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class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Jules Breton</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 30 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-30" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">30 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="جوليس برتون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جوليس برتون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Breton" title="Jules Breton – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Jules Breton" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Breton" title="Jules Breton – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jules Breton" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Breton" title="Jules Breton – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Jules Breton" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Breton" title="Jules Breton – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jules Breton" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Breton" title="Jules Breton – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Jules Breton" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Breton" title="Jules Breton – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Jules Breton" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Breton" title="Jules Breton – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Jules Breton" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="ژول برتون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ژول برتون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Breton" title="Jules Breton – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jules Breton" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BA%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AC_%D4%B2%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Ժյուլ Բրետոն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ժյուլ Բրետոն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Breton" title="Jules Breton – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Jules Breton" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Breton" title="Jules Breton – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Jules Breton" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Breton" title="Jules Breton – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Jules Breton" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Breton" title="Jules Breton – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Jules Breton" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Breton" title="Jules Breton – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Jules Breton" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BA" title="ജൂലെസ് ബ്രെട്ടൺ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജൂലെസ് ബ്രെട്ടൺ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="جوليس برتون – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جوليس برتون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Breton" title="Jules Breton – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Jules Breton" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%83%96%E3%83%AB%E3%83%88%E3%83%B3" title="ジュール・ブルトン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジュール・ブルトン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Breton" title="Jules Breton – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Jules Breton" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Breton_(pinte)" title="Jules Breton (pinte) – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Jules Breton (pinte)" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Breton" title="Jules Breton – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jules Breton" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Breton" title="Jules Breton – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Jules Breton" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD,_%D0%96%D1%8E%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Бретон, Жюль – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бретон, Жюль" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Breton" title="Jules Breton – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jules Breton" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Breton" title="Jules Breton – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jules Breton" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B6%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Ҷулес Бретон – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҷулес Бретон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Breton" title="Jules Breton – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Jules Breton" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E5%8B%92%E4%B8%9C" title="朱尔·布勒东 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="朱尔·布勒东" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">French painter (1827–1906)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the French chemist-inventor and politician, see <a href="/wiki/Jules-Louis_Breton" title="Jules-Louis Breton">Jules-Louis Breton</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Jules