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'That was the greatest day of all our lives': The migrants who passed through Ellis Island
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In 2014, she told the BBC about arriving in the US from the Soviet Union in 1930."/><meta name="twitter:description" content="Isabel Belarsky was one of the millions of migrants who passed through Ellis Island in New York. In 2014, she told the BBC about arriving in the US from the Soviet Union in 1930."/><meta property="og:image" content="https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/624x351/p0k39kzd.jpg"/><meta name="twitter:image:src" content="https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/624x351/p0k39kzd.jpg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/><meta property="og:image:alt" content="Ellis Island, 1880 (Credit: Getty Images)"/><meta name="twitter:image:alt" content="Ellis Island, 1880 (Credit: Getty Images)"/><meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#da532c"/><meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"/><meta name="robots" content="NOODP, NOYDIR"/><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/bbcx/apple-touch-icon.png"/><link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="/bbcx/favicon-32x32.png"/><link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="/bbcx/favicon-16x16.png"/><link rel="alternate icon" href="/bbcx/favicon.ico"/><link rel="manifest" href="/bbcx/site.webmanifest"/><link rel="mask-icon" href="/bbcx/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#000000"/><link rel="canonical" href="https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20241108-the-migrants-who-passed-through-ellis-island"/><meta name="version" content="2.11.0+34"/><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"'That was the greatest day of all our lives': The migrants who passed through Ellis Island","description":"Isabel Belarsky was one of the millions of migrants who passed through Ellis Island in New York. 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lives': The migrants who passed through Ellis Island<!-- --></h1></div><div data-component="byline-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><!--$!--><!--/$--></div><figure><div data-component="image-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 EXUng"><div data-testid="hero-image" class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 50vw, (min-width: 1008px) 66vw, 96vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160xn/p0k39kzd.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240xn/p0k39kzd.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320xn/p0k39kzd.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p0k39kzd.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640xn/p0k39kzd.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800xn/p0k39kzd.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024xn/p0k39kzd.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376xn/p0k39kzd.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920xn/p0k39kzd.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p0k39kzd.jpg.webp" alt="Getty Images Ellis Island, 1880 (Credit: Getty Images)" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/><span class="sc-a34861b-2 fxQYxK">Getty Images</span></div></div></figure><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe"><b id="isabel-belarsky-was-one-of-the-millions-of-people-who-were-processed-on-ellis-island-before-its-immigration-facility-closed-in-1954.-in-2014,-she-told-the-bbc-about-reaching-the-gateway-to-the-us-from-the-soviet-union-in-1930." class="sc-7dcfb11b-0 kVRnKf">Isabel Belarsky was one of the millions of people who were processed on Ellis Island before its immigration facility closed in 1954. In 2014, she told the BBC about reaching the gateway to the US from the Soviet Union in 1930.<!-- --></b></p></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">On 12 November 1954, a Norwegian seaman Arne Petterson was questioned by immigration officials after overstaying his US shore leave. He risked being deported, but instead he was granted parole, and as he stepped on board a ferry in New York Harbor, he was snapped by a photographer. He was the last person to be processed on Ellis Island.<!-- --></p></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">The same day, the island that had been millions of migrants' first glimpse of the US <!-- --><a target="_self" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/november/12/newsid_3963000/3963251.stm" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">closed its immigration facilities<!-- --></a> for good. By the time Petterson left, Ellis Island was mostly being used as a detention centre for illegal entrants and suspected communists, but for more than 60 years for many people it was a stepping stone to a whole new life.<!-- --></p></div><div data-component="video-block" data-testid="fabl-video-container" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 jFCfG"><!--$!--><!--/$--></div><div data-component="caption-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 bdPeAJ"><figcaption class="sc-8353772e-0 cvNhQw">WATCH: 'It was interesting but frightening too because we couldn't speak English'<!-- --></figcaption></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">Situated at the mouth of the Hudson River between New York and New Jersey, the island had been selected by President Benjamin Harrison as the site of a central immigration facility in 1890 when it became clear that the one in Manhattan was unable to cope with the influx of new arrivals. In the decades before Ellis Island opened, the patterns of immigration to the US had shifted. From the 1880s there was a sudden rise in people coming from southern and eastern Europe. Many of them were trying to escape poverty, political oppression or religious persecution in their home countries. But as President John F Kennedy wrote in his 1958 book A Nation of Immigrants, "There are probably as many reasons for coming to America as there were people who came."<!-- --></p></div><div data-component="ad-slot" data-testid="ad-unit" class="sc-d2ebd0a7-0 iayHyW"><div data-testid="dotcom-mid_1" id="dotcom-mid_1" class="dotcom-ad"></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe"> <!-- --></p></div><div data-component="quote-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><div class="sc-9967660-0 WkJHg"><div class="sc-9967660-1 dBFvZy"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="1em" height="1em" category="personalisation" icon="quote" class="sc-1097f7fe-0 jmthjj"><path d="M9.83967 17.2131C9.205 17.2131 8.62967 17.3124 8.07567 17.5058C8.63767 13.3384 10.9143 10.0091 14.7517 6.88708H10.0903C6.281 10.2704 4.00033 14.6318 4.00033 20.0451C4.00033 24.4311 6.35567 26.9371 9.78967 26.9371C13.0223 26.9371 14.9023 24.5564 14.9023 21.9751C14.9023 19.2184 12.7217 17.2131 9.83967 17.2131Z"></path><path d="M22.2957 17.2131C21.6611 17.2131 21.0864 17.3124 20.5317 17.5058C21.0931 13.3384 23.3704 10.0091 27.2077 6.88708H22.5464C18.7371 10.2704 16.4811 14.6318 16.4811 20.0451C16.4811 24.4311 18.8117 26.9371 22.2457 26.9371C25.4784 26.9371 27.3584 24.5564 27.3584 21.9751C27.3584 19.2184 25.1777 17.2131 22.2957 17.2131Z"></path></svg></div><span class="sc-9967660-2 bBAxiJ">Many of the people who would help shape the identity of US were processed at the island as children</span></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">In preparation, the island was enlarged, partly by using landfill hollowed out from New York's first subway tunnels, and a new dock and three-storey timber building were constructed. This building would need to be rebuilt just five years later when a fire burnt it to the ground, destroying all passenger records dating back to 1855.<!-- --></p></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">On 1 January 1892, Ellis Island opened to receive immigrants. <!-- --><a target="_self" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zkng87h/revision/4" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">At its peak<!-- --></a>, during the early years of the 20th Century, thousands of people passed through its gates each day. <!-- --><a target="_self" href="https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20240719-angel-island-the-little-known-ellis-island-of-the-west-us" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">Angel Island<!-- --></a> in San Francisco Bay had the same role on the west coast from 1910 to 1940. But according to the National Park Service, some 40% of Americans living today are descended from immigrants who came through Ellis Island. Many of the people who would help shape the identity of the US in the 20th Century, from film director <!-- --><a target="_blank" href="https://www.nps.gov/elis/learn/historyculture/notable-immigrants-a-f.htm#CP_JUMP_4004026" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">Frank Capra<!-- --></a> (born in Italy) and science fiction writer <!-- --><a target="_blank" href="https://www.nps.gov/elis/learn/historyculture/notable-immigrants-a-f.htm#CP_JUMP_4006218" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">Isaac Asimov<!-- --></a> (born in Russia) to actress <!-- --><a target="_blank" href="https://www.nps.gov/elis/learn/historyculture/notable-immigrants-a-f.htm#CP_JUMP_4006218" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">Claudette Colbert<!-- --></a> (born in France) and cosmetician <!-- --><a target="_blank" href="https://www.nps.gov/elis/learn/historyculture/notable-immigrants-a-f.htm#CP_JUMP_4009432" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">Max Factor<!-- --></a> (born in Poland), were processed at the island as children.<!-- --></p></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe"><a target="_self" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/magazine-30098411" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">Isabel Belarsky<!-- --></a> was one such child. In 1930 she made the arduous sea voyage to the US with her family from what was then the Soviet Union. "Oh boy, that was some journey. It was cold, we had nothing to wear. Everybody was freezing. Finally, we came through Ellis Island," she told the BBC in 2014.<!-- --></p></div><div data-component="ad-slot" data-testid="ad-unit" class="sc-d2ebd0a7-0 iayHyW"><div data-testid="dotcom-mid_2" id="dotcom-mid_2" class="dotcom-ad"></div></div><div data-component="subheadline-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 eeiVGB"><h2 class="sc-518485e5-0 kRvAla"><span id="so-near-and-yet-so-far" class="sc-7dcfb11b-0 kPypaC"><b id="so-near-and-yet-so-far" class="sc-7dcfb11b-0 kVRnKf">So near and yet so far<!-- --></b></span></h2></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">The steamships on which immigrants such as the Belarskys journeyed were divided by money and class, with the majority of people being third class passengers crowded together, in often unsanitary conditions in steerage. Before a ship could enter New York Harbor, it first had to stop at a quarantine checkpoint off Staten Island. There doctors boarded the vessel looking for signs of sickness, such as smallpox and cholera. People with contagious diseases were banned from entering the US, as were polygamists, anarchists and convicted criminals, among others. The first restrictions on immigration had begun to be enacted by Congress in the 1870s. Many of these had an explicit racial prejudice, with laws that <!-- --><a target="_blank" href="https://blogs.loc.gov/law/2022/05/the-chinese-exclusion-act-part-1-the-history/" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">first targeted Chinese migrants<!-- --></a> and later excluded immigration from most Asian countries.