{"title":"A Structural and Magnetic Investigation of the Inversion Degree in Spinel NiFe2O4, ZnFe2O4 and Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 Ferrites Prepared by Soft Mechanochemical Synthesis","authors":"Z. \u017d. Lazarevi\u0107, D. L. Sekuli\u0107, V. N. Ivanovski, N. \u017d. Rom\u010devi\u0107","volume":104,"journal":"International Journal of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering","pagesStart":1066,"pagesEnd":1071,"ISSN":"1307-6892","URL":"https:\/\/publications.waset.org\/pdf\/10002863","abstract":"NiFe2O4 (nickel ferrite), ZnFe2O4 (zinc ferrite) and\r\nNi0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 (nickel-zinc ferrite) were prepared by\r\nmechanochemical route in a planetary ball mill starting from mixture\r\nof the appropriate quantities of the Ni(OH)2\/Fe(OH)3,\r\nZn(OH)2\/Fe(OH)3 and Ni(OH)2\/Zn(OH)2\/Fe(OH)3 hydroxide\r\npowders. In order to monitor the progress of chemical reaction and\r\nconfirm phase formation, powder samples obtained after 25 h, 18 h\r\nand 10 h of milling were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD),\r\ntransmission electron microscopy (TEM), IR, Raman and M\u00f6ssbauer\r\nspectroscopy. It is shown that the soft mechanochemical method, i.e.\r\nmechanochemical activation of hydroxides, produces high quality\r\nsingle phase ferrite samples in much more efficient way. From the IR\r\nspectroscopy of single phase samples it is obvious that energy of\r\nmodes depends on the ratio of cations. It is obvious that all samples\r\nhave more than 5 Raman active modes predicted by group theory in\r\nthe normal spinel structure. Deconvolution of measured spectra\r\nallows one to conclude that all complex bands in the spectra are made\r\nof individual peaks with the intensities that vary from spectrum to\r\nspectrum. The deconvolution of Raman spectra allows to separate\r\ncontributions of different cations to a particular type of vibration and\r\nto estimate the degree of inversion.","references":"[1] M. Mohapatra, and S. Anand, \u201cSynthesis and applications of nanostructured\r\niron oxides\/hydroxides \u2013 a review,\u201d International Journal of\r\nEngineering, Science and Technology, vol. 2, no. 8, pp. 127\u2013146, Xxx.\r\n2010, www.ijest-ng.com.\r\n[2] A. R. Tanna, and H. H. Joshi, \u201cComputer aided X-ray diffraction\r\nintensity analysis for spinels: hands-on computing experience,\u201d World\r\nAcademy of Science, Engineering and Technology, vol. 7, no.3, pp. 70\u2013\r\n77, 2013.\r\n[3] W. H. Bragg, \u201cThe structure of magnetite and the spinels\u201d Nature, Lond.\r\nvol. 95, pp. 561, 1915.\r\n[4] Q. Liu, L. Lv, J. P. Zhou, X. M. Chen, X. B. Bian, and P. 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