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Add the article for other languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-0" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Add languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="uls-after-portlet-link"></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Spatia nominalia"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Iesus" title="Videre paginam [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Res</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Disputatio:Iesus" rel="discussion" title="Disputatio de hac pagina [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Disputatio</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Latina</span> </label> <div 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You could also send an email to the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Stewards" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/Stewards">stewards</a> <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/VRT" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/VRT">VRT</a> queue at <kbd>stewards@wikimedia.org</kbd> including all above details.</div></div><hr /> <p>Fontem videas et exscribeas: </p><textarea readonly="" accesskey="," id="wpTextbox1" cols="80" rows="25" style="" class="mw-editfont-monospace" lang="la" dir="ltr" name="wpTextbox1">{{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Iesus Nazarenus''' ([[lingua Graeca antiqua communis|Graece]] {{polytonic|Ἰησοῦς ὁ Ναζωραῖος}}; [[Lingua Neograeca|Neograece]] Ιησούς ο Ναζωραίος; [[Lingua Hebraica|Hebraice]] יהשוה vel יֵשׁוּעַ ''Yēšū''[''a'']; natus circa [[5 a.C.n.]]; mortuus anno [[30]] aut [[33]]),<ref name="Sanders">Sanders 1993: 249.</ref> etiam '''Iesus Christus''' et '''Iesus''' tantum appellatus, fuit {{Creanda|en|Preacher|praedicator}} et [[religio]]sus [[dux]] [[Iudaei|Iudaeus]],<ref>Vermes 1981: 20, 26, 27, 29.</ref> qui paene duo [[millennium|millennia]] est principalis figura [[Religio Christiana|Christianitatis]], maximae [[orbis terrarum]] [[religio]]nis. Plurimi [[Christiani]] credunt eum esse {{Creanda|en|Incarnation (Christianity)|incarnatio (Christianitas)|incarnationem}} [[Deus Filius|Dei Filii]] et [[messias|messiam]] exspectatum, ipsum {{Creanda|en|Christ (title)|Christus (titulus)|Christum}} in [[Biblia Hebraica|bibliis Hebraicis]] praedictum. Plurimi<ref>"Plurimi", quod Christianitas fide unita non est; e.g., non omnes [[ecclesia]]e sive denominationes [[Trinitas|Trinitatem]] confitentur aut [[Concilium Nicaenum Primum]] agnoscunt.</ref> quem [[Christiani]] [[Filius Dei|Filium Dei]],<ref>Secundum notionem Trinitatis, Iesus est Deus ut persona Filii.</ref> qui [[salvatio]]nem et reconciliationem [[Deus|Dei]] et [[homo sapiens|hominum]] praebuit, quod pro [[peccatum|peccatis]] humanis [[sacrificium|sacrificatus]] est atque [[Resurrectio|a mortuis resurrexit]].<ref>Wayne Grudem, ''Systematic Theology: An Introduction to Biblical Doctrine'' (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1994), 568–603. ISBN 0-310-28670-0.</ref><ref>J. E. Lesslie Newbigin, [[theologia|theologus]] et [[episcopus]], docet: "The whole of Christian teaching would fall to the ground if it were the case that the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus were not events in real history but stories told to illustrate truths which are valid apart from these happenings," in: ''The Gospel In a Pluralist Society'' (Londinii: SPCK, 1989), 66.</ref> Forma compendiaria nominis Iesu Christi in usu [[liturgia|liturgico]] [[Ecclesia Catholica|Catholico]] est D.N.I.C. ('Dominus Noster Iesus Christus'). Iesu [[vita]]e fontes maximi momenti sunt [[quattuor]]: [[Canon (Biblia)|canonica]] [[Biblia|Bibliorum]] Christianorum [[evangelium|evangelia]], ex quibus homines docti partim variis finibus vitae Iesu describere studebant. Praeter ea, quae in Novo Testamento relata sunt, cum [[litterae|litteris]] non Christianis comparata sunt, ut [[annales|chronologia]] Iesu vitae verisimilis reperiretur. Maxima [[historicus|historiographorum]] pars eum magistrum ([[Lingua Hebraica|Hebraice]] ''[[rabbinus|rabbinum]]'') [[Iudaei|Iudaicum]] ex [[Galilaea]] oriundum describunt, qui in [[Iudaea]] praedicavit et aegros [[salus|sanavit]],<ref>Bart D. Ehrman, [http://www.google.com/search?tbm=bks&tbo=1&q=Rabbi+%22Most+scholars+today%22+%22Jesus+was+a+Jew%22+%22Jewish+rabbi%22+%22Jewish+Palestine%22&btnG= ''Lost Christianities: The Battles for Scripture and the Faiths We Never Knew''] (Oxford University Press, 2003), 96.