Breton</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Jules_Breton_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Jules_Breton_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Jules_Breton_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="297" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Jules_Breton_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Jules_Breton_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/Jules_Breton_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="419" data-file-height="565" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Jules Adolphe Aimé Louis Breton</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1827-05-01</span>)</span>1 May 1827<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Courri%C3%A8res" title="Courrières">Courrières</a>, France</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">5 July 1906<span style="display:none">(1906-07-05)</span> (aged 79)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, France</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_des_Beaux-Arts" title="École des Beaux-Arts">École des Beaux-Arts</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">Painting</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Movement</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Realism_(visual_arts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Realism (visual arts)">Realism</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jules_Breton,_le_chant_de_l%27alouette.1884.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Jules_Breton%2C_le_chant_de_l%27alouette.1884.jpg/220px-Jules_Breton%2C_le_chant_de_l%27alouette.1884.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="285" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Jules_Breton%2C_le_chant_de_l%27alouette.1884.jpg/330px-Jules_Breton%2C_le_chant_de_l%27alouette.1884.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Jules_Breton%2C_le_chant_de_l%27alouette.1884.jpg/440px-Jules_Breton%2C_le_chant_de_l%27alouette.1884.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2548" data-file-height="3300" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/The_Song_of_the_Lark_(painting)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Song of the Lark (painting)">The Song of the Lark</a></i>, oil on canvas, 1884, <a href="/wiki/Art_Institute_of_Chicago" title="Art Institute of Chicago">Art Institute of Chicago</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Jules Adolphe Aimé Louis Breton</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[ʒyl<span class="wrap"> </span>adɔlf<span class="wrap"> </span>ɛme<span class="wrap"> </span>lwi<span class="wrap"> </span>bʁətɔ̃]</a></span>; 1 May 1827 – 5 July 1906) was a 19th-century French <a href="/wiki/Naturalism_(arts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Naturalism (arts)">naturalist</a> <a href="/wiki/Painting" title="Painting">painter</a>. His paintings are heavily influenced by the French countryside and his absorption of traditional methods of painting helped make him one of the primary transmitters of the beauty and idyllic vision of rural existence. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_training">Early life and training</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jules_Breton&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and training"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Breton was born on 1 May 1827 in <a href="/wiki/Courri%C3%A8res" title="Courrières">Courrières</a>, a small <a href="/wiki/Pas-de-Calais" title="Pas-de-Calais">Pas-de-Calais</a> village. His father, Marie-Louis Breton, supervised land for a wealthy landowner. His mother died when Jules was four and he was brought up by his father. Other family members who lived in the same house were his maternal grandmother, his younger brother, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Breton" title="Émile Breton">Émile</a>, and his uncle Boniface Breton. A respect for tradition, a love of the land and for his native region remained central to his art throughout his life and provided the artist with many scenes for his Salon compositions. </p><p>His first artistic training was not far from Courrières at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=College_St._Bertin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="College St. Bertin (page does not exist)">College St. Bertin</a> near <a href="/wiki/Saint-Omer" title="Saint-Omer">Saint-Omer</a>. He met the painter <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_De_Vigne" title="Félix De Vigne">Félix De Vigne</a> in 1842 who, impressed by his youthful talent, persuaded his family to let him study art. Breton left for <a href="/wiki/Ghent" title="Ghent">Ghent</a> in 1843 where he continued to study art at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Academy_of_Fine_Arts_(Ghent)" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Academy of Fine Arts (Ghent)">Academy of Fine Arts</a> with de Vigne and the painter <a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Van_der_Haert" class="mw-redirect" title="Hendrik Van der Haert">Hendrik Van der Haert</a>. In 1846, Breton moved to <a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a> where he took lessons with <a href="/wiki/Egide_Charles_Gustave_Wappers" class="mw-redirect" title="Egide Charles Gustave Wappers">Egide Charles Gustave Wappers</a> and spent some time copying the works of Flemish masters. In 1847, he left for Paris where he hoped to perfect his artistic training at the <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_des_Beaux-Arts" title="École des Beaux-Arts">École des Beaux-Arts</a>. </p><p> In <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> he studied in the <a href="/wiki/Atelier" title="Atelier">atelier</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Michel_Martin_Drolling" title="Michel Martin Drolling">Michel Martin Drolling</a>. He met and became friends with several of the Realist painters, including <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Bonvin" title="François Bonvin">François Bonvin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gustave_Brion" title="Gustave Brion">Gustave Brion</a> and his early entries at the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Salon" class="mw-redirect" title="Paris Salon">Paris Salon</a> reflected their influence. His first efforts were in historical subjects: <i>Saint Piat preaching in Gaul</i> then, under the influence of the revolution of 1848, he represented <i>Misery and Despair</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Salon displayed his painting <i>Misery and Despair</i> in 1849 and <i>Hunger</i> in 1850–51. </p><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brooklyn_Museum_-_Fin_du_travail_(The_End_of_the_Working_Day)_-_Jules_Breton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Brooklyn_Museum_-_Fin_du_travail_%28The_End_of_the_Working_Day%29_-_Jules_Breton.jpg/350px-Brooklyn_Museum_-_Fin_du_travail_%28The_End_of_the_Working_Day%29_-_Jules_Breton.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Brooklyn_Museum_-_Fin_du_travail_%28The_End_of_the_Working_Day%29_-_Jules_Breton.jpg/525px-Brooklyn_Museum_-_Fin_du_travail_%28The_End_of_the_Working_Day%29_-_Jules_Breton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Brooklyn_Museum_-_Fin_du_travail_%28The_End_of_the_Working_Day%29_-_Jules_Breton.jpg/700px-Brooklyn_Museum_-_Fin_du_travail_%28The_End_of_the_Working_Day%29_-_Jules_Breton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1087" /></a><figcaption><i>The End of the Working Day</i>, 1886–87, <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Museum" title="Brooklyn Museum">Brooklyn Museum</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Both paintings have since been destroyed. After <i>Hunger</i> was successfully shown in <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ghent" title="Ghent">Ghent</a>, Breton moved to <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> where he met his future wife Elodie. Elodie was the daughter of his early teacher Félix de Vigne. In 1852, Breton returned to France. But he had discovered that he was not born to be a historical painter, and he returned to the memories of nature and of the country which were impressed on him in early youth.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1853 he exhibited <i>Return of the Reapers</i>, the first of numerous rural peasant scenes influenced by the works of the Swiss painter <a href="/wiki/Louis_L%C3%A9opold_Robert" title="Louis Léopold Robert">Louis Léopold Robert</a>. Breton's interest in peasant imagery was well established from then on and what he is best known for today. In 1854, he returned to the village of Courrières where he settled. He began <i><a href="/wiki/The_Gleaners_(Breton_painting)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Gleaners (Breton painting)">The Gleaners</a></i>, a work inspired by seasonal field labor and the plight of the less fortunate who were left to gather what remained in the field after the harvest. <i>The Gleaners</i> received a third class medal, which launched Breton's career. He received commissions from the State and many of his works were purchased by the French Art Administration and sent to provincial museums. His 1857 painting <i>Blessing of the Wheat, Artois</i> was exhibited at the Salon the same year and won a second class medal. </p><p>Breton married Elodie de Vigne in 1858. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fame_during_his_lifetime">Fame during his lifetime</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jules_Breton&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Fame during his lifetime"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pardon_at_Kergoat_by_Jules_Breton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Pardon_at_Kergoat_by_Jules_Breton.jpg/350px-Pardon_at_Kergoat_by_Jules_Breton.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Pardon_at_Kergoat_by_Jules_Breton.jpg/525px-Pardon_at_Kergoat_by_Jules_Breton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Pardon_at_Kergoat_by_Jules_Breton.jpg/700px-Pardon_at_Kergoat_by_Jules_Breton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1437" data-file-height="752" /></a><figcaption><i>A <a href="/wiki/Pardon_(ceremony)" title="Pardon (ceremony)">Pardon</a> in Kergoat</i> (1891). Breton visited Brittany several times, believing he had (as his name implied) Breton ancestry.