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vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Total_documents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.3</span> <span>Total documents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Total_documents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Article_Impact_Total_(AIT)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Article_Impact_Total_(AIT)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.4</span> <span>Article Impact Total (AIT)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Article_Impact_Total_(AIT)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citation_Impact_Total_(CIT)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citation_Impact_Total_(CIT)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.5</span> <span>Citation Impact Total (CIT)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citation_Impact_Total_(CIT)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_collaboration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_collaboration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.6</span> <span>International collaboration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_collaboration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Current_rankings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_rankings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Current rankings</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Current_rankings-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Current rankings subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Current_rankings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Global_ranking" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Global_ranking"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Global ranking</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Global_ranking-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rankings_by_field" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rankings_by_field"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Rankings by field</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rankings_by_field-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commentary_and_reception" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commentary_and_reception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Commentary and reception</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Commentary_and_reception-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Commentary and reception subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Commentary_and_reception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-URAP_in_Research,_Books,_and_Reports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#URAP_in_Research,_Books,_and_Reports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>URAP in Research, Books, and Reports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-URAP_in_Research,_Books,_and_Reports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-URAP_in_Press" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#URAP_in_Press"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>URAP in Press</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-URAP_in_Press-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-URAP_in_university_reports_and_websites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#URAP_in_university_reports_and_websites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>URAP in university reports and websites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-URAP_in_university_reports_and_websites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Criticism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_and_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_and_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes and references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_and_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"URAP" redirects here. For the dish, see <a href="/wiki/Urap" title="Urap">Urap</a>. For the language, see <a href="/wiki/Urap_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Urap language">Urap language</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p><p>The <b>University Ranking by Academic Performance</b><sup id="cite_ref-urapweb_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-urapweb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<b>URAP</b>) is a <a href="/wiki/College_and_university_rankings" title="College and university rankings">university ranking</a> developed by the Informatics Institute<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of <a href="/wiki/Middle_East_Technical_University" title="Middle East Technical University">Middle East Technical University</a>. Since 2010, it has been publishing annual national<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and global<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/College_and_university_rankings" title="College and university rankings">college and university rankings</a> for top 2000 institutions. The <a href="/wiki/Scientometrics" title="Scientometrics">scientometrics</a> measurement of URAP is based on data obtained from the <a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Scientific_Information" title="Institute for Scientific Information">Institute for Scientific Information</a> via <a href="/wiki/Web_of_Science" title="Web of Science">Web of Science</a> and inCites. For global rankings, URAP employs indicators of research performance including the number of articles, citation, total documents, article impact total, citation impact total, and international collaboration. In addition to global rankings, URAP publishes regional rankings for universities in <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> using additional indicators such as the number of students and faculty members obtained from Center of Measuring, Selection and Placement <a href="/wiki/%C3%96SYM" class="mw-redirect" title="ÖSYM">ÖSYM</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Methodology">Methodology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_Ranking_by_Academic_Performance&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Methodology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>URAP gathers data from international bibliometric databases such as <a href="/wiki/Web_of_Science" title="Web of Science">Web of Science</a> and InCites provided by the <a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Scientific_Information" title="Institute for Scientific Information">Institute for Scientific Information</a>. URAP uses data of 2,500 Higher Education Institutions (HEI) with highest number of articles published. The overall score of each HEI is based on its performance over several indicators. Of 2500 selected HEIs, the top 2000 are included in the rankings published by URAP. Field based rankings are performed on 23 fields based on Australia ERA.