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လျှပ်စစ်အင်ဂျင်နီယာ ဘာသာရပ် - ဝီကီပီးဒီးယား
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သင်ဘာလုပ်ပေးနိုင်သည် နှင့် ဘယ်နေရာတွင် ရှာဖွေရန်များ"><span>ပေါင်းကူးနေရာ</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AE%E1%80%80%E1%80%AE%E1%80%95%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%92%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8:%E1%80%96%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%B0%E1%80%8A%E1%80%AE%E1%80%80%E1%80%AD%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC"><span>ဖိုင်တင်ရန်</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%E1%80%97%E1%80%9F%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%85%E1%80%AC%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AC" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="ဝီကီပီးဒီးယား" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-my.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.4375em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-my.svg" width="120" height="16" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%91%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8:%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AC%E1%80%96%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B1%E1%80%9B%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="ဝီကီပီးဒီးယားတွင် ရှာဖွေရန် [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>ရှာဖွေရန်</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="ဝီကီပီးဒီးယား တွင် ရှာဖွေရန်" aria-label="ဝီကီပီးဒီးယား တွင် ရှာဖွေရန်" autocapitalize="sentences" title="ဝီကီပီးဒီးယားတွင် ရှာဖွေရန် [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="အထူး:ရှာဖွေရန်"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">ရှာဖွေရန်</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="ကိုယ်ပိုင် ကိရိယာများ"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="ပုံပန်းသွင်ပြင်"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ပုံပန်းသွင်ပြင်" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ပုံပန်းသွင်ပြင်</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=my.wikipedia.org&uselang=my" class=""><span>လှူဒါန်းမှု</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%A1%E1%80%91%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8:%E1%80%A1%E1%80%80%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%B7%E1%80%BA%E1%80%96%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA&returnto=%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BB%E1%80%BE%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%A1%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC+%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9B%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA" title="အကောင့်တစ်ခုကို ဖန်တီးပြီး ဝင်ရောက်ရန် သင့်အား တိုက်တွန်းပါသည်။ သို့သော် မဖြစ်မနေ မဟုတ်ပါ။" class=""><span>အကောင့် ဖန်တီးရန်</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%A1%E1%80%91%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8:UserLogin&returnto=%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BB%E1%80%BE%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%A1%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC+%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9B%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA" title="သင့်အား အကောင့်ဝင်ရန် တိုက်တွန်းပါသည်။ သို့သော် မဖြစ်မနေ လုပ်ဆောင်ရန် မဟုတ်ပါ။ [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>အကောင့်ဝင်ရန်</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="နောက်ထပ် ရွေးချယ်စရာများ" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ကိုယ်ပိုင် ကိရိယာများ" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ကိုယ်ပိုင် ကိရိယာများ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="အသုံးပြုသူ မီနူး" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=my.wikipedia.org&uselang=my"><span>လှူဒါန်းမှု</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%A1%E1%80%91%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8:%E1%80%A1%E1%80%80%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%B7%E1%80%BA%E1%80%96%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA&returnto=%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BB%E1%80%BE%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%A1%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC+%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9B%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA" title="အကောင့်တစ်ခုကို ဖန်တီးပြီး ဝင်ရောက်ရန် သင့်အား တိုက်တွန်းပါသည်။ သို့သော် မဖြစ်မနေ မဟုတ်ပါ။"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>အကောင့် ဖန်တီးရန်</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%A1%E1%80%91%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8:UserLogin&returnto=%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BB%E1%80%BE%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%A1%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC+%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9B%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA" title="သင့်အား အကောင့်ဝင်ရန် တိုက်တွန်းပါသည်။ သို့သော် မဖြစ်မနေ လုပ်ဆောင်ရန် မဟုတ်ပါ။ [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>အကောင့်ဝင်ရန်</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ထွက်ပြီးသား တည်းဖြတ်သူများအတွက် စာမျက်နှာများ <a href="/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%80%E1%80%B0%E1%80%A1%E1%80%8A%E1%80%AE:%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%86%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA" aria-label="တည်းဖြတ်ခြင်းအကြောင်း ပိုမိုလေ့လာရန်"><span>ပိုမို လေ့လာရန်</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%91%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8:%E1%80%80%E1%80%BB%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%AF%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%81%8F%E1%80%86%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BD%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="ဤအိုင်ပီလိပ်စာမှ ပြုလုပ်ထားသော တည်းဖြတ်မှုများ၏ စာရင်း [y]" accesskey="y"><span>ဆောင်ရွက်ချက်များ</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%91%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8:%E1%80%80%E1%80%BB%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%AF%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%81%8F%E1%80%86%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA" title="ဤအိုင်ပီလိပ်စာမှ တည်းဖြတ်မှုများအကြောင်း ဆွေးနွေးချက် [n]" accesskey="n"><span>ဆွေးနွေးရန်</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="ဆိုဒ်"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="မာတိကာ" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">မာတိကာ</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ဘေးဘားသို့ရွှေ့ပါ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ဝှက်ရန်</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">အစပိုင်း</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-သမိုင်းကြောင်း" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#သမိုင်းကြောင်း"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">၁</span> <span>သမိုင်းကြောင်း</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-သမိုင်းကြောင်း-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ပညာရပ်ခွဲများ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ပညာရပ်ခွဲများ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">၂</span> <span>ပညာရပ်ခွဲများ</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-ပညာရပ်ခွဲများ-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle ပညာရပ်ခွဲများ subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-ပညာရပ်ခွဲများ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-လျှပ်စစ်စွမ်းအား" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#လျှပ်စစ်စွမ်းအား"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">၂.