<!-- --></p></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">If the ship passed its health inspection, the first and second-class passengers would be interviewed and processed onboard. During Ellis Island's first few decades, immigrants to the US did not require passports, visas or any official government paperwork at all. Passports existed, but they were only universally adopted in 1920. Instead, when passengers first boarded a ship, they gave spoken answers to questions which were recorded in its manifest. These were then checked by US officials and, provided those wealthier passengers were sickness-free and had no legal issues, they were allowed to enter the US, bypassing Ellis Island entirely.<!-- --></p></div><div data-component="callout-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 eLrdPC"><section class="sc-e11d1f0-0 eVThlc"><div class="sc-e11d1f0-1 kDQByp"><p class="sc-e11d1f0-3 enuiUn">In History</p><div class="sc-e11d1f0-2 ewSByo"><div class="sc-e11d1f0-4 fzKnud"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">In History is a series which uses the BBC's unique audio and video archive to explore historical events that still resonate today. <!-- --><a target="_self" href="https://cloud.email.bbc.com/InHistory_Newsletter_Signup?&at_bbc_team=studios&at_medium=Onsite&at_objective=acquisition&at_ptr_name=bbc.com&at_link_origin=historycontent&at_campaign=inhistory&at_campaign_type=owned" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">Subscribe to the accompanying weekly newsletter.<!-- --></a></p></div></div></div></section></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">Everyone else was tagged with the ship's name and the page number where they appeared on the manifest. They were then put on a ferry to Ellis Island where their future would be decided. When they arrived at the island and entered the main building, women and children were separated into one line and men into the other. Then they climbed the steep winding staircase to the registry room on the second floor, carefully watched by doctors who were looking out for signs of wheezing, coughing or limping that suggested health problems.<!-- --></p></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">When they reached the registry room, they faced a brief medical examination. This was a nerve-racking experience. Immigrant children were asked their names so the doctors could check that they were not deaf or dumb. Toddlers who were being carried were made to walk to prove that they could. "It was interesting but a little frightening, too, because we couldn't speak English," Belarsky told the BBC.<!-- --></p></div><div data-component="ad-slot" data-testid="ad-unit" class="sc-d2ebd0a7-0 iayHyW"><div data-testid="dotcom-mid_3" id="dotcom-mid_3" class="dotcom-ad"></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">If the doctor suspected a health issue they would mark letters on that person's clothes in chalk: H for heart problems, X for mental illness, CT for trachoma – a highly contagious and much feared eye infection that can lead to blindness. The test for this was particularly uncomfortable: doctors would turn a person's eyelid inside out using their fingers or a buttonhook, an implement used for fastening small buttons. If a person got a chalk mark, they would be removed from the line and confined in what was called the "doctor's pen" for a more thorough examination.<!-- --></p></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">If they then failed a medical inspection they would be detained or outright refused entry and sent back to where they had travelled from. In some cases, this could mean a family being broken up. Official statistics record that only around 2% were refused entry to the US, but that still means that nearly 125,000 people, who had endured the long and difficult journey to get there, were sent home within sight of Manhattan. <!-- --></p></div><div data-component="quote-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><div class="sc-9967660-0 WkJHg"><div class="sc-9967660-1 dBFvZy"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="1em" height="1em" category="personalisation" icon="quote" class="sc-1097f7fe-0 jmthjj"><path d="M9.83967 17.2131C9.205 17.2131 8.62967 17.3124 8.07567 17.5058C8.63767 13.3384 10.9143 10.0091 14.7517 6.88708H10.0903C6.281 10.2704 4.00033 14.6318 4.00033 20.0451C4.00033 24.4311 6.35567 26.9371 9.78967 26.9371C13.0223 26.9371 14.9023 24.5564 14.9023 21.9751C14.9023 19.2184 12.7217 17.2131 9.83967 17.2131Z"></path><path d="M22.2957 17.2131C21.6611 17.2131 21.0864 17.3124 20.5317 17.5058C21.0931 13.3384 23.3704 10.0091 27.2077 6.88708H22.5464C18.7371 10.2704 16.4811 14.6318 16.4811 20.0451C16.4811 24.4311 18.8117 26.9371 22.2457 26.9371C25.4784 26.9371 27.3584 24.5564 27.3584 21.9751C27.3584 19.2184 25.1777 17.2131 22.2957 17.2131Z"></path></svg></div><span class="sc-9967660-2 bBAxiJ">Women travelling alone or with children were often viewed as potential burdens to the state</span></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">Those who passed the medical exam proceeded to a legal screening. Inspectors would check their tags and quiz them, often with the help of an interpreter, about everything from their eye colour and who paid for their passage to whether they were literate and whether they had ever been held in a mental health institution. Most people were processed quickly and went through Ellis Island within a few hours. But if a migrant's answers didn't match the ones on the ship's manifest, or if the inspectors were suspicious about them for some reason, their name was marked with an X and they were detained.<!-- --></p></div><div data-component="subheadline-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 eeiVGB"><h2 class="sc-518485e5-0 kRvAla"><span id="the-american-dream" class="sc-7dcfb11b-0 kPypaC"><b id="the-american-dream" class="sc-7dcfb11b-0 kVRnKf">The American dream<!-- --></b></span></h2></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">Around 20% of immigrants who arrived at Ellis Island ended up being temporarily detained there. This could happen for a variety of reasons. Women travelling alone or with children were often viewed as potential burdens to the state. Officials would frequently class them as Liable to Become a Public Charge (LPCs), detaining them until a male family member – because no women were allowed to leave Ellis Island with a man not related to them – could turn up and vouch for them. Unmarried women who were pregnant could be judged by inspectors as "immoral" and held. Stowaways who weren't on the manifest, migrant labourers suspected of being brought into the US to break union strikes, and anyone officials deemed to be politically suspect could be detained or refused entry.<!-- --></p></div><div data-component="ad-slot" data-testid="ad-unit" class="sc-d2ebd0a7-0 iayHyW"><div data-testid="dotcom-mid_4" id="dotcom-mid_4" class="dotcom-ad"></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">Although Isabel Belarsky's father, Sidor, was a renowned opera singer who had been invited to come to the US, her family was still automatically detained at Ellis Island. This was because at the time the US did not maintain diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union. Detainees would sleep in triple-tiered bunk beds in dormitory rooms on the building's third floor, receiving three meals a day until their cases could be resolved. Sometimes this could mean an overnight stay, sometimes it could be weeks or months. "They gave us 10 minutes every so often to go outside. When we went out they counted us," said Belarsky. "And when we came back, they counted again. When we sat down, when we ate, they also counted."<!-- --></p></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">If arrivals had been detained because they were ill, and they hadn't been refused entry, they would be held in hospital wards on the island. While most recovered, more than 3,500 immigrants died on Ellis Island in sight of New York and their dream of a better life. Some 350 babies were also born on the island, although this was no guarantee of citizenship for the child.<!-- --></p></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe"><b id="more-like-this:" class="sc-7dcfb11b-0 kVRnKf">More like this:<!-- --></b></p><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">• <!-- --><a target="_self" href="https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20240607-it-was-the-cleverest-escape-in-the-prisons-30-years-the-men-who-broke-out-of-alcatraz-with-a-spoon" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">The men who broke out of Alcatraz with a spoon<!-- --></a></p><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe"><a target="_blank" href="" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB"></a>• <!-- --><a target="_self" href="https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20240412-in-history-the-man-who-survived-the-titanic-sinking" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">Remembering the moment the Titanic sank<!-- --></a></p><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe"><a target="_blank" href="" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB"></a>• <!-- --><a target="_self" href="https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20240829-the-life-changing-day-world-war-two-began" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">Britain on the brink of World War Two<!-- --></a></p></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">Once an immigrant's health or legal issues were successfully concluded, they were registered and free to enter the US and start their new lives. Belarsky said: "For me it was very exciting when I was a youngster. And finally, somebody got us the papers to leave Ellis Island. It was a beautiful sight. Beautiful. That was the greatest day of all our lives." <!-- --></p></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">By the time the Belarsky family came through in 1930, the era of mass immigration to the US had already come to an end. Following World War One, the US Congress enacted sweeping laws based on race and nationality which restricted who could come into the country. The Quota Act of 1921 and the Immigration Act of 1924 were designed to cap annual <!-- --><a target="_self" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z7spn9q/revision/2" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">immigration<!-- --></a>, imposing strict quotas that favoured people from northern and western European countries. <!-- --></p></div><div data-component="ad-slot" data-testid="ad-unit" class="sc-d2ebd0a7-0 iayHyW"><div data-testid="dotcom-mid_5" id="dotcom-mid_5" class="dotcom-ad"></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">As immigration decreased, Ellis Island's role began to change. During World War Two, some 7,000 German, Italian and Japanese nationals suspected of being enemy aliens were interred there. Later, US soldiers returning from the war were treated in its hospital. In the late 1940s, as the Cold War developed, suspected communists who were swept up in the paranoia of Senator Joseph McCarthy's Red Scare were incarcerated there while the US government reviewed the often secret evidence against them. But by the 1950s, the use of air travel and modern entry procedures at airports made Ellis Island increasingly obsolete. In 1954, after 62 years of operation, it finally closed down, but it is open again today as a museum that highlights the rich history of new arrivals to the US. <!-- --></p></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">--<!