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Available in 15 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="حكومة مجلس البلدية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حكومة مجلس البلدية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A6_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="মেয়র-পরিষদ সরকার – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মেয়র-পরিষদ সরকার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="نظام شهردار-شورایی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نظام شهردار-شورایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B0-%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A6_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="महापौर-परिषद सरकार – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="महापौर-परिषद सरकार" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemerintahan_wali_kota%E2%80%93dewan" title="Pemerintahan wali kota–dewan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pemerintahan wali kota–dewan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%93%D7%9C_%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9_%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%94%E2%80%93%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%A6%D7%94" title="מודל ראש עירייה–מועצה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מודל ראש עירייה–מועצה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="მერია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მერია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%82%E9%95%B7%E3%83%BB%E8%AD%B0%E4%BC%9A%E5%88%B6" title="市長・議会制 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="市長・議会制" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayor%E2%80%93council_government" title="Mayor–council government – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mayor–council government" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B3%DB%95%DA%B5%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%95%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%93%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%85%DB%95%D9%86" title="دەسەڵاتی شارەوان–ئەنجومەن – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دەسەڵاتی شارەوان–ئەنجومەن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="மேயர்-குழு அரசாங்கம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மேயர்-குழு அரசாங்கம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belediye_ba%C5%9Fkan%C4%B1-meclis_y%C3%B6netimi" title="Belediye başkanı-meclis yönetimi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Belediye başkanı-meclis yönetimi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A6%D8%B1-%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%84_%D8%AD%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%85%D8%AA" title="میئر-کونسل حکومت – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="میئر-کونسل حکومت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%ADnh_quy%E1%BB%81n_th%E1%BB%8B_tr%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Fng-h%E1%BB%99i_%C4%91%E1%BB%93ng" title="Chính quyền thị trưởng-hội đồng – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chính quyền thị trưởng-hội đồng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%82%E9%95%BF-%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A%E5%88%B6%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="市长-议会制政府 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" 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.sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Category:Politics" title="Category:Politics">Politics series</a></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="border-top:1px #fafafa solid; border-bottom:1px #fafafa solid; background:#efefef; background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); padding:0.2em;">Common forms of <a href="/wiki/Local_government" title="Local government">local government</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);;color: var(--color-base)">Executive and legislature <a href="/wiki/Separation_of_powers" title="Separation of powers">separate</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mayor - Council</a><br /> <p><span style="font-size:85%;">Executive <a href="/wiki/Mayor" title="Mayor">mayor</a> elected by the people, elected legislative <a href="/wiki/City_council" class="mw-redirect" title="City council">City council</a></span> <br /> </p> <hr /> <p><a href="/wiki/Council%E2%80%93manager_government" title="Council–manager government">Council - Manager</a><br /> </p> <span style="font-size:85%;">Executive <a href="/wiki/City_manager" title="City manager">city manager</a> hired by the elected City Council</span></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);;color: var(--color-base)">Executive and legislature <a href="/wiki/Fusion_of_powers" title="Fusion of powers">fused</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><a href="/wiki/City_commission_government" title="City commission government">City Commission</a> <br /> <span style="font-size:85%;">Elected commission enacts laws and governs</span></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Direct_democracy" title="Direct democracy">Direct democratic forms</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><a href="/wiki/Town_meeting" title="Town meeting">Town meeting</a> <br /> <span style="font-size:85%;">Citizens vote on policy, officers, and laws</span></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Executive_arrangements" title="Executive arrangements">Executive arrangements</a> in <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">Leader and cabinet<br /> <p><span style="font-size:85%;">Executive leader elected by the council from among themselves</span> </p> <hr /> <p>Elected mayor and cabinet<br /> <span style="font-size:85%;">Executive mayor elected by the people</span> </p> <hr /> <p>Committee system<br /> <span style="font-size:85%;">Executive leader and executive committees elected by the council from among themselves</span> </p> <hr /></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="background:#efefef;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/16px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/24px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/32px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Local_government_forms" title="Template:Local government forms"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Local_government_forms" title="Template talk:Local government forms"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Local_government_forms" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Local government forms"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>mayor–council government</b> is a system of <a href="/wiki/Local_government" title="Local government">local government</a> in which a <a href="/wiki/Mayor" title="Mayor">mayor</a> who is directly elected by the voters acts as chief executive, while a separately elected <a href="/wiki/City_council" class="mw-redirect" title="City council">city council</a> constitutes the legislative body. It is one of the two most common forms of <a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_the_United_States" title="Local government in the United States">local government in the United States</a>, and is the form most frequently adopted in large cities, although the other common form, <a href="/wiki/Council%E2%80%93manager_government" title="Council–manager government">council–manager government</a>, is the local government form of more municipalities.