၁</span> <span>လျှပ်စစ်စွမ်းအား</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-လျှပ်စစ်စွမ်းအား-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ထိန်းချုပ်ရေးပညာ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ထိန်းချုပ်ရေးပညာ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">၂.၂</span> <span>ထိန်းချုပ်ရေးပညာ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ထိန်းချုပ်ရေးပညာ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-အီလက်ထရွန်းနစ်" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#အီလက်ထရွန်းနစ်"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">၂.၃</span> <span>အီလက်ထရွန်းနစ်</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-အီလက်ထရွန်းနစ်-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-မိုက္ကရိုအီလက်ထရွန်းနစ်" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#မိုက္ကရိုအီလက်ထရွန်းနစ်"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">၂.၄</span> <span>မိုက္ကရိုအီလက်ထရွန်းနစ်</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-မိုက္ကရိုအီလက်ထရွန်းနစ်-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ဆစ်ဂနယ်သခြင်း" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ဆစ်ဂနယ်သခြင်း"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">၂.၅</span> <span>ဆစ်ဂနယ်သခြင်း</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ဆစ်ဂနယ်သခြင်း-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-အဝေးဆက်သွယ်ရေး" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#အဝေးဆက်သွယ်ရေး"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">၂.၆</span> <span>အဝေးဆက်သွယ်ရေး</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-အဝေးဆက်သွယ်ရေး-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ကိရိယာများ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ကိရိယာများ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">၂.၇</span> <span>ကိရိယာများ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ကိရိယာများ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ကွန်ပျူတာများ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ကွန်ပျူတာများ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">၂.၈</span> <span>ကွန်ပျူတာများ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ကွန်ပျူတာများ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ကိုးကား" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ကိုးကား"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">၃</span> <span>ကိုးကား</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ကိုးကား-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ပြင်ပလင့်ခ်များ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ပြင်ပလင့်ခ်များ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">၄</span> <span>ပြင်ပလင့်ခ်များ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ပြင်ပလင့်ခ်များ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="မာတိကာ" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">လျှပ်စစ်အင်ဂျင်နီယာ ဘာသာရပ်</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in ၁၀၂ languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-102" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">၁၀၂ ဘာသာစကားများ ၁၀၂ ခု</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektroniese_ingenieurswese" title="Elektroniese ingenieurswese – အာဖရိကန်" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Elektroniese ingenieurswese" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="အာဖရိကန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrotechnik" title="Elektrotechnik – ဆွစ် ဂျာမန်" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Elektrotechnik" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="ဆွစ် ဂျာမန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A4%E1%88%8C%E1%8A%AD%E1%89%B5%E1%88%AA%E1%8A%AD_%E1%88%9D%E1%88%85%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B5%E1%88%B5%E1%8A%93" title="ኤሌክትሪክ ምህንድስና – အမ်ဟာရစ်ခ်" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኤሌክትሪክ ምህንድስና" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="အမ်ဟာရစ်ခ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A1" title="هندسة الكهرباء – အာရဗီ" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هندسة الكهرباء" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="အာရဗီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%88%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%80" title="বৈদ্যুতিক অভিযান্ত্ৰিকী – အာသံ" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="বৈদ্যুতিক অভিযান্ত্ৰিকী" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="အာသံ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inxenier%C3%ADa_ll%C3%A9trica" title="Inxeniería llétrica – အက်စ်တိုးရီးယား" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Inxeniería llétrica" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="အက်စ်တိုးရီးယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrik_m%C3%BCh%C9%99ndisliyi" title="Elektrik mühəndisliyi – အဇာဘိုင်ဂျန်" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Elektrik mühəndisliyi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="အဇာဘိုင်ဂျန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Электротехника – ဘက်ရှ်ကာ" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Электротехника" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="ဘက်ရှ်ကာ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrotechnik" title="Elektrotechnik – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Elektrotechnik" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inhinyeriyang_elektrikal" title="Inhinyeriyang elektrikal – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Inhinyeriyang elektrikal" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%85%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Электратэхніка – ဘီလာရုစ်" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Электратэхніка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="ဘီလာရုစ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%85%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Электратэхніка – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Электратэхніка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Електроинженерство – ဘူလ်ဂေးရီးယား" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Електроинженерство" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="ဘူလ်ဂေးရီးယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="ဆောင်းပါးကောင်းတံဆိပ်"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%8E_%E0%A6%93_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%88%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8C%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%B2" title="তড়িৎ ও বৈদ্যুতিন প্রকৌশল – ဘင်္ဂါလီ" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তড়িৎ ও বৈদ্যুতিন প্রকৌশল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="ဘင်္ဂါလီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrotehnika" title="Elektrotehnika – ဘော့စ်နီးယား" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Elektrotehnika" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="ဘော့စ်နီးယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrot%C3%A8cnia" title="Electrotècnia – ကတ်တလန်" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Electrotècnia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="ကတ်တလန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%95%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="ئەندازیاریی