-- --></p></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe"><i id="for-more-stories-and-never-before-published-radio-scripts-to-your-inbox,-sign-up-to-the" class="sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog">For more stories and never-before-published radio scripts to your inbox, sign up to the <!-- --></i><a target="_self" href="https://cloud.email.bbc.com/InHistory_Newsletter_Signup?&at_bbc_team=studios&at_medium=Onsite&at_objective=acquisition&at_ptr_name=bbc.com&at_link_origin=historycontent&at_campaign=inhistory&at_campaign_type=owned" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB"><b id="in-history-newsletter" class="sc-7dcfb11b-0 kVRnKf"><i id="in-history-newsletter" class="sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog">In History newsletter<!-- --></i></b></a><i id=",-while" class="sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog">, while <!-- --></i><a target="_self" href="https://cloud.email.bbc.com/SignUp10_08?&at_bbc_team=studios&at_medium=Onsite&at_objective=acquisition&at_ptr_name=bbc.com&at_link_origin=featuresarticle&at_campaign=essentiallist&at_campaign_type=owned" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB"><b id="the-essential-list" class="sc-7dcfb11b-0 kVRnKf"><i id="the-essential-list" class="sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog">The Essential List<!-- --></i></b></a><i id="delivers-a-handpicked-selection-of-features-and-insights-twice-a-week." class="sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog"> delivers a handpicked selection of features and insights twice a week.<!-- --></i></p></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe"><i id="for-more-culture-stories-from-the-bbc,-follow-us-on" class="sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog">For more Culture stories from the BBC, follow us on <!-- --></i><a target="_blank" 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History</a></div><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/culture/tags/history" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-3df0d64d-0 kMyFYO">History</a></div><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/culture/tags/features" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-3df0d64d-0 kMyFYO">Features</a></div></div></div></article><aside data-testid="texas-section-outer" data-analytics-group="true" data-analytics_group_name="Watch" data-analytics_group_type="texas-20" data-analytics_group_position="1" data-analytics_group_item_count="20" data-analytics_group_link="" class="sc-ba42a659-1 cYqRar"><div data-testid="texas-section" class="sc-ba42a659-2 jqWjKw"><div class="sc-7a382a26-2 lhbHDZ"><div class="sc-7a382a26-1 vyVNI"><hr data-testid="texas-line" class="sc-7a382a26-0 cZNAZj"/></div><div data-testid="section-title-wrapper" class="sc-7a382a26-3 gOPBZn"><div><div class="sc-7a382a26-7 jlJwDB"><span data-testid="texas-title" class="sc-7a382a26-4 gtFsyR">Watch<!-- --></span></div></div></div></div><div data-testid="texas-grid" class="sc-8a8cf983-0 iYKspt"><div class="sc-8a8cf983-1 gaQDrT"><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p0k4x9jb/mary-mallon-the-most-dangerous-woman-in-america-" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 kpNmDb"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0k4xxl9.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0k4xxl9.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0k4xxl9.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0k4xxl9.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0k4xxl9.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0k4xxl9.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0k4xxl9.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0k4xxl9.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0k4xxl9.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0k4xxl9.jpg.webp" alt="Mary Mallon: 'The most dangerous woman in America'" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-1097f7fe-0 jmthjj"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">Mary Mallon: 'The most dangerous woman in America'<!-- --></h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">How Mary Mallon, an Irish cook for New York's elite, became known as the 'most dangerous woman in America'.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">6 days ago</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">History</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p0k3vzf7/world-war-one-relics-live-on-in-the-fields-of-europe" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 kpNmDb"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0k3w5bq.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0k3w5bq.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0k3w5bq.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0k3w5bq.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0k3w5bq.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0k3w5bq.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0k3w5bq.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0k3w5bq.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0k3w5bq.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0k3w5bq.jpg.webp" alt="Europe's 'iron harvest' of war" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-1097f7fe-0 jmthjj"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">World War One relics live on in the fields of Europe<!-- --></h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">The battlegrounds of World War One are still giving up their revealing evidence of bitter fighting.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">12 Nov 2024</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">History</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p0jzg8m7/the-picture-that-tells-a-lesser-known-chapter-of-us-history" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 kpNmDb"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0jzh1hp.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0jzh1hp.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0jzh1hp.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0jzh1hp.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0jzh1hp.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0jzh1hp.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0jzh1hp.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0jzh1hp.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0jzh1hp.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0jzh1hp.jpg.webp" alt="The history of the bison skull photo" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-1097f7fe-0 jmthjj"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">The picture that tells a lesser-known chapter of US history<!-- --></h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">How a 1892 photo from Rougeville, Michigan, became the most iconic image of the bison massacre in America.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">22 Oct 2024</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">History</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p0jyrzsg/the-history-of-swing-states-in-the-us" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 kpNmDb"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0jys4dp.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0jys4dp.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0jys4dp.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0jys4dp.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0jys4dp.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0jys4dp.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0jys4dp.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0jys4dp.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0jys4dp.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0jys4dp.jpg.webp" alt="The history of swing states" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-1097f7fe-0 jmthjj"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">The history of swing states in the US<!-- --></h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">The US Presidential elections did not always depend on just these seven states.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">21 Oct 2024</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">History</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p0jr4z6k/why-tonnes-of-mummified-cats-ended-up-in-england" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 kpNmDb"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0jx5sh2.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0jx5sh2.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0jx5sh2.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0jx5sh2.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0jx5sh2.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0jx5sh2.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0jx5sh2.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0jx5sh2.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0jx5sh2.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0jx5sh2.jpg.webp" alt="The 19.5-tonne cargo of cat mummies sent to England" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-1097f7fe-0 jmthjj"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">Why tonnes of mummified cats ended up in England<!-- --></h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">In 1890 an estimated cargo of 180,000 ancient felines, weighing 19.5 tonnes, were auctioned off in Liverpool.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">18 Sep 2024</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">History</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p0jpptt2/inside-the-ancient-royal-tomb-found-by-accident" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 kpNmDb"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0jpqw9h.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0jpqw9h.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0jpqw9h.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0jpqw9h.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0jpqw9h.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0jpqw9h.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0jpqw9h.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0jpqw9h.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0jpqw9h.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0jpqw9h.jpg.webp" alt="Inside the ancient royal tomb found by accident" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-1097f7fe-0 jmthjj"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">Inside the ancient royal tomb found by accident<!-- --></h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">The Thracian Tomb of Kazanlak was accidentally discovered by Bulgarian soldiers digging up shelters in 1944.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">11 Sep 2024</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">Archaeology</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p0jphx6z/varna-necropolis-world-s-oldest-gold-treasure" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 kpNmDb"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0jphzd0.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0jphzd0.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0jphzd0.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0jphzd0.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0jphzd0.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0jphzd0.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0jphzd0.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0jphzd0.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0jphzd0.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0jphzd0.jpg.webp" alt="Varna Necropolis: World's oldest gold treasure" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-1097f7fe-0 jmthjj"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">Varna Necropolis: World's oldest gold treasure<!