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open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="bg" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> Историческа Чехия заема област в <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Централна Европа">Централна Европа</a>, лежаща между <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Силезия">Силезия</a>, <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Саксония">Саксония</a>, <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Бавария">Бавария</a>, <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Австрия">Австрия</a> и <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Моравия">Моравия</a>, в междуречието на <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Одер">Одер</a> и <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Дунав">Дунав</a>, североизточно от <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BF%D0%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Алпи">Алпите</a>. <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Austria_hungary_1911.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Austria_hungary_1911.jpg/300px-Austria_hungary_1911.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Austria_hungary_1911.jpg/450px-Austria_hungary_1911.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Austria_hungary_1911.jpg/600px-Austria_hungary_1911.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1521" data-file-height="1155"></a> <figcaption> Етническа карта на Австро-Унгарската империя (<a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1911?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1911">1911</a>) </figcaption> </figure> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="bg" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Съдържание</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8_%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82">1 Праистория и Древност</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%B8_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5">2 Античност и Ранно средновековие</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B8_%D1%85%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5">3 Бохемско кралство и хуситско движение</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8">4 Хабсбурги</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D1%8A%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5">5 Чешко възраждане</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F">6 Независима Чехословакия</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0">7 Чешка република</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D1%82%D0%B5_%D1%81%D1%8A%D1%89%D0%BE">8 Вижте също</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8">9 Източници</a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <h2 id="Праистория_и_Древност">Праистория и Древност</h2> <a role="button" href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Редактиране на раздел: Праистория и Древност" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> редактиране </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> През <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Каменна епоха">Каменната</a> и <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Бронзова епоха">Бронзовата епоха</a> районът е населяван от <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%87%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Кроманьонски човек">граветски кроманьонци</a>, за което археологическо свидетелство е <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Вестоницка Венера (страницата не съществува)">Вестоницката Венера</a>. След тях там се установяват общностите <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%84%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Култура на фуниевидните чаши (страницата не съществува)">култура на фуниевидните чаши</a> и <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%88%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Култура на шнуровата керамика">Култура на шнуровата керамика и бойни брадви</a>, последвани от <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_(%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Унетицка култура (археология) (страницата не съществува)">унетицката</a> и <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_(%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Кновизска култура (археология) (страницата не съществува)">кновизската култура</a>. Разкрити са находки, датиращи от <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Желязна епоха">Желязната епоха</a>, които говорят за поселения от типа на <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%89%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Халщатска култура">Халщатската култура</a>. </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <h2 id="Античност_и_Ранно_средновековие">Античност и Ранно средновековие</h2> <a role="button" href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Редактиране на раздел: Античност и Ранно средновековие" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> редактиране </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> Историческите данни за <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Стопанство">стопанството</a>, <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Политика">политиката</a> и <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Култура">културата</a> на <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Чехия">чешките земи</a> са оскъдни за периода преди X век, който неслучайно е наричан <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ранно средновековие">Тъмните векове</a>. Авторитетни и обосновани източници датират след <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Християнство">християнизацията</a> и след <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Велеград">мисията на</a> <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Кирил и Методий">Кирил и Методий</a> във <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Великоморавия">Великоморавия</a>. До <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/V_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="V век">V</a>–<a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/VI_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="VI век">VI век</a> териториите на днешна Чехия са населени последователно от <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Келти">келти</a> (<a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B8_(%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Бои (народност)">бойи</a>), <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Маркомани">маркомани</a>, <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Квади">квади</a> и <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Лангобарди">лангобарди</a>. Последните три племена са от групата на германските племена, а германски колнисти продължават да се заселват в чешките земи в следващите столетия, което оставя траен белег върху политическите събития и културата на района. Той е масово заселен с преобладаващо <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Славяни">славянски</a> племена, като първи данни за това има от 535 г. През периода 623 – 658 г. в чешките земи преживява за кратко т.нар. <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Държава на Само">Държава на Са̀мо</a> – своеобразен родово-общинен и търговски съюз, основан от полулегендарен <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Франки">франкски</a> търговец на име Са̀мо. За истинска държавност <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Река">по поречието на</a> <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0_(%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Морава (Централна Европа)">Морава</a> може да се говори с възникването на Моравското княжество и Великоморавия, просъществували в периода 833 – 907 г. Тогава с Кирило-Методиевата мисия започва и приобщаването на чехите към християнската култура. Още от края на <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/IX_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="IX век">IX век</a> на територията на бъдещото <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Бохемия">Чешко княжество</a> възникват две племенни обединения: <ul> <li>Чешки – в северозападните земи, с център <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Прага">Прага</a>: оглавен от <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Княз">князе</a> от <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%86%D0%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Пршемисловци">рода Пшемисловичи</a> – първата владетелска династия на <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Бохемия">Бохемия</a>;</li> <li>Зличански – в югоизточните земи, с център <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Либице (страницата не съществува)">Либице</a>: начело с князе от <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%86%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Славниковци (страницата не съществува)">рода Славниковичи</a>;</li> </ul> Периодът на <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/X_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="X век">X</a> и <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/XI_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="XI век">XI век</a> е белязан от опитите на князете наложат хегемонията си над родовата аристокрация. Борбата се изостря особено по времето на князете <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2_I_%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Болеслав I Страшни">Болеслав I Страшни</a> (935 – 967) и <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2_II_%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Болеслав II Благочестиви">Болеслав II Благочестиви</a> (967 – 999) и като резултат от нея към 999 г. бива изтребен целият род на Славниковичите, а Либице е разрушен. През същия период расте натискът от страна на <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Източнофранкско кралство">Източнофранкското кралство</a> и последователно князете <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2_I_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Вацлав I Свети">Вацлав I</a> и Болеслав Страшни признават зависимостта си съответно от <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85_I_%D0%9F%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Хайнрих I Птицелов">Хайнрих I</a> и <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_I?