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Storytelling - Wikipedia
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<div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Geschiedenis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geschiedenis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Geschiedenis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geschiedenis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Neergang_en_opleving" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neergang_en_opleving"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Neergang en opleving</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neergang_en_opleving-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nederland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nederland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Nederland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nederland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Corporate_storytelling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Corporate_storytelling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Corporate storytelling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Corporate_storytelling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-True_stories" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#True_stories"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>True stories</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-True_stories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zie_ook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zie_ook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Zie ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zie_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referenties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referenties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Referenties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referenties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literatuur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literatuur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Literatuur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literatuur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Beschikbaar in 36 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-36" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">36 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B5%D8%B5" title="رواية القصص – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رواية القصص" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narraci%C3%B3_d%27hist%C3%B2ries" title="Narració d'històries – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Narració d'històries" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort%C3%A6lling_(storytelling)" title="Fortælling (storytelling) – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Fortælling (storytelling)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salima_Salimbu" title="Salima Salimbu – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Salima Salimbu" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erz%C3%A4hlkunst" title="Erzählkunst – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Erzählkunst" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storytelling" title="Storytelling – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Storytelling" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakontado" title="Rakontado – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Rakontado" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narraci%C3%B3n_de_historias" title="Narración de historias – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Narración de historias" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B5%D9%87%E2%80%8C%DA%AF%D9%88%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="قصهگویی – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="قصهگویی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storytelling_(technique)" title="Storytelling (technique) – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Storytelling (technique)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D" title="סיפור סיפורים – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סיפור סיפורים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="कहानीकारी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कहानीकारी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bercerita" title="Bercerita – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bercerita" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagnamennska" title="Sagnamennska – IJslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Sagnamennska" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="IJslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storytelling" title="Storytelling – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Storytelling" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%86%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0" title="ストーリーテリング – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ストーリーテリング" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%ED%86%A0%EB%A6%AC%ED%85%94%EB%A7%81" title="스토리텔링 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="스토리텔링" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narratio_fabularum" title="Narratio fabularum – Latijn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Narratio fabularum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latijn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penglipur_lara" title="Penglipur lara – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Penglipur lara" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortelling" title="Fortelling – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Fortelling" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%89%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%BE" title="ਬਾਤਾਂ ਪਾਉਣਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬਾਤਾਂ ਪਾਉਣਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcm mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storytelling" title="Storytelling – Nigeriaans Pidgin" lang="pcm" hreflang="pcm" data-title="Storytelling" data-language-autonym="Naijá" data-language-local-name="Nigeriaans Pidgin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Naijá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narra%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_hist%C3%B3rias" title="Narração de histórias – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Narração de histórias" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storytelling" title="Storytelling – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Storytelling" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Сказительство – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сказительство" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zgodbarjenje" title="Zgodbarjenje – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Zgodbarjenje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tregimtaria" title="Tregimtaria – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Tregimtaria" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historieber%C3%A4ttande" title="Historieberättande – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Historieberättande" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="கதைகூறல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கதைகூறல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87" title="การเล่าเรื่อง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การเล่าเรื่อง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hik%C3%A2yecilik" title="Hikâyecilik – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hikâyecilik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%8C_(%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%81)" title="Оповідь (процес) – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Оповідь (процес)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B5%DB%81_%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C" title="قصہ گوئی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="قصہ گوئی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%99%E4%BA%8B" title="叙事 – Wuyu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="叙事" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%99%E4%BA%8B" title="叙事 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="叙事" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Uit Wikipedia, de vrije encyclopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Millais_Boyhood_of_Raleigh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Millais_Boyhood_of_Raleigh.jpg/260px-Millais_Boyhood_of_Raleigh.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Millais_Boyhood_of_Raleigh.jpg/390px-Millais_Boyhood_of_Raleigh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Millais_Boyhood_of_Raleigh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="432" /></a><figcaption><i>The Boyhood of Raleigh</i> van <a href="/wiki/John_Everett_Millais" title="John Everett Millais">John Everett Millais</a>, olieverf op doek, 1870. Een zeeman vertelt de jonge <a href="/wiki/Walter_Raleigh" title="Walter Raleigh">Walter Raleigh</a> en diens broer een verhaal over gebeurtenissen op zee</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Storytelling</b> – verhalen vertellen – is de sociale en culturele activiteit van het vertellen van <a href="/wiki/Verhaal" title="Verhaal">verhalen</a>. De term ‘storytelling’ in engere zin gaat over het mondeling vertellen van verhalen, waarbij de verteller en de luisteraars in dezelfde ruimte zijn, in direct contact. Dit is de vorm van storytelling waar dit artikel over gaat. In bredere zin kan storytelling verwijzen naar het vertellen via andere media, zoals boeken of films, en in het bijzonder naar <i>digital storytelling.</i> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geschiedenis">Geschiedenis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Storytelling&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Geschiedenis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Storytelling&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Geschiedenis"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vertellen van <a href="/wiki/Verhaal" title="Verhaal">verhalen</a> bestaat waarschijnlijk al zo lang als de mensheid beschikking heeft over vuur en mensen tijd en gelegenheid kregen om elkaar rondom het kampvuur verhalen te vertellen. </p><p>Op een gegeven moment kwamen in culturen van noord tot zuid en van oost tot west mensen, mannen of vrouwen, die zich speciaal toelegden op het vertellen van verhalen, en daar in sommige gevallen ook mee in hun onderhoud voorzagen. Natuurlijk bleef men daarnaast verhalen vertellen binnen de familie, tussen vrienden of collega’s. </p><p>De rol van deze gespecialiseerde verhalenvertellers en de manier waarop ze vertelden vertoonde veel variatie tussen en binnen culturen en in verschillende tijden. Zo waren er vertellers in dienst van heersers, die de heldendaden van hun broodheer en zijn krijgers bezongen, zoals de Scandinavische <a href="/wiki/Skald_(Noordse_hofdichter)" title="Skald (Noordse hofdichter)">skald</a> of de Keltische <a href="/wiki/Bard_(zanger)" title="Bard (zanger)">bard</a> teulu <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Er waren rondreizende vertellers (<a href="/wiki/Troubadour" title="Troubadour">jongleurs, troubadours</a> in Frankrijk, skomorokhi in Russia, kalamkari in India en veel meer op alle continenten <sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), en lokale of reizende vertellers met een religieuze functie (bijvoorbeeld pyjai in Suriname <sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, kalêki in Rusland<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> tempelvertellers in India<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). In koffiehuizen in het Midden-Oosten vertelden en vertellen soms nog <a href="/wiki/Hakawati" title="Hakawati">hakawati</a><sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> en op de markten van Marokko hlaykia <sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. In West-Afrika is de <a href="/wiki/Griot" title="Griot">griot</a> een dichter, lofzanger en muzikant, en wordt beschouwd als bewaarder en verteller van mondeling overgebrachte tradities en geschiedenis <sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, om maar enkele voorbeelden te noemen. </p><p>De vorm van de vertellingen varieerde en varieert. Veel oude verhalen waren in een of andere versvorm (bijvoorbeeld <a href="/wiki/Po%C3%ABtische_Edda" title="Poëtische Edda">Edda</a> en <a href="/wiki/Epos" title="Epos">heldendichten</a>). Sommige vertellers blonken uit in het zo nauwkeurig mogelijk reciteren of zingen van bestaande verzen, anderen maakten zelf nieuwe. Weer andere vertellers vertelden in proza, al dan niet gebruikmakend van hun eigen fantasie. Vertellers maakten gebruik van begeleidende muziek, van plaatjes (bijvoorbeeld verteldoeken in India, <a href="/wiki/Kamishibai" title="Kamishibai">kamishibai</a> in Japan) of andere attributen <sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Neergang_en_opleving">Neergang en opleving</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Storytelling&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Neergang en opleving" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Storytelling&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Neergang en opleving"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De populariteit van verhalenvertellers is in veel culturen afgenomen. Waarschijnlijk doordat steeds meer mensen zelf konden lezen en door de opkomst van andere vormen van recreatie. Er is echter in bijvoorbeeld de Verenigde Staten en in Europa sprake van revival <sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, met festivals, trainingen en andere uitingen. In een project in 2020 wist Alannah Robins contact te leggen met tientallen verhalenvertellers in Europa die samen vijftig verschillende culturen vertegenwoordigden <sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, wat wel aangeeft dat verhalen vertellen (weer) een wijdverbreide activiteit is. Ook in andere delen van de wereld lijkt er een opleving van mondelinge vertelkunst te zijn (Bhutan <sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, India <sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, Arabische wereld <sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nederland">Nederland</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Storytelling&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Nederland" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Storytelling&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Nederland"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ook in Nederland is er sprake van een vertelcultuur met hobbyisten en professionals, met festivals en optredens en met professionele trainingen en opleidingen. Vertelkringen zijn groepen amateurvertellers die samen oefenen en geregeld optreden voor publiek. Bij de Stichting Vertellen zijn er tientallen bekend door het hele land <sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Professionele en semiprofessionele vertellers treden onder andere op op podia, in scholen, kerken en bejaardentehuizen of helpen bijvoorbeeld in musea om cultureel erfgoed voor het voetlicht te brengen. In 2008 benoemde Amsterdam een stadsverhalenverteller.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Amsterdam is er sinds 2014 een gevestigd cultureel centrum voor verhalenvertellen; de <a href="/wiki/Mezrab" title="Mezrab">Mezrab</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> en een jaarlijks festival rondom verhalen; het <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam_Storytelling_Festival" title="Amsterdam Storytelling Festival">Amsterdam Storytelling Festival</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vertellen is in 2020 toegevoegd aan de lijst van Immaterieel Erfgoed <sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Moderne vertellers vertellen meestal in een losse stijl, waarbij hetzelfde verhaal bij elke vertelling anders uitpakt, afhankelijk van de situatie en het publiek. </p><p>Verhalen vertellen is tegenwoordig vaak voornamelijk als verstrooiing bedoeld, maar het wordt ook ingezet op scholen voor taalontwikkeling en in het literatuuronderwijs, voor zingeving in verschillende contexten waaronder religieus, voor verbinding tussen culturen of tussen generaties en zoals hieronder besproken in bedrijven. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Corporate_storytelling">Corporate storytelling</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Storytelling&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Corporate storytelling" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Storytelling&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Corporate storytelling"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Corporate storytelling is een range aan vertelvormen die ten dienste staan van bedrijven. Bij corporate storytelling wordt vaak een verhaal gemaakt passend bij een specifiek bedrijf dat tot doel heeft medewerkers of klanten met elkaar en met het bedrijf te verbinden.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In sommige gevallen is het mondeling vertellen hier ook een onderdeel van. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="True_stories">True stories</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Storytelling&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: True stories" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Storytelling&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: True stories"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Waar de meeste vertellers bestaande of zelfverzonnen verhalen vertellen, zoals <a href="/wiki/Mythe" title="Mythe">mythen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sage_(volksverhaal)" title="Sage (volksverhaal)">sagen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Legende_(volksverhaal)" title="Legende (volksverhaal)">legenden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sprookje" title="Sprookje">sprookjes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Epiek" title="Epiek">epische</a>, historische of literaire verhalen enzovoort, vertellen sommigen zogeheten ‘true stories’, verhalen die de verteller echt zelf heeft meegemaakt. True story evenementen hebben vaak een zogeheten ‘open mic’, waar leden van het publiek hun eigen verhaal kunnen vertellen. Een locatie waar al vrij lang ‘true stories’ worden verteld is <i>The Moth</i><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in New York, VS, maar ook in Nederland vinden zulke bijeenkomsten plaats. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zie_ook">Zie ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Storytelling&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Zie ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Storytelling&action=edit&section=6" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Zie ook"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orale_traditie" title="Orale traditie">Orale traditie</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referenties">Referenties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Storytelling&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Referenties" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Storytelling&action=edit&section=7" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Referenties"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="TEST__CITEREFHadland1929"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67679320">.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding{font-family:sans-serif;font-size:85%;cursor:help;color:var(--color-subtle,#555)}.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding span{border-bottom:1px dotted var(--color-subtle,#555)}</style><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Hadland, F.A.</span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;"></span>  (aug-1929). <cite><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20518588">The Bards of Wales</a></cite>. <i>The Irish Monthly</i> 57 (674): 440-443</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREF1977"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Pellowski, Anne</span> (1977). <cite><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/worldofstorytell00pell">The World of Storytelling</a></i></cite>. R.R. Bowker Company. <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/0-8352-1024-3" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/0-8352-1024-3">ISBN 0-8352-1024-3</a></span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parbode.com/tori-s-tussen-teloorgang-en-opleving/">Tori’s tussen teloorgang en opleving</a>", <i>Parbode</i>, 2013. Geraadpleegd op 29-07-2021.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREF2010_270-283"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Chadwick, H.</span>, <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Chadwick, N.</span> (2010). <cite><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511710995.014">The Growth of Literature</a></i></cite>. Cambridge University Press, "The recitation and composition of religious poetry. the kalêki", pp. 270-283.