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class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav 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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">German submarine <i>U-188</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/U_188" title="U 188 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="U 188" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%DB%8C%D9%88-%DB%B1%DB%B8%DB%B8" title="زیردریایی یو-۱۸۸ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زیردریایی یو-۱۸۸" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unterseeboot_188" title="Unterseeboot 188 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Unterseeboot 188" data-language-autonym="Français" 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location"><span class="latitude">44°50′N</span> <span class="longitude">00°34′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">44.833°N 0.567°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">44.833; -0.567</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">German World War II submarine</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;line-height:1.5em;"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">History</th></tr> <tr><th height="30" colspan="2" style="background-color:#B0C4DE;text-align:left;padding-left:2px;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;"><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/War_Ensign_of_Germany_%281938%E2%80%931945%29.svg/47px-War_Ensign_of_Germany_%281938%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="47" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/War_Ensign_of_Germany_%281938%E2%80%931945%29.svg/70px-War_Ensign_of_Germany_%281938%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/War_Ensign_of_Germany_%281938%E2%80%931945%29.svg/94px-War_Ensign_of_Germany_%281938%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span style="padding-left:1em"><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a></span></th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Name</td><td><i>U-188</i></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Ordered</td><td>15 August 1940</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Builder</td><td><a href="/wiki/DeSchiMAG" class="mw-redirect" title="DeSchiMAG">DeSchiMAG</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bremen" title="Bremen">Bremen</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Yard number</td><td>1028</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Laid down</td><td>18 August 1941</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Launched</td><td>31 March 1942</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Commissioned</td><td>5 August 1942</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Fate</td><td>Scuttled 25 August 1944 in Bordeaux, later raised and <a href="/wiki/Ship_breaking" title="Ship breaking">broken up</a> in 1947</td></tr> <tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">General characteristics</th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Class and type</td><td><a href="/wiki/German_Type_IX_submarine#Type_IXC/40" class="mw-redirect" title="German Type IX submarine">Type IXC/40</a> <a href="/wiki/Submarine" title="Submarine">submarine</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Displacement</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">1,144 <a href="/wiki/Tonne" title="Tonne">t</a> (1,126 <a href="/wiki/Long_ton" title="Long ton">long tons</a>) surfaced</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">1,257 t (1,237 long tons) submerged</li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Length</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">76.76 m (251 ft 10 in) <a href="/wiki/O/a" class="mw-redirect" title="O/a">o/a</a></li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">58.75 m (192 ft 9 in) <a href="/wiki/Pressure_hull" class="mw-redirect" title="Pressure hull">pressure hull</a></li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Beam</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">6.86 m (22 ft 6 in) o/a</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">4.44 m (14 ft 7 in) pressure hull</li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Height</td><td>9.60 m (31 ft 6 in)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Draught</td><td>4.67 m (15 ft 4 in)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Installed power</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">4,400 PS (3,200 kW; 4,300 bhp) (diesels)</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">1,000 PS (740 kW; 990 shp) (electric)</li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Propulsion</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">2 shafts</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">2 × <a href="/wiki/Diesel_engine" title="Diesel engine">diesel engines</a></li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">2 × <a href="/wiki/Motor-generator" class="mw-redirect" title="Motor-generator">electric motors</a></li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Speed</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">18.3 knots (33.9 km/h; 21.1 mph) surfaced</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">7.3 knots (13.5 km/h; 8.4 mph) submerged</li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Range</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">13,850 <a href="/wiki/Nautical_mile" title="Nautical mile">nmi</a> (25,650 km; 15,940 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph) surfaced</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">63 nmi (117 km; 72 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph) submerged</li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Test depth</td><td>230 m (750 ft)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Complement</td><td>4 officers, 44 enlisted</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Armament</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">6 × <a href="/wiki/Torpedo_tube" title="Torpedo tube">torpedo tubes</a> (4 bow, 2 stern)</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">22 × 53.3 cm (21 in) <a href="/wiki/Torpedo" title="Torpedo">torpedoes</a></li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">1 × <a href="/wiki/10.5_cm_SK_C/32_naval_gun" title="10.5 cm SK C/32 naval gun">10.5 cm (4.1 in) SK C/32</a> <a href="/wiki/Deck_gun" title="Deck gun">deck gun</a> (180 rounds)</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">1 × <a href="/wiki/3.7_cm_SK_C/30" title="3.7 cm SK C/30">3.7 cm (1.5 in) SK C/30</a> AA gun</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">1 × twin <a href="/wiki/2_cm_FlaK_30" class="mw-redirect" title="2 cm FlaK 30">2 cm FlaK 30</a> AA guns</li> </ul></td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Service record<sup id="cite_ref-uboatnet_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uboatnet-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> </tr> <tr><td>Part of:</td><td> <ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><a href="/wiki/4th_U-boat_Flotilla" title="4th U-boat Flotilla">4th U-boat Flotilla</a></li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">5 August 1942 – 31 January 1943</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><a href="/wiki/10th_U-boat_Flotilla" title="10th U-boat Flotilla">10th U-boat Flotilla</a></li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">1 February 1943 – 20 August 1944</li> </ul></td></tr><tr><td>Identification codes:</td><td> M 10 459</td></tr><tr><td>Commanders:</td><td> <ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Oblt.z.S." class="mw-redirect" title="Oblt.z.S.">Oblt.z.S.