-- --></h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">The Varna treasure is considered the world's oldest human processed gold, dating back 6,500 years.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">10 Sep 2024</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">Archaeology</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p0jnkzzy/the-giant-350-year-old-model-of-st-paul-s-cathedral" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 kpNmDb"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0jnm65l.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0jnm65l.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0jnm65l.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0jnm65l.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0jnm65l.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0jnm65l.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0jnm65l.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0jnm65l.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0jnm65l.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0jnm65l.jpg.webp" alt="The giant 350-year-old model of St Paul's Cathedral" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-1097f7fe-0 jmthjj"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">The giant 350-year-old model of St Paul's Cathedral<!-- --></h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">Hiding in a London cathedral is an intricate wooden mock-up of Sir Christopher Wren's masterpiece.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">5 Sep 2024</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">History</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p0jnbll0/uncovering-the-sunken-relics-of-an-ancient-city" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 kpNmDb"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0jnbpvk.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0jnbpvk.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0jnbpvk.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0jnbpvk.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0jnbpvk.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0jnbpvk.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0jnbpvk.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0jnbpvk.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0jnbpvk.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0jnbpvk.jpg.webp" alt="Uncovering the sunken relics of an ancient city" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-1097f7fe-0 jmthjj"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">Uncovering the sunken relics of an ancient city<!-- --></h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">Bettany Hughes goes underwater in search of ancient archaeological finds in historic Sozopol, Bulgaria.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">4 Sep 2024</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">Archaeology</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p0jjgsd6/texas-fever-the-lesser-known-history-of-the-us-border" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 kpNmDb"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0jjgwdw.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0jjgwdw.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0jjgwdw.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0jjgwdw.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0jjgwdw.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0jjgwdw.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0jjgwdw.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0jjgwdw.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0jjgwdw.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0jjgwdw.jpg.webp" alt="Texas fever: The unexpected origin of the federal US/Mexico border" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-1097f7fe-0 jmthjj"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">Texas fever: The lesser-known history of the US border<!-- --></h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">In 1911, a fence was constructed on the US-Mexico border. But its purpose was not to stop humans.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">18 Aug 2024</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">History</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p0jh9gjs/century-old-olympics-footage-brought-back-to-life" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 kpNmDb"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0jhbwpw.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0jhbwpw.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0jhbwpw.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0jhbwpw.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0jhbwpw.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0jhbwpw.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0jhbwpw.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0jhbwpw.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0jhbwpw.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0jhbwpw.jpg.webp" alt="Century-old Olympics footage brought back to life" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-1097f7fe-0 jmthjj"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">Century-old Olympics footage brought back to life<!-- --></h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">A look through footage from the Paris 1924 Olympics gives viewers a chance to reflect on how much has changed.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">9 Aug 2024</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">Sport</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p0jcz9cf/the-rare-medieval-street-about-to-reveal-its-secrets" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 kpNmDb"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0jd20ty.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0jd20ty.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0jd20ty.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0jd20ty.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0jd20ty.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0jd20ty.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0jd20ty.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0jd20ty.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0jd20ty.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0jd20ty.jpg.webp" alt="Inside one of Europe's oldest streets" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-1097f7fe-0 jmthjj"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">The rare medieval street about to reveal its secrets<!-- --></h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">One of Europe's oldest residential streets hides in the heart of the English countryside.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">23 Jul 2024</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">History</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p0j8gcmv/tutankhamun-the-first-ever-view-inside-the-tomb" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 kpNmDb"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0jg5n89.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0jg5n89.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0jg5n89.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0jg5n89.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0jg5n89.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0jg5n89.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0jg5n89.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0jg5n89.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0jg5n89.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0jg5n89.jpg.webp" alt="The first view inside Tutankhamun's tomb" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-1097f7fe-0 jmthjj"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">Tutankhamun: The first ever view inside the tomb<!-- --></h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">One month after the famous discovery, photographer Harry Burton recreated the first view of Tutankhamun's tomb.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">5 Jul 2024</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">History</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p0j7x5f7/listen-to-the-oldest-known-recording-of-a-human-voice" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 kpNmDb"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0j80ln6.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0j80ln6.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0j80ln6.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0j80ln6.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0j80ln6.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0j80ln6.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0j80ln6.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0j80ln6.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0j80ln6.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0j80ln6.jpg.webp" alt="Listen to the oldest known recording of a human voice" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-1097f7fe-0 jmthjj"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">Listen to the oldest known recording of a human voice<!-- --></h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">Thomas Edison wasn't the first person to record sound. It was a Frenchman who invented sound recording in 1857.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">3 Jul 2024</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">History</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p0j2f3nz/d-day-veteran-remembers-we-didn-t-have-time-to-be-scared" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 kpNmDb"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0j2fhvd.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0j2fhvd.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0j2fhvd.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0j2fhvd.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0j2fhvd.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0j2fhvd.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0j2fhvd.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0j2fhvd.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0j2fhvd.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0j2fhvd.jpg.webp" alt="D-Day veteran remembers: We didn't have time to be scared" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-1097f7fe-0 jmthjj"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">D-Day veteran remembers: We didn't have time to be scared<!-- --></h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">On the 80th anniversary of D-Day, veterans who were on the beaches of Normandy recount that fateful day.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">5 Jun 2024</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">History</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p0hvp7vh/king-charles-one-year-since-the-coronation" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 kpNmDb"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0hvy07t.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0hvy07t.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0hvy07t.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0hvy07t.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0hvy07t.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0hvy07t.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0hvy07t.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0hvy07t.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0hvy07t.