</ref> a [[Ioannes Baptista|Ioanne Baptista]] [[baptismus|baptizatus]] et iussu [[Pontius Pilatus|Pontii Pilati]] [[Hierosolyma|Hierosolymis]] [[crucifixio|cruci fixus]] est, quod [[res novae|rebus novis]] studuisset.<ref>Raymond E. Brown, The Death of the Messiah: from Gethsemane to the Grave: A Commentary on the Passion Narratives in the Four Gospels (Novi Eboraci: Doubleday 1994),964; et alii fontes.</ref> == De nominibus == [[Fasciculus:Christus Ravenna Mosaic.jpg|thumb|Opinabilis Iesu imago. [[Opus tessellatum]] [[saeculum 6|saeculi sexti]].]] Nomen [[lingua Latina|Latinum]] ''Iesus'' {{victio|Iesus|ú|m}} [[lingua Graeca|Graeco]] {{Polytonic|Ίησοῦς}} ({{Polytonic|-οῦ}} ''Iēsoûs'') respondet, quod appellationem Hebraicam reproducit ישוע vel ישו ''yĕšūa‘'' atque [[lingua Aramaica|Aramaicam]] ''Jeshua'' et ''Jeshu'' vel denuo ''Jehoshua.'' [[Arabice]] sonat عيسى‎ ''ʿIsa.'' Sententia nominis [[etymologia|etymologica]] fuit '[[Iehova|Yahveh]] est sospitatio' seu 'Yahveh salvat': in [[historia]] conceptionis Iesu in [[Evangelium secundum Matthaeum|evangelio Matthaei]] [[angelus]] sic [[Iosephus (pater Iesu)|Iosephum]] de [[Maria (mater Iesu)|Maria]] alloquitur: "pariet autem filium, et vocabis nomen eius Iesum: ipse enim salvum faciet populum suum a peccatis eorum."<ref group="t" name="nomen">{{Polytonic|ἰδοὺ ἄγγελος κυρίου κατ’ ὄναρ ἐφάνη αὐτῷ λέγων, Ἰωσὴφ υἱὸς Δαυίδ, μὴ φοβηθῇς παραλαβεῖν Μαριὰμ τὴν γυναῖκά σου, τὸ γὰρ ἐν αὐτῇ γεννηθὲν ἐκ πνεύματός ἐστιν ἁγίου· τέξεται δὲ υἱὸν καὶ καλέσεις τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ Ἰησοῦν, αὐτὸς γὰρ σώσει τὸν λαὸν αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν αὐτῶν.}}</ref><ref name="nomen1">[[Evangelium secundum Matthaeum|Evangelium Matthaei]] 1.20–21 ([[versio Vulgata]], sicut et infra).</ref> Etiamsi hoc [[nomen proprium]] in una aliave versione frequenter apparuerat, [[Vetus Testamentum|Veteri Testamento]] nulla persona tali nomine vocata praestantius [[vita]] publica [[memoria]]e fuit mandata. [[Saeculum 2 a.C.n.|Saeculo autem II a.C.n.]] hoc nomen auctori [[Liber Ecclesiasticus|libri Ecclesiastici]] datum est ("[[Iesus filius Sirach]] Ierosolymita," Graece {{Polytonic|Ἰησοῦς υἱὸς Σειρὰχ Ἱεροσολυμίτης}}).<ref>[[Liber Ecclesiasticus|Ecclesiasticus]] 50.27.</ref> Attribuitur etiam alicui Iesu Christi proavo in indice [[Evangelium secundum Lucam|evangelii Lucae]] [[genealogia|genealogico]]<ref>[[Evangelium secundum Lucam|Evangelium Lucae]] 3.29.</ref> et cuidam [[Paulus|Pauli]] discipulo.<ref>[[Epistula ad Colossenses]] 4.11.</ref> Nomen eius plenius illis temporibus ''Iesus Nazarenus'' enuntiatus est, [[Graece]] {{Polytonic|Ἰησοῦς ὁ Ναζαρηνός}}<ref>[[Evangelium secundum Marcum|Evangelium Marci]] 1.24; [[Evangelium secundum Lucam|Evangelium Lucae]] 4.34.</ref> vel {{Polytonic|Ἰησοῦς ὁ Ναζωραῖος}}: [[Nazara|Nazareth]] enim in illa urbe habitabat. Sic enim in [[Evangelium secundum Ioannem|evangelio Iohannis]] de litteris [[INRI]] in [[Vera Crux|Cruce]] inscriptis explicatur: "Scripsit autem et titulum Pilatus et posuit [[crucis supplicium|super crucem]]; erat autem scriptum: 'Iesus Nazarenus Rex Iudaeorum' . . . et erat scriptum Hebraice, Latine, Graece."<ref group="t">{{Polytonic|ἔγραψε δὲ καὶ τίτλον ὁ Πιλᾶτος καὶ ἔθηκεν ἐπὶ τοῦ σταυροῦ· ἦν δὲ γεγραμμένον· Ἰησοῦς ὁ Ναζωραῖος ὁ βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων . . . καὶ ἦν γεγραμμένον Ἑβραϊστί, Ἑλληνιστί, Ρωμαϊστί.}}</ref><ref>[[Evangelium secundum Ioannem|Evangelium Iohannis]] 19.19-20</ref> At plenissime "Iesus a Nazareth Galilaeae" appellatus est ob regionem [[Galilaea]]m ubi Nazareth iacet: ita evangelium Matthaei refert: "Populi autem dicebant, 'Hic est Iesus propheta a Nazareth Galilaeae.'"