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title="Le Conseil du CERN choisit Mark Thomson comme prochain directeur général du CERN à compter de 2026"> <span> Le Conseil du CERN choisit Mark Thomson comme... </span> </a> </h3> </div> <div class="preview-card__body"></div> <div class="preview-cards__subtext"> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> At CERN </div> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> Press release </div> <div class="preview-card__date" style="color:"> <time datetime="2024-11-06T11:00:02Z">6 novembre, 2024</time> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row"> <div data-history-node-id="191152" id="preview-card--2" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern" style="background:url('/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-10/ba1938f2-89a3-4bdd-bd79-5b83ed6f3e35.JPG?itok=Lh4ptU3U') no-repeat center center / cover" data-background="/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-10/ba1938f2-89a3-4bdd-bd79-5b83ed6f3e35.JPG?itok=Lh4ptU3U" class="component-preview-cards 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class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> Press release </div> <div class="preview-card__date" style="color:"> <time datetime="2024-10-11T09:08:31Z">11 octobre, 2024</time> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row"> <div data-history-node-id="191077" id="preview-card--4" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern" style="background:url('/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-10/10-Family-photo%20%281%29.jpg?itok=UtnK0P4h') no-repeat center center / cover" data-background="/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-10/10-Family-photo%20%281%29.jpg?itok=UtnK0P4h" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern"> <a class="box-link" target="" href="/fr/news/press-release/cern/blowing-out-70-candles-cern-celebrates-seven-decades-discoveries-and-looks"></a> <div class="component-preview-cards__veil"></div> <div class="component-preview-cards__box_wrapper"> <div class="component-preview-cards__box"> <div class="preview-card__title"> <h3 class="standard-title"> <a href="/fr/news/press-release/cern/blowing-out-70-candles-cern-celebrates-seven-decades-discoveries-and-looks" hreflang="fr" title="Le CERN souffle ses 70 bougies, l’occasion de célébrer sept décennies de découvertes et de se projeter vers un futur brillant pour la science et l’innovation"> <span> Le CERN souffle ses 70 bougies, l’occasion de... </span> </a> </h3> </div> <div class="preview-card__body"></div> <div class="preview-cards__subtext"> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> At CERN </div> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> Press release </div> <div class="preview-card__date" style="color:"> <time datetime="2024-10-01T10:00:00Z">1 octobre, 2024</time> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="view-footer"> <p class="cern-btn"><a class="cern-btn" href="/fr/news?audience=23">Dernières actualités</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-0 col-sm-0 col-md-6 col-lg-6 col-item-megamenu"> <div 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BIRTH OF WEB, LHC...</span> <div class="search-block-form block block-search block-search-form-block" data-drupal-selector="search-block-form" role="search"> <form action="/fr/search/node" method="get" id="search-block-form" accept-charset="UTF-8"> <div class="form-item js-form-item form-type-search js-form-type-search form-item-keys js-form-item-keys form-no-label form-group"> <label for="edit-keys" class="control-label sr-only">Rechercher</label> <div class="input-group"><input title="Indiquer les termes à rechercher" data-drupal-selector="edit-keys" class="form-search form-control" placeholder="Rechercher" type="search" id="edit-keys" name="keys" value="" size="15" maxlength="128" data-toggle="tooltip" /><span class="input-group-btn"><button type="submit" value="Rechercher" class="button js-form-submit form-submit btn-primary btn icon-only"><span class="sr-only">Rechercher</span><span class="icon glyphicon glyphicon-search" aria-hidden="true"></span></button></span></div> </div> <div class="form-actions form-group js-form-wrapper form-wrapper" data-drupal-selector="edit-actions" id="edit-actions--2"></div> </form> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="dropdown cern-menu-lang-switcher"> <a class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-expanded="true"> <span class="separator">|</span> fr <span class="caret"></span> </a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li><section class="language-switcher-language-url block block-language block-language-blocklanguage-interface clearfix" role="navigation"> <ul class="links"><li hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/497" class="en"><a href="/science/physics/dark-matter" class="language-link" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/497">en</a></li><li hreflang="fr" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/497" class="fr is-active"><a href="/fr/science/physics/dark-matter" class="language-link is-active" hreflang="fr" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/497">fr</a></li></ul> </section> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div>  </div>  </nav> </nav> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <main role="main"> <a id="main-content" tabindex="-1"></a> <div class="container-fluid cern-page-display-page cern-page-display-story_page"> <div class="has-no-column wrapper-center