CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Pravda - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"0935e0ac-7388-4011-a7a5-983d7c3eb1a9","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Pravda","wgTitle":"Pravda","wgCurRevisionId":1253276084,"wgRevisionId":1253276084,"wgArticleId":38443676,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using the Phonos extension","CS1 Russian-language sources (ru)","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use dmy dates from May 2018","Use British English from January 2018","Articles containing Russian-language text","Pages with Russian IPA","Pages including recorded pronunciations","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from April 2024","All articles with vague or ambiguous time", "Vague or ambiguous time from October 2012","Webarchive template wayback links","Commons category link from Wikidata","Pravda","1908 establishments in the Russian Empire","Propaganda in the Soviet Union","Communist Party of the Russian Federation","Eastern Bloc mass media","Newspapers established in 1908","Propaganda newspapers and magazines"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Pravda","wgRelevantArticleId":38443676,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby": true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q183644","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.phonos.styles":"ready","ext.phonos.icons":"ready","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles": "ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.phonos.init","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.phonos.icons%2Cstyles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%C2%AB%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B0%C2%BB._1912%2C_%E2%84%9601.pdf/page1-1200px-%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%C2%AB%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B0%C2%BB._1912%2C_%E2%84%9601.pdf.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1740"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%C2%AB%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B0%C2%BB._1912%2C_%E2%84%9601.pdf/page1-800px-%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%C2%AB%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B0%C2%BB._1912%2C_%E2%84%9601.pdf.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1160"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%C2%AB%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B0%C2%BB._1912%2C_%E2%84%9601.pdf/page1-640px-%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%C2%AB%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B0%C2%BB._1912%2C_%E2%84%9601.pdf.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="928"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Pravda - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pravda"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Pravda&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pravda"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Pravda rootpage-Pravda skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Pravda" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Pravda" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Pravda" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Pravda" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Origins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Origins</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Origins-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Origins subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pre-revolutionary_Pravda" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-revolutionary_Pravda"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Pre-revolutionary <i>Pravda</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-revolutionary_Pravda-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-During_the_1917_Revolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#During_the_1917_Revolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>During the 1917 Revolution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-During_the_1917_Revolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Soviet_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Soviet_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Soviet period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Soviet_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-Soviet_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-Soviet_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Post-Soviet period</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Post-Soviet_period-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Post-Soviet period subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Post-Soviet_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-McCain_controversy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#McCain_controversy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>McCain controversy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-McCain_controversy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Editors-in-chief" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Editors-in-chief"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Editors-in-chief</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Editors-in-chief-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Similar_newspapers_in_current_communist_countries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Similar_newspapers_in_current_communist_countries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Similar newspapers in current communist countries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Similar_newspapers_in_current_communist_countries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_and_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_and_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes and references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_and_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Pravda</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 65 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-65" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">65 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prawda" title="Prawda – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Prawda" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="برافدا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="برافدا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pravda" title="Pravda – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Pravda" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pravda_(q%C9%99zet)" title="Pravda (qəzet) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Pravda (qəzet)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE" title="প্রাভদা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্রাভদা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B0_(%D0%B3%D3%99%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82)" title="Правда (гәзит) – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Правда (гәзит)" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B0_(%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0)" title="Правда (газета) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Правда (газета)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%B4%D0%B0_(%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%B0)" title="Праўда (газэта) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Праўда (газэта)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Правда – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Правда" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pravda" title="Pravda – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Pravda" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pravda" title="Pravda – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pravda" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pravda_(noviny)" title="Pravda (noviny) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pravda (noviny)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pravda" title="Pravda – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Pravda" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prawda" title="Prawda – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Prawda" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pravda" title="Pravda – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Pravda" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%B2%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B1" title="Πράβντα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πράβντα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pravda" title="Pravda – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pravda" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pravda_(rusa_gazeto)" title="Pravda (rusa gazeto) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Pravda (rusa gazeto)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pravda" title="Pravda – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Pravda" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="پراودا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پراودا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pravda" title="Pravda – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pravda" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pravda" title="Pravda – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pravda" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%9D%BC%EC%9A%B0%EB%8B%A4" title="프라우다 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="프라우다" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE" title="प्रावदा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="प्रावदा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pravda_(novine)" title="Pravda (novine) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Pravda (novine)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pravda" title="Pravda – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pravda" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pravda" title="Pravda – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pravda" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%91%D7%93%D7%94" title="פראבדה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פראבדה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%93%E1%83%90" title="პრავდა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პრავდა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Правда – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Правда" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pravda" title="Pravda – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Pravda" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pravda" title="Pravda – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Pravda" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pravda" title="Pravda – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Pravda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pravda_(laikra%C5%A1tis)" title="Pravda (laikraštis) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pravda (laikraštis)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pravda" title="Pravda – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Pravda" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pravda" title="Pravda – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pravda" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pravda" title="Pravda – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Pravda" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE" title="प्रावदा – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="प्रावदा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%97%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A6%E3%83%80" title="プラウダ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="プラウダ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C2%AB%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%C2%BB_(%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%82)" title="«Бакъдерг» (газет) – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="«Бакъдерг» (газет)" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pravda" title="Pravda – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Pravda" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pravda" title="Pravda – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Pravda" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE" title="ਪ੍ਰਾਵਦਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪ੍ਰਾਵਦਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="پراودا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پراودا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pravda" title="Pravda – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Pravda" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prawda_(dziennik)" title="Prawda (dziennik) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Prawda (dziennik)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pravda" title="Pravda – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pravda" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pravda" title="Pravda – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Pravda" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B0_(%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0)" title="Правда (газета) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Правда (газета)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%8F" title="ප්‍රව්ඩා – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ප්‍රව්ඩා" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pravda" title="Pravda – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Pravda" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A4%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="پراڤدا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پراڤدا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B0_(%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D1%83_%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B8)" title="Правда (новине у Русији) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Правда (новине у Русији)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pravda_(novine)" title="Pravda (novine) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Pravda (novine)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pravda" title="Pravda – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pravda" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pravda" title="Pravda – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Pravda" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE" title="பிராவ்தா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பிராவ்தா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B0_(%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0)" title="Правда (газета) – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Правда (газета)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2" title="ปราฟดา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ปราฟดา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pravda" title="Pravda – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Pravda" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B0_(%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0)" title="Правда (газета) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Правда (газета)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pravda" title="Pravda – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Pravda" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E7%90%86%E6%8A%A5" title="真理报 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="真理报" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E7%90%86%E5%A0%B1" title="真理報 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="真理報" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E7%90%86%E6%8A%A5" title="真理报 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="真理报" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q183644#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pravda" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Pravda" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pravda"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pravda&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pravda&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pravda"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pravda&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pravda&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Pravda" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Pravda" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pravda&oldid=1253276084" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pravda&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Pravda&id=1253276084&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPravda"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPravda"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Pravda&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pravda&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pravda" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q183644" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Russian newspaper founded in 1912</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Pravda_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Pravda (disambiguation)">Pravda (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Pravda.ru" title="Pravda.ru">Pravda.ru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Komsomolskaya_Pravda" title="Komsomolskaya Pravda">Komsomolskaya Pravda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukrainska_Pravda" title="Ukrainska Pravda">Ukrainska Pravda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pravda_DE" class="mw-redirect" title="Pravda DE">pravda DE</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pravda_EN" class="mw-redirect" title="Pravda EN">pravda EN</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pravda_ES" class="mw-redirect" title="Pravda ES">pravda ES</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pravda_FR" class="mw-redirect" title="Pravda FR">pravda FR</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Pravda_PL" class="mw-redirect" title="Pravda PL">pravda PL</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250428316">.mw-parser-output .ib-newspaper .infobox-title{font-size:125%;font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .ib-newspaper .logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}</style><table class="infobox vcard ib-newspaper"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Pravda<br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049405">.mw-parser-output .noitalic{font-style:normal}</style><span class="noitalic"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Правда</span></span></span></span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="logo" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B0.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B0.svg/250px-%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B0.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B0.svg/375px-%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B0.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B0.svg/500px-%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B0.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="510" data-file-height="80" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%C2%AB%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B0%C2%BB._1912,_%E2%84%9601.pdf" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%C2%AB%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B0%C2%BB._1912%2C_%E2%84%9601.pdf/page1-220px-%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%C2%AB%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B0%C2%BB._1912%2C_%E2%84%9601.pdf.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="319" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%C2%AB%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B0%C2%BB._1912%2C_%E2%84%9601.pdf/page1-330px-%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%C2%AB%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B0%C2%BB._1912%2C_%E2%84%9601.pdf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%C2%AB%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B0%C2%BB._1912%2C_%E2%84%9601.pdf/page1-440px-%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%C2%AB%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B0%C2%BB._1912%2C_%E2%84%9601.pdf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2104" data-file-height="3050" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">First issue, 5 May 1912 (22 April 1912 <a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">OS</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Triweekly newspaper</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Format</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Broadsheet" title="Broadsheet">Broadsheet</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owner(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Russian_Federation" title="Communist Party of the Russian Federation">Communist Party of the Russian Federation</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Editor</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Boris_Komotsky" title="Boris Komotsky">Boris Komotsky</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">5 May 1912<span class="noprint">; 112 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1912-05-05</span>)</span> (officially)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political alignment</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism" title="Marxism–Leninism">Marxism–Leninism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label">24, Pravda Street, Moscow</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> (1903–1917)<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Russian_Republic" title="Russian Republic">Russian Republic</a> (1917)<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Russian_Socialist_Federative_Soviet_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic">Russian SFSR</a> (1918–1922)<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> (1922–1991)<br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russian Federation</a> (since 1991)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Newspaper_circulation" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspaper circulation">Circulation</a></th><td class="infobox-data">100,300 (2010)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0233-4275">0233-4275</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gazeta-pravda.ru">Pravda's website</a> (<a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Russian_Federation" title="Communist Party of the Russian Federation">CPRF</a> branch)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>Pravda</b></i> (Russian: <span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Правда</span></span>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">IPA:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ru-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Russian" title="Help:IPA/Russian">[ˈpravdə]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/e\/ea\/Ru-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B0.ogg\/Ru-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B0.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Ru-\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0430.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ea/Ru-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B0.ogg/Ru-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B0.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Ru-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B0.ogg" title="File:Ru-правда.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>, <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> 'Truth') is a Russian <a href="/wiki/Broadsheet" title="Broadsheet">broadsheet</a> newspaper, and was the <a href="/wiki/Official_newspaper" class="mw-redirect" title="Official newspaper">official newspaper</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Committee">Central Committee</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Communist Party of the Soviet Union</a>, when it was one of the most influential papers in the country with a <a href="/wiki/Newspaper_circulation" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspaper circulation">circulation</a> of 11 million.<sup id="cite_ref-Specter_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Specter-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The newspaper began publication on 5 May 1912 in the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> but was already extant abroad in January 1911.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It emerged as the leading government newspaper of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> after the <a href="/wiki/October_Revolution" title="October Revolution">October Revolution</a>. The newspaper was an organ of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_CPSU" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Committee of the CPSU">Central Committee of the CPSU</a> between 1912 and 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">dissolution of the Soviet Union</a>, <i>Pravda</i> was sold by the then Russian president <a href="/wiki/Boris_Yeltsin" title="Boris Yeltsin">Boris Yeltsin</a> to a Greek business family in 1992, and the paper came under the control of their private company Pravda International.<sup id="cite_ref-Specter_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Specter-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pravda_{{!}}_Soviet_newspaper_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pravda_{{!}}_Soviet_newspaper-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1996, there was an internal dispute between the owners of Pravda International and some of the <i>Pravda</i> journalists that led to <i>Pravda</i> splitting into different entities. The <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Russian_Federation" title="Communist Party of the Russian Federation">Communist Party of the Russian Federation</a> (CPRF) acquired the <i>Pravda</i> paper, while some of the original Soviet <i>Pravda</i> journalists separated to form Russia's first online paper <i>Pravda Online</i> (now <i><a href="/wiki/Pravda.ru" title="Pravda.ru">Pravda.ru</a></i>), which is not connected to the Communist Party.<sup id="cite_ref-Pravda_{{!}}_Soviet_newspaper_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pravda_{{!}}_Soviet_newspaper-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>Pravda</i> paper is still run by the CPRF, whereas the online <i>Pravda.ru</i> is privately owned and has international editions published in Russian, English, French, and Portuguese. After a legal dispute between the rival parties, the Russian court of arbitration stipulated that both entities would be allowed to continue using the <i>Pravda</i> name.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins">Origins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pravda&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-revolutionary_Pravda">Pre-revolutionary <i>Pravda</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pravda&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Pre-revolutionary Pravda"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Though <i>Pravda</i> officially began publication on 5 May 1912 (22 April 1912 <a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">OS</a>), the anniversary of <a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Karl Marx</a>'s birth, its origins trace back to 1903 when it was founded in <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> by a wealthy <a href="/wiki/Railway_engineer" class="mw-redirect" title="Railway engineer">railway engineer</a>, V.A. Kozhevnikov. <i>Pravda</i> had started publishing in the light of the Russian <a href="/wiki/Revolution_of_1905" class="mw-redirect" title="Revolution of 1905">Revolution of 1905</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-James_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-James-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time when the paper was founded, the name "Pravda" already had a clear historical connotation, since the law code of the Medieval <a href="/wiki/Kievan_Rus%27" title="Kievan Rus'">Kievan Rus'</a> was known as <i><a href="/wiki/Russkaya_Pravda" title="Russkaya Pravda">Russkaya Pravda</a></i>;<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in this context, "Pravda" meant "Justice" rather than "Truth", "Russkaya Pravda" being "Russian Justice".