<sup id="cite_ref-era_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-era-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indicators">Indicators</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_Ranking_by_Academic_Performance&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Indicators"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>URAP uses 6 main indicator to measure the academic performance. These indicators are number of articles, citation, total documents, article impact total, citation impact total, and international collaboration. The raw bibliometric data underlying URAP's 6 main indicators have highly skewed distribution. To address this issue, the median of the indicators have been used. The Delphi system was conducted with a group of experts to assign weighting scores to the indicators. Total score of 600 is distributed to indicators. URAP uses additional indicators for ranking universities in <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> including the number of students and faculty members. The following table shows the indicators used for global rankings in URAP as of 2014. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Indicator </th> <th>Objective </th> <th>Weight (out of 600) </th> <th>Source </th></tr> <tr> <td>Number of Articles </td> <td>Scientific Productivity </td> <td>%21 </td> <td>InCites </td></tr> <tr> <td>Citation </td> <td>Research Impact </td> <td>%21 </td> <td>InCites </td></tr> <tr> <td>Total Documents </td> <td>Scientific Productivity </td> <td>%10 </td> <td>InCites </td></tr> <tr> <td>Article Impact Total </td> <td>Research Quality </td> <td>%18 </td> <td>InCites </td></tr> <tr> <td>Citation Impact Total </td> <td>Research Quality </td> <td>%15 </td> <td>InCites </td></tr> <tr> <td>International Collaboration </td> <td>International Acceptance </td> <td>%15 </td> <td>InCites </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Number_of_articles">Number of articles</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_Ranking_by_Academic_Performance&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Number of articles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Number of articles is used as a measure of current scientific productivity which includes articles indexed by Web of Science. This indicator covers articles, reviews and notes. The weight of this indicator in the overall ranking is %21. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Citation">Citation</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_Ranking_by_Academic_Performance&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Citation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Citation, as an indicator in URAP ranking, is a measure of research impact. It is scored according to the total number of citations received. The weight of this indicator in the overall ranking is %21. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Total_documents">Total documents</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_Ranking_by_Academic_Performance&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Total documents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Total documents is the measure of sustainability and continuity of scientific productivity. The total document count covers all scholarly literature provided by the Web of Science database, including conference papers, reviews, letters, discussions, scripts, and journal articles. The weight of this indicator in the overall ranking is %10. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Article_Impact_Total_(AIT)"><span id="Article_Impact_Total_.28AIT.29"></span>Article Impact Total (AIT)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_Ranking_by_Academic_Performance&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Article Impact Total (AIT)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Article Impact Total (AIT) is a measure of scientific productivity adjusted by the ratio of institution's Citation Per Publication (CPP) to the world CPP in 23 subject areas. The ratio of the institution's CPP and the world CPP indicates whether the institution is performing above or below the world average in that field. This ratio is multiplied by the number of publications in that field and then summed across the 23 fields, as shown in the following formula: </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle AIT=\sum _{i=1}^{23}{\Bigg [}{\Bigg (}{\frac {CPP_{i}}{CPP\_{World_{i}}}}{\Bigg )}*Articles_{i}{\Bigg ]}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>A</mi> <mi>I</mi> <mi>T</mi> <mo>=</mo> <munderover> <mo>∑</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>23</mn> </mrow> </munderover> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo maxsize="2.470em" minsize="2.470em">[</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo maxsize="2.470em" minsize="2.470em">(</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>C</mi> <mi>P</mi> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>C</mi> <mi>P</mi> <mi>P</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">_</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>W</mi> <mi>o</mi> <mi>r</mi> <mi>l</mi> <msub> <mi>d</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo maxsize="2.470em" minsize="2.470em">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>∗</mo> <mi>A</mi> <mi>r</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mi>i</mi> <mi>c</mi> <mi>l</mi> <mi>e</mi> <msub> <mi>s</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo maxsize="2.470em" minsize="2.470em">]</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle AIT=\sum _{i=1}^{23}{\Bigg [}{\Bigg (}{\frac {CPP_{i}}{CPP\_{World_{i}}}}{\Bigg )}*Articles_{i}{\Bigg ]}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ae6838ebb73f7c0e6d1079c5df8eefda0f6c6880" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.171ex; width:43.655ex; height:7.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle AIT=\sum _{i=1}^{23}{\Bigg [}{\Bigg (}{\frac {CPP_{i}}{CPP\_{World_{i}}}}{\Bigg )}*Articles_{i}{\Bigg ]}}"></span> </p><p>The weight of this indicator in the overall ranking is %18. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Citation_Impact_Total_(CIT)"><span id="Citation_Impact_Total_.28CIT.29"></span>Citation Impact Total (CIT)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_Ranking_by_Academic_Performance&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Citation Impact Total (CIT)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Citation Impact Total (CIT) is a measure of research impact corrected by the institution's normalized CPP with respect to the world CPP in 23 subject areas. The ratio of the institution's CPP and the world CPP indicates whether the institution is performing above or below the world average in that field. This ratio is multiplied by the number of citations in that field and then summed across the 23 fields, as shown in the following formula: </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle CIT=\sum _{i=1}^{23}{\Bigg [}{\Bigg (}{\frac {CPP_{i}}{CPP\_{World_{i}}}}{\Bigg )}*Citations_{i}{\Bigg ]}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>C</mi> <mi>I</mi> <mi>T</mi> <mo>=</mo> <munderover> <mo>∑</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>23</mn> </mrow> </munderover> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo maxsize="2.470em" minsize="2.470em">[</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo maxsize="2.470em" minsize="2.470em">(</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>C</mi> <mi>P</mi> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>C</mi> <mi>P</mi> <mi>P</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">_</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>W</mi> <mi>o</mi> <mi>r</mi> <mi>l</mi> <msub> <mi>d</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo maxsize="2.470em" minsize="2.470em">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>∗</mo> <mi>C</mi> <mi>i</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mi>i</mi> <mi>o</mi> <mi>n</mi> <msub> <mi>s</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo maxsize="2.470em" minsize="2.470em">]</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle CIT=\sum _{i=1}^{23}{\Bigg [}{\Bigg (}{\frac {CPP_{i}}{CPP\_{World_{i}}}}{\Bigg )}*Citations_{i}{\Bigg ]}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a83f7e2d6749dd36224aaec894ba74ee7e8e8d4e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.171ex; width:45.263ex; height:7.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle CIT=\sum _{i=1}^{23}{\Bigg [}{\Bigg (}{\frac {CPP_{i}}{CPP\_{World_{i}}}}{\Bigg )}*Citations_{i}{\Bigg ]}}"></span> </p><p>The weight of this indicator in the overall ranking is %15. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="International_collaboration">International collaboration</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_Ranking_by_Academic_Performance&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: International collaboration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>International Collaboration is a measure of global acceptance of the institution. International collaboration data, which is based on the total number of published studies conducted in collaboration with foreign universities, is obtained from InCites. The weight of this indicator in the overall ranking is %15. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Current_rankings">Current rankings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_Ranking_by_Academic_Performance&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Current rankings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Global_ranking">Global ranking</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_Ranking_by_Academic_Performance&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Global ranking"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="sortable wikitable"> <caption>University Ranking by Academic Performance—Top 50<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Institution </th> <th>2021-22<sup id="cite_ref-:4_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>2020-21<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>2019–20<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>2018–19<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>2017–18<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>2016–17<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>2015–16<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>2014–15<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto" title="University of Toronto">University of Toronto</a> </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/University_College_London" title="University College London">University College London</a> </td> <td>3 </td> <td>4</td> <td>3</td> <td>5</td> <td>6</td> <td>5</td> <td>6</td> <td>6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a> </td> <td>4 </td> <td>3</td> <td>4</td> <td>4</td> <td>5</td> <td>4</td> <td>8</td> <td>7 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a> </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5</td> <td>5</td> <td>3</td> <td>3</td> <td>3</td> <td>3</td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University" title="Johns Hopkins University">Johns Hopkins University</a> </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6</td> <td>6</td> <td>6</td> <td>8</td> <td>6</td> <td>4</td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a> </td> <td>7 </td> <td>7</td> <td>7</td> <td>7</td> <td>9</td> <td>8</td> <td>5</td> <td>5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">University of Michigan</a> </td> <td>8 </td> <td>8</td> <td>8</td> <td>9</td> <td>11</td> <td>10</td> <td>10</td> <td>10 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/University_of_Washington" title="University of Washington">University of Washington</a> </td> <td>9 </td> <td>10</td> <td>9</td> <td>10</td> <td>12</td> <td>11</td> <td>11</td> <td>11 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tsinghua_University" title="Tsinghua University">Tsinghua University</a> </td> <td>10 </td> <td>12</td> <td>12</td> <td>18</td> <td>25</td> <td>38</td> <td>48</td> <td>58 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Jiao_Tong_University" title="Shanghai Jiao Tong University">Shanghai Jiao Tong University</a> </td> <td>11 </td> <td>18</td> <td>19</td> <td>24</td> <td>32</td> <td>39</td> <td>50</td> <td>59 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Imperial_College_London" title="Imperial College London">Imperial College London</a> </td> <td>12 </td> <td>13</td> <td>13</td> <td>11</td> <td>16</td> <td>15</td> <td>15</td> <td>15 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/University_of_Paris-Saclay" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Paris-Saclay">University of Paris-Saclay</a> </td> <td>13 </td> <td>9</td> <td>94<sup id="cite_ref-UPS_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UPS-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>91<sup id="cite_ref-UPS_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UPS-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>80<sup id="cite_ref-UPS_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UPS-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>87<sup id="cite_ref-UPS_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UPS-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>70<sup id="cite_ref-UPS_15-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UPS-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>69<sup id="cite_ref-UPS_15-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UPS-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania" title="University of Pennsylvania">University of Pennsylvania</a> </td> <td>14 </td> <td>15</td> <td>14</td> <td>15</td> <td>14</td> <td>13</td> <td>13</td> <td>13 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Zhejiang_University" title="Zhejiang University">Zhejiang University</a> </td> <td>15 </td> <td>20</td> <td>20</td> <td>31</td> <td>33</td> <td>34</td> <td>42</td> <td>46 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Los_Angeles" title="University of California, Los Angeles">University of California, Los Angeles</a> </td> <td>16 </td> <td>16</td> <td>15</td> <td>13</td> <td>13</td> <td>12</td> <td>12</td> <td>12 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a> </td> <td>17 </td> <td>11</td> <td>11</td> <td>8</td> <td>7</td> <td>7</td> <td>7</td> <td>9 