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.sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="background:#ddddff;"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms"><i>Canadian Charter<br />of Rights and Freedoms</i></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above" style="background:#ddddff; font-weight: normal"> Part of the <i><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Act,_1982" title="Constitution Act, 1982">Constitution Act, 1982</a></i></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/Preamble_to_the_Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Preamble to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms">Preamble</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;font-weight: normal"> Guarantee of Rights and Freedoms</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/Section_1_of_the_Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Section 1 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms">1</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;font-weight: normal"> Fundamental Freedoms</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/Section_2_of_the_Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Section 2 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms">2</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;font-weight: normal"> Democratic Rights</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/Section_3_of_the_Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Section 3 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms">3</a>, <a href="/wiki/Section_4_of_the_Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Section 4 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms">4</a>, <a href="/wiki/Section_5_of_the_Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Section 5 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms">5</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;font-weight: normal"> Mobility Rights</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/Section_6_of_the_Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Section 6 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms">6</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;font-weight: normal"> Legal Rights</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/Section_7_of_the_Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Section 7 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms">7</a>, <a href="/wiki/Section_8_of_the_Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Section 8 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms">8</a>, <a href="/wiki/Section_9_of_the_Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Section 9 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms">9</a>, <a href="/wiki/Section_10_of_the_Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Section 10 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms">10</a>, <a href="/wiki/Section_11_of_the_Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Section 11 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms">11</a>, <a href="/wiki/Section_12_of_the_Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Section 12 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms">12</a>, <a href="/wiki/Section_13_of_the_Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Section 13 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms">13</a>, <a href="/wiki/Section_14_of_the_Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Section 14 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms">14</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;font-weight: normal"> Equality Rights</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/Section_15_of_the_Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Section 15 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms">15</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;font-weight: normal"> Official Languages of Canada</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/Section_16_of_the_Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Section 16 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms">16</a>, <a href="/wiki/Section_16.1_of_the_Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Section 16.1 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms">16.1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Section_17_of_the_Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Section 17 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms">17</a>, <a href="/wiki/Section_18_of_the_Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Section 18 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms">18</a>, <a href="/wiki/Section_19_of_the_Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Section 19 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms">19</a>, <a href="/wiki/Section_20_of_the_Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Section 20 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms">20</a>, <a href="/wiki/Section_21_of_the_Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Section 21 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms">21</a>, <a href="/wiki/Section_22_of_the_Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Section 22 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms">22</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;font-weight: normal"> Minority Language Education Rights</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/Section_23_of_the_Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms">23</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;font-weight: normal"> Enforcement</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/Section_24_of_the_Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Section 24 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms">24</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;font-weight: normal"> General</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/Section_25_of_the_Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Section 25 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms">25</a>, <a href="/wiki/Section_26_of_the_Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Section 26 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms">26</a>, <a href="/wiki/Section_27_of_the_Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Section 27 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms">27</a>, <a href="/wiki/Section_28_of_the_Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Section 28 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms">28</a>, <a href="/wiki/Section_29_of_the_Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Section 29 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms">29</a>, <a href="/wiki/Section_30_of_the_Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Section 30 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms">30</a>, <a href="/wiki/Section_31_of_the_Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Section 31 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms">31</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;font-weight: normal"> Application</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">32</a>, <a href="/wiki/Section_33_of_the_Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Section 33 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms">33</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;font-weight: normal"> Citation</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/Section_34_of_the_Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Section 34 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms">34</a></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Canadian_Charter" title="Template:Canadian Charter"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Canadian_Charter" title="Template talk:Canadian Charter"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Canadian_Charter" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Canadian Charter"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Section 32</b> of the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms">Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms</a> concerns the application and scope of the Charter. Only claims based on the type of law contemplated by this section can be brought before a court. </p><p>Section 32(1) describes the basis on which all rights can be enforced. Section 32(2) was added in order to delay the enforcement of <a href="/wiki/Section_Fifteen_of_the_Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms" class="mw-redirect" title="Section Fifteen of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms">section 15</a> until government was given time to amend their laws to conform to the section. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Text">Text</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Section_32_of_the_Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Text"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Under the heading "Application of Charter" the section states: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>32. (1) This Charter applies </p><dl><dd><dl><dd>a) to the Parliament and government of Canada in respect of all matters within the authority of Parliament including all matters relating to the Yukon Territory and Northwest Territories; and</dd> <dd>b) to the legislature and government of each province in respect of all matters within the authority of the legislature of each province.</dd></dl></dd> <dd>(2) Notwithstanding subsection (1), section 15 shall not have effect until three years after this section comes into force.</dd></dl></blockquote> <p>The purpose of this section is to make it clear that the Charter only applies to governments, and not to private individuals, businesses or other organizations. <sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interpretation">Interpretation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Section_32_of_the_Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Interpretation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The meaning of section 32(1) was first examined in <i><a href="/wiki/RWDSU_v._Dolphin_Delivery_Ltd." class="mw-redirect" title="RWDSU v. Dolphin Delivery Ltd.">RWDSU v. Dolphin Delivery Ltd.</a></i> The Courts found that the "<a href="/wiki/Authority" title="Authority">authority</a>" of government consisted of all laws created by the three branches of government (executive, legislative, and administrative), as well as any rules, or regulations created by "government actors". Common law only applied when it was the basis of some government action. Later, in <i><a href="/wiki/R._v._Rahey" class="mw-redirect" title="R. v. Rahey">R. v. Rahey</a></i> (1987)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Canada" title="Supreme Court of Canada">Supreme Court</a> held that the Charter equally applies to courts as well. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government_actors">Government actors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Section_32_of_the_Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Government actors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The meaning of "government actors" was considered in the case of <i><a href="/wiki/McKinney_v._University_of_Guelph" class="mw-redirect" title="McKinney v. University of Guelph">McKinney v. University of Guelph</a></i>. The Court, using what is called the "effective control test", examines the role of the government in the institution. A government actor consists of institutions for which the government has statutory authority to exercise substantial control over the day-to-day operations, policy-making, and as well provides substantial funding for the institutions. </p><p>The main question to ask is how much control the government has over the institution: </p> <ul><li>Is there a law that directs how the institution will operate?</li> <li>Does the government appoint the majority of the institution's board of directors?</li> <li>Does the institution have any history or guarantees of independent action from government?</li></ul> <p>The greater the government control over the operation of the institution, the more likely it is to be a part of the government, although different Supreme Court decisions have required different amounts of control. </p><p>In practice this generally excluded organizations such as public universities and hospitals since the <a href="/wiki/Board_of_Governors" class="mw-redirect" title="Board of Governors">Board of Governors</a> usually operated independently of government control. Colleges, however, are government actors because they lack the independence of a Board. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government_policy">Government policy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Section_32_of_the_Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Government policy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In cases where the "effective control test" fails there is still the possibility of the Charter applying where it can be shown that the organization provided services that were in furtherance of a specific government policy or program (<i><a href="/wiki/Eldridge_v._British_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Eldridge v. British Columbia">Eldridge v. British Columbia</a></i>). The reason for this expansion was to prevent the government from <a href="/wiki/Outsourcing" title="Outsourcing">outsourcing</a> services to <a href="/wiki/Private_organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Private organization">private organizations</a><sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in order to get around the "control test". </p><p>For example, in <i>Eldridge v. <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a></i>, the Court found that though hospitals are not considered government actors, they are often subject to Charter <a href="/wiki/Scrutiny" title="Scrutiny">scrutiny</a> as many government policies are designed to be carried out by the hospitals. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Section_32_of_the_Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pch.gc.ca/eng/1355344632007/1355344738223:">Application of Charter Section 32</a> - Canadian Heritage Website</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.charterofrights.ca/language.php">Fundamental Freedoms: The Charter of Rights and Freedoms</a> - Charter of Rights website with video, audio and the Charter in over 20 languages</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Section_32_of_the_Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pch.gc.ca/eng/1355344632007/1355344738223">"Section 32 : Application of Charter"</a>. <i>Canadian Heritage</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Heritage&rft.atitle=Section+32+%3A+Application+of+Charter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pch.gc.ca%2Feng%2F1355344632007%2F1355344738223&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASection+32+of+the+Canadian+Charter+of+Rights+and+Freedoms" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">R. v. 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title="Quasi-constitutionality">Quasi-constitutional law</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Pre-Confederation_constitutional_documents926" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_history_of_Canada" title="Constitutional history of Canada">Pre-Confederation constitutional documents</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Law_of_Peace" title="Great Law of Peace">Iroquois constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Council_(Mi%EA%9E%8Ckmaq)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Council (Miꞌkmaq)">Mi'kmaq constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Council_of_New_France" title="Sovereign Council of New France">Constitution of New France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Proclamation_of_1763" title="Royal Proclamation of 1763">Royal Proclamation of 1763</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_Act" title="Quebec Act">Quebec Act of 1774</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Act_1791" title="Constitutional Act 1791">Constitutional Act of 1791</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_Independence_of_Lower_Canada" title="Declaration of Independence of Lower Canada">Declaration of Independence of Lower Canada</a> (1838)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durham_Report" title="Durham Report">Report on the Affairs of British North America</a> (1839)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Act_of_Union_1840" title="Act of Union 1840">Act of Union 1840</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Confederation926" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Confederation" title="Canadian Confederation">Confederation</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charlottetown_Conference" title="Charlottetown Conference">Charlottetown Conference, 1864</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_Conference,_1864" title="Quebec Conference, 1864">Quebec Conference, 1864</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_Resolutions" title="Quebec Resolutions">Quebec Resolutions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Conference_of_1866" title="London Conference of 1866">London Conference, 1866</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fathers_of_Confederation" title="Fathers of Confederation">Fathers of Confederation</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Constitution_Act,_186726" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Act,_1867" title="Constitution