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> This early law code had been rediscovered and published by 18th-century Russian scholars, and, in 1903, educated Russians with some knowledge of their country's history could have been expected to know the name. </p><p>During its earliest days, <i>Pravda</i> had no political orientation. Kozhevnikov started it as a journal of arts, literature and social life. Kozhevnikov was soon able to form up a team of young writers including <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Bogdanov" title="Alexander Bogdanov">A.A. Bogdanov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Aleksandrovich_Rozhkov" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikolai Aleksandrovich Rozhkov">N.A Rozhkov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Pokrovsky" title="Mikhail Pokrovsky">M.N Pokrovsky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Skvortsov-Stepanov" title="Ivan Skvortsov-Stepanov">I.I Skvortsov-Stepanov</a>, P.P Rumyantsev and M.G. Lunts, who were active contributors on 'social life' section of <i>Pravda</i>. Later, they became the editorial board of the journal, and, in the near future, also became the active members of the <a href="/wiki/Bolshevik" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolshevik">Bolshevik</a> faction of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Social_Democratic_Labour_Party" title="Russian Social Democratic Labour Party">Russian Social Democratic Labour Party</a> (RSDLP).<sup id="cite_ref-James_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-James-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because of certain quarrels between Kozhevnikov and the editorial board, he had asked them to leave and the <a href="/wiki/Menshevik" class="mw-redirect" title="Menshevik">Menshevik</a> faction of the RSDLP took over as the editorial board. But the relationship between them and Kozhevnikov was also a bitter one.<sup id="cite_ref-James_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-James-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Ukrainian political party <a href="/wiki/Spilka" title="Spilka">Spilka</a>, which was also a splinter group of the RSDLP, took over the journal as its organ. <a href="/wiki/Leon_Trotsky" title="Leon Trotsky">Leon Trotsky</a> was invited to edit the paper in 1908, and the paper was moved to <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a> in 1909. By then, the editorial board of <i>Pravda</i> consisted of hard-line Bolsheviks who sidelined the Spilka leadership soon after it shifted to Vienna.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Trotsky had introduced a <a href="/wiki/Tabloid_(newspaper_format)" title="Tabloid (newspaper format)">tabloid format</a> to the newspaper and distanced itself from the intra-party struggles inside the RSDLP. During those days, <i>Pravda</i> gained a large audience among Russian workers. By 1910, the Central Committee of the RSDLP suggested making <i>Pravda</i> its official organ. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:First_Issue_of_PRAVDA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Pravda – published on 5 May 1912 (22 April 1912 OS)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/First_Issue_of_PRAVDA.jpg/267px-First_Issue_of_PRAVDA.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/First_Issue_of_PRAVDA.jpg/401px-First_Issue_of_PRAVDA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/First_Issue_of_PRAVDA.jpg/534px-First_Issue_of_PRAVDA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption> First published <i>Pravda</i> dated 5 May 1912 (22 April 1912 OS)</figcaption></figure> <p>At the <a href="/wiki/Prague_Conference" title="Prague Conference">sixth conference of the RSDLP</a> held in <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a> in January 1912, the <a href="/wiki/Menshevik" class="mw-redirect" title="Menshevik">Menshevik</a> faction was expelled from the party. The party under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin" title="Vladimir Lenin">Vladimir Lenin</a> decided to make <i>Pravda</i> its official party organ. The paper was shifted from Vienna to <a href="/wiki/St._Petersburg" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Petersburg">St. Petersburg</a> and the first issue under Lenin's leadership was published on 5 May 1912 (22 April 1912 OS).<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was the first time that <i>Pravda</i> was published as a legal political newspaper. The Central Committee of the RSDLP, workers and individuals such as <a href="/wiki/Maxim_Gorky" title="Maxim Gorky">Maxim Gorky</a> provided financial help to the newspaper. The first issue published on 5 May cost two <a href="/wiki/Kopeck" title="Kopeck">kopecks</a> and had four pages. It had articles on economic issues, workers movement, and <a href="/wiki/Strike_action" title="Strike action">strikes</a>, and also had two proletarian poems. M.E. Egorov was the first editor of St. Petersburg <i>Pravda</i> and Member of <a href="/wiki/State_Duma_of_the_Russian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="State Duma of the Russian Empire">State Duma of the Russian Empire</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikolay_Poletaev&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nikolay Poletaev (page does not exist)">Nikolay Poletaev</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B2,_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" class="extiw" title="ru:Полетаев, Николай Гурьевич">ru</a>]</span> served as its publisher.<sup id="cite_ref-Ralph_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ralph-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Egorov was not a real editor of <i>Pravda</i> but this position was pseudo in nature. As many as 42 editors had followed Egorov within a span of two years, till 1914. The main task of these editors was to go to jail whenever needed and to save the party from a huge fine.<sup id="cite_ref-Ralph_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ralph-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the publishing side, the party had chosen only those individuals as publishers who were sitting members of Duma because they had parliamentary immunity. Initially,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (October 2012)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> it had sold between 40,000 and 60,000 copies.<sup id="cite_ref-Ralph_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ralph-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the outbreak of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, the paper was closed down by tsarist authorities in July 1914. Over the next three years, it changed its name eight times because of police harassment:<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><i>Рабочая правда</i> (<i>Rabochaya Pravda</i>, Worker's Truth)</li> <li><i>Северная правда</i> (<i>Severnaya Pravda</i> Northern Truth)</li> <li><i>За правду</i> (<i>Za Pravdu</i>, For Truth)</li> <li><i>Пролетарская правда</i> (<i>Proletarskaya Pravda</i>, Proletarian Truth)</li> <li><i>Путь правды</i> (<i>Put' Pravdy</i>, The Way of Truth)</li> <li><i>Рабочий</i> (<i>Rabochiy</i>, The Worker)</li> <li><i>Трудовая правда</i> (<i>Trudovaya Pravda</i>, Labor's Truth)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="During_the_1917_Revolution">During the 1917 Revolution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pravda&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: During the 1917 Revolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prawda.16.3.1917.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Prawda.16.3.1917.png/220px-Prawda.16.3.1917.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Prawda.16.3.1917.png/330px-Prawda.16.3.1917.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Prawda.16.3.1917.png/440px-Prawda.16.3.1917.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="700" /></a><figcaption>16 March 1917: <i>Pravda</i> reports the declaration of Polish independence.</figcaption></figure> <p>The abdication of Emperor <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_II_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicholas II of Russia">Nicholas II</a> during the <a href="/wiki/February_Revolution" title="February Revolution">February Revolution</a> of 1917 allowed <i>Pravda</i> to reopen. The original editors of the newly revived <i>Pravda</i>, <a href="/wiki/Vyacheslav_Molotov" title="Vyacheslav Molotov">Vyacheslav Molotov</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Shlyapnikov" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander Shlyapnikov">Alexander Shlyapnikov</a>, were opposed to the liberal <a href="/wiki/Russian_Provisional_Government" title="Russian Provisional Government">Russian Provisional Government</a>. However, when <a href="/wiki/Lev_Kamenev" title="Lev Kamenev">Lev Kamenev</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a> and former Duma deputy <a href="/wiki/Matvei_Muranov" title="Matvei Muranov">Matvei Muranov</a> returned from Siberian exile on 12 March, they took over the editorial board – starting from 15 March.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under Kamenev's and Stalin's influence, <i>Pravda</i> took a conciliatory tone towards the Provisional Government – "insofar as it struggles against reaction or counter-revolution" – and called for a unification conference with the internationalist wing of the Mensheviks. On 14 March, Kamenev wrote in his first editorial: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>What purpose would it serve to speed things up, when things were already taking place at such a rapid pace?<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>On 15 March, he supported the war effort: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>When army faces army, it would be the most insane policy to suggest to one of those armies to lay down its arms and go home. This would not be a policy of peace, but a policy of slavery, which would be rejected with disgust by a free people.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Soviet_period">Soviet period</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pravda&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Soviet period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Delegates_at_the_17th_Congress_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Delegates_at_the_17th_Congress_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_%28Bolsheviks%29.jpg/220px-Delegates_at_the_17th_Congress_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_%28Bolsheviks%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Delegates_at_the_17th_Congress_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_%28Bolsheviks%29.jpg/330px-Delegates_at_the_17th_Congress_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_%28Bolsheviks%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Delegates_at_the_17th_Congress_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_%28Bolsheviks%29.jpg/440px-Delegates_at_the_17th_Congress_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_%28Bolsheviks%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1542" data-file-height="966" /></a><figcaption>A delegate at <a href="/wiki/17th_Congress_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" title="17th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">Bolshevik 17th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party</a> holding a <i>Pravda</i> newspaper in 1934</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RIAN_archive_669616_Wartime_city_life_-_Moscow_in_October_-_December_1941.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/RIAN_archive_669616_Wartime_city_life_-_Moscow_in_October_-_December_1941.jpg/220px-RIAN_archive_669616_Wartime_city_life_-_Moscow_in_October_-_December_1941.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/RIAN_archive_669616_Wartime_city_life_-_Moscow_in_October_-_December_1941.jpg/330px-RIAN_archive_669616_Wartime_city_life_-_Moscow_in_October_-_December_1941.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/RIAN_archive_669616_Wartime_city_life_-_Moscow_in_October_-_December_1941.jpg/440px-RIAN_archive_669616_Wartime_city_life_-_Moscow_in_October_-_December_1941.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3094" data-file-height="2045" /></a><figcaption>A soldier reading <i>Pravda</i> during the Second World War, late 1941</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RIAN_archive_708414_Front_pages_of_Pravda_newspaper_issues.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/RIAN_archive_708414_Front_pages_of_Pravda_newspaper_issues.jpg/170px-RIAN_archive_708414_Front_pages_of_Pravda_newspaper_issues.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/RIAN_archive_708414_Front_pages_of_Pravda_newspaper_issues.jpg/255px-RIAN_archive_708414_Front_pages_of_Pravda_newspaper_issues.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/RIAN_archive_708414_Front_pages_of_Pravda_newspaper_issues.jpg/340px-RIAN_archive_708414_Front_pages_of_Pravda_newspaper_issues.jpg 2x" data-file-width="996" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption><i>Pravda</i> frontpages from the 1960s</figcaption></figure> <p>The offices of the newspaper were transferred to <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> on 3 March 1918 when the Soviet capital was moved there. <i>Pravda</i> became an official publication, or "organ", of the ruling <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Soviet Communist Party</a>. <i>Pravda</i> became the conduit for announcing official policy and policy changes and would remain so until 1991. Subscription to <i>Pravda</i> was mandatory for state run companies, the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Army" title="Soviet Army">armed services</a> and other organizations until 1989.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other newspapers existed as organs of other state bodies. For example, <i><a href="/wiki/Izvestia" title="Izvestia">Izvestia</a></i>, which covered <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign relations">foreign relations</a>, was the organ of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Soviet_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union">Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Trud_(Russian_newspaper)" title="Trud (Russian newspaper)">Trud</a></i> was the organ of the state-controlled <a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Trade unions in the Soviet Union">trade union</a> movement, <i><a href="/wiki/Bednota" title="Bednota">Bednota</a></i> was distributed to the <a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">Red Army</a> and rural peasants. Various derivatives of the name <i>Pravda</i> were used both for a number of national newspapers (<i><a href="/wiki/Komsomolskaya_Pravda" title="Komsomolskaya Pravda">Komsomolskaya Pravda</a></i> was the organ of the <a href="/wiki/Komsomol" title="Komsomol">Komsomol</a> organization, and <i><a href="/wiki/Pionerskaya_Pravda" title="Pionerskaya Pravda">Pionerskaya Pravda</a></i> was the organ of the <a href="/wiki/Young_Pioneer_organization_of_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Young Pioneer organization of the Soviet Union">Young Pioneers</a>), and for the regional Communist Party newspapers in many republics and provinces of the USSR, e.g. <i><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstanskaya_Pravda" title="Kazakhstanskaya Pravda">Kazakhstanskaya Pravda</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polyarnaya_Pravda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polyarnaya Pravda (page does not exist)">Polyarnaya Pravda</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/Murmansk_Oblast" title="Murmansk Oblast">Murmansk Oblast</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Pravda_Severa" title="Pravda Severa">Pravda Severa</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/Arkhangelsk_Oblast" title="Arkhangelsk Oblast">Arkhangelsk Oblast</a>, or <i><a href="/wiki/Moskovskaya_Pravda" title="Moskovskaya Pravda">Moskovskaya Pravda</a></i> in the city of Moscow. </p><p>Shortly after the October 1917 Revolution, <a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Bukharin" title="Nikolai Bukharin">Nikolai Bukharin</a> became the editor of <i>Pravda</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bukharin's apprenticeship for this position had occurred during the last months of his emigration/exile prior to his return to Russia in April 1917.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These months from November 1916 until April 1917 were spent by Bukharin in New York City in the United States. In New York, Bukharin divided his time between the local libraries and his work for <i><a href="/wiki/Novy_Mir" title="Novy Mir">Novyj Mir</a></i> (The New World) a Russian language newspaper serving the Russian speaking community of New York.<sup id="cite_ref-Stephen_F._Cohen_p._43_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stephen_F._Cohen_p._43-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bukharin's involvement with <i>Novyj Mir</i> became deeper as time went by. Indeed, from January 1917 until April when he returned to Russia, Bukharin served as <i>de facto</i> editor of <i>Novyj Mir</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Stephen_F._Cohen_p._43_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stephen_F._Cohen_p._43-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the period after the death of Lenin in 1924, <i>Pravda</i> was to form a power base for Bukharin, which helped him reinforce his reputation as a <a href="/wiki/Marxist" class="mw-redirect" title="Marxist">Marxist</a> theoretician. Bukharin would continue to serve as editor of <i>Pravda</i> until he and <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Tomsky" title="Mikhail Tomsky">Mikhail Tomsky</a> were removed from their responsibilities at <i>Pravda</i> in February 1929 as part of their downfall as a result of their dispute with <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A number of places and things in the Soviet Union were named after <i>Pravda</i>. Among them was the city of <a href="/wiki/Pravdinsk,_Balakhna" title="Pravdinsk, Balakhna">Pravdinsk</a> in <a href="/wiki/Gorky_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Gorky Oblast">Gorky Oblast</a> (the home of a <a href="/wiki/Paper_mill" title="Paper mill">paper mill</a> producing much <a href="/wiki/Newsprint" title="Newsprint">newsprint</a> for <i>Pravda</i> and other national newspapers), and a number of streets and <a href="/wiki/Kolkhoz" title="Kolkhoz">collective farms</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B0_18.11.1940.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B0_18.11.1940.png/220px-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B0_18.11.1940.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="299" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B0_18.11.1940.png/330px-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B0_18.11.1940.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B0_18.11.1940.png/440px-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B0_18.11.1940.png 2x" data-file-width="4818" data-file-height="6545" /></a><figcaption>18 November 1940 issue, featuring <a href="/wiki/Vyacheslav_Molotov" title="Vyacheslav Molotov">Vyacheslav Molotov</a> and <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9F%D0%A0%D0%90%D0%92%D0%94%D0%90%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/%D0%9F%D0%A0%D0%90%D0%92%D0%94%D0%90%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0.jpg/220px-%D0%9F%D0%A0%D0%90%D0%92%D0%94%D0%90%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/%D0%9F%D0%A0%D0%90%D0%92%D0%94%D0%90%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0.jpg/330px-%D0%9F%D0%A0%D0%90%D0%92%D0%94%D0%90%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/%D0%9F%D0%A0%D0%90%D0%92%D0%94%D0%90%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0.jpg/440px-%D0%9F%D0%A0%D0%90%D0%92%D0%94%D0%90%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0.jpg 2x" data-file-width="623" data-file-height="499" /></a><figcaption>3 July 1941 issue, featuring <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a></figcaption></figure> <p>As the names of the main communist newspaper and the main Soviet newspaper, <i>Pravda</i> and <i>Izvestia</i>, meant "the truth" and "the news" respectively, a popular saying was "there's no news in Pravda and no truth in Izvestia".<sup id="cite_ref-1987_nytimes_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1987_nytimes-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though not highly appreciated as an objective and unbiased news source, <i>Pravda</i> was regarded – both by Soviet citizens and by the outside world – as a government mouthpiece and therefore a reliable reflection of the Soviet government's positions on various issues. The publication of an article in <i>Pravda</i> could be taken as indication of a change in Soviet policy or the result of a power struggle in the Soviet leadership, and Western <a href="/wiki/Sovietologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Sovietologist">Sovietologists</a> were regularly reading <i>Pravda</i> and paying attention to the most minute details and nuances. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Post-Soviet_period">Post-Soviet period</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pravda&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Post-Soviet period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">dissolution of the Soviet Union</a> <i>Pravda</i> was sold by <a href="/wiki/President_of_Russia" title="President of Russia">Russian President</a> <a href="/wiki/Boris_Yeltsin" title="Boris Yeltsin">Boris Yeltsin</a> to a Greek business family – the Giannikoses – in 1992, and the paper came under the control of their private company Pravda International.<sup id="cite_ref-Specter_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Specter-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pravda_{{!}}_Soviet_newspaper_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pravda_{{!}}_Soviet_newspaper-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1996, there was an internal dispute between the owners of Pravda International and some of the <i>Pravda</i> journalists which led to <i>Pravda</i> splitting into different entities. The <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Russian_Federation" title="Communist Party of the Russian Federation">Communist Party of the Russian Federation</a> acquired the <i>Pravda</i> paper, while some of the original <i>Pravda</i> journalists separated to form Russia's first online paper (and the first online English paper) <i><a href="/wiki/Pravda.ru" title="Pravda.ru">Pravda.ru</a></i>, which is not connected to the Communist Party, but is run by journalists associated with the defunct Soviet Pravda.<sup id="cite_ref-Pravda_{{!}}_Soviet_newspaper_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pravda_{{!}}_Soviet_newspaper-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After a legal dispute between the rival parties, the Russian court of arbitration stipulated that both entities would be allowed to continue using the <i>Pravda</i> name.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>Pravda</i> paper is today run by the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, whereas the online <i>Pravda.ru</i> is privately owned and has international editions published in Russian, <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> and <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>. </p><p><i>Pravda</i> was a daily newspaper during the Soviet era but nowadays it is published three times a week, and its readership is largely online where it has a presence.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Pravda</i> still operates from the same headquarters at Pravda Street in Moscow from where journalists used to work on <i>Pravda</i> during the Soviet era. It operates under the leadership of journalist <a href="/wiki/Boris_Komotsky" title="Boris Komotsky">Boris Komotsky</a>, who is also a member of the Russian <a href="/wiki/8th_State_Duma" title="8th State Duma">State Duma</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ТАСС_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ТАСС-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 5 May 2012, <i>Pravda</i> marked its centenary, with a grand celebration at the Trade Unions house organised by the Communist Party.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The gala was attended by the former and current employees of the newspaper, its readers and party members, representatives of other communist media organisations. <a href="/wiki/Gennady_Zyuganov" title="Gennady Zyuganov">Gennady Zyuganov</a> made a speech, and congratulatory messages were received from <a href="/wiki/President_of_Russia" title="President of Russia">Russian president</a> <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Medvedev" title="Dmitry Medvedev">Dmitry Medvedev</a> and <a href="/wiki/President_of_Belarus" title="President of Belarus">Belarusian president</a> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Lukashenko" title="Alexander Lukashenko">Alexander Lukashenko</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="McCain_controversy">McCain controversy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pravda&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: McCain controversy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2013, after Russian President <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> published an op-ed in <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> in support of Syrian President <a href="/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad" title="Bashar al-Assad">Bashar al-Assad</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> US senator <a href="/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">John McCain</a> announced that he would publish a response article in <i>Pravda</i>, referring to the newspaper owned by the Communist Party of the Russian Federation. McCain, however, eventually published his op-ed in <i>Pravda.ru</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This caused protests from the editor of communist <i>Pravda</i> <a href="/wiki/Boris_Komotsky" title="Boris Komotsky">Boris Komotsky</a> and a response from the editor of <i>Pravda.ru</i> Dmitry Sudakov: Komotsky claimed that "there is only one <i>Pravda</i> in Russia, it is the organ of the Communist Party, and we have heard nothing about the intentions of the Republican senator" and dismissed <i>Pravda.ru</i> as an "Oklahoma-City-Pravda", while Sudakov derided Komotsky, claiming that "the circulation of the Communist Party <i>Pravda</i> is like a factory newspaper of <a href="/wiki/AvtoVAZ" title="AvtoVAZ">AvtoVAZ</a> from the Soviet times".<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> McCain later attempted to publish his op-ed in the Communist <i>Pravda</i> as well, but the paper refused to publish it "because it was not aligned to the political positions of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation".<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Editors-in-chief">Editors-in-chief</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pravda&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Editors-in-chief"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The editorship of <i>Pravda</i> during its early years was collective and constantly changing; only the more important figures are listed here.