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sorbonne_University" title="Sorbonne University">Sorbonne University</a> </td> <td>18 </td> <td>14</td> <td>10</td> <td>17</td> <td>4<sup id="cite_ref-UPMC_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UPMC-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>26<sup id="cite_ref-UPMC_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UPMC-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>26<sup id="cite_ref-UPMC_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UPMC-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>25<sup id="cite_ref-UPMC_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UPMC-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a> </td> <td>19 </td> <td>17</td> <td>16</td> <td>14</td> <td>15</td> <td>14</td> <td>14</td> <td>14 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/University_of_Sydney" title="University of Sydney">University of Sydney</a> </td> <td>20 </td> <td>24</td> <td>24</td> <td>23</td> <td>26</td> <td>27</td> <td>29</td> <td>30 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark"><img alt="Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/University_of_Copenhagen" title="University of Copenhagen">University of Copenhagen</a> </td> <td>21 </td> <td>19</td> <td>18</td> <td>16</td> <td>17</td> <td>16</td> <td>16</td> <td>22 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Peking_University" title="Peking University">Peking University</a> </td> <td>22 </td> <td>21</td> <td>21</td> <td>22</td> <td>29</td> <td>33</td> <td>44</td> <td>48 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/University_of_Melbourne" title="University of Melbourne">University of Melbourne</a> </td> <td>23 </td> <td>25</td> <td>23</td> <td>26</td> <td>30</td> <td>31</td> <td>30</td> <td>29 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/University_of_Paris_(2019)" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Paris (2019)">University of Paris</a> </td> <td>24 </td> <td>23</td> <td>97<sup id="cite_ref-UPD_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UPD-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>95<sup id="cite_ref-UPD_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UPD-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>87<sup id="cite_ref-UPD_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UPD-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>85<sup id="cite_ref-UPD_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UPD-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>78<sup id="cite_ref-UPD_17-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UPD-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>76<sup id="cite_ref-UPD_17-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UPD-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_San_Diego" title="University of California, San Diego">University of California, San Diego</a> </td> <td>25 </td> <td>26</td> <td>22</td> <td>19</td> <td>18</td> <td>17</td> <td>17</td> <td>16 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_San_Francisco" title="University of California, San Francisco">University of California, San Francisco</a> </td> <td>26 </td> <td>30</td> <td>31</td> <td>28</td> <td>24</td> <td>22</td> <td>19</td> <td>18 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore"><img alt="Singapore" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/23px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/35px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/45px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Singapore" title="National University of Singapore">National University of Singapore</a> </td> <td>27 </td> <td>32</td> <td>28</td> <td>30</td> <td>27</td> <td>29</td> <td>32</td> <td>34 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a> </td> <td>28 </td> <td>28</td> <td>29</td> <td>25</td> <td>23</td> <td>25</td> <td>25</td> <td>24 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/University_of_British_Columbia" title="University of British Columbia">University of British Columbia</a> </td> <td>29 </td> <td>29</td> <td>27</td> <td>27</td> <td>21</td> <td>21</td> <td>22</td> <td>20 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a> </td> <td>30 </td> <td>27</td> <td>26</td> <td>21</td> <td>20</td> <td>19</td> <td>20</td> <td>21 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><img alt="Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/University_of_S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="University of São Paulo">University of São Paulo</a> </td> <td>31 </td> <td>33</td> <td>33</td> <td>38</td> <td>36</td> <td>40</td> <td>35</td> <td>31 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Monash_University" title="Monash University">Monash University</a> </td> <td>32 </td> <td>37</td> <td>39</td> <td>46</td> <td>53</td> <td>57</td> <td>62</td> <td>64 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a> </td> <td>33 </td> <td>22</td> <td>17</td> <td>12</td> <td>10</td> <td>9</td> <td>9</td> <td>8 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/University_of_Queensland" title="University of Queensland">University of Queensland</a> </td> <td>34 </td> <td>35</td> <td>35</td> <td>39</td> <td>40</td> <td>41</td> <td>43</td> <td>51 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sun_Yat-sen_University" title="Sun Yat-sen University">Sun Yat-sen University</a> </td> <td>35 </td> <td>48</td> <td>60</td> <td>83</td> <td>93</td> <td>99</td> <td>113</td> <td>116 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Duke_University" title="Duke University">Duke University</a> </td> <td>36 </td> <td>34</td> <td>34</td> <td>33</td> <td>28</td> <td>24</td> <td>24</td> <td>23 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/University_of_Tokyo" title="University of Tokyo">University of Tokyo</a> </td> <td>37 </td> <td>31</td> <td>25</td> <td>20</td> <td>19</td> <td>18</td> <td>18</td> <td>17 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/KU_Leuven" title="KU Leuven">KU Leuven</a> </td> <td>38 </td> <td>38</td> <td>37</td> <td>42</td> <td>41</td> <td>23</td> <td>23</td> <td>38 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/University_of_New_South_Wales" title="University of New South Wales">University of New South Wales</a> </td> <td>39 </td> <td>42</td> <td>44</td> <td>52</td> <td>60</td> <td>71</td> <td>74</td> <td>78 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/University_of_Amsterdam" title="University of Amsterdam">University of Amsterdam</a> </td> <td>40 </td> <td>40</td> <td>48</td> <td>51</td> <td>63</td> <td>61</td> <td>61</td> <td>61 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ohio_State_University" title="Ohio State University">Ohio State University</a> </td> <td>41 </td> <td>39</td> <td>38</td> <td>36</td> <td>38</td> <td>37</td> <td>33</td> <td>32 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Huazhong_University_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Huazhong University of Science and Technology">Huazhong University of Science and Technology</a> </td> <td>42 </td> <td>49</td> <td>56</td> <td>81</td> <td>94</td> <td>111</td> <td>135</td> <td>155 