کارەبا – ဗဟိုဒေသသုံး ကဒ်ဘာသာ" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئەندازیاریی کارەبا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="ဗဟိုဒေသသုံး ကဒ်ဘာသာ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrotechnika" title="Elektrotechnika – ချက်" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Elektrotechnika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ချက်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektroteknik" title="Elektroteknik – ဒိန်းမတ်" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Elektroteknik" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="ဒိန်းမတ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrotechnik" title="Elektrotechnik – ဂျာမန်" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Elektrotechnik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="ဂျာမန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_engineering" title="Electrical engineering – အင်္ဂလိပ်" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Electrical engineering" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="အင်္ဂလိပ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrotekniko" title="Elektrotekniko – အက်စ်ပရန်တို" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Elektrotekniko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="အက်စ်ပရန်တို" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingenier%C3%ADa_el%C3%A9ctrica" title="Ingeniería eléctrica – စပိန်" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ingeniería eléctrica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="စပိန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrotehnika" title="Elektrotehnika – အက်စ်တိုးနီးယား" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Elektrotehnika" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="အက်စ်တိုးနီးယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingeniaritza_elektriko" title="Ingeniaritza elektriko – ဘာစ်ခ်" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ingeniaritza elektriko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="ဘာစ်ခ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%82" title="مهندسی برق – ပါရှန်" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مهندسی برق" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="ပါရှန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A4hk%C3%B6tekniikka" title="Sähkötekniikka – ဖင်လန်" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sähkötekniikka" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ဖင်လန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lectrotechnique" title="Électrotechnique – ပြင်သစ်" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Électrotechnique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ပြင်သစ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrotechnyk" title="Elektrotechnyk – အနောက် ဖရီစီရန်" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Elektrotechnyk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="အနောက် ဖရီစီရန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innealt%C3%B3ireacht_leictreach" title="Innealtóireacht leictreach – အိုင်းရစ်ရှ်" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Innealtóireacht leictreach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="အိုင်းရစ်ရှ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%A6%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AF%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%A4_%E0%AA%87%E0%AA%9C%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%80" title="વિદ્યુત ઇજનેરી – ဂူဂျာရသီ" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="વિદ્યુત ઇજનેરી" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="ဂူဂျာရသီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%A1%D7%AA_%D7%97%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%9C" title="הנדסת חשמל – ဟီဘရူး" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הנדסת חשמל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ဟီဘရူး" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="विद्युत अभियान्त्रिकी – ဟိန်ဒူ" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विद्युत अभियान्त्रिकी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ဟိန်ဒူ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrotehnika" title="Elektrotehnika – ခရိုအေးရှား" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Elektrotehnika" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="ခရိုအေးရှား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villamosm%C3%A9rn%C3%B6k" title="Villamosmérnök – ဟန်ဂေရီ" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Villamosmérnök" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ဟန်ဂေရီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrotechnica" title="Electrotechnica – အင်တာလင်ဂွါ" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Electrotechnica" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="အင်တာလင်ဂွါ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teknik_listrik" title="Teknik listrik – အင်ဒိုနီးရှား" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Teknik listrik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="အင်ဒိုနီးရှား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafmagnsverkfr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Rafmagnsverkfræði – အိုက်စ်လန်" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Rafmagnsverkfræði" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="အိုက်စ်လန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elettrotecnica" title="Elettrotecnica – အီတလီ" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Elettrotecnica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="အီတလီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E6%B0%97%E5%B7%A5%E5%AD%A6" title="電気工学 – ဂျပန်" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="電気工学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ဂျပန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/dikca_mi%27irlarcu" title="dikca mi'irlarcu – လိုဂျ်ဘန်" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="dikca mi'irlarcu" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="လိုဂျ်ဘန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="ელექტროტექნიკა – ဂျော်ဂျီယာ" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ელექტროტექნიკა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="ဂျော်ဂျီယာ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Электртехника – ကာဇာချ" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Электртехника" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="ကာဇာချ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EA%B8%B0%EA%B3%B5%ED%95%99" title="전기공학 – ကိုရီးယား" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="전기공학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="ကိုရီးယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endezyariya_elektr%C3%AEk%C3%AA" title="Endezyariya elektrîkê – ကဒ်" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Endezyariya elektrîkê" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="ကဒ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Электротехника – ကာဂျစ်" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Электротехника" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="ကာဂျစ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ars_electrica" title="Ars electrica – လက်တင်" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ars