<sup id="cite_ref-Inside_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Inside-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yakov_Sverdlov" title="Yakov Sverdlov">Yakov Sverdlov</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Miron_Chernomazov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miron Chernomazov (page does not exist)">Miron Chernomazov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lev_Kamenev" title="Lev Kamenev">Lev Kamenev</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vyacheslav_Molotov" title="Vyacheslav Molotov">Vyacheslav Molotov</a> (1912–1914)</li> <li>Vyacheslav Molotov, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Shliapnikov" title="Alexander Shliapnikov">Alexander Shliapnikov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Eremeev" title="Konstantin Eremeev">Konstantin Eremeev</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Kalinin" title="Mikhail Kalinin">Mikhail Kalinin</a> (5–13 March 1917)</li> <li>Joseph Stalin, <a href="/wiki/Matvei_Muranov" title="Matvei Muranov">Matvei Muranov</a>, Lev Kamenev (13 March – 4 April 1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin" title="Vladimir Lenin">Vladimir Lenin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grigory_Zinoviev" title="Grigory Zinoviev">Grigory Zinoviev</a>, Joseph Stalin, Matvei Muranov, Lev Kamenev (4 April – 5 July 1917)</li> <li>Yakov Sverdlov and others (6 July – 9 December 1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Bukharin" title="Nikolai Bukharin">Nikolai Bukharin</a> (10 December 1917 – 23 February 1918)</li> <li><i>Unknown</i> (24 February – July 1918)</li> <li>Nikolai Bukharin (July 1918 – October 1928; nominally until April 1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harald_Krumin" title="Harald Krumin">Harald Krumin</a> (1929–1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_Saveliev" title="Maximilian Saveliev">Maximilian Saveliev</a> (1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lev_Mekhlis" title="Lev Mekhlis">Lev Mekhlis</a> (1930–1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Poskrebyshev" title="Alexander Poskrebyshev">Alexander Poskrebyshev</a> (1937–1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Pospelov" title="Pyotr Pospelov">Pyotr Pospelov</a> (1940–1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Suslov" title="Mikhail Suslov">Mikhail Suslov</a> (1940–1951)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonid_Fedorovich_Ilyichev&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leonid Fedorovich Ilyichev (page does not exist)">Leonid Ilyichev</a> (1951–1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitri_Shepilov" title="Dmitri Shepilov">Dmitri Shepilov</a> (1953–1956)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pavel_Satyukov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pavel Satyukov (page does not exist)">Pavel Satyukov</a> (1956–1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksei_Rumyantsev" title="Aleksei Rumyantsev">Aleksei Rumyantsev</a> (1964–1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Zimyanin" title="Mikhail Zimyanin">Mikhail Zimyanin</a> (1965–1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Afanasyev_(politician)" title="Viktor Afanasyev (politician)">Viktor Afanasyev</a> (1976–1989)<sup id="cite_ref-Inside_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Inside-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivan_T._Frolov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ivan T. Frolov (page does not exist)">Ivan Frolov</a> (1989–1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gennadiy_Seleznyov" title="Gennadiy Seleznyov">Gennadiy Seleznyov</a> (1991–1993)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktor_Linnik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Viktor Linnik (page does not exist)">Viktor Linnik</a> (1993–1994)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aleksander_Ilyin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aleksander Ilyin (page does not exist)">Aleksander Ilyin</a> (1994–2003)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valentina_Nikiforova&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Valentina Nikiforova (page does not exist)">Valentina Nikiforova</a> (2003–2005; acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valentin_Shurchanov" title="Valentin Shurchanov">Valentin Shurchanov</a> (2005–2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Komotsky" title="Boris Komotsky">Boris Komotsky</a> (2009–present)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Similar_newspapers_in_current_communist_countries">Similar newspapers in current communist countries</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pravda&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Similar newspapers in current communist countries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Daily" title="People's Daily">People's Daily</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">People's Republic of China</a>, official newspaper of the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a>;</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rodong_Sinmun" title="Rodong Sinmun">Rodong Sinmun</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a>, official newspaper of the <a href="/wiki/Workers%27_Party_of_Korea" title="Workers' Party of Korea">Workers' Party of Korea</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granma_(newspaper)" title="Granma (newspaper)"><i>Granma</i></a> – <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>, official newspaper of the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Cuba" title="Communist Party of Cuba">Communist Party of Cuba</a>;</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nh%C3%A2n_D%C3%A2n" title="Nhân Dân">Nhân Dân</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>, official newspaper of the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="Communist Party of Vietnam">Communist Party of Vietnam</a>;</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pasaxon" title="Pasaxon">Pasaxon</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a>, official newspaper of the <a href="/wiki/Lao_People%27s_Revolutionary_Party" title="Lao People's Revolutionary Party">Lao People's Revolutionary Party</a>;</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pravda&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Kommunist" title="Kommunist">Kommunist</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Komsomolskaya_Pravda" title="Komsomolskaya Pravda">Komsomolskaya Pravda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kommunistka" title="Kommunistka">Kommunistka</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iskra" title="Iskra">Iskra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Izvestia" title="Izvestia">Izvestia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Krasnaya_Zvezda" title="Krasnaya Zvezda">Krasnaya Zvezda</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_newspapers_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Central newspapers of the Soviet Union">Central newspapers of the Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc_information_dissemination" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Bloc information dissemination">Eastern Bloc information dissemination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_the_press_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of the press in Russia">Freedom of the press in Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitali_Korionov" title="Vitali Korionov">Vitali Korionov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Russia" title="Mass media in Russia">Mass media in Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_correspondent" title="People's correspondent">People's correspondent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zreniye" title="Zreniye">Zreniye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6lkischer_Beobachter" title="Völkischer Beobachter">Völkischer Beobachter</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_and_references">Notes and references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pravda&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notes and references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Specter-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Specter_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Specter_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Specter_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSpecter1996" class="citation news cs1">Specter, Michael (31 July 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1996/07/31/world/russia-s-purveyor-of-truth-pravda-dies-after-84-years.html">"Russia's Purveyor of 'Truth', Pravda, Dies After 84 Years"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Russia%27s+Purveyor+of+%27Truth%27%2C+Pravda%2C+Dies+After+84+Years&rft.date=1996-07-31&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Specter&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1996%2F07%2F31%2Fworld%2Frussia-s-purveyor-of-truth-pravda-dies-after-84-years.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APravda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">V. I. Lenin, Collected Works, Progress Publishers Moscow, Volume 17, p.45</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Merrill, John C. and Harold A. Fisher. <i>The world's great dailies: profiles of fifty newspapers</i> (1980) pp 242–49</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pravda_{{!}}_Soviet_newspaper-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pravda_{{!}}_Soviet_newspaper_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pravda_{{!}}_Soviet_newspaper_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pravda_{{!}}_Soviet_newspaper_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pravda_{{!}}_Soviet_newspaper_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/topic/Pravda">"Pravda | Soviet newspaper"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Pravda+%7C+Soviet+newspaper&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FPravda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APravda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/shortcuts/2013/sep/19/john-mccain-pravda-syria">"Which Pravda did John McCain write about Syria for?"</a>. <i>the Guardian</i>. 19 September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=the+Guardian&rft.atitle=Which+Pravda+did+John+McCain+write+about+Syria+for%3F&rft.date=2013-09-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2Fshortcuts%2F2013%2Fsep%2F19%2Fjohn-mccain-pravda-syria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APravda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.pravda.ru/opinion/columnists/16-09-2013/125664-pravda_mccain-0/">"There is no Pravda. There is Pravda.Ru"</a>. <i>English pravda.ru</i>. 16 September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=English+pravda.ru&rft.atitle=There+is+no+Pravda.+There+is+Pravda.Ru&rft.date=2013-09-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.pravda.ru%2Fopinion%2Fcolumnists%2F16-09-2013%2F125664-pravda_mccain-0%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APravda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-James-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-James_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-James_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-James_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">White, James D. (April 1974). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/150476">The first Pravda and the Russian Marxist Tradition</a>". <i>Soviet Studies</i>, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp. 181–204. Accessed 6 October 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/652106/Yaroslav-I">"Yaroslav I"</a>. <i>The New Encyclopædia Britannica</i>. Vol. 12 (15th ed.). 2003. p. 823. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780852299616" title="Special:BookSources/9780852299616"><bdi>9780852299616</bdi></a>. <q>Under Yaroslav the codification of legal customs and princely enactments was begun, and this work served as the basis for a law code called the Russkaya Pravda ("Russian Justice").</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Yaroslav+I&rft.btitle=The+New+Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=823&rft.edition=15th&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9780852299616&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F652106%2FYaroslav-I&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APravda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYaroslav_Padokh1993" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Yaroslav Padokh (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages\R\U\RuskaiaPravdaIT.htm">"Ruskaia Pravda"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia of Ukraine</i>. Vol. 4<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ruskaia+Pravda&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Ukraine&rft.date=1993&rft.au=Yaroslav+Padokh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopediaofukraine.com%2Fdisplay.asp%3Flinkpath%3Dpages%5CR%5CU%5CRuskaiaPravdaIT.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APravda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Corney, Frederick. (September 1985). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40868466">Trotskii and the Vienna <i>Pravda</i>, 1908–1912</a>". <i>Canadian Slavonic Papers</i>. Vol. 27, No. 3, pp. 248–268. Accessed 6 October 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bassow, Whitman. (February 1954) "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2492164">The Pre Revolutionary Pravda and Tsarist Censorship</a>". <i>American Slavic and East European Review</i>. Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 47–65. Accessed 6 October 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ralph-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ralph_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ralph_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ralph_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Elwood, Carter Ralph. (June 1972) "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2494339">Lenin and <i>Pravda</i>, 1912–1914</a>". <i>Slavic Review</i>. Vol. 31, No. 2, pp. 355–380. Accessed 6 October 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See Tony Cliff's <i>Lenin</i>. Vol 1: Building the Party (1893-1914) (1975). London: Pluto Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marxists.org/archive/cliff/works/1975/lenin1/chap19.htm">Chapter 19</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1110326753">1110326753</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Leon Trotsky, <i>History of the Russian Revolution</i>, translated by Max Eastman, Chicago, Haymarket Books, 2008, p. 209</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See Marcel Liebman, <i>Leninism under Lenin</i>, London, J. Cape, 1975, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-224-01072-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-224-01072-6">978-0-224-01072-6</a> p.123</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See E. H. Carr, <i>The Bolshevik Revolution</i>, London, <a href="/wiki/Macmillan_Publishers" title="Macmillan Publishers">Macmillan Publishers</a>, 1950, vol. 1, p. 75.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See Mark Hooker. <i>The Military Uses of Literature: Fiction and the Armed Forces in the Soviet Union</i>, Westport, CT, <a href="/wiki/Praeger_Publishers" class="mw-redirect" title="Praeger Publishers">Praeger Publishers</a>, 1996, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-275-95563-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-275-95563-2">978-0-275-95563-2</a> p.34</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stephen F. Cohen, <i>Bukharin and the Bolshevik Revolution: A Political Biography, 1888–1938</i> (Oxford University Press: London, 1980) p. 43.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stephen F. Cohen, <i>Bukharin and the Bolshevik Revolution: A Political Biography, 1888–1938</i>, p. 44.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stephen_F._Cohen_p._43-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stephen_F._Cohen_p._43_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stephen_F._Cohen_p._43_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Stephen F. Cohen, <i>Bukharin and the Bolshevik Revolution: A Political Biography, 1888–1938</i>, p. 43.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stephen F. Cohen, <i>Bukharin and the Bolshevik Revolution: A Political Biography, 1888–1938</i>, p. 311.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1987_nytimes-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1987_nytimes_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Overholser, Geneva. (12 May 1987). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1987/05/12/opinion/the-editorial-notebook-dear-pravda.html?pagewanted=1">The Editorial Notebook; Dear Pravda</a>" <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i>. Accessed 6 October 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tampabay.com/archive/1996/07/31/black-white-and-red-no-longer-pravda-folds/">"Black, white and red no longer: Pravda folds"</a>. <i>Tampa Bay Times</i>. 16 September 2005 [31 July 1996]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tampa+Bay+Times&rft.atitle=Black%2C+white+and+red+no+longer%3A+Pravda+folds&rft.date=2005-09-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tampabay.com%2Farchive%2F1996%2F07%2F31%2Fblack-white-and-red-no-longer-pravda-folds%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APravda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/russian-newspaper-pravda-truth-celebrates-its-100th-anniversary-flna754281">"Russian newspaper Pravda (Truth) celebrates its 100th anniversary"</a>. <i>NBC News</i>. 4 May 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=Russian+newspaper+Pravda+%28Truth%29+celebrates+its+100th+anniversary&rft.date=2012-05-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Frussian-newspaper-pravda-truth-celebrates-its-100th-anniversary-flna754281&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APravda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kprf.ru/xiii_congress/61738.html">"The Communist Party of the Russian Federation today"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Communist+Party+of+the+Russian+Federation+today&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkprf.ru%2Fxiii_congress%2F61738.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APravda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ТАСС-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ТАСС_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tass.ru/encyclopedia/person/komockiy-boris-olegovich">"Комоцкий, Борис Олегович"</a> (in Russian). ТАСС<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%2C+%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81+%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&rft.pub=%D0%A2%D0%90%D0%A1%D0%A1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftass.ru%2Fencyclopedia%2Fperson%2Fkomockiy-boris-olegovich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APravda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kprf.ru/party_live/105774.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Правда" на все времена. В Колонном зале Дома Союзов прошёл праздничный вечер, посвящённый 100-летию главной партийной газеты | KPRF.RU"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120508061545/http://kprf.ru/party_live/105774.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 May 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B0%22+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5+%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0.+%D0%92+%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5+%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0+%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%8E%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%88%D1%91%D0%BB+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%2C+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%89%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+100-%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8E+%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B+%7C+KPRF.RU&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkprf.ru%2Fparty_live%2F105774.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APravda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kremlin.ru/events/president/letters/15214">"Коллективу редакции газеты "Правда" | Президент России"</a>. 5 May 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201031105013/http://kremlin.ru/events/president/letters/15214">Archived</a> from the original on 31 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%83+%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B+%22%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B0%22+%7C+%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft.date=2012-05-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkremlin.ru%2Fevents%2Fpresident%2Fletters%2F15214&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APravda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPutin2013" class="citation news cs1">Putin, Vladimir V. (12 September 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/12/opinion/putin-plea-for-caution-from-russia-on-syria.html">"Opinion | A Plea for Caution From Russia"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Opinion+%7C+A+Plea+for+Caution+From+Russia&rft.date=2013-09-12&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Putin&rft.aufirst=Vladimir+V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2013%2F09%2F12%2Fopinion%2Fputin-plea-for-caution-from-russia-on-syria.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APravda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCain2013" class="citation web cs1">McCain, John (19 September 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.pravda.ru/opinion/125705-McCain_for_pravda_ru/">"Senator John McCain: Russians deserve better than Putin"</a>. <i>Pravda.ru</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pravda.ru&rft.atitle=Senator+John+McCain%3A+Russians+deserve+better+than+Putin&rft.date=2013-09-19&rft.aulast=McCain&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.pravda.ru%2Fopinion%2F125705-McCain_for_pravda_ru%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APravda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuardian_Staff2013" class="citation web cs1">Guardian Staff (19 September 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/shortcuts/2013/sep/19/john-mccain-pravda-syria">"Which Pravda did John McCain write about Syria for?"</a>. <i>the Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=the+Guardian&rft.atitle=Which+Pravda+did+John+McCain+write+about+Syria+for%3F&rft.date=2013-09-19&rft.au=Guardian+Staff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2Fshortcuts%2F2013%2Fsep%2F19%2Fjohn-mccain-pravda-syria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APravda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSudakov2013" class="citation web cs1">Sudakov, Dmitry (16 September 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.pravda.ru/opinion/125664-pravda_mccain/">"There is no Pravda. There is Pravda.Ru"</a>. <i>Pravda.ru</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pravda.ru&rft.atitle=There+is+no+Pravda.+There+is+Pravda.Ru&rft.date=2013-09-16&rft.aulast=Sudakov&rft.aufirst=Dmitry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.pravda.ru%2Fopinion%2F125664-pravda_mccain%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APravda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220121175306/https://www.enca.com/world/mccain-claim-leaves-communist-party-baffled">"McCain claim leaves Communist Party baffled | eNCA"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/ENCA" title="ENCA">eNCA</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enca.com/world/mccain-claim-leaves-communist-party-baffled">the original</a> on 21 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=eNCA&rft.atitle=McCain+claim+leaves+Communist+Party+baffled+%7C+eNCA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.enca.com%2Fworld%2Fmccain-claim-leaves-communist-party-baffled&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APravda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKopan2013" class="citation web cs1">Kopan, Tal (19 September 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/story/2013/09/john-mccain-pravda-russia-vladimir-putin-097040">"Truthfully, McCain in wrong Pravda"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=Truthfully%2C+McCain+in+wrong+Pravda&rft.date=2013-09-19&rft.aulast=Kopan&rft.aufirst=Tal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fstory%2F2013%2F09%2Fjohn-mccain-pravda-russia-vladimir-putin-097040&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APravda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Inside-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Inside_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Inside_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoxburgh1987" class="citation book cs1">Roxburgh, Angus (1987). <i>Pravda: Inside the Soviet News Machine</i>. New York: George Braziller. p. 282. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780807611869" title="Special:BookSources/9780807611869"><bdi>9780807611869</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pravda%3A+Inside+the+Soviet+News+Machine&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=282&rft.pub=George+Braziller&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=9780807611869&rft.aulast=Roxburgh&rft.aufirst=Angus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APravda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pravda&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Brooks, Jeffrey. <i>Thank You, Comrade Stalin!: Soviet Public Culture from Revolution to Cold War</i> (Princeton Up, 2001) on the language of <i>Pravda</i> and <i>Izvestia</i></li> <li>Cookson, Matthew (11 October 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.socialistworker.co.uk/art.php?id=2434">The spark that lit a revolution</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130514104438/http://www.socialistworker.co.uk/art.php?id=2434">Archived</a> 14 May 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>Socialist Worker</i>, p. 7.</li> <li>Merrill, John C. and Harold A. Fisher. <i>The world's great dailies: profiles of fifty newspapers</i> (1980) pp 242–49</li> <li>Pöppel, Ludmila. "The rhetoric of Pravda editorials: A diachronic study of a political genre." (Stockholm U. 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:197005/FULLTEXT01.pdf">online</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pravda&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pravda" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Pravda">Pravda</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gazeta-pravda.ru/"><i>Pravda</i> Newspaper</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marxists.org/history/ussr/publications/pravda/index.htm">Some articles published in <i>Pravda</i> in the 1920s</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kprf.tv/video/torzhestvennyy-vecher-posvyashchennyy-100-letiyu-pravdy.html">100 Years of <i>Pravda</i> Video Clip</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nlr.ru/res/inv/ukazat55/record_full.php?record_ID=121229">"Pravda" digital archives in "Newspapers on the web and beyond"</a>, the digital resource of the <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Russia" title="National Library of Russia">National Library of Russia</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eastview.com/resources/gpa/pravda/">Pravda Digital Archive, access from 1912 to present</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://marxism-leninism.info/paper/pravda-1">Archive of <i>Pravda</i> issues from 1918 to 1991</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Template:Communist Party of the Soviet Union"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Template talk:Communist Party of the Soviet Union"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Communist Party of the Soviet Union"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Communist Party of the Soviet Union</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Central Committee</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_leaders_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="List of leaders of the Soviet Union">Leaders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin" title="Vladimir Lenin">Vladimir Lenin</a> (1912–24)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a> (1924–53)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikita_Khrushchev" title="Nikita Khrushchev">Nikita Khrushchev</a> (1953–64)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonid_Brezhnev" title="Leonid Brezhnev">Leonid Brezhnev</a> (1964–82)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuri_Andropov" title="Yuri Andropov">Yuri Andropov</a> (1982–84)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Chernenko" title="Konstantin Chernenko">Konstantin Chernenko</a> (1984–85)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a> (1985–91)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">General Secretaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elena_Stasova" title="Elena Stasova">Elena Stasova</a> (1917–18)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakov_Sverdlov" title="Yakov Sverdlov">Yakov Sverdlov</a> (1918–19)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elena_Stasova" title="Elena Stasova">Elena Stasova</a> (Mar.