</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kptlt." class="mw-redirect" title="Kptlt.">Kptlt.</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Siegfried_L%C3%BCdden" class="mw-redirect" title="Siegfried Lüdden">Siegfried Lüdden</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">5 August 1942 – 9 August 1944</li> </ul></td></tr><tr><td>Operations:</td><td> <ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">3 patrols:</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">1st patrol:</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">4 March – 4 May 1943</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">2nd patrol:</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">30 June – 30 October 1943</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">3rd patrol:</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">1 January – 19 June 1944</li> </ul></td></tr><tr><td>Victories:</td><td> <ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">8 merchant ships sunk <br />(49,725 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a>)</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">1 warship sunk <br />(1,190 tons)</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">1 merchant ship damaged <br />(9,977 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a>)</li> </ul></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>German submarine <i>U-188</i></b> was a <a href="/wiki/German_Type_IX_submarine#Type_IXC/40" class="mw-redirect" title="German Type IX submarine">Type IXC/40</a> <a href="/wiki/U-boat" title="U-boat">U-boat</a> of <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Kriegsmarine" title="Kriegsmarine">Kriegsmarine</a></i> built for service during World War II. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Keel_laying" title="Keel laying">Laid down</a> on 18 August 1941 by <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Schiff-_und_Maschinenbau" title="Deutsche Schiff- und Maschinenbau">Deutsche Schiff- und Maschinenbau</a> AG (DeSchiMAG) of <a href="/wiki/Bremen" title="Bremen">Bremen</a> as yard number 1028, she was <a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_ship_launching" title="Ceremonial ship launching">launched</a> on 31 March 1942 and <a href="/wiki/Ship_commissioning" title="Ship commissioning">commissioned</a> on 5 August under the command of <i><a href="/wiki/Oberleutnant_zur_See" title="Oberleutnant zur See">Oberleutnant zur See</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Siegfried_L%C3%BCdden" class="mw-redirect" title="Siegfried Lüdden">Siegfried Lüdden</a>. </p><p>The boat carried out three patrols and she was a member of three <a href="/wiki/Wolfpack_(naval_tactic)" title="Wolfpack (naval tactic)">wolfpacks</a>. She sank eight ships and one warship; she also damaged one ship. </p><p>She was scuttled at Bordeaux, France on 25 August 1944. The wreck was <a href="/wiki/Ship_breaking" title="Ship breaking">broken up</a> in 1947. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design">Design</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_submarine_U-188&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/German_Type_IX_submarine#Type_IXC/40" class="mw-redirect" title="German Type IX submarine">German Type IXC/40 submarines</a> were slightly larger than the original <a href="/wiki/German_Type_IX_submarine#Type_IXC" class="mw-redirect" title="German Type IX submarine">Type IXCs</a>. <i>U-188</i> had a displacement of 1,144 tonnes (1,126 long tons) when at the surface and 1,257 tonnes (1,237 long tons) while submerged.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGröner199168_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGröner199168-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The U-boat had a total length of 76.76 m (251 ft 10 in), a <a href="/wiki/Pressure_hull" class="mw-redirect" title="Pressure hull">pressure hull</a> length of 58.75 m (192 ft 9 in), a <a href="/wiki/Beam_(nautical)" title="Beam (nautical)">beam</a> of 6.86 m (22 ft 6 in), a height of 9.60 m (31 ft 6 in), and a <a href="/wiki/Draught_(ship)" class="mw-redirect" title="Draught (ship)">draught</a> of 4.67 m (15 ft 4 in). The submarine was powered by two <a href="/wiki/MAN_SE" title="MAN SE">MAN</a> M 9 V 40/46 <a href="/wiki/Supercharged" class="mw-redirect" title="Supercharged">supercharged</a> four-stroke, nine-cylinder <a href="/wiki/Diesel_engine" title="Diesel engine">diesel engines</a> producing a total of 4,400 metric horsepower (3,240 kW; 4,340 shp) for use while surfaced, two <a href="/wiki/Siemens-Schuckert" title="Siemens-Schuckert">Siemens-Schuckert</a> 2 GU 345/34 <a href="/wiki/Motor%E2%80%93generator" title="Motor–generator">double-acting electric motors</a> producing a total of 1,000 shaft horsepower (1,010 PS; 750 kW) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 1.92 m (6 ft) <a href="/wiki/Propeller" title="Propeller">propellers</a>. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 230 metres (750 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGröner199168_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGröner199168-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 18.3 knots (33.9 km/h; 21.1 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 7.3 knots (13.5 km/h; 8.4 mph).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGröner199168_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGröner199168-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When submerged, the boat could operate for 63 nautical miles (117 km; 72 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph); when surfaced, she could travel 13,850 nautical miles (25,650 km; 15,940 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). <i>U-188</i> was fitted with six 53.3 cm (21 in) <a href="/wiki/Torpedo_tube" title="Torpedo tube">torpedo tubes</a> (four fitted at the bow and two at the stern), 22 <a href="/wiki/Torpedo" title="Torpedo">torpedoes</a>, one <a href="/wiki/10.5_cm_SK_C/32_naval_gun" title="10.5 cm SK C/32 naval gun">10.5 cm (4.13 in) SK C/32 naval gun</a>, 180 rounds, and a <a href="/wiki/3.7_cm_SK_C/30" title="3.7 cm SK C/30">3.7 cm (1.5 in) SK C/30</a> as well as a <a href="/wiki/2_cm_FlaK_30" class="mw-redirect" title="2 cm FlaK 30">2 cm (0.79 in) C/30</a> anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a <a href="/wiki/Ship%27s_company" title="Ship's company">complement</a> of forty-eight.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGröner199168_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGröner199168-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Service_history">Service history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_submarine_U-188&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Service history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_patrol">First patrol</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_submarine_U-188&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: First patrol"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>U-188</i> sailed from <a href="/wiki/Kiel" title="Kiel">Kiel</a> on 4 March 1943.