</figcaption></figure> <p>He continued to exhibit throughout the 1870s and into the 1880s and 1890s and his reputation grew. His poetic renderings of single peasant female figures in a landscape, posed against the setting sun, remained very popular, especially in the United States. Since his works were so popular, Breton often produced copies of some of his images. He was extremely popular in his own time, exhibiting numerous compositions at the Salons that were widely available as engravings. He was one of the best known painters of his period in his native France as well as England and the United States. </p><p>In 1886, <a href="/wiki/Donald_Smith,_1st_Baron_Strathcona_and_Mount_Royal" title="Donald Smith, 1st Baron Strathcona and Mount Royal">Donald Smith, 1st Baron Strathcona and Mount Royal</a>, bid $45,000 at a New York auction for Breton's work <i>The Communicants</i> (1884).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At that time, the price was the second highest price paid for a painting by a living artist.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The painting changed hands again in 2016 and commanded $1.27 million.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That figure is very close to the 1886 auction price after adjusting for inflation. Also in 1886, Breton was elected a member of the <a href="/wiki/Institut_de_France" title="Institut de France">Institut de France</a> on the death of Baudry. </p><p>In 1887 <a href="/wiki/Knoedler" title="Knoedler">New York art dealer M. Knoedler</a> ordered two paintings from Breton,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> commissioned <a href="/wiki/Charles_Albert_Waltner" title="Charles Albert Waltner">Charles Albert Waltner</a> to etch the <a href="/wiki/Salon_(Paris)" title="Salon (Paris)">grand Salon work</a> the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.musee-orsay.fr/en/collections/works-in-focus/painting/commentaire_id/calling-in-the-gleaners-2081.html?tx_commentaire_pi1%5BpidLi%5D=509&tx_commentaire_pi1%5Bfrom%5D=841&cHash=89b5c67890"><i>Recall of the Gleaners</i> (1859)</a> and then held a special exhibition of his works in 1888.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1889 Breton was made commander of the Legion of Honor, and in 1899 foreign member of the Royal Academy of London. His brother Emile, an architect by training, and his daughter Virginie were also painters. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WoundedSeagull.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/WoundedSeagull.JPG/220px-WoundedSeagull.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/WoundedSeagull.JPG/330px-WoundedSeagull.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/WoundedSeagull.JPG/440px-WoundedSeagull.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3835" data-file-height="4640" /></a><figcaption><i>Wounded Seagull</i> (1878) oil on canvas, depicting a woman on the coast of Brittany holding a bird to her breast, with others flying in the distance.</figcaption></figure> <p>He also wrote several books, and was a recognized writer who published a volume of poems (<i>Jeanne</i>) and several editions of prose relating his life as an artist and the lives of other artists that he personally knew; among them <i>Les Champs et la mer</i> (1876), <i>Nos peintres du siècle</i> (1900), <i>Delphine Bernard</i> (1902), and <i>La Peinture</i> (1904). Breton died in Paris on 5 July 1906. </p><p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition"><i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i> Eleventh Edition</a> 1911, Breton was essentially a painter of rustic life, especially in the province of Artois, which he quit only three times for short excursions: in 1864 to Provence, and in 1865 and 1873 to Brittany, whence he derived some of his happiest studies of religious scenes. His numerous subjects may be divided generally into four classes: labour, rest, rural festivals and religious festivals. Among his more important works, with their location as of 1911, may be named <i>Women Gleaning,</i> and <i>The Day after St Sebastian's Day</i> (1855), which gained him a third-class medal; <i>Blessing the Fields</i> (1857), a second-class medal; <i>Erecting a Calvary</i> (1859), now in the Lille gallery; <i>The Return of the Gleaners</i> (1859), now in the Luxembourg; <i>Evening</i> and <i>Women Weeding</i> (1861), a first-class medal; <i>Grandfather's Birthday</i> (1862); <i>The Close of Day</i> (1865); <i>Harvest</i> (1867); <i>Potato Gatherers</i> (1868); <i><a href="/wiki/The_Weeders_(Jules_Breton)" title="The Weeders (Jules Breton)">The Weeders</a></i> (1868); <i>A Pardon, Brittany</i> (1869); <i>The Fountain</i> (1872), medal of honour; <i>The Bonfires of St John</i> (1875); <i>Women mending Nets</i> (1876), in the Douai museum; <i>A Gleaner</i> (1877), Luxembourg; <i>Evening, Finistère</i> (1881); <i><a href="/wiki/The_Song_of_the_Lark_(painting)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Song of the Lark (painting)">The Song of the Lark</a></i> (1884); <i>The Last Sunbeam</i> (1885); <i>The Shepherd's Star</i> (1887); <i>The Call Home</i> (1889); <i>The Last Gleanings</i> (1895); <i>Gathering Poppies</i> (1897); <i>The Alarm Cry</i> (1899); <i>Twilight Glory</i> (1900).