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Chaudhary, Suchitra Bajpai</span>, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gulfnews.com/entertainment/arts-culture/hakawati-the-ancient-arab-art-of-storytelling-1.712001">Hakawati: the ancient Arab art of storytelling</a>", <i>Gulf News</i>, <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2014-04-05">5 april 2014</span>. Geraadpleegd op 29-07-2021.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREF2013"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Hamilton, Richard</span> (2013). <cite><i>The Last Storytellers: Tales from the Heart of Morocco</i></cite>. I.B. Tauris & Co. Ltd. <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/9781848854918" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/9781848854918">ISBN 9781848854918</a></span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">National Geographic</span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.org/article/storytelling-and-cultural-traditions/">Storytelling and Cultural Traditions</a>. Geraadpleegd op 29-07-2021. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREF2001"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Heywood, Simon R</span> (2001). <cite><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14629/">Storytelling Revivalism in England and Wales: History, Performance and Interpretation (PhD thesis)</a></i></cite>. University of Sheffield.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREFRobbins"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Robbins, Alannah</span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alannahrobins.com/carrying-the-songs">Carrying the songs</a>. Geraadpleegd op 29-07-2021. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="TEST__CITEREFSobol2010"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Sobol, Joseph</span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;"></span>  (january-april 2010). <cite><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41949041">Oracy in the New Millennium: Storytelling Revival in America and Bhutan</a></cite>. <i>Storytelling, Self, Society</i> Special Issue: Bhutan National Storytelling Conference 6 (1): 66-76</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREFMiller2011"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Miller, Eric</span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.storytellinginstitute.org/123.pdf">Aspects of the Storytelling Revival in India</a> (pdf) (2011). Geraadpleegd op 29-07-2021. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stichtingvertellen.nl/vertelkringen/">Stichting Vertellen</a>. Geraadpleegd op 29-07-2021. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestorytellerofamsterdam.com/">Storyteller of Amsterdam</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amsterdamsfondsvoordekunst.nl/fondsinitiatieven/amsterdamprijs-voor-de-kunst/genomineerden-amsterdamprijs-voor-de-kunst-2020/mezrab/">Mezrab</a>. <i>Amsterdams Fonds voor de Kunst</i>. Geraadpleegd op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2022-11-04">4 november 2022</span>. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221104153310/https://www.iamsterdam.com/nl/uit/festivals/culturele-festivals/internationaal-storytelling-festival">Internationaal Storytelling Festival</a>. <i>www.iamsterdam.com</i>. Gearchiveerd op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2022-11-04">4 november 2022</span>. Geraadpleegd op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2022-11-04">4 november 2022</span>. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.immaterieelerfgoed.nl/nl/page/2234/verhalen-vertellen">Immaterieel Erfgoed</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="TEST__CITEREFMcLellan2006"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">McLellan, Hilary</span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;"></span>  (2006). <cite><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://asq.org/quality-resources/articles/corporate-storytelling-perspectives?id=5fe7a7b256f24d7dadd8316da1e46c80">Corporate Storytelling Perspectives</a></cite>. <i>Journal for Quality and Participation</i> 29 (1): 17-20</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://themoth.org">https://themoth.org</a></span> </li> </ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatuur">Literatuur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Storytelling&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Literatuur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Storytelling&action=edit&section=8" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Literatuur"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Schrickx, Joost (2019). <i>Storytelling – De weg naar het hart</i> 1e dr. Stichting Pelicula, Amsterdam, 164 p. <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978-90-822-4633-9" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978-90-822-4633-9">ISBN 978-90-822-4633-9</a></span>. Praktische gereedschappen, oefeningen en tips.</li> <li>Bouma, Mieke (2010). <i>Storytelling in 12 stappen</i>. 1e dr <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978-90-457-0446-3" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978-90-457-0446-3">ISBN 978-90-457-0446-3</a></span></li> <li>Tesselaar, Suzanne en Scheringa, Annet (2008). <i>Storytelling handboek</i>. 1e dr <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978-90-473-0079-3" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978-90-473-0079-3">ISBN 978-90-473-0079-3</a></span></li> <li>Pellowski, Anne (1977) <i>The World of Storytelling</i>, RR Bowker Company, <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/0-8352-1024-3" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/0-8352-1024-3">ISBN 0-8352-1024-3</a></span></li></ul> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐75c465f4c6‐92qcb Cached time: 20241125125743 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.185 seconds Real time usage: 0.483 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 5175/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 21608/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 6806/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 11/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 16734/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.024/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 966389/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 144.906 1 -total 37.38% 54.160 3 Sjabloon:Citeer_tijdschrift 25.71% 37.252 4 Sjabloon:Citeer_boek 20.42% 29.590 6 Sjabloon:Citeer_web 18.12% 26.252 9 Sjabloon:Sfnref 8.91% 12.917 11 Sjabloon:Taal-en 8.06% 11.684 2 Sjabloon:Citeer_nieuws 7.22% 10.460 11 Sjabloon:Taalaanduiding 4.74% 6.871 15 Sjabloon:Aut 1.40% 2.024 5 Sjabloon:Citeerslotjes --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key nlwiki:pcache:idhash:5271120-0!dateformat=default and timestamp 20241125125743 and revision id 66418312. 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