{"title":"Dynamic Simulation of a Hybrid Wind Farm with Wind Turbines and Distributed Compressed Air Energy Storage System","authors":"Eronini Umez-Eronini","volume":212,"journal":"International Journal of Energy and Environmental Engineering","pagesStart":188,"pagesEnd":204,"ISSN":"1307-6892","URL":"https:\/\/publications.waset.org\/pdf\/10013745","abstract":"<p>Compressed air energy storage (CAES) coupled with wind farms have gained attention as a means to address the intermittency and variability of wind power. However, most existing studies and implementations focus on bulk or centralized CAES plants. This study presents a dynamic model of a hybrid wind farm with distributed CAES, using air storage tanks and compressor and expander trains at each wind turbine station. It introduces the concept of a distributed CAES with linked air cooling and heating, and presents an approach to scheduling and regulating the production of compressed air and power in such a system. Mathematical models of the dynamic components of this hybrid wind farm system, including a simple transient wake field model, were developed and simulated using MATLAB, with real wind data and Transmission System Operator (TSO) absolute power reference signals as inputs. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed ad hoc supervisory controller is able to track the minute-scale power demand signal within an error band size comparable to the electrical power rating of a single expander. This suggests that combining the global distributed CAES control with power regulation for individual wind turbines could further improve the system\u2019s performance. The round trip electrical storage efficiency computed for the distributed CAES was also in the range of reported round trip storage electrical efficiencies for improved bulk CAES. These findings contribute to the enhancement of efficiency of wind farms without access to large-scale storage or underground caverns.<\/p>","references":"[1]\tS. Succar, and R.H. Williams, \u201cCompressed air energy storage: Theory, resources, and applications for wind power,\u201d Princeton Environmental Institute Report, April 8, 2008.\r\n[2]\tJ. Eyer, and G. Corey, \u201cEnergy storage for the electricity grid: benefits and market potential assessment guide,\u201d Sandia National Laboratories Report, SAND2010-0815, Albuquerque, New Mexico. 2010.\r\n[3]\tP. Denholm, E. Ela, and M. Milligan, \u201cRole of energy storage with renewable electricity generation,\u201d National Renewable Energy Laboratory, NREL\/TP-6A2-47187, 2010.\r\n[4]\tM. Budt, D. Wolf, R. Span, and J. 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