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<span>Legislation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legislation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Satellite_television" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Satellite_television"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Satellite television</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Satellite_television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cable_television" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cable_television"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Cable television</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cable_television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Distribution_of_the_terrestrial_channels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Distribution_of_the_terrestrial_channels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Distribution of the terrestrial channels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Distribution_of_the_terrestrial_channels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Digital_broadcasting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Digital_broadcasting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Digital broadcasting</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Digital_broadcasting-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Digital broadcasting subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Digital_broadcasting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Beginning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Beginning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Beginning</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Beginning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Digital_switchover" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Digital_switchover"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Digital switchover</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Digital_switchover-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Internet_TV" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Internet_TV"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Internet TV</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Internet_TV-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_channels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" 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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Television in Russia</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A5%D5%BC%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A8_%D5%8C%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Հեռուստատեսությունը Ռուսաստանում – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հեռուստատեսությունը Ռուսաստանում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%A9%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%96%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%94" title="רשתות טלוויזיה ברוסיה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רשתות טלוויזיה ברוסיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%85%D1%8C" title="Телевизион Россехь – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Телевизион Россехь" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Televis%C3%A3o_na_R%C3%BAssia" title="Televisão na Rússia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Televisão na Rússia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Телевидение в России – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Телевидение в России" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Televisio_Ven%C3%A4j%C3%A4ll%C3%A4" title="Televisio Venäjällä – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Televisio Venäjällä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="โทรทัศน์ในประเทศรัสเซีย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โทรทัศน์ในประเทศรัสเซีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" 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regional channels.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are 6,700 television channels in total.<sup id="cite_ref-rp_media_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rp_media-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before going digital television, 3 channels have a nationwide outreach (over 90% coverage of the Russian territory): <a href="/wiki/Channel_One_Russia" title="Channel One Russia">Channel One</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia-1" title="Russia-1">Russia-1</a> and <a href="/wiki/NTV_(Russia)" title="NTV (Russia)">NTV</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-gks_television_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gks_television-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Television_in_Russia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Television_in_the_Soviet_Union#History" title="Television in the Soviet Union">History of the Soviet television</a></div> <p>Between <a href="/wiki/1941_in_television" title="1941 in television">1941</a> and <a href="/wiki/1945_in_television" title="1945 in television">1945</a> all television broadcasts in the nation were interrupted because of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Barbarossa" title="Operation Barbarossa">Nazi Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union</a>. During these early years, most television programs were about life in the Soviet Union, cultural activities and sports. </p><p>In 1956 a second national television channel was established. This initial expansion of activity encompassed mostly the city of <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>, but to a lesser extent also <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Leningrad</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Urals" class="mw-redirect" title="Urals">Urals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic">Ukrainian SSR</a>. Each republic, area or region had its own television station. </p><p>In the 1970s and 1980s, television become the preeminent mass medium. In <a href="/wiki/1988_in_television" title="1988 in television">1988</a> approximately 75 million households owned television sets, and an estimated 93 percent of the population watched television. <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>, the base from which most of the television stations broadcast, transmitted some 90 percent of the country's programs, with the help of more than 350 stations and nearly 1,400 relay facilities. </p><p>Updating the television in the Soviet Union, the release of its censorship by the <a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Central Committee</a>, began with the proclamation at the XXVII Congress of the new General Secretary <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a>'s new political course of the party in relation to the country. Chairman of the Radio and Television was Alexander Aksenov. </p><p>In 1991, the Soviet era <a href="/wiki/Gosteleradio" class="mw-redirect" title="Gosteleradio">Gosteleradio</a> state system included six national television channels, 52 stations in the former Soviet republics and 78 regional stations in the Russian Federation. </p><p>Today, there are about 15,000 <a href="/wiki/Transmitter" title="Transmitter">transmitters</a> in the country. Development of domestic digital TV transmitters, led within "Multichannel" research program, had already been finished. New domestic digital transmitters have been developed and installed in <a href="/wiki/Nizhniy_Novgorod" class="mw-redirect" title="Nizhniy Novgorod">Nizhniy Novgorod</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a> in 2001–2002. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legislation">Legislation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Television_in_Russia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Legislation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Russia" title="Constitution of Russia">Russian Constitution</a> was <a href="/wiki/1993_Russian_constitutional_referendum" title="1993 Russian constitutional referendum">adopted by national referendum</a> on 12 December 1993. Article 29 "On the Rights and Freedoms of the Person and Citizen" establishes the universal right to freedom of thought and opinion, freedom of expression of beliefs and convictions, and freedom to seek, receive, transmit, produce and disseminate information. This right can be limited only by law and only "in the interests of protecting the Constitution, morality, health, rights and lawful interests of other persons, or for the defence of the country and national security". According to the Constitution, only the law can limit freedom of speech and establish limits for its expression. The fundamental piece of media-specific federal legislation is the Law <i>on Mass Media</i>, which was passed on 27 December 1991 and took effect on 13 February 1992. </p><p>The law reinforces the freedom of information and the unacceptability of censorship. It also contains provisions regulating the founding, ownership and use of mass media, and dissemination of information. The law regulates relations between mass media and citizens and/or organisations, determines the rights and obligations of journalists and establishes responsibility for violations of mass media-related laws. The Law on Mass Media allows private broadcasting and limits the rights of foreign individuals to found mass media in Russia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Satellite_television">Satellite television</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Television_in_Russia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Satellite television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first Soviet communication satellite, called <a href="/wiki/Molniya_(satellite)" title="Molniya (satellite)">Molniya</a>, was launched in 1965. By November 1967 the national system of satellite television, called <a href="/wiki/Orbita_(TV_system)" title="Orbita (TV system)">Orbita</a> was deployed. The system consisted of 3 highly <a href="/wiki/Ellipse" title="Ellipse">elliptical</a> Molniya satellites, with Moscow-based ground uplink facilities and about 20 downlink stations, located in cities and towns of remote regions of <a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a> and the Far East. Each station had a 12-meter receiving <a href="/wiki/Parabolic_antenna" title="Parabolic antenna">parabolic antenna</a> and transmitters for re-broadcasting TV signals to local householders. </p><p>However, a large part of the Soviet central regions were still not covered by <a href="/wiki/Transponders" class="mw-redirect" title="Transponders">transponders</a> of Molniya satellites. By 1976 Soviet engineers developed a relatively simple and inexpensive system of satellite television (especially for Central and Northern Siberia). It included <a href="/wiki/Geostationary_satellites" class="mw-redirect" title="Geostationary satellites">geostationary satellites</a> called <a href="/wiki/Ekran" title="Ekran">Ekran</a> equipped with powerful 300-watt <a href="/wiki/UHF" class="mw-redirect" title="UHF">UHF</a> transponders, a broadcasting uplink station and various simple receiving stations located in various towns and villages of Siberia. The typical receiving station, also called <i>Ekran</i>, included a home-use <a href="/wiki/Analog_transmission" title="Analog transmission">analog</a> <a href="/wiki/Satellite" title="Satellite">satellite</a> <a href="/wiki/Receiver_(radio)" class="mw-redirect" title="Receiver (radio)">receiver</a> equipped with a simple <a href="/wiki/Yagi-Uda" class="mw-redirect" title="Yagi-Uda">Yagi-Uda</a> antenna. Later, Ekran satellites were replaced by more advanced Ekran-M series satellites. </p><p>In 1979 Soviet engineers developed the <i>Moskva</i> (or Moscow) system of broadcasting and delivering of TV signals via satellites. New types of geostationary communication satellites, called <a href="/wiki/Gorizont" title="Gorizont">Gorizont</a>, were launched. They were equipped with powerful onboard transponders, so the size of the receiving station's parabolic antennas were reduced to 4 and 2.5 meters (in comparison to the early 12- meter dishes of the standard orbital downlink stations). </p><p>By 1989 an improved version of the <i>Moskva</i> system, called <i>Moskva Global'naya</i>, (or Moscow Global) was introduced. The system included a few <a href="/wiki/Geostationary" class="mw-redirect" title="Geostationary">geostationary</a> Gorizont and Express type communication satellites. TV signals from Moscow Global's satellites could be received in any country on the planet except Canada and the Northwest USA. </p><p>Modern Russian satellite broadcasting services are based on powerful geostationary <a href="/wiki/Satellite_bus" title="Satellite bus">satellite buses</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Gals_(satellite)" title="Gals (satellite)">Gals (satellite)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ekspress_(satellite_bus)" title="Ekspress (satellite bus)">Ekspress</a>, <a href="/wiki/USP_(satellite_bus)" title="USP (satellite bus)">USP</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eutelsat" title="Eutelsat">Eutelsat</a> which provide a large quantity of free-to-air television channels to millions of householders. <a href="/wiki/Pay-TV" class="mw-redirect" title="Pay-TV">Pay-TV</a> is growing in popularity amongst Russian TV viewers. The <a href="/wiki/NTV_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="NTV Russia">NTV Russia</a> news company, owned by <a href="/wiki/Gazprom" title="Gazprom">Gazprom</a>, broadcasts the <a href="/wiki/NTV_Plus" title="NTV Plus">NTV Plus</a> package to 560,000 households, reaching over 1.5 million viewers.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Six out of these seven satellites are new vehicles. Four belong to the "Express-AM" family (sent into orbit in 2003–2005), and two to the "Express-A" family (sent into orbit in 2000–2002). SESC also uses the centre for TV/Radio signal compression standard along with the formation of data transport flows as per the MPEG-2/DVB standard, which ensures the formation of standardized signal packages from federal TV/radio channels. </p><p>By May 2013, of the 53 million TV homes in Russia, 24% were equipped for Direct-to-Home satellite reception, making satellite the country's leading platform for <a href="/wiki/Digital_television" title="Digital television">digital television</a>. The number of satellite homes across Russia continues to grow, increasing by 25% between 2011 and 2013 from 8 million to 12.6 million. 10% of these homes receive signals from more than one satellite position, taking the total number of antennas to 13.8 million.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cable_television">Cable television</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Television_in_Russia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Cable television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cable television was introduced in the 2000s, and grew significantly in the early 2010s. Cable operators began upgrading their networks to DVB-C and adding new services such as <a href="/wiki/Video_on_demand" title="Video on demand">video on demand</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Catch-up-TV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Catch-up-TV (page does not exist)">catch-up-TV</a> and others. In 2012, cable television accounted for more than half of all pay-TV subscribers (58%).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of Pay-TV channels were closed due to <a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine</a> due to the fact that they were non-Government owned. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribution_of_the_terrestrial_channels">Distribution of the terrestrial channels</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Television_in_Russia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Distribution of the terrestrial channels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The distribution of the terrestrial channels is the task of the Unitary Enterprise <a href="/wiki/Russian_Satellite_Communications_Company" title="Russian Satellite Communications Company">Russian Satellite Communications Company</a>, which has 11 satellites, and the Federal <a href="/wiki/Unitary_enterprise" title="Unitary enterprise">unitary enterprise</a> "<a href="/wiki/Russian_TV_and_Radio_Broadcasting_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian TV and Radio Broadcasting Network">Russian TV and Radio Broadcasting Network</a>" serving 14,478 TV transmitters in Russia (90.9% of the total number). TV and radio channels are broadcast through the terrestrial satellite communications complexes owned by the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Satellite_Communications_Company" title="Russian Satellite Communications Company">Russian Satellite Communications Company</a> at <a href="/wiki/Ground_station" title="Ground station">teleports</a> located in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Medvezhy_Ozera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Medvezhy Ozera (page does not exist)">Medvezhy Ozera</a> (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Медвежьи озера</span>), <a href="/wiki/Vladimir,_Russia" title="Vladimir, Russia">Vladimir</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dubna" title="Dubna">Dubna</a>, which ensure the transmission of channels to all <a href="/wiki/Time_zones_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Time zones in Russia">five time zones</a> in Russia via the space vehicles of RTRN. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Digital_broadcasting">Digital broadcasting</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Television_in_Russia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Digital broadcasting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Beginning">Beginning</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Television_in_Russia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Beginning"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In December 2005, a project was launched to create a digital television network in the <a href="/wiki/Mordovia" title="Mordovia">Republic of Mordovia</a>, where the DVB-T standard will be utilised. The project objective was to ensure for the population, the possibility of receiving a large (up to 10) number of TV channels and several radio stations in the stereo broadcasting mode and in the digital DVB-T standard. The project was implemented by OJSC "Volga Telecom" (a subsidiary of OJSC "Sviazinvest") with support from the Ministry of Information Technologies and Communication of Russia, the Ministry of Culture, the National Association of TV Broadcasters and administration of the Republic of Mordovia.