<ref group="t">{{Polytonic|οἱ δὲ ὄχλοι ἔλεγον, Οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ προφήτης Ἰησοῦς ὁ ἀπὸ Ναζαρὲθ τῆς Γαλιλαίας.}}</ref><ref>[[Evangelium secundum Matthaeum|Evangelium Matthaei]] 21.11.</ref> Eius titulus usitatissimus inter [[religio Christiana|Christianos]] (quorum nuncupatio ex hoc ipso titulo trahitur) est ''Christus'' (Graece {{polytonic|ὁ χριστός}}) 'unctus' significans. [[Rex|Reges]] enim et [[propheta]]e Iudaeorum olim uncti erant et Hebraice משיח ''mašíaḥ'' 'unctus' nuncupati. In [[historia]] igitur nativitatis in evangelio Matthaei, [[magi (Biblia)|magis]] de rege Iudaeorum nuper nato postulantibus, [[Herodes]] rex "sciscitabatur . . . ubi Christus nasceretur."<ref group="t">{{Polytonic|ἐπυνθάνετο . . . ποῦ ὁ χριστὸς γεννᾶται.}}</ref><ref>[[Evangelium secundum Matthaeum|Evangelium Matthaei]] 2.4.</ref> [[Petrus]] in eodem evangelio proclamavisse dicitur "tu es Christus", ut qui diceret "Messias es" vel "Unctus es".<ref group="t">{{Polytonic|ἀποκριθεὶς δὲ Σίμων Πέτρος εἶπεν, Σὺ εἶ ὁ χριστὸς ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ τοῦ ζῶντος.}}</ref><ref>Plenius: "Tu es Christus, filius Dei vivi." [[Evangelium secundum Matthaeum|Evangelium Matthaei]] 16.16.</ref> Mox reperitur titulus cum nomine proprio coniunctus, sed in evangeliis rarissime: ter apud Matthaeum, "Ioseph virum Mariae de qua natus est Iesus qui vocatur Christus,"<ref group="t">{{Polytonic|Ἰωσὴφ τὸν ἄνδρα Μαρίας, ἐξ ἧς ἐγεννήθη Ἰησοῦς ὁ λεγόμενος χριστός.}}</ref><ref>[[Evangelium secundum Matthaeum|Evangelium Matthaei]] 1.16 (in genealogia Iesú), cf. 27.17 et 22 (verba [[Pontius Pilatus|Pilati]])</ref> bis apud Iohannem, "ut cognoscant te, solum verum Deum, et quem misisti, Iesum Christum,"<ref group="t">{{Polytonic|ἵνα γινώσκωσιν σὲ τὸν μόνον ἀληθινὸν Θεὸν καὶ ὃν ἀπέστειλας Ἰησοῦν χριστόν.}}</ref><ref>[[Evangelium secundum Ioannem|Evangelium Iohannis]] 17.3; confer 1.17.</ref> crebriter in epistulis [[Paulus|Pauli]]. Hic autem titulus rapidissime ab aliis sicut nomen interpretatus est si verba [[Suetonius|Suetonii]] recte intelleguntur, qui de [[Claudius (imperator)|Claudio]] refert: "Iudaeos impulsore Chresto assidue tumultuantis Roma expulit."<ref>[[Suetonius]], ''[[De vita Caesarum]]'' "Divus Claudius" 25.</ref> Bis in evangelio Iohannis verbum illud [[lingua Hebraica|Hebraicum]] [[littera|litteris]] [[lingua Graeca|Graecis]] (et mox [[lingua Latina|Latinis]]) scribitur, {{Polytonic|ὁ Μεσσίας}} 'Messias'. Ita [[Petrus|Petro]] nuntiatur: "Invenimus Messiam, quod est interpretatum Christus."<ref group="t">{{Polytonic|Εὑρήκαμεν τὸν μεσσίαν· ὅ ἐστιν μεθερμηνευόμενον χριστός.}}</ref><ref>[[Evangelium secundum Ioannem|Evangelium Iohannis]] 1.41, cf. 4.25.</ref> Aliis nuncupationibus ''Dominus'' additur, quod (secundum [[Actus Apostolorum]]) "et Dominum eum et Christum Deus fecit hunc Iesum quem vos crucifixistis,"<ref group="t">{{Polytonic|καὶ κύριον καὶ χριστὸν αὐτὸν ὁ Θεὸς ἐποίησε, τοῦτον τὸν Ἰησοῦν ὃν ὑμεῖς ἐσταυρώσατε.}}</ref><ref>[[Actus Apostolorum]] 2.36.</ref> atque quod discipuli iam Domine communiter magistrum suum appellabant, qui secundum [[Evangelium secundum Matthaeum|evangelium Matthaei]] respondit: "Non omnis, qui dicit mihi: 'Domine, Domine,' intrabit in regnum caelorum, sed qui facit voluntatem Patris mei, qui in caelis est. Multi dicent mihi in illa die: 'Domine, Domine, nonne in tuo nomine prophetavimus?'"<ref group="t">{{Polytonic|Οὐ πᾶς ὁ λέγων μοι, Κύριε κύριε, εἰσελεύσεται εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν τῶν οὐρανῶν, ἀλλ’ ὁ ποιῶν τὸ θέλημα τοῦ πατρός μου τοῦ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς. πολλοὶ ἐροῦσίν μοι ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ, Κύριε κύριε, οὐ τῷ σῷ ὀνόματι ἐπροφητεύσαμεν;}}</ref><ref>[[Evangelium secundum Matthaeum|Evangelium Matthaei]] 7.21-22.