–Dec. 1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Krestinsky" title="Nikolay Krestinsky">Nikolay Krestinsky</a> (1919–21)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyacheslav_Molotov" title="Vyacheslav Molotov">Vyacheslav Molotov</a> (1921–22)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a> (1922–52)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikita_Khrushchev" title="Nikita Khrushchev">Nikita Khrushchev</a> (1953–64)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonid_Brezhnev" title="Leonid Brezhnev">Leonid Brezhnev</a> (1964–82)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuri_Andropov" title="Yuri Andropov">Yuri Andropov</a> (1982–84)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Chernenko" title="Konstantin Chernenko">Konstantin Chernenko</a> (1984–85)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a> (1985–91)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Ivashko" title="Vladimir Ivashko">Vladimir Ivashko</a> (<i>acting</i>, Aug. 1991)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Decision-making bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politburo_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Politburo / Presidium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Secretariat of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Secretariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orgburo" title="Orgburo">Orgburo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Control_Commission_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Central Control Commission of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Control Commission</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Departments_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Departments of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Departments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administrative_Organs_Department_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Administrative Organs Department of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (page does not exist)">Administrative Organs</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agriculture_Department_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agriculture Department of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (page does not exist)">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chemical_Industry_Department_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chemical Industry Department of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (page does not exist)">Chemical Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Construction_Department_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Construction Department of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (page does not exist)">Construction</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_Department_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Culture Department of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (page does not exist)">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Defence_Industry_Department_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Defence Industry Department of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (page does not exist)">Defence Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_Cadres_Department_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Foreign Cadres Department of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (page does not exist)">Foreign Cadres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Department_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="General Department of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">General</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heavy_Industry_Department_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heavy Industry Department of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (page does not exist)">Heavy Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Information_Department_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Information Department of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (page does not exist)">Information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Department_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="International Department of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">International</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Light-_and_Food_Industry_Department_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Light- and Food Industry Department of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (page does not exist)">Light- and Food Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Machine_Industry_Department_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Machine Industry Department of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (page does not exist)">Machine Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organisational-party_Work_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Organisational-party Work of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (page does not exist)">Organisational-party Work</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Planning_and_Financial_Organs_Department_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Planning and Financial Organs Department of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (page does not exist)">Planning and Financial Organs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Main_Political_Directorate_of_the_Soviet_Army_and_Soviet_Navy" title="Main Political Directorate of the Soviet Army and Soviet Navy">Political Administration of the Armed Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agitprop" title="Agitprop">Propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Science_and_Education_Department_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Science and Education Department of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (page does not exist)">Science and Education</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trade_and_Consumers%27_Services_Department_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trade and Consumers' Services Department of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (page does not exist)">Trade and Consumers' Services</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transportation-Communications_Department_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transportation-Communications Department of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (page does not exist)">Transportation-Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhenotdel" title="Zhenotdel">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pravda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kommunist" title="Kommunist">Bolshevik / Kommunist</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National meetings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Congress</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_Congress_of_the_Russian_Social_Democratic_Labour_Party" title="1st Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party">1st (1898)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Congress_of_the_Russian_Social_Democratic_Labour_Party" title="2nd Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party">2nd (1903)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Congress_of_the_Russian_Social_Democratic_Labour_Party" title="3rd Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party">3rd (1905)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_Congress_of_the_Russian_Social_Democratic_Labour_Party" title="4th Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party">4th (1906)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_Congress_of_the_Russian_Social_Democratic_Labour_Party" title="5th Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party">5th (1907)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6th_Congress_of_the_Russian_Social_Democratic_Labour_Party_(Bolsheviks)" title="6th Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (Bolsheviks)">6th (1917)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7th_Congress_of_the_Russian_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" title="7th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">7th (1918)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8th_Congress_of_the_Russian_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" title="8th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">8th (1919)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9th_Congress_of_the_Russian_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" title="9th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">9th (1920)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10th_Congress_of_the_Russian_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" title="10th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">10th (1921)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11th_Congress_of_the_Russian_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" title="11th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">11th (1922)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12th_Congress_of_the_Russian_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" title="12th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">12th (1923)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13th_Congress_of_the_Russian_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" title="13th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">13th (1924)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14th_Congress_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" title="14th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">14th (1925)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15th_Congress_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" title="15th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">15th (1927)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16th_Congress_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" title="16th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">16th (1930)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17th_Congress_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" title="17th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">17th (1934)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/18th_Congress_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" title="18th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">18th (1939)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19th_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="19th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">19th (1952)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20th_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">20th (1956)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/21st_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="21st Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">21st (1959)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/22nd_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="22nd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">22nd (1961)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/23rd_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="23rd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">23rd (1966)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/24th_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="24th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">24th (1971)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/25th_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="25th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">25th (1976)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/26th_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="26th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">26th (1981)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/27th_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="27th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">27th (1986)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/28th_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="28th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">28th (1990)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conference_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conference of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (page does not exist)">Conference</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tampere_conference_of_1905" title="Tampere conference of 1905">1st (1905)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2nd_Conference_of_the_Russian_Social_Democratic_Labour_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2nd Conference of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (page does not exist)">2nd (1906)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=3rd_Conference_of_the_Russian_Social_Democratic_Labour_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3rd Conference of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (page does not exist)">3rd (Aug. 1907)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=4th_Conference_of_the_Russian_Social_Democratic_Labour_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="4th Conference of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (page does not exist)">4th (Nov. 1907)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=5th_Conference_of_the_Russian_Social_Democratic_Labour_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="5th Conference of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (page does not exist)">5th (1908)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prague_Conference" title="Prague Conference">6th (1912)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=7th_Conference_of_the_Russian_Social_Democratic_Labour_Party_(Bolsheviks)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="7th Conference of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (Bolsheviks) (page does not exist)">7th (1917)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=8th_Conference_of_the_Russian_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="8th Conference of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) (page does not exist)">8th (1919)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=9th_Conference_of_the_Russian_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="9th Conference of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) (page does not exist)">9th (1920)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=10th_Conference_of_the_Russian_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="10th Conference of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) (page does not exist)">10th (May 1921)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=11th_Conference_of_the_Russian_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="11th Conference of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) (page does not exist)">11th (Dec. 1921)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=12th_Conference_of_the_Russian_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="12th Conference of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) (page does not exist)">12th (1922)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=13th_Conference_of_the_Russian_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="13th Conference of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) (page does not exist)">13th (1924)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=14th_Conference_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="14th Conference of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) (page does not exist)">14th (1925)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=15th_Conference_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="15th Conference of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) (page does not exist)">15th (1926)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=16th_Conference_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="16th Conference of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) (page does not exist)">16th (1929)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=17th_Conference_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="17th Conference of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) (page does not exist)">17th (1932)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=18th_Conference_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="18th Conference of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) (page does not exist)">18th (1941)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19th_All-Union_Conference_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="19th All-Union Conference of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">19th (1988)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Leadership sittings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elected by the<br />Central Committee</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politburo_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Politburo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inner-composition_of_the_6th_Congress_of_the_Russian_Social_Democratic_Labour_Party_(Bolsheviks)" title="Inner-composition of the 6th Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (Bolsheviks)">Aug.–Oct. 1917</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inner-composition_of_the_6th_Congress_of_the_Russian_Social_Democratic_Labour_Party_(Bolsheviks)" title="Inner-composition of the 6th Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (Bolsheviks)">Oct.–Dec. 1917</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inner-composition_of_the_6th_Congress_of_the_Russian_Social_Democratic_Labour_Party_(Bolsheviks)" title="Inner-composition of the 6th Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (Bolsheviks)">6th (1917–18)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau,_Secretariat_and_Orgburo_of_the_7th_Congress_of_the_Russian_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" title="Bureau, Secretariat and Orgburo of the 7th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">7th (1918–19)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politburo_and_Secretariat_of_the_8th_Congress_of_the_Russian_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" title="Politburo and Secretariat of the 8th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">8th (1919–20)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politburo,_Secretariat_and_Orgburo_of_the_9th_Congress_of_the_Russian_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" title="Politburo, Secretariat and Orgburo of the 9th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">9th (1920–21)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politburo_of_the_10th_Congress_of_the_Russian_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" title="Politburo of the 10th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">10th (1921–22)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politburo_of_the_11th_Congress_of_the_Russian_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" title="Politburo of the 11th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">11th (1922–23)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politburo_of_the_12th_Congress_of_the_Russian_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" title="Politburo of the 12th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">12th (1923–24)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politburo_of_the_13th_Congress_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" title="Politburo of the 13th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">13th (1924–25)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politburo_of_the_14th_Congress_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" title="Politburo of the 14th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">14th (1925–27)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politburo_of_the_15th_Congress_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" title="Politburo of the 15th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">15th (1927–30)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politburo_of_the_16th_Congress_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" title="Politburo of the 16th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">16th (1930–34)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politburo_of_the_17th_Congress_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" title="Politburo of the 17th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">17th (1934–39)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politburo_of_the_18th_Congress_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" title="Politburo of the 18th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">18th (1939–52)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidium_of_the_19th_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Presidium of the 19th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">19th (1952–56)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidium_of_the_20th_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Presidium of the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">20th (1956–61)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidium_of_the_22nd_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Presidium of the 22nd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">22nd (1961–66)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politburo_of_the_23rd_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Politburo of the 23rd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">23rd (1966–71)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politburo_of_the_24th_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Politburo of the 24th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">24th (1971–76)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politburo_of_the_25th_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Politburo of the 25th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">25th (1976–81)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politburo_of_the_26th_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Politburo of the 26th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">26th (1981–86)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politburo_of_the_27th_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Politburo of the 27th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">27th (1986–90)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politburo_of_the_28th_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Politburo of the 28th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">28th (1990–91)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Secretariat of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Secretariat</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inner-composition_of_the_6th_Congress_of_the_Russian_Social_Democratic_Labour_Party_(Bolsheviks)" title="Inner-composition of the 6th Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (Bolsheviks)">6th (1917–18)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau,_Secretariat_and_Orgburo_of_the_7th_Congress_of_the_Russian_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" title="Bureau, Secretariat and Orgburo of the 7th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">7th (1918–19)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politburo_and_Secretariat_of_the_8th_Congress_of_the_Russian_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" title="Politburo and Secretariat of the 8th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">8th (1919–20)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politburo,_Secretariat_and_Orgburo_of_the_9th_Congress_of_the_Russian_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" title="Politburo, Secretariat and Orgburo of the 9th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">9th (1920–21)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_the_10th_Congress_of_the_Russian_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" title="Secretariat of the 10th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">10th (1921–22)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_the_11th_Congress_of_the_Russian_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" title="Secretariat of the 11th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">11th (1922–23)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_the_12th_Congress_of_the_Russian_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" title="Secretariat of the 12th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">12th (1923–24)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_the_13th_Congress_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" title="Secretariat of the 13th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">13th (1924–25)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_the_14th_Congress_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" title="Secretariat of the 14th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">14th (1925–27)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_the_15th_Congress_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" title="Secretariat of the 15th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">15th (1927–30)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_the_16th_Congress_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" title="Secretariat of the 16th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">16th (1930–34)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_the_17th_Congress_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" title="Secretariat of the 17th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">17th (1934–39)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_the_18th_Congress_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" title="Secretariat of the 18th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">18th (1939–52)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_the_19th_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Secretariat of the 19th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">19th (1952–56)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_the_20th_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Secretariat of the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">20th (1956–61)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_the_22nd_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Secretariat of the 22nd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">22nd (1961–66)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_the_23rd_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Secretariat of the 23rd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">23rd (1966–71)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_the_24th_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Secretariat of the 24th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">24th (1971–76)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_the_25th_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Secretariat of the 25th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">25th (1976–81)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_the_26th_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Secretariat of the 26th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">26th (1981–86)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_the_27th_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Secretariat of the 27th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">27th (1986–90)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_the_28th_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Secretariat of the 28th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">28th (1990–91)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Orgburo" title="Orgburo">Orgburo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bureau,_Secretariat_and_Orgburo_of_the_7th_Congress_of_the_Russian_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" title="Bureau, Secretariat and Orgburo of the 7th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">7th (Jan.