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Different alternatives were considered in the process of preparing proposals on shifting the country to <a href="/wiki/Digital_broadcasting" title="Digital broadcasting">digital broadcasting</a> (thematic discussions began in the early 2000s), but the Ministry of IT and Communication decided to focus solely on <a href="/wiki/Terrestrial_television" title="Terrestrial television">terrestrial broadcasting</a> as the method of <a href="/wiki/Digital_television" title="Digital television">digital TV</a> implementation.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Russia, the first legal act to set the standards for the digital transition was the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Government_of_Russia" title="Order of the Government of Russia">Government Resolution</a> No. 1700-r of 29 November 2007, which approved a Concept Paper for the Development of TV and Radio Broadcasting in the Russian Federation in 2008–2015. This document was elaborated by the high-level Governmental Commission on Development of TV and Radio Broadcasting originally headed by Dmitry Medvedev in his capacity as first vice-chair of the government.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The transition of <a href="/wiki/Terrestrial_television" title="Terrestrial television">terrestrial TV</a> from <a href="/wiki/Analog_television" title="Analog television">analogue</a> into digital format (in <a href="/wiki/DVB-T" title="DVB-T">DVB-T</a> standard) had been announced as a government priority in <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> and identified in the document Concept of TV Broadcasting Development in the Russian Federation within 2008–2015. The main positive factor in the introduction of terrestrial <a href="/wiki/Television_broadcasting" class="mw-redirect" title="Television broadcasting">TV broadcasting</a> in the DVB-T standard, according to the opinion of <a href="/wiki/Market_players" class="mw-redirect" title="Market players">market players</a>, has been the approval of a TV broadcasting development framework in the <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russian</a> Federation for 2008–2015 (approved by <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Government_of_Russia" title="Order of the Government of Russia">resolution of the Government</a> # 1700-p, dated 29 November 2007).<sup id="cite_ref-EAO_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EAO-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The total investment in the transition of terrestrial TV from analogue to digital format is expected to be <a href="/wiki/Euro_(currency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Euro (currency)">Euro</a> 10 billion during the period 2008–2015.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The main factors which have a high positive influence upon the rates of terrestrial DTV introduction tend to be general political and <a href="/wiki/Macroeconomics" title="Macroeconomics">macroeconomic</a> factors. Commercial factors do not have a significant influence upon rates of introduction of digital standards for terrestrial broadcasting. <a href="/wiki/Cable_television" title="Cable television">Cable television</a> would gain the largest financial benefits from the introduction of digital television.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>On 10 May during Sviaz-Expocomm – 2011, the 23rd International Exhibition of Information Technologies and Communication Services in Moscow, Russia's national telecommunications operator <a href="/wiki/Svyazinvest" title="Svyazinvest">Svyazinvest</a>, together with <a href="/wiki/Russian_Television_and_Radio_Broadcasting_Network" title="Russian Television and Radio Broadcasting Network">Russian Television and Radio Broadcasting Network</a> signed a cooperation agreement to organize the terrestrial transmission of digital content to the RRBN transmitters across the country, thus enabling the broadcasting of eight federal TV channels (<a href="/wiki/Channel_One_Russia" title="Channel One Russia">Channel One</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Russia 1">Russia 1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia_24" class="mw-redirect" title="Russia 24">Russia 24</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Russia 2">Russia 2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia_K" class="mw-redirect" title="Russia K">Russia K</a>, <a href="/wiki/Petersburg_%E2%80%93_Channel_5" class="mw-redirect" title="Petersburg – Channel 5">Channel 5</a>, <a href="/wiki/NTV_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="NTV Russia">NTV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karusel" class="mw-redirect" title="Karusel">Karusel</a>) and one local channel, the latter to be transmitted as a <a href="/wiki/Multiplexing" title="Multiplexing">"multiplex"</a> channel on one of the main digital channels.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 2011 DVB-T2 tests got under way in Moscow. In July 2011 The Russian government commission on the development of TV and radio broadcasting, has supported the Communications and Mass Media Ministry's suggestion to roll out DVB-T2 test zones, the government's press service has announced.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2011 a governmental commission had approved the use of the DVB-T2 standard for the development of digital terrestrial TV in Russia, as proposed by the Ministry of Communications. The digital terrestrial TV network was being tested out in the <a href="/wiki/Tver_Oblast" title="Tver Oblast">Tver Oblast</a>. It was planned that new regional networks will be deployed under the DVB-T2 standard and existing DVB-T networks will be upgraded to the new standard<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Digital_switchover">Digital switchover</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Television_in_Russia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Digital switchover"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It took Russia 10 years to move from analogue to digital broadcasting. The <a href="/wiki/Digital_television_transition" title="Digital television transition">Digital Switchover (DSO)</a> was completed in late 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On December 3, 2009, the <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin%27s_Second_Cabinet" title="Vladimir Putin's Second Cabinet">Russian Government</a> approved the federal target programme "Development of TV and Radio Broadcasting in the Russian Federation in 2009-2018".<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The main objective of the programme was to provide the population of the Russian Federation with free-to-air multichannel digital TV and radio broadcasting.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Before 2010 almost half of Russia's population, 44%, could watch no more than four channels. There was no room left for development of analogue broadcasting.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Authorities have envisaged TV <a href="/wiki/Multiplexing" title="Multiplexing">multiplexes</a> in 2009. The list of channels in the first of the two of them was approved by a decree of the President of Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Over a period of 10 years, about 100 million TV-sets and about 20 million digital set-top boxes were sold. This had set the stage for the analogue switch-off (ASO). On November 29, 2018, the Russian government approved the ASO roadmap.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The federal target programme included modernizing the whole structure of terrestrial broadcasting. It is considered the biggest programme of digital TV development in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 2018, the pilot region, the <a href="/wiki/Tver_Oblast" title="Tver Oblast">Tver Region</a>, phased out analogue broadcasting of 20 federal TV channels.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2019, Russia switched off analogue TV broadcasting in four stages: February 11 (8 regions), April 15 (20 regions), June 3 (36 regions) and October 14 (21 regions).<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Russia was the first <a href="/wiki/BRICS" title="BRICS">BRICS</a> country to complete the ASO.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Preparation for each stage of the ASO included a number of activities: </p><p>1. Informing the population, both through federal and regional media.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>2. Placing information materials in post offices, social protection centres, retail appliances and electronics stores. </p><p>3. Door-to-door activities in all localities of the Russian Federation.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>4. Attracting volunteers to assist the population in setting up equipment for receiving DTT. 70,000 volunteers, 30,000 social workers and 50,000 Russian Post employees participated in the process.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>5. Creating the Digital Switchover Task Force with representatives of the Russian government, regional authorities and all organizations involved. </p><p>6. Monitoring the cost of the TV reception equipment in retail stores. </p><p>7. Carrying out inspection of сommunity antenna TV systems for DTT broadcasting in apartment buildings and, if necessary, repairing and upgrading them.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>8. Developing mechanisms and conditions for providing the population living outside the DTT coverage area with satellite equipment at a reduced price. </p><p>9. Providing targeted assistance for vulnerable and/or low-income citizens.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A special digital terrestrial TV hotline has been opened in the run-up to the ASO. Operators consulted viewers on buying up-to-date DVB-T2 equipment and adjusting it to their conditions. <a href="/wiki/Russian_Television_and_Radio_Broadcasting_Network" title="Russian Television and Radio Broadcasting Network">Russian Television and Radio Broadcasting Network</a> staff tested equipment from the retail and informed viewers through the hotline about the best choices.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 78 DTT Consultation Centers operated in administrative centers of Russian regions.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>100% of the Russian population have got the guaranteed public access to 20 must-carry public TV channels and three radio stations, 98,4% of them — through DTT.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To complete the Digital Switchover RTRN collaborated with IT software manufacturers Nevion<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Progira.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>More than 11,000 analogue TV transmitters were put out of operation.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The DTT transition has laid the foundations for the development of new services (<a href="/wiki/High-definition_television" title="High-definition television">HD</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ultra-high-definition_television" title="Ultra-high-definition television">UHD</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_Broadcast_Broadband_TV" title="Hybrid Broadcast Broadband TV">HbbTV</a> and so on).<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Participation in the national program "Digital Economy of the Russian Federation"<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and new telecom services implementation are RTRN's main current objectives. </p><p>RTRN has successfully tested the main standards of digital broadcasting including <a href="/wiki/Digital_Radio_Mondiale" title="Digital Radio Mondiale">DRM</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Internet_TV">Internet TV</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Television_in_Russia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Internet TV"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Russian TV is available to many expatriates living abroad, via the internet. There are several <a href="/wiki/Over-the-top_content" class="mw-redirect" title="Over-the-top content">OTT</a> service providers, which are targeted on Russian and Ukrainian expatriates in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_channels">List of channels</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Television_in_Russia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: List of channels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This is a list of <a href="/wiki/Television" title="Television">television</a> channels that broadcast in <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>. <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="ru:Телеканалы России">Full list of channels</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Terrestrial_Nationwide_Digital_Broadcasting_Program"><a href="/wiki/Russian_Television_and_Radio_Broadcasting_Network" title="Russian Television and Radio Broadcasting Network">Terrestrial Nationwide Digital Broadcasting Program</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Television_in_Russia&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Terrestrial Nationwide Digital Broadcasting Program"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="First_Multiplex">First Multiplex</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Television_in_Russia&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: First Multiplex"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders"> <caption>Channels </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Channel </th> <th>Name </th> <th>Certificate of Broadcast </th> <th>Date of first digital Broadcast </th> <th>Frame </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center">ch. 1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Channel_One_Russia" title="Channel One Russia">Channel One</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rkn.gov.ru/mass-communications/reestr/media/?id=257735">77 — 50252 07.06.2012</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">2012 </td> <td rowspan="10">16:9 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">ch. 2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russia-1" title="Russia-1">Russia-1</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rkn.gov.ru/mass-communications/reestr/media/?id=257742">77 — 76122 24.06.2019</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">ch. 3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Match_TV" title="Match TV">Match TV</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rkn.gov.ru/mass-communications/reestr/media/?id=577690">77 — 63590 02.11.2015</a> </td> <td>2015 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">ch. 4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/NTV_(Russia)" title="NTV (Russia)">NTV</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rkn.gov.ru/mass-communications/reestr/media/?id=355052">77 — 62736 18.08.2015</a> </td> <td rowspan="5">2012 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">ch. 5 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/5TV_(Russian_TV_channel)" title="5TV (Russian TV channel)">Channel Five – Petersburgh</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rkn.gov.ru/mass-communications/reestr/media/?id=313026">77 — 71806 08.12.2017</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">ch. 6 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russia-K" title="Russia-K">Russia-K</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rkn.gov.ru/mass-communications/reestr/media/?id=322481">77 — 48107 30.12.2011</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">ch. 7 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russia-24" title="Russia-24">Russia-24</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rkn.gov.ru/mass-communications/reestr/media/?id=194433">77 — 48108 30.12.2011</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">ch. 8 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Carousel_(TV_channel)" title="Carousel (TV channel)">Carousel</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rkn.gov.ru/mass-communications/reestr/media/?id=81832">77 — 51992 11.12.2012</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">ch. 9 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Public_Television_of_Russia" title="Public Television of Russia">Public Channel</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rkn.gov.ru/mass-communications/reestr/media/?id=406280">77 — 78997 15.09.2020</a> </td> <td>2013 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">ch. 10 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/TV_Centre_(Russia)" title="TV Centre (Russia)">TV Centre – Moscow</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rkn.gov.ru/mass-communications/reestr/media/?id=329477">77 — 62849 20.08.2015</a> </td> <td>2014 </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders"> <caption>Radio networks </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Position </th> <th>Name </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center">RN1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vesti_FM" title="Vesti FM">Vesti FM</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">RN2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Radio_Mayak" title="Radio Mayak">Radio Mayak</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">RN3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Radio_Rossii" title="Radio Rossii">Radio Rossii</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Second_Multiplex">Second Multiplex</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Television_in_Russia&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Second Multiplex"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders"> <caption>Channels </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Channel </th> <th>Name </th> <th>Certificate of Broadcast </th> <th>Date of first digital Broadcast </th> <th>Frame </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center">ch. 11 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/REN_TV" title="REN TV">REN TV</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkn.gov.ru/mass-communications/reestr/media/p72381/?id=312778&page=72381">77 — 66270 01.07.2016</a> </td> <td>2013 </td> <td rowspan="10">16:9 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">ch. 12 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Spas_(TV_channel)" title="Spas (TV channel)">Spas</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rkn.gov.ru/mass-communications/reestr/media/?id=59249">77 — 74808 11.01.2019</a> </td> <td>2014 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">ch. 13 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/STS_(TV_channel)" title="STS (TV channel)">STS</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rkn.gov.ru/mass-communications/reestr/media/?id=313772">77 — 72433 05.03.2018</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">2013 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">ch. 14 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Domashny" title="Domashny">Domashny</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rkn.gov.ru/mass-communications/reestr/media/?id=252874">77 — 71389 01.11.2017</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">ch. 15 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/TV-3_(Russia)" class="mw-redirect" title="TV-3 (Russia)">TV-3</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rkn.gov.ru/mass-communications/reestr/media/?id=314662">77 — 71695 23.11.2017</a> </td> <td>2014 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">ch. 16 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Friday!" title="Friday!">Friday!