<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Posthumous_fame">Posthumous fame</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jules_Breton&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Posthumous fame"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Arguably, Breton's fame peaked posthumously in 1934 at <a href="/wiki/Century_of_Progress" title="Century of Progress">The Chicago World's Fair</a>. <a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Roosevelt" title="Eleanor Roosevelt">First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt</a> unveiled <i>The Song of the Lark</i> as the winner of the <i><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Daily_News" title="Chicago Daily News">Chicago Daily News</a></i> contest to find the "most beloved work of art in America". Further, she declared the painting as being her personal favorite painting.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "At this moment <i>The Song of the Lark</i> had come to represent the popular American artistic taste on a national level."<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of course, since <i>The Song of the Lark</i> was recently given to the <a href="/wiki/Art_Institute_of_Chicago" title="Art Institute of Chicago">Art Institute of Chicago</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> this particular work of Breton had an advantage over Breton works at other American museums. Breton, however, was not universally appreciated. The American art establishment of the 1930s considered works of Breton to be lowbrow and the director of the Art Institute of Chicago itself argued for the removal of the work from display.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was not until the later half of the twentieth century, that Breton's social realism became more respectable again.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To a degree, one can argue that posthumously Breton's fame fell victim to the success during his lifetime. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (May 2024)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> His most detailed works either went straight into museums or were collected by the likes of <a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay_Frick" title="Henry Clay Frick">Henry Clay Frick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catharine_Lorillard_Wolfe" title="Catharine Lorillard Wolfe">Catharine Lorillard Wolfe</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Morgan_family" title="Morgan family">Morgan family</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_E._Huntington" title="Henry E. Huntington">Henry Huntington</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Field" title="Marshall Field">the Field family</a>. These were collectors of such great wealth that they tended to either donate their collections to their favorite local museum or founded their own museum such as the <a href="/wiki/Huntington_Library" title="Huntington Library">Huntington</a>. Meanwhile, the exponential increase in <a href="/wiki/Printmaking" title="Printmaking">printmaking</a> in the 19th century<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> flooded the market with inexpensive prints of Breton's works. In 2019, dozens of these 19th century prints are available on websites like <a href="/wiki/EBay" title="EBay">EBay</a> beginning at under $10. </p><p>Breton's change in fame can be contrasted with his contemporary the artist <a href="/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh">Vincent van Gogh</a>. During their lifetimes, Breton was a celebrated and highly paid successful artist. He spent months creating some of his works. Whereas, in 1880 <a href="/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh">Vincent van Gogh</a> was so poor he walked on foot 85 kilometers to <a href="/wiki/Courri%C3%A8res" title="Courrières">Courrières</a> to pay a visit to Breton, whom he greatly admired, but turned back, put off by Breton's high wall.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> No great collectors flocked to purchase van Gogh's works during his lifetime, he received no commissions to paint from New York City, no prints were made while he lived, and he died in poverty. However, at a 2015 auction van Gogh's work <a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Paysage_sous_un_ciel_mouvement%C3%A9.jpg"><i>Paysage Sous un ciel Mouvement</i></a>, painted at a time he generated one work per day,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> commanded $54 million.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ironically, in a letter to his brother Theo, van Gogh mentions he viewed Breton's painting <i>The Song of the Lark</i> and considered it to be "fine".