–Mar. 1919)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orgburo_of_the_8th_Congress_of_the_Russian_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" title="Orgburo of the 8th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">8th (1919–20)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politburo,_Secretariat_and_Orgburo_of_the_9th_Congress_of_the_Russian_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" title="Politburo, Secretariat and Orgburo of the 9th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">9th (1920–21)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orgburo_of_the_10th_Congress_of_the_Russian_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" title="Orgburo of the 10th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">10th (1921–22)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orgburo_of_the_11th_Congress_of_the_Russian_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" title="Orgburo of the 11th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">11th (1922–23)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orgburo_of_the_12th_Congress_of_the_Russian_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" title="Orgburo of the 12th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">12th (1923–24)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orgburo_of_the_13th_Congress_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" title="Orgburo of the 13th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">13th (1924–25)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orgburo_of_the_14th_Congress_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" title="Orgburo of the 14th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">14th (1925–27)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orgburo_of_the_15th_Congress_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" title="Orgburo of the 15th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">15th (1927–30)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orgburo_of_the_16th_Congress_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" title="Orgburo of the 16th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">16th (1930–34)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orgburo_of_the_17th_Congress_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" title="Orgburo of the 17th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">17th (1934–39)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orgburo_of_the_18th_Congress_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" title="Orgburo of the 18th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">18th (1939–52)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Control_Commission_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Central Control Commission of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Control Committee</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Party_Control_Commission_of_the_17th_Congress_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Party Control Commission of the 17th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) (page does not exist)">17th (1934–39)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Party_Control_Commission_of_the_18th_Congress_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Party Control Commission of the 18th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) (page does not exist)">18th (1939–52)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Party_Control_Committee_of_the_19th_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Party Control Committee of the 19th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (page does not exist)">19th (1952–56)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Party_Control_Committee_of_the_20th_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Party Control Committee of the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (page does not exist)">20th (1956–61)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Party_Control_Committee_of_the_22nd_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Party Control Committee of the 22nd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (page does not exist)">22nd (1961–66)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Party_Control_Committee_of_the_23rd_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Party Control Committee of the 23rd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (page does not exist)">23rd (1966–71)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Party_Control_Committee_of_the_24th_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Party Control Committee of the 24th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (page does not exist)">24th (1971–76)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Party_Control_Committee_of_the_25th_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Party Control Committee of the 25th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (page does not exist)">25th (1976–81)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Party_Control_Committee_of_the_26th_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Party Control Committee of the 26th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (page does not exist)">26th (1981–86)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Party_Control_Committee_of_the_27th_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Party Control Committee of the 27th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (page does not exist)">27th (1986–90)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elected by the <a href="/wiki/Central_Control_Commission_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Central Control Commission of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Central<br />Control Commission</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidium_of_the_Central_Control_Commission_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presidium of the Central Control Commission of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (page does not exist)">Presidium</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidium_of_the_Central_Control_Commission_of_the_12th_Congress_of_the_Russian_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presidium of the Central Control Commission of the 12th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) (page does not exist)">12th (1923–24)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidium_of_the_Central_Control_Commission_of_the_13th_Congress_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presidium of the Central Control Commission of the 13th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) (page does not exist)">13th (1924–25)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidium_of_the_Central_Control_Commission_of_the_14th_Congress_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presidium of the Central Control Commission of the 14th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) (page does not exist)">14th (1925–27)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidium_of_the_Central_Control_Commission_of_the_15th_Congress_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presidium of the Central Control Commission of the 15th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) (page does not exist)">15th (1927–30)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidium_of_the_Central_Control_Commission_of_the_16th_Congress_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presidium of the Central Control Commission of the 16th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) (page does not exist)">16th (1930–34)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidium_of_the_Central_Control_Commission_of_the_16th_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presidium of the Central Control Commission of the 16th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (page does not exist)">28th (1990–91)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secretariat_of_the_Central_Control_Commission_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Secretariat of the Central Control Commission of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (page does not exist)">Secretariat</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secretariat_of_the_Central_Control_Commission_of_the_12th_Congress_of_the_Russian_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Secretariat of the Central Control Commission of the 12th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) (page does not exist)">12th (1923–24)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secretariat_of_the_Central_Control_Commission_of_the_13th_Congress_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Secretariat of the Central Control Commission of the 13th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) (page does not exist)">13th (1924–25)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secretariat_of_the_Central_Control_Commission_of_the_14th_Congress_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Secretariat of the Central Control Commission of the 14th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) (page does not exist)">14th (1925–27)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collegium_of_the_Central_Control_Commission_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Collegium of the Central Control Commission of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (page does not exist)">Collegium</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collegium_of_the_Central_Control_Commission_of_the_12th_Congress_of_the_Russian_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Collegium of the Central Control Commission of the 12th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) (page does not exist)">12th (1923–24)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collegium_of_the_Central_Control_Commission_of_the_13th_Congress_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Collegium of the Central Control Commission of the 13th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) (page does not exist)">13th (1924–25)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collegium_of_the_Central_Control_Commission_of_the_14th_Congress_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Collegium of the Central Control Commission of the 14th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) (page does not exist)">14th (1925–27)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collegium_of_the_Central_Control_Commission_of_the_15th_Congress_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Collegium of the Central Control Commission of the 15th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) (page does not exist)">15th (1927–30)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collegium_of_the_Central_Control_Commission_of_the_16th_Congress_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Collegium of the Central Control Commission of the 16th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) (page does not exist)">16th (1930–34)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elected by<br />Congress</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Central Committee</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_Congress_of_the_Russian_Social_Democratic_Labour_Party" title="1st Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party">1st (1898–1903)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_2nd_Congress_of_the_Russian_Social_Democratic_Labour_Party" title="Central Committee of the 2nd Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party">2nd (1903–05)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_3rd_Congress_of_the_Russian_Social_Democratic_Labour_Party" title="Central Committee of the 3rd Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party">3rd (Apr.–Dec. 1905)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_1st_Conference_of_the_Russian_Social_Democratic_Labour_Party" title="Central Committee of the 1st Conference of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party">CC of the 1st Conf. (1905–06)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_4th_Congress_of_the_Russian_Social_Democratic_Labour_Party" title="Central Committee of the 4th Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party">4th (1906–07)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_5th_Congress_of_the_Russian_Social_Democratic_Labour_Party" title="Central Committee of the 5th Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party">5th (1907–12)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_6th_Conference_of_the_Russian_Social_Democratic_Labour_Party_(Bolsheviks)" title="Central Committee of the 6th Conference of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (Bolsheviks)">CC of the 6th Conf. (1912–17)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_7th_Conference_of_the_Russian_Social_Democratic_Labour_Party_(Bolsheviks)" title="Central Committee of the 7th Conference of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (Bolsheviks)">CC of the 7th Conf. (Apr.–Aug. 1917)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_6th_Congress_of_the_Russian_Social_Democratic_Labour_Party_(Bolsheviks)" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Committee of the 6th Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (Bolsheviks)">6th (1917–18)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_7th_Congress_of_the_Russian_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" title="Central Committee of the 7th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">7th (1918–19)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_8th_Congress_of_the_Russian_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" title="Central Committee of the 8th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">8th (1919–20)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_9th_Congress_of_the_Russian_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" title="Central Committee of the 9th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">9th (1920–21)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_10th_Congress_of_the_Russian_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" title="Central Committee of the 10th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">10th (1921–22)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_11th_Congress_of_the_Russian_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" title="Central Committee of the 11th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">11th (1922–23)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_12th_Congress_of_the_Russian_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" title="Central Committee of the 12th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">12th (1923–24)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_13th_Congress_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" title="Central Committee of the 13th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">13th (1924–25)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_14th_Congress_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" title="Central Committee of the 14th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">14th (1925–27)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_15th_Congress_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" title="Central Committee of the 15th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">15th (1927–30)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_16th_Congress_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" title="Central Committee of the 16th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">16th (1930–34)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_17th_Congress_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" title="Central Committee of the 17th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">17th (1934–39)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_18th_Congress_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" title="Central Committee of the 18th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">18th (1939–52)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_19th_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Central Committee of the 19th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">19th (1952–56)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_20th_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Central Committee of the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">20th (1956–61)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_22nd_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Central Committee of the 22nd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">22nd (1961–66)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_23rd_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Central Committee of the 23rd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">23rd (1966–71)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_24th_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Central Committee of the 24th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">24th (1971–76)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_25th_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Central Committee of the 25th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">25th (1976–81)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_26th_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Central Committee of the 26th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">26th (1981–86)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_27th_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Central Committee of the 27th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">27th (1986–90)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_28th_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Central Committee of the 28th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">28th (1990–91)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Auditing_Commission_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Central Auditing Commission of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Auditing Commission</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Auditing_Commission_of_the_8th,_10th,_13th,_14th_and_15th_Congress_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" title="Central Auditing Commission of the 8th, 10th, 13th, 14th and 15th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">8th (1919–21)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Auditing_Commission_of_the_8th,_10th,_13th,_14th_and_15th_Congress_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" title="Central Auditing Commission of the 8th, 10th, 13th, 14th and 15th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">10th (1921–24)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Auditing_Commission_of_the_8th,_10th,_13th,_14th_and_15th_Congress_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" title="Central Auditing Commission of the 8th, 10th, 13th, 14th and 15th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">13th (1924–25)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Auditing_Commission_of_the_8th,_10th,_13th,_14th_and_15th_Congress_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" title="Central Auditing Commission of the 8th, 10th, 13th, 14th and 15th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">14th (1925–27)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Auditing_Commission_of_the_8th,_10th,_13th,_14th_and_15th_Congress_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" title="Central Auditing Commission of the 8th, 10th, 13th, 14th and 15th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">15th (1927–30)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Auditing_Commission_of_the_16th_Congress_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" title="Central Auditing Commission of the 16th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">16th (1930–34)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Auditing_Commission_of_the_17th_Congress_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" title="Central Auditing Commission of the 17th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">17th (1934–39)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Auditing_Commission_of_the_18th_Congress_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" title="Central Auditing Commission of the 18th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">18th (1939–52)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Auditing_Commission_of_the_19th_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Central Auditing Commission of the 19th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">19th (1952–56)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Auditing_Commission_of_the_20th_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Central Auditing Commission of the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">20th (1956–61)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Auditing_Commission_of_the_22nd_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Central Auditing Commission of the 22nd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">22nd (1961–66)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Auditing_Commission_of_the_23rd_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Central Auditing Commission of the 23rd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">23rd (1966–71)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Auditing_Commission_of_the_24th_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Central Auditing Commission of the 24th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">24th (1971–76)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Auditing_Commission_of_the_25th_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Central Auditing Commission of the 25th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">25th (1976–81)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Auditing_Commission_of_the_26th_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Central Auditing Commission of the 26th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">26th (1981–86)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Auditing_Commission_of_the_27th_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Central Auditing Commission of the 27th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">27th (1986–90)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Control_Commission_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Central Control Commission of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Control Commission</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Control_Commission_of_the_9th_Congress_of_the_Russian_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Control Commission of the 9th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) (page does not exist)">9th (1920–21)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Control_Commission_of_the_10th_Congress_of_the_Russian_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Control Commission of the 10th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) (page does not exist)">10th (1921–22)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Control_Commission_of_the_11th_Congress_of_the_Russian_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Control Commission of the 11th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) (page does not exist)">11th (1922–23)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Control_Commission_of_the_12th_Congress_of_the_Russian_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Control Commission of the 12th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) (page does not exist)">12th (1923–24)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Control_Commission_of_the_13th_Congress_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Control Commission of the 13th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) (page does not exist)">13th (1924–25)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Control_Commission_of_the_14th_Congress_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Control Commission of the 14th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) (page does not exist)">14th (1925–27)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Control_Commission_of_the_15th_Congress_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Control Commission of the 15th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) (page does not exist)">15th (1927–30)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Control_Commission_of_the_16th_Congress_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Control Commission of the 16th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) (page does not exist)">16th (1930–34)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Control_Commission_of_the_28th_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Control Commission of the 28th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (page does not exist)">28th (1990–91)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wider organisation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Republican-level</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Armenia_(Soviet_Union)" title="Communist Party of Armenia (Soviet Union)">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_Communist_Party_(1920)" title="Azerbaijan Communist Party (1920)">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Byelorussia" title="Communist Party of Byelorussia">Byelorussian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Bukhara" title="Communist Party of Bukhara">Bukharan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Estonia" title="Communist Party of Estonia">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Georgia_(Soviet_Union)" title="Communist Party of Georgia (Soviet Union)">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Karelo-Finnish_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Communist Party of the Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic">Karelo-Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Kazakhstan_(Soviet_Union)" title="Communist Party of Kazakhstan (Soviet Union)">Kazakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Khorezm" title="Communist Party of Khorezm">Khorezmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Kirghizia" title="Communist Party of Kirghizia">Kirghiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Latvia" title="Communist Party of Latvia">Latvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Lithuania" title="Communist Party of Lithuania">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Moldavia" title="Communist Party of Moldavia">Moldavian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic" title="Communist Party of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic">Russian SFSR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Tajikistan" title="Communist Party of Tajikistan">Tajik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Communist_Party_of_Transcaucasia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Communist Party of Transcaucasia (page does not exist)">Transcaucasian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Turkestan" title="Communist Party of Turkestan">Turkestani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Turkmenistan" title="Communist Party of Turkmenistan">Turkmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Ukraine_(Soviet_Union)" title="Communist Party of Ukraine (Soviet Union)">Ukrainian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Uzbekistan" title="Communist Party of Uzbekistan">Uzbek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Local-level</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Committee_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Regional Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Obkom</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Okrug_committee_of_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Okrug