<sup id="cite_ref-patrol1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-patrol1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She steamed through the <a href="/wiki/GIUK_gap" title="GIUK gap">gap</a> between <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Faroe_Islands" title="Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a>, into the Northern Atlantic Ocean. </p><p>The boat's first victim was an old 'four stacker' destroyer, <a href="/wiki/USS_Branch_(DD-197)#Royal_Navy_service" title="USS Branch (DD-197)">HMS <i>Beverley</i></a> in mid-Atlantic on 11 April. Less than a month later, the inbound submarine was attacked by an <a href="/wiki/Armstrong-Whitworth_Whitley" class="mw-redirect" title="Armstrong-Whitworth Whitley">Armstrong-Whitworth Whitley</a> of <a href="/wiki/No._612_Squadron_RAF" title="No. 612 Squadron RAF">No. 612 Squadron RAF</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Biscay" title="Bay of Biscay">Bay of Biscay</a> on 2 May. The Commander and one crewman were wounded. The crewman died in hospital in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> on 12 May. </p><p><i>U-188</i> docked at <a href="/wiki/Lorient" title="Lorient">Lorient</a> in occupied France on 4 May. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_patrol">Second patrol</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_submarine_U-188&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Second patrol"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Having left Lorient on 30 June 1943, <i>U-188</i> headed for the Indian Ocean. She sank <i>Cornelia P. Spencer</i> about 300 nmi (560 km; 350 mi) off the coast of <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a> on 21 September. </p><p>She was also successful when she damaged <i>Britannia</i> in the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Oman" title="Gulf of Oman">Gulf of Oman</a> on 5 October. This ship was held together by wires and chains on the orders of the master who was known as the 'crazy Norwegian' by the British naval authorities in Bombay. The ship loaded 6,000 tons of oil in <a href="/wiki/Abadan" class="mw-redirect" title="Abadan">Abädän</a>, Iran.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was eventually repaired in <a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a> in March 1944. </p><p>The boat crossed the <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Sea" title="Arabian Sea">Arabian Sea</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal" title="Bay of Bengal">Bay of Bengal</a> before docking at <a href="/wiki/Penang" title="Penang">Penang</a> in Malaya (now Malaysia) on 30 October. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Third_patrol">Third patrol</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_submarine_U-188&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Third patrol"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>U-188</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s third and final foray was her longest and most successful. Operating off the <a href="/wiki/Horn_of_Africa" title="Horn of Africa">Horn of Africa</a>, she sank seven ships in a 171-day patrol. Two of them, <i>Fort la Maune</i> and <i>Samouri</i> were sent to the bottom with no casualties. It was a different story concerning the fate of the Chinese registered <i>Chung Cheng</i>. Twenty men out of seventy-one were lost. The ship sank quickly, probably due to her cargo of 8,350 tons of <a href="/wiki/Ilmenite" title="Ilmenite">ilmenite</a> ore. </p><p>The boat returned to France, but to <a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a> on 19 June 1944.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fate">Fate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_submarine_U-188&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Fate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>U-188</i> was scuttled in Bordeaux to prevent her being captured by the advancing Allies on 25 August 1944. The wreck was <a href="/wiki/Ship_breaking" title="Ship breaking">broken up</a> in 1947. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Summary_of_raiding_history">Summary of raiding history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_submarine_U-188&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Summary of raiding history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Date</th> <th>Ship</th> <th>Nationality</th> <th>Tonnage<sup id="cite_ref-tonnage_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tonnage-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th>Fate<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td align="right">11 April 1943 </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/HMS_Beverley" class="mw-redirect" title="HMS Beverley">HMS <i>Beverley</i></a> </td> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> </td> <td align="right">1,190 </td> <td align="left">Sunk </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">21 September 1943 </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_September_1943#21_September" title="List of shipwrecks in September 1943"><i>Cornelia P. Spencer</i></a> </td> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </td> <td align="right">7,176 </td> <td align="left">Sunk </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">5 October 1943 </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_October_1943#5_October" title="List of shipwrecks in October 1943"><i>Britannia</i></a> </td> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> </td> <td align="right">9,977 </td> <td align="left">Damaged </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">20 January 1944 </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_January_1944#20_January" title="List of shipwrecks in January 1944"><i>Fort Buckingham</i></a> </td> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Civil_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Civil_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Civil_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Civil_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Civil_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Civil_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> </td> <td align="right">7,122 </td> <td align="left">Sunk </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">25 January 1944 </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_January_1944#25_January" title="List of shipwrecks in January 1944"><i>Fort la Maune</i></a> </td> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Civil_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Civil_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Civil_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Civil_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Civil_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Civil_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> </td> <td align="right">7,130 </td> <td align="left">Sunk </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">26 January 1944 </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_January_1944#26_January" title="List of shipwrecks in January 1944"><i>Samouri</i></a> </td> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Civil_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Civil_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Civil_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Civil_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Civil_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Civil_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> </td> <td align="right">7,219 </td> <td align="left">Sunk </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">26 January 1944 </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_January_1944#26_January" title="List of shipwrecks in January 