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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pandu arah </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Laman-Utama" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Laman_Utama"><span>Laman Utama</span></a></li><li id="n-Tinjau" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tinjau"><span>Tinjau</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Hal_semasa" title="Cari maklumat latar belakang mengenai peristiwa semasa"><span>Hal semasa</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Rawak" title="Muat laman rawak [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Rencana rawak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Perhubungan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Tentang-Wikipedia" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Perihal"><span>Tentang Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Gerbang-komuniti" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Gerbang_Komuniti"><span>Gerbang komuniti</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perubahan_terkini" title="Senarai perubahan terkini dalam wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Perubahan terkini</span></a></li><li id="n-Hubungi-kami" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hubungi_kami"><span>Hubungi kami</span></a></li><li id="n-Menderma" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ms.wikipedia.org&uselang=ms"><span>Menderma</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents" title="Tempat mencari jawapan"><span>Bantuan</span></a></li><li id="n-Kedai-Kopi" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kedai_Kopi"><span>Kedai Kopi</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Laman_Utama" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Ensiklopedia Bebas" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ms.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Cari" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cari di wiki ini [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Cari</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Cari Wikipedia" aria-label="Cari Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cari di wiki ini [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Khas:Cari"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cari</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Alat peribadi"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Penampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Tukar penampilan saiz, lebar dan warna fon laman" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Penampilan" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Penampilan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ms.wikipedia.org&uselang=ms" class=""><span>Derma</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buka_akaun&returnto=Sosialisme" title="Anda digalakkan untuk membuka akaun dan melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ianya tidak wajib" class=""><span>Buka akaun</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Log_masuk&returnto=Sosialisme" title="Anda digalakkan untuk melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ia tidak wajib. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log masuk</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Lebih pilihan" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alat peribadi" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alat peribadi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu pengguna" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ms.wikipedia.org&uselang=ms"><span>Derma</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buka_akaun&returnto=Sosialisme" title="Anda digalakkan untuk membuka akaun dan melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ianya tidak wajib"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Buka akaun</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Log_masuk&returnto=Sosialisme" title="Anda digalakkan untuk melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ia tidak wajib. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log masuk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Laman untuk penyunting log keluar <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengenalan" aria-label="Ketahui lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>Ketahui lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumbangan_saya" title="Senarai suntingan yang dibuat daripada alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Sumbangan</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perbincangan_saya" title="Perbincangan mengenai penyuntingan daripada alamat IP anda [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Perbincangan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Tapak"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Kandungan" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Kandungan</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Permulaan</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Pengistilahan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pengistilahan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Pengistilahan</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Pengistilahan-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Togol subbahagian Pengistilahan</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Pengistilahan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Perbezaan_dari_komunisme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perbezaan_dari_komunisme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Perbezaan dari komunisme</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Perbezaan_dari_komunisme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sejarah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sejarah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Sejarah</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sejarah-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Togol subbahagian Sejarah</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sejarah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Peloporan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Peloporan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Peloporan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Peloporan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jenis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jenis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Jenis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jenis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lihat_juga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lihat_juga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Lihat juga</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lihat_juga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rujukan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rujukan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Rujukan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rujukan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pautan_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pautan_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Pautan luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pautan_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Kandungan" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Togol isi kandungan" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Togol isi kandungan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Sosialisme</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke rencana dalam bahasa lain. Tersedia dalam 156 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-156" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">156 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sosialisme" title="Sosialisme – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Sosialisme" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sozialismus" title="Sozialismus – Jerman Switzerland" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Sozialismus" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Switzerland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gem%C7%A3nscipes_r%C7%A3d" title="Gemǣnscipes rǣd – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Gemǣnscipes rǣd" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اشتراكية – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اشتراكية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialismo" title="Socialismo – Aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Socialismo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6" title="সমাজবাদ – Assam" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="সমাজবাদ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialismu" title="Socialismu – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Socialismu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%91emoir%C5%A9rape" title="Ñemoirũrape – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ñemoirũrape" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sosializm" title="Sosializm – Azerbaijan" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Sosializm" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%85" title="سوسیالیسم – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="سوسیالیسم" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sosialisme" title="Sosialisme – Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sosialisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0" title="সমাজতন্ত্র – Benggali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সমাজতন্ত্র" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Benggali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%C4%81-h%C5%8De-ch%C3%BA-g%C4%AB" title="Siā-hōe-chú-gī – Cina Min Nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Siā-hōe-chú-gī" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Cina Min Nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Социализм – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Социализм" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Сацыялізм – Belarus" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сацыялізм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Сацыялізм – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Сацыялізм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="समाजवाद – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="समाजवाद" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sosyalismo" title="Sosyalismo – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Sosyalismo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socijalizam" title="Socijalizam – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Socijalizam" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sokialouriezh" title="Sokialouriezh – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Sokialouriezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Социализъм – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Социализъм" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Социализм – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Социализм" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialisme" title="Socialisme – Catalonia" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Socialisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Социализм – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Социализм" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialismus" title="Socialismus – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Socialismus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sosialaeth" title="Sosialaeth – Wales" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Sosialaeth" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wales" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialisme" title="Socialisme – Denmark" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Socialisme" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Denmark" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="إشتراكية – Arab Maghribi" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="إشتراكية" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Arab Maghribi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sosialisma" title="Sosialisma – Sami Utara" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Sosialisma" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Sami Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sozialismus" title="Sozialismus – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sozialismus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sotsialism" title="Sotsialism – Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Sotsialism" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%BF%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Σοσιαλισμός – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σοσιαλισμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sozial%C3%AEsum" title="Sozialîsum – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Sozialîsum" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism – Inggeris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Socialism" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggeris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialismo" title="Socialismo – Sepanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Socialismo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Sepanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialismo" title="Socialismo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Socialismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sozialismo" title="Sozialismo – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Sozialismo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%85" title="سوسیالیسم – Parsi" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سوسیالیسم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Parsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samajwaad" title="Samajwaad – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Samajwaad" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sosialisma" title="Sosialisma – Faroe" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Sosialisma" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialisme" title="Socialisme – Perancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Socialisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Perancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sosjalisme" title="Sosjalisme – Frisian Barat" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Sosjalisme" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frisian Barat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialisim" title="Socialisim – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Socialisim" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B3isialachas" title="Sóisialachas – Ireland" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Sóisialachas" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Ireland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B2isealachd" title="Sòisealachd – Scots Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Sòisealachd" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scots Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialismo" title="Socialismo – Galicia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Socialismo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%9C%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A6" title="સમાજવાદ – Gujarat" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="સમાજવાદ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sa-fi_ch%C3%BA-ngi" title="Sa-fi chú-ngi – Cina Hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Sa-fi chú-ngi" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Cina Hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%AC%ED%9A%8C%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="사회주의 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="사회주의" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%B8%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%B4" title="Սոցիալիզմ – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սոցիալիզմ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="समाजवाद – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="समाजवाद" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socijalizam" title="Socijalizam – Croatia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Socijalizam" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialismo" title="Socialismo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Socialismo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sosialismo" title="Sosialismo – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Sosialismo" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0" title="সমাজতন্ত্র – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="সমাজতন্ত্র" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialismo" title="Socialismo – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Socialismo" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UCosulelwano" title="UCosulelwano – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="UCosulelwano" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B3s%C3%ADalismi" title="Sósíalismi – Iceland" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Sósíalismi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Iceland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialismo" title="Socialismo – Itali" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Socialismo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Itali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D" title="סוציאליזם – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סוציאליזם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sosialisme" title="Sosialisme – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Sosialisme" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sama%C9%A3_%C3%B1%C9%A9m_l%C9%A9ma%C9%A3z%C9%A9y%C9%9B" title="Samaɣ ñɩm lɩmaɣzɩyɛ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Samaɣ ñɩm lɩmaɣzɩyɛ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A6" title="ಸಮಾಜವಾದ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸಮಾಜವಾದ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Социализм – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Социализм" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="სოციალიზმი – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სოციალიზმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Социализм – Kazakhstan" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Социализм" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakhstan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socyalieth" title="Socyalieth – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Socyalieth" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Социализм – Kirghiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Социализм" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirghiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usoshalisti" title="Usoshalisti – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Usoshalisti" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sosyalism" title="Sosyalism – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Sosyalism" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sosyal%C3%AEzm" title="Sosyalîzm – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Sosyalîzm" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%A1" title="ສັງຄົມນິຍົມ – Laos" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ສັງຄົມນິຍົມ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Laos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialismus" title="Socialismus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Socialismus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soci%C4%81lisms" title="Sociālisms – Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Sociālisms" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sozialismus" title="Sozialismus – Luxembourg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Sozialismus" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socializmas" title="Socializmas – Lithuania" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Socializmas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialisme" title="Socialisme – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Socialisme" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sosialisim%C9%9B" title="Sosialisimɛ – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Sosialisimɛ" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sosialisme" title="Sosialisme – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Sosialisme" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/cemtrusi%27o" title="cemtrusi'o – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="cemtrusi'o" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Socialism" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szocializmus" title="Szocializmus – Hungary" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szocializmus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungary" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="समाजवाद – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="समाजवाद" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Социјализам – Macedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Социјализам" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B4sialisma" title="Sôsialisma – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Sôsialisma" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82" title="സോഷ്യലിസം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സോഷ്യലിസം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="समाजवाद – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="समाजवाद" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="სოციალიზმი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="სოციალიზმი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" title="اشتراكيه – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اشتراكيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%85" title="سوسیالیسم – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="سوسیالیسم" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%C3%A2-hu%C3%B4i-ci%C5%8D-ngi%C3%AA" title="Siâ-huôi-ciō-ngiê – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Siâ-huôi-ciō-ngiê" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialismo" title="Socialismo – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Socialismo" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Социализм – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Социализм" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%86%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9C%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AB%E1%80%92" title="ဆိုရှယ်လစ်ဝါဒ – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဆိုရှယ်လစ်ဝါဒ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialisme" title="Socialisme – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Socialisme" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="समाजवाद – Nepal" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="समाजवाद" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="समाजवाद – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="समाजवाद" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="社会主義 – Jepun" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="社会主義" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suggialismo" title="Suggialismo – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Suggialismo" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Социализм – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Социализм" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sosialisme" title="Sosialisme – Bokmal Norway" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sosialisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmal Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sosialisme" title="Sosialisme – Nynorsk Norway" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Sosialisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialisme" title="Socialisme – Occitania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Socialisme" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sotsializm" title="Sotsializm – Uzbekistan" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Sotsializm" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbekistan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A6" title="ਸਮਾਜਵਾਦ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸਮਾਜਵਾਦ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B4%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%85" title="سوشلزم – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سوشلزم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%85" title="سوسیالیزم – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="سوسیالیزم" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suoshalizim" title="Suoshalizim – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Suoshalizim" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%98" title="សង្គមនិយម – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="សង្គមនិយម" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Socialism" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sozialismus" title="Sozialismus – Jerman Rendah" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Sozialismus" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Rendah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socjalizm" title="Socjalizm – Poland" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Socjalizm" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialismo" title="Socialismo – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Socialismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism – Romania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Socialism" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialissem" title="Socialissem – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Socialissem" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susyalismu" title="Susyalismu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Susyalismu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Соціалізм – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Соціалізм" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Социализм – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Социализм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Социализм – Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Социализм" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Socialism" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boso%C5%A1alisiti" title="Bosošalisiti – Sotho Utara" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Bosošalisiti" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Sotho Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socializmi" title="Socializmi – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Socializmi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sucial%C3%ACsimu" title="Sucialìsimu – Sicili" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Sucialìsimu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%AF%E0%B6%BA" title="සමාජවාදය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="සමාජවාදය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Socialism" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B4%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%85" title="سوشلزم – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="سوشلزم" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socializmus" title="Socializmus – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Socializmus" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socializem" title="Socializem – Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Socializem" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hantiwadaag" title="Hantiwadaag – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Hantiwadaag" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%86%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%85" title="سۆسیالیزم – Kurdi Tengah" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سۆسیالیزم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Tengah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Социјализам – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Социјализам" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socijalizam" title="Socijalizam – SerboCroatia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Socijalizam" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="SerboCroatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sosialismi" title="Sosialismi – Finland" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sosialismi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism – Sweden" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Socialism" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweden" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sosyalismo" title="Sosyalismo – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Sosyalismo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88" title="சமூகவுடைமை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சமூகவுடைமை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Социализм – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Социализм" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%82" title="సోషలిజం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="సోషలిజం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1" title="สังคมนิยม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สังคมนิยม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%A7_ngh%C4%A9a_x%C3%A3_h%E1%BB%99i" title="Chủ nghĩa xã hội – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chủ nghĩa xã hội" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sosyalizm" title="Sosyalizm – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sosyalizm" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Соціалізм – Ukraine" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Соціалізм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraine" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="اشتراکیت – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اشتراکیت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socia%C5%82ismo" title="Sociałismo – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Sociałismo" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socializm" title="Socializm – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Socializm" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sotsialism" title="Sotsialism – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Sotsialism" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialisse" title="Socialisse – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Socialisse" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sosyalismo" title="Sosyalismo – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Sosyalismo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="社會主義 – Cina Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="社會主義" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Cina Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%90%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D" title="סאציאליזם – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="סאציאליזם" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8C%E1%B9%A3es%C3%B3s%C3%AD%C3%A1l%C3%ADst%C3%AC" title="Ìṣesósíálístì – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ìṣesósíálístì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="社會主義 – Kantonis" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="社會主義" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sosyalizm" title="Sosyalizm – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Sosyalizm" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soc%C4%93l%C4%97zmos" title="Socēlėzmos – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Socēlėzmos" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="社会主义 – Cina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="社会主义" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Cina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sosialisme" title="Sosialisme – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Sosialisme" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7272#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pautan antara bahasa" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pautan</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sosialisme" title="Lihat laman kandungan [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Rencana</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Perbincangan:Sosialisme" rel="discussion" title="Perbincangan mengenai laman kandungan [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Perbincangan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tukar kelainan bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bahasa Melayu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Rupa"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sosialisme"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sosialisme&veaction=edit" title="Sunting laman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sosialisme&action=edit" title="Sunting kod sumber untuk laman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sosialisme&action=history" title="Semakan terdahulu bagi laman ini [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Lihat sejarah</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Peralatan" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Peralatan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Peralatan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Lagi pilihan" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sosialisme"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sosialisme&veaction=edit" title="Sunting laman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sosialisme&action=edit" title="Sunting kod sumber untuk laman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sosialisme&action=history"><span>Lihat sejarah</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Pautan_ke_sini/Sosialisme" title="Senarai semua laman wiki yang mengandungi pautan ke laman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pautan ke laman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perubahan_berkaitan/Sosialisme" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terkini bagi laman yang dipaut dari laman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan berkaitan</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=ms" title="Muat naik fail [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Muat naik fail</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Laman_khas" title="Senarai semua laman khas [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Laman khas</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sosialisme&oldid=6143244" title="Pautan kekal ke semakan laman ini"><span>Pautan kekal</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sosialisme&action=info" title="Maklumat lanjut mengenai laman ini"><span>Maklumat laman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Petik_laman_ini&page=Sosialisme&id=6143244&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Maklumat tentang cara memetik laman ini"><span>Petik laman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSosialisme"><span>Dapatkan URL pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSosialisme"><span>Muat turun kod QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/eksport </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Sosialisme"><span>Cipta buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:DownloadAsPdf&page=Sosialisme&action=show-download-screen"><span>Muat turun sebagai PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sosialisme&printable=yes" title="Versi boleh cetak bagi laman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi boleh cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam projek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Socialism" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7272" title="Pautan ke item repositori data yang bersambung [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Penampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Penampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Daripada Wikipedia, ensiklopedia bebas.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ms" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6349617">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:720px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Sebahagian daripada <a href="/wiki/Kategori:Politik" title="Kategori:Politik">siri Politik</a></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="padding-bottom:3; background:; font-size:200%; font-weight:normal"><b><a href="/wiki/Parti_politik" title="Parti politik"><small>Politik kepartian</small></a></b></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title"><a href="/wiki/Spektrum_politik" title="Spektrum politik">Spektrum politik</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6349617"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Politik_haluan_kiri" title="Politik haluan kiri">Haluan kiri</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0.1em;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5857753">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politik_jauh_kiri" title="Politik jauh kiri">Pelampau kiri</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Politik_kiri_tengah" title="Politik kiri tengah">Kiri tengah</a></li></ul></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Sentrisme" title="Sentrisme">Haluan tengah</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0.1em;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5857753"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politik_kiri_tengah" title="Politik kiri tengah">Kiri tengah</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sentrisme_radikal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sentrisme radikal (laman tidak wujud)">Pelampau tengah</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politik_tengah_kanan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Politik tengah kanan (laman tidak wujud)">Tengah kanan</a></li></ul></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Politik_haluan_kanan" title="Politik haluan kanan">Haluan kanan</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0.1em;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5857753"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politik_tengah_kanan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Politik tengah kanan (laman tidak wujud)">Tengah kanan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Politik_pelampau_kanan" title="Politik pelampau kanan">Pelampau kanan</a></li></ul></div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title"><a href="/wiki/Platform_parti" title="Platform parti">Platform</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Politik_ideologi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Politik ideologi (laman tidak wujud)">Ideologi</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarkisme" title="Anarkisme">Anarkis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demokrasi" title="Demokrasi">Demokratik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demokrasi_Kristian" title="Demokrasi Kristian">Demokratik Kristian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demokrasi_sosial" title="Demokrasi sosial">Demokratik sosial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmentalisme" title="Environmentalisme">Environmentalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasisme" title="Fasisme">Fasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundamentalisme" title="Fundamentalisme">Fundamentalis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Globalisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Globalisme (laman tidak wujud)">Globalis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekopolitik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekopolitik (laman tidak wujud)">Hijau</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internasionalisme_(politik)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Internasionalisme (politik) (laman tidak wujud)">Internasionalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komunisme" title="Komunisme">Komunis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konservatisme" title="Konservatisme">Konservatif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalisme" title="Liberalisme">Liberal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianisme" title="Libertarianisme">Libertarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasionalisme" title="Nasionalisme">Nasionalis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parti_Lanun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parti Lanun (laman tidak wujud)">Parti Lanun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Populisme" title="Populisme">Populis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progresivisme" title="Progresivisme">Progresif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regionalisme_(politik)" title="Regionalisme (politik)">Regionalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republikanisme" title="Republikanisme">Republikan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sosialis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politik_sinkretik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Politik sinkretik (laman tidak wujud)">Sinkretik</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title">Jenis</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parti_elit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parti elit (laman tidak wujud)">Parti elit</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Status_parti_rasmi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Status parti rasmi (laman tidak wujud)">Parti disahkan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parti_isu_tunggal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parti isu tunggal (laman tidak wujud)">Parti isu tunggal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parti_kartel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parti kartel (laman tidak wujud)">Parti kartel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khemah_besar" title="Khemah besar">Parti kumpul semua</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parti_firma_perniagaan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parti firma perniagaan (laman tidak wujud)">Parti keusahawanan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politik_massa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Politik massa (laman tidak wujud)">Parti massa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_pemerintah" title="Parti pemerintah">Parti pemerintah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pembangkang_(politik)" title="Pembangkang (politik)">Parti pembangkang</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pembangkang_parlimen" title="Pembangkang parlimen">Pembangkang parlimen</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title">Pemimpin dan pertubuhan</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anggota_biasa_parlimen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anggota biasa parlimen (laman tidak wujud)">Anggota biasa parlimen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anggota_utama_parlimen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anggota utama parlimen (laman tidak wujud)">Anggota utama parlimen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaukus" title="Kaukus">Kaukus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengerusi_kaukus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengerusi kaukus (laman tidak wujud)">Pengerusi kaukus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemimpin_kumpulan_parlimen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemimpin kumpulan parlimen (laman tidak wujud)">Pemimpin kumpulan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calon_utama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Calon utama (laman tidak wujud)">Calon utama</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ketua_Pembangkang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ketua Pembangkang (laman tidak wujud)">Ketua Pembangkang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemimpin_kumpulan_majoriti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemimpin kumpulan majoriti (laman tidak wujud)">Pemimpin majoriti</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemimpin_kumpulan_minoriti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemimpin kumpulan minoriti (laman tidak wujud)">Pemimpin minoriti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelompok_parlimen" title="Kelompok parlimen">Kelompok