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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Discography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Discography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Discography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Virginia McKenna</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 25 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-25" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">25 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_McKenna" title="Virginia McKenna – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Virginia McKenna" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7" title="فيرجينيا ماككينا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فيرجينيا ماككينا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_McKenna" title="Virginia McKenna – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Virginia McKenna" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D9%85%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%A7" title="ویرجینیا مکنا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ویرجینیا مکنا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE" title="ভার্জিনিয়া ম্যাকেনা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভার্জিনিয়া ম্যাকেনা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_McKenna" title="Virginia McKenna – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Virginia McKenna" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_McKennaov%C3%A1" title="Virginia McKennaová – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Virginia McKennaová" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_McKenna" title="Virginia McKenna – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Virginia McKenna" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_McKenna" title="Virginia McKenna – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Virginia McKenna" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_McKenna" title="Virginia McKenna – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Virginia McKenna" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D9%85%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%A7" title="ویرجینیا مکنا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ویرجینیا مکنا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_McKenna" title="Virginia McKenna – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Virginia McKenna" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B2%84%EC%A7%80%EB%8B%88%EC%95%84_%EB%A7%A4%EC%BC%80%EB%82%98" title="버지니아 매케나 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="버지니아 매케나" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_McKenna" title="Virginia McKenna – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Virginia McKenna" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A4%D9%8A%D8%B1%DA%86%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7" title="ڤيرچينيا ماككينا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ڤيرچينيا ماككينا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A1%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A2%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9E%E3%83%83%E3%82%B1%E3%83%B3%E3%83%8A" title="ヴァージニア・マッケンナ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヴァージニア・マッケンナ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_McKenna" title="Virginia McKenna – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Virginia McKenna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_McKenna" title="Virginia McKenna – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Virginia McKenna" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0,_%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Маккенна, Вирджиния – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Маккенна, Вирджиния" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%9F%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Вирџинија Макена – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Вирџинија Макена" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_McKenna" title="Virginia McKenna – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Virginia McKenna" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_McKenna" title="Virginia McKenna – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Virginia McKenna" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_McKenna" title="Virginia McKenna – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Virginia McKenna" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Вірджинія Маккенна – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вірджинія Маккенна" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E5%90%89%E5%B0%BC%E5%A8%85%C2%B7%E9%BA%A6%E5%85%8B%E7%BA%B3" title="弗吉尼娅·麦克纳 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="弗吉尼娅·麦克纳" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">British actress (born 1931)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Dame" title="Dame">Dame</a></div><div class="fn">Virginia McKenna</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire" title="Order of the British Empire">DBE</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Virginiamckenna_westminster_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Virginiamckenna_westminster_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Virginiamckenna_westminster_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Virginiamckenna_westminster_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Virginiamckenna_westminster_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Virginiamckenna_westminster_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Virginiamckenna_westminster_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1036" data-file-height="1382" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">McKenna at an anti badger cull demonstration, Westminster, London, June 2013</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Virginia Anne McKenna</div><br /><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1931-06-07</span>) </span>7 June 1931<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 93)</span><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Marylebone" title="Marylebone">Marylebone</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_of_London" title="County of London">County of London</a>, (now <a href="/wiki/Inner_London" title="Inner London">Inner London</a>) England</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Central_School_of_Speech_and_Drama" title="Royal Central School of Speech and Drama">Royal Central School of Speech and Drama</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role">Stage and screen actress, author</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data">1952–present</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Denholm_Elliott" title="Denholm Elliott">Denholm Elliott</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1954; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1957)<wbr /></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Travers" title="Bill Travers">Bill Travers</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1957; died 1994)<wbr /></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">4</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Dame Virginia Anne McKenna</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (born 7 June 1931) is a British stage and screen actress, author, <a href="/wiki/Animal_rights" title="Animal rights">animal rights</a> activist, and wildlife campaigner. She is best known for the films <i><a href="/wiki/A_Town_Like_Alice_(film)" title="A Town Like Alice (film)">A Town Like Alice</a></i> (1956), <i><a href="/wiki/Carve_Her_Name_with_Pride" title="Carve Her Name with Pride">Carve Her Name with Pride</a></i> (1958), <i><a href="/wiki/Born_Free_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Born Free (film)">Born Free</a></i> (1966), and <i><a href="/wiki/Ring_of_Bright_Water" title="Ring of Bright Water">Ring of Bright Water</a></i> (1969), as well as her work with the <a href="/wiki/Born_Free_Foundation" title="Born Free Foundation">Born Free Foundation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virginia_McKenna&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>McKenna was born in <a href="/wiki/Marylebone" title="Marylebone">Marylebone</a> to a theatrical family and was educated at Heron's Ghyll School, a former independent boarding school near the <a href="/wiki/Market_town" title="Market town">market town</a> of <a href="/wiki/Horsham" title="Horsham">Horsham</a> in Sussex. She spent six years in <a href="/wiki/Union_of_South_Africa" title="Union of South Africa">South Africa</a> before returning to the school at the age of fourteen, after which she attended the <a href="/wiki/Central_School_of_Speech_and_Drama" class="mw-redirect" title="Central School of Speech and Drama">Central School of Speech and Drama</a>, at that time based at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Albert_Hall" title="Royal Albert Hall">Royal Albert Hall</a>, London.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virginia_McKenna&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Aged 19, McKenna spent six months at <a href="/wiki/Dundee_Repertory_Theatre" title="Dundee Repertory Theatre">Dundee Repertory Theatre</a>. She worked on stage in London's <a href="/wiki/West_End_of_London" title="West End of London">West End</a> theatre, making her debut in <i>Penny for a Song</i>. She attracted attention on TV appearing in <i>Winter's Tale</i> with <a href="/wiki/John_Gielgud" title="John Gielgud">John Gielgud</a> and <i>Shout Aloud Salvation</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mck_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mck-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>McKenna's first film was <i><a href="/wiki/The_Second_Mrs_Tanqueray_(1952_film)" title="The Second Mrs Tanqueray (1952 film)">The Second Mrs Tanqueray</a></i> (1952), followed by a comedy, <i><a href="/wiki/Father%27s_Doing_Fine" title="Father's Doing Fine">Father's Doing Fine</a></i> (1952). She had a small role in the popular war film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Cruel_Sea_(1953_film)" title="The Cruel Sea (1953 film)">The Cruel Sea</a></i> (1953) and a better part in the low budget comedy <i><a href="/wiki/The_Oracle_(1953_film)" title="The Oracle (1953 film)">The Oracle</a></i> (1953). She received excellent reviews for her stage performance in <i><a href="/wiki/The_River_Line_(play)" title="The River Line (play)">The River Line</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-mck_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mck-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By June 1953, she was appearing in the <a href="/wiki/West_End_production" class="mw-redirect" title="West End production">West End production</a> of <a href="/wiki/William_Douglas_Home" title="William Douglas Home">William Douglas Home</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Bad_Samaritan" title="The Bad Samaritan">The Bad Samaritan</a>.</i><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1954 to 1955, she was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Old_Vic" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Vic">Old Vic</a> theatre company, appearing in <i>Henry IV</i> and <i>Richard II</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>McKenna returned to films with <i><a href="/wiki/Simba_(1955_film)" title="Simba (1955 film)">Simba</a></i> (1955), a drama about the <a href="/wiki/Mau_Mau_rebellion" title="Mau Mau rebellion">Mau Mau</a>, playing <a href="/wiki/Dirk_Bogarde" title="Dirk Bogarde">Dirk Bogarde</a>'s love interest. Rank signed her to a long-term contract<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and director <a href="/wiki/Brian_Desmond_Hurst" title="Brian Desmond Hurst">Brian Desmond Hurst</a> said, "She has a terrific future, properly handled. She has all the qualities of a young Bergman and a young <a href="/wiki/Katharine_Hepburn" title="Katharine Hepburn">Katharine Hepburn</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> McKenna was also in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Ship_That_Died_of_Shame" title="The Ship That Died of Shame">The Ship That Died of Shame</a></i> (1955). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stardom">Stardom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virginia_McKenna&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Stardom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>McKenna was given the lead role in the war time drama <i><a href="/wiki/A_Town_Like_Alice_(film)" title="A Town Like Alice (film)">A Town Like Alice</a></i> (1956), opposite <a href="/wiki/Peter_Finch" title="Peter Finch">Peter Finch</a>. The movie was a big hit at the box office and McKenna won the <a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="BAFTA Award">BAFTA Award for Best Actress</a> for her performance.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Exhibitors voted her the fourth most popular British star.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 1956, John Davis, managing director of Rank, announced her as one of the actors under contract that Davis thought would become an international star.<sup id="cite_ref-davis_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-davis-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Travers and McKenna received an offer to go to Hollywood to appear in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Barretts_of_Wimpole_Street_(1957_film)" title="The Barretts of Wimpole Street (1957 film)">The Barretts of Wimpole Street</a></i> (1957). Travers played <a href="/wiki/Robert_Browning" title="Robert Browning">Robert Browning</a> and McKenna had the support part of <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Barrett_Browning" title="Elizabeth Barrett Browning">Elizabeth Barrett Browning</a>'s sister. The movie flopped at the box office. The same year, Travers and McKenna, along with <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Rutherford" title="Margaret Rutherford">Margaret Rutherford</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peter_Sellers" title="Peter Sellers">Peter Sellers</a>, co-starred in the comedy <i><a href="/wiki/The_Smallest_Show_on_Earth" title="The Smallest Show on Earth">The Smallest Show on Earth</a></i>, made back in Britain. </p><p>McKenna had another hit with <i><a href="/wiki/Carve_Her_Name_with_Pride" title="Carve Her Name with Pride">Carve Her Name with Pride</a></i> (1958), playing <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a> <a href="/wiki/Special_Operations_Executive" title="Special Operations Executive">SOE</a> agent <a href="/wiki/Violette_Szabo" title="Violette Szabo">Violette Szabo</a>. She was nominated for another BAFTA Award and was voted the fifth most popular British star of 1958 (and the ninth most popular regardless of nationality). </p><p>She and Travers were reunited in <i><a href="/wiki/Passionate_Summer_(1958_film)" title="Passionate Summer (1958 film)">Passionate Summer</a></i> (1959), then she had a support part in MGM's <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wreck_of_the_Mary_Deare_(film)" title="The Wreck of the Mary Deare (film)">The Wreck of the Mary Deare</a></i> (1959). McKenna and Travers were also in <i><a href="/wiki/Two_Living,_One_Dead" title="Two Living, One Dead">Two Living, One Dead</a></i> (1961), shot in Sweden. She was in an adaptation of <i><a href="/wiki/A_Passage_to_India" title="A Passage to India">A Passage to India</a></i> for the BBC in 1965. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Born_Free"><i>Born Free</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virginia_McKenna&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Born Free"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>McKenna is best remembered for her 1966 role as <a href="/wiki/Joy_Adamson" title="Joy Adamson">Joy Adamson</a> in the true-life film <i><a href="/wiki/Born_Free" title="Born Free">Born Free</a></i> for which she received a nomination for a <a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Actress_-_Motion_Picture_Drama" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Globe Award for Best Actress - Motion Picture Drama">Golden Globe</a>. It was not only a huge success at the box office but a life changing experience for her and her husband Bill Travers who co-starred with her, portraying game warden and conservationist <a href="/wiki/George_Adamson" title="George Adamson">George Adamson</a>. The experience led them to become active supporters for wild <a href="/wiki/Animal_rights" title="Animal rights">animal rights</a> as well as the protection of their natural <a href="/wiki/Habitat_(ecology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Habitat (ecology)">habitat</a>. McKenna and Travers starred in another animal-themed story, <i><a href="/wiki/Ring_of_Bright_Water_(film)" title="Ring of Bright Water (film)">Ring of Bright Water</a></i> (1969), but it failed to match <i>Born Free</i>'s success. </p><p>McKenna appeared in <i>An Elephant Called Slowly</i>. The film features her close friend conservationist George Adamson and also elephants Eleanor (brought up by conservationist <a href="/wiki/Daphne_Sheldrick" title="Daphne Sheldrick">Daphne Sheldrick</a>) and young Pole Pole. The subsequent premature death of Pole Pole in <a href="/wiki/London_Zoo" title="London Zoo">London Zoo</a> led to McKenna and her husband to establish Zoo Check in 1984 with their eldest son <a href="/wiki/Will_Travers" title="Will Travers">Will Travers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zoo Check was renamed Born Free Foundation in 1991. In 1984 McKenna was involved with a protest against the poor conditions at <a href="/wiki/Southampton_Common" title="Southampton Common">Southampton Zoo</a> which was closed a year later.<sup id="cite_ref-gale_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gale-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_career">Later career</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virginia_McKenna&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Later career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>McKenna occasionally acted in films, notably <i><a href="/wiki/Waterloo_(1970_film)" title="Waterloo (1970 film)">Waterloo</a></i> (1970), <i><a href="/wiki/Swallows_and_Amazons_(1974_film)" title="Swallows and Amazons (1974 film)">Swallows and Amazons</a></i> (1974), <i><a href="/wiki/The_Gathering_Storm_(1974_film)" title="The Gathering Storm (1974 film)">The Gathering Storm</a></i> (1974), and <i><a href="/wiki/Beauty_and_the_Beast_(1976_TV_film)" title="Beauty and the Beast (1976 TV film)">Beauty and the Beast</a></i> (1976). </p><p>Onstage, in 1979 she won the <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier_Awards" title="Laurence Olivier Awards">Olivier Award</a> for Best Actress in a British musical for her performance opposite <a href="/wiki/Yul_Brynner" title="Yul Brynner">Yul Brynner</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/The_King_and_I" title="The King and I">The King and I</a></i>. Over the years she appeared in more films but was also very active with television roles and on stage where she continues to make occasional appearances. </p><p>McKenna has been responsible for helping create and furnish the <a href="/wiki/Gavin_Maxwell" title="Gavin Maxwell">Gavin Maxwell</a> Museum<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on <a href="/wiki/Eilean_B%C3%A0n,_Lochalsh" class="mw-redirect" title="Eilean Bàn, Lochalsh">Eilean Bàn</a>, the last island home of Maxwell, an author and <a href="/wiki/Natural_history" title="Natural history">naturalist</a>, most famous for his book <i><a href="/wiki/Ring_of_Bright_Water" title="Ring of Bright Water">Ring of Bright Water</a></i>. McKenna and husband Bill Travers starred in the <a href="/wiki/Ring_of_Bright_Water_(film)" title="Ring of Bright Water (film)">1969 film adaptation</a> of the book. </p><p>McKenna is still actively involved at Born Free Foundational as a Trustee.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honours">Honours</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virginia_McKenna&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Honours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>McKenna was appointed <a href="/wiki/Officer_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Officer of the Order of the British Empire">Officer of the Order of the British Empire</a> (OBE) in the <a href="/wiki/2004_New_Year_Honours" title="2004 New Year Honours">2004 New Year Honours</a> for services to wildlife and the arts and <a href="/wiki/Dame_Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire">Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire</a> (DBE) in the <a href="/wiki/2023_New_Year_Honours" title="2023 New Year Honours">2023 New Year Honours</a> for services to wildlife conservation and wild animal welfare.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virginia_McKenna&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>McKenna was married for a few months in 1954 to actor <a href="/wiki/Denholm_Elliott" title="Denholm Elliott">Denholm Elliott</a>, whom she met on the set of <i>The Cruel Sea</i>. Their marriage ended owing to his affairs with men.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1957, she married actor <a href="/wiki/Bill_Travers" title="Bill Travers">Bill Travers</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to whom she remained married until his death in 1994. McKenna and Travers had four children together, one of whom is <a href="/wiki/Will_Travers" title="Will Travers">Will Travers</a>. She is the grandmother of actress <a href="/wiki/Lily_Travers" title="Lily Travers">Lily Travers</a>. </p><p>In 1975, McKenna released an album of twelve songs called <i>Two Faces of Love</i>, which included two of her own compositions and a sung version of the poem "<a href="/wiki/The_Life_That_I_Have" title="The Life That I Have">The Life That I Have</a>" from <i>Carve Her Name with Pride</i>. The record was released on the Gold Star label with two line drawings of McKenna by her sister-in-law <a href="/wiki/Linden_Travers" title="Linden Travers">Linden Travers</a>, but these were replaced by a photograph when the album was reissued on the Rim label in 1979. </p><p>McKenna's audiobook work includes <i><a href="/wiki/The_Secret_Garden" title="The Secret Garden">The Secret Garden</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Frances_Hodgson_Burnett" title="Frances Hodgson Burnett">Frances Hodgson Burnett</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and narration of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lonely_Doll" title="The Lonely Doll">The Lonely Doll</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Dare_Wright" title="Dare Wright">Dare Wright</a>. </p><p>McKenna is a <a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism" title="Vegetarianism">vegetarian</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She is a patron of <a href="/wiki/Cinnamon_Trust" title="Cinnamon Trust">Cinnamon Trust</a>, a national charity that helps elderly people to keep their pets.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>McKenna's autobiography, <i>The Life in My Years</i>, was published by <a href="/wiki/Oberon_Books" title="Oberon Books">Oberon Books</a> in March 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Filmography">Filmography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virginia_McKenna&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Filmography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#B0C4DE;">Year </th> <th style="background:#B0C4DE;">Film </th> <th style="background:#B0C4DE;">Role </th> <th style="background:#B0C4DE;">Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">1952 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Father%27s_Doing_Fine" title="Father's Doing Fine">Father's Doing Fine</a></i> </td> <td>Catherine </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Second_Mrs._Tanqueray" class="mw-redirect" title="The Second Mrs. Tanqueray">The Second Mrs. Tanqueray</a></i> </td> <td>Ellean Tanqueray </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">1953 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Cruel_Sea_(1953_film)" title="The Cruel Sea (1953 film)">The Cruel Sea</a></i> </td> <td>Julie Hallam </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Oracle_(1953_film)" title="The Oracle (1953 film)">The Oracle</a></i> </td> <td>Shelagh </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">1955 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Simba_(1955_film)" title="Simba (1955 film)">Simba</a></i> </td> <td>Mary Crawford </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Ship_That_Died_of_Shame" title="The Ship That Died of Shame">The Ship That Died of Shame</a></i> </td> <td>Helen Randall </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1956 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/A_Town_Like_Alice_(film)" title="A Town Like Alice (film)">A Town Like Alice</a></i> </td> <td>Jean Paget </td> <td><a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Actress_in_a_Leading_Role" title="BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role">BAFTA Award for Best British Actress</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">1957 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Barretts_of_Wimpole_Street_(1957_film)" title="The Barretts of Wimpole Street (1957 film)">The Barretts of Wimpole Street</a></i> </td> <td>Henrietta Barrett </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Smallest_Show_on_Earth" title="The Smallest Show on Earth">The Smallest Show on Earth</a></i> </td> <td>Jean Spenser </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">1958 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Carve_Her_Name_with_Pride" title="Carve Her Name with Pride">Carve Her Name with Pride</a></i> </td> <td>Violette Szabo </td> <td>Nominated – <a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Actress_in_a_Leading_Role" title="BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role">BAFTA Award for Best British Actress</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Passionate_Summer_(1958_film)" title="Passionate Summer (1958 film)">Passionate Summer</a></i> </td> <td>Judy Waring </td> <td>aka <i>Storm Over Jamaica</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1959 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wreck_of_the_Mary_Deare_(film)" title="The Wreck of the Mary Deare (film)">The Wreck of the Mary Deare</a></i> </td> <td>Janet Taggart </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1961 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Two_Living,_One_Dead" title="Two Living, One Dead">Two Living, One Dead</a></i> </td> <td>Helen Berger </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1965 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/A_Passage_to_India" title="A Passage to India">A Passage to India</a></i> </td> <td>Adela Quested </td> <td>(TV) </td></tr> <tr> <td>1966 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Born_Free" title="Born Free">Born Free</a></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Joy_Adamson" title="Joy Adamson">Joy Adamson</a> </td> <td>Nominated – <a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Actress_%E2%80%93_Motion_Picture_Drama" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Drama">Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Drama</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">1969 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Ring_of_Bright_Water_(film)" title="Ring of Bright Water (film)">Ring of Bright Water</a></i> </td> <td>Mary MacKenzie </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>An Elephant Called Slowly</i> </td> <td>Ginny </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1970 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Waterloo_(1970_film)" title="Waterloo (1970 film)">Waterloo</a></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Lennox,_Duchess_of_Richmond" title="Charlotte Lennox, Duchess of Richmond">Duchess of Richmond</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1972–1973 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Edwardians_(miniseries)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Edwardians (miniseries)">The Edwardians</a></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Daisy_Greville,_Countess_of_Warwick" title="Daisy Greville, Countess of Warwick">Daisy Greville, Countess of Warwick</a> </td> <td>BBC Television miniseries </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">1974 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Swallows_and_Amazons_(1974_film)" title="Swallows and Amazons (1974 film)">Swallows and Amazons</a></i> </td> <td>Mother </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Gathering_Storm_(1974_film)" title="The Gathering Storm (1974 film)">The Gathering Storm</a></i> </td> <td>Clemmie Churchill </td> <td>(TV) </td></tr> <tr> <td>1975 </td> <td><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cheap_in_August:_Shades_of_Green&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cheap in August: Shades of Green (page does not exist)">Cheap in August: Shades of Green</a></i> </td> <td>Mary Watson </td> <td>(TV)Thames Television Series </td></tr> <tr> <td>1975 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Beauty_and_the_Beast_(1976_TV_film)" title="Beauty and the Beast (1976 TV film)">Beauty and the Beast</a></i> </td> <td>Lucy </td> <td>(TV) </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">1977 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Holocaust_2000" title="Holocaust 2000">Holocaust 2000</a></i> </td> <td>Eva Caine </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Disappearance_(film)" title="The Disappearance (film)">The Disappearance</a></i> </td> <td>Catherine </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1979 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar_(play)" title="Julius Caesar (play)">Julius Caesar</a></i> </td> <td>Portia </td> <td>(<a href="/wiki/BBC_Television_Shakespeare" title="BBC Television Shakespeare">BBC Television Shakespeare</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>1982 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Blood_Link" title="Blood Link">Blood Link</a></i> </td> <td>Woman in Ballroom </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1992 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Camomile_Lawn_(TV_serial)" title="The Camomile Lawn (TV serial)">The Camomile Lawn</a></i> </td> <td>Older Polly </td> <td>(TV miniseries) </td></tr> <tr> <td>1994 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Staggered_(film)" title="Staggered (film)">Staggered</a></i> </td> <td>Flora </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1996 </td> <td><i>September</i> </td> <td>Violet </td> <td>(TV) </td></tr> <tr> <td>1998 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Sliding_Doors" title="Sliding Doors">Sliding Doors</a></i> </td> <td>James's Mother </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2005 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/A_Murder_is_Announced" class="mw-redirect" title="A Murder is Announced">A Murder is Announced</a></i> </td> <td>Belle Goedler </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2010 </td> <td><i>Love/Loss</i> </td> <td>Mary </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2012 </td> <td><i>Leona Calderon</i> </td> <td>Elderly British Lady </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">2016 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Golden_Years_(2016_film)" title="Golden Years (2016 film)"><i>Golden Years</i></a> </td> <td>Martha Goode </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Ethel_%26_Ernest_(film)" title="Ethel & Ernest (film)">Ethel & Ernest</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Lady of the House </td> <td>(voice) </td></tr> <tr> <td>2019 </td> <td><i>Widow's Walk</i> </td> <td>Myrtle </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2020 </td> <td><i>Wings</i> </td> <td>Dora </td> <td>Short film </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Non-fiction_films">Non-fiction films</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virginia_McKenna&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Non-fiction films"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>The Lions are Free</i> is the real life continuation of <i><a href="/wiki/Born_Free" title="Born Free">Born Free</a></i>. This film tells about what happened to the lions that were in the film <i>Born Free</i>. <a href="/wiki/Bill_Travers" title="Bill Travers">Bill Travers</a>, who had starred with McKenna, wrote, produced and directed the film, along with James Hill, the director of <i>Born Free</i>. Travers and Hill went to a remote area in <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a> to visit with the noted conservationist <a href="/wiki/George_Adamson" title="George Adamson">George Adamson</a>. The film has scenes of George and Bill interacting with lions who are living free.