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Отон I">Отон I</a>. През 973 г. епископството в Прага е подчинено на германската митрополия в <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Майнц">Могунция</a>. По времето на княз <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2_I_(%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Бретислав I (Бохемия)">Бржетислав I</a> (1034 – 1055) е законово формулирано чешкото <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Феодализъм">обичайно право</a> и са фиксирани принципите на <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Васал">сеньориалните</a> отношения между чешкия княз и германо-римския император като през 1086 г. император <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85_IV_(%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Хайнрих IV (Свещена Римска империя)">Хайнрих IV</a> дарява пожизнена <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Крал">кралска титла</a> на <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%92%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2_II_(%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Вратислав II (Бохемия)">Вратислав II</a> (1061 – 1092). Към края на XI в. старата родова аристокрация (лѐхите) са окончателно заменени с нова военно-служебна и постепенно феодализираща се аристокрация, тясно свързана с княжеската власт. Бохемия присъединява <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Моравия">Моравия</a> през 1029 година след конфликт с маджарите и поляците. Моравия обаче остава <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Маркграфство Моравия">отделно маркграфство</a> управлявано от по-младия син на бохемския крал, и двете територии на няколко пъти биват разделяни заради сложната династична уредба помежду им. В тези периоди Моравия попада под директното управление на свещения римски император или Унгария. Тя остава и настрана по време на вътрешните конфликти и религиозни борби на Бохемия. </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <h2 id="Бохемско_кралство_и_хуситско_движение"><span id=".D0.91.D0.BE.D1.85.D0.B5.D0.BC.D1.81.D0.BA.D0.BE_.D0.BA.D1.80.D0.B0.D0.BB.D1.81.D1.82.D0.B2.D0.BE_.D0.B8_.D1.85.D1.83.D1.81.D0.B8.D1.82.D1.81.D0.BA.D0.BE_.D0.B4.D0.B2.D0.B8.D0.B6.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.B8.D0.B5">Бохемско кралство и хуситско движение</h2> <a role="button" href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Редактиране на раздел: Бохемско кралство и хуситско движение" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> редактиране </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <dl> <dd> <div class="dablink noprint"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/17px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 17px;height: 17px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/17px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="17" data-height="17" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/26px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/34px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  Основни статии: <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Бохемско кралство">Бохемско кралство</a> и <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Хусити">Хусити</a> </div> </dd> <dd> <div class="dablink noprint"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/17px-Vista-xmag.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 17px;height: 17px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/17px-Vista-xmag.png" data-alt="" data-width="17" data-height="17" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/26px-Vista-xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/34px-Vista-xmag.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  Вижте също: <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Земи на Чешката корона">Земи на Чешката корона</a> </div> </dd> </dl> Великоморавия се разпада около 907 година с нашествието на <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Маджари">маджарите</a> в региона. Така чешките племена в Бохемия се отцепват от тези в Моравия, които остават под маджарски контрол. Чехите се сближават с франките и така през 10 век се заражда <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Бохемско кралство">Бохемското кралство</a>, докато моравските племена претърпяват промени под дългото маджарско управление и с времето развиват словашка иденичност.<a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-1">[1]</a> През 950 година владетелят на <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Свещената Римска империя">Свещената Римска империя</a> <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%82%D0%BE_I_(%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ото I (Свещена Римска империя)">Ото I</a> нахлува в кралството и настоява неговият владетел <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2_I_%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Болеслав I Страшни">Болеслав I Страшни</a> да плаща данък на императора.<a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%D0%A1%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE-2">[2]</a> Така Бохемското кралство се превръща в субект на империята, а кралят му става един от седемте <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D1%84%D1%8E%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Курфюрст">курфюрсти</a> в изборната ѝ колегия. Императорите използват католическата църква за да прокарват германско влияние в Бохемия, например с подчиняването на Пражката епископия под архиепископията на <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Майнц">Майнц</a> през 973. Бохемската династия на <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%86%D0%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Пршемисловци">Пршемисловците</a> използва статута на кралството, за да подсили позициите си в борбата срещу местната аристокрация.<a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%D0%A1%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE-2">[2]</a> Бохемия присъединява Моравия през 1029 година след конфликт с маджарите и поляците.<a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%D0%A1%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE-2">[2]</a> Моравия обаче остава <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Маркграфство Моравия">отделно маркграфство</a> управлявано от по-младия син на бохемския крал, и двете територии на няколко пъти биват разделяни заради сложната династична уредба помежду им. В тези периоди Моравия попада под директното управление на свещения римски император или Унгария. Тя остава и настрана по време на вътрешните конфликти и религиозни борби на Бохемия.<a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%D0%A1%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE-2">[2]</a> През 1212 година крал <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80_I_(%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Отокар I (Бохемия)">Отокар I</a> изисква от императора златна була, с която потвърждава монархическия статут на себе си и наследниците си, и по този начин слага край на имперската политика бохемският крал да бъде одобряван предварително.<a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE-3">[3]</a> В средата на 13 век кралството навлиза във възход. Това се дължи на отслабналата императорска власт заради усложнената политика в <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Средиземноморие">Средиземноморието</a> и борбата за трона. Благодарение на брака си с принцеса Маргарет от изчезващите <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Бабенберги">Бабенберги</a>, крал <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80_II_(%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Отокар II (Бохемия)">Отокар II</a> става херцог на Австрия, а по-късно установява контрол и върху <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A9%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Щирия">Щирия</a>, <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Каринтия">Каринтия</a> и <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Карниола">Карниола</a><a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE-3">[3]</a>. Бохемското управление над тези земи обаче е краткотрайно заради походите на <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%84_I_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Рудолф I Хабсбург">Рудолф I Хабсбург</a>, който ги завзема в края на 13 век. В началото на 14 век Бохемия преживява мащабна немска имиграция, в рамките на която чешката аристокрация започва да сключва бракове с немски благороднически фамилии. Немците донасят и своя правна уредба (jus teutonicum), която става основа на по-късното бохемско-моравско търговско право.