committee of Communist Party of the Soviet Union (page does not exist)">Okrugkom</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=City_committee_of_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="City committee of Communist Party of the Soviet Union (page does not exist)">Gorkom</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=District_committee_of_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="District committee of Communist Party of the Soviet Union (page does not exist)">Raikom</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Party_committee_of_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Party committee of Communist Party of the Soviet Union (page does not exist)">Partkom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other organs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Statute_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Statute of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (page does not exist)">Statute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komsomol" title="Komsomol">All-Union Leninist Young Communist League (Komsomol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Pioneers_(Soviet_Union)" title="Young Pioneers (Soviet Union)">Vladimir Lenin All-Union Pioneer Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Main_Political_Directorate_of_the_Soviet_Army_and_Soviet_Navy" title="Main Political Directorate of the Soviet Army and Soviet Navy">Main Political Directorate of the Soviet Army and Soviet Navy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Groupings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ban_on_factions_in_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Ban on factions in the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Ban on factions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_of_Democratic_Centralism" title="Group of Democratic Centralism">Group of Democratic Centralism</a> (1919–21)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_Opposition" title="Workers' Opposition">Workers' Opposition</a> (1920–21)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_Truth" title="Workers' Truth">Workers' Truth</a> (1921–23)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left_Opposition" title="Left Opposition">Left Opposition</a> (1923–27)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers_Group_of_the_Russian_Communist_Party" title="Workers Group of the Russian Communist Party">Workers' Group</a> (1923–30)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_Opposition" title="Right Opposition">Right Opposition</a> (1924–33)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Opposition_(Soviet_Union)" title="United Opposition (Soviet Union)">United Opposition</a> (1926–27)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrtsov-Lominadze_Affair" title="Syrtsov-Lominadze Affair">Left-Right Bloc</a> (1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryutin_affair" title="Ryutin affair">Union of Marxist-Leninists</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloc_of_Soviet_Oppositions" title="Bloc of Soviet Oppositions">Bloc of Soviet Oppositions</a> (1932–33)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Party_Group" title="Anti-Party Group">Anti-Party Group</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_(faction)" title="Soyuz (faction)">Soyuz</a> (1990–91)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Committee_on_the_State_of_Emergency" title="State Committee on the State of Emergency">State Committee on the State of Emergency</a> (1991)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bloc_of_Communists_and_Non-Partisans" title="Bloc of Communists and Non-Partisans">Bloc of Communists and Non-Partisans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Jewish_Labour_Bund" title="General Jewish Labour Bund">General Jewish Labour Bund in Lithuania, Poland and Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Russian_Revolutionary_Social_Democracy_Abroad" title="League of Russian Revolutionary Social Democracy Abroad">League of Russian Revolutionary Social Democracy Abroad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Struggle_for_the_Emancipation_of_the_Working_Class" title="League of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class">League of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purges_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Purges of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Purges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siberian_Social-Democratic_Union" title="Siberian Social-Democratic Union">Siberian Social-Democratic Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democracy_of_the_Kingdom_of_Poland_and_Lithuania" title="Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania">Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Russian_Social_Democrats_Abroad" title="Union of Russian Social Democrats Abroad">Union of Russian Social Democrats Abroad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_media_in_the_former_Eastern_Bloc" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Eastern_Bloc_media" title="Template:Eastern Bloc media"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Eastern_Bloc_media" title="Template talk:Eastern Bloc media"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Eastern_Bloc_media" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Eastern Bloc media"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_media_in_the_former_Eastern_Bloc" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc_media_and_propaganda" title="Eastern Bloc media and propaganda">National media in the former Eastern Bloc</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc_media_and_propaganda" title="Eastern Bloc media and propaganda">Eastern Bloc information dissemination</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Overview</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Media of the Soviet Union">Media of the Soviet Union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Broadcasting in the Soviet Union">Broadcasting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_Committee_of_Television_and_Radio_Broadcasting_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="State Committee of Television and Radio Broadcasting of the Soviet Union">State Committee</a> (Gosteleradio)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Radio in the Soviet Union">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Television in the Soviet Union">Television</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Printed_media_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Printed media in the Soviet Union">Printed media</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Communist_Czechoslovakia" title="Mass media in Communist Czechoslovakia">Mass media in Communist Czechoslovakia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Newspapers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Soviet Union <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_newspapers_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Central newspapers of the Soviet Union">Central newspapers</a>: <i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pravda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Izvestia" title="Izvestia">Izvestia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Komsomolskaya_Pravda" title="Komsomolskaya Pravda">Komsomolskaya Pravda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pionerskaya_Pravda" title="Pionerskaya Pravda">Pionerskaya Pravda</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trud_(Russian_newspaper)" title="Trud (Russian newspaper)"><i>Trud</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sovetsky_Sport" title="Sovetsky Sport">Sovetsky Sport</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Printed_media_in_the_Soviet_Union#Republican_and_regional_newspapers" title="Printed media in the Soviet Union">Republican newspapers</a>: <i><a href="/wiki/Sovetskaya_Rossiya" title="Sovetskaya Rossiya">Sovetskaya Rossiya</a></i> (Russian SFSR)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zvyazda" title="Zvyazda">Zvyazda</a></i> (Byelorussian SSR)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sovetskaya_Latviya" title="Sovetskaya Latviya">Sovetskaya Latviya</a></i> (Latvian SSR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neatkar%C4%ABg%C4%81_R%C4%ABta_Av%C4%ABze" title="Neatkarīgā Rīta Avīze"><i>Cīņa</i></a> (Latvian SSR)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tiesa" title="Tiesa">Tiesa</a></i> (Lithuanian SSR)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kurier_Wile%C5%84ski" title="Kurier Wileński">Czerwony Sztandar</a></i> (Lithuanian SSR)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rahva_H%C3%A4%C3%A4l" title="Rahva Hääl">Rahva Hääl</a></i> (Estonian SSR)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Karjalan_Sanomat" title="Karjalan Sanomat">Neuvosto-Karjala</a></i> (Karelo-Finnish SSR)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Komunisti" title="Komunisti">Komunisti</a></i> (Georgian SSR)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yegemen_Qazaqstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Yegemen Qazaqstan">Sotsialistik Qazaqstan</a></i> (Kazakh SSR)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_tuusu" title="Kyrgyz tuusu">Sovettik Kyrgyzstan</a></i> (Kirghiz SSR)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moldova_Suveran%C4%83" title="Moldova Suverană">Moldova Socialistă</a></i> (Moldavian SSR)</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Borba_(newspaper)" title="Borba (newspaper)">Borba</a></i> (Yugoslavia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Delo_(newspaper)" title="Delo (newspaper)">Delo</a></i> (Yugoslavia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dnevnik_(Novi_Sad)" title="Dnevnik (Novi Sad)">Dnevnik</a></i> (Yugoslavia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Esti_Budapest" title="Esti Budapest">Esti Budapest</a></i> (Hungary)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Esti_H%C3%ADrlap" title="Esti Hírlap">Esti Hírlap</a></i> (Hungary)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Freie_Erde" title="Freie Erde">Freie Erde</a></i> (East Germany)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Haqiqat-e_Inquilab-e_Saur" title="Haqiqat-e Inquilab-e Saur">Haqiqat-e Inquilab-e Saur</a></i> (Afghanistan)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Laiko_Vima" title="Laiko Vima">Laiko Vima</a></i> (Albania)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mlad%C3%A1_fronta_Dnes" title="Mladá fronta Dnes">Mladá fronta DNES</a></i> (Czechoslovakia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9pszabads%C3%A1g" title="Népszabadság">Népszabadság</a></i> (Hungary)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neues_Deutschland" title="Neues Deutschland">Neues Deutschland</a></i> (East Germany)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nova_Makedonija" title="Nova Makedonija">Nova Makedonija</a></i> (Yugoslavia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Novi_list" title="Novi list">Novi list</a></i> (Yugoslavia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oslobo%C4%91enje" title="Oslobođenje">Oslobođenje</a></i> (Yugoslavia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pobjeda" title="Pobjeda">Pobjeda</a></i> (Yugoslavia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Politika" title="Politika">Politika</a></i> (Yugoslavia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Politika_Ekspres" title="Politika Ekspres">Politika Ekspres</a></i> (Yugoslavia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pravda_(Slovakia)" title="Pravda (Slovakia)">Pravda</a></i> (Czechoslovakia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rabotnichesko_delo" title="Rabotnichesko delo">Rabotnichesko Delo</a></i> (Bulgaria)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rud%C3%A9_pr%C3%A1vo" title="Rudé právo">Rudé právo</a></i> (Czechoslovakia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sc%C3%AEnteia" title="Scînteia">Scînteia</a></i> (Romania)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Slobodna_Dalmacija" title="Slobodna Dalmacija">Slobodna Dalmacija</a></i> (Yugoslavia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/DSL_Sport" title="DSL Sport">Sport</a></i> (Yugoslavia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sportske_novosti" title="Sportske novosti">Sportske novosti</a></i> (Yugoslavia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trybuna_Ludu" title="Trybuna Ludu">Trybuna Ludu</a></i> (Poland)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ve%C4%8Dernje_novosti" title="Večernje novosti">Večernje novosti</a></i> (Yugoslavia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ve%C4%8Dernji_list" title="Večernji list">Večernji list</a></i> (Yugoslavia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vjesnik" title="Vjesnik">Vjesnik</a></i> (Yugoslavia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Z%C3%ABri_i_Popullit" title="Zëri i Popullit">Zëri i Popullit</a></i> (Albania)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Magazines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Atze" title="Atze">Atze</a></i> (East Germany)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dolgoz%C3%B3_n%C5%91" title="Dolgozó nő">Dolgozó nő</a></i> (Romania)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Duga_(magazine)" title="Duga (magazine)">Duga</a></i> (Yugoslavia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/D%C5%BEuboks" title="Džuboks">Džuboks</a></i> (Yugoslavia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eulenspiegel_(magazine)" title="Eulenspiegel (magazine)">Eulenspiegel</a></i> (East Germany)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Femeia" title="Femeia">Femeia</a></i> (Romania)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Filmspiegel" title="Filmspiegel">Filmspiegel</a></i> (East Germany)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Form_und_Zweck" title="Form und Zweck">Form und Zweck</a></i> (East Germany)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/FR%C3%96SI" title="FRÖSI">FRÖSI</a></i> (East Germany)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/F%C3%BCr_Dich_(magazine)" title="Für Dich (magazine)">Für Dich</a></i> (East Germany)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Galaksija_(magazine)" title="Galaksija (magazine)">Galaksija</a></i> (Yugoslavia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Guter_Rat" title="Guter Rat">Guter Rat</a></i> (East Germany)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Izgled" title="Izgled">Izgled</a></i> (Yugoslavia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jugend_und_Technik" title="Jugend und Technik">Jugend und Technik</a></i> (East Germany)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jugoslavija_(magazine)" title="Jugoslavija (magazine)">Jugoslavija</a></i> (Yugoslavia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Knji%C5%BEevna_re%C4%8D" title="Književna reč">Književna reč</a></i> (Yugoslavia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kultur_im_Heim" title="Kultur im Heim">Kultur im Heim</a></i> (East Germany)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lak%C3%A1skult%C3%BAra" title="Lakáskultúra">Lakáskultúra</a></i> (Hungary)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Na%C5%A1a_%C5%BEena" title="Naša žena">Naša žena</a></i> (Yugoslavia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neue_Berliner_Illustrierte" title="Neue Berliner Illustrierte">Neue Berliner Illustrierte</a></i> (East Germany)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neue_Werbung" title="Neue Werbung">Neue Werbung</a></i> (East Germany)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neuer_Weg_(magazine)" title="Neuer Weg (magazine)">Neuer Weg</a></i> (East Germany)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neues_Leben" title="Neues Leben">Neues Leben</a></i> (East Germany)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/NIN_(magazine)" title="NIN (magazine)">NIN</a></i> (Yugoslavia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Novy_Vostok" title="Novy Vostok">Novy Vostok</a></i> (Soviet Union)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oktyabr_(magazine)" title="Oktyabr (magazine)">Oktyabr</a></i> (Soviet Union)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pogledi" title="Pogledi">Pogledi</a></i> (Yugoslavia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Politikin_Zabavnik" title="Politikin Zabavnik">Politikin Zabavnik</a></i> (Yugoslavia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sibylle_(magazine)" title="Sibylle (magazine)">Sibylle</a></i> (East Germany)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Signal,_International_Review_of_Signalist_Research" title="Signal, International Review of Signalist Research">Signal</a></i> (Yugoslavia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_(magazine)" title="Sputnik (magazine)">Sputnik</a></i> (Soviet Union)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Start_(Yugoslav_magazine)" title="Start (Yugoslav magazine)">Start</a></i> (Yugoslavia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Svet_kompjutera" title="Svet kompjutera">Svet kompjutera</a></i> (Yugoslavia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Svijet" title="Svijet">Svijet</a></i> (Yugoslavia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tempo_(Serbian_magazine)" title="Tempo (Serbian magazine)">Tempo</a></i> (Yugoslavia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tina_(magazine)" title="Tina (magazine)">Tina</a></i> (Yugoslavia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vlasta_(magazine)" title="Vlasta (magazine)">Vlasta</a></i> (Czechoslovakia)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RTSH" title="RTSH">Televizioni Shqiptar</a> (Albania)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_National_Television" title="Bulgarian National Television">Bulgarian National Television</a> (Bulgaria)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_Television" class="mw-redirect" title="Czechoslovak Television">ČST</a> (Czechoslovakia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutscher_Fernsehfunk" title="Deutscher Fernsehfunk">DFF</a> (East Germany)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magyar_Telev%C3%ADzi%C3%B3" title="Magyar Televízió">MTV</a> (Hungary)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telewizja_Polska" title="Telewizja Polska">TVP</a> (Poland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVR_(TV_network)" title="TVR (TV network)">TVR</a> (Romania)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Central_Television" title="Soviet Central Television">Central Television</a> (USSR) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Programme_One" title="Programme One">Programme One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programme_Two" title="Programme Two">Programme Two</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_Programme" title="Moscow Programme">Moscow Programme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5TV_(Russian_TV_channel)" title="5TV (Russian TV channel)">Leningrad Television (Russian SFSR)</a></li> <li>Republican stations: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Public_Television_Company_of_Armenia" title="Public Television Company of Armenia">Armenia 1 (Armenian SSR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AzTV" title="AzTV">AzTV (Azerbaijan SSR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarus-1" title="Belarus-1">Belarus Television (Byelorussian SSR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eesti_Televisioon" title="Eesti Televisioon">ETV (Estonian SSR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Channel_(Georgian_TV_channel)" title="First Channel (Georgian TV channel)">First Channel (Georgian SSR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Television" title="Latvian Television">Rigas Televīzija (Latvian SSR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_National_Radio_and_Television" title="Lithuanian National Radio and Television">Lietuvos Televizija (Lithuanian SSR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova_1" title="Moldova 1">Canalul 1 (Moldavian SSR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pershyi" title="Pershyi">Ukrainian Television Ch.1/Ukrainian Television Ch.2 (Ukrainian SSR)</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Radio</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All-Union_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="All-Union Radio">All-Union Radio</a> (USSR) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_Union_First_Programme" title="All Union First Programme">First Programme</a> (USSR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eesti_Raadio" title="Eesti Raadio">Eesti Raadio</a> (Estonian SSR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvijas_Radio" title="Latvijas Radio">Latvijas Radio 1</a> (Latvian SSR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_National_Radio_and_Television" title="Lithuanian National Radio and Television">Lietuvos radijas</a> (Lithuanian SSR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Moscow" title="Radio Moscow">Radio Moscow</a> (Russian SFSR) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Peace_and_Progress" title="Radio Peace and Progress">Radio Peace and Progress</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Radio_of_Armenia" title="Public Radio of Armenia">Public Radio of the Armenian SSR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Belarus" title="Radio Belarus">Radio Belarus</a> (Byelorussian SSR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Georgia" title="Radio Georgia">Radio Georgia</a> (Georgian SSR)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rundfunk_der_DDR" title="Rundfunk der DDR">Rundfunk der DDR</a> (East Germany) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berliner_Rundfunk" title="Berliner Rundfunk">Berliner Rundfunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutschlandsender" title="Deutschlandsender">Deutschlandsender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_DDR_1" title="Radio DDR 1">Radio DDR 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_DDR_2" title="Radio DDR 2">Radio DDR 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_(radio_station)" title="Sputnik (radio station)">DT64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Berlin_International" title="Radio Berlin International">Radio Berlin International</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTSH" title="RTSH">Radio Tirana</a> (Albania)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Bulgaria" title="Radio Bulgaria">Radio Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horizont_(radio_station)" title="Horizont (radio station)">Horizont</a> (Bulgaria)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magyar_R%C3%A1di%C3%B3" title="Magyar Rádió">Magyar Rádió</a> (Hungary)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kossuth_R%C3%A1di%C3%B3" title="Kossuth Rádió">Kossuth Rádió</a> (Hungary)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Poland" title="Radio Poland">Radio Polonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polskie_Radio_Program_I" title="Polskie Radio Program I">Program 1 Polskiego Radia</a> (Poland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Radio_Broadcasting_Company" title="Romanian Radio Broadcasting Company">Radio Romania</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Agencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TASS" title="TASS">TASS</a> (USSR) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Telegraph_Agency" title="Belarusian Telegraph Agency">BelTA</a> (Byelorussian SSR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ELTA" title="ELTA">ELTA</a> (Lithuanian SSR)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RIA_Novosti" title="RIA Novosti">APN</a> (USSR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Information_Bureau" title="Soviet Information Bureau">Soviet Information Bureau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allgemeiner_Deutscher_Nachrichtendienst" title="Allgemeiner Deutscher Nachrichtendienst">ADN</a> (GDR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_News_Agency" title="Czech News Agency">Czech News Agency</a> (Czechoslovakia)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cold_War" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cold_War" title="Template:Cold War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cold_War" title="Template talk:Cold War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cold_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cold War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cold_War" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact" title="Warsaw Pact">Warsaw Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ANZUS" title="ANZUS">ANZUS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Treaty_Organization" title="Central Treaty Organization">METO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia_Treaty_Organization" title="Southeast Asia Treaty Organization">SEATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Asia_Treaty_Organization" title="Northeast Asia Treaty Organization">NEATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-American_Treaty_of_Reciprocal_Assistance" title="Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance">Rio Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Non-Aligned Movement">Non-Aligned Movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1940s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Morgenthau_Plan" title="Morgenthau Plan">Morgenthau Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hukbalahap_rebellion" title="Hukbalahap rebellion">Hukbalahap rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_political_conflict" title="Jamaican political conflict">Jamaican political conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dekemvriana" title="Dekemvriana">Dekemvriana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_war_in_the_Baltic_states" title="Guerrilla war in the Baltic states">Guerrilla war in the Baltic states</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Priboi" title="Operation Priboi">Operation <i>Priboi</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Jungle" title="Operation Jungle">Operation <i>Jungle</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Baltic_states" title="Occupation of the Baltic states">Occupation of the Baltic states</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cursed_soldiers" title="Cursed soldiers">Cursed soldiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Unthinkable" title="Operation Unthinkable">Operation <i>Unthinkable</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gouzenko_Affair" title="Gouzenko Affair">Gouzenko Affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Korea" title="Division of Korea">Division of Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Revolution" title="Indonesian National Revolution">Indonesian National Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Vietnam_(1945%E2%80%931946)" title="War in Vietnam (1945–1946)">Operation <i>Masterdom</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Beleaguer" title="Operation Beleaguer">Operation <i>Beleaguer</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Blacklist_Forty" title="Operation Blacklist Forty">Operation <i>Blacklist Forty</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_crisis_of_1946" title="Iran crisis of 1946">Iran crisis of 1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Civil_War" title="Greek Civil War">Greek Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baruch_Plan" title="Baruch Plan">Baruch Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corfu_Channel_incident" title="Corfu Channel incident">Corfu Channel incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Straits_crisis" title="Turkish Straits crisis">Turkish Straits crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restatement_of_Policy_on_Germany" title="Restatement of Policy on Germany">Restatement of Policy on Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Indochina_War" title="First Indochina War">First Indochina War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1947_Polish_parliamentary_election" title="1947 