</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rkn.gov.ru/mass-communications/reestr/media/?id=403428">77 — 71810 13.12.2017</a> </td> <td>2015 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">ch. 17 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zvezda_(TV_channel)" title="Zvezda (TV channel)">Zvezda</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rkn.gov.ru/mass-communications/reestr/media/?id=256420">77 — 61865 18.05.2015</a> </td> <td rowspan="4">2013 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">ch. 18 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mir_(television_company)" title="Mir (television company)">MIR</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rkn.gov.ru/mass-communications/reestr/media/?id=256277">77 — 48753 22.02.2012</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">ch. 19 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/TNT_(Russian_TV_channel)" title="TNT (Russian TV channel)">TNT</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rkn.gov.ru/mass-communications/reestr/media/?id=326637">77 — 71680 23.11.2017</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">ch. 20 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Muz-TV" title="Muz-TV">Muz-TV</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkn.gov.ru/mass-communications/reestr/media/?id=365760">77 — 65731 20.05.2016</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="State-owned">State-owned</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Television_in_Russia&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: State-owned"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name </th> <th>Themes</th> <th>Owner</th> <th>Established </th> <th>Broadcast area </th> <th>Broadcast technology</th> <th>Website </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Russia_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Russia 1">Russia 1</a> </td> <td></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/All-Russia_State_Television_and_Radio_Broadcasting_Company" title="All-Russia State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company">VGTRK</a></td> <td>1991 </td> <td>Nationwide </td> <td>Terrestrial</td> <td><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://russia.tv">russia<wbr />.tv</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Russia_K" class="mw-redirect" title="Russia K">Russia K</a> </td> <td></td> <td>1997 </td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tvkultura.ru">tvkultura<wbr />.ru</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Russia_24" class="mw-redirect" title="Russia 24">Russia 24</a> </td> <td></td> <td>2006 </td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vesti.ru">www<wbr />.vesti<wbr />.ru</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Carousel_(TV_channel)" title="Carousel (TV channel)">Carousel</a> </td> <td></td> <td>Channel One Russia and VGTRK</td> <td>2010 </td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.karusel-tv.ru">www<wbr />.karusel-tv<wbr />.ru</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/RT_(TV_network)" title="RT (TV network)">RT</a> (group of channels) </td> <td></td> <td>TV-Novosti</td> <td>2005 </td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rt.com">rt<wbr />.com</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/TV_Centre_(Russia)" title="TV Centre (Russia)">TV Centre</a> </td> <td>News, entertainment, educational, sports </td> <td rowspan="6">Moscow Media</td> <td>1997 </td> <td>Nationwide </td> <td>Terrestrial</td> <td><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tvc.ru">tvc<wbr />.ru</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/TV_Centre_(Russia)" title="TV Centre (Russia)">Central Television</a> </td> <td></td> <td>2012 </td> <td>Nationwide </td> <td>Cable</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Moskva_24" class="mw-redirect" title="Moskva 24">Moskva 24</a> </td> <td></td> <td>2011 </td> <td>Moscow </td> <td>Terrestrial</td> <td><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.m24.ru">www<wbr />.m24<wbr />.ru</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moskva_Doverie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moskva Doverie (page does not exist)">Moskva Doverie</a> </td> <td></td> <td>2016 </td> <td>Moscow </td> <td>Cable</td> <td><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.doverie-tv.ru">www<wbr />.doverie-tv<wbr />.ru</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>360 </td> <td></td> <td>2014 </td> <td>Moscow, Moscow Oblast </td> <td>Cable</td> <td><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.360tv.ru">www<wbr />.360tv<wbr />.ru</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>360 – Moscow News </td> <td></td> <td>2018 </td> <td>Moscow, Moscow Oblast </td> <td>Cable</td> <td><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.360tv.ru">www<wbr />.360tv<wbr />.ru</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Zvezda_(TV_channel)" title="Zvezda (TV channel)">Zvezda</a> </td> <td></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(Russia)" title="Ministry of Defence (Russia)">Ministry of Defence</a></td> <td>2005 </td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tvzvezda.ru">tvzvezda<wbr />.ru</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Zvezda_(TV_channel)" title="Zvezda (TV channel)">Zvezda Plus</a> </td> <td></td> <td>2021 </td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tvzvezda.ru/sp/zvezda-plus/">tvzvezda<wbr />.ru<wbr />/sp<wbr />/zvezda-plus<wbr />/</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/SPAS_(TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="SPAS (TV channel)">SPAS</a> </td> <td></td> <td>Russian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate</td> <td>2006 </td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spastv.ru">www<wbr />.spastv<wbr />.ru</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Public_Television_of_Russia" title="Public Television of Russia">OTR</a> </td> <td></td> <td>Russian government</td> <td>2013 </td> <td>Nationwide </td> <td>Terrestrial</td> <td><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.otr-online.ru">www<wbr />.otr-online<wbr />.ru</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mir_(television_company)" title="Mir (television company)">Mir</a> </td> <td></td> <td rowspan="2">10 states from <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Independent_States" title="Commonwealth of Independent States">CIS</a></td> <td>1992 </td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mirtv.ru">mirtv<wbr />.ru</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mir_(television_company)" title="Mir (television company)">Mir 24</a> </td> <td></td> <td>2013 </td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mir24.tv">mir24<wbr />.tv</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/NTV_(Russia)" title="NTV (Russia)">NTV</a> </td> <td></td> <td rowspan="8"><a href="/wiki/Gazprom_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="Gazprom Media">Gazprom Media</a> (Gazprombank)</td> <td>1993 </td> <td>Nationwide </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Terrestrial_television" title="Terrestrial television">Terrestrial</a></td> <td><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ntv.ru">www<wbr />.ntv<wbr />.ru</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Match_TV" title="Match TV">Match TV</a> </td> <td></td> <td>2015 </td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://matchtv.ru">matchtv<wbr />.ru</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/TNT_(Russian_TV_channel)" title="TNT (Russian TV channel)">TNT</a> </td> <td></td> <td>1998 </td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tnt-online.ru">tnt-online<wbr />.ru</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/TV-3_(Russia)" class="mw-redirect" title="TV-3 (Russia)">TV3</a> </td> <td></td> <td>1994 </td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tv3.ru">tv3<wbr />.ru</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Friday!" title="Friday!">Friday!</a> </td> <td></td> <td>2013 </td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://friday.ru">friday<wbr />.ru</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Super_(TV_channel)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Super (TV channel) (page does not exist)">Saturday!</a> </td> <td></td> <td>2017 </td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://subbota.tv">subbota<wbr />.tv</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=TNT4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TNT4 (page does not exist)">TNT4</a> </td> <td></td> <td>2016 </td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tnt4.tnt-online.ru">tnt4<wbr />.tnt-online<wbr />.ru</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2%C3%972_(TV_channel)" title="2×2 (TV channel)">2x2</a> </td> <td>Entertainment (animation)</td> <td>1989 </td> <td>Nationwide </td> <td>Terrestrial </td> <td><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://2x2tv.ru">2x2tv<wbr />.ru</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Channel_One_Russia" title="Channel One Russia">Channel One Russia</a> </td> <td></td> <td>Russian government (34.23%), VTB Bank (32.89%), National Media Group (19.46%), Sogaz (13.42%)</td> <td>1995 </td> <td>Nationwide </td> <td>Terrestrial</td> <td><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.1tv.ru">www<wbr />.1tv<wbr />.ru</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Petersburg_%E2%80%93_Channel_5" class="mw-redirect" title="Petersburg – Channel 5">Channel Five – Petersburgh</a> </td> <td>Serials and films </td> <td>National Media Group (72.43%), Sergey Rudnov (18.3%), Government of Saint-Petersburg (6.27%), Sogaz (3%)</td> <td>1938 </td> <td>Nationwide </td> <td>Terrestrial</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://5-tv.ru/">http://5-tv.ru/</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/REN_TV" title="REN TV">REN TV</a> </td> <td>News & entertainment </td> <td>National Media Group (82%), Sogaz (18%)</td> <td>1997 </td> <td>Commonwealth of Independent States </td> <td>Terrestrial</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://ren.tv/">http://ren.tv/</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Izvestia" title="Izvestia">Izvestia</a> </td> <td></td> <td>National Media Group</td> <td>2017 </td> <td> </td> <td>Cable</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://iz.ru/">http://iz.ru/</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=78_(TV_channel)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="78 (TV channel) (page does not exist)">78</a> </td> <td></td> <td>National Media Group (25%), Sergey Rudnov (75%)</td> <td>2017 </td> <td> </td> <td>Cable</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://78.ru/">http://78.ru/</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/CTC_(TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="CTC (TV channel)">CTC TV</a> </td> <td>Entertainment </td> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/CTC_Media" title="CTC Media">CTC Media</a> (National Media Group)</td> <td>1996 </td> <td> </td> <td>Terrestrial</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://ctc.ru/">http://ctc.ru/</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Domashniy" class="mw-redirect" title="Domashniy">Domashniy</a> ("Home channel") </td> <td>Family entertainment</td> <td>2005 </td> <td>Nationwide </td> <td></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://domashniy.ru/">http://domashniy.ru/</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Che_(TV_channel)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Che (TV channel) (page does not exist)">Che</a> </td> <td></td> <td>2015 </td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://chetv.ru/">http://chetv.ru/</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=CTC_Love_(TV_channel)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CTC Love (TV channel) (page does not exist)">CTC Love</a> </td> <td></td> <td>2014 </td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://ctclove.ru/">http://ctclove.ru/</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=CTC_Kids_(TV_channel)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CTC Kids (TV channel) (page does not exist)">CTC Kids</a> </td> <td></td> <td>2018 </td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://ctckids.ru/">http://ctckids.ru/</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Muz-TV" title="Muz-TV">Muz-TV</a> </td> <td></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Media-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Media-1 (page does not exist)">Media-1</a><sup id="cite_ref-Media-1_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Media-1-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (pending sale to Media Telekom (joint venture National Media Group and Rostelecom)<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>1996 </td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://muz-tv.ru/">http://muz-tv.ru/</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=U_(Russian_TV_channel)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="U (Russian TV channel) (page does not exist)">U</a> </td> <td></td> <td>2012 </td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://u-tv.ru/">http://u-tv.ru/</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Solntse_(TV_channel)" title="Solntse (TV channel)">Solntse</a> </td> <td>Family entertainment</td> <td>2022 </td> <td>Nationwide </td> <td> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://sun-tv.ru/">http://sun-tv.ru/</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Private">Private</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Television_in_Russia&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Private"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name </th> <th>Themes</th> <th>Owner</th> <th>Established </th> <th>Broadcast area </th> <th>Broadcast technology</th> <th>Website </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/3ABN" class="mw-redirect" title="3ABN">3ABN</a> Russia </td> <td>Religion (Adventist) </td> <td>Three Angels Broadcasting Network</td> <td>1992 </td> <td>International </td> <td>Satellite? </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://3angels.ru/">http://3angels.ru/</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/RBC_TV" class="mw-redirect" title="RBC TV">RBC TV</a> </td> <td>24/7 News</td> <td>ESN</td> <td>2003 </td> <td>Nationwide </td> <td><i><b>?</b></i> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://tv.rbc.ru/">http://tv.rbc.ru/</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multimania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Multimania (page does not exist)">Multimania</a> </td> <td></td> <td rowspan="2">Voxell Baltic</td> <td>2006 </td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.multimania.tv">http://www.multimania.tv</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinomania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kinomania (page does not exist)">Kinomania</a> </td> <td></td> <td>2005 </td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.kinomania.tv">http://www.kinomania.tv</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bridge-TV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bridge-TV (page does not exist)">BRIDGE TV</a> (music channel) </td> <td></td> <td>SAFMAR Media/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bridge_Media_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bridge Media Group (page does not exist)">Bridge Media Group</a></td> <td>2005 </td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://bridgetv.ru/en/">http://bridgetv.ru/en/</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Russian_Travel_Guide" title="Russian Travel Guide">Russian Travel Guide</a> </td> <td></td> <td>RTG Corp.