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh" title="University of Pittsburgh">University of Pittsburgh</a> </td> <td>43 </td> <td>43</td> <td>40</td> <td>35</td> <td>35</td> <td>32</td> <td>31</td> <td>28 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Karolinska_Institute" title="Karolinska Institute">Karolinska Institute</a> </td> <td>44 </td> <td>50</td> <td>51</td> <td>48</td> <td>51</td> <td>53</td> <td>60</td> <td>57 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Fudan_University" title="Fudan University">Fudan University</a> </td> <td>45 </td> <td>54 </td> <td>58 </td> <td>62 </td> <td>68 </td> <td>74 </td> <td>90 </td> <td>94 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a> </td> <td>46 </td> <td>36</td> <td>30</td> <td>29</td> <td>22</td> <td>20</td> <td>21</td> <td>19 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Northwestern_University" title="Northwestern University">Northwestern University</a> </td> <td>47 </td> <td>46</td> <td>45</td> <td>43</td> <td>46</td> <td>38</td> <td>37</td> <td>37 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Utrecht_University" title="Utrecht University">Utrecht University</a> </td> <td>48 </td> <td>45</td> <td>42</td> <td>40</td> <td>45</td> <td>44</td> <td>37</td> <td>35 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea"><img alt="South Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Seoul_National_University" title="Seoul National University">Seoul National University</a> </td> <td>49 </td> <td>51 </td> <td>47 </td> <td>49 </td> <td>44 </td> <td>50 </td> <td>36 </td> <td>42 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/University_of_Minnesota" title="University of Minnesota">University of Minnesota</a> </td> <td>50 </td> <td>44</td> <td>32</td> <td>32</td> <td>31</td> <td>28</td> <td>27</td> <td>27 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rankings_by_field">Rankings by field</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_Ranking_by_Academic_Performance&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Rankings by field"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://urapcenter.org/Rankings/2020-2021/fields">https://urapcenter.org/Rankings/2020-2021/fields</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Commentary_and_reception">Commentary and reception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_Ranking_by_Academic_Performance&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Commentary and reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>URAP covers considerably more institutions than other major ranking systems. In a section about URAP in “Where Are the Global Rankings Leading Us? An Analysis of Recent Methodological Changes and New Developments” published in the <a href="/wiki/European_Journal_of_Education" title="European Journal of Education">European Journal of Education</a> it is mentioned that ”While it is less well-known than SRG, ARWU, THE, and QS, it is interesting because it published a list of 2000 universities, while the above rankings cover a maximum of 700 universities.”<sup id="cite_ref-where_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-where-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is also mentioned in the “EUA report on Ranking for 2013 “ published by the <a href="/wiki/European_University_Association" title="European University Association">European University Association</a>. It indicates that URAP, along with <a href="/wiki/SCImago" class="mw-redirect" title="SCImago">SCImago</a> ranking system, “fill an important gap in the rankings market in that their indicators measure the performance of substantially more universities, up to 2000 in the case of URAP and over 3000 in SCImago, compared to only 400 in THE, 500 in SRC ARWU, NTU ranking and CWTS Leiden, and around 700 in QS.”<sup id="cite_ref-eua_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eua-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>URAP is mentioned as one of the four ranking systems that solely measure the academic performance. The other three are <a href="/wiki/Performance_Ranking_of_Scientific_Papers_for_World_Universities" title="Performance Ranking of Scientific Papers for World Universities">Performance Ranking of Scientific Papers for World Universities</a>, <a href="/wiki/CWTS_Leiden_Ranking" title="CWTS Leiden Ranking">CWTS Leiden Ranking</a>, and SCImago Institutions Rankings.<sup id="cite_ref-partial_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-partial-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> URAP excludes teaching indicators, such as student quality and teaching performance, from global rankings and only covers research-oriented indicators.<sup id="cite_ref-where_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-where-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ireg_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ireg-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the “International Benchmarking in UK higher Education”<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> report of the <a href="/wiki/Higher_Education_Statistics_Agency" title="Higher Education Statistics Agency">Higher Education Statistics Agency</a>, URAP is listed among the benchmarking resources for measuring academic. In the same report, URAP is categorized in the “whole university rankings” along with <a href="/wiki/Times_Higher_Education_World_University_Rankings" title="Times Higher Education World University Rankings">Times Higher Education World University Rankings</a> (THE), <a href="/wiki/QS_World_University_Rankings" title="QS World University Rankings">QS World University Rankings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Academic_Ranking_of_World_Universities" title="Academic Ranking of World Universities">Academic Ranking of World Universities</a> (ARWU), CHE Excellence Rankings, RatER Global University Ranking of World Universities, <a href="/wiki/Webometrics_Ranking_of_World_Universities" title="Webometrics Ranking of World Universities">Webometrics Ranking of World Universities</a>, 2010 World University Ranking, SIR World Report, <a href="/wiki/CWTS_Leiden_Ranking" title="CWTS Leiden Ranking">CWTS Leiden Ranking</a>, U-Multirank, European Research Ranking, <a href="/wiki/Performance_Ranking_of_Scientific_Papers_for_World_Universities" title="Performance Ranking of Scientific Papers for World Universities">Performance Ranking of Scientific Papers for World Universities</a>, Human Resources & Labor Review (HRLR), and Professional Classification of Higher Education Institutions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="URAP_in_Research,_Books,_and_Reports"><span id="URAP_in_Research.2C_Books.2C_and_Reports"></span>URAP in Research, Books, and Reports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_Ranking_by_Academic_Performance&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: URAP in Research, Books, and Reports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>URAP is mentioned and used in several studies based on, or referring to, global rankings. In the “World University Ranking Systems: An Alternative Approach Using Partial Least Squares Path Modeling”<sup