1944"><i>Surada</i></a> </td> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Civil_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Civil_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Civil_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Civil_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Civil_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Civil_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> </td> <td align="right">5,427 </td> <td align="left">Sunk </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">29 January 1944 </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_January_1944#29_January" title="List of shipwrecks in January 1944"><i>Olga E. Embiricos</i></a> </td> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> </td> <td align="right">4,677 </td> <td align="left">Sunk </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">3 February 1944 </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_February_1944#3_February" title="List of shipwrecks in February 1944"><i>Chung Cheng</i></a> </td> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Civil_Ensign_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Civil_Ensign_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Civil_Ensign_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Civil_Ensign_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Civil_Ensign_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Civil_Ensign_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">China</a> </td> <td align="right">7,176 </td> <td align="left">Sunk </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">9 February 1944 </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_February_1944#9_February" title="List of shipwrecks in February 1944"><i>Viva</i></a> </td> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> </td> <td align="right">3,798 </td> <td align="left">Sunk </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_submarine_U-188&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_submarine_U-188&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-tonnage-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tonnage_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Merchant ship tonnages are in <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tons" class="mw-redirect" title="Gross register tons">gross register tons</a>. Military vessels are listed by tons <a href="/wiki/Displacement_(ship)" title="Displacement (ship)">displacement</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_submarine_U-188&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-uboatnet-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-uboatnet_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHelgason" class="citation web cs1">Helgason, Guðmundur. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uboat.net/boats/u188.htm">"The Type IXC/40 boat U-188"</a>. <i>German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=German+U-boats+of+WWII+-+uboat.net&rft.atitle=The+Type+IXC%2F40+boat+U-188&rft.aulast=Helgason&rft.aufirst=Gu%C3%B0mundur&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuboat.net%2Fboats%2Fu188.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+submarine+U-188" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHelgason" class="citation web cs1">Helgason, Guðmundur. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uboat.net/boats/patrols/u188.html">"War Patrols by German U-boat U-188"</a>. <i>German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=German+U-boats+of+WWII+-+uboat.net&rft.atitle=War+Patrols+by+German+U-boat+U-188&rft.aulast=Helgason&rft.aufirst=Gu%C3%B0mundur&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuboat.net%2Fboats%2Fpatrols%2Fu188.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+submarine+U-188" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHelgason" class="citation web cs1">Helgason, Guðmundur. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uboat.net/men/luedden.htm">"Siegfried Lüdden (Knight's Cross)"</a>. <i>German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=German+U-boats+of+WWII+-+uboat.net&rft.atitle=Siegfried+L%C3%BCdden+%28Knight%27s+Cross%29&rft.aulast=Helgason&rft.aufirst=Gu%C3%B0mundur&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuboat.net%2Fmen%2Fluedden.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+submarine+U-188" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGröner199168-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGröner199168_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGröner199168_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGröner199168_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGröner199168_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGröner1991">Gröner 1991</a>, p. 68.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-patrol1-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-patrol1_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHelgason" class="citation web cs1">Helgason, Guðmundur. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uboat.net/boats/patrols/patrol_4074.html">"Patrol of U-boat U-188 from 4 Mar 1943 to 4 May 1943"</a>. <i>German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=German+U-boats+of+WWII+-+uboat.net&rft.atitle=Patrol+of+U-boat+U-188+from+4+Mar+1943+to+4+May+1943&rft.aulast=Helgason&rft.aufirst=Gu%C3%B0mundur&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuboat.net%2Fboats%2Fpatrols%2Fpatrol_4074.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+submarine+U-188" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Times Atlas of the World</i> - Third edition, revised 1995, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0%2B7230%2B0809%2B4" title="Special:BookSources/0+7230+0809+4">0 7230 0809 4</a>, p. 41</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHelgason" class="citation web cs1">Helgason, Guðmundur. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uboat.net/boats/patrols/patrol_4076.html">"Patrol of U-boat U-188 from 1 Jan 1944 to 19 Jun 1944"</a>. <i>German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=German+U-boats+of+WWII+-+uboat.net&rft.atitle=Patrol+of+U-boat+U-188+from+1+Jan+1944+to+19+Jun+1944&rft.aulast=Helgason&rft.aufirst=Gu%C3%B0mundur&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuboat.net%2Fboats%2Fpatrols%2Fpatrol_4076.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+submarine+U-188" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHelgason" class="citation web cs1">Helgason, Guðmundur. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uboat.net/boats/successes/u188.html">"Ships hit by U-188"</a>. <i>German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=German+U-boats+of+WWII+-+uboat.net&rft.atitle=Ships+hit+by+U-188&rft.aulast=Helgason&rft.aufirst=Gu%C3%B0mundur&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuboat.net%2Fboats%2Fsuccesses%2Fu188.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+submarine+U-188" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_submarine_U-188&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuschRöll1999" class="citation book cs1">Busch, Rainer; Röll, Hans-Joachim (1999). <i>German U-boat commanders of World War II : a biographical dictionary</i>. Translated by Brooks, Geoffrey. London, Annapolis, Md: Greenhill Books, Naval Institute Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55750-186-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-55750-186-6"><bdi>1-55750-186-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=German+U-boat+commanders+of+World+War+II+%3A+a+biographical+dictionary&rft.place=London%2C+Annapolis%2C+Md&rft.pub=Greenhill+Books%2C+Naval+Institute+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=1-55750-186-6&rft.aulast=Busch&rft.aufirst=Rainer&rft.au=R%C3%B6ll%2C+Hans-Joachim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+submarine+U-188" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuschRöll1999" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Busch, Rainer; Röll, Hans-Joachim (1999). <i>Deutsche U-Boot-Verluste von September 1939 bis Mai 1945</i> [<i>German U-boat losses from September 1939 to May 1945</i>]. Der U-Boot-Krieg (in German). Vol. IV. Hamburg, Berlin, Bonn: Mittler. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-8132-0514-2" title="Special:BookSources/3-8132-0514-2"><bdi>3-8132-0514-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Deutsche+U-Boot-Verluste+von+September+1939+bis+Mai+1945&rft.place=Hamburg%2C+Berlin%2C+Bonn&rft.series=Der+U-Boot-Krieg&rft.pub=Mittler&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=3-8132-0514-2&rft.aulast=Busch&rft.aufirst=Rainer&rft.au=R%C3%B6ll%2C+Hans-Joachim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+submarine+U-188" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGröner1991" class="citation book cs1">Gröner, Erich; Jung, Dieter; Maass, Martin (1991). <i>U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels</i>. German Warships 1815–1945. Vol. 2. Translated by Thomas, Keith; Magowan, Rachel. London: Conway Maritime Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85177-593-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-85177-593-4"><bdi>0-85177-593-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=U-boats+and+Mine+Warfare+Vessels&rft.place=London&rft.series=German+Warships+1815%E2%80%931945&rft.pub=Conway+Maritime+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-85177-593-4&rft.aulast=Gr%C3%B6ner&rft.aufirst=Erich&rft.au=Jung%2C+Dieter&rft.au=Maass%2C+Martin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+submarine+U-188" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_submarine_U-188&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHelgason" class="citation web cs1">Helgason, Guðmundur. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uboat.net/boats/u188.htm">"The Type IXC/40 boat U-188"</a>. <i>German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=German+U-boats+of+WWII+-+uboat.net&rft.atitle=The+Type+IXC%2F40+boat+U-188&rft.aulast=Helgason&rft.aufirst=Gu%C3%B0mundur&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuboat.net%2Fboats%2Fu188.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+submarine+U-188" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHofmann" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hofmann, Markus. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.u-boot-archiv.de/dieboote/u0188.html">"<i>U 188</i>"</a>. <i>Deutsche U-Boote 1935-1945 - u-boot-archiv.de</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deutsche+U-Boote+1935-1945+-+u-boot-archiv.de&rft.atitle=U+188&rft.aulast=Hofmann&rft.aufirst=Markus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.u-boot-archiv.de%2Fdieboote%2Fu0188.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+submarine+U-188" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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title="Template talk:German Type IXC/40 submarines"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:German_Type_IXC/40_submarines" title="Special:EditPage/Template:German Type IXC/40 submarines"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="German_Type_IXC/40_submarines" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/German_Type_IX_submarine" class="mw-redirect" title="German Type IX submarine">German Type IXC/40 submarines</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-167_(1942)" title="German submarine U-167 (1942)"><i>U-167</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-168" title="German submarine U-168"><i>U-168</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-169" title="German submarine U-169"><i>U-169</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-170" title="German submarine U-170"><i>U-170</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-183" title="German submarine U-183"><i>U-183</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-184" title="German submarine U-184"><i>U-184</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-185" title="German submarine U-185"><i>U-185</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-186" title="German submarine U-186"><i>U-186</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-187" title="German submarine U-187"><i>U-187</i></a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>U-188</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-189" title="German submarine U-189"><i>U-189</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-190" title="German submarine U-190"><i>U-190</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-191" title="German submarine U-191"><i>U-191</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-192" title="German submarine U-192"><i>U-192</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-193" title="German submarine U-193"><i>U-193</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-194" title="German submarine U-194"><i>U-194</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-525" title="German submarine U-525"><i>U-525</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-526" title="German submarine U-526"><i>U-526</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-527" title="German submarine U-527"><i>U-527</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-528" title="German submarine U-528"><i>U-528</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-529" title="German submarine U-529"><i>U-529</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-530" title="German submarine U-530"><i>U-530</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-531" title="German submarine U-531"><i>U-531</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-532" title="German submarine U-532"><i>U-532</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-533" title="German submarine U-533"><i>U-533</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-534" title="German submarine U-534"><i>U-534</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-535" title="German submarine U-535"><i>U-535</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-536" title="German submarine U-536"><i>U-536</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-537" title="German submarine U-537"><i>U-537</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-538" title="German submarine U-538"><i>U-538</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-539" title="German submarine U-539"><i>U-539</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-540" title="German submarine U-540"><i>U-540</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-541" title="German submarine U-541"><i>U-541</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-542" title="German submarine U-542"><i>U-542</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-543" title="German submarine U-543"><i>U-543</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-544" title="German submarine U-544"><i>U-544</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-545" title="German submarine U-545"><i>U-545</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-546" title="German submarine U-546"><i>U-546</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-547" title="German submarine U-547"><i>U-547</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-548" title="German submarine