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0hvy07t.jpg.webp" alt="Getty Images 1488341755" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-1097f7fe-0 jmthjj"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">King Charles: One year since the Coronation<!-- --></h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">How does King Charles III's Coronation year compare to that of his mother?</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">7 May 2024</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">History</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p0hsxk4n/the-song-that-ended-europe-s-longest-running-fascist-regime" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 kpNmDb"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0ht3kpy.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0ht3kpy.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0ht3kpy.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0ht3kpy.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0ht3kpy.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0ht3kpy.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0ht3kpy.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0ht3kpy.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0ht3kpy.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0ht3kpy.jpg.webp" alt="The song that ended a dictatorship" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-1097f7fe-0 jmthjj"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">The song that ended Europe's longest running fascist regime<!-- --></h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">Fifty years ago, on April 25, 1974, a Eurovision song gave the signal for a military coup.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">25 Apr 2024</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">History</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p0ftrxhx/the-tiny-piece-of-the-us-hidden-in-england" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 kpNmDb"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0fts7h8.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0fts7h8.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0fts7h8.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0fts7h8.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0fts7h8.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0fts7h8.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0fts7h8.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0fts7h8.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0fts7h8.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0fts7h8.jpg.webp" alt="EA3 RNE" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-1097f7fe-0 jmthjj"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">The tiny piece of the US hidden in England<!-- --></h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">How one day in 1963 changed history forever and created a piece of America in the UK.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">10 Apr 2024</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">History</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p0h3c672/tracing-marco-polo-s-footsteps-along-the-silk-road" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 kpNmDb"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0hp4v0d.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0hp4v0d.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0hp4v0d.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0hp4v0d.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0hp4v0d.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0hp4v0d.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0hp4v0d.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0hp4v0d.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0hp4v0d.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0hp4v0d.jpg.webp" alt="Silk road copy" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-1097f7fe-0 jmthjj"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">Tracing Marco Polo's footsteps along the Silk Road<!-- --></h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">700 years after his death, Marco Polo's travellogue is full of wonder but also 'hard to believe' in some parts.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">7 Apr 2024</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">History</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p09j5hj3/a-russian-spy-story-vladimir-putin-and-his-time-in-the-kgb" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 kpNmDb"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0hkd107.png.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0hkd107.png.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0hkd107.png.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0hkd107.png.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0hkd107.png.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0hkd107.png.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0hkd107.png.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0hkd107.png.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0hkd107.png.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0hkd107.png.webp" alt="Screenshot 2024 03 18 at 9 26 14 AM" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-1097f7fe-0 jmthjj"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">A Russian Spy Story: Vladimir Putin and his time in the KGB<!-- --></h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">How Putin 'dreamed of being the Russian version of James Bond'.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">18 Mar 2024</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">History</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div></div></div></div></aside><aside data-testid="alaska-section-outer" data-analytics-group="true" data-analytics_group_name="More" data-analytics_group_type="alaska-5" data-analytics_group_position="2" data-analytics_group_item_count="5" data-analytics_group_link="" class="sc-ba42a659-1 GdVOW"><div data-testid="alaska-section" class="sc-ba42a659-2 jqWjKw"><div class="sc-7a382a26-2 lhbHDZ"><div class="sc-7a382a26-1 vyVNI"><hr data-testid="alaska-line" class="sc-7a382a26-0 iphYZF"/></div><div data-testid="section-title-wrapper" class="sc-7a382a26-3 gOPBZn"><div><div class="sc-7a382a26-7 jlJwDB"><span data-testid="alaska-title" class="sc-7a382a26-4 gQxUVz">More<!-- --></span></div></div></div></div><div class="sc-da05643e-0 kbaPPZ"><div data-testid="alaska-grid" class="sc-93223220-0 sc-da05643e-1 fiJvSm djXsFQ"><div data-testid="liverpool-card"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/travel/article/20241120-shenseeas-guide-to-jamaica" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div class="sc-ae29827d-4 ypQFr"><div class="sc-ae29827d-1 hAmwyA"><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 bFzmvn"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 bCFJJn">1 hr ago</span></div></div><div data-testid="liverpool-article" class="sc-ae29827d-3 khCtOO"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-ae29827d-5 jVhDCQ"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-ae29827d-2 bgogNC"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 600px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0k5rscj.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0k5rscj.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0k5rscj.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0k5rscj.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0k5rscj.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0k5rscj.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0k5rscj.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0k5rscj.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0k5rscj.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0k5rscj.jpg.webp" alt="Kingston, Jamaica (Credit: Getty Images)" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-ae29827d-6 dzMUxv"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 gTeoVH"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 gRBdkE">A Jamaican dancehall superstar's guide to Jamaica<!-- --></h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-ae29827d-0 cNPpME">From hiking Dunn's River Falls to having bun and cheese, here are international pop artist Shenseea's picks for how to experience the best of her island.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 kZsXRf"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 bffMcX">1 hr ago</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 eQhLId"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 bHkTZK">Travel</span></div></div></div></div></a></div></div><div data-testid="liverpool-card"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/culture/article/20241122-wicked-author-gregory-maguire-on-the-real-meaning-of-the-story-that-captivated-the-world" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div class="sc-ae29827d-4 ypQFr"><div class="sc-ae29827d-1 hAmwyA"><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 bFzmvn"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 bCFJJn">4 hrs ago</span></div></div><div data-testid="liverpool-article" class="sc-ae29827d-3 khCtOO"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-ae29827d-5 jVhDCQ"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-ae29827d-2 bgogNC"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 600px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0k6c70p.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0k6c70p.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0k6c70p.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0k6c70p.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0k6c70p.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0k6c70p.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0k6c70p.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0k6c70p.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0k6c70p.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0k6c70p.jpg.webp" alt="Cynthia Erivo as Elphaba in the 2024 Wicked film (Credit: Universal Pictures)" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-ae29827d-6 dzMUxv"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 gTeoVH"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 gRBdkE">The real meaning of Wicked according to its author<!-- --></h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-ae29827d-0 cNPpME">Before it was a Hollywood blockbuster it was a megahit musical, and before that it was a 1995 novel. Author Gregory Maguire tells the BBC about the inspiration behind Wicked.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 kZsXRf"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 bffMcX">4 hrs ago</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 eQhLId"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 bHkTZK">Culture</span></div></div></div></div></a></div></div><div data-testid="liverpool-card"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/future/article/20241119-antarcticas-upside-down-ice-scape-we-had-no-idea-existed" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div class="sc-ae29827d-4 ypQFr"><div class="sc-ae29827d-1 hAmwyA"><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 bFzmvn"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 bCFJJn">5 hrs ago</span></div></div><div data-testid="liverpool-article" class="sc-ae29827d-3 khCtOO"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-ae29827d-5 jVhDCQ"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-ae29827d-2 bgogNC"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 600px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0k5lpw4.png.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0k5lpw4.png.