electrica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="လက်တင်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrotechnik" title="Elektrotechnik – လူဇင်ဘတ်" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Elektrotechnik" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="လူဇင်ဘတ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eletrotecnega" title="Eletrotecnega – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Eletrotecnega" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrotechnika" title="Elektrotechnika – လစ်သူဝေးနီးယား" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Elektrotechnika" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="လစ်သူဝေးနီးယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrotehnika" title="Elektrotehnika – လတ်ဗီးယား" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Elektrotehnika" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="လတ်ဗီးယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teknik_listrik" title="Teknik listrik – စူကူမီနန်" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Teknik listrik" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="စူကူမီနန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Електротехника – မက်ဆီဒိုးနီးယား" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Електротехника" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="မက်ဆီဒိုးနီးယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%8E%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D" title="ഇലക്ട്രിക്കൽ എൻജിനീയറിംഗ് – မလေယာလမ်" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഇലക്ട്രിക്കൽ എൻജിനീയറിംഗ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="မလေယာလမ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Цахилгаан техник – မွန်ဂိုလီးယား" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Цахилгаан техник" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="မွန်ဂိုလီးယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="विद्युत अभियांत्रिकी – မာရသီ" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="विद्युत अभियांत्रिकी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="မာရသီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kejuruteraan_elektrik" title="Kejuruteraan elektrik – မလေး" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kejuruteraan elektrik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="မလေး" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrotechnik" title="Elektrotechnik – အနိမ့် ဂျာမန်" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Elektrotechnik" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="အနိမ့် ဂျာမန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%99" title="विद्युतीय इन्जिनियरिङ – နီပေါ" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="विद्युतीय इन्जिनियरिङ" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="နီပေါ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrotechniek" title="Elektrotechniek – ဒတ်ခ်ျ" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Elektrotechniek" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ဒတ်ခ်ျ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrofag" title="Elektrofag – နော်ဝေ နီးနောစ်" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Elektrofag" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="နော်ဝေ နီးနောစ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektroteknikk" title="Elektroteknikk – နော်ဝေ ဘွတ်ခ်မော်လ်" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Elektroteknikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="နော်ဝေ ဘွတ်ခ်မော်လ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A4hk%C3%B6tehniekku" title="Sähkötehniekku – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Sähkötehniekku" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A6%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%A4%E0%AD%8D_%E0%AC%93_%E0%AC%85%E0%AC%AD%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A6%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%A4%E0%AD%8D_%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%99%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A4%E0%AD%80%E0%AD%9F_%E0%AC%AC%E0%AD%88%E0%AC%B7%E0%AD%9F%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%95_%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%9C%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9E%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8" title="ବିଦ୍ୟୁତ୍ ଓ ଅଭିବିଦ୍ୟୁତ୍ ସଙ୍କ୍ରାନ୍ତୀୟ ବୈଷୟିକ ବିଜ୍ଞାନ – အိုရီရာ" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ବିଦ୍ୟୁତ୍ ଓ ଅଭିବିଦ୍ୟୁତ୍ ସଙ୍କ୍ରାନ୍ତୀୟ ବୈଷୟିକ ବିଜ୍ଞାନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="အိုရီရာ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%88%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B2_%E0%A8%87%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97" title="ਇਲੈੱਕਟ੍ਰਿਕਲ ਇੰਜੀਨੀਅਰਿੰਗ – ပန်ချာပီ" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਇਲੈੱਕਟ੍ਰਿਕਲ ਇੰਜੀਨੀਅਰਿੰਗ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="ပန်ချာပီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrotechnika" title="Elektrotechnika – ပိုလန်" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Elektrotechnika" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="ပိုလန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%90%DA%9A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="برېښنايي انجنيري – ပက်ရှ်တွန်း" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="برېښنايي انجنيري" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="ပက်ရှ်တွန်း" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engenharia_el%C3%A9trica" title="Engenharia elétrica – ပေါ်တူဂီ" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Engenharia elétrica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="ပေါ်တူဂီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrotehnic%C4%83" title="Electrotehnică – ရိုမေနီယား" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Electrotehnică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="ရိုမေနီယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Электротехника – ရုရှ" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Электротехника" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ရုရှ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Електротехніка – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Електротехніка" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%AC%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A6%D8%B1%D9%86%DA%AF" title="بجلي جي انجنيئرنگ – စင်ဒီ" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="بجلي جي انجنيئرنگ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="စင်ဒီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrotehnika" title="Elektrotehnika – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Elektrotehnika" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%82%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%9A%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%94_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="විද්යුත් ඉංජිනේරු විද්යාව – စင်ဟာလာ" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="විද්යුත් ඉංජිනේරු විද්යාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="စင်ဟာလာ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_engineering" title="Electrical engineering – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Electrical engineering" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrotechnika" title="Elektrotechnika – ဆလိုဗက်" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Elektrotechnika" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="ဆလိုဗက်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrotehnika" title="Elektrotehnika – ဆလိုဗေးနီးယား" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Elektrotehnika" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="ဆလိုဗေးနီးယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inxhinieria_elektrike" title="Inxhinieria elektrike – အယ်လ်ဘေးနီးယား" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Inxhinieria elektrike" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="အယ်လ်ဘေးနီးယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Електротехника – ဆားဘီးယား" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Електротехника" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="ဆားဘီးယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrotechnik" title="Elektrotechnik – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Elektrotechnik" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektroteknik" title="Elektroteknik – ဆွီဒင်" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Elektroteknik" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="ဆွီဒင်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uhandisi_wa_umeme" title="Uhandisi wa umeme – ဆွာဟီလီ" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Uhandisi wa umeme" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="ဆွာဟီလီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="மின்பொறியியல் – တမီးလ်" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மின்பொறியியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="တမီးလ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%8E%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%87%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D" title="ఎలక్ట్రికల్ ఇంజనీరింగ్ – တီလီဂူ" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఎలక్ట్రికల్ ఇంజనీరింగ్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="တီလီဂူ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Электротехника – တာဂျစ်" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Электротехника" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="တာဂျစ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%9F%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2" title="วิศวกรรมไฟฟ้า – ထိုင်း" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วิศวกรรมไฟฟ้า" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="ထိုင်း" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrik_in%C5%BEenerligi" title="Elektrik inženerligi – တာ့ခ်မင်နစ္စတန်" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Elektrik inženerligi" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="တာ့ခ်မင်နစ္စတန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inhenyeriyang_elektrikal" title="Inhenyeriyang elektrikal – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Inhenyeriyang elektrikal" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrik_m%C3%BChendisli%C4%9Fi" title="Elektrik mühendisliği – တူရကီ" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Elektrik mühendisliği" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="တူရကီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Електротехніка – ယူကရိန်း" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Електротехніка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ယူကရိန်း" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%82%DB%8C_%DB%81%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="برقی ہندسیات – အူရ်ဒူ" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="برقی ہندسیات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="အူရ်ဒူ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrotexnika" title="Elektrotexnika – ဥဇဘတ်" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Elektrotexnika" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ဥဇဘတ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%E1%BB%B9_thu%E1%BA%ADt_%C4%91i%E1%BB%87n" title="Kỹ thuật điện – ဗီယက်နမ်" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kỹ thuật điện" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="ဗီယက်နမ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inhenyeriya_elektrika" title="Inhenyeriya elektrika – ဝါရေး" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Inhenyeriya elektrika" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="ဝါရေး" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xaralaymb%C3%ABj" title="Xaralaymbëj – ဝူလိုဖ်" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Xaralaymbëj" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="ဝူလိုဖ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E6%B0%94%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%A6" title="电气工程学 – ဝူ တရုတ်" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="电气工程学" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="ဝူ တရုတ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="ელექტროტექნიკა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ელექტროტექნიკა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%E1%B9%A3%E1%BA%B9%CC%81%E1%BA%B9%CC%80r%E1%BB%8D_on%C3%ADtann%C3%A1" title="Iṣẹ́ẹ̀rọ onítanná – ယိုရူဘာ" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Iṣẹ́ẹ̀rọ onítanná" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="ယိုရူဘာ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="ဆောင်းပါးကောင်းတံဆိပ်"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E6%A9%9F%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%B8" title="電機工程學 – တရုတ်" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="電機工程學" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="တရုတ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%C4%81n-ki_kang-t%C3%AAng" title="Tiān-ki kang-têng – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tiān-ki kang-têng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E6%A9%9F%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="電機工程 – ကွမ်းတုံ" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="電機工程" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="ကွမ်းတုံ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UmNgcikisho_wamazuba" title="UmNgcikisho wamazuba – ဇူးလူး" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="UmNgcikisho wamazuba" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="ဇူးလူး" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q43035#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="ဘာသာစကားလင့်ခ်များကို တည်းဖြတ်ရန်" class="wbc-editpage">လင့်ခ်များကို တည်းဖြတ်ရန်</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="အမည်ညွှန်းများ"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BB%E1%80%BE%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%A1%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC_%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9B%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA" title="မာတိကာ ကြည့်ရန် [c]" accesskey="c"><span>စာမျက်နှာ</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%86%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA:%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BB%E1%80%BE%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%A1%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC_%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9B%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="မာတိကာ စာမျက်နှာအတွက် ဆွေးနွေးချက်များ (စာမျက်နှာ မရှိသေးပါ) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>ဆွေးနွေးချက်</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ဘာသာစကား