U-548"><i>U-548</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-549" title="German submarine U-549"><i>U-549</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-550" title="German submarine U-550"><i>U-550</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-801" title="German submarine U-801"><i>U-801</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-802" title="German submarine U-802"><i>U-802</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-803" title="German submarine U-803"><i>U-803</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-804" title="German submarine U-804"><i>U-804</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-805" title="German submarine U-805"><i>U-805</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-806" title="German submarine U-806"><i>U-806</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-841" title="German submarine U-841"><i>U-841</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-842" title="German submarine U-842"><i>U-842</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-843" title="German submarine U-843"><i>U-843</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-844" title="German submarine U-844"><i>U-844</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-845" title="German submarine U-845"><i>U-845</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-846" title="German submarine U-846"><i>U-846</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-853" title="German submarine U-853"><i>U-853</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-854" title="German submarine U-854"><i>U-854</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-855" title="German submarine U-855"><i>U-855</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-856" title="German submarine U-856"><i>U-856</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-857" title="German submarine U-857"><i>U-857</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-858" title="German submarine U-858"><i>U-858</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-865" title="German submarine U-865"><i>U-865</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-866" title="German submarine U-866"><i>U-866</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-867" title="German submarine U-867"><i>U-867</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-868" title="German submarine U-868"><i>U-868</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-869" title="German submarine U-869"><i>U-869</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-870" title="German submarine U-870"><i>U-870</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-877" title="German submarine U-877"><i>U-877</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-878" title="German submarine U-878"><i>U-878</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-879" title="German submarine U-879"><i>U-879</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-880" title="German submarine U-880"><i>U-880</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-881" title="German submarine U-881"><i>U-881</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-889" title="German submarine U-889"><i>U-889</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-1221" title="German submarine U-1221"><i>U-1221</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-1222" title="German submarine U-1222"><i>U-1222</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-1223" title="German submarine U-1223"><i>U-1223</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-1224" title="German submarine U-1224"><i>U-1224</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-1225" title="German submarine U-1225"><i>U-1225</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-1226" title="German submarine U-1226"><i>U-1226</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-1227" title="German submarine U-1227"><i>U-1227</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-1228" title="German submarine U-1228"><i>U-1228</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-1229" title="German submarine U-1229"><i>U-1229</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-1230" title="German submarine U-1230"><i>U-1230</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-1231" title="German submarine U-1231"><i>U-1231</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-1232" title="German submarine U-1232"><i>U-1232</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-1233" title="German submarine U-1233"><i>U-1233</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-1234" title="German submarine U-1234"><i>U-1234</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-1235" title="German submarine U-1235"><i>U-1235</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Preceded by: <a href="/wiki/Type_IXC_submarine" class="mw-redirect" title="Type IXC submarine">Type IXC</a></li> <li>Followed by: <a href="/wiki/Type_IXD/42_submarine" class="mw-redirect" title="Type IXD/42 submarine">Type IXD</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U-boats_of_Germany" title="List of U-boats of Germany">List of U-boats of Germany</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Shipwrecks_and_maritime_incidents_in_August_1944" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:August_1944_shipwrecks" title="Template:August 1944 shipwrecks"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:August_1944_shipwrecks" title="Template talk:August 1944 shipwrecks"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:August_1944_shipwrecks" title="Special:EditPage/Template:August 1944 shipwrecks"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Shipwrecks_and_maritime_incidents_in_August_1944" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in August 1944</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_August_1944" title="List of shipwrecks in August 1944">Shipwrecks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">2 Aug: <a href="/wiki/USS_Fiske_(DE-143)" title="USS Fiske (DE-143)">USS <i>Fiske</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">3 Aug: <a href="/wiki/HMS_Quorn_(L66)" title="HMS Quorn (L66)">HMS <i>Quorn</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">4 Aug: <a href="/wiki/MS_Tannenfels" title="MS Tannenfels"><i>Tannenfels</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_destroyer_Matsu_(1944)" title="Japanese destroyer Matsu (1944)"><i>Matsu</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">5 Aug: <a href="/wiki/MV_Mefk%C3%BCre" title="MV Mefküre"><i>Mefküre</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-671" title="German submarine U-671"><i>U-671</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">6 Aug: <a href="/wiki/MV_Empire_City" title="MV Empire City"><i>Empire City</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/German_weather_ship_Sachsenwald" title="German weather ship Sachsenwald"><i>Sachsenwald</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/French_submarine_Th%C3%A9tis" title="French submarine Thétis"><i>Thétis</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-471" title="German submarine U-471"><i>U-471</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-736" title="German submarine U-736"><i>U-736</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-952" title="German submarine U-952"><i>U-952</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-969" title="German submarine U-969"><i>U-969</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/German_trawler_V_1523_Deltra_I" title="German trawler V 1523 Deltra I">V 215 <i>Oliva</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">7 Aug: <a