</td> <td>2009 </td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.rtgtv.com/">http://www.rtgtv.com/</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=BRIDGE_TV_Russian_Hit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BRIDGE TV Russian Hit (page does not exist)">BRIDGE TV Russian Hit</a> </td> <td></td> <td rowspan="2">SAFMAR Media/Bridge Media Group</td> <td>2010 </td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://rusongtv.ru/en/">http://rusongtv.ru/en/</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=BRIDGE_TV_Hits&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BRIDGE TV Hits (page does not exist)">BRIDGE TV Hits</a> </td> <td></td> <td>2013 </td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://dangetv.ru/en/">http://dangetv.ru/en/</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Europa_plus_TV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Europa plus TV (page does not exist)">Europa plus TV</a> </td> <td></td> <td>EMG (European Media Group)</td> <td>2011 </td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.europaplus.tv/">http://www.europaplus.tv/</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ru.TV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ru.TV (page does not exist)">Ru.TV</a> </td> <td></td> <td>RMG (Russian Media Group)</td> <td>2006 </td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.ru.tv/">http://www.ru.tv/</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/O2TV" title="O2TV">O<sub>2</sub>TV</a> </td> <td></td> <td>private investors</td> <td>2004 </td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://o2tv.biz/en">http://o2tv.biz/en</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/RTVi" class="mw-redirect" title="RTVi">RTVi</a> </td> <td></td> <td>Rostec</td> <td>2002 </td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.rtvi.ru/english.html">http://www.rtvi.ru/english.html</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nostalgiya" title="Nostalgiya">Nostalgiya</a> </td> <td></td> <td>Veriselintel</td> <td>2004 </td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.nostalgiatv.ru">http://www.nostalgiatv.ru</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jivi! </td> <td></td> <td>Red Media (Gazprom-Media)</td> <td>2008 </td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.jv.ru">http://www.jv.ru</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mosfilm Golden Collection </td> <td></td> <td>VGTRK & <a href="/wiki/Mosfilm" title="Mosfilm">Mosfilm</a></td> <td>2020 </td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.mosfilmgold.ru">http://www.mosfilmgold.ru</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kuhnya TV </td> <td></td> <td>Red Media (Gazprom-Media)</td> <td>2007 </td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.kuhnyatv.ru/">http://www.kuhnyatv.ru/</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Eda </td> <td></td> <td>Pi-Stolet LLC</td> <td>2011 </td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.tveda.ru/">http://www.tveda.ru/</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Evrokino </td> <td></td> <td>Strim</td> <td>2008 </td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.eurokino.tv">http://www.eurokino.tv</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Avto Plus </td> <td></td> <td rowspan="3">Red Media (Gazprom-Media)</td> <td>2006 </td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.autoplustv.com/">http://www.autoplustv.com/</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/KVN" title="KVN">KVN TV</a> </td> <td></td> <td>2016 </td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.kvn.ru/tv">http://www.kvn.ru/tv</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Boks TV </td> <td></td> <td>2014 </td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.boxingtv.ru/">http://www.boxingtv.ru/</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Vremya </td> <td> </td> <td rowspan="3">Channel One Russia</td> <td>2005 </td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.vremya.tv">http://www.vremya.tv</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pobeda </td> <td></td> <td>2019 </td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.pobeda.tv">http://www.pobeda.tv</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dom Kino </td> <td></td> <td>2005 </td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.domkino.tv">http://www.domkino.tv</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gulli" title="Gulli">Gulli Girl</a> </td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Groupe_M6" title="Groupe M6">Groupe M6</a></td> <td>2016 </td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.gulli.ru">http://www.gulli.ru</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Zee_TV" title="Zee TV">Zee TV Russia</a> </td> <td></td> <td>Red Media (Gazprom-Media)</td> <td>1992 </td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.zee-tv.ru">http://www.zee-tv.ru</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/TiJi" title="TiJi">TiJi Russia</a> </td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Groupe_M6" title="Groupe M6">Groupe M6</a></td> <td>2009 </td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.tiji.ru">http://www.tiji.ru</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Chanson TV </td> <td></td> <td>Mediamart</td> <td>2006 </td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.shanson.tv">http://www.shanson.tv</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>O! </td> <td></td> <td>Channel One Russia</td> <td>2017 </td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.kanal-o.ru">http://www.kanal-o.ru</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Discontinued">Discontinued</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Television_in_Russia&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Discontinued"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name</th> <th>Owner</th> <th>Established</th> <th>Closed </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rossiyskiye_University&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rossiyskiye University (page does not exist)">Ostankino 4</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ostankino_(TV_Radio_Company)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ostankino (TV Radio Company) (page does not exist)">RSTRC Ostankino</a></td> <td rowspan="2">1991</td> <td>1993 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Channel_One_(Russia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Channel One (Russia)">Ostankino 1</a></td> <td>1995 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rossiyskiye_University&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rossiyskiye University (page does not exist)">Rossiyskiye University</a></td> <td>Media Most and <a href="/wiki/All-Russian_State_Television_and_Radio_Broadcasting_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="All-Russian State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company">VGTRK</a></td> <td>1993</td> <td rowspan="2">1996 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/STS_(TV_channel)" title="STS (TV channel)">AMTV</a></td> <td>Maraton-TV and Moskva-Revyu</td> <td>1994 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Moscow_Television_Channel" title="Moscow Television Channel">MTK</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Moscow" title="Government of Moscow">Government of Moscow</a></td> <td>1989</td> <td>1997 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Peretz_(TV_channel,_Russia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Peretz (TV channel, Russia)">Channel 24</a></td> <td>Kosmos-TV</td> <td>1994</td> <td>1999 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/TeleExpo" title="TeleExpo">TeleExpo</a></td> <td>Moskomimuschestvo and MosExpo</td> <td rowspan="2">1995</td> <td>2001 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rambler_TV" title="Rambler TV">AST/Prometey AST</a></td> <td>AST, <a href="/wiki/Gazprom" title="Gazprom">Gazprom</a></td> <td rowspan="2">2002 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/TV6_(Russia)" class="mw-redirect" title="TV6 (Russia)">TV6</a></td> <td>MIBC (Moscow Independent Broadcasting Corporation)<br />(Since 1999 – <a href="/wiki/Boris_Berezovsky_(businessman)" title="Boris Berezovsky (businessman)">Boris Berezovsky</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lukoil" title="Lukoil">Lukoil</a>-Garant)</td> <td>1993 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/TVS_(Russia)" title="TVS (Russia)">TVS</a></td> <td>Media-Sotsium</td> <td>2002</td> <td>2003 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Domashny" title="Domashny">M1</a></td> <td>Mediainvest</td> <td>1994</td> <td>2005 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jetix" title="Jetix">Jetix</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Jetix_Europe" title="Jetix Europe">Jetix Europe</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">2005 </td> <td rowspan="4">2010 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jetix_Play" title="Jetix Play">Jetix Play</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hallmark_Channel_(international)" title="Hallmark Channel (international)">Hallmark Channel</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Universal_Networks_International" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal Networks International">Universal Networks International</a> </td> <td>1999 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bibigon" title="Bibigon">Bibigon</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/VGTRK" class="mw-redirect" title="VGTRK">VGTRK</a></td> <td>2007 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Seven_TV" title="Seven TV">Seven TV</a></td> <td>UTH Russia</td> <td>2000</td> <td>2011 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Diva_Universal" class="mw-redirect" title="Diva Universal">Diva Universal</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/NBCUniversal_International_Networks" title="NBCUniversal International Networks">NBCUniversal International Networks</a> </td> <td>2010 </td> <td>2014 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Universal_TV" title="Universal TV">Universal Channel</a> </td> <td>2007 </td> <td rowspan="3">2015 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/E!" title="E!">E!</a> </td> <td>2014 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Russia_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Russia 2">Russia 2</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/VGTRK" class="mw-redirect" title="VGTRK">VGTRK</a></td> <td>2003 </td></tr> <tr> <td>NTV Plus channels</td> <td><a href="/wiki/NTV_Plus" title="NTV Plus">NTV Plus</a></td> <td>1996</td> <td rowspan="2">2016 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/A-One_(TV_channel)" title="A-One (TV channel)">A-One</a></td> <td>private investors</td> <td>2005 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/AMC_(European_TV_channel)" title="AMC (European TV channel)">AMC</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/AMC_Networks_International_Central_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="AMC Networks International Central Europe">AMC Networks International Central Europe</a> </td> <td>2014 </td> <td>2019 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sony Sci-Fi </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Sony_Pictures_Television" title="Sony Pictures Television">Sony Pictures Television Inc.</a> </td> <td>2007 </td> <td rowspan="3">2021 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sony Channel </td> <td>2009 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sony Turbo </td> <td>2012 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/TV_Rain" title="TV Rain">TV Rain</a></td> <td>Natalia Sindeeva</td> <td>2010</td> <td rowspan="22">2022 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Eurosport_1" title="Eurosport 1">Eurosport 1</a> </td> <td rowspan="8"><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros._Discovery" title="Warner Bros. Discovery">Warner Bros. Discovery</a></td> <td>1996 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Discovery_Channel_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Discovery Channel Russia">Discovery Channel Russia</a></td> <td>1998 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Animal_Planet" title="Animal Planet">Animal Planet</a></td> <td>2006 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cartoon_Network_(Russia_and_Southeastern_Europe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cartoon Network (Russia and Southeastern Europe)">Cartoon Network</a></td> <td>2009 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=TLC_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TLC Russia (page does not exist)">TLC Russia</a></td> <td>2011 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Boomerang_(Central_and_Eastern_European_TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Boomerang (Central and Eastern European TV channel)">Boomerang Russia</a></td> <td>2013 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/DTX_(TV_channel)" title="DTX (TV channel)">DTX</a> </td> <td>2016 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Discovery Ultra </td> <td>2020 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/JimJam" title="JimJam">JimJam</a> </td> <td>AMC Networks International Central Europe </td> <td>2008 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/MTV_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="MTV Russia">MTV Russia</a> </td> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Networks_EMEAA" title="Paramount Networks EMEAA">Paramount</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">1998 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nickelodeon_(CIS)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nickelodeon (CIS)">Nickelodeon Russia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nick_Jr._Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Nick Jr. Russia">Nick Jr. Russia</a></td> <td>2011 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Comedy_(Russia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Paramount Comedy (Russia)">Paramount Comedy (Russia)</a></td> <td>2012 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nicktoons_(American_TV_channel)" title="Nicktoons (American TV channel)">Nicktoons Russia</a></td> <td>2018 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic" title="National Geographic">National Geographic</a> </td> <td rowspan="6"><a href="/wiki/The_Walt_Disney_Company_CIS" title="The Walt Disney Company CIS">The Walt Disney Company</a> </td> <td>1997 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Wild_(European_TV_channel)" title="National Geographic Wild (European TV channel)">National Geographic Wild</a> </td> <td rowspan="3">2007 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/BabyTV" title="BabyTV">BabyTV</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Fox_Networks_Group" title="Fox Networks Group">Fox Russia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Fox_Life" title="Fox Life">Fox Life Russia</a></td> <td>2008 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Disney_Channel_(Russian_TV_channel)" title="Disney Channel (Russian TV channel)">Disney Channel</a></td> <td>2010 (Cable) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Media-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Media-1 (page does not exist)">Media-1</a><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>2011 (terrestrial) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/TV1000_East" class="mw-redirect" title="TV1000 East">TV1000</a></td> <td rowspan="11">Viasat World</td> <td rowspan="2">2003</td> <td rowspan="11">2023 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Viasat_Explorer" class="mw-redirect" title="Viasat Explorer">Viasat Explorer</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Viasat_History" title="Viasat History">Viasat History</a></td> <td>2004 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/TV1000_Russkoe_Kino" class="mw-redirect" title="TV1000 Russkoe Kino">TV1000 Russkoe Kino</a></td> <td>2005 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Viasat_Sport_East" title="Viasat Sport East">Viasat Sport East</a></td> <td>2006 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/TV1000_Action_East" class="mw-redirect" title="TV1000 Action East">TV1000 Action East</a></td> <td>2008 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=ViP_Serial&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ViP Serial (page does not exist)">ViP Serial</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Viasat_Nature" title="Viasat Nature">Viasat Nature</a></td> <td>2010 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=TV1000_Comedy_HD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TV1000 Comedy HD (page does not exist)">ViP Comedy</a></td> <td rowspan="3">2012 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=TV1000_Premium_HD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TV1000 Premium HD (page does not exist)">ViP Premiere</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=TV1000_Megahit_HD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TV1000 Megahit HD (page does not exist)">ViP Megahit</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Most-viewed_channels">Most-viewed channels</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Television_in_Russia&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Most-viewed channels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Weekly viewing shares, 24 – 30 June 2024:<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%"> <tbody><tr> <th>Position</th> <th>Channel</th> <th>Group</th> <th>Share of total viewing, age 4+ (%) </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>Thematical TV channels</td> <td></td> <td>16.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russia_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Russia 1">Russia 1</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/VGTRK" class="mw-redirect" title="VGTRK">VGTRK</a> (state-owned)</td> <td>14.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td><a href="/wiki/NTV_(Russia)" title="NTV (Russia)">NTV</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gazprom-Media" title="Gazprom-Media">Gazprom-Media</a> (Gazprombank, state-owned)</td> <td>8.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Channel_One_(Russia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Channel One (Russia)">Channel One</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Russia" title="Government of Russia">Government of Russia</a> (34.23%), VTB Bank (32.89%), National Media Group (19.46%), Sogaz (13.42%)</td> <td>7.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Petersburg_%E2%80%93_Channel_5" class="mw-redirect" title="Petersburg – Channel 5">Channel Five</a></td> <td>National Media Group (72.43%), Sergey Rudnov (18.3%), Government of Saint-Petersburg (6.27%), Sogaz (3%)</td> <td>7.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td><a href="/wiki/REN_TV" title="REN TV">REN TV</a></td> <td>National Media Group (82%), Sogaz (18%)</td> <td>6.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td><a href="/wiki/TV_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="TV Center">TV Center</a></td> <td>Moscow Media (state-owned)</td> <td>4.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Domashny" title="Domashny">Domashny</a></td> <td>National Media Group</td> <td>4.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td><a href="/wiki/CTC_(TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="CTC (TV channel)">CTC</a></td> <td>National Media Group</td> <td>3.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Match_TV" title="Match TV">Match TV</a></td> <td>Gazprom-Media (Gazprombank, state-owned)</td> <td>3.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td><a href="/wiki/TNT_(Russian_TV_channel)" title="TNT (Russian TV channel)">TNT</a></td> <td>Gazprom-Media (Gazprombank, state-owned)</td> <td>3.5 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Television_in_Russia&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/48px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/64px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Russia" title="Portal:Russia">Russia portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank_television_set.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Blank_television_set.svg/32px-Blank_television_set.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Blank_television_set.svg/48px-Blank_television_set.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Blank_television_set.svg/64px-Blank_television_set.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="138" data-file-height="92" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Television" title="Portal:Television">Television portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Russian-language_television_channels" title="List of Russian-language television channels">List of Russian-language television channels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Television in the Soviet Union">Television in the Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Russia" title="Mass media in Russia">Mass media in Russia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Television_in_Russia&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Oates, p.128</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rp_media-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rp_media_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/russia/">Broadcast media</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210109173026/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/russia/">Archived</a> 9 January 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> CIA World Factbook</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gks_television-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gks_television_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gks.ru/bgd/regl/b10_12/IssWWW.exe/Stg/d02/19-08.htm">"19.8 Coverage by TV broadcasting"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cableman.