<a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE-3">[3]</a> На трона през 14 век се възкачва династията на <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Люксембурги">Люксембургите</a>, чийто най-виден представител е <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_IV_(%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Карл IV (Свещена Римска империя)">Карл IV</a>. Той управлява между 1347 и 1378 година и дава началото на златна епоха в Бохемското кралство. Сред постиженията му са успешна реформа в провинциалната админстрация, васализиране на <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Бранденбург">Бранденбург</a>, <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Лузатия (страницата не съществува)">Лузатия</a> и <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Силезия">Силезия</a> и ограничаване властта на аристокрацията.<a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%D0%97%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA-4">[4]</a> Заедно с това той освобождава Пражката епископия от контрола на Майнц и я прави архиепископия с правото да коронясва бохемските крале; през 1355 той самият става свещен римски император и на следващата година издава <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0_(1356)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Златна була (1356)">нова златна була</a>, която регламентира в детайл изборът на императора от курфюрстите.<a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%D0%97%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA-4">[4]</a> Булата прекратява васалния статут на чешките крале спрямо императора. Друго забележително постижение на Карл са мащабните строежи в Прага, включително основаването на <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Карлов университет">Карловия университет</a> през 1348.<a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%D0%97%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA-4">[4]</a> В него бързо започва да се оформя чешката идентичност, а заедно с нея и реформаторски дух.<a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%D0%97%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA-4">[4]</a> През 1403 година ректор на университета става <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D1%83%D1%81?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ян Хус">Ян Хус</a>.<a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%D0%A5%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5-5">[5]</a> Неговото антипапско, антийерархично разбиране за християнството спечелва поддръжници сред чехите в университета, но германците и прогерманският крал <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2_IV?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Вацлав IV">Вацлав IV</a> (1378 – 1419) му се противопоставят. Изгарянето на Хус на клада през 1419 довежда до <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Пражка дефенестрация">Първата пражка дефенестрация</a> и началото на <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Хуситски войни">Хуситските войни</a>, завършили с разбиването на <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Таборити">таборитите</a> (радикални хусити) <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Битка при Липан">край Липан</a> през 1434.<a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%D0%A5%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5-5">[5]</a> За крал на Бохемия е провъзгласен <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Сигизмунд Люксембургски">Сигизмунд Люксембургски</a>, но той умира четири години по-късно без мъжки наследник. Следва поредица от кратко управлявали монарси, която приключва през 1458 с избирането на умерения хусит–<a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Каликстинци">каликстинец</a> <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B8_(%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Иржи (Подебради)">Иржи Подебрадски</a> от чешките съсловия. Кралят успява да обедини остатъците от таборитите и реформираната чешка католическа църква, но управлението му така и не е признато от папата.<a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%D0%A5%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5-5">[5]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <h2 id="Хабсбурги">Хабсбурги</h2> <a role="button" href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Редактиране на раздел: Хабсбурги" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> редактиране </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <dl> <dd> <div class="dablink noprint"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/17px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 17px;height: 17px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/17px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="17" data-height="17" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/26px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/34px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  Основна статия: <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Хабсбурги">Хабсбурги</a> </div> </dd> </dl> След смъртта на Иржи властта над Бохемия попада в ръцете на полските <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ягелони">ягелонски</a> крале <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE_II?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Уласло II">Уласло II</a> (1471 – 1506) и <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D1%88_II?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Лайош II">Лайош II</a> (1506 – 1526), които същевременно са владетели и на Унгария, Полша и Хърватия. Те не посещават Бохемия и в този период властта е практически в ръцете на чешката аристокрация, но управлението им трае кратко. Лайош е убит от турците в <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%87_(1526)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Битка при Мохач (1526)">битката при Мохач</a> и така ягелоните губят управлението си над Бохемия и маркграфство Моравия, които попадат под <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Хабсбурги">Хабсбургски</a> контрол.<a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%D0%A5%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5-5">[5]</a> За разлика от населените с крепостни селяни и доминирани от унгарците словашки земи, Бохемия има ясно определени съсловия, които са готови да защитават своите свободи. Те влизат в дълготраен конфликт с хабсбургската монархия, която се стреми към централизация.<a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%B8_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8-6">[6]</a> Тя започва под крал <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4_I_(%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Фердинанд I (Свещена Римска империя)">Фердинанд I</a> (1526 – 1564), който се възползва от неспособността на бохемските съсловия да изберат свой монарх и установява наследствена власт на хабсбургите.<a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%D0%9F%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8A%D1%81%D1%8A%D1%86%D0%B8-7">[7]</a> Управлението му е белязано от дълбоки религиозни сблъсъци между хуситите и бохемските католици (чехи и немци). С началото на <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Реформация">Реформацията</a> голяма част от немското градско население възприема <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Лютеранство">лютеранската</a> и <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Калвинизъм">калвинистката</a> доктрина, което усложнява този вътрешен конфликт и предизвиква разцепление сред хуситите, част от които се съюзяват с немците-протестанти.<a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%D0%9F%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8A%D1%81%D1%8A%D1%86%D0%B8-7">[7]</a> През 1546 протестантите в цяла Германия образуват съюз срещу свещения римски император <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_V?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Карл V">Карл V</a>, брат на Фердинанд. Чехите и протестантите в Бохемия симпатизират на съюза и през 1547 влизат във въоръжен конфликт с краля. Въстанието им обаче е смазано, цялата собственост на хуситите е конфискувана, а водачите на бунта биват затворени. Фердинанд започва усилено да налага католицизма чрез изпращането на <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%99%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Йезуити">йезуитски</a> мисионери и отварянето на йезуитска школа в Прага.<a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%D0%9F%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8A%D1%81%D1%8A%D1%86%D0%B8-7">[7]</a> В началото на 17 век противопоставянето между чехите и хабсбургите, както и между католици и реформираната църква, започва да се разгаря отново.<a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%89%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F-8">[8]</a> През 1618 година двама католически имперски съветници са хвърлени от прозорец на Пражкия замък (<a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Пражка дефенестрация">Втора пражка дефенестрация</a>), с което е дадено началото на нов бунт срещу хабсбургите, както и на опустошителната <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Тридесетгодишна война">Тридесетгодишна война</a>. Бохемските съсловия събират армия, разпореждат изгонването на йезуитите и обявяват бохемския престол за избираем. Съсловията са сразени от имперско-испанската войска в <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%91%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Битка при Бялата планина">Белогорската битка</a> на 8 ноември 1620.<a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%89%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F-8">[8]</a> Разгромът в този сблъсък има дълбоки последици за Бохемия. Много чешки благородници са екзекутирани, почти всички останали напускат Бохемия, а имотите им са конфискувани. Голяма част от протестантите също емигрират, Карловият университет е слят с йезуитската школа, всички некатолически свещеници за изгонени, събранията на Бохемия и Моравия са разтурени, и всички чешки земи стават наследствена собственост на хабсбургската фамилия.