Polish parliamentary election">1947 Polish parliamentary election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truman_Doctrine" title="Truman Doctrine">Truman Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Relations_Conference" title="Asian Relations Conference">Asian Relations Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1947_crises" title="May 1947 crises">May 1947 crises</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">Partition of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_war_of_1947%E2%80%931948" title="Indo-Pakistani war of 1947–1948">Indo-Pakistani war of 1947–1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Palestine_war" title="1948 Palestine war">1947–1949 Palestine war</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1947%E2%80%931948_civil_war_in_Mandatory_Palestine" title="1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine">1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War">1948 Arab–Israeli War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Palestinian_expulsion_and_flight" title="1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight">1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Plan" title="Marshall Plan">Marshall Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comecon" title="Comecon">Comecon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Czechoslovak_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état">1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_Control_Council#Incapacitation_of_the_council" title="Allied Control Council">Incapacitation of the Allied Control Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Wathbah_uprising" title="Al-Wathbah uprising">Al-Wathbah uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tito%E2%80%93Stalin_split" title="Tito–Stalin split">Tito–Stalin split</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Blockade" title="Berlin Blockade">Berlin Blockade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Hyderabad" title="Annexation of Hyderabad">Annexation of Hyderabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madiun_Affair" title="Madiun Affair">Madiun Affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_betrayal" title="Western betrayal">Western betrayal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Curtain" title="Iron Curtain">Iron Curtain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc" title="Eastern Bloc">Eastern Bloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Bloc" title="Western Bloc">Western Bloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Revolution" title="Chinese Communist Revolution">Chinese Communist Revolution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_Emergency" title="Malayan Emergency">Malayan Emergency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1949_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="March 1949 Syrian coup d'état">March 1949 Syrian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Valuable" title="Operation Valuable">Operation Valuable</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1950s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bamboo_curtain" title="Bamboo curtain">Bamboo curtain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McCarthyism" title="McCarthyism">McCarthyism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Cold_War" title="Arab Cold War">Arab Cold War (1952–1979)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Egyptian_revolution" title="1952 Egyptian revolution">1952 Egyptian revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Intifada_(1952)" title="Iraqi Intifada (1952)">Iraqi Intifada (1952)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mau_Mau_rebellion" title="Mau Mau rebellion">Mau Mau rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_German_uprising_of_1953" title="East German uprising of 1953">East German uprising of 1953</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953_Iranian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1953 Iranian coup d'état">1953 Iranian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pact_of_Madrid" title="Pact of Madrid">Pact of Madrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bricker_Amendment" title="Bricker Amendment">Bricker Amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1954 Syrian coup d'état">1954 Syrian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrov_Affair" title="Petrov Affair">Petrov Affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domino_theory" title="Domino theory">Domino theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_Geneva_Conference" title="1954 Geneva Conference">1954 Geneva Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_Guatemalan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1954 Guatemalan coup d'état">1954 Guatemalan coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_the_Tuapse" title="Capture of the Tuapse">Capture of the <i>Tuapse</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Taiwan_Strait_Crisis" title="First Taiwan Strait Crisis">First Taiwan Strait Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jebel_Akhdar_War" title="Jebel Akhdar War">Jebel Akhdar War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_War" title="Algerian War">Algerian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmir_Princess" title="Kashmir Princess">Kashmir Princess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandung_Conference" title="Bandung Conference">Bandung Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva_Summit_(1955)" title="Geneva Summit (1955)">Geneva Summit (1955)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Emergency" title="Cyprus Emergency">Cyprus Emergency</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/On_the_Cult_of_Personality_and_Its_Consequences" title="On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences">On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Pozna%C5%84_protests" title="1956 Poznań protests">1956 Poznań protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1956" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1956">Hungarian Revolution of 1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_October" title="Polish October">Polish October</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suez_Crisis" title="Suez Crisis">Suez Crisis</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/We_will_bury_you" title="We will bury you">We will bury you</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Gladio" title="Operation Gladio">Operation <i>Gladio</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Crisis_of_1957" title="Syrian Crisis of 1957">Syrian Crisis of 1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_crisis" title="Sputnik crisis">Sputnik crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ifni_War" title="Ifni War">Ifni War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14_July_Revolution" title="14 July Revolution">Iraqi 14 July Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958_Lebanon_crisis" title="1958 Lebanon crisis">1958 Lebanon crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Taiwan_Strait_Crisis" title="Second Taiwan Strait Crisis">Second Taiwan Strait Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959_Mosul_uprising" title="1959 Mosul uprising">1959 Mosul uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959_Tibetan_uprising" title="1959 Tibetan uprising">1959 Tibetan uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laotian_Civil_War" title="Laotian Civil War">Laotian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitchen_Debate" title="Kitchen Debate">Kitchen Debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Revolution" title="Cuban Revolution">Cuban Revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consolidation_of_the_Cuban_Revolution" title="Consolidation of the Cuban Revolution">Consolidation of the Cuban Revolution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Soviet_split" title="Sino-Soviet split">Sino-Soviet split</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congo_Crisis" title="Congo Crisis">Congo Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simba_rebellion" title="Simba rebellion">Simba rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_U-2_incident" title="1960 U-2 incident">1960 U-2 incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Pigs_Invasion" title="Bay of Pigs Invasion">Bay of Pigs Invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Turkish_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1960 Turkish coup d'état">1960 Turkish coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian%E2%80%93Soviet_split" title="Albanian–Soviet split">Albanian–Soviet split</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Expulsion_of_Soviets_from_Albania" title="Expulsion of Soviets from Albania">Expulsion of Soviets from Albania</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi%E2%80%93Kurdish_conflict" title="Iraqi–Kurdish conflict">Iraqi–Kurdish conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Iraqi%E2%80%93Kurdish_War" title="First Iraqi–Kurdish War">First Iraqi–Kurdish War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Crisis_of_1961" title="Berlin Crisis of 1961">Berlin Crisis of 1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Wall" title="Berlin Wall">Berlin Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Goa" title="Annexation of Goa">Annexation of Goa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_conflict" title="Papua conflict">Papua conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93Malaysia_confrontation" title="Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation">Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sand_War" title="Sand War">Sand War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Colonial_War" title="Portuguese Colonial War">Portuguese Colonial War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_War_of_Independence" title="Angolan War of Independence">Angolan War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau_War_of_Independence" title="Guinea-Bissau War of Independence">Guinea-Bissau War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambican_War_of_Independence" title="Mozambican War of Independence">Mozambican War of Independence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Missile_Crisis" title="Cuban Missile Crisis">Cuban Missile Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Porte%C3%B1azo" title="El Porteñazo">El Porteñazo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Indian_War" title="Sino-Indian War">Sino-Indian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_insurgency_in_Sarawak" title="Communist insurgency in Sarawak">Communist insurgency in Sarawak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramadan_Revolution" title="Ramadan Revolution">Ramadan Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_War_of_Independence" title="Eritrean War of Independence">Eritrean War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Yemen_Civil_War" title="North Yemen Civil War">North Yemen Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1963 Syrian coup d'état">1963 Syrian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Assassination of John F. Kennedy">Assassination of John F. Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aden_Emergency" title="Aden Emergency">Aden Emergency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_intercommunal_violence#Crisis_of_1963–1964" title="Cypriot intercommunal violence">Cyprus crisis of 1963–1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shifta_War" title="Shifta War">Shifta War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Dirty_War" title="Mexican Dirty War">Mexican Dirty War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tlatelolco_massacre" title="Tlatelolco massacre">Tlatelolco massacre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemalan_Civil_War" title="Guatemalan Civil War">Guatemalan Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_conflict" title="Colombian conflict">Colombian conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Brazilian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1964 Brazilian coup d'état">1964 Brazilian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Civil_War" title="Dominican Civil War">Dominican Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodesian_Bush_War" title="Rhodesian Bush War">Rhodesian Bush War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_mass_killings_of_1965%E2%80%9366" title="Indonesian mass killings of 1965–66">Indonesian mass killings of 1965–1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transition_to_the_New_Order" title="Transition to the New Order">Transition to the New Order (Indonesia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Declaration" title="ASEAN Declaration">ASEAN Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1966 Syrian coup d'état">1966 Syrian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Revolution" title="Cultural Revolution">Cultural Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_Revolution" title="Argentine Revolution">Argentine Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Border_War" title="South African Border War">South African Border War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_DMZ_Conflict" title="Korean DMZ Conflict">Korean DMZ Conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12-3_incident" title="12-3 incident">12-3 incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_junta" title="Greek junta">Greek junta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1967_Hong_Kong_riots" title="1967 Hong Kong riots">1967 Hong Kong riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Years_of_Lead_(Italy)" title="Years of Lead (Italy)">Years of Lead (Italy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_Attrition" title="War of Attrition">War of Attrition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhofar_War" title="Dhofar War">Dhofar War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Wadiah_War" title="Al-Wadiah War">Al-Wadiah War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_Civil_War" title="Nigerian Civil War">Nigerian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protests_of_1968" title="Protests of 1968">Protests of 1968</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_68" title="May 68">May 68</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prague_Spring" title="Prague Spring">Prague Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Pueblo_(AGER-2)#Pueblo_incident" title="USS Pueblo (AGER-2)">USS <i>Pueblo</i> incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Polish_political_crisis" title="1968 Polish political crisis">1968 Polish political crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968%E2%80%931971_East_Pakistan_communist_insurgency" title="1968–1971 East Pakistan communist insurgency">1968–1971 East Pakistan communist insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_insurgency_in_Malaysia_(1968%E2%80%931989)" title="Communist insurgency in Malaysia (1968–1989)">Communist insurgency in Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact_invasion_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia">Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17_July_Revolution" title="17 July Revolution">17 July Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Peruvian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1968 Peruvian coup d'état">1968 Peruvian coup d'état</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Government_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_Peru" title="Revolutionary Government of the Armed Forces of Peru">Revolutionary Government</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_Sudanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1969 Sudanese coup d'état">1969 Sudanese coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_Libyan_revolution" title="1969 Libyan revolution">1969 Libyan revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goulash_Communism" title="Goulash Communism">Goulash Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Soviet_border_conflict" title="Sino-Soviet border conflict">Sino-Soviet border conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_People%27s_Army_rebellion" title="New People's Army rebellion">New People's Army rebellion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9tente" title="Détente">Détente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_the_Non-Proliferation_of_Nuclear_Weapons" title="Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons">Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_September" title="Black September">Black September</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcora_Exercise" title="Alcora Exercise">Alcora Exercise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrective_Movement_(Syria)" title="Corrective Movement (Syria)">Corrective Movement (Syria)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara_conflict" title="Western Sahara conflict">Western Sahara conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_Civil_War" title="Cambodian Civil War">Cambodian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_insurgency_in_Thailand" title="Communist insurgency in Thailand">Communist insurgency in Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_Polish_protests" title="1970 Polish protests">1970 Polish protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koza_riot" title="Koza riot">Koza riot</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Realpolitik" title="Realpolitik">Realpolitik</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ping-pong_diplomacy" title="Ping-pong diplomacy">Ping-pong diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_JVP_insurrection" title="1971 JVP insurrection">1971 JVP insurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrective_revolution_(Egypt)" title="Corrective revolution (Egypt)">Corrective revolution (Egypt)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Turkish_military_memorandum" title="1971 Turkish military memorandum">1971 Turkish military memorandum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Sudanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1971 Sudanese coup d'état">1971 Sudanese coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Power_Agreement_on_Berlin" title="Four Power Agreement on Berlin">Four Power Agreement on Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Liberation_War" title="Bangladesh Liberation War">Bangladesh Liberation War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_visit_by_Richard_Nixon_to_China" title="1972 visit by Richard Nixon to China">1972 visit by Richard Nixon to China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Yemen#Disputes_with_North_Yemen" title="South Yemen">North Yemen-South Yemen Border conflict of 1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Yemenite_War" title="First Yemenite War">First Yemenite War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munich_massacre" title="Munich massacre">Munich massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972%E2%80%931975_Bangladesh_insurgency" title="1972–1975 Bangladesh insurgency">1972–1975 Bangladesh insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_Civil_Wars" title="Eritrean Civil Wars">Eritrean Civil Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Uruguayan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1973 Uruguayan coup d'état">1973 Uruguayan coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Afghan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1973 Afghan coup d'état">1973 Afghan coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Chilean_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1973 Chilean coup d'état">1973 Chilean coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur_War" title="Yom Kippur War">Yom Kippur War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_oil_crisis" title="1973 oil crisis">1973 oil crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnation_Revolution" title="Carnation Revolution">Carnation Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_transition_to_democracy" title="Spanish transition to democracy">Spanish transition to democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metapolitefsi" title="Metapolitefsi">Metapolitefsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_Arms_Limitation_Talks" title="Strategic Arms Limitation Talks">Strategic Arms Limitation Talks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Iraqi%E2%80%93Kurdish_War" title="Second Iraqi–Kurdish War">Second Iraqi–Kurdish War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus" title="Turkish invasion of Cyprus">Turkish invasion of Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15_August_1975_Bangladeshi_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="15 August 1975 Bangladeshi coup d'état">15 August 1975 Bangladeshi coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_November_1975_Bangladeshi_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="3 November 1975 Bangladeshi coup d'état">Siege of Dhaka (1975)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7_November_1975_Bangladeshi_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="7 November 1975 Bangladeshi coup d'état">Sipahi-Janata revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_Civil_War" title="Angolan Civil War">Angolan Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_genocide" title="Cambodian genocide">Cambodian genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1976_protests" title="June 1976 protests">June 1976 protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambican_Civil_War" title="Mozambican Civil War">Mozambican Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oromo_conflict" title="Oromo conflict">Oromo conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogaden_War" title="Ogaden War">Ogaden War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_Somali_coup_attempt" title="1978 Somali coup attempt">1978 Somali coup attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara_War" title="Western Sahara War">Western Sahara War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Civil_War" title="Ethiopian Civil War">Ethiopian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Civil_War" title="Lebanese Civil War">Lebanese Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Albanian_split" title="Sino-Albanian split">Sino-Albanian split</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Indochina_War" title="Third Indochina War">Third Indochina War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian%E2%80%93Vietnamese_War" title="Cambodian–Vietnamese War">Cambodian–Vietnamese War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_conflict_(1979%E2%80%931998)" title="Cambodian conflict (1979–1998)">Cambodian conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Condor" title="Operation Condor">Operation <i>Condor</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirty_War" title="Dirty War">Dirty War (Argentina)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Argentine_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1976 Argentine coup d'état">1976 Argentine coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian%E2%80%93Libyan_War" title="Egyptian–Libyan War">Egyptian–Libyan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Autumn" title="German Autumn">German Autumn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Air_Lines_Flight_902" title="Korean Air Lines Flight 902">Korean Air Lines Flight 902</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_Revolution" title="Nicaraguan Revolution">Nicaraguan Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda%E2%80%93Tanzania_War" title="Uganda–Tanzania War">Uganda–Tanzania War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NDF_Rebellion" title="NDF Rebellion">NDF Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chadian%E2%80%93Libyan_War" title="Chadian–Libyan War">Chadian–Libyan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Yemenite_War" title="Second Yemenite War">Second Yemenite War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Mosque_seizure" title="Grand Mosque seizure">Grand Mosque seizure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_revolution" title="Iranian revolution">Iranian revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saur_Revolution" title="Saur Revolution">Saur Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Vietnamese_War" title="Sino-Vietnamese War">Sino-Vietnamese War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jewel_Movement" title="New Jewel Movement">New Jewel Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_Herat_uprising" title="1979 Herat uprising">1979 Herat uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Days_to_the_River_Rhine" title="Seven Days to the River Rhine">Seven Days to the River Rhine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Struggle_against_political_abuse_of_psychiatry_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Struggle against political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union">Struggle against political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_Civil_War" title="Salvadoran Civil War">Salvadoran Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Afghan_War" title="Soviet–Afghan War">Soviet–Afghan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Summer_Olympics_boycott" title="1980 Summer Olympics boycott">1980</a> and <a href="/wiki/1984_Summer_Olympics_boycott" title="1984 Summer Olympics boycott">1984 Summer Olympics boycotts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gera_Demands" title="Gera Demands">Gera Demands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_Civil_War_of_1980%E2%80%932000" title="Peruvian Civil War of 1980–2000">Peruvian Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk_Agreement" title="Gdańsk Agreement">Gdańsk Agreement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Solidarity_(Polish_trade_union)" title="Solidarity (Polish trade union)">Solidarity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_Civil_Wars" title="Eritrean Civil Wars">Eritrean Civil Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Turkish_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1980 Turkish coup d'état">1980 Turkish coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugandan_Bush_War" title="Ugandan Bush War">Ugandan Bush War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Sidra_incident_(1981)" title="Gulf of Sidra incident (1981)">Gulf of Sidra incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martial_law_in_Poland" title="Martial law in Poland">Martial law in Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casamance_conflict" title="Casamance conflict">Casamance conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falklands_War" title="Falklands War">Falklands War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_Ethiopian%E2%80%93Somali_Border_War" title="1982 Ethiopian–Somali Border War">1982 Ethiopian–Somali Border War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ndogboyosoi_War" title="Ndogboyosoi War">Ndogboyosoi War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_invasion_of_Grenada" title="United States invasion of Grenada">United States invasion of Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Able_Archer_83" title="Able Archer 83">Able Archer 83</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_Defense_Initiative" title="Strategic Defense Initiative">Star Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva_Summit_(1985)" title="Geneva Summit (1985)">1985 Geneva Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War" title="Iran–Iraq War">Iran–Iraq War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_Rebellion" title="Somali Rebellion">Somali Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk_Summit" title="Reykjavík Summit">Reykjavík Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_Black_Sea_incident" title="1986 Black Sea incident">1986 Black Sea incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Yemen_civil_war" title="South Yemen civil war">South Yemen civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyota_War" title="Toyota War">Toyota War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_Lieyu_massacre" title="1987 Lieyu massacre">1987 Lieyu massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Denver" title="Operation Denver">Operation Denver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987%E2%80%931989_JVP_insurrection" title="1987–1989 