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0k5lpw4.png.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0k5lpw4.png.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0k5lpw4.png.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0k5lpw4.png.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0k5lpw4.png.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0k5lpw4.png.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0k5lpw4.png.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0k5lpw4.png.webp" alt="Sand dune-like ice structures found under the Dotson Ice Shelf in Antarctica (Credit: Filip Stedt/University of Gothenburg)" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-ae29827d-6 dzMUxv"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 gTeoVH"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 gRBdkE">Antarctica's mysterious upside-down ice-scape<!-- --></h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-ae29827d-0 cNPpME">When scientists peered beneath one of Antarctica's floating ice shelves, they were surprised to find an upside-down landscape of peaks, valleys and plateaus.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 kZsXRf"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 bffMcX">5 hrs ago</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 eQhLId"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 bHkTZK">Future</span></div></div></div></div></a></div></div><div data-testid="liverpool-card"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/future/article/20221026-what-if-polluters-paid-for-climate-change-loss-and-damage" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div class="sc-ae29827d-4 ypQFr"><div class="sc-ae29827d-1 hAmwyA"><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 bFzmvn"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 bCFJJn">1 day ago</span></div></div><div data-testid="liverpool-article" class="sc-ae29827d-3 khCtOO"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-ae29827d-5 jVhDCQ"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-ae29827d-2 bgogNC"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 600px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0d9psc1.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0d9psc1.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0d9psc1.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0d9psc1.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0d9psc1.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0d9psc1.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0d9psc1.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0d9psc1.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0d9psc1.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0d9psc1.jpg.webp" alt="" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-ae29827d-6 dzMUxv"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 gTeoVH"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 gRBdkE">The world's greatest unpaid debt?<!-- --></h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-ae29827d-0 cNPpME">Should rich countries and fossil fuel companies pay for the climate losses and damages they have caused?</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 kZsXRf"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 bffMcX">1 day ago</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 eQhLId"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 bHkTZK">Future</span></div></div></div></div></a></div></div><div data-component="ad-slot" data-testid="ad-unit" class="sc-d2ebd0a7-0 iayHyW"><div data-testid="dotcom-mid_6" id="dotcom-mid_6" class="dotcom-ad"></div></div><div data-testid="liverpool-card"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/travel/article/20241121-where-to-discover-new-york-citys-native-american-roots" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div class="sc-ae29827d-4 ypQFr"><div class="sc-ae29827d-1 hAmwyA"><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 bFzmvn"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 bCFJJn">1 day ago</span></div></div><div data-testid="liverpool-article" class="sc-ae29827d-3 fKfpeF"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-ae29827d-5 jVhDCQ"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-ae29827d-2 bgogNC"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 600px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0k648tl.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0k648tl.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0k648tl.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0k648tl.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0k648tl.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0k648tl.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0k648tl.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0k648tl.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0k648tl.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0k648tl.jpg.webp" alt="Person performing a traditional dance at a Native American powwow at Queens Farm Museum (Credit: Getty Images)" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-ae29827d-6 dzMUxv"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 gTeoVH"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 gRBdkE">How New York City is reclaiming its Native roots<!-- --></h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-ae29827d-0 cNPpME">Four hundred years after Europeans arrived, New York City's Native community isn't just thriving – it's growing. Here's where travellers can learn about the area's original residents.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 kZsXRf"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 bffMcX">1 day ago</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 eQhLId"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 bHkTZK">Travel</span></div></div></div></div></a></div></div></div></div></div></aside><div class="zephr_meter_beta"></div><div class="zephr_story_beta"></div></main><hr data-testid="main-footer-divider" class="sc-be00b565-2 cxZZfa"/><footer data-testid="main-footer" class="sc-be00b565-0 hfihLu"><div class="sc-be00b565-3 bMDFAT"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 112 32" category="logo" icon="bbc" style="height:30px" class="sc-1097f7fe-0 jbvZzi"><title>British Broadcasting Corporation</title><path d="M111.99999,4.44444577e-05 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All rights reserved. <!-- --><i id="" class="sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog"> <!-- --></i>The<!-- --><i id="bbc" class="sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog"> BBC <!-- --></i>is<!-- --><i id="not-responsible-for-the-content-of-external-sites." class="sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog"> not responsible for the content of external sites.<!-- --></i> <!-- --><a target="_self" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/editorialguidelines/guidance/feeds-and-links" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB"><b id="read-about-our-approach-to-external-linking." class="sc-7dcfb11b-0 kVRnKf">Read about our approach to external linking.<!-- --></b></a></p><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe"> <!-- --></p></div></footer></div></div><script id="__NEXT_DATA__" type="application/json">{"props":{"pageProps":{"page":{"@\"culture\",\"article\",\"20241108-the-migrants-who-passed-through-ellis-island\",":{"id":"urn:pubpipe:wwverticals:article:culture/article/20241108-the-migrants-who-passed-through-ellis-island","contents":[{"type":"headline","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"'That was the greatest day of all our lives': The migrants who passed through Ellis Island","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"timestamp","model":{"timestamp":1731322800000}},{"type":"byline","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"contributor","model":{"topicUrl":"culture/author/myles-burke","blocks":[{"type":"name","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"By Myles Burke","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"By Myles Burke","attributes":[]}}]}}]}}]}}]}},{"type":"timestamp","model":{"timestamp":1731322800000}}]}},{"type":"image","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"altText","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Ellis Island, 1880 (Credit: Getty Images)","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Ellis Island, 1880 (Credit: Getty Images)","attributes":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{"type":"rawImage","model":{"height":1080,"width":1920,"locator":"/p0k39kzd.jpg","originCode":"ic","copyrightHolder":"Getty Images"}}],"emphasiseImage":true}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Isabel Belarsky was one of the millions of people who were processed on Ellis Island before its immigration facility closed in 1954. In 2014, she told the BBC about reaching the gateway to the US from the Soviet Union in 1930.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Isabel Belarsky was one of the millions of people who were processed on Ellis Island before its immigration facility closed in 1954. In 2014, she told the BBC about reaching the gateway to the US from the Soviet Union in 1930.","attributes":["bold"]}}]}}],"bodyIntro":true}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"On 12 November 1954, a Norwegian seaman Arne Petterson was questioned by immigration officials after overstaying his US shore leave. He risked being deported, but instead he was granted parole, and as he stepped on board a ferry in New York Harbor, he was snapped by a photographer. He was the last person to be processed on Ellis Island.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"On 12 November 1954, a Norwegian seaman Arne Petterson was questioned by immigration officials after overstaying his US shore leave. He risked being deported, but instead he was granted parole, and as he stepped on board a ferry in New York Harbor, he was snapped by a photographer. He was the last person to be processed on Ellis Island.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"The same day, the island that had been millions of migrants' first glimpse of the US closed its immigration facilities for good. By the time Petterson left, Ellis Island was mostly being used as a detention centre for illegal entrants and suspected communists, but for more than 60 years for many people it was a stepping stone to a whole new life.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"The same day, the island that had been millions of migrants' first glimpse of the US ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"closed its immigration facilities","locator":"http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/november/12/newsid_3963000/3963251.stm","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"closed its immigration facilities","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" for good. 