<a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%82_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0-9">[9]</a> По този начин Бохемското кралство е практически ликвидирано. С приключването на Тридесетгодишната война през 1648 е юридически потвърден статутът на Бохемия като част от хабсбургска монархия със седалище във <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Виена">Виена</a>, и така автономната чешка аристокрация, реформирана църква и обособена култура биват почти изцяло загубени.<a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%82_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0-9">[9]</a> В периода на <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Просветен абсолютизъм">просветен абсолютизъм</a> при <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Мария Терезия (Свещена Римска империя)">Мария Терезия</a> (1740 – 1780) се провежда германизация на образованието и са отнети последните привилегии на оцелялата аристокрация.<a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC-10">[10]</a> Императрицата обаче провежда и редица реформи, които повишават социалната мобилност и икономическите дейности в Бохемия. Образованието започва да обръща повече внимание на науките, отколкото на религията, съкратени са <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Феодализъм">феодалните</a> структури и аристокрацията започва да инвестира печалбите от своите земи в производството на текстил, въглища и стъкло. Хабсбургският абсолютизъм непреднамерено създава условията за зараждане на чешко национално движение.<a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC-10">[10]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <h2 id="Чешко_възраждане">Чешко възраждане</h2> <a role="button" href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Редактиране на раздел: Чешко възраждане" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> редактиране </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <dl> <dd> <div class="dablink noprint"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/17px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 17px;height: 17px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/17px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="17" data-height="17" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/26px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/34px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  Основна статия: <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D1%8A%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Чешко национално възраждане">Чешко национално възраждане</a> </div> </dd> <dd> <div class="dablink noprint"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/17px-Vista-xmag.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 17px;height: 17px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/17px-Vista-xmag.png" data-alt="" data-width="17" data-height="17" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/26px-Vista-xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/34px-Vista-xmag.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  Вижте също: <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE-%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Австро-Унгария">Австро-Унгария</a> </div> </dd> </dl> Под влиянието на <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Френската революция">Френската революция</a> и императорските реформи в края на 18 век в Европа започва да се заражда <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Национализъм">национализма</a>. Възникването на идеята за <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Нация">нация</a>, обединение по езиков и културен признак, полага основите на борба за политическо обособяване сред подчинените народи. В Бохемия, където аристокрацията е германизирана или от германски етнос, възраждането е дело на интелигенция от селски произход.<a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D1%8A%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5-11">[11]</a> През 1791 година във Фердинанд-Карловия университет е създаден отдел за чешки език и литература. Тъй като чешкият е оцелял единствено сред селското население, учените <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%84_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Йозеф Добровски">Йозеф Добровски</a> и <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%84_%D0%AE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Йозеф Юнгман">Йозеф Юнгман</a> предприемат първите стъпки да го кодифицират и пригодят за образователна и книжовна употреба. Благодарение на техните усилия се възраждат чешката литература и четенето.<a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D1%8A%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5-11">[11]</a> С основаването на <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9_(%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Национален музей (Прага)">Националния музей</a> през 1818 година, възраждането придобива институционален характер. През 1827 г. музеят започва да издава свое националистическо списание, а три години по-късно към него е присъединена книжовната организация <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Матице Чешка (страницата не съществува)">Матице Чешка</a>. Кръгът от интелектуалци и учени около музея започват да установяват контакти с другите славянски народи и полагат усилия да превърнат Прага в интелектуалната столица на всички славяни.<a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D1%8A%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5-11">[11]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Prag_Museum_1900.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Prag_Museum_1900.jpg/220px-Prag_Museum_1900.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="2576"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 162px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Prag_Museum_1900.jpg/220px-Prag_Museum_1900.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="162" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Prag_Museum_1900.jpg/330px-Prag_Museum_1900.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Prag_Museum_1900.jpg/440px-Prag_Museum_1900.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Националният музей в Прага към 1900 г. </figcaption> </figure> Сред най-видните възрожденски учени е <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Франтишек Палацки">Франтишек Палацки</a>.<a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D1%8A%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5-11">[11]</a> Вдъхновен от националистическия дух на хуситската традиция, той написва 5-томна История на чешкия народ с акцент върху борбата на чехите за свобода. На базата на своите трудове той изработва и политическа платформа за културно възраждане и става негов идеологически водач.<a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D1%8A%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5-11">[11]</a> При управлението на <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4_I_(%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Фердинанд I (Австрия)">Фердинанд I</a> (1830 – 1848), Палацки се обявява за запазването на <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Австрийска империя">Австрийската империя</a>, но с обособяването на автономия за славяните, които са мнозинство в империята.<a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%82_1848-12">[12]</a> Когато <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_(1848)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Френска революция (1848)">Февруарската революция</a> през 1848 дава началото на „Пролетта на народите“, чешкото възраждане се превръща в политическо движение. Паралелно на него се развива и словашко политическо движение, обосновано повече на протестантската религия. И двата народа обаче срещат отпора съответно на германците и унгарците, които сами по себе си са под влиянието на силен национализъм.<a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%82_1848-12">[12]</a> Пролетта на народите отслабва Австрийската империя и Хабсбургите. Император <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86_%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%84_(%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Франц Йосиф (Австрия)">Франц Йосиф</a> (1848 – 1916) прави опит да задържи всички националности под контрол, но през 1859 хабсбургската династия губи Италия, а през 1866 е победена от <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Прусия">Прусия</a> и изгонена от <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%8A%D1%8E%D0%B7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Германски съюз">Германския съюз</a>. През 1867 той сключва съюз с Унгария, създавайки двойната монархия <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE-%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Австро-Унгария">Австро-Унгария</a>. Системата не решава националния въпрос.<a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0-13">[13]</a> Около началото на 20 век сред чехите и словаците започва да кристализира идеята за чехословашка държава, обединяваща исканията им за автономия.<a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%8F-14">[14]</a> С избухването на <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Първата световна война">Първата световна война</a> през 1914, двата народа не проявяват ентусиазъм да се сражават срещу славянските народи на Русия и Сърбия. През 1916 депутатът в австрийския парламент <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Томаш Масарик">Томаш Масарик</a>, интелектуалецът <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%88?