</li> <li><i>Christian: The Lion at World's End</i> is a documentary (with a re-enaction sequence at the beginning) about the now-famous lion's journey from a London store to George Adamson's reserve in Kenya. Virginia McKenna and her husband, <a href="/wiki/Bill_Travers" title="Bill Travers">Bill Travers</a>, had a chance meeting with Christian and his owners Ace Bourke and John Rendall. Through McKenna and Travers' connection with George Adamson, the lion was successfully brought to Africa and taught how to fend for himself.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virginia_McKenna&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>On Playing With Lions</i>, (with Bill Travers) Collins, (1966) <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-00-241607-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-00-241607-7">0-00-241607-7</a><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Some of My Friends Have Tails</i>, Collins (1971) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-00-262752-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-00-262752-3">0-00-262752-3</a></li> <li><i>Into the Blue</i>, Aquarian Press, (1992) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85538-254-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-85538-254-7">1-85538-254-7</a></li> <li><i>Journey to Freedom</i>, (with help from <a href="/wiki/Will_Travers" title="Will Travers">Will Travers</a>; illustrated by Nick Mountain) Templar (1997) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-898784-73-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-898784-73-6">1-898784-73-6</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Discography">Discography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virginia_McKenna&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Discography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Two Faces of Love</i> LP, Gold Star 15-030, 1975. Reissued as Rim RIM 5001, 1979.</li> <li><i>The Love That I Have (Violette)/Homage to Renoir</i> 45 rpm single, Sovereign SOV 125, 1974.</li> <li><i>The Love That I Have/Send in the Clowns</i> 45 rpm single, RIM 002, 1979.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virginia_McKenna&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.freebmd.org.uk/cgi/information.pl?cite=Sf9%2Fwq9r218O8H9acQ5S1A&scan=1">"Index entry"</a>. <i>FreeBMD</i>. 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Retrieved 31 December 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThornton" class="citation news cs1">Thornton, Michael. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news1.ghananation.com/index.php?news=29577">"Virginia McKenna, her fiery marriage and the husband who cheated on her with a Moroccan gigolo"</a>. <i>Ghana Nation</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ghana+Nation&rft.atitle=Virginia+McKenna%2C+her+fiery+marriage+and+the+husband+who+cheated+on+her+with+a+Moroccan+gigolo&rft.aulast=Thornton&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews1.ghananation.com%2Findex.php%3Fnews%3D29577&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirginia+McKenna" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Bill travers weds actress". <i>The New York Times</i>. 20 September 1957. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/114348031">114348031</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Bill+travers+weds+actress.&rft.date=1957-09-20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirginia+McKenna" class="Z3988"></span> Library login required</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.silksoundbooks.com/audiobook-genres/childrens-books/the-secret-garden.html">"The Secret Garden Audio Book Download for your iPod : download from Silksoundbooks"</a>. <i>silksoundbooks.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=silksoundbooks.com&rft.atitle=The+Secret+Garden+Audio+Book+Download+for+your+iPod+%3A+download+from+Silksoundbooks&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.silksoundbooks.com%2Faudiobook-genres%2Fchildrens-books%2Fthe-secret-garden.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirginia+McKenna" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lady.co.uk/first-impressions-virginia-mckenna">"First Impressions: Virginia McKenna"</a>. lady.co.uk. Retrieved 3 February 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cinnamon.org.uk/cinnamon-trust/">"Companion animals and the elderly"</a>. cinnamon.org.uk. Retrieved 3 February 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/life-in-my-years-9781783194421/">"The Life in My Years by Virginia McKenna"</a>. bloomsbury.com. Retrieved 3 February 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120220003645/http://www.leonacalderon.com/">"Leona Calderon"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.leonacalderon.com/">the original</a> on 20 February 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Leona+Calderon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.leonacalderon.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirginia+McKenna" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ethelandernestmovie.wordpress.com/2015/08/03/voice-cast-announced/">"Voice Cast Announced"</a>. 3 August 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Voice+Cast+Announced&rft.date=2015-08-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fethelandernestmovie.wordpress.com%2F2015%2F08%2F03%2Fvoice-cast-announced%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirginia+McKenna" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fatheroflions.org/Bibliography.html">"Bibliography – BooksFilmsMovies"</a>. <i>fatheroflions.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=fatheroflions.org&rft.atitle=Bibliography+%E2%80%93+BooksFilmsMovies.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fatheroflions.org%2FBibliography.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirginia+McKenna" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virginia_McKenna&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0571441/">Virginia McKenna</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bornfree.org.uk/">Born Free Foundation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fatheroflions.org/GeorgeAdamson_Photos_VM.html">Photos from Virginia Mckenna and the Lions from the film <i>Born Free</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.eileanban.org/">http://www.eileanban.org/</a> home to the <a href="/wiki/Gavin_Maxwell" title="Gavin Maxwell">Gavin Maxwell</a> museum, author of <i>Ring of Bright Water</i>. Retrieved 30 December 2022.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/factual/desertislanddiscs_20040926.shtml">2004 Virginia McKenna Brief profile</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cinnamon.org.uk/">The Cinnamon Trust</a>, cinnamon.org.uk. Retrieved 30 December 2022.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://historyproject.org.uk/interview/virginia-mckenna">British Entertainment History Project interview</a>, historyproject.org.uk. Retrieved 30 December 2022.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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title="BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role">BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #BDB76B;width:1%">1952–1967</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #BDB76B;width:1%">British</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vivien_Leigh" title="Vivien Leigh">Vivien Leigh</a> (1952)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Audrey_Hepburn" title="Audrey Hepburn">Audrey Hepburn</a> (1953)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yvonne_Mitchell" title="Yvonne Mitchell">Yvonne Mitchell</a> (1954)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Katie_Johnson_(English_actress)" title="Katie Johnson (English actress)">Katie Johnson</a> (1955)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Virginia McKenna</a> (1956)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Heather_Sears" title="Heather Sears">Heather Sears</a> (1957)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Irene_Worth" title="Irene Worth">Irene Worth</a> (1958)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Audrey_Hepburn" title="Audrey Hepburn">Audrey Hepburn</a> (1959)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Roberts_(actress)" title="Rachel Roberts (actress)">Rachel Roberts</a> (1960)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dora_Bryan" title="Dora Bryan">Dora Bryan</a> (1961)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Leslie_Caron" title="Leslie Caron">Leslie Caron</a> (1962)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Roberts_(actress)" title="Rachel Roberts (actress)">Rachel Roberts</a> (1963)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Audrey_Hepburn" title="Audrey Hepburn">Audrey Hepburn</a> (1964)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Julie_Christie" title="Julie Christie">Julie Christie</a> (1965)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Taylor" title="Elizabeth Taylor">Elizabeth Taylor</a> (1966)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edith_Evans" title="Edith Evans">Edith Evans</a> (1967)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #BDB76B;width:1%">Foreign</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Simone_Signoret" title="Simone Signoret">Simone Signoret</a> (1952)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Leslie_Caron" title="Leslie Caron">Leslie Caron</a> (1953)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cornell_Borchers" title="Cornell Borchers">Cornell Borchers</a> (1954)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Betsy_Blair" title="Betsy Blair">Betsy Blair</a> (1955)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anna_Magnani" title="Anna Magnani">Anna Magnani</a> (1956)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Simone_Signoret" title="Simone Signoret">Simone Signoret</a> (1957)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Simone_Signoret" title="Simone Signoret">Simone Signoret</a> (1958)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Shirley_MacLaine" title="Shirley MacLaine">Shirley MacLaine</a> (1959)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Shirley_MacLaine" title="Shirley MacLaine">Shirley MacLaine</a> (1960)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sophia_Loren" title="Sophia Loren">Sophia Loren</a> (1961)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anne_Bancroft" title="Anne Bancroft">Anne Bancroft</a> (1962)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Neal" title="Patricia Neal">Patricia Neal</a> (1963)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anne_Bancroft" title="Anne Bancroft">Anne Bancroft</a> (1964)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Neal" title="Patricia Neal">Patricia Neal</a> (1965)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jeanne_Moreau" title="Jeanne Moreau">Jeanne Moreau</a> (1966)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anouk_Aim%C3%A9e" title="Anouk Aimée">Anouk Aimée</a> (1967)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #BDB76B;width:1%">1968–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Katharine_Hepburn" title="Katharine Hepburn">Katharine Hepburn</a> (1968)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maggie_Smith" title="Maggie Smith">Maggie Smith</a> (1969)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Katharine_Ross" title="Katharine Ross">Katharine Ross</a> (1970)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Glenda_Jackson" title="Glenda Jackson">Glenda Jackson</a> (1971)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Liza_Minnelli" title="Liza Minnelli">Liza Minnelli</a> (1972)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Audran" title="Stéphane Audran">Stéphane Audran</a> (1973)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joanne_Woodward" title="Joanne Woodward">Joanne Woodward</a> (1974)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Burstyn" title="Ellen Burstyn">Ellen Burstyn</a> (1975)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Louise_Fletcher" title="Louise Fletcher">Louise Fletcher</a> (1976)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Diane_Keaton" title="Diane Keaton">Diane Keaton</a> (1977)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jane_Fonda" title="Jane Fonda">Jane Fonda</a> (1978)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jane_Fonda" title="Jane Fonda">Jane Fonda</a> (1979)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Judy_Davis" title="Judy Davis">Judy Davis</a> (1980)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Meryl_Streep" title="Meryl Streep">Meryl Streep</a> (1981)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Katharine_Hepburn" title="Katharine Hepburn">Katharine Hepburn</a> (1982)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Julie_Walters" title="Julie Walters">Julie Walters</a> (1983)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maggie_Smith" title="Maggie Smith">Maggie Smith</a> (1984)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Peggy_Ashcroft" title="Peggy Ashcroft">Peggy Ashcroft</a> (1985)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maggie_Smith" title="Maggie Smith">Maggie Smith</a> (1986)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anne_Bancroft" title="Anne Bancroft">Anne