id="cite_ref-partial_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-partial-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> article, published in the <i>Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management</i>, Urap is incorporated in the suggested model as one of the nine major worldwide university ranking systems along with ARWU, QS, Times, Webometrics, Taiwan. Leiden, SIR, and CWUR. In the same article, URAP is categorized among the ranking systems that are based solely on publication performance. The other ranking systems in the same category are <a href="/wiki/Performance_Ranking_of_Scientific_Papers_for_World_Universities" title="Performance Ranking of Scientific Papers for World Universities">Performance Ranking of Scientific Papers for World Universities</a>, <a href="/wiki/CWTS_Leiden_Ranking" title="CWTS Leiden Ranking">CWTS Leiden Ranking</a>, and SCImago Institutions Rankings. </p><p>The following is a list of some of the books, peer reviewed articles, and conference proceedings that have covered URAP or have incorporated it in their models or comparisons. </p> <ul><li>Where Are the Global Rankings Leading Us? An Analysis of Recent Methodological Changes and New Developments, European Journal of Education <sup id="cite_ref-where_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-where-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>World university ranking systems: an alternative approach using partial least squares path modelling, Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management <sup id="cite_ref-partial_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-partial-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Sustainable Development and Quality Assurance in Higher Education: Transformation of Learning and Society<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Determinants of University Choice: A Study on Economics Departments in Turkey, Journal of Higher Education.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Collecting University Rankings for Comparison Using Web Extraction and Entity Linking Techniques, Information and Communication Technologies in Education, Research, and Industrial Applications.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>URAP-TR: a national ranking for Turkish universities based on academic performance, Scientometrics.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Global University Rankings and Their Impact, EUA Report in Rankings 2013, European University Association.<sup id="cite_ref-eua_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eua-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Contributions of Turkish academicians supervising PhD dissertations and their universities to economics: an evaluation of the 1990–2011 period, Scientometrics.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A Type-2 Fuzzy MCDM Method for Ranking Private Universities in İstanbul, Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering, 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Adoption of Web 2.0 in academic libraries of top African universities, The Electronic Library.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Examining Job Description to Develop Job Performance Indicators for Higher Education Institution Based on MBNQA Education Criteria, Journal of Education & Vocational Research.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Software Quality in Academic Curriculum: A Case Study in Turkey, 12th International Conference on Computational Science and Its Applications (ICCSA).<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>University Ranking Lists:A directory., 2013 Report, Division of Analysis and Evaluation, University of Gothenburg.<sup id="cite_ref-gothenburg_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gothenburg-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The "ASERF E News Bulletin on Education" published by Apeejay Stya Education Research Foundation compares the ranking results of THE with other ranking systems, including URAP and QS, for the top 10 universities in some countries.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="URAP_in_Press">URAP in Press</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_Ranking_by_Academic_Performance&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: URAP in Press"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Thomson Reuters partners with Times on university rankings<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Press release of <a href="/wiki/University_of_T%C3%BCbingen" title="University of Tübingen">University of Tübingen</a>, released on 03.04.2013, covered the ranking of the university based in URAP.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Turkey and Arab states announce new HE collaboration, University World News<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Power and responsibility – The growing influence of global rankings, University World News<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>10 Turkish universities rank among top 500, Hurriyet Daily News<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The report of inclusion of five Romanian universities in international rankings based on QS, URAP, U-maltirank, and other ranking systems.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="URAP_in_university_reports_and_websites">URAP in university reports and websites</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_Ranking_by_Academic_Performance&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: URAP in university reports and websites"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Annual URAP ranking results are used by a number of listed universities to indicate their academic performance. The following is a short list of links to university pages that has mentioned URAP results either independently or in conjunction with other ranking results. </p> <ul><li>The comparison of the latest results and previous results of URAP, along with other ranking systems, Provided by the <a href="/wiki/Polytechnic_University_of_Catalonia" title="Polytechnic University of Catalonia">Polytechnic University of Catalonia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The profile of the rankings of <a href="/wiki/Newcastle_University" title="Newcastle University">Newcastle University</a> from 2010 to 2014<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the current ranking results according to URAP and other ranking systems.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>URAP ranking results for top 16 universities of Thailand for 2013-2014 for <a href="/wiki/Mahidol_University" title="Mahidol University">Mahidol University</a> . The report also includes the results for 2012-2013 and the results of all major ranking systems<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The report of the global standing of <a href="/wiki/Seoul_National_University" title="Seoul National University">Seoul National University</a> including the URAP results for 2014-2015<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>On page 32 of the "Annual Report for the year ended March 31, 2013" of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Calgary" title="University of Calgary">University of Calgary</a> has used URAP results for 2012 to compare the university with its top 5 peers.