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Едвард Бенеш">Едвард Бенеш</a> и словашкият офицер на френска служба <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A9%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Милан Щефаник (страницата не съществува)">Милан Щефаник</a> създават Чехословашкия национален съвет.<a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-15">[15]</a> С помощта на доброволческите <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Чехословашки легиони">Чехословашки легиони</a> и подкрепата на <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Антантата">Антантата</a>, съветът обявява независимост за Чехословакия в края на 1918 година.<a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%D0%9F%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0-16">[16]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <h2 id="Независима_Чехословакия">Независима Чехословакия</h2> <a role="button" href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Редактиране на раздел: Независима Чехословакия" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> редактиране </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <dl> <dd> <div class="dablink noprint"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/17px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 17px;height: 17px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/17px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="17" data-height="17" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/26px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/34px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  Основна статия: <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Чехословакия">Чехословакия</a> </div> </dd> <dd> <div class="dablink noprint"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/17px-Vista-xmag.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 17px;height: 17px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/17px-Vista-xmag.png" data-alt="" data-width="17" data-height="17" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/26px-Vista-xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/34px-Vista-xmag.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  Вижте също: <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Мюнхенско споразумение">Мюнхенско споразумение</a>, <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Протекторат Бохемия и Моравия">Протекторат Бохемия и Моравия</a> и <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Пражка пролет">Пражка пролет</a> </div> </dd> </dl> След обявяването на независимост на 28 октомври, Чехословашкият национален съвет свиква народно събрание на 14 ноември. Поради невъзможността да се насрочат избори и определят граници, народното събрание е учредено на базата на австрийските парламентарни избори от 1911 с добавени 54-ма словашки депутати.<a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0-17">[17]</a> То избира и Томаш Масарик за <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Президент">президент</a>, <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Карел Крамар (страницата не съществува)">Карел Крамар</a> за премиер и Едвард Бенеш за външен министър. На Парижката конференция през януари 1919 са одобрени всички териториални искания на Чехословакия – Бохемия, Моравия, Силезия, Словакия и <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Рутения">Рутения</a>, чрез която чехословашкото правителство създава граница с <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%8A%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Румъния">Румъния</a>. Единствено искът за присъединяване на Лузатия е отхвърлен. През септември същата година Чехословакия гарантира и правата на малцинствените судетски немци и унгарци.<a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0-17">[17]</a> Новата държава има население от 13,5 милиона души и наследява почти 80% от промишлената база на Австро-Унгария, включително фабриките за порцелан и стъкло, над 40% от пивоварните, заводите Шкода за оръжия, локомотиви, автомобили и машини, и химическата промишленост.<a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0-17">[17]</a> По това време Чехословакия е сред десетте най-индустриализирани страни в света. По-голямата част от фабриките обаче се намират в <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Судетска област">Судетската област</a> под контрола на немски предприемачи и финансирани от немски банки, докато чехите притежават само 1/3 от промишлеността.<a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0-17">[17]</a> Словакия е значително по-изостанала и 60% от населението в нея е заето в селското стопанство. Въпреки демократичната конституция, централизираната структура на страната се оказва неподходяща за управление на немските малцинства и словаците, които искат автономия в рамките на Чехословакия.<a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0-17">[17]</a> През 20-те и 30-те години в Словакия тихо набират скорост полувоенни групировки на Словашката народна партия (СНП), която симпатизира на фашистка Италия и <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Нацистка Германия">нацистка Германия</a>.<a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F-18">[18]</a> Едвард Бенеш обаче поддържа прозападна ориентация и се опасява силно от германска агресия. Той спомага за създаването на т.нар. <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Малка Антанта">Малка Антанта</a> с Югославия и Румъния през 1921, чиято цел е да възпира опитите за унгарска експанзия или хабсбургска реставрация.<a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%D0%92%D1%8A%D0%BD%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%88-19">[19]</a> Бенеш се опитва да влезе в система от съюзи с <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Великобритания">Великобритания</a> и <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Франция">Франция</a>, но британците проявяват незаинтересованост. С идването на <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%84_%D0%A5%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Адолф Хитлер">Адолф Хитлер</a> на власт в Германия през 1933, в Европа се надига страх от немска експанзия. Бенеш успява да договори отбранителен съюз с Франция и <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="СССР">СССР</a>, но условието за съветска намеса е Франция първа да изпрати войски в помощ на Чехословакия.<a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%D0%92%D1%8A%D0%BD%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%88-19">[19]</a> През 1938 Хитлер анексира Австрия чрез <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%88%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%81?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Аншлус">аншлус</a> и на 15 септември настоява Судетите да бъдат предадени на Германия. Бенеш отказва, но Великобритания и Франция не желаят война и поставят ултиматум на чехословашкото правителство, което е принудено да отстъпи.<a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%D0%9C%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BD-20">[20]</a> При подписването на <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Мюнхенско споразумение">Мюнхенското споразумение</a> между Германия, Италия, Великобритания и Франция чехословашки представители не поканени. Споразумението дава и част от Словакия на Унгария, както и част от Закарпатска Украйна (Рутения) на Полша.<a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%D0%9C%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BD-20">[20]</a> Останалата без отбрана и промишленост Чехословакия капитулира пред немската инвазия на 15 март 1939 без да окаже съпротива, а Унгария окупира остатъците от Закарпатска Украйна след кратки сражения.<a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%D0%92%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0-21">[21]</a> Германия организира териториите в протекторат <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Бохемия и Моравия">Бохемия и Моравия</a>, а Словакия се отделя като <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Първа словашка република">колаборационистка страна</a> под фашисткото управление на СНП. Окупаторите впрягат населението на протектората в труд в полза на германската военна машина. Между 36 000 и 55 000 души загиват от репресии или в концентрационни лагери, а 118-хилядното еврейско население е практически унищожено.<a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8-22">[22]</a> През април 1945 Червената армия освобождава Чехословакия и така страната е възстановена под съвместното управление на комунистическата партия (ЧКП) и завърналото се от изгнание правителство на Бенеш.<a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5-23">[23]</a> Разочарованите от Запада чехословаци възприемат положително ЧКП и сближаването с СССР. Комунистите печелят изборите през май 1946 с 38% от гласовете, а членството в партията е нараснало от 27 000 на 1,1 милиона души само за една година. ЧКП поема ключови министерства, но Бенеш и <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ян Масарик">Ян Масарик</a> остават съответно президент и външен министър.<a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5-23">[23]</a> През 1947 комунистите одобряват среща на правителството със западни представители за обсъждане на <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="План Маршал">плана Маршал</a>. <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%84_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Йосиф Сталин">Йосиф Сталин</a> обаче се противопоставя на плана и привиква генералния секретар на ЧКП <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Клемент Готвалд">Клемент Готвалд</a> в Москва. Впоследствие преговорите са отменени и започва постепенна радикализация на партийната политика. В крайна сметка всички некомунистически кадри са изхвърлени от министерствата, налага се икономически модел от съветски тип и ЧКП установява пълен контрол върху политиката на страната.