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%92+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%BD%D0%B5+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%22%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%80%D1%83%22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cableman.ru%2Fcontent%2Fv-rossii-ne-vozniklo-problem-pri-perekhode-na-tsifru%253Futm_source%253Dyxnews%252526utm_medium%253Ddesktop%252526utm_referrer%253Dhttps%253A%2F%25252Fyandex.ru%2Fnews%2Fsearch%253Ftext%253D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelevision+in+Russia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vsluh.ru/novosti/obshchestvo/ministr-tsifrovogo-razvitiya-i-svyazi-nazval-tyumenskuyu-oblast-v-chisle-luchshikh-pri-perekhode-na-_333627/">"Министр цифрового развития и связи назвал Тюменскую область в числе лучших при переходе на "цифру""</a>. <i>Вслух.ru</i> (in Russian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=realnoevremya.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%9E%D1%82+%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%83%D1%8E%D1%82+%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F%2C+%D0%B0+%D0%A2%D0%9D%D0%92+%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%82+%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%B2+%D1%8D%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B5+%D0%9E%D0%A2%D0%A0+%E2%80%94+%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frealnoevremya.ru%2Farticles%2F157520-ot-platnogo-kabelnogo-sovetuyut-otkazatsya-a-tnv-gotovitsya-veschat-v-efire-otr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelevision+in+Russia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rg.ru/2019/05/26/romanchenko-antenna-samaia-chastaia-prichina-problem-s-cifrovym-signalom.html">"Романченко: Антенна - самая частая причина проблем с цифровым сигналом"</a>. <i>Российская газета</i> (in Russian). 26 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Tvkinoradio.ru. 15 January 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tvkinoradio.ru/news/new5871-holding-yutv-stal-vladelcem-80-rossijskogo-disney">the original</a> on 21 March 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3+%D0%AE%D0%A2%D0%92+%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB+%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BC+80%25+%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+Disney&rft.pub=Tvkinoradio.ru&rft.date=2016-01-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftvkinoradio.ru%2Fnews%2Fnew5871-holding-yutv-stal-vladelcem-80-rossijskogo-disney&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelevision+in+Russia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mediascope.net/data/">"Рейтинги"</a>. 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.mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Television_in_Russia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Television_in_Russia" title="Template:Television in Russia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Television_in_Russia" title="Template talk:Television in Russia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Television_in_Russia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Television in Russia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Television_in_Russia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Television in Russia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Broadcasting<br /> and regulation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Digital_Development,_Communications_and_Mass_Media_(Russia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Digital Development, Communications and Mass Media (Russia)">Ministry of Digital Development, Communications and Mass Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Television_and_Radio_Broadcasting_Network" title="Russian Television and Radio Broadcasting Network">Russian Television and Radio Broadcasting Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Satellite_Communications_Company" title="Russian Satellite Communications Company">Russian Satellite Communications Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostankino_Technical_Center" title="Ostankino Technical Center">Ostankino Technical Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_Scientific-Research_Television_Institute" title="Moscow Scientific-Research Television Institute">Moscow Scientific-Research Television Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All-Russian_Research_Institute_of_Television_and_Radio_Broadcasting" title="All-Russian Research Institute of Television and Radio Broadcasting">All-Russian Research Institute of Television and Radio Broadcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gazprom_Space_Systems" title="Gazprom Space Systems">Gazprom Space Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbita_(TV_system)" title="Orbita (TV system)">Orbita broadcasting system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Television_and_Radio_Fund" title="State Television and Radio Fund">State Television and Radio Fund</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Russian_Television_and_Radio_Broadcasting_Network" title="Russian Television and Radio Broadcasting Network">Terrestrial Nationwide<br /> Digital Broadcasting<br /> Program</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">First Multiplex</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Channel_One_Russia" title="Channel One Russia">Channel 1</a><sup>HD</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia-1" title="Russia-1">Channel 2</a><sup>HD</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Match_TV" title="Match TV">Channel 3</a><sup>HD</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NTV_(Russia)" title="NTV (Russia)">Channel 4</a><sup>HD</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5TV_(Russian_TV_channel)" title="5TV (Russian TV channel)">Channel 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia-K" title="Russia-K">Channel 6</a><sup>HD</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia-24" title="Russia-24">Channel 7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carousel_(TV_channel)" title="Carousel (TV channel)">Channel 8</a><sup>HD</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Television_of_Russia" title="Public Television of Russia">Channel 9</a><sup>HD</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV_Centre_(Russia)" title="TV Centre (Russia)">Channel 10</a><sup>HD</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vesti_FM" title="Vesti FM">Radio 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Mayak" title="Radio Mayak">Radio 2</a><sup>5.1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Rossii" title="Radio Rossii">Radio 3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Second Multiplex</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/REN_TV" title="REN TV">Channel 11</a><sup>HD</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spas_(TV_channel)" title="Spas (TV channel)">Channel 12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS_(TV_channel)" title="STS (TV channel)">Channel 13</a><sup>HD</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domashny" title="Domashny">Channel 14</a><sup>HD</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV-3_(Russia)" class="mw-redirect" title="TV-3 (Russia)">Channel 15</a><sup>HD</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friday!" title="Friday!">Channel 16</a><sup>HD</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zvezda_(TV_channel)" title="Zvezda (TV channel)">Channel 17</a><sup>HD</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mir_(television_company)" title="Mir (television company)">Channel 18</a><sup>HD</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TNT_(Russian_TV_channel)" title="TNT (Russian TV channel)">Channel 19</a><sup>HD</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muz-TV" title="Muz-TV">Channel 20</a><sup>HD</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terrestrial and<br /> Analog Broadcasting <br /> or Nationwide channels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/All-Russia_State_Television_and_Radio_Broadcasting_Company" title="All-Russia State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company">VGTRK</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russia-1" title="Russia-1">Russia-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia-24" title="Russia-24">Russia-24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia-K" title="Russia-K">Russia-K</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gazprom-Media" title="Gazprom-Media">Gazprom-Media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NTV_(Russia)" title="NTV (Russia)">NTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Match_TV" title="Match TV">Match!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TNT_(Russian_TV_channel)" title="TNT (Russian TV channel)">TNT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV-3_(Russia)" class="mw-redirect" title="TV-3 (Russia)">TV-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friday!" title="Friday!">Pyatnitsa!</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Super_(Russian_TV_channel)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Super (Russian TV channel) (page does not exist)">Subbota!</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=TNT4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TNT4 (page does not exist)">TNT4</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National Media<br />Group</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/REN_TV" title="REN TV">REN TV</a> (82%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/5TV_(Russian_TV_channel)" title="5TV (Russian TV channel)">Channel Five</a> (72,4%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_One_Russia" title="Channel One Russia">Channel One</a> (19,5%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS_(TV_channel)" title="STS (TV channel)">CTC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domashny" title="Domashny">Domashny</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Che_(TV_channel)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Che (TV channel) (page does not exist)">Che</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media-1</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muz-TV" title="Muz-TV">Muz-TV</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=U_(Russian_TV_channel)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="U (Russian TV channel) (page does not exist)">U</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solntse_(TV_channel)" title="Solntse (TV channel)">Solntse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other state-owned<br />channels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carousel_(TV_channel)" title="Carousel (TV channel)">Carousel</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="TV Center">TV Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Television_of_Russia" title="Public Television of Russia">OTR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mir_(television_company)" title="Mir (television company)">MIR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spas_(TV_channel)" title="Spas (TV channel)">Spas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zvezda_(TV_channel)" title="Zvezda (TV channel)">Zvezda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cable/<br />Satellite/<br />IPTV/<br />OTT</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/All-Russia_State_Television_and_Radio_Broadcasting_Company" title="All-Russia State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company">VGTRK</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RTR-Planeta" title="RTR-Planeta">RTR-Planeta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Solovyov_(TV_presenter)" title="Vladimir Solovyov (TV presenter)">Solovyov Live</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/My_Planet_(TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="My Planet (TV channel)">My Planet</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Live_Planet_(TV_channel)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Live Planet (TV channel) (page does not exist)">Live Planet</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nauka_2.0_(TV_channel)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nauka 2.0 (TV channel) (page does not exist)">Nauka</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doctor_(TV_channel)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doctor (TV channel) (page does not exist)">Doctor</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_(Russian_TV_channel)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History (Russian TV channel) (page does not exist)">History</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=T24_(TV_channel)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="T24 (TV channel) (page does not exist)">T24</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_Roman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russian Roman (page does not exist)">Russian Roman</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_Bestseller&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russian Bestseller (page does not exist)">Russian Bestseller</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_Detective&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russian Detective (page does not exist)">Russian Detective</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Komediya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Komediya (page does not exist)">Komediya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosfilm" title="Mosfilm">Mosfilm. Gold collection</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_(TV_channel)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinema (TV channel) (page does not exist)">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kino_TV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kino TV (page does not exist)">Kino TV</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarafan_(TV_channel)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sarafan (TV channel) (page does not exist)">Sarafan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NST_(TV_channel)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NST (TV channel) (page does not exist)">NST</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strashnoe_HD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Strashnoe HD (page does not exist)">Strashnoe HD</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FAN_(TV_channel)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FAN (TV channel) (page does not exist)">FAN</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mama_(TV_channel)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mama (TV channel) (page does not exist)">Mama</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multimuzyka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Multimuzyka (page does not exist)">Multimuzyka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinomult&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kinomult (page does not exist)">Kinomult</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mult&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mult (page does not exist)">Mult</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ani_(TV_channel)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ani (TV channel) (page does not exist)">ANI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/RT_(TV_network)" title="RT (TV network)">RT</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RT_(TV_network)" title="RT (TV network)">RT English</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RT_DE" title="RT DE">RT DE</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RT_Documentary" title="RT Documentary">RTD Russian</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RT_Documentary" title="RT Documentary">RTD English</a> (HD)<sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RT_France" title="RT France">RT French</a> (HD)<sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RT_Spanish" class="mw-redirect" title="RT Spanish">RT Spanish</a> (HD)<sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RT_Arabic" title="RT Arabic">RT Arabic</a> (HD)<sup>1</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gazprom-Media" title="Gazprom-Media">Gazprom-Media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>GPM Entertainment TV <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2%C3%972_(TV_channel)" title="2×2 (TV channel)">2x2</a></li></ul></li> <li>GPM Information TV <ul><li>NTV Style</li> <li>NTV Pravo</li> <li>NTV Serial</li> <li>NTV Hit</li> <li>Neizvestnaya Rossiya</li></ul></li> <li>GPM Movies and Thematic TV <ul><li>Kinopremiera (HD)</li> <li>Kinohit (HD)</li> <li>Kinosemiya (HD)</li> <li>Muzhskoe Kino (HD)</li> <li>Kinosvidanie (HD)</li> <li>Kinomiks</li> <li>Nashe novoe kino</li> <li>Rodnoe Kino</li> <li>Kinokomediya</li> <li>Indiyskoe kino</li> <li>Kinoseriya (HD)</li> <li>Kinouzhas (HD)</li> <li>Kuhnya (HD)</li> <li>HDL (HD)</li> <li>365 Dney (HD)</li> <li>La Minor</li> <li>Russkaya Noch (HD)</li> <li>Auto Plus (HD)</li> <li>KVN TV</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Europa_Plus_TV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Europa Plus TV (page does not exist)">Europa Plus TV</a> (HD)</li> <li>India (HD)</li> <li>Saga TV (HD)</li> <li>Zhivi! (HD)</li> <li>Supergeroi (HD)</li> <li>MMA TV</li></ul></li> <li>GPM Match! <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Match!_Planeta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Match! Planeta (page does not exist)">Match! Planeta</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Match!_Arena" title="Match! Arena">Match! Arena</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Match!_Game" title="Match! Game">Match! Igra</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Match!_Strana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Match! Strana (page does not exist)">Match! Strana</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Match!_Boets&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Match! Boets (page does not exist)">Match! Boets</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Match!_Premier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Match! Premier (page does not exist)">Match! Premier</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Match!