parlimen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemimpin_parlimen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemimpin parlimen (laman tidak wujud)">Pemimpin parlimen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengerusi_parti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengerusi parti (laman tidak wujud)">Pengerusi parti</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemimpin_parti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemimpin parti (laman tidak wujud)">Pemimpin parti</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurucakap_parti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jurucakap parti (laman tidak wujud)">Jurucakap parti</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Setiausaha_(pangkat)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Setiausaha (pangkat) (laman tidak wujud)">Setiausaha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kabinet_bayangan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kabinet bayangan (laman tidak wujud)">Kabinet bayangan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Whip_(politik)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Whip (politik) (laman tidak wujud)">Whip</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title">Pemilihan dalaman</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemilihan_pendahuluan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemilihan pendahuluan (laman tidak wujud)">Pemilihan pendahuluan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemilihan_kepimpinan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemilihan kepimpinan (laman tidak wujud)">Pemilihan kepimpinan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persidangan_parti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Persidangan parti (laman tidak wujud)">Persidangan parti</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persidangan_kepimpinan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Persidangan kepimpinan (laman tidak wujud)">Persidangan kepimpinan</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title">Disiplin parti</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Undian_bebas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Undian bebas (laman tidak wujud)">Undian bebas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Menyebelahi_lawan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Menyebelahi lawan (laman tidak wujud)">Menyebelahi lawan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disiplin_parti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Disiplin parti (laman tidak wujud)">Disiplin parti</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dasar_parti_(politik)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dasar parti (politik) (laman tidak wujud)">Dasar parti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lompat_parti" title="Lompat parti">Lompat parti</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistem_kepartian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sistem kepartian (laman tidak wujud)">Sistem kepartian</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6349617"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0em;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5857753"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Negara_satu_parti" title="Negara satu parti">Satu parti</a></li></ul></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5857753"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sistem_parti_dominan" title="Sistem parti dominan">Parti dominan</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistem_dua_parti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sistem dua parti (laman tidak wujud)">Dua parti</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Sistem_berbilang_parti" title="Sistem berbilang parti">Berbilang parti</a></li></ul></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5857753"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demokrasi_tidak_berparti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Demokrasi tidak berparti (laman tidak wujud)">Tidak berparti</a></li></ul></div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title"><a href="/wiki/Gabungan" title="Gabungan">Gabungan</a> antara parti</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemerintahan_berbahagi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemerintahan berbahagi (laman tidak wujud)">Pemerintahan berbahagi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerajaan_gabungan" title="Kerajaan gabungan">Kerajaan gabungan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keyakinan_dan_pembekalan" title="Keyakinan dan pembekalan">Keyakinan dan pembekalan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemerintahan_konsensus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemerintahan konsensus (laman tidak wujud)">Pemerintahan konsensus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabungan_besar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gabungan besar (laman tidak wujud)">Gabungan besar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parlimen_tergantung" title="Parlimen tergantung">Parlimen tergantung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pemerintahan_majoriti" title="Pemerintahan majoriti">Pemerintahan majoriti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pemerintahan_minoriti" title="Pemerintahan minoriti">Pemerintahan minoriti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerajaan_perpaduan" title="Kerajaan perpaduan">Kerajaan perpaduan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemerintahan_giliran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemerintahan giliran (laman tidak wujud)">Pemerintahan giliran</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senarai_parti_politik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senarai parti politik (laman tidak wujud)">Senarai parti politik</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senarai_parti_pemerintah_mengikut_negara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senarai parti pemerintah mengikut negara (laman tidak wujud)">Parti pemerintah mengikut negara</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senarai_parti_politik_mengikut_kawasan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senarai parti politik mengikut kawasan (laman tidak wujud)">Parti politik mengikut kawasan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senarai_ideologi_politik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senarai ideologi politik (laman tidak wujud)">Ideologi politik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Parti_politik_yang_diharamkan" title="Kategori:Parti politik yang diharamkan">Parti politik yang diharamkan</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="text-align:center; font-weight:normal; border-top:1px solid; border-bottom:1px solid;"> <ul><li><span class="metadata"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Ikon portal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/P_ps.png/16px-P_ps.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/P_ps.png/24px-P_ps.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/P_ps.png/32px-P_ps.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="66" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Politik" title="Portal:Politik">Portal Politik</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5375175">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Party_politics" title="Templat:Party politics"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bincang"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perbincangan_templat:Party_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perbincangan templat:Party politics (laman tidak wujud)"><abbr title="Bincang templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Party_politics&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table><p><b>Sosialisme</b> merupakan teori atau sistem <a href="/wiki/Organisasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Organisasi">organisasi</a> sosial dan ekonomi di mana salah satu ciri utamanya adalah hasil kekayaan negara serta alat dan pengurusan mengerjakan sumber kekayaan dinikmati bersama oleh seluruh rakyat secara sama rata<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Socialism_at_The_Free_dictionary_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Socialism_at_The_Free_dictionary-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> baik melalui <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kepemilikan_negara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kepemilikan negara (laman tidak wujud)">kepemilikan negara</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kepemilikan_kolektif&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kepemilikan kolektif (laman tidak wujud)">kolektif</a>, <a href="/wiki/Koperasi" title="Koperasi">koperasi</a>, atau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kepemilikan_masyarakat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kepemilikan masyarakat (laman tidak wujud)">penuntutan semula</a> <a href="/wiki/Ekuiti_(kewangan)" title="Ekuiti (kewangan)">wang pelaburan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fahaman ini tiada tafsiran tunggal utama yang mampu memenuhi semua intipatinya,<sup id="cite_ref-Peter_Lamb_2006._p._1_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Peter_Lamb_2006._p._1-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dengan kepemilikan sosial menjadi unsur umum yang dimiliki <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tipe_sosialisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tipe sosialisme (laman tidak wujud)">berbagai variannya</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Busky1_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Busky1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Namun, sosialisme umumnya difahamkan bertujuan membela <a href="/wiki/Masyarakat" title="Masyarakat">masyarakat</a> daripada dipergunakan tenaganya secara tidak adil<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan menggalakkan kemajuan diri sesama anggotanya.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Parti-parti berfahaman <b>sosialis</b> boleh bersatu tenaga dengan <a href="/wiki/Kesatuan_sekerja" title="Kesatuan sekerja">kesatuan/serikat pekerja</a>, pada waktu lain mandiri dan kritis terhadap serikat; serta ada di negara terindustrialisasi atau berkembang.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Parti dan gagasan sosialis tetap menjadi kekuatan politik dengan berbagai-bagai tingkat kekuatan dan pengaruh di semua benua, serta memimpin pemerintahan nasional di banyak negara di dunia. Saat ini, beberapa jurusan sosialisme juga mengambil guna prinsip dari gerakan sosial lain, seperti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekososialisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekososialisme (laman tidak wujud)">kecintalaman</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Feminisme_sosialis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Feminisme sosialis (laman tidak wujud)">feminisme</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Progresivisme" title="Progresivisme">progresivisme</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fahaman <a href="/wiki/Demokrasi_sosial" title="Demokrasi sosial">demokrasi sosial</a> sendirinya berkembang lanjut dari ideologi sosialisme yang telah merangkul <a href="/wiki/Ekonomi_campuran" title="Ekonomi campuran">ekonomi campuran</a> dengan pasar yang mencakup intervensi negara yang substantif dalam bentuk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengagihan_semula_pendapatan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengagihan semula pendapatan (laman tidak wujud)">pengagihan semula pendapatan</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_diatur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi diatur (laman tidak wujud)">pengaturan</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Negara_kebajikan" title="Negara kebajikan">dasar-dasar kebajikan</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Demokrasi_ekonomi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Demokrasi ekonomi (laman tidak wujud)">Demokrasi ekonomi</a> mengusulkan semacam sosialisme pasaran yang lebih memecahkan kawalan ke atas perusahaan, mata wang, pelaburan, dan sumber daya alam. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Gerakan_politik" title="Gerakan politik">Gerakan politik</a> sosialis mencakup serangkaian falsafah sahsiah yang berasal dari gerakan revolusioner pertengahan hingga akhir abad ke-18, dan kerana adanya kepedulian terhadap masalah sosial yang terkait dengan <a href="/wiki/Kapitalisme" title="Kapitalisme">kapitalisme</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Peter_Lamb_2006._p._1_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Peter_Lamb_2006._p._1-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pada akhir abad ke-19, setelah karya <a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Karl Marx</a> dan kolaboratornya <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Engels" title="Friedrich Engels">Friedrich Engels</a>, sosialisme telah menjadi wahana melawan kapitalisme dan menganjurkan sistem <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pascakapitalisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pascakapitalisme (laman tidak wujud)">pascakapitalis</a> yang didasarkan kepada kemahuan sesebuah masyarakat berhak milik ke atas pengusahaan hasil kekayaan diraih.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Anthony_Giddens_1994,_p._71_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anthony_Giddens_1994,_p._71-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pada 1920-an, <a href="/wiki/Demokrasi_sosial" title="Demokrasi sosial">demokrasi sosial</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Komunisme" title="Komunisme">komunisme</a> dominan di gerakan sosialis antarabangsa.