</ref> == Prima aetas == [[Fasciculus:Raffael 050.jpg|thumb|[[Sacra Familia]]: [[Iosephus (sanctus)|Iosephus]], [[Maria (mater Iesu)|Maria]] (dextra), et Iesus (dextra), cum [[Elizabetha (sancta)|Elizabetha]] et [[Ioannes Baptista|Ioanne Baptista]] eius [[filius|filio]], in [[fabula]] secundum [[Evangelium secundum Lucam|Lucam]]. [[Pictura]] a [[Raphael Sanctius Urbinas|Raphaele]] picta, [[1507]].]] De [[pater]]nitate Iesu (re Christianis praecipua) fontes proximi, scilicet epistulae Pauli et [[Evangelium secundum Marcum|evangelium Marci]], nihil dicunt nisi quod "Dei filius" fuit (hi auctores neque de Maria Iesú matre neque de Iosepho referunt). Prima iam evangelii Marci verba sunt "Initium evangelii Iesu Christi Filii Dei."<ref group="t">{{Polytonic|Ἀρχὴ τοῦ εὐαγγελίου Ἰησοῦ χριστοῦ, υἱοῦ τοῦ Θεοῦ.}}</ref><ref>[[Evangelium secundum Marcum|Evangelium Marci]] 1.1.</ref> Ibi verba {{Polytonic|υἱοῦ τοῦ Θεοῦ}} "filii Dei" e multis libris manu scriptis absunt. Mox [[genealogia Iesu]] in evangeliis canonicis bis modis discrepantibus exscribitur, videlicet [[Evangelium secundum Matthaeum|Matthaei]] ad initium operis et [[Evangelium secundum Lucam|Lucae]] post conceptús et nativitatis narrationes. Lucas genealogiam ascendentem evolvit Iesú ab Iosepho et patre et avo et proavis, [[Adam]] usque et [[Deus|Deum]] Adami patrem.<ref group="t" name="filius">{{Polytonic|Καὶ αὐτὸς ἦν ὁ Ἰησοῦς ὡσεὶ ἐτῶν τριάκοντα ἀρχόμενος, ὢν, ὡς ἐνομίζετο, υἱός Ἰωσήφ, τοῦ Ἠλί ... τοῦ Σήθ, τοῦ Ἀδάμ, τοῦ Θεοῦ.}}</ref><ref name="filius1">Plenius: "Et ipse Iesus erat incipiens quasi annorum triginta, ut putabatur, filius Ioseph, qui fuit Heli ... qui fuit Seth, qui fuit Adam, qui fuit Dei." [[Evangelium secundum Lucam|Evangelium Lucae]] 3.23-38.</ref> Matthaeus a capite genealogiam evolvit, sed ab Abrahamo tantum et usque ad Iosephum (qui filium Iacobi, minime Eli, esse dicitur).<ref>[[Evangelium secundum Matthaeum|Evangelium Matthaei]] 1.1-16</ref> Unde lector credere potuerit Iesum filium esse Iosephi, nisi vel verba Lucae "Iesus . . . ''ut putabatur'' filius Ioseph"<ref group="t" name="filius" /><ref name="filius1" /> legisset, vel [[historia]]m conceptús apud Matthaeum, vel historias [[somnium|somniorum]] et [[angelus|angelorum]] apud ambos. Apud Lucam Dei nuntius, nomine [[Gabriel]], Mariam interpellare describitur: <blockquote>Missus est angelus Gabriel a Deo . . . ad virginem desponsatam viro, cui nomen erat Ioseph de domo David, et nomen virginis Maria. Et ingressus ad eam dixit: "[[Ave Maria|Ave]], gratia plena, Dominus tecum. . . . Ne timeas, Maria; invenisti enim gratiam apud Deum. Et ecce concipies in utero et paries filium et vocabis nomen eius Iesum. Hic erit magnus et Filius Altissimi vocabitur, et dabit illi Dominus Deus sedem David patris eius, et regnabit super domum Iacob in aeternum, et regni eius non erit finis." Dixit autem Maria ad angelum: "Quomodo fiet istud, quoniam virum non cognosco?" Et respondens angelus dixit ei: "Spiritus Sanctus superveniet in te, et virtus Altissimi obumbrabit tibi: ideoque et quod nascetur sanctum, vocabitur Filius Dei.<ref group="t">{{Polytonic|ἀπεστάλη ὁ ἄγγελος Γαβριὴλ ἀπὸ τοῦ Θεοῦ ... πρὸς παρθένον μεμνηστευμένην ἀνδρὶ, ᾧ ὄνομα Ἰωσὴφ, ἐξ οἴκου Δαυῒδ, καὶ τὸ ὄνομα τῆς παρθένου Μαριάμ. καὶ εἰσελθὼν ὁ ἄγγελος πρὸς αὐτὴν εἶπε· Χαῖρε, κεχαριτωμένη· ὁ Κύριος μετὰ σοῦ· εὐλογημένη σὺ ἐν γυναιξίν ... Μὴ φοβοῦ, Μαριάμ· εὗρες γὰρ χάριν παρὰ τῷ Θεῷ. καὶ ἰδοὺ συλλήψῃ ἐν γαστρὶ καὶ τέξῃ υἱόν, καὶ καλέσεις τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ Ἰησοῦν. οὗτος ἔσται μέγας καὶ υἱὸς ὑψίστου κληθήσεται, καὶ δώσει αὐτῷ Κύριος ὁ Θεὸς τὸν θρόνον Δαυῒδ τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ, καὶ βασιλεύσει ἐπὶ τὸν οἶκον Ἰακὼβ εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας, καὶ τῆς βασιλείας αὐτοῦ οὐκ ἔσται τέλος. εἶπε δὲ Μαριὰμ πρὸς τὸν ἄγγελον· Πῶς ἔσται μοι τοῦτο, ἐπεὶ ἄνδρα οὐ γινώσκω; καὶ ἀποκριθεὶς ὁ ἄγγελος εἶπεν αὐτῇ· Πνεῦμα ἅγιον ἐπελεύσεται ἐπὶ σέ καὶ δύναμις ὑψίστου ἐπισκιάσει σοι· διὸ καὶ τὸ γεννώμενον ἅγιον κληθήσεται υἱὸς Θεοῦ.}}</ref><ref>[[Evangelium secundum Lucam|evangelium Lucae]] 1.26–35.</ref> Apud Matthaeum, Maria iam gravida, nuntius ab Iosepho videtur: "Ecce angelus Domini in somnis apparuit ei dicens: 'Ioseph fili David, noli timere accipere Mariam coniugem tuam. Quod enim in ea natum est, de Spiritu Sancto est; pariet autem filium, et vocabis nomen eius Iesum: ipse enim salvum faciet populum suum a peccatis eorum.'"