href="/wiki/SS_Amsterdam_(1930)" title="SS Amsterdam (1930)"><i>Amsterdam</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/MV_Empire_Day" title="MV Empire Day"><i>Empire Day</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_cruiser_Nagara" title="Japanese cruiser Nagara"><i>Nagara</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">8 Aug: <a href="/wiki/SS_Conte_Verde" title="SS Conte Verde"><i>Conte Verde</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/HMCS_Regina_(K234)" title="HMCS Regina (K234)">HMCS <i>Regina</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_minesweeper_Tama_Maru_No._6" title="Japanese minesweeper Tama Maru No. 6"><i>Tama Maru No. 6</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/German_trawler_V_104_Falke" title="German trawler V 104 Falke"><i>V 104 Falke</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">9 Aug: <a href="/wiki/German_tanker_Spichern" title="German tanker Spichern"><i>Spichern</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">10 Aug: <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-608" title="German submarine U-608"><i>U-608</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">11 Aug: <a href="/wiki/German_trawler_V_623_Jupiter" title="German trawler V 623 Jupiter"><i>V 623 Jupiter</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-385" title="German submarine U-385"><i>U-385</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-967" title="German submarine U-967"><i>U-967</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">12 Aug: <a href="/wiki/Soviet_minesweeper_T-114" title="Soviet minesweeper T-114"><i>T-114</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Soviet_minesweeper_T-118" title="Soviet minesweeper T-118"><i>T-118</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-198" title="German submarine U-198"><i>U-198</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-981" title="German submarine U-981"><i>U-981</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/German_trawler_V_410_Germania" title="German trawler V 410 Germania"><i>V 410 Germania</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">13 Aug: <a href="/wiki/USS_Flier" title="USS Flier">USS <i>Flier</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-270" title="German submarine U-270"><i>U-270</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/German_trawler_V_1101_Preu%C3%9Fen" title="German trawler V 1101 Preußen"><i>V 1101 Preußen</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">14 Aug: <a href="/wiki/German_trawler_V_605_Arthur_Duncker" title="German trawler V 605 Arthur Duncker"><i>V 605 Arthur Duncker</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/French_cruiser_Gueydon" title="French cruiser Gueydon"><i>Gueydon</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-618" title="German submarine U-618"><i>U-618</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">15 Aug: <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-741" title="German submarine U-741"><i>U-741</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">16 Aug: <a href="/wiki/French_cruiser_Montcalm_(1900)" title="French cruiser Montcalm (1900)"><i>Trémintin</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">17 Aug: <i><a href="/wiki/Italian_destroyer_Pilade_Bronzetti" title="Italian destroyer Pilade Bronzetti">TA35</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">18 Aug: <a href="/wiki/French_cruiser_La_Galissonni%C3%A8re" title="French cruiser La Galissonnière"><i>La Galissonnière</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_cruiser_Natori" title="Japanese cruiser Natori"><i>Natori</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/French_battleship_Strasbourg" title="French battleship Strasbourg"><i>Strasbourg</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Taiy%C5%8D" title="Japanese aircraft carrier Taiyō"><i>Taiyō</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/MS_Aramis" title="MS Aramis"><i>Teia Maru</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-107_(1940)" title="German submarine U-107 (1940)"><i>U-107</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-129_(1941)" title="German submarine U-129 (1941)"><i>U-129</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-621" title="German submarine U-621"><i>U-621</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">19 Aug: <a href="/wiki/French_seaplane_carrier_Commandant_Teste" title="French seaplane carrier Commandant Teste"><i>Commandant Teste</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_fleet_oiler_Hayasui" title="Japanese fleet oiler Hayasui"><i>Hayasui</i></a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Tamatsu_Maru" title="Tamatsu Maru">Tamatsu Maru</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-123_(1940)" title="German submarine U-123 (1940)"><i>U-123</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-466" title="German submarine U-466"><i>U-466</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/HMS_Bradman" title="HMS Bradman">V-6112 <i>Friese</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">20 Aug: <a href="/wiki/SS_Richard_Montgomery" title="SS Richard Montgomery"><i>Richard Montgomery</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-9_(1935)" title="German submarine U-9 (1935)"><i>U-9</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-413" title="German submarine U-413"><i>U-413</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-984" title="German submarine U-984"><i>U-984</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-1229" title="German submarine U-1229"><i>U-1229</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/German_trawler_V_409_August_B%C3%B6sch" title="German trawler V 409 August Bösch"><i>V 409 August Bösch</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">21 Aug: <a href="/wiki/HMCS_Alberni" title="HMCS Alberni">HMCS <i>Alberni</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/HMS_Kite_(U87)" title="HMS Kite (U87)">HMS <i>Kite</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/HMS_Orchis" title="HMS Orchis">HMS <i>Orchis</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-230" title="German submarine U-230"><i>U-230</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/German_trawler_V_402_Dr._Adolf_Spilker" title="German trawler V 402 Dr. Adolf Spilker">V 402 <i>Dr. Adolf Spilker</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/German_destroyer_Z23" title="German destroyer Z23"><i>Z23</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">22 Aug: <a href="/wiki/HMS_Bickerton" title="HMS Bickerton">HMS <i>Bickerton</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/HMS_Loyalty_(J217)" title="HMS Loyalty (J217)">HMS <i>Loyalty</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_escort_ship_Matsuwa" title="Japanese escort ship Matsuwa"><i>Matsuwa</i></a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Tsushima_Maru" title="Tsushima Maru">Tsushima Maru</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-344" title="German submarine U-344"><i>U-344</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/German_trawler_V_401_Jan_Mayen" title="German trawler V 401 Jan Mayen"><i>V 401 Jan Mayen</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/German_trawler_V_405_J._Hinrich_Wilhelms" title="German trawler V 405 J. Hinrich Wilhelms"><i>V 405 J. Hinrich Wilhelms</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/German_trawler_V_413_Ferdinand_Niedermeyer" title="German trawler V 413 Ferdinand Niedermeyer"><i>V 413 Ferdinand Niedermeyer</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">23 Aug: <a