<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prints_and_reproductions">Prints and reproductions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jules_Breton&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Prints and reproductions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1898 Knoedler published a catalog of their prints and listed 8 prints after Jules Breton including <i>The Evening</i> etched by Charles Waltner, 4 prints etched by Lionel Aristide Lecouteux, <i>The Song of the Lark</i> by Charles Louis Kratke, and <i>Last Ray</i> by Paul-Adolphe Rajon.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other publishers of his prints included <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Tooth_%26_Sons" title="Arthur Tooth & Sons">Arthur Tooth & Sons</a> of London, Detroit Publishing Co,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Morris & Bendien of New York. Other etchers include Charles Koepping and W. S. Lathrop<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Leopold Joseph Flameng.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most prints tended to be rather small and unsigned. A few have survived to this day that were signed by both Jules Breton and the etcher. Works by Breton are still popular today and are being reproduced in <i><a href="/wiki/Gicl%C3%A9e" title="Giclée">giclée</a></i> framed and unframed as well as everything from shopping bags to pillows and bed covers<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as tee-shirts and coffee mugs.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Homages">Homages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jules_Breton&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Homages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1912, rue Jules Breton in the <a href="/wiki/13th_arrondissement_of_Paris" title="13th arrondissement of Paris">13th arrondissement of Paris</a> was given his name. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Willa_Cather" title="Willa Cather">Willa Cather</a>'s 1915 novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Song_of_the_Lark_(novel)" title="The Song of the Lark (novel)">The Song of the Lark</a></i> takes its name from Breton's 1884 painting. </p><p>In February 2014, actor <a href="/wiki/Bill_Murray" title="Bill Murray">Bill Murray</a> disclosed at a press event for the film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Monuments_Men" title="The Monuments Men">The Monuments Men</a></i>, that a chance encounter with Breton's <i>The Song of the Lark</i> at the <a href="/wiki/Art_Institute_of_Chicago" title="Art Institute of Chicago">Art Institute of Chicago</a> helped him at a low point in his early career.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jules_Breton&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-EB1911-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span>One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Breton,_Jules_Adolphe_Aim%C3%A9_Louis" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Breton, Jules Adolphe Aimé Louis">Breton, Jules Adolphe Aimé Louis</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 501.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Breton%2C+Jules+Adolphe+Aim%C3%A9+Louis&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=501&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJules+Breton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6oAzAQAAMAAJ&q=breton%20painting%20sold%201886%20New%20York%20for%20%2445%2C000&pg=PA347">"The American Annual Cyclopedia and Register of Important Events ..., Volume 26"</a>. 1887.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+American+Annual+Cyclopedia+and+Register+of+Important+Events+...%2C+Volume+26&rft.date=1887&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6oAzAQAAMAAJ%26q%3Dbreton%2520painting%2520sold%25201886%2520New%2520York%2520for%2520%252445%252C000%26pg%3DPA347&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJules+Breton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200131071744/http://www.andersongalleries.com/sold-works/breton-jules">"Biography of Jules Breton"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.andersongalleries.com/sold-works/breton-jules">the original</a> on 31 January 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Biography+of+Jules+Breton&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.andersongalleries.com%2Fsold-works%2Fbreton-jules&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJules+Breton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sothebys.com/en/auctions/ecatalogue/2016/19th-century-european-art-n09499/lot.8.html">"Sotheby's 2016 auction 19th Century European Art"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sotheby%27s+2016+auction+19th+Century+European+Art&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sothebys.com%2Fen%2Fauctions%2Fecatalogue%2F2016%2F19th-century-european-art-n09499%2Flot.8.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJules+Breton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.schillerandbodo.com/artists/breton/artworks/le-matin">"Schiller & Bodo European Paintings, New York"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Schiller+%26+Bodo+European+Paintings%2C+New+York&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.schillerandbodo.com%2Fartists%2Fbreton%2Fartworks%2Fle-matin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJules+Breton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p15324coll8/id/646">"Concerning Delacroix and Jules Breton, apropos of a special exhibition of their work at the galleries of M. Knoedler and Company, successors to Goupil and Company"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Concerning+Delacroix+and+Jules+Breton%2C+apropos+of+a+special+exhibition+of+their+work+at+the+galleries+of+M.