<ref group="t" name="nomen" /><ref name="nomen1" /></blockquote> Duae historiae de Iesu nativitate in eisdem fontibus leguntur. Apud Lucam enim de [[Census Iudaeae|descriptione]] in [[Bethleem]] narratur: eo Iosephum cum uxore gravida profectum esse, quae ibi "peperit filium suum primogenitum; et pannis eum involvit et reclinavit eum in praesepio, quia non erat eis locus in deversorio:"<ref group="t">{{Polytonic|καὶ ἔτεκεν τὸν υἱὸν αὐτῆς τὸν πρωτότοκον· καὶ ἐσπαργάνωσεν αὐτὸν καὶ ἀνέκλινεν αὐτὸν ἐν τῇ φάτνῃ, διότι οὐκ ἦν αὐτοῖς τόπος ἐν τῷ καταλύματι.}}</ref><ref>[[Evangelium secundum Lucam|Evangelium Lucae]] 2.7.</ref> statimque pastores, in regione circumiacente noctu pecora sua custodientes, ab angelo Dei incitatos, inter se dixisse: "'Transeamus usque Bethlehem et videamus hoc verbum, quod factum est, quod Dominus ostendit nobis' Et venerunt festinantes et invenerunt Mariam et Ioseph et infantem positum in praesepio."<ref group="t">{{Polytonic|οἱ ἄνθρωποι οἱ ποιμένες εἶπον πρὸς ἀλλήλους· Διέλθωμεν δὴ ἕως Βηθλέεμ καὶ ἴδωμεν τὸ ῥῆμα τοῦτο τὸ γεγονὸς ὃ ὁ Κύριος ἐγνώρισεν ἡμῖν. καὶ ἦλθον σπεύσαντες καὶ ἀνεῦρον τήν τε Μαριὰμ καὶ τὸν Ἰωσὴφ καὶ τὸ βρέφος κείμενον ἐν τῇ φάτνῃ.}}</ref><ref>[[Evangelium secundum Lucam|Evangelium Lucae]] 2.15-16.</ref> Matthaeus autem, de ratione profectionis ad Bethleem non disserens, visitatores alios eo venisse asseverat, scilicet magos a stella conductos, "et intrantes domum viderunt puerum cum Maria matre eius, et procidentes adoraverunt eum; et apertis thesauris suis, obtulerunt ei munera, aurum et tus et myrrham. Et responso accepto in somnis, ne redirent ad Herodem, per aliam viam reversi sunt in regionem suam."<ref group="t">{{Polytonic|καὶ ἐλθόντες εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν εἶδον τὸ παιδίον μετὰ Μαρίας τῆς μητρὸς αὐτοῦ, καὶ πεσόντες προσεκύνησαν αὐτῷ, καὶ ἀνοίξαντες τοὺς θησαυροὺς αὐτῶν προσήνεγκαν αὐτῷ δῶρα, χρυσὸν καὶ λίβανον καὶ σμύρναν. καὶ χρηματισθέντες κατ’ ὄναρ μὴ ἀνακάμψαι πρὸς Ἡρῴδην, δι’ ἄλλης ὁδοῦ ἀνεχώρησαν εἰς τὴν χώραν αὐτῶν.}}</ref><ref>[[Evangelium secundum Matthaeum|Evangelium Matthaei]] 2.11–12.</ref> Res paucae quas de infantili vita Iesu scimus invenimus in capitibus Matthaeo 1–2 et in capite Lucas 2 in [[Novum Testamentum|Novo Testamento]]. Super praeciso anno nativitis Iesu Christi nonnullae scholae theologicae christiane invicem disputaverunt. Plurimi credunt Iesum anno circa 750 A.U.C. ([[4 a.C.n.]] calendarii Christiani), circiter ante mortem Herodi tetrarchi esse natum. Legimus in Matthaeo Evangelio Herodem Iesum natum necare voluisse propterea quod ipse timuit Novum Regem Messiam in persona Iesu Nazareni esse a prophetis iudaicis praedictum. Cum Herodes vitam Iesu infantis minaturus erat, noctu sopore ab angelo monito, Iosephus iter ad Aegyptum cum uxore sua Maria fecit et cum infante Iesu. Cum Herodes qui vitam infantis Iesu minatus fuit mortem obiit, Iosephus cum [[familia]] Nazarethum redidit a quo loco Iesus cognomen "Nazarenus" accepit. Tempore Paschae Hebraicae relatum est puerum Iesum cum parentibus suis terrestribus Iosepho et Maria ad [[templum]] [[Hierosolyma]]e iter fecerunt. Ad domum reversuri pergentes parentes sui observaverunt [[puer]]um Iesum comitatu deesse. Celeriter reversi ad Hyerosolymam in templo cum religiosis Iudeis disputantem Iesum redinvenerunt magno cum gaudio. Existimabatur hoc tempore esse natum Iesum annos [[duodecim]]. == Vita in evangeliis == [[Fasciculus:The Ministry of Jesus-la.svg|thumb|Tabula geographica ministerii Iesus.]] Vixit circa triginta tres annos Iesus. Evangelia ab Ecclesia apostolica recepta quattuor de ultimis tribus annis ante crucifixionem suam testimonia adhibuerunt Iesum Dei esse filium hominumque salvatorem eos ad Deum appropinquantes. Ut homines [[Deus|Deum]] ament suasit Iesus Christus id esse veram hominis [[natura]]m a Deo benedictam. Iesus discipulos suos mirabilia sancta resque dignas in vita edocebat. Praeterea in Evangeliis conscriptum fuit multos homines aegrotos supranaturali vice sanavisse. Cum [[Hierosolyma]]m ingressus fuisset, multitudo