Act, 1867">Constitution Act, 1867</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_federalism" title="Canadian federalism">Canadian federalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preamble_to_the_Constitution_Act,_1867" title="Preamble to the Constitution Act, 1867">Preamble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_121_of_the_Constitution_Act,_1867" title="Section 121 of the Constitution Act, 1867">Section 121</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_125_of_the_Constitution_Act,_1867" title="Section 125 of the Constitution Act, 1867">Section 125</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Powers under<br />Section 91</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peace,_order,_and_good_government" title="Peace, order, and good government">Peace, order, and good government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_91(2)_of_the_Constitution_Act,_1867" title="Section 91(2) of the Constitution Act, 1867">Trade and commerce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_91(27)_of_the_Constitution_Act,_1867" title="Section 91(27) of the Constitution Act, 1867">Criminal law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_92(10)_of_the_Constitution_Act,_1867" title="Section 92(10) of the Constitution Act, 1867">Matters excepted from s. 92</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Powers under <br />Section 92</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Section_91(27)_of_the_Constitution_Act,_1867#Provincial_jurisdiction" title="Section 91(27) of the Constitution Act, 1867">Licensing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_92(10)_of_the_Constitution_Act,_1867" title="Section 92(10) of the Constitution Act, 1867">Works and undertakings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_92(13)_of_the_Constitution_Act,_1867" title="Section 92(13) of the Constitution Act, 1867">Property and civil rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_92(14)_of_the_Constitution_Act,_1867" title="Section 92(14) of the Constitution Act, 1867">Administration of justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_91(27)_of_the_Constitution_Act,_1867#Provincial_jurisdiction" title="Section 91(27) of the Constitution Act, 1867">Fines and penalties for provincial laws</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Section_92(16)_of_the_Constitution_Act,_1867&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Section 92(16) of the Constitution Act, 1867 (page does not exist)">Matters of a local or private nature</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Amendments_and_other_constitutional_documents_1867–1982926" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Amendments and other constitutional documents 1867–1982</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_North_America_Acts" title="British North America Acts">British North America Acts</a>, 1867–1982</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manitoba_Act,_1870" title="Manitoba Act, 1870">Manitoba Act, 1870</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alberta_Act" title="Alberta Act">Alberta Act, 1905</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Act" title="Saskatchewan Act">Saskatchewan Act, 1905</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statute_of_Westminster_1931" title="Statute of Westminster 1931">Statute of Westminster, 1931</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_Act" title="Newfoundland Act">Newfoundland Act, 1949</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Patriation926" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Patriation" title="Patriation">Patriation</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fulton%E2%80%93Favreau_formula" title="Fulton–Favreau formula">Fulton–Favreau formula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Charter" title="Victoria Charter">Victoria Charter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriation#The_Kitchen_Accord" title="Patriation">Kitchen Accord/Night of the Long Knives</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Constitution_Act,_198226" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Act,_1982" title="Constitution Act, 1982">Constitution Act, 1982</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms">Part I – Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Preamble_to_the_Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Preamble to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms">Preamble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_1_of_the_Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Section 1 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_2_of_the_Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Section 2 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_3_of_the_Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Section 3 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_4_of_the_Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Section 4 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_5_of_the_Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Section 5 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_6_of_the_Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Section 6 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_7_of_the_Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Section 7 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_8_of_the_Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Section 8 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_9_of_the_Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Section 9 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_10_of_the_Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Section 10 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_11_of_the_Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Section 11 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_12_of_the_Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Section 12 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_13_of_the_Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Section 13 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_14_of_the_Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Section 14 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_15_of_the_Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Section 15 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_16_of_the_Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Section 16 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_16.1_of_the_Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Section 16.1 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms">16.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_17_of_the_Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Section 17 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_18_of_the_Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Section 18 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_19_of_the_Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Section 19 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_20_of_the_Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Section 20 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_21_of_the_Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Section 21 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_22_of_the_Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Section 22 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms">22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_23_of_the_Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms">23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_24_of_the_Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Section 24 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms">24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_25_of_the_Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Section 25 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms">25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_26_of_the_Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Section 26 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms">26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_27_of_the_Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Section 27 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms">27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_28_of_the_Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Section 28 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms">28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_29_of_the_Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Section 29 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms">29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_30_of_the_Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Section 