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pada masa tersebut sosialisme muncul sebagai "gerakan sekular paling berpengaruh pada abad ke-20 di seluruh dunia. Sosialisme adalah ideologi politik (atau pandangan dunia), gerakan politik yang luas dan terpecah-pecah"<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan ketika kebangkitan <a href="/wiki/Kesatuan_Soviet" title="Kesatuan Soviet">Kesatuan Soviet</a> sebagai <a href="/wiki/Negara_sosialis" title="Negara sosialis">negara sosialis</a> nominal pertama di dunia menyebabkan menyebarnya asosisasi sosialisme dengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_terencana_tipe_Soviet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi terencana tipe Soviet (laman tidak wujud)">model ekonomi Soviet</a>, beberapa ahli ekonomi dan cendekiawan berpendapat bahawa model tersebut berfungsi sebagai bentuk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kapitalisme_negara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kapitalisme negara (laman tidak wujud)">kapitalisme negara</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> pentadbiran tidak terancang atau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_komando&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi komando (laman tidak wujud)">ekonomi komando</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Soviet_Union_Has_an_Administered,_Not_a_Planned,_Economy,_1985_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Soviet_Union_Has_an_Administered,_Not_a_Planned,_Economy,_1985-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pengistilahan">Pengistilahan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sosialisme&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bahagian: Pengistilahan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sosialisme&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Pengistilahan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sosialisme menyerap <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Belanda" title="Bahasa Belanda">Belanda</a>: <i lang="nl">socialisme</i><span class="lang-comment" style="font-style: normal; display: none; color: #33aa33; margin-left: 0.3em;">code: nl is deprecated </span> yang sendirinya pinjaman <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Perancis" title="Bahasa Perancis">bahasa Perancis</a> menerbitkan dari kata dasar <i>social</i> turunan kata sifat Latin <i>socialis</i> terbitan kata <i>socius</i> "sekutu".<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Penggunaan istilah asal <i>socialisme</i> digalang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Leroux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre Leroux (laman tidak wujud)">Pierre Leroux</a>, seorang filsuf Perancis menulis dalam akhbar <span title="Perancis-language text"><i lang="fr">Le Globe</i></span><span class="lang-comment" style="font-style: normal; display: none; color: #33aa33; margin-left: 0.3em;">code: fr is deprecated </span> in 1832<sup id="cite_ref-Kołakowski2005_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kołakowski2005-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> memperjuangkan pemikiran <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henri_de_Saint-Simon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henri de Saint-Simon (laman tidak wujud)">Henri de Saint-Simon</a> yang berpendapat bahawa kemiskinan dan kesengsaraan dialami masyarakat berikutan <a href="/wiki/Revolusi_Perindustrian" title="Revolusi Perindustrian">Revolusi Perindustrian</a> berpunca daripada pegangan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Individualisme_liberal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Individualisme liberal (laman tidak wujud)">individualisme</a> yang lebih mementingkan penjauhan diri dari masyarakat demi mengukuhkan jatidiri seseorang lalu menekankan perlumbaan mendapatkan saraan hidup sesama mereka.<sup id="cite_ref-Marvin_Perry_1600,_p._540_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marvin_Perry_1600,_p._540-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hal ini turut tercermin dalam takrifan diberikan <i>Kitab Vortaro</i> (1923) sebagai teori "<i>boeat linjapken keboeroekan-keboeroekan dalam systeem sekarang tentang persaingan dalam indoestri</i>".<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Perbezaan_dari_komunisme">Perbezaan dari komunisme</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sosialisme&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bahagian: Perbezaan dari komunisme" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sosialisme&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Perbezaan dari komunisme"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sekali imbas, perkataan "sosialisme" dan "<a href="/wiki/Komunisme" title="Komunisme">komunisme</a>" adakala ditafsirkan sesetengah pihak bertindih seolah-olah satu perkara yang sama. Tetapi pada hari ini dua perkataan ini bermaksud perkara yang berbeza. Kebanyakan orang yang bukan komunis merujuk komunisme sebagai <a href="/wiki/Marxisme" title="Marxisme">Marxisme</a> dan Leninisme iaitu idea-idea yang berasal dari Parti <a href="/wiki/Bolshevik" title="Bolshevik">Bolshevik</a> di Rusia lagi-lagi selepas <a href="/wiki/Revolusi_Bolshevik" class="mw-redirect" title="Revolusi Bolshevik">Revolusi Bolshevik</a> dipertahankan <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin" title="Vladimir Lenin">Vladimir Lenin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Steele_1992_44-45_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Steele_1992_44-45-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hal ini turut dikukuhkan setelah Parti Buruh Demokratik Sosial Rusia dinamakan semula menjadi Parti Komunis Se-Rusia dengan pegangan yang mentafsirkan "komunisme" sebagai aliran sosialisme yang menurut teori-teori <a href="/wiki/Bolshevisme" title="Bolshevisme">Bolshevisme</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leninism" class="mw-redirect" title="Leninism">Leninisme</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marxism%E2%80%93Leninisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marxism–Leninisme (laman tidak wujud)">Marxism–Leninisme</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sejarah">Sejarah</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sosialisme&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bahagian: Sejarah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sosialisme&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Sejarah"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Peloporan">Peloporan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sosialisme&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bahagian: Peloporan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sosialisme&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Peloporan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Ehrerbietige_Vorstellung_und_Einladung_an_meine_lieben_Mitmenschen.pdf" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Ehrerbietige_Vorstellung_und_Einladung_an_meine_lieben_Mitmenschen.pdf/page1-220px-Ehrerbietige_Vorstellung_und_Einladung_an_meine_lieben_Mitmenschen.pdf.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Ehrerbietige_Vorstellung_und_Einladung_an_meine_lieben_Mitmenschen.pdf/page1-330px-Ehrerbietige_Vorstellung_und_Einladung_an_meine_lieben_Mitmenschen.pdf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Ehrerbietige_Vorstellung_und_Einladung_an_meine_lieben_Mitmenschen.pdf/page1-440px-Ehrerbietige_Vorstellung_und_Einladung_an_meine_lieben_Mitmenschen.pdf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2862" data-file-height="1758" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utopian_socialist&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Utopian socialist (laman tidak wujud)">Utopian socialist</a> pamphlet of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudolf_Sutermeister&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rudolf Sutermeister (laman tidak wujud)">Rudolf Sutermeister</a></figcaption></figure><p>Beberapa orang berpendapat <a href="/wiki/Robert_Owen" title="Robert Owen">Robert Owen</a> yang berasal dari Wales, merupakan seorang sosialis yang pertama. Beliau dianggap sebagai pengasas gerakan koperasi di <a href="/wiki/Britain" class="mw-disambig" title="Britain">Britain</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Marvin_Perry_1600,_p._540_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marvin_Perry_1600,_p._540-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beliau berkata pekerjalah yang sepatutnya menjadi tuan untuk syarikat yang mereka bekerja. Pekerja kemudiannya berkongsi keuntungan sesama mereka. </p><p>Antara sosialis terkenal adalah <a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Karl Marx</a> yang menulis buku <i><a href="/wiki/The_Communist_Manifesto" class="mw-redirect" title="The Communist Manifesto">The Communist Manifesto</a></i>. Sosialis terkenal lain adalah <a href="/wiki/Lenin" class="mw-redirect" title="Lenin">Vladimir Lenin</a>, James Connolly, Rosa Luxemburg, <a href="/wiki/Fidel_Castro" title="Fidel Castro">Fidel Castro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muammar_al-Gaddafi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muammar al-Gaddafi">Muammar al-Gaddafi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe">Robert Mugabe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh" class="mw-redirect" title="Ho Chi Minh">Ho Chi Minh</a> dan <a href="/wiki/John_Lennon" title="John Lennon">John Lennon</a>. </p><p>Selepas Perang Dunia Pertama dan Revolusi Rusia, sosialisme terbahagi kepada dua. Sesetengah golongan sosialis mengikut Lenin dan dipanggil komunis. Sesetengah yang lain pula percaya kepada sistem parlimen dan mereka ini dipanggil sosial demokrat. Sosial demokrat sangat tidak bersetuju dengan komunis tetapi antara ciri mereka ini adalah menyokong konsep <a href="/wiki/Negara_kebajikan" title="Negara kebajikan">negara kebajikan</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jenis">Jenis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sosialisme&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bahagian: Jenis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sosialisme&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Jenis"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sistem sosialis dibahagi menjadi dua:<sup id="cite_ref-Kolb_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kolb-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>sosialisme bukan pasar</b> - melibatkan penggantian pasaran faktor dan <a href="/wiki/Wang" title="Wang">wang</a> dengan kriteria teknis berdasarkan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalkulasi_dalam_barang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalkulasi dalam barang (laman tidak wujud)">perhitungan yang dilakukan dalam bentuk barang</a> lalu menghasilkan mekanisme ekonomi yang berfungsi sesuai dengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hukum_nilai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hukum nilai (laman tidak wujud)">hukum ekonomi</a> yang berbeza dari <a href="/wiki/Kapitalisme" title="Kapitalisme">kapitalisme</a> bertujuan untuk menghindari ketidakcekapan dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Krisis_ekonomi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Krisis ekonomi (laman tidak wujud)">krisis</a> yang secara tradisional berkait rapat dengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Akumulasi_kapital&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Akumulasi kapital (laman tidak wujud)">akumulasi kapital</a> dan sistem profit<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>sosialisme pasar</b> - mempertahankan penggunaan nilai wang, pasaran faktor; malah motif keuntungan yang, sehubungan dengan operasi perusahaan yang dimiliki secara sosial dan alokasi barang modal di antara pihak mereka. Keuntungan yang dihasilkan oleh perusahaan ini akan dikelola secara langsung oleh tenaga kerja dari masing-masing perusahaan, atau diberikan ke masyarakat luas dalam bentuk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dividen_sosial&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dividen sosial (laman tidak wujud)">dividen sosial</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Social_Dividend_versus_Basic_Income_Guarantee_in_Market_Socialism,_2004_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Social_Dividend_versus_Basic_Income_Guarantee_in_Market_Socialism,_2004-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_juga">Lihat juga</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sosialisme&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bahagian: Lihat juga" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sosialisme&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Lihat juga"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Negara_kebajikan" title="Negara kebajikan">Negara kebajikan</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rujukan">Rujukan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sosialisme&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bahagian: Rujukan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sosialisme&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Rujukan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5110723">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFSinclair1918" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Upton_Sinclair&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Upton Sinclair (laman tidak wujud)">Sinclair, Upton</a> (1 January 1918). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=i0w9AQAAMAAJ"><i>Upton Sinclair's: A Monthly Magazine: for Social Justice, by Peaceful Means If Possible</i></a>. <q>Socialism, you see, is a bird with two wings. The definition is 'social ownership and democratic control of the instruments and means of production.'</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Upton+Sinclair%27s%3A+A+Monthly+Magazine%3A+for+Social+Justice%2C+by+Peaceful+Means+If+Possible&rft.date=1918-01-01&rft.aulast=Sinclair&rft.aufirst=Upton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Di0w9AQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASosialisme" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nove-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nove_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFNove" class="citation web cs1">Nove, Alec. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/article?id=pde2008_S000173">"Socialism"</a>. <i>New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, Second Edition (2008)</i>. <q>A society may be defined as socialist if the major part of the means of production of goods and services is in some sense socially owned and operated, by state, socialised or cooperative enterprises. The practical issues of socialism comprise the relationships between management and workforce within the enterprise, the interrelationships between production units (plan versus markets), and, if the state owns and operates any part of the economy, who controls it and how.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Palgrave+Dictionary+of+Economics%2C+Second+Edition+%282008%29&rft.atitle=Socialism&rft.aulast=Nove&rft.aufirst=Alec&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dictionaryofeconomics.com%2Farticle%3Fid%3Dpde2008_S000173&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASosialisme" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFRosser2003" class="citation book cs1">Rosser, Mariana V. and J Barkley Jr. (23 July 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/comparativeecono0000ross_v4p7"><i>Comparative Economics in a Transforming World Economy</i></a>. MIT Press. m/s. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/comparativeecono0000ross_v4p7/page/53">53</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-262-18234-8" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-262-18234-8"><bdi>978-0-262-18234-8</bdi></a>. <q>Socialism is an economic system characterised by state or collective ownership of the means of production, land, and capital.