+Knoedler+and+Company%2C+successors+to+Goupil+and+Company&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flibmma.contentdm.oclc.org%2Fdigital%2Fcollection%2Fp15324coll8%2Fid%2F646&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJules+Breton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/facebook/17179183149/10156424373413150">"Facebook page of Art Institute of Chicago"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a></i>. Archived from <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/artic/posts/10156424373413150?comment_id=10156424813193150">the original</a></span> on 26 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Facebook&rft.atitle=Facebook+page+of+Art+Institute+of+Chicago&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fartic%2Fposts%2F10156424373413150%3Fcomment_id%3D10156424813193150&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJules+Breton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMayWardle2014" class="citation book cs1">May, Cheryll; Wardle, Marian, eds. (17 March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_2sxBwAAQBAJ&q=Eleanor+Roosevelt%E2%80%99s+Jules+Breton&pg=PA48"><i>A Seamless Web: Transatlantic Art in the Nineteenth Century</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Scholars_Publishing" title="Cambridge Scholars Publishing">Cambridge Scholars Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4438-5747-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4438-5747-5"><bdi>978-1-4438-5747-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Seamless+Web%3A+Transatlantic+Art+in+the+Nineteenth+Century&rft.pub=Cambridge+Scholars+Publishing&rft.date=2014-03-17&rft.isbn=978-1-4438-5747-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_2sxBwAAQBAJ%26q%3DEleanor%2BRoosevelt%25E2%2580%2599s%2BJules%2BBreton%26pg%3DPA48&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJules+Breton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.artic.edu/artworks/94841/the-song-of-the-lark">"The Song of the Lark: On view at the Art Institute of Chicago"</a>. <i>Art Institute of Chicago</i>. 1884.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Art+Institute+of+Chicago&rft.atitle=The+Song+of+the+Lark%3A+On+view+at+the+Art+Institute+of+Chicago&rft.date=1884&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.artic.edu%2Fartworks%2F94841%2Fthe-song-of-the-lark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJules+Breton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEskilson2019" class="citation journal cs1">Eskilson, Stephen (Fall 2019). "Contesting the Canons: The Song of the Lark and the Art Institute of Chicago". <i>Journal of the History of Collections</i>. <b>15</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">263–</span>264.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+History+of+Collections&rft.atitle=Contesting+the+Canons%3A+The+Song+of+the+Lark+and+the+Art+Institute+of+Chicago&rft.ssn=fall&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E263-%3C%2Fspan%3E264&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=Eskilson&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJules+Breton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoakley2017" class="citation journal cs1">Hoakley (12 April 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eclecticlight.co/2017/04/12/jules-bretons-eternal-harvest-5-1890-1906/">"Jules Breton's Eternal Harvest: 5 1890–1906"</a>. <i>The Eclectic Light Company Macs, Painting, and More</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Eclectic+Light+Company+Macs%2C+Painting%2C+and+More&rft.atitle=Jules+Breton%27s+Eternal+Harvest%3A+5+1890%E2%80%931906&rft.date=2017-04-12&rft.au=Hoakley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feclecticlight.co%2F2017%2F04%2F12%2Fjules-bretons-eternal-harvest-5-1890-1906%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJules+Breton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIves" class="citation web cs1">Ives, Cota. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/prnt2/hd_prnt2.htm">"The Print in the Nineteenth Century"</a>. <i>The Met</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Met&rft.atitle=The+Print+in+the+Nineteenth+Century&rft.aulast=Ives&rft.aufirst=Cota&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.metmuseum.org%2Ftoah%2Fhd%2Fprnt2%2Fhd_prnt2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJules+Breton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Martin Gayford, <i>The Yellow House: Van Gogh, Gauguin, and Nine Turbulent Weeks in Arles,</i> Fig Tree, Penguin, 2006. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-670-91497-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-670-91497-5">0-670-91497-5</a>. See page 177.