_Football_1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Match! Football 1 (page does not exist)">Match! Football 1</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Match!_Football_2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Match! Football 2 (page does not exist)">Match! Football 2</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Match!_Football_3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Match! Football 3 (page does not exist)">Match! Football 3</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KHL" class="mw-redirect" title="KHL">KHL</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KHL" class="mw-redirect" title="KHL">KHL Prime</a> (HD)</li> <li>Konnyi Mir (HD)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National Media<br />Group</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Izvestia (branded as "iz") (HD)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CTC_Love&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CTC Love (page does not exist)">CTC Love</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CTC_Kids&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CTC Kids (page does not exist)">CTC Kids</a> (HD)</li> <li>78 (HD)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Channel_One_Russia" title="Channel One Russia">Channel One</a> (19,5%)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dom_Kino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dom Kino (page does not exist)">Dom Kino</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dom_Kino_Premium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dom Kino Premium (page does not exist)">Dom Kino Premium</a> (HD)</li> <li>Muzika Pervogo</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vremya_(TV_channel)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vremya (TV channel) (page does not exist)">Vremya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telecafe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecafe (page does not exist)">Telecafe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bober_(TV_channel)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bober (TV channel) (page does not exist)">Bober</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=O!_(TV_channel)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="O! (TV channel) (page does not exist)">O!</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poekhaly!&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poekhaly! (page does not exist)">Poekhaly!</a> (HD)</li> <li>Pobeda (HD)</li> <li>Lapki Live (HD)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katyusha_(TV_channel)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Katyusha (TV channel) (page does not exist)">Katyusha</a> (HD)<sup>1</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media Telekom (50%)<sup>3</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Kineko (HD)</li> <li>Sapfir (HD)</li> <li>Terra (HD)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Udar_(TV_channel)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Udar (TV channel) (page does not exist)">Udar</a> (HD)</li> <li>.Red (HD)</li> <li>.Black (HD)</li> <li>.Sci-Fi (HD)</li> <li>Mi (HD)</li> <li>Appetitny (HD)</li> <li>Dialogi o rybalke (distribution)</li> <li>Star Media (distribution) <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Star_Cinema_(TV_channel)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Star Cinema (TV channel) (page does not exist)">Star Cinema</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Star_Family&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Star Family (page does not exist)">Star Family</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BOLT_(TV_channel)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BOLT (TV channel) (page does not exist)">BOLT</a> (HD)</li></ul></li> <li>Fenix Film (distribution) <ul><li>Fenix plus kino (HD)</li> <li>Oruzhie</li> <li>Anekdot TV</li></ul></li> <li>Start Broadcasting (distribution) <ul><li>Start (HD)</li> <li>Start Triumpf (HD)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow Media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_24" title="Moscow 24">Moscow 24</a></li> <li>Moscow Doveriye</li> <li>Central Television Channel</li> <li>360 - Moscow Region (HD)</li> <li>360 - Moscow News (HD)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">SAFMAR Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bridge" title="Bridge">Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bridge_Russian_Hits&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bridge Russian Hits (page does not exist)">Bridge Russian Hits</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bridge_Shlyager&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bridge Shlyager (page does not exist)">Bridge Shlyager</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bridge_Fresh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bridge Fresh (page does not exist)">Bridge Fresh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bridge_Hits&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bridge Hits (page does not exist)">Bridge Hits</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bridge_Classic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bridge Classic (page does not exist)">Bridge Classic</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bridge_Rock&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bridge Rock (page does not exist)">Bridge Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baby_Time&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baby Time (page does not exist)">Baby Time</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bridge_Deluxe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bridge Deluxe (page does not exist)">Bridge Deluxe</a> (HD)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Viasat_World" class="mw-redirect" title="Viasat World">Viasat Russia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Viju_TV1000_Russkoe" title="Viju TV1000 Russkoe">Viju TV1000 Russkoe</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viju_TV1000&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Viju TV1000 (page does not exist)">Viju TV1000</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viju_TV1000_Action&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Viju TV1000 Action (page does not exist)">Viju TV1000 Action</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viju_TV1000_Novella&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Viju TV1000 Novella (page does not exist)">Viju TV1000 Novella</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viju_TV1000_Romantica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Viju TV1000 Romantica (page does not exist)">Viju TV1000 Romantica</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viju_Explore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Viju Explore (page does not exist)">Viju Explore</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viju_History&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Viju History (page does not exist)">Viju History</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viju_Nature&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Viju Nature (page does not exist)">Viju Nature</a> (HD)</li> <li>Da Vinci Russia (HD)</li> <li>Viju+ Premiere (HD)</li> <li>Viju+ Megahit (HD)</li> <li>Viju+ Comedy (HD)</li> <li>Viju+ Serial (HD)</li> <li>Viju+ Planet (HD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viasat_Sport_East" title="Viasat Sport East">Viju+ Sport</a> (HD)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khabar_24" title="Khabar 24">24.KZ</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jibek_Joly_TV" title="Jibek Joly TV">Jibek Joly TV</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jibek_Joly_TV" title="Jibek Joly TV">Jibek Joly Cinema</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCTV-4" title="CCTV-4">CCTV-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CGTN" class="mw-redirect" title="CGTN">CGTN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CGTN_Russian" title="CGTN Russian">CGTN Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_Music_Box&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russian Music Box (page does not exist)">Russian Music Box</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_Box_(TV_channel)" title="Music Box (TV channel)">Music Box Gold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TNT_Music" title="TNT Music">TNT Music</a> (planned Fonbet Music)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/O2TV" title="O2TV">O2TV</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanson_TV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shanson TV (page does not exist)">Shanson TV</a></li> <li>TV channel <a href="/w/index.php?title=Strana_FM&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Strana FM (page does not exist)">Strana FM</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhara!_TV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhara! TV (page does not exist)">Zhara! TV</a> (HD)</li> <li>Zvezda Plus</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RU.TV" title="RU.TV">RU.TV</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RBC_TV" class="mw-redirect" title="RBC TV">RBC TV</a> (HD)</li> <li>MIR 24 (HD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTVI" title="RTVI">RTVI</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTVI" title="RTVI">RTVI Retro</a><sup>1</sup></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Internet_andsatellite_only" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Internet and<br />satellite only</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TV_Rain" title="TV Rain">TV Rain</a> (HD)</li> <li>Svoboda (HD)</li> <li>Svoboda News (HD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euronews" title="Euronews">Euronews Russian</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Current_Time_TV" title="Current Time TV">Current Time TV</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DW-TV" title="DW-TV">DW Russian</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telewizja_Polska" title="Telewizja Polska">Vot Tak TV</a> (programm blocks) (HD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrinform" title="Ukrinform">FreeDom</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smotrim" title="Smotrim">Smotrim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Life_(news_agency,_Russia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Life (news agency, Russia)">Life</a></li> <li>Life78</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A-One_(TV_channel)" title="A-One (TV channel)">A-One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMC_(European_TV_channel)" title="AMC (European TV channel)">AMC Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia-2" title="Russia-2">Russia-2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telenyanya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telenyanya (page does not exist)">Telenyanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibigon" title="Bibigon">Bibigon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MGM_(TV_channel)" title="MGM (TV channel)">MGM Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV-6_(Russia)" title="TV-6 (Russia)">TV-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVS_(Russia)" title="TVS (Russia)">TVS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_TV" title="Seven TV">Seven</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DTV_(Russian_TV_channel)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DTV (Russian TV channel) (page does not exist)">DTV</a></li> <li>Rambler Teleset</li> <li>Otkrytyi Mir</li> <li>M1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_Television_Channel" title="Moscow Television Channel">Moscow Television Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TeleExpo" title="TeleExpo">TeleExpo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=4Multimania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="4Multimania (page does not exist)">4Multimania</a> (in Russia)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nashe_TV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nashe TV (page does not exist)">Nashe TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsargrad_TV" title="Tsargrad TV">Tsargrad TV</a></li> <li>MIR Premium</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RT_America" title="RT America">RT America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RT_UK" title="RT UK">RT UK</a></li> <li>Euronovosti</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Channel_(Russia)" title="Sony Channel (Russia)">Sony Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sony_Turbo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sony Turbo (page does not exist)">Sony Turbo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sony_Sci-Fi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sony Sci-Fi (page does not exist)">Sony Sci-Fi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=UFC_TV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UFC TV (page does not exist)">UFC TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_(international)" title="Fox (international)">FOX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_Life" title="Fox Life">FOX Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_(American_TV_channel)" title="National Geographic (American TV channel)">National Geographic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Wild" class="mw-redirect" title="National Geographic Wild">National Geographic Wild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BabyTV" title="BabyTV">BabyTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disney_Channel_(Russian_TV_channel)" title="Disney Channel (Russian TV channel)">Kanal Disney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discovery_Channel_(Russian_TV_channel)" title="Discovery Channel (Russian TV channel)">Discovery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Planet_(European_TV_channel)" title="Animal Planet (European TV channel)">Animal Planet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discovery_Science_(European_TV_channel)" title="Discovery Science (European TV channel)">Discovery Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_Channel" title="Travel Channel">Travel Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investigation_Discovery" title="Investigation Discovery">ID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DTX_(TV_channel)" title="DTX (TV channel)">DTX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TLC_(TV_network)" title="TLC (TV network)">TLC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HGTV" title="HGTV">HGTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_Network" title="Food Network">Food Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motor_Trend" title="Motor Trend">Motor Trend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurosport_1" title="Eurosport 1">Eurosport 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurosport_2" title="Eurosport 2">Eurosport 2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eurosport_Gold&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eurosport Gold (page does not exist)">Eurosport Gold</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eurosport_4K&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eurosport 4K (page does not exist)">Eurosport 4K</a></li> <li>Discovery Ultra</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNN_International" title="CNN International">CNN International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartoon_Network_(Russian_%26_Southeastern_European_TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cartoon Network (Russian & Southeastern European TV channel)">Cartoon Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boomerang_(Central_and_Eastern_European_TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Boomerang (Central and Eastern European TV channel)">Boomerang</a></li> <li>VH1 Russia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/VH1_(European_TV_channel)" title="VH1 (European TV channel)">VH1 Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Club_MTV_(European_TV_channel)" title="Club MTV (European TV channel)">Club MTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_Hits_(European_TV_channel)" title="MTV Hits (European TV channel)">MTV Hits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_(Russian_TV_channel)" title="MTV (Russian TV channel)">MTV Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Comedy_(Russia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Paramount Comedy (Russia)">Paramount Comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Channel" class="mw-redirect" title="Paramount Channel">Paramount Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nickelodeon_(Russian_TV_channel)" title="Nickelodeon (Russian TV channel)">Nickelodeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nickelodeon_(Russian_TV_channel)" title="Nickelodeon (Russian TV channel)">Nickelodeon HD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Jr._(Russian_TV_channel)" title="Nick Jr. (Russian TV channel)">Nick Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicktoons_(Central_and_Eastern_European_TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicktoons (Central and Eastern European TV channel)">Nicktoons</a></li> <li>Zee TV Russia</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><small><sup>1</sup>Channels don't broadcast in Russia, <sup>2</sup>Joint venture <a href="/wiki/Channel_One_(Russia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Channel One (Russia)">Channel One</a> and <a href="/wiki/VGTRK" class="mw-redirect" title="VGTRK">VGTRK</a>, <sup>3</sup>Joint venture National Media Group and <a href="/wiki/Rostelecom" title="Rostelecom">Rostelecom</a></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Russia_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Russia_topics" title="Template:Russia topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Russia_topics" title="Template talk:Russia topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Russia_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Russia topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Russia_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Russia" title="History of Russia">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Russian_history" title="Timeline of Russian history">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-Europeans" title="Proto-Indo-Europeans">Proto-Indo-Europeans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scythians" title="Scythians">Scythians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarmatians" title="Sarmatians">Sarmatians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Slavs" title="Early Slavs">Early Slavs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Slavs" title="East Slavs">East Slavs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kievan_Rus%27" title="Kievan Rus'">Kievan Rus'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasion_of_Kievan_Rus%27" title="Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus'">Mongol