မူကွဲကို ပြောင်းရန်" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button 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href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BB%E1%80%BE%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%A1%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC_%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9B%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA&action=history" title="ဤစာမျက်နှာ၏ ယခင်မူများ [h]" accesskey="h"><span>ရာဇဝင်ကြည့်ရန်</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="စာမျက်နှာကိရိယာများ"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ကိရိယာများ" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" 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title="ဤစာမျက်နှာ၏ ရင်းမြစ်ကုဒ်ကို တည်းဖြတ်ရန် [e]" accesskey="e"><span>ပြင်ဆင်ရန်</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BB%E1%80%BE%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%A1%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC_%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9B%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA&action=history"><span>ရာဇဝင်ကြည့်ရန်</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ယေဘုယျ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a 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data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ပုံပန်းသွင်ပြင်</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">ဘေးဘားသို့ရွှေ့ပါ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ဝှက်ရန်</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">ဝီကီပီးဒီးယား မှ</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="my" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%96%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA:High-voltage_circuit-breaker,_white_insulators.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/High-voltage_circuit-breaker%2C_white_insulators.jpg/220px-High-voltage_circuit-breaker%2C_white_insulators.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/High-voltage_circuit-breaker%2C_white_insulators.jpg/330px-High-voltage_circuit-breaker%2C_white_insulators.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/High-voltage_circuit-breaker%2C_white_insulators.jpg/440px-High-voltage_circuit-breaker%2C_white_insulators.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption>လျှပ်စစ်အင်ဂျင်နီယာတို့သည် ကြီးမားရှုပ်ထွေးသော ပါဝါစနစ်မှ သေးငယ်သည့် အီလက်ထရွန်းနစ်ပစ္စည်ူများအထိ ဒီဇိုင်းရေးဆွဲကြသည်။</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%96%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA:Electrical-engineer-control-plc.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Electrical-engineer-control-plc.jpg/220px-Electrical-engineer-control-plc.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Electrical-engineer-control-plc.jpg/330px-Electrical-engineer-control-plc.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Electrical-engineer-control-plc.jpg/440px-Electrical-engineer-control-plc.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>အသေးစား ထိန်းချုပ်ခန်း</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%96%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA:Silego_clock_generator.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Silego_clock_generator.JPG/220px-Silego_clock_generator.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Silego_clock_generator.JPG/330px-Silego_clock_generator.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Silego_clock_generator.JPG/440px-Silego_clock_generator.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>၁ နာနိုမီတာ ရှည်လျားသော လျှပ်စစ်ပတ်လမ်းများ<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>၁<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p><b>လျှပ်စစ်အင်ဂျင်နီယာ ဘာသာရပ်</b> သည် <a href="/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC_%E1%80%94%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%8A%E1%80%AC" title="အင်ဂျင်နီယာ နည်းပညာ">အင်ဂျင်နီယာ ဘာသာရပ်</a>တစ်ခုဖြစ်ပြီး လျှပ်စစ်ဓာတ်၊ <a href="/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9C%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%91%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA" title="အီလက်ထရွန်းနစ်">အီလက်ထရွန်းနစ်</a>နှင့် <a href="/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BB%E1%80%BE%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9E%E1%80%B6%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="လျှပ်စစ်သံလိုက်">လျှပ်စစ်သံလိုက်</a>များအား လေ့လာသည့်နယ်ပယ်တစ်ခုဖြစ်သည်။ ယင်းနယ်ပယ်သည် လျှပ်စစ်တယ်လီဂရပ်၊ <a href="/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AE%E1%80%96%E1%80%AF%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="တယ်လီဖုန်း">တယ်လီဖုန်း</a>၊ လျှပ်စစ်ဖြန့်ဖြူးရေး၊ အသံလွှင့်ခြင်းစသည်တို့ကို နေ့စဉ်သုံးလာပြီး ၁၉ ရာစုနှစ်ထက်ဝက်နောက်ပိုင်းတွင် အသုံးတွင်ကျယ်လာခဲ့သည်။ ထရန်စတာ၊ integrated circuit များကို တီထွင်ပြီးနောက်ပိုင်း အိမ်သုံး အီလက်ထရွန်းပစ္စည်းများ အသုံးချရာတွင် အရေးပါလာခဲ့သည်။<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>၂<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ယခုခေတ်တွင် လျှပ်စစ်အင်ဂျင်နီယာသည် များပြားလှသော နယ်ပယ်အခွဲများစွာ ရှိလာခဲ့သည်။ ယင်းတို့မှာ အီလက်ထရွန်းနစ်။ ဒယ်ဂျစ်တယ် ကွန်ပျူတာ၊ ပါဝါအင်ဂျင်နီယာဘာသာ၊ ဆက်သွယ်ရေး၊ ထိန်းချုပ်စနစ်၊ ရေဒီယိုကြိမ်နှုန် အင်ဂျင်နီယာဘာသာ၊ အချက်ပြ လုပ်ဆောင်ခြင်းနှင့် မိုက်ခရိုအီလက်ထရွန်းနစ်တို့ဖြစ်သည်။ ယင်းနယ်ပယ်အသီးသီးတို့သည် အခြားသော အင်ဂျင်နီယာဘာသာရပ်များနှင့် ဆက်နွယ်လျက်ရှိသည်။ ထို့အပြင် ဟဒ်ဝဲလ် အင်ဂျင်နီယာဘာသာ၊ ပါဝါ အီလက်ထရွန်းနစ်၊ မိုက်ခရိုဝေ့အင်ဂျင်နီယာဘာသာ၊ လျှပ်စစ်သံလိုက်လှိုင်း အင်ဂျင်နီယာဘာသာ။ <a href="/wiki/%E1%80%94%E1%80%AC%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF_%E1%80%94%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%8A%E1%80%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="နာနို နည်းပညာ">နာနို နည်းပညာ</a>၊ ဖွံ့ဖြိုးမြဲစွမ်းအင်၊ လျှပ်စစ်ဓာတု၊ စက်မှုအီလက်ထရွန်းနစ်နှင့် လျှပ်စစ်ပစ္စည်းသိပ္ပံ အစရှိသည်တို့ဖြစ်ကြသည်။ </p><p>လျှပ်စစ်အင်ဂျင်နီယာဘာသာသည် အင်ဂျင်နီယာဘာသာရပ်၌ လျှပ်စစ်အင်ဂျင်နီယာဘွဲ့ သို့မဟုတ် အီလက်ထရွန်းနစ်အင်ဂျင်နီယာဘွဲ့များဖြင့် သီးသန့် ဘွဲ့ဒီဂရီ ပေးလေ့ရှိသည်။ IEEE မှ ပေးအပ်သော ပရော်ဖက်ရှင်နယ် အသိမှတ်ပြုလက်မှတ်များကိုလည်း ရယူနိုင်သည်။ လျှပ်စစ်အင်ဂျင်နီယာများသည် စက်ရုံအလုပ်ရုံများ၌ အရည်ချင်းရှိသောသူများဖြစ်ရန် လိုအပ်ပေသည်။ ယင်းတို့၌ လျှပ်စစ်ပတ်လမ်းသီအိုရီ ကျွမ်းကျင်မှုနှင့် စီမံခန့်ခွဲရေးနှင့်သက်ဆိုင်သည့် စီမံကိန်း မန်နေဂျာအထိ ပါဝင်သည်။ ကိရိယာတန်ဆာပလာများသည်လည်း ဗို့မီတာမှ ခေတ်မှီဆော့ဝဲလ်များကို ခွဲခြမ်းစိတ်ဖြာသည့်အထိ အကျုံးဝင်သည်။ </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="သမိုင်းကြောင်း"><span id=".E1.80.9E.E1.80.99.E1.80.AD.E1.80.AF.E1.80.84.E1.80.BA.E1.80.B8.E1.80.80.E1.80.BC.E1.80.B1.E1.80.AC.E1.80.84.E1.80.BA.E1.80.B8"></span>သမိုင်းကြောင်း</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BB%E1%80%BE%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%A1%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC_%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9B%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA&action=edit&section=1" title="ဤအပိုင်းကို တည်းဖြတ်ရန် - သမိုင်းကြောင်း"><span>ပြင်ဆင်ရန်</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%96%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA:Faraday_Cochran_Pickersgill.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Faraday_Cochran_Pickersgill.jpg/170px-Faraday_Cochran_Pickersgill.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Faraday_Cochran_Pickersgill.jpg/255px-Faraday_Cochran_Pickersgill.