col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <div class="region region-content"> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> <div class="layout layout__region story-page-node-layout-content"> <div class="field--items"> <div class="field--item"> <div class="component-row component-row__display__fluid section-navigation component-row__has-header effect_none is_half_height"> <div class="component-row__row"> <div class="component-row__column component-row__center section-has-no-column col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <div class="box-effects-wrapper "> <div class="cern-component-header-blocks component-header"> <div id="header-blocks--2" class="owl-carousel owl-theme component-header__carousel header-carousel"> <div class="header-block"> <div class="header-block__title"> <h3 class="header-block__name" style="color:#FFFFFF;"> <span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Matière noire</span> <span style="background:#FFFFFF;" class="header-block__name__underline"></span> </h3> <span class="header-block__subhead" style="color:#FFFFFF;"><p class="text-align-center">La matière noire, invisible, compose une grande partie de l’Univers ; toutefois, nous ne pouvons la détecter qu’à partir de ses effets gravitationnels.</p> </span> </div> <div class="background-component background__image" style="background:url('/sites/default/files/2023-09/higgs%20product%20%280%3B00%3B28%3B06%29.jpeg') no-repeat center top / cover; height: 100%;"></div> </div> </div> </div> <a class="endof-cern-header-blocks"></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field--item"> <div class="component-row component-row__display__centered section-navigation effect_none"> <div class="component-row__row"> <div class="component-row__column component-row__center section-has-no-column col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <div class="box-effects-wrapper "> <div class="text-component text-component-page clearfix"> <div class="text-component-text cern_full_html"> <p> </p> <p>Les galaxies de notre Univers semblent arriver à réaliser une véritable prouesse. Elles tournent si vite que la gravité produite par la matière observable qu’elles contiennent ne peut pas les faire tenir ensemble ; logiquement, elles auraient dû se défaire depuis longtemps. Il en va de même pour les amas de galaxies. C'est pourquoi les scientifiques sont convaincus qu’intervient un élément invisible : quelque chose que nous n’avons pas pu encore détecter directement donne à ces galaxies une masse supplémentaire, ce qui produit le surplus de gravité dont elles ont besoin pour ne pas se défaire. Cette présence mystérieuse est appelée « matière noire ».</p> <h2><b>La matière noire</b></h2> <p>Contrairement à la matière ordinaire, la matière noire n’est pas sensible à la force électromagnétique. De ce fait, elle ne peut absorber, refléter ou émettre de la lumière, ce qui la rend extrêmement difficile à détecter. Les scientifiques n’ont pu déduire l'existence de la matière noire que de l'effet gravitationnel que celle-ci semble avoir sur la matière visible. La matière noire semble représenter une masse environ six fois supérieure à celle de la matière visible ; elle devrait constituer environ 27 % de l'Univers. Voilà qui donne à réfléchir : la matière que nous connaissons et qui constitue toutes les étoiles et les galaxies ne représente que 5 % du contenu de l’Univers. Mais quelle est la nature de la matière noire ? Selon l’une des théories, elle pourrait contenir des particules dites « supersymétriques », particules hypothétiques qui seraient associées aux particules déjà connues du <a href="https://home.cern/fr/science/physics/standard-model">Modèle standard</a>. Les expériences menées au <a href="https://home.cern/fr/science/accelerators/large-hadron-collider">Grand collisionneur de hadrons (LHC)</a> apporteront peut-être des éléments plus probants concernant la matière noire.</p> <p>Plusieurs théories prévoient que les particules de matière noire seraient assez légères pour être produites au LHC. Dans ce cas, elles traverseraient les détecteurs sans être repérées. Elles seraient toutefois porteuses d’énergie et d’impulsion. Il serait donc possible de déduire leur existence de l'énergie et de l'impulsion manquantes après une collision. Les candidats à la matière noire sont souvent présents dans les théories portant sur la physique au-delà du Modèle standard, telles que la supersymétrie et les dimensions supplémentaires. L’une de ces théories évoque l’existence d'une « vallée cachée », un monde parallèle fait de matière noire ayant très peu de chose en commun avec la matière que nous connaissons. Si l’une de ces théories était confirmée, cela permettrait aux scientifiques de mieux comprendre la composition de l'Univers, et, en particulier, comment font les galaxies pour ne pas se défaire.</p> <h2><b>L’énergie sombre</b></h2> <p>L’énergie sombre constitue environ 68 % de l’Univers et semble être associée au vide de l’espace. Elle est distribuée de façon uniforme dans l’Univers, non seulement dans l'espace mais aussi dans le temps – autrement dit, son effet ne se dilue pas avec l’expansion de l’Univers. Cette répartition égale signifie que l’énergie sombre n’a pas d’effet gravitationnel local, mais plutôt un effet global sur l'Univers entier. Il en résulte une force répulsive qui tend à accélérer l’expansion de l’Univers. Le taux d’expansion et son accélération peuvent être mesurés par des observations et par l’application de la loi de Hubble. 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