invasion</a></li> <li>Feudal Rus' <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Novgorod_Republic" title="Novgorod Republic">Novgorod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir-Suzdal" title="Vladimir-Suzdal">Vladimir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Moscow" title="Principality of Moscow">Moscow</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expansion_of_Russia_(1500%E2%80%931800)" title="Expansion of Russia (1500–1800)">Expansion (1500–1800)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsardom_of_Russia" title="Tsardom of Russia">Tsardom of Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Tsardom_of_Russia" title="Army of the Tsardom of Russia">Army</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_Revolution" title="February Revolution">February Revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Republic" title="Russian Republic">Russian Republic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_Revolution" title="October Revolution">October Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Civil_War" title="Russian Civil War">Civil war</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian state">Russian state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic" title="Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic">Russian SFSR</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Eastern Front (World War II)">Great Patriotic War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc" title="Eastern Bloc">Eastern Bloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">Dissolution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Russia_(1991%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Russia (1991–present)">Russian Federation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_State" title="Union State">Union State</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_the_Russian_Federation" title="Economic history of the Russian Federation">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Russian_journalism" title="History of Russian journalism">Journalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Russia" title="History of the Jews in Russia">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Internet_in_Russia" title="History of the Internet in Russia">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_system_of_the_Russian_Empire" title="Judicial system of the Russian Empire">Judicial system of the Russian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_history_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT history in Russia">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Russia" title="Military history of Russia">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Russia" title="Outline of Russia">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Russia" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Russia">Postal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_city_of_Russia" title="Historical city of Russia">Historical cities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Russia" title="Geography of Russia">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borders_of_Russia" title="Borders of Russia">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Russia" title="List of cities and towns in Russia">Cities and towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Russia" title="Climate of Russia">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Russia" title="List of earthquakes in Russia">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environment_of_Russia" title="Environment of Russia">Environment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Russia" title="Environmental issues in Russia">Environmental issues</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_points_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Extreme points of Russia">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Russia" title="European Russia">European Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Russian_Upland" title="Central Russian Upland">Central Russian Upland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Russia" title="Northwest Russia">Northwest Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meshchera_Lowlands" title="Meshchera Lowlands">Meshchera Lowlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oka%E2%80%93Don_Lowland" title="Oka–Don Lowland">Oka–Don Lowland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smolensk_Upland" title="Smolensk Upland">Smolensk Upland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fjords_of_Russia" title="List of fjords of Russia">Fjords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Russia" title="Geology of Russia">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_glaciers_in_Russia" title="List of glaciers in Russia">Glaciers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Russian_Regions" title="Great Russian Regions">Great Russian Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest_points_of_Russian_federal_subjects" title="List of highest points of Russian federal subjects">Highest points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Russia" title="List of islands of Russia">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Russia" title="List of lakes of Russia">Lakes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea">Caspian Sea</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of mountains of Russia">Mountains</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caucasus_Mountains" title="Caucasus Mountains">Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ural_Mountains" title="Ural Mountains">Urals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Russia" title="List of volcanoes in Russia">Volcanoes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Asia" title="North Asia">North Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Siberian_Plain" title="West Siberian Plain">West Siberian Plain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Far_East" title="Russian Far East">Russian Far East</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Caucasus" title="North Caucasus">North Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Russia" title="List of rivers of Russia">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Russia" title="Protected areas of Russia">Protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Russia" title="Wildlife of Russia">Wildlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far_North_(Russia)" title="Far North (Russia)">Far North</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Russia" title="Politics of Russia">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Russia" title="Anarchism in Russia">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Russia" title="Capital punishment in Russia">Capital punishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Service_of_the_Russian_Federation" title="Civil Service of the Russian Federation">Civil Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classified_information_in_Russia" title="Classified information in Russia">Classified information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_Russia" title="Conscription in Russia">Conscription</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Russia" title="Constitution of Russia">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_Code_of_Russia" title="Criminal Code of Russia">Criminal code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Russia" title="Elections in Russia">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics_in_Russia" title="Far-right politics in Russia">Far-right politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_budget_of_Russia" title="Federal budget of Russia">Federal budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Russia" title="Foreign relations of Russia">Foreign relations</a> (<a href="/wiki/Foreign_Relations_of_Russia_since_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign Relations of Russia since the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Foreign Relations of Russia since the Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_assembly_in_Russia" title="Freedom of assembly in Russia">Freedom of assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Russia" title="Government of Russia">Government</a> (<a href="/wiki/Apparatus_of_the_Government_of_Russia" title="Apparatus of the Government of Russia">Apparatus</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Russia" title="Judiciary of Russia">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Russia" title="Law of Russia">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Russia" title="Law enforcement in Russia">Law enforcement</a> (<a href="/wiki/Prisons_in_Russia" title="Prisons in Russia">Prisons</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_abuse_of_psychiatry_in_Russia" title="Political abuse of psychiatry in Russia">Political abuse of psychiatry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_divisions_of_Russia" title="Political divisions of Russia">Political divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Propaganda in Russia">Propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Russia" title="Liberalism in Russia">Liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Russia" title="Conservatism in Russia">Conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_imperialism" title="Russian imperialism">Imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_irredentism" title="Russian irredentism">Irredentism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_nationalism" title="Russian nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martial_law_in_Russia" title="Martial law in Russia">Martial law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchism_in_Russia" title="Monarchism in Russia">Monarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_freedom_in_Russia" title="Media freedom in Russia">Media freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazism_in_Russia" title="Neo-Nazism in Russia">Neo-Nazism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Armed_Forces" title="Russian Armed Forces">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligence_agencies_of_Russia" title="Intelligence agencies of Russia">Intelligence agencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_opposition" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian opposition">Opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_parties_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Political parties in Russia">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Russia" title="President of Russia">President of Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Russia" title="Prime Minister of Russia">Prime Minister of Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Independent_States" title="Commonwealth of Independent States">Commonwealth of Independent States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collective_Security_Treaty_Organization" title="Collective Security Treaty Organization">Collective Security Treaty Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_emergency_in_Russia" title="State of emergency in Russia">State of emergency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_defense_in_Russia" title="Civil defense in Russia">Civil defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Search_and_rescue_in_Russia" title="Search and rescue in Russia">Search and rescue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_planning_in_Russia" title="Urban planning in Russia">Urban planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_surveillance_in_Russia" title="Mass surveillance in Russia">Mass surveillance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separatism_in_Russia" title="Separatism in Russia">Separatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Term_limits_in_Russia" title="Term limits in Russia">Term limits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Russia" title="Terrorism in Russia">Terrorism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Russia" title="Economy of Russia">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Russia" title="Agriculture in Russia">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_industry_of_Russia" title="Aircraft industry of Russia">Aircraft industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Russia" title="Banking in Russia">Banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Droughts_and_famines_in_Russia_and_the_Soviet_Union" title="Droughts and famines in Russia and the Soviet Union">Droughts and famines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Russia" title="Automotive industry in Russia">Car industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Russia" title="Central Bank of Russia">Central Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defense_industry_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Defense industry of Russia">Defence industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_regions_of_Russia" title="Economic regions of Russia">Economic regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Russia" title="Energy in Russia">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Russia" title="Fishing industry in Russia">Fishing industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forestry_in_Russia" title="Forestry in Russia">Forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Financial_districts_in_Russia" title="Category:Financial districts in Russia">Financial districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambling_in_Russia" title="Gambling in Russia">Gambling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Russia" title="Homelessness in Russia">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_industry_of_Russia" title="Mining industry of Russia">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_industry_in_Russia" title="Petroleum industry in Russia">Petroleum industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postal_codes_in_Russia" title="Postal codes in Russia">Postal codes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_oligarchs" title="Russian oligarchs">Russian oligarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_ruble" title="Russian ruble">Ruble <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Russia" title="Science and technology in Russia">Science and technology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Russian Academy of Sciences">Academy of Sciences</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shipbuilding_in_Russia" title="Shipbuilding in Russia">Shipbuilding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_security_system_in_Russia" title="Social security system in Russia">Social security system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_industry_of_Russia" title="Space industry of Russia">Space industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Russia" title="Taxation in Russia">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Russia" title="Telecommunications in Russia">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Russia" title="Tourism in Russia">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_trade_unions_in_Russia" title="List of trade unions in Russia">Trade unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Russia" title="Transport in Russia">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management_in_Russia" title="Waste management in Russia">Waste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Russia" title="Water supply and sanitation in Russia">Water supply and sanitation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Russia" title="Category:Society of Russia">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Russia" title="Abortion in Russia">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_in_Russia" title="Alcohol in Russia">Alcohol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-American_sentiment_in_Russia" title="Anti-American sentiment in Russia">Anti-American sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Russia" title="Cannabis in Russia">Cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_the_Russian_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Censorship in the Russian Federation">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizenship_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Citizenship of Russia">Citizens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Russia" title="Corruption in Russia">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Russia" title="Crime in Russia">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deafness_in_Russia" title="Deafness in Russia">Deafness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Russia" title="Demographics of Russia">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_violence_in_Russia" title="Domestic violence in Russia">Domestic violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doping_in_Russia" title="Doping in Russia">Doping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Russia" title="Education in Russia">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Russia" title="Ethnic groups in Russia">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Russia" title="Feminism in Russia">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_public_apologies_in_Russia" title="Forced public apologies in Russia">Forced public apologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funerals_in_Russia" title="Funerals in Russia">Funerals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_control_in_Russia" title="Gun control in Russia">Gun control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Russia" title="Health in Russia">Health</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Russia" title="Healthcare in Russia">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Russia" title="HIV/AIDS in Russia">HIV/AIDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mental_health_in_Russia" title="Mental health in Russia">Mental health</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Russia" title="Human rights in Russia">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Russia" title="LGBTQ rights in Russia">LGBTQ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Russia" title="Immigration to Russia">Immigration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigration_to_Russia" title="Illegal immigration to Russia">Illegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migrant_workers_in_Russia" title="Migrant workers in Russia">Labour</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Russia" title="Languages of Russia">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_subjects_of_Russia_by_life_expectancy" title="List of federal subjects of Russia by life expectancy">Life expectancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_access_in_Russia" title="Open access in Russia">Open access</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orphans_in_Russia" title="Orphans in