<a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5-23">[23]</a> <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%BC_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="За култа към личността и неговите последици">Тайната реч</a> на новия съветски ръководител <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A5%D1%80%D1%83%D1%88%D1%87%D0%BE%D0%B2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Никита Хрушчов">Никита Хрушчов</a> довежда до демонстрации на чехословашки писатели и студенти с искания за свобода от политически репресии и свобода на словото. Вълненията са потушени и ЧКП налага неосталинистка линия, на практика игнорирайки политиката на Хрушчов за <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Десталинизация">десталинизация</a>.<a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5-24">[24]</a> В началото на 1960-те икономиката започва да буксува, а Москва притиска ЧКП да следва новия политически курс. Със смяната на поколенията в партията се появяват умерени комунисти и реформатори, които подлагат на критика част от досегашните политики и изготвят програма за преориентиране на икономиката към интензивно развитие, децентрализация и отваряне към Запада.<a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5-24">[24]</a> Движението е оглавявано от <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8A%D1%80_%D0%94%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Александър Дубчек">Александър Дубчек</a> и е известно като <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Пражка пролет">Пражка пролет</a>, като целта му е да изгради „социализъм с човешко лице“. Съветският съюз под ръководството на <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Леонид Брежнев">Леонид Брежнев</a> обаче не допуска отслабването на съветското влияние и заедно със страните от <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Варшавския договор">Варшавския договор</a> окупира Чехословакия <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%94%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Операция Дунав">през август 1968</a>, слагайки край на движението.<a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F-25">[25]</a> Последвалите политически репресии и връщане към стриктния планов икономически модел налагат обществен конформизъм и упадък на стандарта на живот през 1970-те и 1980-те години.<a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE-26">[26]</a> Комунистическото управление приключва с т.нар. <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Нежна революция">Нежна революция</a> в края на 1989 година.<a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-VR25-27">[27]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <h2 id="Чешка_република">Чешка република</h2> <a role="button" href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Редактиране на раздел: Чешка република" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> редактиране </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> Нежната революция предизвиква ЧКП да отстъпи властта. В Чехословакия на власт идва демократично избрано правителство, в което президент е <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Вацлав Хавел">Вацлав Хавел</a>, а федерален говорител е Александър Дубчек.<a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-VR25-27">[27]</a> Скоро след промените обаче в Словакия започва да се надига национализъм. На федерално ниво се появяват политически фигури като <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2_%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%81?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Вацлав Клаус">Вацлав Клаус</a> и <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Владимир Мечар (страницата не съществува)">Владимир Мечар</a> с различни виждания за бъдещото развитие на страната. Близо 2,5 милиона чехословаци се подписват в петиция за референдум дали страната да остане единна, но политическата класа пренебрегва това искане. Така на януари 1993 Чехословакия престава да съществува и от нея се образуват Словакия и Чехия.<a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-28">[28]</a> През <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1999?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1999">1999</a> г. Чехия, заедно с Унгария и Полша, е приета в състава на <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%90%D0%A2%D0%9E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="НАТО">НАТО</a>. Така за първи път военната организация приема страни, които преди това са били нейни врагове. Това разширяване предизвиква недоволството на <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Русия">Русия</a>, но руският президент <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%95%D0%BB%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Борис Елцин">Борис Елцин</a> в крайна сметка отстъпва и се създава група за сътрудничество между алианса и Москва.<a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-29">[29]</a> На <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1 май">1 май</a> <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2004?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2004">2004</a> година Чехия е част от 10-те страни, присъединили се към <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%8A%D1%8E%D0%B7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Европейски съюз">Европейския съюз</a>.<a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-30">[30]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"> <h2 id="Вижте_също">Вижте също</h2> <a role="button" href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Редактиране на раздел: Вижте също" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> редактиране </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <ul> <li><a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%BA_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Списък на владетелите на Чехия">Списък на владетелите на Чехия</a></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"> <h2 id="Източници">Източници</h2> <a role="button" href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Редактиране на раздел: Източници" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> редактиране </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Маджарско_нашествие-1"><a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5_1-0">↑</a> <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREF%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5">Маджарско нашествие </a>.</li> <li id="cite_note-Създаване_на_Бохемското_кралство-2">↑ <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%D0%A1%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_2-0">а</a> <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%D0%A1%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_2-1">б</a> <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%D0%A1%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_2-2">в</a> <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%D0%A1%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_2-3">г</a> <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREF%D0%A1%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE">Създаване на Бохемското кралство </a>.</li> <li id="cite_note-Разрастване_на_кралството-3">↑ <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE_3-0">а</a> <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE_3-1">б</a> <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE_3-2">в</a> <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREF%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE">Разрастване на кралството </a>.</li> <li id="cite_note-Златен_век-4">↑ <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%D0%97%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA_4-0">а</a> <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%D0%97%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA_4-1">б</a> <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%D0%97%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA_4-2">в</a> <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%D0%97%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA_4-3">г</a> <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREF%D0%97%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA">Златен век </a>.</li> <li id="cite_note-Хуситско_движение-5">↑ <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%D0%A5%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_5-0">а</a> <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%D0%A5%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_5-1">б</a> <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%D0%A5%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_5-2">в</a> <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%D0%A5%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_5-3">г</a> <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREF%D0%A5%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5">Хуситско движение </a>.</li> <li id="cite_note-Хабсбургите_и_чехословашките_земи-6"><a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%B8_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8_6-0">↑</a> <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREF%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%B8_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8">Хабсбургите и чехословашките земи </a>.</li> <li id="cite_note-Първи_сблъсъци-7">↑ <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%D0%9F%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8A%D1%81%D1%8A%D1%86%D0%B8_7-0">а</a> <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%D0%9F%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8A%D1%81%D1%8A%D1%86%D0%B8_7-1">б</a> <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%D0%9F%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8A%D1%81%D1%8A%D1%86%D0%B8_7-2">в</a> <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREF%D0%9F%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8A%D1%81%D1%8A%D1%86%D0%B8">Първи сблъсъци </a>.