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Comparative+Economics+in+a+Transforming+World+Economy&rft.pages=53&rft.pub=MIT+Press&rft.date=2003-07-23&rft.isbn=978-0-262-18234-8&rft.aulast=Rosser&rft.aufirst=Mariana+V.+and+J+Barkley+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcomparativeecono0000ross_v4p7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASosialisme" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-N._Scott_Arnold_1998._pg._8-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-N._Scott_Arnold_1998._pg._8_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"What else does a socialist economic system involve? Those who favor socialism generally speak of social ownership, social control, or socialization of the means of production as the distinctive positive feature of a socialist economic system" N. Scott Arnold. <i>The Philosophy and Economics of Market Socialism : A Critical Study</i>. Oxford University Press. 1998. p. 8</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Busky1-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Busky1_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Busky1_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFBusky2000" class="citation book cs1">Busky, Donald F. (2000). <i>Democratic Socialism: A Global Survey</i>. Praeger. m/s. 2. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-275-96886-1" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-275-96886-1"><bdi>978-0-275-96886-1</bdi></a>. <q>Socialism may be defined as movements for social ownership and control of the economy. It is this idea that is the common element found in the many forms of socialism.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Democratic+Socialism%3A+A+Global+Survey&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=Praeger&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-275-96886-1&rft.aulast=Busky&rft.aufirst=Donald+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASosialisme" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFBertrand_BadieDirk_Berg-SchlosserLeonardo_Morlino2011" class="citation book cs1">Bertrand Badie; Dirk Berg-Schlosser; Leonardo Morlino (2011). <i>International Encyclopedia of Political Science</i>. SAGE Publications, Inc. m/s. 2456. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-4129-5963-6" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-4129-5963-6"><bdi>978-1-4129-5963-6</bdi></a>. <q>Socialist systems are those regimes based on the economic and political theory of socialism, which advocates public ownership and cooperative management of the means of production and allocation of resources.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+Encyclopedia+of+Political+Science&rft.pages=2456&rft.pub=SAGE+Publications%2C+Inc&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-4129-5963-6&rft.au=Bertrand+Badie&rft.au=Dirk+Berg-Schlosser&rft.au=Leonardo+Morlino&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASosialisme" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFZimbalist,_Sherman_and_Brown1988" class="citation book cs1">Zimbalist, Sherman and Brown, Andrew, Howard J. and Stuart (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/comparingeconomi0000zimb_q8i6"><i>Comparing Economic Systems: A Political-Economic Approach</i></a>. Harcourt College Pub. m/s. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/comparingeconomi0000zimb_q8i6/page/7">7</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-15-512403-5" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-15-512403-5"><bdi>978-0-15-512403-5</bdi></a>. <q>Pure socialism is defined as a system wherein all of the means of production are owned and run by the government and/or cooperative, nonprofit groups.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Comparing+Economic+Systems%3A+A+Political-Economic+Approach&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=Harcourt+College+Pub&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-15-512403-5&rft.aulast=Zimbalist%2C+Sherman+and+Brown&rft.aufirst=Andrew%2C+Howard+J.+and+Stuart&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcomparingeconomi0000zimb_q8i6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASosialisme" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFBrus2015" class="citation book cs1">Brus, Wlodzimierz (2015). <i>The Economics and Politics of Socialism</i>. Routledge. m/s. 87. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-415-86647-7" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-415-86647-7"><bdi>978-0-415-86647-7</bdi></a>. <q>This alteration in the relationship between economy and politics is evident in the very definition of a socialist economic system. The basic characteristic of such a system is generally reckoned to be the predominance of the social ownership of the means of production.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Economics+and+Politics+of+Socialism&rft.pages=87&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-415-86647-7&rft.aulast=Brus&rft.aufirst=Wlodzimierz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASosialisme" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFMichie2001" class="citation book cs1">Michie, Jonathan (2001). <i>Readers Guide to the Social Sciences</i>. Routledge. m/s. 1516. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-57958-091-9" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-57958-091-9"><bdi>978-1-57958-091-9</bdi></a>. <q>Just as private ownership defines capitalism, social ownership defines socialism. The essential characteristic of socialism in theory is that it destroys social hierarchies, and therefore leads to a politically and economically egalitarian society. Two closely related consequences follow. First, every individual is entitled to an equal ownership share that earns an aliquot part of the total social dividend…Second, in order to eliminate social hierarchy in the workplace, enterprises are run by those employed, and not by the representatives of private or state capital. Thus, the well-known historical tendency of the divorce between ownership and management is brought to an end. The society—i.e. every individual equally—owns capital and those who work are entitled to manage their own economic affairs.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Readers+Guide+to+the+Social+Sciences&rft.pages=1516&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-57958-091-9&rft.aulast=Michie&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASosialisme" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Nove_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nove-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-N._Scott_Arnold_1998._pg._8_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N._Scott_Arnold_1998._pg._8-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Busky1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Busky1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Socialism_at_The_Free_dictionary-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Socialism_at_The_Free_dictionary_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"2. (Government, Politics & Diplomacy) any of various social or political theories or movements in which the common welfare is to be achieved through the establishment of a socialist economic system" <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thefreedictionary.com/socialism">"Socialism" at The Free dictionary</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFO'Hara2003" class="citation book cs1">O'Hara, Phillip (September 2003). <i>Encyclopedia of Political Economy, Volume 2</i>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. m/s. 71. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/0-415-24187-1" title="Khas:Sumber buku/0-415-24187-1"><bdi>0-415-24187-1</bdi></a>. <q>In order of increasing decentralisation (at least) three forms of socialized ownership can be distinguished: state-owned firms, employee-owned (or socially) owned firms, and citizen ownership of equity.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Political+Economy%2C+Volume+2&rft.pages=71&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2003-09&rft.isbn=0-415-24187-1&rft.aulast=O%27Hara&rft.aufirst=Phillip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASosialisme" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Peter_Lamb_2006._p._1-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Peter_Lamb_2006._p._1_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Peter_Lamb_2006._p._1_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLambDocherty2006">Lamb & Docherty 2006</a>, halaman 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFArnold1994" class="citation book cs1">Arnold, Scott (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/philosophyeconom00arno"><i>The Philosophy and Economics of Market Socialism: A Critical Study</i></a>. Oxford University Press. m/s. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/philosophyeconom00arno/page/7">7</a>–8. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-508827-4" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-19-508827-4"><bdi>978-0-19-508827-4</bdi></a>. <q>This term is harder to define, since socialists disagree among themselves about what socialism ‘really is.’ It would seem that everyone (socialists and nonsocialists alike) could at least agree that it is not a system in which there is widespread private ownership of the means of production…To be a socialist is not just to believe in certain ends, goals, values, or ideals. It also requires a belief in a certain institutional means to achieve those ends; whatever that may mean in positive terms, it certainly presupposes, at a minimum, the belief that these ends and values cannot be achieved in an economic system in which there is widespread private ownership of the means of production…Those who favor socialism generally speak of social ownership, social control, or socialization of the means of production as the distinctive positive feature of a socialist economic system.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Philosophy+and+Economics+of+Market+Socialism%3A+A+Critical+Study&rft.pages=7-8&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-19-508827-4&rft.aulast=Arnold&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fphilosophyeconom00arno&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASosialisme" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFHastings,_Mason_and_Pyper2000" class="citation book cs1">Hastings, Mason and Pyper, Adrian, Alistair and Hugh (21 December 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont00hast"><i>The Oxford Companion to Christian Thought</i></a>. Oxford University Press. m/s. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont00hast/page/677">677</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-860024-4" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-19-860024-4"><bdi>978-0-19-860024-4</bdi></a>. <q>Socialists have always recognized that there are many possible forms of social ownership of which co-operative ownership is one...Nevertheless, socialism has throughout its history been inseparable from some form of common ownership. By its very nature it involves the abolition of private ownership of capital; bringing the means of production, distribution, and exchange into public ownership and control is central to its philosophy. It is difficult to see how it can survive, in theory or practice, without this central idea.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Companion+to+Christian+Thought&rft.pages=677&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2000-12-21&rft.isbn=978-0-19-860024-4&rft.aulast=Hastings%2C+Mason+and+Pyper&rft.aufirst=Adrian%2C+Alistair+and+Hugh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foxfordcompaniont00hast&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASosialisme" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Le Quid.</i> (dalam bahasa Perancis). 1995. m/s. 904.« Le socialisme a commencé par condamner les inégalités sociales et l’exploitation de l’homme par l’homme, et par demander que l’intérêt général prime en tout sur l’intérêt individuel. » </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Nouveau Petit Robert de la langue française</i> (dalam bahasa Perancis). 2007. m/s. 2382. « Doctrine d’organisation sociale qui entend faire prévaloir l’intérêt, le bien général, sur les intérêts particuliers, au moyen d’une organisation concertée (opposée à libéralisme) ; organisation sociale qui tend aux mêmes but dans un souci de progrès social. »</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"In fact, socialism has been both centralist and local; organized from above and built from below; visionary and pragmatic; revolutionary and reformist; anti-state and statist; internationalist and nationalist; harnessed to political parties and shunning them; an outgrowth of trade unionism and independent of it; a feature of rich industrialized countries and poor peasant-based communities" Michael Newman. Socialism: A very Short introduction. Oxford University Press. 2005. p. 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Garrett Ward Sheldon. <i>Encyclopedia of Political Thought</i>. Fact on File. Inc. 2001. p. 280.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFGasper2005" class="citation book cs1">Gasper, Phillip (October 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/communistmanifes0000marx_s7l0"><i>The Communist Manifesto: a road map to history's most important political document</i></a>. Haymarket Books. m/s. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/communistmanifes0000marx_s7l0/page/24">24</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-931859-25-7" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-931859-25-7"><bdi>978-1-931859-25-7</bdi></a>. <q>As the nineteenth century progressed, "socialist" came to signify not only concern with the social question, but opposition to capitalism and support for some form of social ownership.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Communist+Manifesto%3A+a+road+map+to+history%27s+most+important+political+document&rft.pages=24&rft.pub=Haymarket+Books&rft.date=2005-10&rft.isbn=978-1-931859-25-7&rft.aulast=Gasper&rft.aufirst=Phillip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcommunistmanifes0000marx_s7l0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASosialisme" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Anthony_Giddens_1994,_p._71-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Anthony_Giddens_1994,_p._71_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Anthony Giddens. <i>Beyond Left and Right: The Future of Radical Politics</i>. 1998 edition. Cambridge, England, UK: Polity Press, 1994, 1998. p. 71.