eum tamquam regem acclamabat. Traditur a [[Iudas Iscariot|Iuda Iscariot]] uno eorum et {{Creanda|en|Pharisees|Pharisaei}} eum cum [[Romani antiqui|Romanis]] ceperunt et ad [[mors|supplicionem]] condemnarunt. [[Religio Christiana|Christiani]] vere testificant eum [[Descensus Christi ad Inferos|ad Inferos descendisse]], post triduum ab obitu [[resurrectio|resurrexisse]], et in [[caelum]] [[ascensio|ascendisse]]. == De fontibus == Fontes [[antiquitas|antiquissimi]] nobis servati sunt [[epistulae Paulinae]], Sancto [[Paulus|Paulo]] tributae (qui anno fere [[67]] mortuus est): ille Iesum nunquam vidit, sed de eo a discipulis certiorem factus est. Eodem fere tempore [[Actus Apostolorum]] scripti sunt, iam ante Pauli mortem de qua [[nihil]] dicitur. In his operibus nonnulla de [[doctrina]] vel praedicatione Iesu legimus sed perpauca de [[vita]]. Fontes igitur maximi momenti sunt vitae Iesu antiquiores, quorum quattuor tantum integre servantur, [[Canon (Biblia)|canonicae]] dicta quia in canone [[Novum Testamentum|Novi Testamenti]] receptae sunt. Eruditos plurimi primam earum esse censentur [[evangelium secundum Marcum]]. == Sententiae == === Sententia Christianae religionis === {{vide-etiam|religio Christiana}} Christiani opinantur per [[Novum Testamentum]] et in Testameno aedificantes traditiones eum Messiam esse in vetere testamento, Filiumque Dei. Fideles [[Trinitas|Sanctae Trinitatis]] (plurimae Christianae ecclesiae) secundum fidem ab omnibus saeculis Deus, qui in persona tamen non congruit [[Deus Pater|Patri]], sed Filius Dei, qui ad nos venit ad homines salvandos, et ad Deo reconciliandum, quod ad extremum per mortem passionemque postremo resurrectionem suam vicit. (Ioannes 3:16.<ref>[http://www.vatican.va/archive/bible/nova_vulgata/documents/nova-vulgata_nt_evang-ioannem_lt.html#3].</ref>). Christianorum symboli pars centrica exponit Iesum, atque eius quaestiones disputationis. Iam veteres Christiani intellexerunt non omnes idem de Redemptore suo gravissimum significanti ducunt, quam ii. Hoc dicitur una mente a [[Sanctus Paulus|Sancto Paulo]]: "''nos autem praedicamus Christum crucifixum, Iudaeis quidem scandalum, gentibus autem stultitiam;''" (Ad Corinthios I, 1, 23). Ab ovo personae quaestio semper dissensio erat. [[Christologia|Scientia christologica]] nominata exponit, quis Iesus ex sacrae doctrinae ratione fuerit. [[Argumentatio]] Christologica desiderat personae quiditatem actaque Iesu secundum ad eum spectantes profetiae veteris testamenti, ipsumque fassas sententias evangelicas, ceterosque doctrinas eum demonstrare eiusque aestimare. [[Divinitas|Divinitatis]] Iesu quaestiones in iis, quae dicuntur [[Oecumenicum Concilium|concilia]], disputarunt et sententiam tulerunt. Primum concilium [[Constantinus I]] anno [[325]] [[Nicaea (Turcia)|Nicaeae]] habuit, ut unitatem imperii sustineret, sed ab eo iudicium, quae in origine disputatio theoligica erat, instrumentum politicum formatum est. In his conciliis constituta est ecclesia universalior quam senior, et interim sectae, exemplio gratia [[Arianismus|Ariani]], solutae sunt. Categoriam variam formant [[Antitrinitarismus|antitrinitarii]], qui de Iesu quiditatis sententia singulari sunt accessu: inclinatio antitrinitaria instituta saeculo sexto decimo, primo in [[Transsilvania]] quo facto Edicti in Torda, motus autem iam a concilio Nicaeo religionem minorem significavit inter Christianos. Nonnulli se Christianos putati greges—[[Testes Iehovah]], [[Ecclesia Scientiae Christianae]], [[Mormonismus|Mormoni]], at alii—in divinitate Iesu haud credunt, solum a Deo inspiratum arbitrantur. Plurimi Christiani unum Deum, qui ex [[trinitas|trinitate]], qua Iesus unus est, constat, et Iesum esse [[messias|messiam]] sive [[Christus|Christum]] in [[Vetus Testamentum|Vetere Testamento]] praedictum credunt. Christiani Iesum in [[crux|cruce]] mortuum esse—ideo [[crux Christiana|crux]] est primum religiosum Christianismi signum—et eum postea revixisse et eum hominem curare, credunt. === Sententia Iudaeae religionis === Iudaei Iesum falsum Messiam rentur, orthodoxique Iudaeae adhuc semper rectae Messiae adventum expectant. Iesus solus miraculorum auctorem hominemquem turbulentum perditum opinantur, sed cognorunt{{dubsig}} magnum magistrum esse. Biblia Iudaeae (''Talmud'') Jesu dicit. Iesu (''Hebraice ישו'') secundum mysticam [[numerologia]]m, JESU 315 respondet, hic [[numerus]] vero tria nomina operiunt ''yemach shemo vezichro'' litterarum verbum Hebraicae appellationis,<ref>Franciscus Badinyi Jós, ''A Káld-pártus hagyomány és a magyarok Jézus-vallása,'' p. 120.