Anatomy and clinical significance of the uncinate process and uncovertebral joint: A comprehensive review

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href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Clin+Anat%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D" data-ga-category="search_catalog" data-ga-action="journal_link" data-ga-label="Clin Anat"> Search in NLM Catalog </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref ="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term='"Clin Anat"[jour]' data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label='"Clin Anat"[jour]' href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div><span class="period">. </span><span class="cit">2014 Apr;27(3):431-40.</span> </div> <span class="citation-doi"> doi: 10.1002/ca.22317. </span> <span class="secondary-date"> Epub 2014 Jan 22. </span> </div> <h1 class="heading-title"> Anatomy and clinical significance of the uncinate process and uncovertebral joint: A comprehensive review </h1> <div class="inline-authors"> <div class="authors"> <div class="authors-list"> <span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Hartman+J&cauthor_id=24453021" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Jeffrey Hartman">Jeffrey Hartman</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, S7N 5E5." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup></span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="short-article-details"> Affiliations <button class="more-details" id="toggle-authors" data-alt-text="Collapse" aria-controls="expanded-authors" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore data-fetch-url="/24453021/long-authors/" data-id-prefix=""> <span class="title"> Expand </span> </button> </div> <div class="extended-article-details" id="expanded-authors" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="expanded-authors" id="full-view-expanded-authors"> <div class="affiliations"> <h3 class="title"> Affiliation </h3> <ul class="item-list"> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-1" id="full-view-affiliation-1" ><sup class="key">1</sup> College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, S7N 5E5.</li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <ul class="identifiers" id="full-view-identifiers"> <li> <span class="identifier pubmed"> <span class="id-label"> PMID: </span> <strong class="current-id" title="PubMed ID">24453021</strong> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier doi"> <span class="id-label"> DOI: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&article_id=10.1002/ca.22317&id_type=DOI" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.22317" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="DOI" > 10.1002/ca.22317 </a> </span> </li> </ul> <div class="in-clipboard-label " hidden> Item in Clipboard </div> </div> <div class="short-view" id="short-view-heading"> <div class="publication-type" >Review</div> <h1 class="heading-title"> Anatomy and clinical significance of the uncinate process and uncovertebral joint: A comprehensive review </h1> <div class="short-citation"> <span class="authors-list"> <span class="authors-list-item only-author"><span class="full-name">Jeffrey Hartman</span><span class="citation-separator">.</span></span> </span> <span class="citation-journal"> Clin Anat<span class="citation-separator">.</span> </span> <span class="date"> <span class="citation-year">2014 Apr</span><span class="citation-separator">.</span> </span> </div> <div class="more-article-details-section with-display-settings"> <button class="more-article-details" id="toggle-article-details" data-alt-text="Hide details" ref="linksrc=toggle_article_details" aria-controls="full-article-details" aria-expanded="false" data-fetch-url="/24453021/long-authors/" data-id-prefix=""> <span class="title">Show details</span> </button> <div class="display-options" data-format-key="format" data-default-format-value="abstract" data-current-format-value="abstract" 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href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Clin+Anat%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D" data-ga-category="search_catalog" data-ga-action="journal_link" data-ga-label="Clin Anat"> Search in NLM Catalog </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref ="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term='"Clin Anat"[jour]' data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label='"Clin Anat"[jour]' href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div><span class="period">. </span><span class="cit">2014 Apr;27(3):431-40.</span> </div> <span class="citation-doi"> doi: 10.1002/ca.22317. </span> <span class="secondary-date"> Epub 2014 Jan 22. </span> </div> <div class="expanded-authors" id="short-view-expanded-authors"> <div class="authors"> <h3 class="title"> Author </h3> <div class="authors-list"> <span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Hartman+J&cauthor_id=24453021" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Jeffrey Hartman">Jeffrey Hartman</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, S7N 5E5." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup></span> </div> </div> <div class="affiliations"> <h3 class="title"> Affiliation </h3> <ul class="item-list"> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-1" id="short-view-affiliation-1" ><sup class="key">1</sup> College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, S7N 5E5.</li> </ul> </div> </div> <ul class="identifiers" id="short-view-identifiers"> <li> <span class="identifier pubmed"> <span class="id-label"> PMID: </span> <strong class="current-id" title="PubMed ID">24453021</strong> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier doi"> <span class="id-label"> DOI: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&article_id=10.1002/ca.22317&id_type=DOI" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.22317" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="DOI" > 10.1002/ca.22317 </a> </span> </li> </ul> <div class="in-clipboard-label " hidden> Item in Clipboard </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="actions-buttons inline"><div class="inner-wrap"><button class="full-text-links-button full-text-links-dialog-trigger" title="Open dialog with full text links" ref="linksrc=full_text_links"> Full text links </button><button class="citation-button citation-dialog-trigger" aria-label="Open dialog with citation text in different styles" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="cite" data-ga-label="open" data-all-citations-url="/24453021/citations/" data-citation-style="nlm" data-pubmed-format-link="/24453021/export/"><span class="button-label">Cite</span></button><button class="more-actions-button more-actions-dialog-trigger" title="Open dialog with more actions to