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For more than six decades the island represented both the search for the American Dream and the US’s often conflicted relationship towards immigration.","medium":"WATCH: 'It was interesting but frightening too because we couldn't speak English'"},"imageUrl":"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920xn/p0k32p6w.jpg","embedding":true,"advertising":true,"versions":[{"versionId":"p0k328fr","duration":98,"warnings":{"short":"","long":""}}],"syndication":{"destinations":[]},"smpKind":"programme"}},{"type":"image","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"caption","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Isabel Belarsky","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Isabel Belarsky","attributes":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{"type":"altText","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Isabel Belarsky","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Isabel Belarsky","attributes":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{"type":"rawImage","model":{"height":1080,"width":1920,"locator":"/p0k32p6w.jpg","originCode":"ic","copyrightHolder":""}}]}}]}}],"playerPosition":"embedded-0"}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Situated at the mouth of the Hudson River between New York and New Jersey, the island had been selected by President Benjamin Harrison as the site of a central immigration facility in 1890 when it became clear that the one in Manhattan was unable to cope with the influx of new arrivals. In the decades before Ellis Island opened, the patterns of immigration to the US had shifted. From the 1880s there was a sudden rise in people coming from southern and eastern Europe. Many of them were trying to escape poverty, political oppression or religious persecution in their home countries. But as President John F Kennedy wrote in his 1958 book A Nation of Immigrants, \"There are probably as many reasons for coming to America as there were people who came.\"","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Situated at the mouth of the Hudson River between New York and New Jersey, the island had been selected by President Benjamin Harrison as the site of a central immigration facility in 1890 when it became clear that the one in Manhattan was unable to cope with the influx of new arrivals. In the decades before Ellis Island opened, the patterns of immigration to the US had shifted. From the 1880s there was a sudden rise in people coming from southern and eastern Europe. Many of them were trying to escape poverty, political oppression or religious persecution in their home countries. But as President John F Kennedy wrote in his 1958 book A Nation of Immigrants, \"There are probably as many reasons for coming to America as there were people who came.\"","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"advertisement","model":{"adType":"horizontal"},"incrementedType":"mid_1"},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":" ","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" ","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"quote","model":{"text":"Many of the people who would help shape the identity of US were processed at the island as children","quoteSource":"","quoteSourceTitle":""}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"In preparation, the island was enlarged, partly by using landfill hollowed out from New York's first subway tunnels, and a new dock and three-storey timber building were constructed. This building would need to be rebuilt just five years later when a fire burnt it to the ground, destroying all passenger records dating back to 1855.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"In preparation, the island was enlarged, partly by using landfill hollowed out from New York's first subway tunnels, and a new dock and three-storey timber building were constructed. This building would need to be rebuilt just five years later when a fire burnt it to the ground, destroying all passenger records dating back to 1855.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"On 1 January 1892, Ellis Island opened to receive immigrants. At its peak, during the early years of the 20th Century, thousands of people passed through its gates each day. Angel Island in San Francisco Bay had the same role on the west coast from 1910 to 1940. But according to the National Park Service, some 40% of Americans living today are descended from immigrants who came through Ellis Island. Many of the people who would help shape the identity of the US in the 20th Century, from film director Frank Capra (born in Italy) and science fiction writer Isaac Asimov (born in Russia) to actress Claudette Colbert (born in France) and cosmetician Max Factor (born in Poland), were processed at the island as children.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"On 1 January 1892, Ellis Island opened to receive immigrants. ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"At its peak","locator":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zkng87h/revision/4","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"At its peak","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":", during the early years of the 20th Century, thousands of people passed through its gates each day. ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"Angel Island","locator":"https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20240719-angel-island-the-little-known-ellis-island-of-the-west-us","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Angel Island","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" in San Francisco Bay had the same role on the west coast from 1910 to 1940. But according to the National Park Service, some 40% of Americans living today are descended from immigrants who came through Ellis Island. Many of the people who would help shape the identity of the US in the 20th Century, from film director ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"Frank Capra","locator":"https://www.nps.gov/elis/learn/historyculture/notable-immigrants-a-f.htm#CP_JUMP_4004026","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Frank Capra","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" (born in Italy) and science fiction writer ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"Isaac Asimov","locator":"https://www.nps.gov/elis/learn/historyculture/notable-immigrants-a-f.htm#CP_JUMP_4006218","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Isaac Asimov","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" (born in Russia) to actress ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"Claudette Colbert","locator":"https://www.nps.gov/elis/learn/historyculture/notable-immigrants-a-f.htm#CP_JUMP_4006218","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Claudette Colbert","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" (born in France) and cosmetician ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"Max Factor","locator":"https://www.nps.gov/elis/learn/historyculture/notable-immigrants-a-f.htm#CP_JUMP_4009432","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Max Factor","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" (born in Poland), were processed at the island as children.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Isabel Belarsky was one such child. In 1930 she made the arduous sea voyage to the US with her family from what was then the Soviet Union. \"Oh boy, that was some journey. It was cold, we had nothing to wear. Everybody was freezing. Finally, we came through Ellis Island,\" she told the BBC in 2014.","blocks":[{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"Isabel Belarsky","locator":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/magazine-30098411","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Isabel Belarsky","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" was one such child. In 1930 she made the arduous sea voyage to the US with her family from what was then the Soviet Union. \"Oh boy, that was some journey. It was cold, we had nothing to wear. Everybody was freezing. Finally, we came through Ellis Island,\" she told the BBC in 2014.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"advertisement","model":{"adType":"horizontal"},"incrementedType":"mid_2"},{"type":"subheadline","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"So near and yet so far","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"So near and yet so far","attributes":["bold","h1"]}}]}}]}}],"level":2}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"The steamships on which immigrants such as the Belarskys journeyed were divided by money and class, with the majority of people being third class passengers crowded together, in often unsanitary conditions in steerage. Before a ship could enter New York Harbor, it first had to stop at a quarantine checkpoint off Staten Island. There doctors boarded the vessel looking for signs of sickness, such as smallpox and cholera. People with contagious diseases were banned from entering the US, as were polygamists, anarchists and convicted criminals, among others. The first restrictions on immigration had begun to be enacted by Congress in the 1870s. Many of these had an explicit racial prejudice, with laws that first targeted Chinese migrants and later excluded immigration from most Asian countries.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"The steamships on which immigrants such as the Belarskys journeyed were divided by money and class, with the majority of people being third class passengers crowded together, in often unsanitary conditions in steerage. Before a ship could enter New York Harbor, it first had to stop at a quarantine checkpoint off Staten Island. There doctors boarded the vessel looking for signs of sickness, such as smallpox and cholera. People with contagious diseases were banned from entering the US, as were polygamists, anarchists and convicted criminals, among others. The first restrictions on immigration had begun to be enacted by Congress in the 1870s. Many of these had an explicit racial prejudice, with laws that ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"first targeted Chinese migrants","locator":"https://blogs.loc.gov/law/2022/05/the-chinese-exclusion-act-part-1-the-history/","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"first targeted Chinese migrants","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" and later excluded immigration from most Asian countries.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"If the ship passed its health inspection, the first and second-class passengers would be interviewed and processed onboard. During Ellis Island's first few decades, immigrants to the US did not require passports, visas or any official government paperwork at all. Passports existed, but they were only universally adopted in 1920. Instead, when passengers first boarded a ship, they gave spoken answers to questions which were recorded in its manifest. These were then checked by US officials and, provided those wealthier passengers were sickness-free and had no legal issues, they were allowed to enter the US, bypassing Ellis Island entirely.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"If the ship passed its health inspection, the first and second-class passengers would be interviewed and processed onboard. During Ellis Island's first few decades, immigrants to the US did not require passports, visas or any official government paperwork at all. Passports existed, but they were only universally adopted in 1920. Instead, when passengers first boarded a ship, they gave spoken answers to questions which were recorded in its manifest. These were then checked by US officials and, provided those wealthier passengers were sickness-free and had no legal issues, they were allowed to enter the US, bypassing Ellis Island entirely.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"callout","model":{"title":"In History","blocks":[{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"In History is a series which uses the BBC's unique audio and video archive to explore historical events that still resonate today. Subscribe to the accompanying weekly newsletter.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"In History is a series which uses the BBC's unique audio and video archive to explore historical events that still resonate today. ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"Subscribe to the accompanying weekly newsletter.","locator":"https://cloud.email.bbc.com/InHistory_Newsletter_Signup?\u0026at_bbc_team=studios\u0026at_medium=Onsite\u0026at_objective=acquisition\u0026at_ptr_name=bbc.com\u0026at_link_origin=historycontent\u0026at_campaign=inhistory\u0026at_campaign_type=owned","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Subscribe to the accompanying weekly newsletter.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Everyone else was tagged with the ship's name and the page number where they appeared on the manifest. They were then put on a ferry to Ellis Island where their future would be decided. When they arrived at the island and entered the main building, women and children were separated into one line and men into the other. Then they climbed the steep winding staircase to the registry room on the second floor, carefully watched by doctors who were looking out for signs of wheezing, coughing or limping that suggested health problems.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Everyone else was tagged with the ship's name and the page number where they appeared on the manifest. They were then put on a ferry to Ellis Island where their future would be decided. When they arrived at the island and entered the main building, women and children were separated into one line and men into the other. Then they climbed the steep winding staircase to the registry room on the second floor, carefully watched by doctors who were looking out for signs of wheezing, coughing or limping that suggested health problems.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"When they reached the registry room, they faced a brief medical examination. This was a nerve-racking experience. Immigrant children were asked their names so the doctors could check that they were not deaf or dumb. Toddlers who were being carried were made to walk to prove that they could. \"It was interesting but a little frightening, too, because we couldn't speak English,\" Belarsky told the BBC.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"When they reached the registry room, they faced a brief medical examination. This was a nerve-racking experience. Immigrant children were asked their names so the doctors could check that they were not deaf or dumb. Toddlers who were being carried were made to walk to prove that they could. \"It was interesting but a little frightening, too, because we couldn't speak English,\" Belarsky told the BBC.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"advertisement","model":{"adType":"horizontal"},"incrementedType":"mid_3"},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"If the doctor suspected a health issue they would mark letters on that person's clothes in chalk: H for heart problems, X for mental illness, CT for trachoma – a highly contagious and much feared eye infection that can lead to blindness. The test for this was particularly uncomfortable: doctors would turn a person's eyelid inside out using their fingers or a buttonhook, an implement used for fastening small buttons. If a person got a chalk mark, they would be removed from the line and confined in what was called the \"doctor's pen\" for a more thorough examination.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"If the doctor suspected a health issue they would mark letters on that person's clothes in chalk: H for heart problems, X for mental illness, CT for trachoma – a highly contagious and much feared eye infection that can lead to blindness. The test for this was particularly uncomfortable: doctors would turn a person's eyelid inside out using their fingers or a buttonhook, an implement used for fastening small buttons. If a person got a chalk mark, they would be removed from the line and confined in what was called the \"doctor's pen\" for a more thorough examination.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"If they then failed a medical inspection they would be detained or outright refused entry and sent back to where they had travelled from. In some cases, this could mean a family being broken up. Official statistics record that only around 2% were refused entry to the US, but that still means that nearly 125,000 people, who had endured the long and difficult journey to get there, were sent home within sight of Manhattan. ","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"If they then failed a medical inspection they would be detained or outright refused entry and sent back to where they had travelled from. In some cases, this could mean a family being broken up. Official statistics record that only around 2% were refused entry to the US, but that still means that nearly 125,000 people, who had endured the long and difficult journey to get there, were sent home within sight of Manhattan. ","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"quote","model":{"text":"Women travelling alone or with children were often viewed as potential burdens to the state","quoteSource":"","quoteSourceTitle":""}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Those who passed the medical exam proceeded to a legal screening. Inspectors would check their tags and quiz them, often with the help of an interpreter, about everything from their eye colour and who paid for their passage to whether they were literate and whether they had ever been held in a mental health institution. Most people were processed quickly and went through Ellis Island within a few hours. But if a migrant's answers didn't match the ones on the ship's manifest, or if the inspectors were suspicious about them for some reason, their name was marked with an X and they were detained.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Those who passed the medical exam proceeded to a legal screening. Inspectors would check their tags and quiz them, often with the help of an interpreter, about everything from their eye colour and who paid for their passage to whether they were literate and whether they had ever been held in a mental health institution. Most people were processed quickly and went through Ellis Island within a few hours. But if a migrant's answers didn't match the ones on the ship's manifest, or if the inspectors were suspicious about them for some reason, their name was marked with an X and they were detained.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"subheadline","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"The American dream","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"The American dream","attributes":["bold","h1"]}}]}}]}}],"level":2}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Around 20% of immigrants who arrived at Ellis Island ended up being temporarily detained there. This could happen for a variety of reasons. Women travelling alone or with children were often viewed as potential burdens to the state. Officials would frequently class them as Liable to Become a Public Charge (LPCs), detaining them until a male family member – because no women were allowed to leave Ellis Island with a man not related to them – could turn up and vouch for them. Unmarried women who were pregnant could be judged by inspectors as \"immoral\" and held. Stowaways who weren't on the manifest, migrant labourers suspected of being brought into the US to break union strikes, and anyone officials deemed to be politically suspect could be detained or refused entry.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Around 20% of immigrants who arrived at Ellis Island ended up being temporarily detained there. This could happen for a variety of reasons. Women travelling alone or with children were often viewed as potential burdens to the state. Officials would frequently class them as Liable to Become a Public Charge (LPCs), detaining them until a male family member – because no women were allowed to leave Ellis Island with a man not related to them – could turn up and vouch for them. Unmarried women who were pregnant could be judged by inspectors as \"immoral\" and held. Stowaways who weren't on the manifest, migrant labourers suspected of being brought into the US to break union strikes, and anyone officials deemed to be politically suspect could be detained or refused entry.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"advertisement","model":{"adType":"horizontal"},"incrementedType":"mid_4"},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Although Isabel Belarsky's father, Sidor, was a renowned opera singer who had been invited to come to the US, her family was still automatically detained at Ellis Island. This was because at the time the US did not maintain diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union. Detainees would sleep in triple-tiered bunk beds in dormitory rooms on the building's third floor, receiving three meals a day until their cases could be resolved. Sometimes this could mean an overnight stay, sometimes it could be weeks or months. \"They gave us 10 minutes every so often to go outside. When we went out they counted us,\" said Belarsky. \"And when we came back, they counted again. When we sat down, when we ate, they also counted.\"","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Although Isabel Belarsky's father, Sidor, was a renowned opera singer who had been invited to come to the US, her family was still automatically detained at Ellis Island. This was because at the time the US did not maintain diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union. Detainees would sleep in triple-tiered bunk beds in dormitory rooms on the building's third floor, receiving three meals a day until their cases could be resolved. Sometimes this could mean an overnight stay, sometimes it could be weeks or months. \"They gave us 10 minutes every so often to go outside. When we went out they counted us,\" said Belarsky. \"And when we came back, they counted again. When we sat down, when we ate, they also counted.\"","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"If arrivals had been detained because they were ill, and they hadn't been refused entry, they would be held in hospital wards on the island. While most recovered, more than 3,500 immigrants died on Ellis Island in sight of New York and their dream of a better life. Some 350 babies were also born on the island, although this was no guarantee of citizenship for the child.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"If arrivals had been detained because they were ill, and they hadn't been refused entry, they would be held in hospital wards on the island. While most recovered, more than 3,500 immigrants died on Ellis Island in sight of New York and their dream of a better life. 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Belarsky said: \"For me it was very exciting when I was a youngster. And finally, somebody got us the papers to leave Ellis Island. It was a beautiful sight. Beautiful. That was the greatest day of all our lives.\" ","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Once an immigrant's health or legal issues were successfully concluded, they were registered and free to enter the US and start their new lives. Belarsky said: \"For me it was very exciting when I was a youngster. And finally, somebody got us the papers to leave Ellis Island. It was a beautiful sight. Beautiful. That was the greatest day of all our lives.\" ","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"By the time the Belarsky family came through in 1930, the era of mass immigration to the US had already come to an end. Following World War One, the US Congress enacted sweeping laws based on race and nationality which restricted who could come into the country. 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