</li> <li id="cite_note-Решаващи_сражения-8">↑ <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%89%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_8-0">а</a> <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%89%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_8-1">б</a> <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREF%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%89%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F">Решаващи сражения </a>.</li> <li id="cite_note-Последици_от_разгрома-9">↑ <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%82_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0_9-0">а</a> <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%82_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0_9-1">б</a> <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREF%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%82_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0">Последици от разгрома </a>.</li> <li id="cite_note-Просветен_абсолютизъм-10">↑ <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC_10-0">а</a> <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC_10-1">б</a> <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREF%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC">Просветен абсолютизъм </a>.</li> <li id="cite_note-Национално_възраждане-11">↑ <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D1%8A%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_11-0">а</a> <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D1%8A%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_11-1">б</a> <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D1%8A%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_11-2">в</a> <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D1%8A%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_11-3">г</a> <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D1%8A%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_11-4">д</a> <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREF%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D1%8A%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5">Национално възраждане </a>.</li> <li id="cite_note-Революции_от_1848-12">↑ <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%82_1848_12-0">а</a> <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%82_1848_12-1">б</a> <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREF%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%82_1848">Революции от 1848 </a>.</li> <li id="cite_note-Формиране_на_дуалната_система-13"><a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_13-0">↑</a> <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREF%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0">Формиране на дуалната система </a>.</li> <li id="cite_note-Чехословашката_идея-14"><a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%8F_14-0">↑</a> <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREF%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%8F">Чехословашката идея </a>.</li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-15">↑</a> PRECLÍK, Vratislav. Masaryk a legie (Масарик и Легии), Ваз. Книга, váz. kniha, 219 str., vydalo nakladatelství Paris Karviná, Žižkova 2379 (734 01 Karviná, CZ) ve spolupráci s Masarykovým demokratickým hnutím (изданная издательством „Пари Карвина“, „Зишкова 2379“ 734 01 Карвин, в сотрудничестве с демократическим движением Масарика, Прага), 2019, <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8/9788087173473?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-80-87173-47-3</a>, str. 125 – 131 </li> <li id="cite_note-Първа_световна_война-16"><a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%D0%9F%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0_16-0">↑</a> <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREF%D0%9F%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0">Първа световна война </a>.</li> <li id="cite_note-Особености_на_новата_държава-17">↑ <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0_17-0">а</a> <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0_17-1">б</a> <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0_17-2">в</a> <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0_17-3">г</a> <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0_17-4">д</a> <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREF%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0">Особености на новата държава </a>.</li> <li id="cite_note-Словашка_автономия-18"><a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F_18-0">↑</a> <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREF%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F">Словашка автономия </a>.</li> <li id="cite_note-Външната_политика_на_Бенеш-19">↑ <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%D0%92%D1%8A%D0%BD%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%88_19-0">а</a> <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%D0%92%D1%8A%D0%BD%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%88_19-1">б</a> <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREF%D0%92%D1%8A%D0%BD%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%88">Външната политика на Бенеш </a>.</li> <li id="cite_note-Мюнхен-20">↑ <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%D0%9C%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BD_20-0">а</a> <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%D0%9C%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BD_20-1">б</a> <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREF%D0%9C%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BD">Мюнхен </a>.</li> <li id="cite_note-Втора_република-21"><a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%D0%92%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_21-0">↑</a> <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREF%D0%92%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0">Втора република </a>.</li> <li id="cite_note-Военни_години-22"><a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8_22-0">↑</a> <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREF%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8">Военни години </a>.</li> <li id="cite_note-Трета_република_и_комунистическо_управление-23">↑ <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_23-0">а</a> <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_23-1">б</a> <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_23-2">в</a> <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREF%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5">Трета република и комунистическо управление </a>.</li> <li id="cite_note-Реформаторското_движение-24">↑ <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_24-0">а</a> <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_24-1">б</a> <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREF%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5">Реформаторското движение </a>.</li> <li id="cite_note-Интервенция-25"><a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_25-0">↑</a> <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREF%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F">Интервенция </a>.</li> <li id="cite_note-Запазване_на_статуквото-26"><a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE_26-0">↑</a> <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREF%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE">Запазване на статуквото </a>.</li> <li id="cite_note-VR25-27">↑ <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-VR25_27-0">а</a> <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-VR25_27-1">б</a> <cite id="CITEREFBBC_News17_ноември_2014" class="book" style="font-style:normal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-30059011">Czech Republic Slovakia: Velvet Revolution at 25</a> // BBC News, 17 ноември 2014. Посетен на 17 февруари 2015.</cite></li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-28">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFThe_New_York_Times1_януари_1993" class="book" style="font-style:normal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.nytimes.com/1993/01/01/world/czechoslovakia-breaks-in-two-to-wide-regret.html?pagewanted%3Dall">Czechoslovakia Breaks in Two, To Wide Regret</a> // The New York Times, 1 януари 1993. Посетен на 17 февруари 2015.</cite></li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-29">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFThe_New_York_Times13_март_1999" class="book" style="font-style:normal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.nytimes.com/1999/03/13/world/expanding-alliance-the-overview-poland-hungary-and-the-czechs-join-nato.html">EXPANDING ALLIANCE: THE OVERVIEW; Poland, Hungary and the Czechs Join NATO</a> // The New York Times, 13 март 1999. Посетен на 17 февруари 2015.</cite></li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-30">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFEuronews30_март_2014" class="book" style="font-style:normal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20150217122621/http://www.euronews.com/2014/04/30/eu-marks-10th-anniversary-of-2004-enlargement/">EU marks 10th anniversary of 2004 enlargement</a> // Euronews, 30 март 2014. Архивиран от <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.euronews.com/2014/04/30/eu-marks-10th-anniversary-of-2004-enlargement/">оригинала</a> на 2015-02-17. Посетен на 17 февруари 2015.