</ref> quod 'obliviscere eius nominis' significare potest, idque valde prope stat Iesua nomen [[persona]]le (vel mutationem reri potest). === Sententia Islamicae religionis === [[Religio Islamica|Musulmani]] Iesum inter numerum esse [[fatidicus|fatidicorum]] antiquissimorum dilectissimorumque Dei et messiam quoque credunt, etsi huic significationem dissimilem cui Christianorum attribuunt, i.e. [[divinitas|divinitatem]] Iesu non credunt. Plurimae [[religio]]nes aliae interpretationem [[animus|animi]] ullam praecipuam Iesu non attribuunt. == Pelliculae selectae== * [[1961]] - ''[[King of Kings (pellicula)|King of Kings]]'' * [[1964]] - ''[[Il Vangelo secondo Matteo]]'' * [[1964]] - ''[[The Greatest Story Ever Told]]'' * [[1977]] - ''[[Jesus of Nazareth]]'' * [[2004]] - ''[[Passio Christi (pellicula)|Passio Christi]]'' * [[2014]] - ''[[Son of God (pellicula)|Son of God]]'' * [[2016]] - ''[[The Young Messiah]]'' == Notae == <references /> === Textus primi === <references group="t"/> == Bibliographia == * Allison, Dale. [[1999]]. ''Jesus of Nazareth: Millenarian Prophet.'' Minneapoli: Augsburg Fortress. ISBN 0-8006-3144-7. {{Ling|Anglice}} * [[Benedictus XVI]]. [[2007]]. ''Jesus von Nazareth: Von der Taufe im Jordan bis zur Verklärung.'' Herder. ISBN 978-3-451-29861-5. {{Ling|Theodisce}} * Brown, Raymond E. 1993. ''The Birth of the Messiah: a commentary on the infancy narratives in the Gospels of Matthew and Luke''. Ed. secunda. Londinii: Geoffrey Chapman {{Ling|Anglice}} * Brown, Raymond E. 1994. ''The Death of the Messiah: from Gethsemane to the grave: a commentary on the passion narratives in the four gospels''. Londinii: Geoffrey Chapman {{Ling|Anglice}} * Brown, Raymond E. [[1997]]. ''An Introduction to the New Testament.'' Novi Eboraci: Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-24767-2. {{Ling|Anglice}} * Cohen, Shaye J. D. [[1987]]. ''From the Maccabees to the Mishnah''. Philadelphiae: Westminster Press. ISBN 978-0-664-21911-6. {{Ling|Anglice}} * Cohen, Shaye J. D. [[2001]]. ''The Beginnings of Jewishness: Boundaries, Varieties, Uncertainties.'' Berkeleiae: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-22693-3. {{Ling|Anglice}} * Crossan, John Dominic. [[1993]]. ''The Historical Jesus: The Life of a Mediterranean Jewish Peasant.'' Novi Eboraci: HarperSanFrancisco. ISBN 0-06-061629-6. {{Ling|Anglice}} * Crossan, John Dominic. [[1995]]. ''Who Killed Jesus?: Exposing the Roots of Anti-Semitism in the Gospel Story of the Death of Jesus.'' Franciscopoli: HarperSanFrancisco. ISBN 978-0-06-061671-7. {{Ling|Anglice}} * Davenport, Guy, et Benjamin Urrutia, conv. [[1996]]. ''The Logia of Yeshua: The Sayings of Jesus.'' Vasingtoniae: Counterpoint. ISBN 978-1-887178-70-9. {{Ling|Anglice}} * De La Potterie, Ignace. [[1989]]. ''The hour of Jesus: The Passion and the Resurrection of Jesus according to John.'' Novi Eboraci: Alba House. ISBN 978-0-8189-0575-9. {{Ling|Anglice}} * Durant, Will. [[1944]]. ''Caesar and Christ.'' Novi Eboraci: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 0-671-11500-6. {{Ling|Anglice}} * Ehrman, Bart. [[2003]]. ''The Lost Christianities: The Battles for Scripture and the Faiths We Never Knew.'' Novi Eboraci: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-514183-0. {{Ling|Anglice}} * Ehrman, Bart D. [[2003]]. ''The New Testament: A Historical Introduction to the Early Christian Writings.'' Novi Eboraci: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-515462-2. {{Ling|Anglice}} * Fredriksen, Paula. [[2000]]. ''Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews: A Jewish Life and the Emergence of Christianity.'' Novi Eboraci: Vintage. ISBN 