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Faraday_Cochran_Pickersgill.jpg/340px-Faraday_Cochran_Pickersgill.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1155" data-file-height="1443" /></a><figcaption>The discoveries of Michael Faraday formed the foundation of electric motor technology.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%96%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA:Thomas_Edison,_1878.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Thomas_Edison%2C_1878.jpg/170px-Thomas_Edison%2C_1878.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Thomas_Edison%2C_1878.jpg/255px-Thomas_Edison%2C_1878.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Thomas_Edison%2C_1878.jpg/340px-Thomas_Edison%2C_1878.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1438" data-file-height="2167" /></a><figcaption>Thomas Edison built the world's first large-scale electrical supply network.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%96%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA:N.Tesla.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/N.Tesla.JPG/170px-N.Tesla.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/N.Tesla.JPG/255px-N.Tesla.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/N.Tesla.JPG/340px-N.Tesla.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2563" data-file-height="3348" /></a><figcaption>Nikola Tesla made long-distance electrical transmission networks possible.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ပညာရပ်ခွဲများ"><span id=".E1.80.95.E1.80.8A.E1.80.AC.E1.80.9B.E1.80.95.E1.80.BA.E1.80.81.E1.80.BD.E1.80.B2.E1.80.99.E1.80.BB.E1.80.AC.E1.80.B8"></span>ပညာရပ်ခွဲများ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BB%E1%80%BE%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%A1%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC_%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9B%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA&action=edit&section=2" title="ဤအပိုင်းကို တည်းဖြတ်ရန် - ပညာရပ်ခွဲများ"><span>ပြင်ဆင်ရန်</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="လျှပ်စစ်စွမ်းအား"><span id=".E1.80.9C.E1.80.BB.E1.80.BE.E1.80.95.E1.80.BA.E1.80.85.E1.80.85.E1.80.BA.E1.80.85.E1.80.BD.E1.80.99.E1.80.BA.E1.80.B8.E1.80.A1.E1.80.AC.E1.80.B8"></span>လျှပ်စစ်စွမ်းအား</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BB%E1%80%BE%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%A1%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC_%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9B%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA&action=edit&section=3" title="ဤအပိုင်းကို တည်းဖြတ်ရန် - လျှပ်စစ်စွမ်းအား"><span>ပြင်ဆင်ရန်</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%96%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA:Power_pole.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Power_pole.jpg/220px-Power_pole.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Power_pole.jpg/330px-Power_pole.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Power_pole.jpg/440px-Power_pole.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1067" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utility_pole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Utility pole (စာမျက်နှာ မရှိသေးပါ)">Power pole</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ထိန်းချုပ်ရေးပညာ"><span id=".E1.80.91.E1.80.AD.E1.80.94.E1.80.BA.E1.80.B8.E1.80.81.E1.80.BB.E1.80.AF.E1.80.95.E1.80.BA.E1.80.9B.E1.80.B1.E1.80.B8.E1.80.95.E1.80.8A.E1.80.AC"></span>ထိန်းချုပ်ရေးပညာ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BB%E1%80%BE%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%A1%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC_%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9B%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA&action=edit&section=4" title="ဤအပိုင်းကို တည်းဖြတ်ရန် - ထိန်းချုပ်ရေးပညာ"><span>ပြင်ဆင်ရန်</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%96%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA:Space_Shuttle_Columbia_launching.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Space_Shuttle_Columbia_launching.jpg/220px-Space_Shuttle_Columbia_launching.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Space_Shuttle_Columbia_launching.jpg/330px-Space_Shuttle_Columbia_launching.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Space_Shuttle_Columbia_launching.jpg/440px-Space_Shuttle_Columbia_launching.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6084" data-file-height="6084" /></a><figcaption>ထိန်းချုပ်စနစ်သည် အာကာသပျံသန်းရေးအတွက် အရေးပါသည့်အခန်းမှ ပါဝင်သည်</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="အီလက်ထရွန်းနစ်"><span id=".E1.80.A1.E1.80.AE.E1.80.9C.E1.80.80.E1.80.BA.E1.80.91.E1.80.9B.E1.80.BD.E1.80.94.E1.80.BA.E1.80.B8.E1.80.94.E1.80.85.E1.80.BA"></span>အီလက်ထရွန်းနစ်</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BB%E1%80%BE%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%A1%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC_%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9B%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA&action=edit&section=5" title="ဤအပိုင်းကို တည်းဖြတ်ရန် - အီလက်ထရွန်းနစ်"><span>ပြင်ဆင်ရန်</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%96%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA:Componentes.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Componentes.JPG/220px-Componentes.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Componentes.JPG/330px-Componentes.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Componentes.JPG/440px-Componentes.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4314" data-file-height="2967" /></a><figcaption>Electronic components</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="မိုက္ကရိုအီလက်ထရွန်းနစ်"><span id=".E1.80.99.E1.80.AD.E1.80.AF.E1.80.80.E1.80.B9.E1.80.80.E1.80.9B.E1.80.AD.E1.80.AF.E1.80.A1.E1.80.AE.E1.80.9C.E1.80.80.E1.80.BA.E1.80.91.E1.80.9B.E1.80.BD.E1.80.94.E1.80.BA.E1.80.B8.E1.80.94.E1.80.85.E1.80.BA"></span>မိုက္ကရိုအီလက်ထရွန်းနစ်</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BB%E1%80%BE%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%A1%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC_%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9B%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA&action=edit&section=6" title="ဤအပိုင်းကို တည်းဖြတ်ရန် - မိုက္ကရိုအီလက်ထရွန်းနစ်"><span>ပြင်ဆင်ရန်</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%96%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA:80486dx2-large.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/80486dx2-large.jpg/220px-80486dx2-large.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/80486dx2-large.jpg/330px-80486dx2-large.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/80486dx2-large.jpg/440px-80486dx2-large.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1341" data-file-height="1002" /></a><figcaption>မိုက်ခရိုပရိုဆက်ဆာ</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ဆစ်ဂနယ်သခြင်း"><span id=".E1.80.86.E1.80.85.E1.80.BA.E1.80.82.E1.80.94.E1.80.9A.E1.80.BA.E1.80.9E.E1.80.81.E1.80.BC.E1.80.84.E1.80.BA.E1.80.B8"></span>ဆစ်ဂနယ်သခြင်း</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BB%E1%80%BE%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%A1%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC_%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9B%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA&action=edit&section=7" title="ဤအပိုင်းကို တည်းဖြတ်ရန် - ဆစ်ဂနယ်သခြင်း"><span>ပြင်ဆင်ရန်</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%96%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA:Bayer_pattern_on_sensor.