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The form may be categorized into two main variations depending on the relative power of the mayor compared to the council, the <i>strong-mayor</i> variant and the <i>weak-mayor</i> variant. </p><p>In a typical <i>strong-mayor</i> system, the elected mayor is granted almost total administrative authority with the power to appoint and dismiss department heads, although some city charters or prevailing state law may require council ratification. In such a system, the mayor's administrative staff often prepares the city budget, although that budget must be approved by the council.<sup id="cite_ref-JSOTR_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JSOTR-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mayor may also have veto rights over council votes, with the council able to override such a veto. </p><p>Conversely, in a <i>weak-mayor</i> system, the mayor has no formal authority outside the council, serving a largely ceremonial role as council chairperson and is elected by the citizens of the city. The mayor cannot directly appoint or remove officials and lacks veto power over council votes.<sup id="cite_ref-saffell_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-saffell-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most major North American cities use the strong-mayor form of the mayor–council system, whereas middle-sized and small North American cities tend to use the council–manager system.<sup id="cite_ref-GIA_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GIA-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mayor%E2%80%93council_government&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/City_commission_government" title="City commission government">City commission government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Town_meeting" title="Town meeting">Town meeting</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Strong_Mayors,_Building_Homes_Act" title="Strong Mayors, Building Homes Act">Strong Mayors, Building Homes Act</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mayor%E2%80%93council_government&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-JSOTR-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-JSOTR_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKathy_HayesSemoon_Chang1990" class="citation journal cs1">Kathy Hayes; Semoon Chang (July 1990). "The Relative Efficiency of City Manager and Mayor–Council Forms of Government". <i>Southern Economic Journal</i>. <b>57</b> (1): 167–177. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1060487">10.2307/1060487</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1060487">1060487</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Southern+Economic+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Relative+Efficiency+of+City+Manager+and+Mayor%E2%80%93Council+Forms+of+Government&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=167-177&rft.date=1990-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1060487&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1060487%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=Kathy+Hayes&rft.au=Semoon+Chang&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMayor%E2%80%93council+government" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-saffell-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-saffell_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaffell,_Dave_C.Harry_Basehart2009" class="citation book cs1">Saffell, Dave C.; Harry Basehart (2009). <i>State and Local Government: Politics and Public Policies</i> (9th ed.). McGraw Hill. p. 237. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-07-352632-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-07-352632-4"><bdi>978-0-07-352632-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=State+and+Local+Government%3A+Politics+and+Public+Policies.&rft.pages=237&rft.edition=9th&rft.pub=McGraw+Hill&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-07-352632-4&rft.au=Saffell%2C+Dave+C.&rft.au=Harry+Basehart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMayor%E2%80%93council+government" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GIA-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GIA_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeorge_C._Edwards_IIIRobert_L._LineberryMartin_P._Wattenberg2006" class="citation book cs1">George C. 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Pearson Education. pp. 677–678. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-321-29236-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-321-29236-7"><bdi>0-321-29236-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Government+in+America&rft.pages=677-678&rft.pub=Pearson+Education&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-321-29236-7&rft.au=George+C.+Edwards+III&rft.au=Robert+L.+Lineberry&rft.au=Martin+P.+Wattenberg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMayor%E2%80%93council+government" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mayor–council_government&oldid=1258607012">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mayor–council_government&oldid=1258607012</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Forms_of_local_government" title="Category:Forms of local government">Forms of local government</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Local_government_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Local government in the United States">Local government in the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Local_government_in_Canada" title="Category:Local government in Canada">Local government in Canada</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_September_2024" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from September 2024">Articles with unsourced statements from September 2024</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 20 November 2024, at 17:03<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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