href="/wiki/Japanese_destroyer_Asakaze_(1922)" title="Japanese destroyer Asakaze (1922)"><i>Asakaze</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-180" title="German submarine U-180"><i>U-180</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">24 Aug: <a href="/wiki/USS_Harder_(SS-257)" title="USS Harder (SS-257)">USS <i>Harder</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/NMS_Mihail_Kog%C4%83lniceanu" title="NMS Mihail Kogălniceanu">NMS <i>Mihail Kogălniceanu</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-354" title="German submarine U-354"><i>U-354</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-445" title="German submarine U-445"><i>U-445</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/German_destroyer_Z37" title="German destroyer Z37"><i>Z37</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">25 Aug: <i><a href="/wiki/SS_Ph%C3%B6nix_(1913)" title="SS Phönix (1913)">Sperrbrecher 136</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-18_(1935)" title="German submarine U-18 (1935)"><i>U-18</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-24_(1936)" title="German submarine U-24 (1936)"><i>U-24</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-178" title="German submarine U-178"><i>U-178</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-667" title="German submarine U-667"><i>U-667</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Calvi-class_submarine#Giuseppe_Finzi" title="Calvi-class submarine"><i>UIT-21</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_destroyer_Y%C5%ABnagi_(1924)" title="Japanese destroyer Yūnagi (1924)"><i>Yūnagi</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/German_destroyer_Z24" title="German destroyer Z24"><i>Z24</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">26 Aug: <a href="/wiki/Japanese_destroyer_Samidare_(1935)" title="Japanese destroyer Samidare (1935)"><i>Samidare</i></a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>U-188</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/German_trawler_V_404_Baden" title="German trawler V 404 Baden"><i>V 404 Baden</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/German_trawler_V_411_Saarland" title="German trawler V 411 Saarland"><i>V 411 Saarland</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">27 Aug: <a href="/wiki/HMS_Britomart_(J22)" title="HMS Britomart (J22)">HMS <i>Britomart</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Richelieu-class_battleship#Clemenceau_and_Gascogne" title="Richelieu-class battleship"><i>Clemenceau</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/HMS_Hussar_(J82)" title="HMS Hussar (J82)">HMS <i>Hussar</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">28 Aug: <a href="/wiki/SS_John_Barry" title="SS John Barry"><i>John Barry</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/German_trawler_V_407_Dorum" title="German trawler V 407 Dorum"><i>V 407 Dorum</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">30 Aug: <a href="/wiki/SS_De_Grasse" title="SS De Grasse"><i>De Grasse</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/HNLMS_Abraham_van_der_Hulst_(1937)" title="HNLMS Abraham van der Hulst (1937)"><i>M553</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">31 Aug: <a href="/wiki/Japanese_minelayer_Shirataka" title="Japanese minelayer Shirataka"><i>Shirataka</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Unknown date: <a href="/wiki/French_battleship_Condorcet" title="French battleship Condorcet"><i>Condorcet</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Kulmerland_(ship)" title="Kulmerland (ship)"><i>Kulmerland</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/MV_Bianca_C." title="MV Bianca C."><i>Marechal Petain</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-925" title="German submarine U-925"><i>U-925</i></a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other incidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">4 Aug: <i><a href="/wiki/SS_Verdala" title="SS Verdala">Maycrest</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">15 Aug: <a href="/wiki/HM_LST-404" title="HM LST-404"><i>LST-404</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">16 Aug: <a href="/wiki/USS_S-38" title="USS S-38">USS <i>S-38</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">18 Aug: <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-1054" title="German submarine U-1054"><i>U-1054</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">20 Aug: <a href="/wiki/MV_Daronia" title="MV Daronia"><i>Daronia</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">22 Aug: <a href="/wiki/HMS_Nabob_(D77)" title="HMS Nabob (D77)">HMS <i>Nabob</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">27 Aug: <a href="/wiki/USS_Pollack_(SS-180)" title="USS Pollack (SS-180)">USS <i>Pollack</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">31 Aug: <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-1000" title="German submarine U-1000"><i>U-1000</i></a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_1943" title="List of shipwrecks in 1943">1943</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_1943" title="List of shipwrecks in 1943"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg/12px-Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg/18px-Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg/24px-Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_1944" title="List of shipwrecks in 1944">1944</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_1945" title="List of shipwrecks in 1945"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg/12px-Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg/18px-Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg/24px-Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_1945" title="List of shipwrecks in 1945">1945</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_July_1944" title="List of shipwrecks in July 1944">July 1944</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_July_1944" title="List of shipwrecks in July 1944"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg/12px-Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg/18px-Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg/24px-Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_September_1944" title="List of shipwrecks in September 1944"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg/12px-Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg/18px-Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg/24px-Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_September_1944" title="List of shipwrecks in September 1944">September 1944</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=German_submarine_U-188&params=44_50_N_00_34_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">44°50′N</span> <span class="longitude">00°34′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">44.833°N 0.567°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">44.833; -0.567</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=German_submarine_U-188&oldid=1217199472">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=German_submarine_U-188&oldid=1217199472</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:German_Type_IX_submarines" title="Category:German Type IX submarines">German Type IX submarines</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:U-boats_commissioned_in_1942" title="Category:U-boats commissioned in 1942">U-boats commissioned in 1942</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:U-boats_scuttled_in_1944" title="Category:U-boats scuttled in 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