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Chapter 1 looks at the foundations of the doctrine by examining the contribution made by various traditions of socialism in the period between the early 19th century and the aftermath of the First World War. The two forms that emerged as dominant by the early 1920s were social democracy and communism." Michael Newman. <i>Socialism: A Very Short Introduction</i>. Oxford University Press. 2005. p. 5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">George Thomas Kurian (ed). <i>The Encyclopedia of Political Science</i> CQ Press. Washington, DC 2011. p. 1554</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hetsa.org.au/pdf/34-A-08.pdf">'State Capitalism' in the Soviet Union</a>, M.C. Howard and J.E. King</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_D._Wolff&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard D. Wolff (laman tidak wujud)">Richard D. Wolff</a> (27 June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.truth-out.org/news/item/31567-socialism-means-abolishing-the-distinction-between-bosses-and-employees">Socialism Means Abolishing the Distinction Between Bosses and Employees</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180311070639/http://www.truth-out.org/news/item/31567-socialism-means-abolishing-the-distinction-between-bosses-and-employees">Diarkibkan</a> 2018-03-11 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Truthout&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Truthout (laman tidak wujud)">Truthout</a>.</i> Retrieved 9 July 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Noam Chomsky</a> (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chomsky.info/1986____/">The Soviet Union Versus Socialism</a>. <i>chomsky.info</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Soviet_Union_Has_an_Administered,_Not_a_Planned,_Economy,_1985-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_Soviet_Union_Has_an_Administered,_Not_a_Planned,_Economy,_1985_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFWilhelm1985" class="citation journal cs1">Wilhelm, John Howard (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_europe-asia-studies_1985-01_37_1/page/118">"The Soviet Union Has an Administered, Not a Planned, Economy"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Europe-Asia_Studies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Europe-Asia Studies (laman tidak wujud)">Soviet Studies</a></i>. <b>37</b> (1): 118–30. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F09668138508411571">10.1080/09668138508411571</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soviet+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Soviet+Union+Has+an+Administered%2C+Not+a+Planned%2C+Economy&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=118-30&rft.date=1985&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F09668138508411571&rft.aulast=Wilhelm&rft.aufirst=John+Howard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_europe-asia-studies_1985-01_37_1%2Fpage%2F118&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASosialisme" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFEllman2007" class="citation book cs1">Ellman, Michael (2007). "The Rise and Fall of Socialist Planning". Dalam Estrin, Saul; Kołodko, Grzegorz W.; Uvalić, Milica (penyunting). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/transitionbeyond00libg"><i>Transition and Beyond: Essays in Honour of Mario Nuti</i></a>. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. m/s. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/transitionbeyond00libg/page/n42">22</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-230-54697-4" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-230-54697-4"><bdi>978-0-230-54697-4</bdi></a>. <q>In the USSR in the late 1980s the system was normally referred to as the ‘administrative-command’ economy. What was fundamental to this system was not the plan but the role of administrative hierarchies at all levels of decision making; the absence of control over decision making by the population...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Rise+and+Fall+of+Socialist+Planning&rft.btitle=Transition+and+Beyond%3A+Essays+in+Honour+of+Mario+Nuti&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=22&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-230-54697-4&rft.aulast=Ellman&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftransitionbeyond00libg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASosialisme" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lihat: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFM._Philippa,_F._Debrabandere,_A._Quak,_T._Schoonheim_&_N._van_der_Sijs2009" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">M. Philippa, F. Debrabandere, A. Quak, T. Schoonheim & N. van der Sijs, penyunting (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://etymologiebank.nl/trefwoord/federatie">"socialisme (bepaalde maatschappijvorm)"</a>. <i>Etymologisch Woordenboek van het Nederlands</i>. Amsterdam – melalui EtymologieBank. <q>socialisme zn. ‘leer van gelijkheid en sociale rechtvaardigheid’. Nnl. Een tweede leer die, in veler oog, niet minder door bevalligheid uitmunt; het Socialisme [1848; iWNT]. Internationaal neologisme, wrsch. voor het eerst gevormd in het Frans als <i>socialisme</i> [1831; TLF] en afgeleid van <i>sociaal</i> met het achtervoegsel → -<i>isme</i>.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=socialisme+%28bepaalde+maatschappijvorm%29&rft.btitle=Etymologisch+Woordenboek+van+het+Nederlands&rft.place=Amsterdam&rft.date=2009&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fetymologiebank.nl%2Ftrefwoord%2Ffederatie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASosialisme" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_editors_list&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (laman tidak wujud)">link</a>)</span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnrtl.fr/etymologie/social">"Etymologie de social"</a>. <i>Centre Nationale de Ressources de Textuelles et Lexicalles</i>. 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">Feb 23,</span> 2024</span>. <q>Empr. au lat. <i>socialis</i> « relatif aux alliés » et à l'époque impériale « accordé à la société », dér. de <i>socius</i> « compagnon, associé, allié »</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Centre+Nationale+de+Ressources+de+Textuelles+et+Lexicalles&rft.atitle=Etymologie+de+social&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnrtl.fr%2Fetymologie%2Fsocial&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASosialisme" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Kołakowski2005-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kołakowski2005_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFKołakowski2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leszek_Ko%C5%82akowski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leszek Kołakowski (laman tidak wujud)">Kołakowski, Leszek</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qUCxpznbkaoC"><i>Main Currents of Marxism: The Founders, the Golden Age, the Breakdown</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/W.W._Norton_%26_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="W.W. Norton & Company">W.W. Norton & Company</a>. m/s. 151. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0393-060546" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0393-060546"><bdi>978-0393-060546</bdi></a> – melalui <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Main+Currents+of+Marxism%3A+The+Founders%2C+the+Golden+Age%2C+the+Breakdown&rft.pages=151&rft.pub=W.W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0393-060546&rft.aulast=Ko%C5%82akowski&rft.aufirst=Leszek&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqUCxpznbkaoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASosialisme" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Marvin_Perry_1600,_p._540-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Marvin_Perry_1600,_p._540_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marvin_Perry_1600,_p._540_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFPerryChaseJacobJacob2009" class="citation book cs1">Perry, Marvin; Chase, Myrna; Jacob, Margaret; Jacob, James R. (2009). <i>Western Civilization: Ideas, Politics, and Society – From 1600</i>. <b>2</b> (ed. Ninth). Boston: <a href="/wiki/Houghton_Mifflin_Harcourt" title="Houghton Mifflin Harcourt">Houghton Mifflin Harcourt</a> Publishing Company. m/s. 540. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1305445499" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1305445499"><bdi>978-1305445499</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/1289795802">1289795802</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Western+Civilization%3A+Ideas%2C+Politics%2C+and+Society+%E2%80%93+From+1600&rft.place=Boston&rft.pages=540&rft.edition=Ninth&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin+Harcourt+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1289795802&rft.isbn=978-1305445499&rft.aulast=Perry&rft.aufirst=Marvin&rft.au=Chase%2C+Myrna&rft.au=Jacob%2C+Margaret&rft.au=Jacob%2C+James+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASosialisme" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFKwik_Khing_Djoen1923" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Kwik Khing Djoen (1923). "socialism". <i>Kitab Vortaro: Segala Perkatahan-Perkatahan Asing Jang Soeda Oemoem Di Goena Ken Di Dalem Soerat-Soerat Kabar Melayoe</i>. Batavia: Sin Po. m/s. 282.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=socialism&rft.btitle=Kitab+Vortaro%3A+Segala+Perkatahan-Perkatahan+Asing+Jang+Soeda+Oemoem+Di+Goena+Ken+Di+Dalem+Soerat-Soerat+Kabar+Melayoe&rft.place=Batavia&rft.pages=282&rft.pub=Sin+Po&rft.date=1923&rft.au=Kwik+Khing+Djoen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASosialisme" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Steele_1992_44-45-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Steele_1992_44-45_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFSteele1992" class="citation book cs1">Steele, David (1992). <i>From Marx to Mises: Post-Capitalist Society and the Challenge of Economic Calculation</i>. Open Court Publishing Company. m/s. 44–45. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0875484495" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0875484495"><bdi>978-0875484495</bdi></a>. <q>By 1888, the term 'socialism' was in general use among Marxists, who had dropped 'communism', now considered an old fashioned term meaning the same as 'socialism'. ... At the turn of the century, Marxists called themselves socialists. ... The definition of socialism and communism as successive stages was introduced into Marxist theory by Lenin in 1917. ... the new distinction was helpful to Lenin in defending his party against the traditional Marxist criticism that Russia was too backward for a socialist revolution.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Marx+to+Mises%3A+Post-Capitalist+Society+and+the+Challenge+of+Economic+Calculation&rft.pages=44-45&rft.pub=Open+Court+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0875484495&rft.aulast=Steele&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASosialisme" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBusky2000">Busky (2000)</a>, m/s. 9<span class="error harv-error" style="display: inline; font-size:100%"> harvp error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFBusky2000 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Harv and Sfn template errors (laman tidak wujud)">help</a>)</span>: "In a modern sense of the word, communism refers to the ideology of Marxism–Leninism."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFGregoryStuart2013" class="citation book cs1">Gregory, Paul; Stuart, Robert (2013). <i>The Global Economy and its Economic Systems</i>. South-Western College Publishing. m/s. 159. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1285-05535-0" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1285-05535-0"><bdi>978-1285-05535-0</bdi></a>. <q>Socialist writers of the nineteenth century proposed socialist arrangements for sharing as a response to the inequality and poverty of the industrial revolution. English socialist Robert Owen proposed that ownership and production take place in cooperatives, where all members shared equally. French socialist Henri Saint-Simon proposed to the contrary: socialism meant solving economic problems by means of state administration and planning, and taking advantage of new advances in science.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Global+Economy+and+its+Economic+Systems&rft.pages=159&rft.pub=South-Western+College+Publishing&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1285-05535-0&rft.aulast=Gregory&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.au=Stuart%2C+Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASosialisme" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFRussell1972" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell">Russell, Bertrand</a> (1972). <i>A History of Western Philosophy</i>. Touchstone. m/s. 781.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Western+Philosophy&rft.pages=781&rft.pub=Touchstone&rft.date=1972&rft.aulast=Russell&rft.aufirst=Bertrand&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASosialisme" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kolb-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kolb_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFKolb2007" class="citation book cs1">Kolb, Robert (19 October 2007). <i>Encyclopedia of Business Ethics and Society, First Edition</i>. SAGE Publications, Inc. m/s. 1345. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1412916523" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1412916523"><bdi>978-1412916523</bdi></a>. <q>There are many forms of socialism, all of which eliminate private ownership of capital and replace it with collective ownership. These many forms, all focused on advancing distributive justice for long-term social welfare, can be divided into two broad types of socialism: nonmarket and market.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Business+Ethics+and+Society%2C+First+Edition&rft.pages=1345&rft.pub=SAGE+Publications%2C+Inc&rft.date=2007-10-19&rft.isbn=978-1412916523&rft.aulast=Kolb&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASosialisme" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFBockman2011" class="citation book cs1">Bockman, Johanna (2011). <i>Markets in the name of Socialism: The Left-Wing origins of Neoliberalism</i>. Stanford University Press. m/s. 20. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-8047-7566-3" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-8047-7566-3"><bdi>978-0-8047-7566-3</bdi></a>. <q>socialism would function without capitalist economic categories—such as money, prices, interest, profits and rent—and thus would function according to laws other than those described by current economic science. While some socialists recognised the need for money and prices at least during the transition from capitalism to socialism, socialists more commonly believed that the socialist economy would soon administratively mobilise the economy in physical units without the use of prices or money.