Bancroft</a> (1987)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maggie_Smith" title="Maggie Smith">Maggie Smith</a> (1988)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pauline_Collins" title="Pauline Collins">Pauline Collins</a> (1989)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jessica_Tandy" title="Jessica Tandy">Jessica Tandy</a> (1990)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jodie_Foster" title="Jodie Foster">Jodie Foster</a> (1991)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Emma_Thompson" title="Emma Thompson">Emma Thompson</a> (1992)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Holly_Hunter" title="Holly Hunter">Holly Hunter</a> (1993)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Susan_Sarandon" title="Susan Sarandon">Susan Sarandon</a> (1994)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Emma_Thompson" title="Emma Thompson">Emma Thompson</a> (1995)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Brenda_Blethyn" title="Brenda Blethyn">Brenda Blethyn</a> (1996)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Judi_Dench" title="Judi Dench">Judi Dench</a> (1997)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cate_Blanchett" title="Cate Blanchett">Cate Blanchett</a> (1998)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annette_Bening" title="Annette Bening">Annette Bening</a> (1999)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Julia_Roberts" title="Julia Roberts">Julia Roberts</a> (2000)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Judi_Dench" title="Judi Dench">Judi Dench</a> (2001)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nicole_Kidman" title="Nicole Kidman">Nicole Kidman</a> (2002)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Scarlett_Johansson" title="Scarlett Johansson">Scarlett Johansson</a> (2003)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Imelda_Staunton" title="Imelda Staunton">Imelda Staunton</a> (2004)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Reese_Witherspoon" title="Reese Witherspoon">Reese Witherspoon</a> (2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Helen_Mirren" title="Helen Mirren">Helen Mirren</a> (2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marion_Cotillard" title="Marion Cotillard">Marion Cotillard</a> (2007)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kate_Winslet" title="Kate Winslet">Kate Winslet</a> (2008)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carey_Mulligan" title="Carey Mulligan">Carey Mulligan</a> (2009)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Natalie_Portman" title="Natalie Portman">Natalie Portman</a> (2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Meryl_Streep" title="Meryl Streep">Meryl Streep</a> (2011)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Emmanuelle_Riva" title="Emmanuelle Riva">Emmanuelle Riva</a> (2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cate_Blanchett" title="Cate Blanchett">Cate Blanchett</a> (2013)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Julianne_Moore" title="Julianne Moore">Julianne Moore</a> (2014)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Brie_Larson" title="Brie Larson">Brie Larson</a> (2015)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Emma_Stone" title="Emma Stone">Emma Stone</a> (2016)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frances_McDormand" title="Frances McDormand">Frances McDormand</a> (2017)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Olivia_Colman" title="Olivia Colman">Olivia Colman</a> (2018)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9e_Zellweger" title="Renée Zellweger">Renée Zellweger</a> (2019)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frances_McDormand" title="Frances McDormand">Frances McDormand</a> (2020)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joanna_Scanlan" title="Joanna Scanlan">Joanna Scanlan</a> (2021)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cate_Blanchett" title="Cate Blanchett">Cate Blanchett</a> (2022)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Emma_Stone" title="Emma Stone">Emma Stone</a> (2023)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mikey_Madison" title="Mikey Madison">Mikey Madison</a> (2024)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="BAFTA_TV_Award_for_Best_Actress121" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #DFDFC8"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:British_Academy_Television_Award_for_Best_Actress" title="Template:British Academy Television Award for Best Actress"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:British_Academy_Television_Award_for_Best_Actress" title="Template talk:British Academy Television Award for Best Actress"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:British_Academy_Television_Award_for_Best_Actress" title="Special:EditPage/Template:British Academy Television Award for Best Actress"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="BAFTA_TV_Award_for_Best_Actress121" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/British_Academy_Television_Award_for_Best_Actress" title="British Academy Television Award for Best Actress">BAFTA TV Award for Best Actress</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #DFDFC8;width:1%">1955–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Googie_Withers" title="Googie Withers">Googie Withers</a> (1955)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Virginia McKenna</a> (1956)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rosalie_Crutchley" title="Rosalie Crutchley">Rosalie Crutchley</a> (1957)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gwen_Watford" title="Gwen Watford">Gwen Watford</a> (1959)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Lacey" title="Catherine Lacey">Catherine Lacey</a> (1960)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Billie_Whitelaw" title="Billie Whitelaw">Billie Whitelaw</a> (1961)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Dunning" title="Ruth Dunning">Ruth Dunning</a> (1962)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Brenda_Bruce" title="Brenda Bruce">Brenda Bruce</a> (1963)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vivien_Merchant" title="Vivien Merchant">Vivien Merchant</a> (1964)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Katharine_Blake_(actress)" title="Katharine Blake (actress)">Katharine Blake</a> (1965)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gwen_Watford" title="Gwen Watford">Gwen Watford</a> (1966)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vanessa_Redgrave" title="Vanessa Redgrave">Vanessa Redgrave</a> (1967)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Judi_Dench" title="Judi Dench">Judi Dench</a> (1968)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wendy_Craig" title="Wendy Craig">Wendy Craig</a> (1969)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Tyzack" title="Margaret Tyzack">Margaret Tyzack</a> (1970)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annette_Crosbie" title="Annette Crosbie">Annette Crosbie</a> (1971)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Hayes" title="Patricia Hayes">Patricia Hayes</a> (1972)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Billie_Whitelaw" title="Billie Whitelaw">Billie Whitelaw</a> (1973)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Celia_Johnson" title="Celia Johnson">Celia Johnson</a> (1974)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lee_Remick" title="Lee Remick">Lee Remick</a> (1975)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #DFDFC8;width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annette_Crosbie" title="Annette Crosbie">Annette Crosbie</a> (1976)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Si%C3%A2n_Phillips" title="Siân Phillips">Siân Phillips</a> (1977)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Penelope_Keith" title="Penelope Keith">Penelope Keith</a> (1978)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Francesca_Annis" title="Francesca Annis">Francesca Annis</a> (1979)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cheryl_Campbell" title="Cheryl Campbell">Cheryl Campbell</a> (1980)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Peggy_Ashcroft" title="Peggy Ashcroft">Peggy Ashcroft</a> (1981)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Judi_Dench" title="Judi Dench">Judi Dench</a> (1982)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Beryl_Reid" title="Beryl Reid">Beryl Reid</a> (1983)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Coral_Browne" title="Coral Browne">Coral Browne</a> (1984)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Peggy_Ashcroft" title="Peggy Ashcroft">Peggy Ashcroft</a> (1985)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Claire_Bloom" title="Claire Bloom">Claire Bloom</a> (1986)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anna_Massey" title="Anna Massey">Anna Massey</a> (1987)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Emma_Thompson" title="Emma Thompson">Emma Thompson</a> (1988)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thora_Hird" title="Thora Hird">Thora Hird</a> (1989)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Diana_Rigg" title="Diana Rigg">Diana Rigg</a> (1990)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Geraldine_McEwan" title="Geraldine McEwan">Geraldine McEwan</a> (1991)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Helen_Mirren" title="Helen Mirren">Helen Mirren</a> (1992)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Helen_Mirren" title="Helen Mirren">Helen Mirren</a> (1993)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Helen_Mirren" title="Helen Mirren">Helen Mirren</a> (1994)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Juliet_Aubrey" title="Juliet Aubrey">Juliet Aubrey</a> (1995)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Ehle" title="Jennifer Ehle">Jennifer Ehle</a> (1996)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gina_McKee" title="Gina McKee">Gina McKee</a> (1997)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Daniela_Nardini" title="Daniela Nardini">Daniela Nardini</a> (1998)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thora_Hird" title="Thora Hird">Thora Hird</a> (1999)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thora_Hird" title="Thora Hird">Thora Hird</a> (2000)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #DFDFC8;width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Judi_Dench" title="Judi Dench">Judi Dench</a> (2001)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Julie_Walters" title="Julie Walters">Julie Walters</a> (2002)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Julie_Walters" title="Julie Walters">Julie Walters</a> (2003)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Julie_Walters" title="Julie Walters">Julie Walters</a> (2004)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anamaria_Marinca" title="Anamaria Marinca">Anamaria Marinca</a> (2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anna_Maxwell_Martin" title="Anna Maxwell Martin">Anna Maxwell Martin</a> (2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Wood" title="Victoria Wood">Victoria Wood</a> (2007)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eileen_Atkins" title="Eileen Atkins">Eileen Atkins</a> (2008)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anna_Maxwell_Martin" title="Anna Maxwell Martin">Anna Maxwell Martin</a> (2009)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Julie_Walters" title="Julie Walters">Julie Walters</a> (2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vicky_McClure" title="Vicky McClure">Vicky McClure</a> (2011)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Emily_Watson" title="Emily Watson">Emily Watson</a> (2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sheridan_Smith" title="Sheridan Smith">Sheridan Smith</a> (2013)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Olivia_Colman" title="Olivia Colman">Olivia Colman</a> (2014)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Georgina_Campbell" title="Georgina Campbell">Georgina Campbell</a> (2015)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Suranne_Jones" title="Suranne Jones">Suranne Jones</a> (2016)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Lancashire" title="Sarah Lancashire">Sarah Lancashire</a> (2017)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Molly_Windsor" title="Molly Windsor">Molly Windsor</a> (2018)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jodie_Comer" title="Jodie Comer">Jodie Comer</a> (2019)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Glenda_Jackson" title="Glenda Jackson">Glenda Jackson</a> (2020)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michaela_Coel" title="Michaela Coel">Michaela Coel</a> (2021)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jodie_Comer" title="Jodie Comer">Jodie Comer</a> (2022)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kate_Winslet" title="Kate Winslet">Kate Winslet</a> (2023)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Lancashire" title="Sarah Lancashire">Sarah Lancashire</a> (2024)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Laurence_Olivier_Award_for_Best_Actress_in_a_Musical130" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #E0E0E0;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:OlivierAward_MusicalActress" title="Template:OlivierAward MusicalActress"><abbr title="View this 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navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Anna Sharkey (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaine_Paige" title="Elaine Paige">Elaine Paige</a> (1978)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #E0E0E0;;width:1%">Actress</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Virginia McKenna</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemma_Craven" title="Gemma Craven">Gemma Craven</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlin_Glynn" title="Carlin Glynn">Carlin Glynn</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_McKenzie" title="Julia McKenzie">Julia McKenzie</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Dickson" title="Barbara Dickson">Barbara Dickson</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natalia_Makarova" title="Natalia Makarova">Natalia Makarova</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patti_LuPone" title="Patti LuPone">Patti LuPone</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesley_Mackie" title="Lesley Mackie">Lesley Mackie</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nichola_McAuliffe" title="Nichola McAuliffe">Nichola McAuliffe</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Routledge" title="Patricia Routledge">Patricia Routledge</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lea_Salonga" title="Lea Salonga">Lea Salonga</a> (1989/1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imelda_Staunton" title="Imelda Staunton">Imelda Staunton</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelmenia_Fernandez" title="Wilhelmenia Fernandez">Wilhelmenia Fernandez</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joanna_Riding" title="Joanna Riding">Joanna Riding</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_McKenzie" title="Julia McKenzie">Julia McKenzie</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruthie_Henshall" title="Ruthie Henshall">Ruthie Henshall</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judi_Dench" title="Judi Dench">Judi Dench</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Friedman" title="Maria