30 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms">30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_31_of_the_Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Section 31 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms">31</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_33_of_the_Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Section 33 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms">33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_34_of_the_Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Section 34 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms">34</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Part II – Rights of the Aboriginal peoples of Canada</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Section_35_of_the_Constitution_Act,_1982" title="Section 35 of the Constitution Act, 1982">35</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Section_35.1_of_the_Constitution_Act,_1982&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Section 35.1 of the Constitution Act, 1982 (page does not exist)">35</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Part III – Equalization and regional disparities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Section_36_of_the_Constitution_Act,_1982&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Section 36 of the Constitution Act, 1982 (page does not exist)">36</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Amendments_to_the_Constitution_of_Canada" title="Amendments to the Constitution of Canada">Part V – Procedure for amending Constitution of Canada</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Section_38_of_the_Constitution_Act,_1982&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Section 38 of the Constitution Act, 1982 (page does not exist)">38</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Section_39_of_the_Constitution_Act,_1982&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Section 39 of the Constitution Act, 1982 (page does not exist)">39</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Section_40_of_the_Constitution_Act,_1982&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Section 40 of the Constitution Act, 1982 (page does not exist)">40</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Section_41_of_the_Constitution_Act,_1982&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Section 41 of the Constitution Act, 1982 (page does not exist)">41</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Section_42_of_the_Constitution_Act,_1982&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Section 42 of the Constitution Act, 1982 (page does not exist)">42</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Section_43_of_the_Constitution_Act,_1982&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Section 43 of the Constitution Act, 1982 (page does not exist)">43</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Section_44_of_the_Constitution_Act,_1982&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Section 44 of the Constitution Act, 1982 (page does not exist)">44</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Section_45_of_the_Constitution_Act,_1982&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Section 45 of the Constitution Act, 1982 (page does not exist)">45</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Section_46_of_the_Constitution_Act,_1982&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Section 46 of the Constitution Act, 1982 (page does not exist)">46</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Section_47_of_the_Constitution_Act,_1982&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Section 47 of the Constitution Act, 1982 (page does not exist)">47</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Section_48_of_the_Constitution_Act,_1982&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Section 48 of the Constitution Act, 1982 (page does not exist)">48</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Section_49_of_the_Constitution_Act,_1982&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Section 49 of the Constitution Act, 1982 (page does not exist)">49</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Part VII – General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Section_52_of_the_Constitution_Act,_1982" class="mw-redirect" title="Section 52 of the Constitution Act, 1982">52</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Section_53_of_the_Constitution_Act,_1982&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Section 53 of the Constitution Act, 1982 (page does not exist)">53</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Section_54_of_the_Constitution_Act,_1982&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Section 54 of the Constitution Act, 1982 (page does not exist)">54</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Section_55_of_the_Constitution_Act,_1982&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Section 55 of the Constitution Act, 1982 (page does not exist)">55</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Section_56_of_the_Constitution_Act,_1982&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Section 56 of the Constitution Act, 1982 (page does not exist)">56</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Section_57_of_the_Constitution_Act,_1982&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Section 57 of the Constitution Act, 1982 (page does not exist)">57</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Section_58_of_the_Constitution_Act,_1982&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Section 58 of the Constitution Act, 1982 (page does not exist)">58</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_23_of_the_Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms">59</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Conventions926" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_convention_(political_custom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitutional convention (political custom)">Conventions</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/At_His_Majesty%27s_pleasure" title="At His Majesty's pleasure">At His Majesty's pleasure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_collective_responsibility" title="Cabinet collective responsibility">Cabinet collective responsibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disallowance_and_reservation_in_Canada" title="Disallowance and reservation in Canada">Disallowance and reservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Responsible_government" title="Responsible government">Responsible government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fusion_of_powers" title="Fusion of powers">Fusion of powers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King-in-Parliament" title="King-in-Parliament">King-in-Parliament</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Implied_repeal" title="Implied repeal">Implied repeal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individual_ministerial_responsibility" title="Individual ministerial responsibility">Individual ministerial responsibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interpellation_(politics)" title="Interpellation (politics)">Interpellation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Question_Period" title="Question Period">Question Period</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_privilege" title="Parliamentary privilege">Parliamentary privilege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_sovereignty" title="Parliamentary sovereignty">Parliamentary sovereignty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reserve_power" title="Reserve power">Reserve power</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_prerogative" title="Royal prerogative">Royal prerogative</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Constitutional_debate926" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_debate_in_Canada" title="Constitutional debate in Canada">Constitutional debate</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Triple-E_Senate" title="Triple-E Senate">Triple-E Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meech_Lake_Accord" title="Meech Lake Accord">Meech Lake Accord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlottetown_Accord" title="Charlottetown Accord">Charlottetown Accord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calgary_Declaration" title="Calgary Declaration">Calgary Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unsuccessful_attempts_to_amend_the_Canadian_Constitution" title="Unsuccessful attempts to amend the Canadian Constitution">Other unsuccessful amendments</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 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