</cite></li> </ol> </div>   </section> </div> <noscript> <img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=mobile" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> Взето от „<a dir="ltr" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3D%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F%26oldid%3D11967463">https://bg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=История_на_Чехия&oldid=11967463</a>“. </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" 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data-language-local-name="каталонски" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%25C4%259Bjiny_%25C4%258Ceska" title="Dějiny Česka – чешки" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Dějiny Česka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чешки" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tjekkiets_historie" title="Tjekkiets historie – датски" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tjekkiets historie" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="датски" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a 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hreflang="eo" data-title="Historio de Ĉeĥio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="есперанто" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_de_la_Rep%25C3%25BAblica_Checa" title="Historia de la República Checa – испански" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Historia de la República Checa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испански" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Txekiako_Errepublikako_historia" title="Txekiako Errepublikako historia – баски" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Txekiako Errepublikako historia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баски" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C%25D8%25AE_%25D8%25B3%25D8%25B1%25D8%25B2%25D9%2585%25DB%258C%25D9%2586_%25DA%2586%25DA%25A9" title="تاریخ سرزمین چک – персийски" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تاریخ سرزمین چک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="персийски" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%25C5%25A1ekin_historia" title="Tšekin historia – фински" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tšekin historia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="фински" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histoire_de_la_Tch%25C3%25A9quie" title="Histoire de la Tchéquie – френски" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Histoire de la Tchéquie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="френски" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_da_Rep%25C3%25BAblica_Checa" title="Historia da República Checa – галисийски" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Historia da República Checa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галисийски" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Povijest_%25C4%258Ce%25C5%25A1ke" title="Povijest Češke – хърватски" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Povijest Češke" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хърватски" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Csehorsz%25C3%25A1g_t%25C3%25B6rt%25C3%25A9nelme" title="Csehország történelme – унгарски" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Csehország történelme" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="унгарски" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D5%2589%25D5%25A5%25D5%25AD%25D5%25AB%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B5%25D5%25AB_%25D5%25BA%25D5%25A1%25D5%25BF%25D5%25B4%25D5%25B8%25D6%2582%25D5%25A9%25D5%25B5%25D5%25B8%25D6%2582%25D5%25B6" title="Չեխիայի պատմություն – арменски" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Չեխիայի պատմություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="арменски" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historio_di_Chekia" title="Historio di Chekia – идо" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Historio di Chekia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="идо" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storia_della_Repubblica_Ceca" title="Storia della Repubblica Ceca – италиански" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Storia della Repubblica Ceca" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="италиански" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E3%2583%2581%25E3%2582%25A7%25E3%2582%25B3%25E3%2581%25AE%25E6%25AD%25B4%25E5%258F%25B2" title="チェコの歴史 – японски" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="チェコの歴史" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="японски" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C4%258Cekijos_istorija" title="Čekijos istorija – литовски" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Čekijos istorija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литовски" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C4%258Cehijas_v%25C4%2593sture" title="Čehijas vēsture – латвийски" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Čehijas vēsture" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латвийски" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%2598%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25A7%25D0%25B5%25D1%2588%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0" title="Историја на Чешка – македонски" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Историја на Чешка" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="македонски" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sejarah_Republik_Czech" title="Sejarah Republik Czech – малайски" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sejarah Republik Czech" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малайски" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geschiedenis_van_de_Tsjechische_landen" title="Geschiedenis van de Tsjechische landen – нидерландски" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Geschiedenis van de Tsjechische landen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="нидерландски" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjekkias_historie" title="Tsjekkias historie – норвежки (букмол)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tsjekkias historie" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="норвежки (букмол)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_Czech" title="Historia Czech – полски" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Historia Czech" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="полски" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hist%25C3%25B3ria_da_Ch%25C3%25A9quia" title="História da Chéquia – португалски" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="História da Chéquia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португалски" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istoria_Cehiei" title="Istoria Cehiei – румънски" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Istoria Cehiei" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румънски" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F_%25D0%25A7%25D0%25B5%25D1%2585%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B8" title="История Чехии – руски" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="История Чехии" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="руски" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dejiny_%25C4%258Ceska" title="Dejiny Česka – словашки" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Dejiny Česka" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словашки" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_e_%25C3%2587ekis%25C3%25AB" title="Historia e Çekisë – албански" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Historia e Çekisë" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="албански" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%2598%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25A7%25D0%25B5%25D1%2588%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B5" title="Историја Чешке – сръбски" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Историја Чешке" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="сръбски" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tjeckiens_historia" title="Tjeckiens historia – шведски" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tjeckiens historia" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="шведски" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_ya_Ucheki" title="Historia ya Ucheki – суахили" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Historia ya Ucheki" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="суахили" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%2587ekya_tarihi" title="Çekya tarihi – турски" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çekya tarihi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="турски" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2586%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D1%2596%25D1%258F_%25D0%25A7%25D0%25B5%25D1%2585%25D1%2596%25D1%2597" title="Історія Чехії – украински" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Історія Чехії" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украински" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%25E1%25BB%258Bch_s%25E1%25BB%25AD_S%25C3%25A9c" title="Lịch sử Séc – виетнамски" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lịch sử Séc" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="виетнамски" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%258D%25B7%25E5%2585%258B%25E5%258E%2586%25E5%258F%25B2" title="捷克历史 – ву китайски" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="捷克历史" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="ву китайски" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%258D%25B7%25E5%2585%258B%25E5%258E%2586%25E5%258F%25B2" title="捷克历史 – 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