Friedman">Maria Friedman</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ute_Lemper" title="Ute Lemper">Ute Lemper</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophie_Thompson" title="Sophie Thompson">Sophie Thompson</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Dickson" title="Barbara Dickson">Barbara Dickson</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samantha_Spiro" title="Samantha Spiro">Samantha Spiro</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martine_McCutcheon" title="Martine McCutcheon">Martine McCutcheon</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joanna_Riding" title="Joanna Riding">Joanna Riding</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Friedman" title="Maria Friedman">Maria Friedman</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laura_Michelle_Kelly" title="Laura Michelle Kelly">Laura Michelle Kelly</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Krakowski" title="Jane Krakowski">Jane Krakowski</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenna_Russell" title="Jenna Russell">Jenna Russell</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leanne_Jones" title="Leanne Jones">Leanne Jones</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elena_Roger" title="Elena Roger">Elena Roger</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samantha_Spiro" title="Samantha Spiro">Samantha Spiro</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheridan_Smith" title="Sheridan Smith">Sheridan Smith</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleo_Demetriou" title="Cleo Demetriou">Cleo Demetriou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kerry_Ingram" title="Kerry Ingram">Kerry Ingram</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sophia_Kiely" title="Sophia Kiely">Sophia Kiely</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Worthington_Cox" title="Eleanor Worthington Cox">Eleanor Worthington Cox</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imelda_Staunton" title="Imelda Staunton">Imelda Staunton</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zrinka_Cvite%C5%A1i%C4%87" title="Zrinka Cvitešić">Zrinka Cvitešić</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katie_Brayben" title="Katie Brayben">Katie Brayben</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imelda_Staunton" title="Imelda Staunton">Imelda Staunton</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amber_Riley" title="Amber Riley">Amber Riley</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Henderson" title="Shirley Henderson">Shirley Henderson</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharon_D._Clarke" title="Sharon D. Clarke">Sharon D. Clarke</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miriam-Teak_Lee" title="Miriam-Teak Lee">Miriam-Teak Lee</a> (2020)</li> <li>No Ceremony (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessie_Buckley" title="Jessie Buckley">Jessie Buckley</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katie_Brayben" title="Katie Brayben">Katie Brayben</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicole_Scherzinger" title="Nicole Scherzinger">Nicole Scherzinger</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="British_Triple_Crown_winners140" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #BDB76B"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:British_Triple_Crown_of_Acting_winners" title="Template:British Triple Crown of Acting winners"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:British_Triple_Crown_of_Acting_winners" title="Template talk:British Triple Crown of Acting winners"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:British_Triple_Crown_of_Acting_winners" title="Special:EditPage/Template:British Triple Crown of Acting winners"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="British_Triple_Crown_winners140" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Triple_Crown_(UK_entertainment)" title="Triple Crown (UK entertainment)">British Triple Crown winners</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #BDB76B"><div>listed by duration and year of completion</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #BDB76B;width:1%">Competitive BTCs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judi_Dench" title="Judi Dench">Judi Dench</a> (1966–1977)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Virginia McKenna</a> (1955–1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peggy_Ashcroft" title="Peggy Ashcroft">Peggy Ashcroft</a> (1976–1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Hawthorne" title="Nigel Hawthorne">Nigel Hawthorne</a> (1977–1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Bennett" title="Alan Bennett">Alan Bennett</a> (1990–1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Walters" title="Julie Walters">Julie Walters</a> (1984–2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Finney" title="Albert Finney">Albert Finney</a> (1961–2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Branagh" title="Kenneth Branagh">Kenneth Branagh</a> (1982–2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Mirren" title="Helen Mirren">Helen Mirren</a> (1991–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Rylance" title="Mark Rylance">Mark Rylance</a> (1994–2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Daldry" title="Stephen Daldry">Stephen Daldry</a> (1993–2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #BDB76B;width:1%">Honorary recipients</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alec_Guinness" title="Alec Guinness">Alec Guinness</a> (1958–1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Hopkins" title="Anthony Hopkins">Anthony Hopkins</a> (1973–1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanessa_Redgrave" title="Vanessa Redgrave">Vanessa Redgrave</a> (1966–2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maggie_Smith" title="Maggie Smith">Maggie Smith</a> (1970–2010)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Animal_rights398" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Animal_rights" title="Template:Animal rights"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Animal_rights" title="Template talk:Animal rights"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Animal_rights" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Animal rights"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Animal_rights398" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Animal_rights" title="Animal rights">Animal rights</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Topics_(overviews,_concepts,_issues,_cases)398" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Topics (overviews, concepts, issues, cases)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Overviews</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_rights_movement" title="Animal rights movement">Animal rights movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_rights_by_country_or_territory" title="Animal rights by country or territory">Animal rights by country or territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_animal_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarchism and animal rights">Anarchism and animal rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_rights_and_punk_subculture" title="Animal rights and punk subculture">Animal rights and punk subculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_cruelty_and_the_Holocaust_analogy" class="mw-redirect" title="Animal cruelty and the Holocaust analogy">Animal cruelty–Holocaust analogies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_rights_in_Indian_religions" title="Animal rights in Indian religions">Animal rights in Indian religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_animal_rights" title="Christianity and animal rights">Christianity and animal rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_animal_rights" title="History of animal rights">History of animal rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_animal_welfare_conventions" title="List of international animal welfare conventions">List of international animal welfare conventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moral_status_of_animals_in_the_ancient_world" title="Moral status of animals in the ancient world">Moral status of animals in the ancient world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_animal_welfare_and_rights" title="Timeline of animal welfare and rights">Timeline of animal welfare and rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Total_liberation" title="Total liberation">Total liberation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Declaration_on_Animal_Welfare" title="Universal Declaration on Animal Welfare">Universal Declaration on Animal Welfare</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abolitionism_(animal_rights)" title="Abolitionism (animal rights)">Abolitionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahimsa" title="Ahimsa">Ahimsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_cognition" title="Animal cognition">Animal cognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_consciousness" title="Animal consciousness">Animal consciousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_ethics" title="Animal ethics">Animal ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal%E2%80%93industrial_complex" title="Animal–industrial complex">Animal–industrial complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_law" title="Animal law">Animal law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_protectionism" title="Animal protectionism">Animal protectionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_welfare" title="Animal welfare">Animal welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal-free_agriculture" title="Animal-free agriculture">Animal-free agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthrozoology" title="Anthrozoology">Anthrozoology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argument_from_marginal_cases" title="Argument from marginal cases">Argument from marginal cases</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Declaration_on_Consciousness" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge Declaration on Consciousness">Cambridge Declaration on Consciousness</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnism" title="Carnism">Carnism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equal_consideration_of_interests" title="Equal consideration of interests">Equal consideration of interests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emotion_in_animals" title="Emotion in animals">Emotion in animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethics_of_eating_meat" title="Ethics of eating meat">Ethics of eating meat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethics_of_uncertain_sentience" title="Ethics of uncertain sentience">Ethics of uncertain sentience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethology" title="Ethology">Ethology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insects_in_ethics" title="Insects in ethics">Insects in ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intrinsic_value_in_animal_ethics" title="Intrinsic value in animal ethics">Intrinsic value</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_paradox" class="mw-redirect" title="Meat paradox">Meat paradox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moral_circle_expansion" title="Moral circle expansion">Moral circle expansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonviolence" title="Nonviolence">Nonviolence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_rescue" title="Open rescue">Open rescue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_hunting" title="Opposition to hunting">Opposition to hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personism" title="Personism">Personism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Replaceability_argument" title="Replaceability argument">Replaceability argument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentientism" title="Sentientism">Sentientism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speciesism" title="Speciesism">Speciesism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veganism" title="Veganism">Veganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegaphobia" title="Vegaphobia">Vegaphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism" title="Vegetarianism">Vegetarianism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Animal_agriculture" class="mw-redirect" title="Animal agriculture">Animal agriculture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_product" title="Animal product">Animal product</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battery_cage" title="Battery cage">Battery cage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bile_bear" title="Bile bear">Bile bear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chick_culling" title="Chick culling">Chick culling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crocodile_farm" title="Crocodile farm">Crocodile farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concentrated_animal_feeding_operation" title="Concentrated animal feeding operation">Concentrated animal feeding operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_farming" title="Fish farming">Fish farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fur_farming" title="Fur farming">Fur farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fur_trade" title="Fur trade">Fur trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insect_farming" title="Insect farming">Insect farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intensive_animal_farming" title="Intensive animal farming">Intensive animal farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intensive_pig_farming" title="Intensive pig farming">Intensive pig farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livestock" title="Livestock">Livestock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poultry_farming" title="Poultry farming">Poultry farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slaughterhouse" title="Slaughterhouse">Slaughterhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_farming" title="Wildlife farming">Wildlife farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_animal" title="Working animal">Working animal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feedback_(pork_industry)" title="Feedback (pork industry)">Feedback (pork industry)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foam_depopulation" title="Foam depopulation">Foam depopulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ventilation_shutdown" title="Ventilation shutdown">Ventilation shutdown</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Animal_testing" title="Animal testing">Animal testing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternatives_to_animal_testing" title="Alternatives to animal testing">Alternatives to animal testing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_testing_on_non-human_primates" title="Animal testing on non-human primates">Animal testing on non-human primates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_testing_regulations" title="Animal testing regulations">Animal testing regulations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_ape_research_ban" class="mw-redirect" title="Great ape research ban">Great ape research ban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Scare" title="Green Scare">Green