0-679-76746-0. {{Ling|Anglice}} * Fredriksen, Paula. [[2000]]. ''From Jesus to Christ: The Origins of the New Testament Images of Christ.'' Portu Novo: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-08457-3. {{Ling|Anglice}} * Finegan, Jack. [[1998]]. ''Handbook of Biblical Chronology.'' Ed. retractata. Peabody Massachusettae: Hendrickson Publishers. ISBN 1-56563-143-9. {{Ling|Anglice}} * Fuller, Reginald H. [[1965]], ''The Foundations of New Testament Christology.'' Novi Eboraci: Scribners. ISBN 0-227-17075-X. {{Ling|Anglice}} * Hesemann, Michael. [[2009]]. ''Jesus von Nazareth: Archäologen auf den Spuren des Erlösers.'' Augsburg. ISBN 978-3-86744-092-9. {{Ling|Theodisce}} * Meier, John P. ''A Marginal Jew: Rethinking the Historical Jesus.'' Novi Eboraci: Anchor Doubleday. {{Ling|Anglice}} :[[1991]]. ''The Roots of the Problem and the Person.'' Vol. 1. ISBN 0-385-26425-9. {{Ling|Anglice}} :[[1994]]. ''Mentor, Message, and Miracles.'' Vol. 2. ISBN 038569926. {{Ling|Anglice}} :[[2001]]. ''Companions and Competitors.'' Vol. 3. ISBN 0-385-46993-4. {{Ling|Anglice}} * O'Collins, Gerald. [[1983]]. ''Interpreting Jesus.'' "Introducing Catholic theology". Londinii: G. Chapman; Ramsey Novae Caesareae: Paulist Press. ISBN 978-0-8091-2572-2. {{Ling|Anglice}} * [[Iaroslaus Pelikan|Pelikan, Jaroslav]]. [[1999]]. ''Jesus Through the Centuries: His Place in the History of Culture.'' Portu Novo: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-07987-7. {{Ling|Anglice}} * [[Ernestus Renan|Renan, Ernestus]]. ''Vie de Jésus.'' Clarissimum et maxime controversum opus, quia Iesu Christi [[Deus|divinitatem]] denegat. {{Ling|Francogallice}} * Robinson, John A. T. ([[1977]]) [[2001]]. ''Redating the New Testament.'' Eugene Oregoniae: Wipf & Stock. ISBN 1-57910-527-0. {{Ling|Anglice}} * Sanders, E. P. [[1987]]. ''Jesus and Judaism.'' Minneapoli: Fortress Press. ISBN 0-8006-2061-5. {{Ling|Anglice}} * Sanders, E. P. [[1993]]. ''The Historical Figure of Jesus.'' Londini: Allen Lane Penguin Press. ISBN 978-0-7139-9059-1. {{Ling|Anglice}} * [[Gerd Theissen|Theissen]], Gerd, et Annetrte Merz. [[1998]]. ''The Historical Jesus: A Comprehensive Guide.'' Minneapoli: Fortress Press. ISBN 0-8006-3122-6. {{Ling|Anglice}} * [[Géza Vermes|Vermes, Géza]]. [[1981]]. ''Jesus the Jew: A Historian's Reading of the Gospels.'' Minneapoli: Augsburg Fortress. ISBN 0-8006-1443-7. {{Ling|Anglice}} * [[Géza Vermes|Vermes, Géza]]. [[1993]]. ''The Religion of Jesus the Jew.'' Minneapoli: Augsburg Fortress. ISBN 0-8006-2797-0. {{Ling|Anglice}} * [[Géza Vermes|Vermes, Géza]]. [[2003]]. ''Jesus in His Jewish Context.'' Minneapoli: Augsburg Fortress. ISBN 0-8006-3623-6. {{Ling|Anglice}} * Wilson, A. N. [[2003]]. ''Jesus.'' Londinii: Pimlico. ISBN 0-7126-0697-1. {{Ling|Anglice}} * Wright, N. T. [[1997]]. ''Jesus and the Victory of God.'' Minneapoli: Augsburg Fortress. ISBN 0-8006-2682-6. {{Ling|Anglice}} * Wright, N. T. [[2003]]. ''The Resurrection of the Son of God: Christian Origins and the Question of God.'' Minneapoli: Augsburg Fortress. ISBN 0-8006-2679-6. {{Ling|Anglice}} == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Jesus Christ|Iesum}} {{Victionarium|Iesus|Iesum}} {{Vicicitatio|Iesus Christus|Iesum}} {{Fontes biographici}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20131112211101/http://dubitando.no.sapo.pt/qevcon.htm Quattuor Evangeliorum Consonantia (Versio I)] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20131112210512/http://dubitando.no.sapo.pt/qevconn.htm Quattuor Evangeliorum Consonantia (Versio II)] * [http://www.vatican.va/archive/bible/nova_vulgata/documents/nova-vulgata_index_lt.html Nova Biblia Vulgata Latina] {{1000 paginae}} {{Myrias|Homines}} {{Lifetime|saeculo 1 a.C.n.|saeculo 1|Iesus Nazarenus}} [[Categoria:Conditores religionum]] [[Categoria:Deus]] [[Categoria:Iudaei]] [[Categoria:Iesus|!]] [[Categoria:Messiae dicti]] [[Categoria:Morte damnati]] [[Categoria:Prophetae Islamici]] [[Categoria:Religionis doctores]] </textarea><div class="templatesUsed"><div class="mw-templatesUsedExplanation"><p>Formulae hac in pagina adhibitae: 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