JVP insurrection">1987–1989 JVP insurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Resistance_Army_insurgency" title="Lord's Resistance Army insurgency">Lord's Resistance Army insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Black_Sea_bumping_incident" title="1988 Black Sea bumping incident">1988 Black Sea bumping incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8888_Uprising" title="8888 Uprising">8888 Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Solidarity" title="History of Solidarity">Solidarity</a> (<a href="/wiki/Soviet_reaction_to_the_Polish_crisis_of_1980%E2%80%931981" title="Soviet reaction to the Polish crisis of 1980–1981">Soviet reaction</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contras" title="Contras">Contras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_American_crisis" title="Central American crisis">Central American crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_RYAN" title="Operation RYAN">Operation RYAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Air_Lines_Flight_007" title="Korean Air Lines Flight 007">Korean Air Lines Flight 007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_Power_Revolution" title="People Power Revolution">People Power Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasnost" title="Glasnost">Glasnost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perestroika" title="Perestroika">Perestroika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bougainville_conflict" title="Bougainville conflict">Bougainville conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="First Nagorno-Karabakh War">First Nagorno-Karabakh War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Civil_War_(1989%E2%80%931992)" title="Afghan Civil War (1989–1992)">Afghan Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_invasion_of_Panama" title="United States invasion of Panama">United States invasion of Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Polish_strikes" title="1988 Polish strikes">1988 Polish strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Round_Table_Agreement" title="Polish Round Table Agreement">Polish Round Table Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_Tiananmen_Square_protests_and_massacre" title="1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre">1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1989" title="Revolutions of 1989">Revolutions of 1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Berlin_Wall" title="Fall of the Berlin Wall">Fall of the Berlin Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_inner_German_border" title="Fall of the inner German border">Fall of the inner German border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velvet_Revolution" title="Velvet Revolution">Velvet Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_revolution" title="Romanian revolution">Romanian Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peaceful_Revolution" title="Peaceful Revolution">Peaceful Revolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Revolution_of_1990" title="Mongolian Revolution of 1990">Mongolian Revolution of 1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Min_Ping_Yu_No._5540_incident" title="Min Ping Yu No. 5540 incident">Min Ping Yu No. 5540 incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Min_Ping_Yu_No._5202" title="Min Ping Yu No. 5202">Min Ping Yu No. 5202</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_reunification" title="German reunification">German reunification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_unification" title="Yemeni unification">Yemeni unification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_communism_in_Albania" title="Fall of communism in Albania">Fall of communism in Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Breakup of Yugoslavia">Breakup of Yugoslavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">Dissolution of the Soviet Union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1991_Soviet_coup_attempt" title="1991 Soviet coup attempt">1991 August Coup</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Dissolution of Czechoslovakia">Dissolution of Czechoslovakia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Frozen_conflict" title="Frozen conflict">Frozen conflicts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazia_conflict" title="Abkhazia conflict">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Taiwan" title="Political status of Taiwan">China-Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Korea" title="Division of Korea">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Kosovo" title="Political status of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian%E2%80%93Ossetian_conflict" title="Georgian–Ossetian conflict">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transnistria_War" title="Transnistria War">Transnistria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Indian_border_dispute" title="Sino-Indian border dispute">Sino-Indian border dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Borneo_dispute" title="North Borneo dispute">North Borneo dispute</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Foreign policy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Truman_Doctrine" title="Truman Doctrine">Truman Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Containment" title="Containment">Containment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Doctrine" title="Eisenhower Doctrine">Eisenhower Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domino_theory" title="Domino theory">Domino theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hallstein_Doctrine" title="Hallstein Doctrine">Hallstein Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Doctrine" title="Kennedy Doctrine">Kennedy Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peaceful_coexistence" title="Peaceful coexistence">Peaceful coexistence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostpolitik" title="Ostpolitik">Ostpolitik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnson_Doctrine" title="Johnson Doctrine">Johnson Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brezhnev_Doctrine" title="Brezhnev Doctrine">Brezhnev Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nixon_Doctrine" title="Nixon Doctrine">Nixon Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulbricht_Doctrine" title="Ulbricht Doctrine">Ulbricht Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carter_Doctrine" title="Carter Doctrine">Carter Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reagan_Doctrine" title="Reagan Doctrine">Reagan Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rollback" title="Rollback">Rollback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinmen_Agreement" title="Kinmen Agreement">Kinmen Agreement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Ideologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">Capitalism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">Liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_school_of_economics" title="Chicago school of economics">Chicago school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">Conservatism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Conservatism in the United States">American conservatism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keynesian_economics" title="Keynesian economics">Keynesianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">Libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monetarism" title="Monetarism">Monetarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_economics" title="Neoclassical economics">Neoclassical economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reaganomics" title="Reaganomics">Reaganomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supply-side_economics" title="Supply-side economics">Supply-side economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_capitalism" title="Democratic capitalism">Democratic capitalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism" title="Marxism–Leninism">Marxism–Leninism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Fidel_Castro" title="Politics of Fidel Castro">Castroism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurocommunism" title="Eurocommunism">Eurocommunism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guevarism" title="Guevarism">Guevarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoxhaism" title="Hoxhaism">Hoxhaism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Juche" title="Juche">Juche</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_Thought" title="Ho Chi Minh Thought">Ho Chi Minh Thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maoism" title="Maoism">Maoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trotskyism" title="Trotskyism">Trotskyism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stalinism" title="Stalinism">Stalinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titoism" title="Titoism">Titoism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imperialism" title="Imperialism">Imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-imperialism" title="Anti-imperialism">Anti-imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultranationalism" title="Ultranationalism">Ultranationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chauvinism" title="Chauvinism">Chauvinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_nationalism" title="Ethnic nationalism">Ethnic nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Zionism" title="Anti-Zionism">Anti-Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">Fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazism" title="Neo-Nazism">Neo-Nazism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totalitarianism" title="Totalitarianism">Totalitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authoritarianism" title="Authoritarianism">Authoritarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autocracy" title="Autocracy">Autocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_democracy" title="Liberal democracy">Liberal democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illiberal_democracy" title="Illiberal democracy">Illiberal democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guided_democracy" title="Guided democracy">Guided democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third-worldism" title="Third-worldism">Third-worldism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_supremacy" title="White supremacy">White supremacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_nationalism" title="White nationalism">White nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_supremacy#White_separatism" title="White supremacy">White separatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">Apartheid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia_Treaty_Organization" title="Southeast Asia Treaty Organization">SEATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Treaty_Organization" title="Central Treaty Organization">METO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Community" title="European Economic Community">EEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact" title="Warsaw Pact">Warsaw Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comecon" title="Comecon">Comecon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Non-Aligned Movement">Non-Aligned Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutral_and_Non-Aligned_European_States" title="Neutral and Non-Aligned European States">NN States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN" title="ASEAN">ASEAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Association_for_Regional_Cooperation" title="South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation">SAARC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safari_Club" title="Safari Club">Safari Club</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Propaganda</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Pro-communist</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active_measures" title="Active measures">Active measures</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Izvestia" title="Izvestia">Izvestia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neues_Deutschland" title="Neues Deutschland">Neues Deutschland</a></i></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pravda</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Moscow" title="Radio Moscow">Radio Moscow</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rud%C3%A9_pr%C3%A1vo" title="Rudé právo">Rudé právo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trybuna_Ludu" title="Trybuna Ludu">Trybuna Ludu</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TASS" title="TASS">TASS</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Russian_Life" title="Russian Life">Soviet Life</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Pro-Western</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Amerika_(magazine)" title="Amerika (magazine)">Amerika</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusade_for_Freedom" title="Crusade for Freedom">Crusade for Freedom</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Paix_et_Libert%C3%A9" title="Paix et Liberté">Paix et Liberté</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Free_Europe/Radio_Liberty" title="Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty">Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Red_Scare" title="Red Scare">Red Scare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_of_America" title="Voice of America">Voice of America</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Technological<br />competition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arms_race" title="Arms race">Arms race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_arms_race" title="Nuclear arms race">Nuclear arms race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Race" title="Space Race">Space Race</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Historians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gar_Alperovitz" title="Gar Alperovitz">Gar Alperovitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Bailey" title="Thomas A. Bailey">Thomas A. Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Beschloss" title="Michael Beschloss">Michael Beschloss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archie_Brown_(historian)" title="Archie Brown (historian)">Archie Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_H._Carroll" title="Warren H. Carroll">Warren H. Carroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrian_Cioroianu" title="Adrian Cioroianu">Adrian Cioroianu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Costello_(historian)" title="John Costello (historian)">John Costello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Cox_(academic)" title="Michael Cox (academic)">Michael Cox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_J._Cull" title="Nicholas J. Cull">Nicholas J. Cull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Davies" title="Norman Davies">Norman Davies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willem_Drees" title="Willem Drees">Willem Drees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_D._English" title="Robert D. English">Robert D. English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Feis" title="Herbert Feis">Herbert Feis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hugh_Ferrell" title="Robert Hugh Ferrell">Robert Hugh Ferrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Fontaine" title="André Fontaine">André Fontaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anneli_Ute_Gabanyi" title="Anneli Ute Gabanyi">Anneli Ute Gabanyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lewis_Gaddis" title="John Lewis Gaddis">John Lewis Gaddis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Gardner" title="Lloyd Gardner">Lloyd Gardner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Garton_Ash" title="Timothy Garton Ash">Timothy Garton Ash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Gorodetsky" title="Gabriel Gorodetsky">Gabriel Gorodetsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Halliday" title="Fred Halliday">Fred Halliday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jussi_Hanhim%C3%A4ki" title="Jussi Hanhimäki">Jussi Hanhimäki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Earl_Haynes" title="John Earl Haynes">John Earl Haynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_J._Hearden" title="Patrick J. Hearden">Patrick J. Hearden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tvrtko_Jakovina" title="Tvrtko Jakovina">Tvrtko Jakovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Judt" title="Tony Judt">Tony Judt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Klehr" title="Harvey Klehr">Harvey Klehr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Kolko" title="Gabriel Kolko">Gabriel Kolko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_LaFeber" title="Walter LaFeber">Walter LaFeber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Laqueur" title="Walter Laqueur">Walter Laqueur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melvyn_P._Leffler" title="Melvyn P. Leffler">Melvyn P. Leffler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geir_Lundestad" title="Geir Lundestad">Geir Lundestad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vojtech_Mastny_(historian)" title="Vojtech Mastny (historian)">Vojtech Mastny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_F._Matlock_Jr." title="Jack F. Matlock Jr.">Jack F. Matlock Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._McCormick" title="Thomas J. McCormick">Thomas J. McCormick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Naftali" title="Timothy Naftali">Timothy Naftali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marius_Oprea" title="Marius Oprea">Marius Oprea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_S._Painter" title="David S. Painter">David S. Painter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_B._Pickett" title="William B. Pickett">William B. Pickett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_E._Powaski" title="Ronald E. Powaski">Ronald E. Powaski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakov_M._Rabkin" title="Yakov M. Rabkin">Yakov M. Rabkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._E._Sarotte" title="M. E. Sarotte">M. E. Sarotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_M._Schlesinger_Jr." title="Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.">Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Schrecker" title="Ellen Schrecker">Ellen Schrecker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giles_Scott-Smith" title="Giles Scott-Smith">Giles Scott-Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shen_Zhihua" title="Shen Zhihua">Shen Zhihua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Snyder" title="Timothy Snyder">Timothy Snyder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athan_Theoharis" title="Athan Theoharis">Athan Theoharis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Thorpe" title="Andrew Thorpe">Andrew Thorpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Tism%C4%83neanu" title="Vladimir Tismăneanu">Vladimir Tismăneanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Vaughan" title="Patrick Vaughan">Patrick Vaughan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_von_Tunzelmann" title="Alex von Tunzelmann">Alex von Tunzelmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odd_Arne_Westad" title="Odd Arne Westad">Odd Arne Westad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Appleman_Williams" title="William Appleman Williams">William Appleman Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Reed_Winkler" title="Jonathan Reed Winkler">Jonathan Reed Winkler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolph_Winnacker" title="Rudolph Winnacker">Rudolph Winnacker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Young" title="Ken Young">Ken Young</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Espionage and<br />intelligence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Eastern_Bloc_agents_in_the_United_States" title="List of Eastern Bloc agents in the United States">List of Eastern Bloc agents in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_espionage_in_the_United_States" title="Soviet espionage in the United States">Soviet espionage in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_espionage_in_the_United_States" title="Russian espionage in the United States">Russian espionage in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_espionage_in_the_Soviet_Union_and_Russian_Federation" title="American espionage in the Soviet Union and Russian Federation">American espionage in the Soviet Union and Russian Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIA_and_the_Cultural_Cold_War" title="CIA and the Cultural Cold War">CIA and the Cultural Cold War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">CIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MI5" title="MI5">MI5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MI6" title="MI6">MI6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_involvement_in_regime_change" title="United States involvement in regime change">United States involvement in regime change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_involvement_in_regime_change" title="Soviet involvement in regime change">Soviet involvement in regime change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Internal_Affairs_(Soviet_Union)" title="Ministry of Internal Affairs (Soviet Union)">MVD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KGB" title="KGB">KGB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stasi" title="Stasi">Stasi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allied_intervention_in_the_Russian_Civil_War" title="Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War">Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Soviet Union–United States relations">Soviet Union–United States relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Soviet_Union%E2%80%93United_States_summits" title="List of Soviet Union–United States summits">Soviet Union–United States summits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Russia–NATO relations">Russia–NATO relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">War on terror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brinkmanship#Cold_War" title="Brinkmanship">Brinkmanship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Cold_War" title="Second Cold War">Second Cold War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Revolution" title="Russian Revolution">Russian Revolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cold_War" title="Category:Cold War">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_related_to_the_Cold_War" title="List of conflicts related to the Cold War">List of conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Cold_War" title="Timeline of the Cold War">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/42px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Soviet_Union" title="Portal:Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Newspaper_nicu_buculei_01.svg/19px-Newspaper_nicu_buculei_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Newspaper_nicu_buculei_01.svg/29px-Newspaper_nicu_buculei_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Newspaper_nicu_buculei_01.svg/38px-Newspaper_nicu_buculei_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Journalism" title="Portal:Journalism">Journalism</a></li></ul></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pravda&oldid=1253276084">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pravda&oldid=1253276084</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pravda" title="Category:Pravda">Pravda</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1908_establishments_in_the_Russian_Empire" title="Category:1908 establishments in the Russian Empire">1908 establishments in the Russian Empire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Propaganda_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Category:Propaganda in the Soviet Union">Propaganda in the Soviet Union</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Communist_Party_of_the_Russian_Federation" title="Category:Communist Party of the Russian Federation">Communist Party of the Russian Federation</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Eastern_Bloc_mass_media" title="Category:Eastern Bloc mass media">Eastern Bloc mass media</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Newspapers_established_in_1908" title="Category:Newspapers established in 1908">Newspapers established in 1908</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Propaganda_newspapers_and_magazines" title="Category:Propaganda newspapers and magazines">Propaganda newspapers and magazines</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_Phonos_extension" title="Category:Pages using the Phonos extension">Pages using the Phonos extension</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Russian-language_sources_(ru)" title="Category:CS1 Russian-language sources (ru)">CS1 Russian-language sources (ru)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_May_2018" title="Category:Use dmy dates from May 2018">Use dmy dates from May 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_British_English_from_January_2018" title="Category:Use British English from January 2018">Use British English from January 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Russian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Russian-language text">Articles containing Russian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_Russian_IPA" title="Category:Pages with Russian IPA">Pages with Russian IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_including_recorded_pronunciations" title="Category:Pages including recorded pronunciations">Pages including recorded pronunciations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_April_2024" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from April 2024">Articles with unsourced statements from April 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_vague_or_ambiguous_time" title="Category:All articles with vague or ambiguous time">All articles with vague or ambiguous time</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Vague_or_ambiguous_time_from_October_2012" title="Category:Vague or ambiguous time from October 2012">Vague or ambiguous time from October 2012</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 25 October 2024, at 04:55<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pravda&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5857dfdcd6-28hnx","wgBackendResponseTime":176,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.912","walltime":"1.183","ppvisitednodes":{"value":4957,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":358837,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":9056,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":20,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":18,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":117346,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 899.398 1 -total"," 28.66% 257.798 1 Template:Infobox_newspaper"," 28.21% 253.711 1 Template:Infobox"," 20.51% 184.502 1 Template:Reflist"," 12.46% 112.091 11 Template:Navbox"," 10.88% 97.844 1 Template:Noitalic"," 10.55% 94.891 1 Template:Nobold"," 10.35% 93.123 2 Template:Lang"," 10.16% 91.414 1 Template:Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union"," 8.94% 80.365 1 Template:Short_description"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.509","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":16054678,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-5857dfdcd6-p25mp","timestamp":"20241203073554","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Pravda","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pravda","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q183644","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q183644","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-11-27T08:21:36Z","dateModified":"2024-10-25T04:55:11Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/3\/39\/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%C2%AB%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B0%C2%BB._1912%2C_%E2%84%9601.pdf","headline":"Soviet and Russian newspaper"}</script> </body> </html>