Scare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huntingdon_Life_Sciences" title="Huntingdon Life Sciences">Huntingdon Life Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model_organism" title="Model organism">Model organism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nafovanny" title="Nafovanny">Nafovanny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Backfire_(FBI)" title="Operation Backfire (FBI)">Operation Backfire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivisection" title="Vivisection">Vivisection</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Animal_welfare" title="Animal welfare">Animal welfare</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_euthanasia" title="Animal euthanasia">Animal euthanasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruelty_to_animals" title="Cruelty to animals">Cruelty to animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pain_in_animals" title="Pain in animals">Pain in animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pain_in_amphibians" title="Pain in amphibians">Pain in amphibians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pain_in_cephalopods" title="Pain in cephalopods">Pain in cephalopods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pain_in_crustaceans" title="Pain in crustaceans">Pain in crustaceans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pain_in_fish" title="Pain in fish">Pain in fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pain_in_invertebrates" title="Pain in invertebrates">Pain in invertebrates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pain_and_suffering_in_laboratory_animals" class="mw-redirect" title="Pain and suffering in laboratory animals">Pain and suffering in laboratory animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_of_farmed_insects" title="Welfare of farmed insects">Welfare of farmed insects</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fishing" title="Fishing">Fishing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_fishing" title="Commercial fishing">Commercial fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_bait" title="Fishing bait">Fishing bait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recreational_fishing" title="Recreational fishing">Recreational fishing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wild_animals" class="mw-redirect" title="Wild animals">Wild animals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culling_wildlife" class="mw-redirect" title="Culling wildlife">Culling wildlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hare_coursing" title="Hare coursing">Hare coursing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting" title="Hunting">Hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_primate_trade" title="International primate trade">International primate trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivory_trade" title="Ivory trade">Ivory trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Predation_problem" title="Predation problem">Predation problem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seal_hunting" title="Seal hunting">Seal hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_animal_suffering" title="Wild animal suffering">Wild animal suffering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_management" title="Wildlife management">Wildlife management</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abandoned_pets" title="Abandoned pets">Abandoned pets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_sacrifice" title="Animal sacrifice">Animal sacrifice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_slaughter" title="Animal slaughter">Animal slaughter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_trial" title="Animal trial">Animal trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animals_in_sport" title="Animals in sport">Animals in sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live_food" title="Live food">Live food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live_export" title="Live export">Live export</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brown_Dog_affair" title="Brown Dog affair">Brown Dog affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_primates" title="Cambridge University primates">Cambridge University primates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McLibel_case" title="McLibel case">McLibel case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monkey_selfie_copyright_dispute" title="Monkey selfie copyright dispute">Monkey selfie copyright dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pit_of_despair" title="Pit of despair">Pit of despair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty" title="Stop Huntingdon Animal Cruelty">SHAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_Spring_monkeys" title="Silver Spring monkeys">Silver Spring monkeys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Riverside_1985_laboratory_raid" title="University of California, Riverside 1985 laboratory raid">University of California, Riverside 1985 laboratory raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unnecessary_Fuss" title="Unnecessary Fuss">Unnecessary Fuss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_currents" title="War of the currents">War of the currents</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Methodologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Direct_Action_Everywhere" title="Direct Action Everywhere">Direct Action Everywhere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunt_sabotage" title="Hunt sabotage">Hunt sabotage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Observances</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Animal_Day" title="World Animal Day">World Animal Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Day_for_the_End_of_Speciesism" title="World Day for the End of Speciesism">World Day for the End of Speciesism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Day_for_Laboratory_Animals" title="World Day for Laboratory Animals">World Day for Laboratory Animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Day_for_the_End_of_Fishing" title="World Day for the End of Fishing">World Day for the End of Fishing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Advocates_(academics,_writers,_activists)398" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_animal_rights_advocates" title="List of animal rights advocates">Advocates</a> (academics, writers, activists)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics<br />and writers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Contemporary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carol_J._Adams" title="Carol J. Adams">Carol J. Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aysha_Akhtar" title="Aysha Akhtar">Aysha Akhtar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristin_Andrews" title="Kristin Andrews">Kristin Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Beauchamp" title="Tom Beauchamp">Tom Beauchamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Bekoff" title="Marc Bekoff">Marc Bekoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Best" title="Steven Best">Steven Best</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paola_Cavalieri" title="Paola Cavalieri">Paola Cavalieri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_R._L._Clark" title="Stephen R. L. Clark">Stephen R. L. Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alasdair_Cochrane" title="Alasdair Cochrane">Alasdair Cochrane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._M._Coetzee" title="J. M. Coetzee">J. M. Coetzee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Crary" title="Alice Crary">Alice Crary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_DeGrazia" title="David DeGrazia">David DeGrazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Dombrowski" title="Daniel Dombrowski">Daniel Dombrowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sue_Donaldson" title="Sue Donaldson">Sue Donaldson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephine_Donovan" title="Josephine Donovan">Josephine Donovan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Dunayer" title="Joan Dunayer">Joan Dunayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mylan_Engel" title="Mylan Engel">Mylan Engel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catia_Faria" title="Catia Faria">Catia Faria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Finsen" title="Lawrence Finsen">Lawrence Finsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_L._Francione" title="Gary L. Francione">Gary L. Francione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Garner" title="Robert Garner">Robert Garner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Val%C3%A9ry_Giroux" title="Valéry Giroux">Valéry Giroux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lori_Gruen" title="Lori Gruen">Lori Gruen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hadley_(philosopher)" title="John Hadley (philosopher)">John Hadley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Horta" title="Oscar Horta">Oscar Horta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dale_Jamieson" title="Dale Jamieson">Dale Jamieson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyle_Johannsen" title="Kyle Johannsen">Kyle Johannsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanie_Joy" title="Melanie Joy">Melanie Joy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilda_Kean" title="Hilda Kean">Hilda Kean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Will_Kymlicka" title="Will Kymlicka">Will Kymlicka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renan_Larue" title="Renan Larue">Renan Larue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Lepeltier" title="Thomas Lepeltier">Thomas Lepeltier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Linzey" title="Andrew Linzey">Andrew Linzey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clair_Linzey" title="Clair Linzey">Clair Linzey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Lyons" title="Dan Lyons">Dan Lyons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Nibert" title="David Nibert">David Nibert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Nussbaum" title="Martha Nussbaum">Martha Nussbaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clare_Palmer" title="Clare Palmer">Clare Palmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Patterson_(author)" title="Charles Patterson (author)">Charles Patterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Pearce_(philosopher)" title="David Pearce (philosopher)">David Pearce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessica_Pierce" title="Jessica Pierce">Jessica Pierce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evelyn_Pluhar" title="Evelyn Pluhar">Evelyn Pluhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Rowlands" title="Mark Rowlands">Mark Rowlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_D._Ryder" title="Richard D. Ryder">Richard D. Ryder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_F._Sapontzis" title="Steve F. Sapontzis">Steve F. Sapontzis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Sebo" title="Jeff Sebo">Jeff Sebo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Segal" title="Jérôme Segal">Jérôme Segal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Singer" title="Peter Singer">Peter Singer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Steiner" title="Gary Steiner">Gary Steiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cass_Sunstein" title="Cass Sunstein">Cass Sunstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Sztybel" title="David Sztybel">David Sztybel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Tye_(philosopher)" title="Michael Tye (philosopher)">Michael Tye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatjana_Vi%C5%A1ak" title="Tatjana Višak">Tatjana Višak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Waldau" title="Paul Waldau">Paul Waldau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corey_Lee_Wrenn" title="Corey Lee Wrenn">Corey Lee Wrenn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Bentham" title="Jeremy Bentham">Jeremy Bentham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Renaud_Boullier" title="David Renaud Boullier">David Renaud Boullier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_St._C._Bostock" title="Stephen St. C. Bostock">Stephen St. C. Bostock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigid_Brophy" title="Brigid Brophy">Brigid Brophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Buchan" title="Peter Buchan">Peter Buchan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mona_Caird" title="Mona Caird">Mona Caird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priscilla_Cohn" title="Priscilla Cohn">Priscilla Cohn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Crowe_(vicar)" title="Henry Crowe (vicar)">Henry Crowe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herman_Daggett" title="Herman Daggett">Herman Daggett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Dean_(curate)" title="Richard Dean (curate)">Richard Dean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Dietler" title="Wilhelm Dietler">Wilhelm Dietler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Hamilton_Drummond" title="William Hamilton Drummond">William Hamilton Drummond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Payson_Evans" title="Edward Payson Evans">Edward Payson Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._Forster" class="mw-redirect" title="T. Forster">T. Forster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Galsworthy" title="John Galsworthy">John Galsworthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_G._Gentry" title="Thomas G. Gentry">Thomas G. Gentry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Helps" title="Arthur Helps">Arthur Helps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hildrop" title="John Hildrop">John Hildrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Zephaniah_Holwell" title="John Zephaniah Holwell">John Zephaniah Holwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soame_Jenyns" title="Soame Jenyns">Soame Jenyns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Christian_Friedrich_Krause" title="Karl Christian Friedrich Krause">Karl Christian Friedrich Krause</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lawrence_(writer)" title="John Lawrence (writer)">John Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_R._Magel" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles R. Magel">Charles R. Magel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Meslier" title="Jean Meslier">Jean Meslier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Midgley" title="Mary Midgley">Mary Midgley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Howard_Moore" title="J. Howard Moore">J. Howard Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ferrater_Mora" title="José Ferrater Mora">José Ferrater Mora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Nelson" title="Leonard Nelson">Leonard Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Nicholson_(librarian)" title="Edward Nicholson (librarian)">Edward Nicholson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siobhan_O%27Sullivan" title="Siobhan O'Sullivan">Siobhan O'Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rod_Preece" title="Rod Preece">Rod Preece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humphrey_Primatt" title="Humphrey Primatt">Humphrey Primatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Rachels" title="James