take" ref="linksrc=more_actions_btn"></button><div class="display-options" data-format-key="format" data-default-format-value="abstract" data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region"><button class="trigger usa-button" title="Change format" data-ga-category="display_options" data-ga-action="display_options_dialog"><span class="button-label">Display options</span></button><div class="dropdown" hidden><div class="title"> Display options </div><div class="content"><div class="format-container"><span class="option-label"> Format </span><select name="format" data-initial-value="abstract" aria-label="Display format" id="inline-actions-display-format"><option value="abstract">Abstract</option><option value="pubmed">PubMed</option><option value="pmid">PMID</option></select></div></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="abstract" id="abstract"> <h2 class="title"> Abstract </h2> <div class="abstract-content selected" id="eng-abstract"> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Introduction: </strong> The uncinate process and its associated uncovertebral articulation are features unique to the cervical spine. This review examines the morphology of these unique structures with particular emphasis on the regional anatomy, development and clinical significance. </p> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Materials and methods: </strong> Five electronic databases were utilized in the literature search and additional relevant citations were retrieved from the references. A total of 74 citations were included for review. </p> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Results: </strong> This literature review found that the uncinate processes and uncovertebral articulations are rudimentary at birth and develop and evolve with age. With degeneration they become clinically apparent with compression of related structures; most importantly affecting the spinal nerve root and vertebral artery. The articulations have also been found to precipitate torticollis when edematous and be acutely damaged in severe head and neck injuries. The uncinate processes are also important in providing stability and guiding the motion of the cervical spine. </p> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Conclusion: </strong> This review is intended to re-examine an often overlooked region of the cervical spine as not only an interesting anatomical feature but also a clinically relevant one. </p> </div> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Keywords: </strong> Luschka joint; cervical spine; uncinate process; uncovertebral joint. </p> </div> <p class="copyright" id="copyright"> Copyright 漏 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. </p> <p class="disclaimer" id="disclaimer"> <a href="/disclaimer/" target="_blank" ga_category="literature_resources" ga_action="disclaimer_link" ga_label="under_abstract">PubMed Disclaimer</a> </p> <div class="similar-articles" id="similar"> <h2 class="title"> Similar articles </h2> <ul class="articles-list" id="similar-articles-list"> <li class="full-docsum"> <div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;"> <a class="docsum-title" href="/9005914/" ref="article_id=9005914&linksrc=similar_articles_link&ordinalpos=1" data-ga-category="similar_article" data-ga-action="9005914" data-ga-label=""> Anatomic considerations for uncovertebral involvement in cervical spondylosis. </a> <div class="docsum-citation full-citation"> <span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Ebraheim NA, Lu J, Biyani A, Brown JA, Yeasting RA.</span> <span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Ebraheim NA, et al.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1997 Jan;(334):200-6.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation short-journal-citation">Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1997.</span> <span class="citation-part">PMID: <span class="docsum-pmid">9005914</span></span> </div> </div> </li> <li class="full-docsum"> <div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;"> <a class="docsum-title" href="/12903062/" ref="article_id=12903062&linksrc=similar_articles_link&ordinalpos=2" data-ga-category="similar_article" data-ga-action="12903062" data-ga-label=""> Clinical importance of ligamentous and osseous structures in the cervical uncovertebral foraminal region. </a> <div class="docsum-citation full-citation"> <span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Yilmazlar S, Kocaeli H, Uz A, Tekdemir I.</span> <span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Yilmazlar S, et al.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">Clin Anat. 2003 Sep;16(5):404-10. doi: 10.1002/ca.10158.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation short-journal-citation">Clin Anat. 2003.</span> <span class="citation-part">PMID: <span class="docsum-pmid">12903062</span></span> </div> </div> </li> <li class="full-docsum"> <div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;"> <a class="docsum-title" href="/9932321/" ref="article_id=9932321&linksrc=similar_articles_link&ordinalpos=3" data-ga-category="similar_article" data-ga-action="9932321" data-ga-label=""> Anatomic basis of the anterior surgery on the cervical spine: relationships between uncus-artery-root complex and vertebral artery injury. </a> <div class="docsum-citation full-citation"> <span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Ebraheim NA, Lu J, Haman SP, Yeasting RA.</span> <span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Ebraheim NA, et al.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">Surg Radiol Anat. 1998;20(6):389-92. doi: 10.1007/BF01653127.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation short-journal-citation">Surg Radiol Anat. 1998.</span> <span class="citation-part">PMID: <span class="docsum-pmid">9932321</span></span> </div> </div> </li> <li class="full-docsum"> <div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;"> <a class="docsum-title" href="/26904960/" ref="article_id=26904960&linksrc=similar_articles_link&ordinalpos=4" data-ga-category="similar_article" data-ga-action="26904960" data-ga-label=""> Anatomical specificities of the degenerated cervical spine: a narrative review of clinical implications, with special focus on targeted spinal injections. </a> <div class="docsum-citation full-citation"> <span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Nguyen C, Sanchez K, Roren A, Palazzo C, Falcou L, Drap茅 JL, Rannou F, Poiraudeau S, Lef猫vre-Colau MM.</span> <span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Nguyen C, et al.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">Ann Phys Rehabil Med. 2016 Sep;59(4):276-81. doi: 10.1016/j.rehab.2015.12.006. 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Anatomy and clinical significance of the uncinate process and uncovertebral joint: A comprehensive review - PubMed