Russia">Orphans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygamy_in_Russia" title="Polygamy in Russia">Polygamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Russia" title="Prostitution in Russia">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Russia" title="Racism in Russia">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Russia" title="Religion in Russia">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scouting_in_Russia" title="Scouting in Russia">Scouting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Russia" title="Slavery in Russia">Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_entrepreneurship_in_Russia" title="Social entrepreneurship in Russia">Social entrepreneurship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology_in_Russia" title="Sociology in Russia">Sociology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_Russia" title="Smoking in Russia">Smoking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_in_Russia" title="Suicide in Russia">Suicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_wedding_traditions" title="Russian wedding traditions">Wedding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witch_trials_in_Russia" title="Witch trials in Russia">Witch trials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Russia" title="Women in Russia">Women</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_Russian_and_Soviet_military" title="Women in the Russian and Soviet military">in army</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Russia" title="Culture of Russia">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Russia" title="Architecture of Russia">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armorial_of_Russia" title="Armorial of Russia">Armorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Russian_Armed_Forces" title="Culture of the Russian Armed Forces">Army culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honorary_weapons_of_Russia" title="Honorary weapons of Russia">Honorary weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Russian_artists" title="List of Russian artists">Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_ballet" title="Russian ballet">Ballet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Russia" title="Cinema of Russia">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_cuisine" title="Russian cuisine">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_wine" title="Russian wine">Wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_fashion" title="Russian fashion">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_fairy_tale" title="Russian fairy tale">Fairy tales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_fashion" title="Russian fashion">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Festivals_in_Russia" title="Category:Festivals in Russia">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Folklore of Russia">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_traditions_and_superstitions" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian traditions and superstitions">Traditions and superstitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_forms_of_addressing" title="Russian forms of addressing">Forms of addressing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graffiti_in_Russia" title="Graffiti in Russia">Graffiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_heraldry" title="Russian heraldry">Heraldry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Russia" title="Internet in Russia">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Russian_innovation" title="Timeline of Russian innovation">Inventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_literature" title="Russian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_martial_arts" title="Russian martial arts">Martial arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Russia" title="Mass media in Russia">Mass media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Russia" title="Music of Russia">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_Rus%CA%B9,_Russia_and_Ruthenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Names of Rusʹ, Russia and Ruthenia">Names of Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_given_name" title="Russian given name">Russian given name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_nobility" title="Russian nobility">Nobility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Russia" title="National symbols of Russia">National symbols</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_anthem_of_Russia" title="National anthem of Russia">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Russia" title="Coat of arms of Russia">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Russia" title="Flag of Russia">Flag</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regalia_of_the_Russian_tsars" title="Regalia of the Russian tsars">Russian tsars regalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_opera" title="Russian opera">Opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personification_of_Russia" title="Personification of Russia">Personification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_playing_cards" title="Russian playing cards">Playing cards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Russian_philosophers" title="List of Russian philosophers">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_political_jokes" title="Russian political jokes">Political jokes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Russia" title="Public holidays in Russia">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_tea_culture" title="Russian tea culture">tea culture</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Wonders_of_Russia" title="Seven Wonders of Russia">Seven Wonders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Russia" title="Sport in Russia">Sports</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Sports_Classification_System_of_Russia" title="Unified Sports Classification System of Russia">Unified Sports Classification System</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Russia" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Russia">World Heritage sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Russia" title="Outline of Russia">Outline</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Russia" title="Category:Russia">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Russia" title="Portal:Russia">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Television_in_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Television_in_Europe" title="Template:Television in Europe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Television_in_Europe" title="Template talk:Television in Europe"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Television_in_Europe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Television in Europe"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Television_in_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Television in Europe</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Albania" title="Television in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Andorra" title="Television in Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Armenia" title="Television in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Austria" title="Television in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Azerbaijan" title="Television in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Belarus" class="mw-redirect" title="Television in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Belgium" title="Television in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Television in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Bulgaria" title="Television in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Croatia" title="Television in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Cyprus" title="Television in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Television in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Denmark" title="Television in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Estonia" title="Television in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Finland" title="Television in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_France" title="Television in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Television in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Germany" title="Television in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Greece" title="Television in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Hungary" title="Television in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Iceland" title="Television in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Television in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Italy" title="Television in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Kazakhstan" title="Television in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Latvia" title="Television in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Liechtenstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Television in Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Lithuania" title="Television in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Luxembourg" title="Television in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Malta" title="Television in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Moldova" title="Television in Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Monaco" class="mw-redirect" title="Television in Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Montenegro" title="Television in Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_the_Netherlands" title="Television in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_North_Macedonia" title="Television in North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Norway" title="Television in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Poland" title="Television in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Portugal" title="Television in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Romania" title="Television in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_San_Marino" class="mw-redirect" title="Television in San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Serbia" title="Television in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Slovakia" title="Television in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Slovenia" title="Television in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Spain" title="Television in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Sweden" title="Television in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Switzerland" title="Television in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Turkey" title="Television in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Ukraine" title="Television in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Television in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited<br />recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Television_in_Abkhazia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Television in Abkhazia (page does not exist)">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Kosovo" title="Television in Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Northern_Cyprus" title="Television in Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Television_in_South_Ossetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Television in South Ossetia (page does not exist)">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Transnistria" class="mw-redirect" title="Television in Transnistria">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies and<br />other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_%C3%85land" class="mw-redirect" title="Television in Åland">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_the_Faroe_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Television in the Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Gibraltar" class="mw-redirect" title="Television in Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Guernsey" class="mw-redirect" title="Television in Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Television in the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Television in Jersey">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Television_in_Svalbard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Television in Svalbard (page does not exist)">Svalbard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Television_in_Asia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Television_in_Asia" title="Template:Television in Asia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Television_in_Asia" title="Template talk:Television in Asia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Television_in_Asia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Television in Asia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Television_in_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Television in Asia</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Afghanistan" title="Television in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Armenia" title="Television in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Azerbaijan" title="Television in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Bahrain" title="Television in Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Bangladesh" title="Television in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Bhutan" class="mw-redirect" title="Television in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Television_in_Brunei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Television in Brunei (page does not exist)">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Cambodia" class="mw-redirect" title="Television in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_China" title="Television in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Cyprus" title="Television in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Television_in_East_Timor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Television in East Timor (page does not exist)">East Timor (Timor-Leste)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Egypt" title="Television in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Television in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_India" title="Television in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Indonesia" title="Television in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Iran" title="Television in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Iraq" title="Television in Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Israel" title="Television in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Japan" title="Television in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Jordan" title="Television in Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Kazakhstan" title="Television in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_North_Korea" title="Television in North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_South_Korea" title="Television in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Kuwait" title="Television in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="Television in Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Television_in_Laos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Television in Laos (page does not exist)">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Lebanon" title="Television in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Malaysia" title="Television in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_the_Maldives" title="Television in the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Mongolia" class="mw-redirect" title="Television in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Myanmar" title="Television in Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Nepal" class="mw-redirect" title="Television in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Oman" title="Television in Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Pakistan" title="Television in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_the_Philippines" title="Television in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Qatar" title="Television in Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Television in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Singapore" title="Television in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Television in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Syria" title="Television in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Television_in_Tajikistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Television in Tajikistan (page does not exist)">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Thailand" title="Television in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Turkey" title="Television in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Turkmenistan" title="Television in Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Television in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Uzbekistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Television in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Vietnam" class="mw-redirect" title="Television in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Yemen" title="Television in Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with<br />limited recognition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Television_in_Abkhazia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Television in Abkhazia (page does not exist)">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Northern_Cyprus" title="Television in Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Television in the State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Television_in_South_Ossetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Television in South Ossetia (page does not exist)">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Taiwan" title="Television in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br />other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Television_in_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Television in the British Indian Ocean Territory (page does not exist)">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Television_in_Christmas_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Television in Christmas Island (page does not exist)">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Television_in_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Television in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (page does not exist)">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Hong_Kong" title="Television in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Macau" class="mw-redirect" title="Television in Macau">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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