Rachels">James Rachels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Regan" title="Tom Regan">Tom Regan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Peabody_Rogers" title="Nathaniel Peabody Rogers">Nathaniel Peabody Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Rollin" title="Bernard Rollin">Bernard Rollin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Stephens_Salt" title="Henry Stephens Salt">Henry Stephens Salt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Schopenhauer" title="Arthur Schopenhauer">Arthur Schopenhauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurids_Smith" title="Laurids Smith">Laurids Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Styles" title="John Styles">John Styles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Tryon" title="Thomas Tryon">Thomas Tryon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Varner" title="Gary Varner">Gary Varner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Friedrich_Ludwig_Volckmann" title="Johann Friedrich Ludwig Volckmann">Johann Friedrich Ludwig Volckmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Anne_Warren" title="Mary Anne Warren">Mary Anne Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Gottlieb_Weigen" title="Adam Gottlieb Weigen">Adam Gottlieb Weigen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Heinrich_Winckler" title="Johann Heinrich Winckler">Johann Heinrich Winckler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_M._Wise" title="Steven M. Wise">Steven M. Wise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Wynne-Tyson" title="Jon Wynne-Tyson">Jon Wynne-Tyson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire">Voltaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Young_(animal_welfare_writer)" title="Thomas Young (animal welfare writer)">Thomas Young</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Activists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Contemporary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Aspey" title="James Aspey">James Aspey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Avery" title="Greg Avery">Greg Avery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Ball" title="Matt Ball">Matt Ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Balluch" title="Martin Balluch">Martin Balluch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carole_Baskin" title="Carole Baskin">Carole Baskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbi_Twins" title="Barbi Twins">Barbi Twins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigitte_Bardot" title="Brigitte Bardot">Brigitte Bardot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Baur" title="Gene Baur">Gene Baur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yves_Bonnardel" title="Yves Bonnardel">Yves Bonnardel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joey_Carbstrong" title="Joey Carbstrong">Joey Carbstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aymeric_Caron" title="Aymeric Caron">Aymeric Caron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jake_Conroy" title="Jake Conroy">Jake Conroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rod_Coronado" title="Rod Coronado">Rod Coronado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen_Dawn" title="Karen Dawn">Karen Dawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_DeRose" title="Chris DeRose">Chris DeRose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Feldmann" title="John Feldmann">John Feldmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Friedrich" title="Bruce Friedrich">Bruce Friedrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juliet_Gellatley" title="Juliet Gellatley">Juliet Gellatley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tal_Gilboa" title="Tal Gilboa">Tal Gilboa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Goetschel" title="Antoine Goetschel">Antoine Goetschel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Gold_(activist)" title="Mark Gold (activist)">Mark Gold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigitte_Gothi%C3%A8re" title="Brigitte Gothière">Brigitte Gothière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Hsiung" title="Wayne Hsiung">Wayne Hsiung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Laws" title="Charlotte Laws">Charlotte Laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronnie_Lee" title="Ronnie Lee">Ronnie Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Lyman" title="Howard Lyman">Howard Lyman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evanna_Lynch" title="Evanna Lynch">Evanna Lynch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Maher" title="Bill Maher">Bill Maher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Mann" title="Keith Mann">Keith Mann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Mason_(activist)" title="Jim Mason (activist)">Jim Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Mathews" title="Dan Mathews">Dan Mathews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo-Anne_McArthur" title="Jo-Anne McArthur">Jo-Anne McArthur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu%C3%ADsa_Mell" class="mw-redirect" title="Luísa Mell">Luísa Mell</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Virginia McKenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morrissey" title="Morrissey">Morrissey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingrid_Newkirk" title="Ingrid Newkirk">Ingrid Newkirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heather_Nicholson" title="Heather Nicholson">Heather Nicholson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Norris_(activist)" title="Jack Norris (activist)">Jack Norris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ric_O%27Barry" title="Ric O'Barry">Ric O'Barry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Olivier" title="David Olivier">David Olivier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Pacheco_(activist)" title="Alex Pacheco (activist)">Alex Pacheco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craig_Rosebraugh" title="Craig Rosebraugh">Craig Rosebraugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jasmin_Singer" title="Jasmin Singer">Jasmin Singer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Stallwood" title="Kim Stallwood">Kim Stallwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynda_Stoner" title="Lynda Stoner">Lynda Stoner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marianne_Thieme" title="Marianne Thieme">Marianne Thieme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darren_Thurston" title="Darren Thurston">Darren Thurston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christine_Townend" title="Christine Townend">Christine Townend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendy_Turner-Webster" title="Wendy Turner-Webster">Wendy Turner-Webster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Vlasak" title="Jerry Vlasak">Jerry Vlasak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Wallis" title="Louise Wallis">Louise Wallis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Winters" title="Ed Winters">Ed Winters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Yourofsky" title="Gary Yourofsky">Gary Yourofsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/That_Vegan_Teacher" title="That Vegan Teacher">That Vegan Teacher</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Amory" title="Cleveland Amory">Cleveland Amory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_B._Amos" title="Henry B. Amos">Henry B. Amos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Barker" title="Bob Barker">Bob Barker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Bell_(animal_rights_activist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ernest Bell (animal rights activist)">Ernest Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Brown_(veterinarian)" title="William Brown (veterinarian)">William Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Carrington" title="Edith Carrington">Edith Carrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Power_Cobbe" title="Frances Power Cobbe">Frances Power Cobbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Court" title="Joan Court">Joan Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen_Davis_(activist)" title="Karen Davis (activist)">Karen Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Dixon" title="Royal Dixon">Royal Dixon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muriel_Dowding,_Baroness_Dowding" title="Muriel Dowding, Baroness Dowding">Muriel Dowding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Farians" title="Elizabeth Farians">Elizabeth Farians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emarel_Freshel" title="Emarel Freshel">Emarel Freshel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_G%C3%A9raud" title="André Géraud">André Géraud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Gompertz" title="Lewis Gompertz">Lewis Gompertz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Granger" title="James Granger">James Granger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Horne_(activist)" title="Barry Horne (activist)">Barry Horne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Huot" title="Marie Huot">Marie Huot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lizzy_Lind_af_Hageby" title="Lizzy Lind af Hageby">Lizzy Lind af Hageby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessie_Mackay" title="Jessie Mackay">Jessie Mackay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Mansfield_Mitchell" title="Alfred Mansfield Mitchell">Alfred Mansfield Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Isaac_Pengelly" title="J. Isaac Pengelly">J. Isaac Pengelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norm_Phelps" title="Norm Phelps">Norm Phelps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Jill_Phipps" title="Death of Jill Phipps">Jill Phipps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maud_Ingersoll_Probasco" title="Maud Ingersoll Probasco">Maud Ingersoll Probasco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Ruesch" title="Hans Ruesch">Hans Ruesch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nell_Shipman" title="Nell Shipman">Nell Shipman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Spira" title="Henry Spira">Henry Spira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stratton_(clergyman)" title="Joseph Stratton (clergyman)">Joseph Stratton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Tyler" title="Andrew Tyler">Andrew Tyler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gretchen_Wyler" title="Gretchen Wyler">Gretchen Wyler</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Movement_(groups,_parties)398" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Animal_rights_movement" title="Animal rights movement">Movement</a> (groups, parties)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Contemporary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Anti-Vivisection_Society" title="American Anti-Vivisection Society">American Anti-Vivisection Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Aid" title="Animal Aid">Animal Aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Ethics_(organization)" title="Animal Ethics (organization)">Animal Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Justice_(organization)" title="Animal Justice (organization)">Animal Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Justice_Project" title="Animal Justice Project">Animal Justice Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Legal_Defense_Fund" title="Animal Legal Defense Fund">Animal Legal Defense Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Liberation_(organisation)" title="Animal Liberation (organisation)">Animal Liberation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Liberation_Front" title="Animal Liberation Front">Animal Liberation Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Rising" title="Animal Rising">Animal Rising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AnimaNaturalis" title="AnimaNaturalis">AnimaNaturalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Vivisection_Coalition" title="Anti-Vivisection Coalition">Anti-Vivisection Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anonymous_for_the_Voiceless" title="Anonymous for the Voiceless">Anonymous for the Voiceless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beauty_Without_Cruelty" title="Beauty Without Cruelty">Beauty Without Cruelty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Born_Free_Foundation" title="Born Free Foundation">Born Free Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Animals_and_Social_Justice" title="Centre for Animals and Social Justice">Centre for Animals and Social Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Animal_Protection_Network" title="Chinese Animal Protection Network">Chinese Animal Protection Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruelty_Free_International" title="Cruelty Free International">Cruelty Free International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_Action_Everywhere" title="Direct Action Everywhere">Direct Action Everywhere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctors_Against_Animal_Experiments" title="Doctors Against Animal Experiments">Doctors Against Animal Experiments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equanimal" title="Equanimal">Equanimal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Every_Animal" title="Every Animal">Every Animal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farm_Animal_Rights_Movement" title="Farm Animal Rights Movement">Farm Animal Rights Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faunalytics" title="Faunalytics">Faunalytics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Ape_Project" title="Great Ape Project">Great Ape Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunt_Saboteurs_Association" title="Hunt Saboteurs Association">Hunt Saboteurs Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_Defense_of_Animals" title="In Defense of Animals">In Defense of Animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea_Animal_Rights_Advocates" title="Korea Animal Rights Advocates">Korea Animal Rights Advocates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L214" title="L214">L214</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_Chance_for_Animals" title="Last Chance for Animals">Last Chance for Animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Animal_Rights_Coalition" title="Massachusetts Animal Rights Coalition">Massachusetts Animal Rights Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercy_for_Animals" title="Mercy for Animals">Mercy for Animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Centre_for_Animal_Ethics" title="Oxford Centre for Animal Ethics">Oxford Centre for Animal Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_for_the_Ethical_Treatment_of_Animals" title="People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals">People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rise_for_Animals" title="Rise for Animals">Rise for Animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentience_Politics" title="Sentience Politics">Sentience Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncaged_Campaigns" title="Uncaged Campaigns">Uncaged Campaigns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Activists_for_Animal_Rights" title="United Activists for Animal Rights">United Activists for Animal Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Poultry_Concerns" title="United Poultry Concerns">United Poultry Concerns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UPF-Centre_for_Animal_Ethics" title="UPF-Centre for Animal Ethics">UPF-Centre for Animal Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viva!