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The report of the ranking of <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh" title="University of Pittsburgh">University of Pittsburgh</a> based on URAP results since 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>News report of the ranking of <a href="/wiki/University_College_Dublin" title="University College Dublin">University College Dublin</a> based in URAP and QS.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Global ranking in 2011 of the <a href="/wiki/Griffith_University" title="Griffith University">Griffith University</a> based in ARWU, QS, THE, Leiden, and URAP.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>On page 6 of the "Facts and Figures" report published by the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Erlangen-Nuremberg" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Erlangen-Nuremberg">University of Erlangen-Nuremberg</a> URAP result is used to justify that their ranking in other systems is not a "one-off success story".<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism">Criticism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_Ranking_by_Academic_Performance&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The indicators used in URAP are absolute values and size-dependent making it biased towards larger institutions.<sup id="cite_ref-eua_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eua-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ireg_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ireg-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the “EUA report on Ranking for 2013“ published by the <a href="/wiki/European_University_Association" title="European University Association">European University Association</a>, URAP disregards books, excludes studies in arts and humanities areas, and under-represents social sciences. Furthermore, URAP does not employ any compensation for different publication cultures due to the lack of field-normalization of the results of bibliometric indicators. The report further states that “The results of the indicator on citation numbers in particular, as well as those on publication counts, are thus skewed towards the natural sciences and especially medicine.” It also states that excluding teaching indicators by URAP makes its focus solely on research-oriented institutions.<sup id="cite_ref-eua_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eua-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The “University Ranking Lists: A directory” report published by the Division for Analysis and Evaluation of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Gothenburg" title="University of Gothenburg">University of Gothenburg</a> points out a problem that might arise from including more than 500 institutions in the ranking system. It states that “It [URAP] lists 2000 universities, and the purpose is to provide a ranking that covers not only institutions in the Western elite group. This purpose contrasts starkly with other ranking producers’ decisions not to publish more than the 400-500 top positions of their lists, since they do not consider their methods reliable below that level. [URAP] do not comment this problem.”<sup id="cite_ref-gothenburg_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gothenburg-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_Ranking_by_Academic_Performance&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/College_and_university_rankings" title="College and university rankings">College and university rankings</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_Ranking_by_Academic_Performance&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This table lists the top 50 institutions as of the 2020–21 rankings.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UPS-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UPS_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UPS_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UPS_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UPS_15-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UPS_15-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UPS_15-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">As <a href="/wiki/University_of_Paris-Sud" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Paris-Sud">University of Paris-Sud</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UPMC-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UPMC_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UPMC_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UPMC_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UPMC_16-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">As <a href="/wiki/Pierre_and_Marie_Curie_University" title="Pierre and Marie Curie University">Pierre and Marie Curie University</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UPD-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UPD_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UPD_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UPD_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UPD_17-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UPD_17-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UPD_17-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">As <a href="/wiki/Paris_Diderot_University" title="Paris Diderot University">Paris Diderot University</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_and_references">Notes and references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_Ranking_by_Academic_Performance&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Notes and references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-urapweb-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-urapweb_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Griffith+University&rft.atitle=Griffith%27s+global+rankings+in+2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.griffith.edu.au%2F__data%2Fassets%2Fpdf_file%2F0006%2F403638%2Finternationalisation_global_ranking_2011.