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vangoghmuseum.nl/en/125-questions/questions-and-answers/question-108-of-125">"Erwin Adema asks how long Van Gogh took to complete a painting. Have a look at the answer"</a>. <i>van Gogh Museum</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=van+Gogh+Museum&rft.atitle=Erwin+Adema+asks+how+long+Van+Gogh+took+to+complete+a+painting.+Have+a+look+at+the+answer.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vangoghmuseum.nl%2Fen%2F125-questions%2Fquestions-and-answers%2Fquestion-108-of-125&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJules+Breton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sothebys.com/en/auctions/ecatalogue/2015/impressionist-modern-art-evening-sale-n09415/lot.14.html">"THE COLLECTION OF LOUIS & EVELYN FRANCK Vincent van Gogh PAYSAGE SOUS UN CIEL MOUVEMENTÉ"</a>. <i>Sotheby's</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sotheby%27s&rft.atitle=THE+COLLECTION+OF+LOUIS+%26+EVELYN+FRANCK+Vincent+van+Gogh+PAYSAGE+SOUS+UN+CIEL+MOUVEMENT%C3%89&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sothebys.com%2Fen%2Fauctions%2Fecatalogue%2F2015%2Fimpressionist-modern-art-evening-sale-n09415%2Flot.14.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJules+Breton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let500/letter.html#translation">"500 (503, 406): To Theo van Gogh. Nuenen, Monday, 4 and Tuesday, 5 May 1885. - Vincent van Gogh Letters"</a>. <i>www.vangoghletters.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.vangoghletters.org&rft.atitle=500+%28503%2C+406%29%3A+To+Theo+van+Gogh.+Nuenen%2C+Monday%2C+4+and+Tuesday%2C+5+May+1885.+-+Vincent+van+Gogh+Letters&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vangoghletters.org%2Fvg%2Fletters%2Flet500%2Fletter.html%23translation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJules+Breton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p15324coll8/id/1394/rec/1">"Knoedler and Company Exhibition Catalogs M. Knoedler & Co., New York Page 43"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Knoedler+and+Company+Exhibition+Catalogs+M.+Knoedler+%26+Co.%2C+New+York+Page+43&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flibmma.contentdm.oclc.org%2Fdigital%2Fcollection%2Fp15324coll8%2Fid%2F1394%2Frec%2F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJules+Breton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/resource/det.4a26134/">"Library of Congress: The song of the lark"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Library+of+Congress&rft.atitle=Library+of+Congress%3A+The+song+of+the+lark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Fresource%2Fdet.4a26134%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJules+Breton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/etchingsafterfam00amer/etchingsafterfam00amer_djvu.txt">"Etchings after famous paintings by modern masters of the needle"</a>. 1920.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Etchings+after+famous+paintings+by+modern+masters+of+the+needle&rft.date=1920&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fetchingsafterfam00amer%2Fetchingsafterfam00amer_djvu.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJules+Breton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraves1905" class="citation web cs1">Graves, Algernon (1905). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UN8rVbQU5WsC&q=%22Return+from+Harvesting%22+breton&pg=PA123">"The Royal Academy of Arts: A Complete Dictionary of Contributors ..., Volume 3"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Royal+Academy+of+Arts%3A+A+Complete+Dictionary+of+Contributors+...%2C+Volume+3&rft.date=1905&rft.aulast=Graves&rft.aufirst=Algernon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUN8rVbQU5WsC%26q%3D%2522Return%2Bfrom%2BHarvesting%2522%2Bbreton%26pg%3DPA123&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJules+Breton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fineartamerica.com/featured/calling-in-the-gleaners-jules-breton.html">"Fine Art America: Calling In The Gleaners"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fine+Art+America%3A+Calling+In+The+Gleaners&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffineartamerica.com%2Ffeatured%2Fcalling-in-the-gleaners-jules-breton.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJules+Breton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.redbubble.com/people/dejavustudio/works/37698575-jules-breton-song-of-the-lark?p=mens-graphic-t-shirt&rbs=968f31cb-7408-412f-a167-93121e110128&ref=similar_products">"Tee-shirts with Song of the Lark"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tee-shirts+with+Song+of+the+Lark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.redbubble.com%2Fpeople%2Fdejavustudio%2Fworks%2F37698575-jules-breton-song-of-the-lark%3Fp%3Dmens-graphic-t-shirt%26rbs%3D968f31cb-7408-412f-a167-93121e110128%26ref%3Dsimilar_products&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJules+Breton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8eOIcWB7jSA">Video</a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jules_Breton&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output 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