_(organisation)" title="Viva! (organisation)">Viva!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_for_Animals_Humane_Society" title="Voice for Animals Humane Society">Voice for Animals Humane Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_(animal_rights_group)" title="Voiceless (animal rights group)">Voiceless</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Anti-Vivisection_Society" title="Canadian Anti-Vivisection Society">Canadian Anti-Vivisection Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_League" title="Humanitarian League">Humanitarian League</a> (1891–1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millennium_Guild" class="mw-redirect" title="Millennium Guild">Millennium Guild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Golden_Age" title="Order of the Golden Age">Order of the Golden Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Group_(animal_rights)" title="Oxford Group (animal rights)">Oxford Group</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Justice_Party" title="Animal Justice Party">Animal Justice Party</a> (Australia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Politics_EU" title="Animal Politics EU">Animal Politics EU</a> (Europe)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Protection_Party_of_Canada" title="Animal Protection Party of Canada">Animal Protection Party of Canada</a> (Canada)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Justice_Party_of_Finland" title="Animal Justice Party of Finland">Animal Justice Party of Finland</a> (Finland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animals%27_Party" title="Animals' Party">Animals' Party</a> (Sweden)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animalist_Movement" title="Animalist Movement">Animalist Movement</a> (Italy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animalist_Party_with_the_Environment" title="Animalist Party with the Environment">Animalist Party with the Environment</a> (Spain)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DierAnimal" title="DierAnimal">DierAnimal</a> (Belgium)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Environment_Animal_Protection_Party" title="Human Environment Animal Protection Party">Human Environment Animal Protection Party</a> (Germany)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Animalist_Party" title="Italian Animalist Party">Italian Animalist Party</a> (Italy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_for_the_Animals" title="Party for the Animals">Party for the Animals</a> (Netherlands)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_Animals_Nature" title="People Animals Nature">People Animals Nature</a> (Portugal)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/V-Partei3" title="V-Partei3">V-Partei³</a> (Germany)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Activism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Rights_National_Conference" title="Animal Rights National Conference">Animal Rights National Conference</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Media_(books,_films,_periodicals,_albums)398" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Media (books, films, periodicals, albums)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/On_Abstinence_from_Eating_Animals" title="On Abstinence from Eating Animals">On Abstinence from Eating Animals</a></i> (3rd century)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/An_Essay_on_Humanity_to_Animals" title="An Essay on Humanity to Animals">An Essay on Humanity to Animals</a></i> (1798)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moral_Inquiries_on_the_Situation_of_Man_and_of_Brutes" title="Moral Inquiries on the Situation of Man and of Brutes">Moral Inquiries on the Situation of Man and of Brutes</a></i> (1824)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Rights_of_Animals" class="mw-redirect" title="The Rights of Animals">The Rights of Animals</a></i> (1838)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Ethics_of_Diet" title="The Ethics of Diet">The Ethics of Diet</a></i> (1883)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Animals%27_Rights" title="Animals' Rights">Animals' Rights</a></i> (1892)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Evolutional_Ethics_and_Animal_Psychology" title="Evolutional Ethics and Animal Psychology">Evolutional Ethics and Animal Psychology</a></i> (1897)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Better-World_Philosophy" title="Better-World Philosophy">Better-World Philosophy</a></i> (1899)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Universal_Kinship" title="The Universal Kinship">The Universal Kinship</a></i> (1906)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Ethics" title="The New Ethics">The New Ethics</a></i> (1907)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Animals,_Men_and_Morals" title="Animals, Men and Morals">Animals, Men and Morals</a></i> (1971)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Animal_Liberation_(book)" title="Animal Liberation (book)">Animal Liberation</a></i> (1975)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Case_for_Animal_Rights" title="The Case for Animal Rights">The Case for Animal Rights</a></i> (1983)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Morals,_Reason,_and_Animals" title="Morals, Reason, and Animals">Morals, Reason, and Animals</a></i> (1987)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zoos_and_Animal_Rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoos and Animal Rights">Zoos and Animal Rights</a></i> (1993)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Animals,_Property,_and_the_Law" title="Animals, Property, and the Law">Animals, Property, and the Law</a></i> (1995)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lives_of_Animals" title="The Lives of Animals">The Lives of Animals</a></i> (1999)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eternal_Treblinka" title="Eternal Treblinka">Eternal Treblinka</a></i> (2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Do_Animals_Have_Rights%3F_(book)" class="mw-redirect" title="Do Animals Have Rights? (book)">Do Animals Have Rights?</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Striking_at_the_Roots" title="Striking at the Roots">Striking at the Roots</a></i> (2008)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/An_American_Trilogy_(book)" title="An American Trilogy (book)">An American Trilogy</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/An_Introduction_to_Animals_and_Political_Theory" title="An Introduction to Animals and Political Theory">An Introduction to Animals and Political Theory</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Animal_Rights_Without_Liberation" title="Animal Rights Without Liberation">Animal Rights Without Liberation</a></i> (2012)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Political_Animals_and_Animal_Politics" title="Political Animals and Animal Politics">Political Animals and Animal Politics</a></i> (2014)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Animal_(De)liberation" title="Animal (De)liberation">Animal (De)liberation</a></i> (2016)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sentientist_Politics" title="Sentientist Politics">Sentientist Politics</a></i> (2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wild_Animal_Ethics" title="Wild Animal Ethics">Wild Animal Ethics</a></i> (2020)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Animal_Ethics_in_the_Wild" title="Animal Ethics in the Wild">Animal Ethics in the Wild</a></i> (2022)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Making_a_Stand_for_Animals" title="Making a Stand for Animals">Making a Stand for Animals</a></i> (2022)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Animal_Rights_Law" title="Animal Rights Law">Animal Rights Law</a></i> (2023)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Moral_Circle" title="The Moral Circle">The Moral Circle</a></i> (2025)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Animals_Film" title="The Animals Film">The Animals Film</a></i> (1981)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Cow_at_My_Table" title="A Cow at My Table">A Cow at My Table</a></i> (1998)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shores_of_Silence" title="Shores of Silence">Shores of Silence</a></i> (2000)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Witness_(2000_film)" title="The Witness (2000 film)">The Witness</a></i> (2000)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Meet_Your_Meat" title="Meet Your Meat">Meet Your Meat</a></i> (2002)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Legally_Blonde_2:_Red,_White_%26_Blonde" title="Legally Blonde 2: Red, White & Blonde">Legally Blonde 2</a></i> (2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Meatrix" title="The Meatrix">The Meatrix</a></i> (2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Peaceable_Kingdom_(film)" title="Peaceable Kingdom (film)">Peaceable Kingdom</a></i> (2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Earthlings_(film)" title="Earthlings (film)">Earthlings</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Behind_the_Mask_(2006_film)" title="Behind the Mask (2006 film)">Behind the Mask</a></i> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Your_Mommy_Kills_Animals" title="Your Mommy Kills Animals">Your Mommy Kills Animals</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Food,_Inc." title="Food, Inc.">Food, Inc.</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Cove_(film)" title="The Cove (film)">The Cove</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Peaceable_Kingdom:_The_Journey_Home" title="Peaceable Kingdom: The Journey Home">Peaceable Kingdom: The Journey Home</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Forks_Over_Knives" title="Forks Over Knives">Forks Over Knives</a></i> (2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vegucated" title="Vegucated">Vegucated</a></i> (2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/An_Apology_to_Elephants" title="An Apology to Elephants">An Apology to Elephants</a></i> (2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Speciesism:_The_Movie" title="Speciesism: The Movie">Speciesism: The Movie</a></i> (2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Ghosts_in_Our_Machine" title="The Ghosts in Our Machine">The Ghosts in Our Machine</a></i> (2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Unlocking_the_Cage" title="Unlocking the Cage">Unlocking the Cage</a></i> (2016)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Land_of_Hope_and_Glory_(film,_2017)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Land of Hope and Glory (film, 2017) (page does not exist)">Land of Hope and Glory</a></i> (2017)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Carnage_(2017_film)" title="Carnage (2017 film)">Carnage</a></i> (2017)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Okja" title="Okja">Okja</a></i> (2017)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dominion_(2018_film)" title="Dominion (2018 film)">Dominion</a></i> (2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Seaspiracy" title="Seaspiracy">Seaspiracy</a></i> (2021)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Periodicals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Journals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Animal_Sentience_(journal)" title="Animal Sentience (journal)">Animal Sentience</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Between_the_Species" title="Between the Species">Between the Species</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cahiers_antisp%C3%A9cistes" title="Cahiers antispécistes">Cahiers antispécistes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Etica_%26_Animali" title="Etica & Animali">Etica & Animali</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Animal_Ethics" title="Journal of Animal Ethics">Journal of Animal Ethics</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Relations._Beyond_Anthropocentrism" title="Relations. Beyond Anthropocentrism">Relations. Beyond Anthropocentrism</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Animals%27_Defender" class="mw-redirect" title="The Animals' Defender">The Animals' Defender</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Magazines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Arkangel_(magazine)" title="Arkangel (magazine)">Arkangel</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bite_Back" title="Bite Back">Bite Back</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Muutoksen_kev%C3%A4t" title="Muutoksen kevät">Muutoksen kevät</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/No_Compromise_(magazine)" title="No Compromise (magazine)">No Compromise</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Satya_(magazine)" title="Satya (magazine)">Satya</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_songs_about_animal_rights" title="List of songs about animal rights">Albums</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Animal_Liberation_(album)" title="Animal Liberation (album)">Animal Liberation</a></i> (1987)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tame_Yourself" title="Tame Yourself">Tame Yourself</a></i> (1991)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Manifesto_(Deadlock_album)" title="Manifesto (Deadlock album)">Manifesto</a></i> (2008)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Salvation_of_Innocents" title="Salvation of Innocents">Salvation of Innocents</a></i> (2014)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Onward_to_Freedom" title="Onward to Freedom">Onward to Freedom</a></i> (2014)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fairs and exhibitions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Holocaust_on_your_Plate" title="Holocaust on your Plate">Holocaust on your Plate</a></i> (2003)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Animal_rights" title="Category:Animal rights">Category</a> <small style="">( 139 )</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269872#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1967" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269872#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1967" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000114801333">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/111832402">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/75346/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJrgGBPf63tJ3ghyxHQg8C">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/139856730">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81074385">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb142054309">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb142054309">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=pna2004259346&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p119848511">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810639346805606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007429426405171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/32017e9d-57d6-414a-a8aa-b6503e5d4988">MusicBrainz</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.performing-arts.eu/discovery/agent/gnd_139856730">FID</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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