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Markets+in+the+name+of+Socialism%3A+The+Left-Wing+origins+of+Neoliberalism&rft.pages=20&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-8047-7566-3&rft.aulast=Bockman&rft.aufirst=Johanna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASosialisme" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFSteele1999" class="citation book cs1">Steele, David Ramsay (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/frommarxtomisesp0000stee"><i>From Marx to Mises: Post Capitalist Society and the Challenge of Economic Calculation</i></a>. Open Court. m/s. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/frommarxtomisesp0000stee/page/175">175</a>–77. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-87548-449-5" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-87548-449-5"><bdi>978-0-87548-449-5</bdi></a>. <q>Especially before the 1930s, many socialists and anti-socialists implicitly accepted some form of the following for the incompatibility of state-owned industry and factor markets. A market transaction is an exchange of property titles between two independent transactors. Thus internal market exchanges cease when all of industry is brought into the ownership of a single entity, whether the state or some other organization...the discussion applies equally to any form of social or community ownership, where the owning entity is conceived as a single organization or administration.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Marx+to+Mises%3A+Post+Capitalist+Society+and+the+Challenge+of+Economic+Calculation&rft.pages=175-77&rft.pub=Open+Court&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-87548-449-5&rft.aulast=Steele&rft.aufirst=David+Ramsay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffrommarxtomisesp0000stee&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASosialisme" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Is Socialism Dead? A Comment on Market Socialism and Basic Income Capitalism</i>, by Arneson, Richard J. 1992. Ethics, vol. 102, no. 3, pp. 485–511. April 1992: "Marxian socialism is often identified with the call to organize economic activity on a nonmarket basis."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Market Socialism: The Debate Among Socialists</i>, by Schweickart, David; Lawler, James; Ticktin, Hillel; Ollman, Bertell. 1998. From "The Difference Between Marxism and Market Socialism" (pp. 61–63): "More fundamentally, a socialist society must be one in which the economy is run on the principle of the direct satisfaction of human needs...Exchange-value, prices and so money are goals in themselves in a capitalist society or in any market. There is no necessary connection between the accumulation of capital or sums of money and human welfare. Under conditions of backwardness, the spur of money and the accumulation of wealth has led to a massive growth in industry and technology ... It seems an odd argument to say that a capitalist will only be efficient in producing use-value of a good quality when trying to make more money than the next capitalist. It would seem easier to rely on the planning of use-values in a rational way, which because there is no duplication, would be produced more cheaply and be of a higher quality."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Economics of Feasible Socialism Revisited</i>, by Nove, Alexander. 1991. p. 13: "Under socialism, by definition, it (private property and factor markets) would be eliminated. There would then be something like ‘scientific management’, ‘the science of socially organized production’, but it would not be economics."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFKotz" class="citation web cs1">Kotz, David M. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://people.umass.edu/dmkotz/Soc_and_Cap_Diff_Syst_06_12.pdf">"Socialism and Capitalism: Are They Qualitatively Different Socioeconomic Systems?"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>University of Massachusetts</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">19 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=University+of+Massachusetts&rft.atitle=Socialism+and+Capitalism%3A+Are+They+Qualitatively+Different+Socioeconomic+Systems%3F&rft.aulast=Kotz&rft.aufirst=David+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpeople.umass.edu%2Fdmkotz%2FSoc_and_Cap_Diff_Syst_06_12.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASosialisme" class="Z3988"></span> "This understanding of socialism was held not just by revolutionary Marxist socialists but also by evolutionary socialists, Christian socialists, and even anarchists. At that time, there was also wide agreement about the basic institutions of the future socialist system: public ownership instead of private ownership of the means of production, economic planning instead of market forces, production for use instead of for profit."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Toward_a_Socialism_for_the_Future,_in_the_Wake_of_the_Demise_of_the_Socialism_of_the_Past_1-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Toward_a_Socialism_for_the_Future,_in_the_Wake_of_the_Demise_of_the_Socialism_of_the_Past_1_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Toward a Socialism for the Future, in the Wake of the Demise of the Socialism of the Past</i>, by Weisskopf, Thomas E. 1992. Review of Radical Political Economics, Vol. 24, No. 3–4, p. 2: "Socialism has historically been committed to the improvement of people's material standards of living. Indeed, in earlier days many socialists saw the promotion of improving material living standards as the primary basis for socialism's claim to superiority over capitalism, for socialism was to overcome the irrationality and inefficiency seen as endemic to a capitalist system of economic organization."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFPrychito2002" class="citation book cs1">Prychito, David L. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/marketsplanningd0000pryc"><i>Markets, Planning, and Democracy: Essays After the Collapse of Communism</i></a>. Edward Elgar Publishing. m/s. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/marketsplanningd0000pryc/page/n21">12</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-84064-519-4" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-84064-519-4"><bdi>978-1-84064-519-4</bdi></a>. <q>Socialism is a system based upon de facto public or social ownership of the means of production, the abolition of a hierarchical division of labor in the enterprise, a consciously organized social division of labor. Under socialism, money, competitive pricing, and profit-loss accounting would be destroyed.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Markets%2C+Planning%2C+and+Democracy%3A+Essays+After+the+Collapse+of+Communism&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=Edward+Elgar+Publishing&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-84064-519-4&rft.aulast=Prychito&rft.aufirst=David+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmarketsplanningd0000pryc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASosialisme" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Toward_a_Socialism_for_the_Future,_in_the_Wake_of_the_Demise_of_the_Socialism_of_the_Past_1_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Toward_a_Socialism_for_the_Future,_in_the_Wake_of_the_Demise_of_the_Socialism_of_the_Past_1-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Social_Dividend_versus_Basic_Income_Guarantee_in_Market_Socialism,_2004-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Social_Dividend_versus_Basic_Income_Guarantee_in_Market_Socialism,_2004_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Social Dividend versus Basic Income Guarantee in Market Socialism</i>, by Marangos, John. 2004. International Journal of Political Economy, vol. 34, no. 3, Fall 2004.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFO'Hara2000" class="citation book cs1">O'Hara, Phillip (2000). <i>Encyclopedia of Political Economy, Volume 2</i>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. m/s. 71. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-415-24187-8" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-415-24187-8"><bdi>978-0-415-24187-8</bdi></a>. <q>Market socialism is the general designation for a number of models of economic systems. On the one hand, the market mechanism is utilized to distribute economic output, to organize production and to allocate factor inputs. On the other hand, the economic surplus accrues to society at large rather than to a class of private (capitalist) owners, through some form of collective, public or social ownership of capital.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Political+Economy%2C+Volume+2&rft.pages=71&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-415-24187-8&rft.aulast=O%27Hara&rft.aufirst=Phillip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASosialisme" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFPierson1995" class="citation book cs1">Pierson, Christopher (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/socialismafterco0000pier"><i>Socialism After Communism: The New Market Socialism</i></a>. Pennsylvania State Univ Press. m/s. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/socialismafterco0000pier/page/96">96</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-271-01478-4" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-271-01478-4"><bdi>978-0-271-01478-4</bdi></a>. <q>At the heart of the market socialist model is the abolition of the large-scale private ownership of capital and its replacement by some form of ‘social ownership’. Even the most conservative accounts of market socialism insist that this abolition of large-scale holdings of private capital is essential. This requirement is fully consistent with the market socialists’ general claim that the vices of market capitalism lie not with the institutions of the market but with (the consequences of) the private ownership of capital...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Socialism+After+Communism%3A+The+New+Market+Socialism&rft.pages=96&rft.pub=Pennsylvania+State+Univ+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-271-01478-4&rft.aulast=Pierson&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsocialismafterco0000pier&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASosialisme" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <dl><dt>Sumber</dt></dl> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFBusky2000" class="citation book cs1">Busky, Donald F. (2000). <i>Democratic Socialism: A Global Survey</i>. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0275968861" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0275968861"><bdi>978-0275968861</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Democratic+Socialism%3A+A+Global+Survey&rft.place=Westport%2C+Connecticut&rft.pub=Praeger&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0275968861&rft.aulast=Busky&rft.aufirst=Donald+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASosialisme" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFLambDocherty2006" class="citation book cs1">Lamb, Peter; Docherty, J. C. (2006). <i>Historical Dictionary of Socialism</i> (ed. 2nd). Lanham: The Scarecrow Press. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0810855601" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0810855601"><bdi>978-0810855601</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Socialism&rft.place=Lanham&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=The+Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0810855601&rft.aulast=Lamb&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=Docherty%2C+J.+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASosialisme" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pautan_luar">Pautan luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sosialisme&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bahagian: Pautan luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sosialisme&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Pautan luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arts.anu.edu.au/suara/">Suara Sosialisme Malaysia</a>: Bahan bacaan sosialis dalam bahasa Melayu</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diambil daripada "<a dir="ltr" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sosialisme&oldid=6143244">https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sosialisme&oldid=6143244</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Kategori" title="Khas:Kategori">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_editors_list&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (laman tidak wujud)">CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Harv_and_Sfn_multiple-target_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Harv and Sfn multiple-target errors (laman tidak wujud)">Harv and Sfn multiple-target errors</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Sosialisme" title="Kategori:Sosialisme">Sosialisme</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Ideologi_politik" title="Kategori:Ideologi politik">Ideologi politik</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Ideologi_ekonomi" title="Kategori:Ideologi ekonomi">Ideologi ekonomi</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Kategori-kategori tersembunyi: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1:_Ketidakpastian_Julian%E2%80%93Gregorian" title="Kategori:CS1: Ketidakpastian Julian–Gregorian">CS1: Ketidakpastian Julian–Gregorian</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pautan_wayback_templat_webarchive" title="Kategori:Pautan wayback templat webarchive">Pautan wayback templat webarchive</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Rencana_yang_mengandungi_teks_bahasa_Belanda" title="Kategori:Rencana yang mengandungi teks bahasa Belanda">Rencana yang mengandungi teks bahasa Belanda</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Lang_and_lang-xx_using_deprecated_ISO_639_codes" title="Kategori:Lang and lang-xx using deprecated ISO 639 codes">Lang and lang-xx using deprecated ISO 639 codes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Rencana_yang_mengandungi_teks_bahasa_Perancis" title="Kategori:Rencana yang mengandungi teks bahasa Perancis">Rencana yang mengandungi teks bahasa Perancis</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Laman ini kali terakhir disunting pada 08:16, 14 Mac 2024.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Teks disediakan di bawah <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ms">Lesen Creative Commons Pengiktirafan/Perkongsian Serupa</a>; terma tambahan mungkin digunapakai. 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