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Bayer_pattern_on_sensor.svg/220px-Bayer_pattern_on_sensor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Bayer_pattern_on_sensor.svg/330px-Bayer_pattern_on_sensor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Bayer_pattern_on_sensor.svg/440px-Bayer_pattern_on_sensor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="455" /></a><figcaption>A Bayer filter on a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charge-coupled_device&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charge-coupled device (စာမျက်နှာ မရှိသေးပါ)">CCD</a> requires signal processing to get a red, green, and blue value at each pixel.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="အဝေးဆက်သွယ်ရေး"><span id=".E1.80.A1.E1.80.9D.E1.80.B1.E1.80.B8.E1.80.86.E1.80.80.E1.80.BA.E1.80.9E.E1.80.BD.E1.80.9A.E1.80.BA.E1.80.9B.E1.80.B1.E1.80.B8"></span>အဝေးဆက်သွယ်ရေး</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BB%E1%80%BE%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%A1%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC_%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9B%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA&action=edit&section=8" title="ဤအပိုင်းကို တည်းဖြတ်ရန် - အဝေးဆက်သွယ်ရေး"><span>ပြင်ဆင်ရန်</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%96%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA:Erdfunkstelle_Raisting_2a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Erdfunkstelle_Raisting_2a.jpg/220px-Erdfunkstelle_Raisting_2a.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Erdfunkstelle_Raisting_2a.jpg/330px-Erdfunkstelle_Raisting_2a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Erdfunkstelle_Raisting_2a.jpg/440px-Erdfunkstelle_Raisting_2a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2219" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Satellite_dish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Satellite dish (စာမျက်နှာ မရှိသေးပါ)">Satellite dishes</a> are a crucial component in the analysis of satellite information.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ကိရိယာများ"><span id=".E1.80.80.E1.80.AD.E1.80.9B.E1.80.AD.E1.80.9A.E1.80.AC.E1.80.99.E1.80.BB.E1.80.AC.E1.80.B8"></span>ကိရိယာများ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BB%E1%80%BE%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%A1%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC_%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9B%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA&action=edit&section=9" title="ဤအပိုင်းကို တည်းဖြတ်ရန် - ကိရိယာများ"><span>ပြင်ဆင်ရန်</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%96%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA:F-18E_cockpit_m02006112600499.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/F-18E_cockpit_m02006112600499.jpg/220px-F-18E_cockpit_m02006112600499.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/F-18E_cockpit_m02006112600499.jpg/330px-F-18E_cockpit_m02006112600499.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/F-18E_cockpit_m02006112600499.jpg/440px-F-18E_cockpit_m02006112600499.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="559" /></a><figcaption>Flight instruments provide pilots the tools to control aircraft analytically.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ကွန်ပျူတာများ"><span id=".E1.80.80.E1.80.BD.E1.80.94.E1.80.BA.E1.80.95.E1.80.BB.E1.80.B0.E1.80.90.E1.80.AC.E1.80.99.E1.80.BB.E1.80.AC.E1.80.B8"></span>ကွန်ပျူတာများ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BB%E1%80%BE%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%A1%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC_%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9B%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA&action=edit&section=10" title="ဤအပိုင်းကို တည်းဖြတ်ရန် - ကွန်ပျူတာများ"><span>ပြင်ဆင်ရန်</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%96%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA:MEGWARE.CLIC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/MEGWARE.CLIC.jpg/220px-MEGWARE.CLIC.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/MEGWARE.CLIC.jpg/330px-MEGWARE.CLIC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/MEGWARE.CLIC.jpg/440px-MEGWARE.CLIC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="543" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supercomputer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supercomputer (စာမျက်နှာ မရှိသေးပါ)">Supercomputers</a> are used in fields as diverse as computational biology and geographic information systems.</figcaption></figure> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ကိုးကား"><span id=".E1.80.80.E1.80.AD.E1.80.AF.E1.80.B8.E1.80.80.E1.80.AC.E1.80.B8"></span>ကိုးကား</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BB%E1%80%BE%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%A1%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC_%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9B%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA&action=edit&section=11" title="ဤအပိုင်းကို တည်းဖြတ်ရန် - ကိုးကား"><span>ပြင်ဆင်ရန်</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r723126">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newscenter.lbl.gov/2016/10/06/smallest-transistor-1-nm-gate/">Smallest. Transistor. Ever. | Berkeley Lab</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050210210922/http://www.ieee.org/organizations/eab/faqs1.htm">What is the difference between electrical and electronic engineering?</a>။ <i>FAQs - Studying Electrical Engineering</i>။ 10 February 2005 တွင် <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ieee.org/organizations/eab/faqs1.htm">မူရင်း</a>အား မော်ကွန်းတင်ပြီး။  4 February 2005 တွင် ပြန်စစ်ပြီး။</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ပြင်ပလင့်ခ်များ"><span id=".E1.80.95.E1.80.BC.E1.80.84.E1.80.BA.E1.80.95.E1.80.9C.E1.80.84.E1.80.B7.E1.80.BA.E1.80.81.E1.80.BA.E1.80.99.E1.80.BB.E1.80.AC.E1.80.B8"></span>ပြင်ပလင့်ခ်များ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BB%E1%80%BE%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%A1%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC_%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9B%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA&action=edit&section=12" title="ဤအပိုင်းကို တည်းဖြတ်ရန် - ပြင်ပလင့်ခ်များ"><span>ပြင်ဆင်ရန်</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ieeeghn.org/">IEEE Global History Network</a> A wiki-based site with many resources about the history of IEEE, its members, their professions and electrical and informational technologies and sciences.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iec.ch/">International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/Electrical-Engineering-and-Computer-Science/index.htm">MIT OpenCourseWare</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080126142615/http://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/Electrical-Engineering-and-Computer-Science/index.htm">Archived</a> 26 January 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. 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