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+Ranking+by+Academic+Performance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fau.de/files/2013/10/facts-and-figures.pdf">"Facts and Figures"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>University of Erlangen-Nuremberg</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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university rankings">University ranking systems</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Global</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_Ranking_of_World_Universities" title="Academic Ranking of World Universities">Academic Ranking of World Universities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_World_University_Rankings" class="mw-redirect" title="Center for World University Rankings">Center for World University Rankings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CWTS_Leiden_Ranking" title="CWTS Leiden Ranking">CWTS Leiden Ranking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_and_university_rankings#Global_University_Ranking" title="College and university rankings">Global University Ranking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mines_ParisTech:_Professional_Ranking_of_World_Universities" title="Mines ParisTech: Professional Ranking of World Universities">Mines ParisTech: Professional Ranking of World Universities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Performance_Ranking_of_Scientific_Papers_for_World_Universities" title="Performance Ranking of Scientific Papers for World Universities">Performance Ranking of Scientific Papers for World Universities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QS_World_University_Rankings" title="QS World University Rankings">QS World University Rankings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Round_University_Ranking" title="Round University Ranking">Round University Ranking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCImago_Institutions_Rankings" title="SCImago Institutions Rankings">SCImago Institutions Rankings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Times_Higher_Education_World_University_Rankings" title="Times Higher Education World University Rankings">Times Higher Education World University Rankings</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">University Ranking by Academic Performance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report_Best_Global_University_Ranking" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. News & World Report Best Global University Ranking">U.S. News & World Report Best Global University Ranking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webometrics_Ranking_of_World_Universities" title="Webometrics Ranking of World Universities">Webometrics Ranking of World Universities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_and_university_rankings#World's_Universities_with_Real_Impact" title="College and university rankings">World's Universities with Real Impact</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Regional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rankings_of_universities_in_the_European_Union" title="Rankings of universities in the European Union">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rankings_of_universities_in_Latin_America" title="Rankings of universities in Latin America">Latin America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rankings_of_universities_in_ASEAN" title="Rankings of universities in ASEAN">ASEAN</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Australia#Rankings_of_universities" title="List of universities in Australia">Australia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Excellence_in_Research_for_Australia" title="Excellence in Research for Australia">Excellence in Research for Australia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rankings_of_universities_in_Brazil" title="Rankings of universities in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rankings_of_universities_in_Canada" title="Rankings of universities in Canada">Canada</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Maclean%27s#Guide_to_Canadian_Universities" title="Maclean's">Maclean's</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_and_university_rankings#China" title="College and university rankings">China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Best_Chinese_Universities_Ranking" title="Best Chinese Universities Ranking">BCUR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu_Shulian_Chinese_university_rankings" title="Wu Shulian Chinese university rankings">Wu Shulian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CUAA_Chinese_university_ranking" title="CUAA Chinese university ranking">CUAA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_university_ranking_(Netbig)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese university ranking (Netbig)">Netbig</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rankings_of_universities_in_France" title="Rankings of universities in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_and_university_rankings#Germany" title="College and university rankings">Germany</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CHE_University_Ranking" title="CHE University Ranking">CHE</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institutional_Ranking_Framework" title="National Institutional Ranking Framework">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_and_university_rankings#Japan" title="College and university rankings">Japan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Going_broke_universities_%E2%80%93_Disappearing_universities" class="mw-redirect" title="Going broke universities – Disappearing universities">Going broke universities – Disappearing universities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truly_Strong_Universities" title="Truly Strong Universities">Truly Strong Universities</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academic_rankings_of_universities_in_Mexico" title="Academic rankings of universities in Mexico">Mexico</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/College_and_university_rankings#Mexico" title="College and university rankings">ECUM</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rankings_of_universities_in_Pakistan" title="Rankings of universities in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_and_university_rankings#Russian_Federation" title="College and university rankings">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rankings_of_universities_in_South_Africa" title="Rankings of universities in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rankings_of_universities_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Rankings of universities in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_and_university_rankings_in_the_United_States" title="College and university rankings in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Measuring_University_Performance" title="Center for Measuring University Performance">Center for Measuring University Performance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faculty_Scholarly_Productivity_Index" title="Faculty Scholarly Productivity Index">Faculty Scholarly Productivity Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forbes_Magazine%27s_List_of_America%27s_Best_Colleges" class="mw-redirect" title="Forbes Magazine's List of America's Best Colleges"><i>Forbes</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Princeton_Review#College_admissions" title="The Princeton Review">The Princeton Review</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report_Best_Colleges_Ranking" title="U.S. News & World Report Best Colleges Ranking">U.S. News & World Report</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Washington_Monthly#College_rankings" title="Washington Monthly">Washington Monthly</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/What_Will_They_Learn%3F" title="What Will They Learn?">What Will They Learn?</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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