CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><title>Walter De Maria Installations, Bio, Ideas | TheArtStory</title><meta name="description" content="Walter De Maria bridged multiple movements of artistic practice providing conceptual underpinnings to larger-scale sculptural work."><meta charset="UTF-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name="apple-itunes-app" content="app-id=1112423608"><meta property="fb:app_id" content="127759120586830"><meta property="og:image" content="https://www.theartstory.org/images20/new_design/share/share_de_maria_walter.jpg"><meta property="og:title" content="Walter De Maria Installations, Bio, Ideas"><meta property="og:site_name" content="The Art Story"><meta property="og:url" content="https://www.theartstory.org/artist/de-maria-walter/"><meta property="og:description" content="Walter De Maria bridged multiple movements of artistic practice providing conceptual underpinnings to larger-scale sculptural work."><meta property="og:type" content="article"><meta property="og:locale" content="en_US"><meta property="article:publisher" content="https://www.facebook.com/TheArtStory"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@TheArtStory"><meta name="twitter:title" content="Walter De Maria Installations, Bio, Ideas"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://www.theartstory.org/images20/new_design/share/share_de_maria_walter.jpg"><meta name="thumbnail" content="https://www.theartstory.org/images20/ttip/de_maria_walter.jpg"><link rel="canonical" href="https://www.theartstory.org/artist/de-maria-walter/"><link rel="amphtml" href="https://www.theartstory.org/amp/artist/de-maria-walter/"><link rel="preload" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v20/KFOmCnqEu92Fr1Mu4mxK.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin><link rel="preload" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v20/KFOkCnqEu92Fr1Mu51xIIzI.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin><link rel="preload" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v20/KFOlCnqEu92Fr1MmWUlfBBc4.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin><link rel="preload" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/lora/v16/0QIhMX1D_JOuMw_LIftL.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin> <style>@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-display:swap;src:local('Roboto'),local('Roboto-Regular'),url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v20/KFOmCnqEu92Fr1Mu4mxK.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0000-00FF,U+0131,U+0152-0153,U+02BB-02BC,U+02C6,U+02DA,U+02DC,U+2000-206F,U+2074,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:italic;font-weight:400;font-display:swap;src:local('Roboto Italic'),local('Roboto-Italic'),url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v20/KFOkCnqEu92Fr1Mu51xIIzI.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0000-00FF,U+0131,U+0152-0153,U+02BB-02BC,U+02C6,U+02DA,U+02DC,U+2000-206F,U+2074,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:normal;font-weight:700;font-display:swap;src:local('Roboto Bold'),local('Roboto-Bold'),url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v20/KFOlCnqEu92Fr1MmWUlfBBc4.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0000-00FF,U+0131,U+0152-0153,U+02BB-02BC,U+02C6,U+02DA,U+02DC,U+2000-206F,U+2074,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD}@font-face{font-family:'Lora';font-style:italic;font-weight:400;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/lora/v16/0QIhMX1D_JOuMw_LIftL.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0000-00FF,U+0131,U+0152-0153,U+02BB-02BC,U+02C6,U+02DA,U+02DC,U+2000-206F,U+2074,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD}@font-face{font-family:'Lora';font-style:italic;font-weight:700;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/lora/v16/0QIhMX1D_JOuMw_LIftL.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0000-00FF,U+0131,U+0152-0153,U+02BB-02BC,U+02C6,U+02DA,U+02DC,U+2000-206F,U+2074,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD}html,body,div,span,object,iframe,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,p,blockquote,a,em,small,strike,strong,sub,sup,dl,dt,dd,ol,ul,li,fieldset,form,label,legend,table,caption,tbody,tfoot,thead,tr,th,td,hr{padding:0;margin:0}table{border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0}body{outline:none;border:none;margin:0;font:400 16px 'Roboto',sans-serif;-webkit-text-size-adjust:none}a{text-decoration:none;color:#0082c9}img,a img{border:0}p{text-indent:0}.hidden{display:none}@media (max-width:600px){.mobile-hidden{display:none}}@media (min-width:600px){.desktop-hidden{display:none}}.noselect{-webkit-touch-callout:none;-webkit-user-select:none;-khtml-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none}.alignleft{text-align:left}.alignright{text-align:right}.aligncenter{text-align:center}.inp-error{border:1px solid red !important}.bold{font-weight:bold}.upper{text-transform:uppercase}.header{background:#fff;z-index:999;border-top:6px solid #0082c9}.sticky-header{position:sticky;top:0}.header-full{border-bottom:1px solid #bfbfbf}.header-full .header-container{max-width:1052px;width:100%;margin:0 auto;padding-right:10px;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center;background:#fff;z-index:999;height:105px;box-sizing:border-box}.header-full .logo{background:url("/images20/logos/logo-220x48.svg") no-repeat;background-size:cover;display:block;text-indent:-9999px;width:220px;height:48px}.header-full .custom-logo{background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:cover;display:block;text-indent:-9999px;width:270px;height:100px}.header-full .menu-container{display:flex;align-items:center;margin-left:50px}.header-full .menu-container .meni-item{margin:0 17px 0 18px;text-transform:uppercase;height:57px}.header-full .menu-container .meni-item a{font:700 16px 'Roboto',sans-serif;color:#101010;height:57px;line-height:57px}.header-full .menu-container .meni-item-selected{border-bottom:6px solid #0082c9;box-sizing:border-box}.header-full .menu-container .meni-item-selected a{color:#0082c9}.header-full .menu-container .meni-item:first-of-type{margin:0 23px 0 0}.header-full .menu-container .meni-item:last-of-type{margin-right:0}.header .search-container{width:100%;border-bottom:1px solid #d6d6d6;margin-left:15px;padding:5px 10px}.header .search-container-opened{border-radius:10px;border-bottom:none;background:#efefef}.header .search-container .search-input-holder{width:calc(100% - 60px);float:left}.header .search-container .menu-search-input{border:none;outline:none;color:#5b5b5b;height:22px;line-height:22px;font:400 italic 16px 'Roboto',sans-serif;background:none;width:100%}.header .search-container .menu-search-btn{border:none;outline:none;height:22px;width:22px;background:url("/images20/icons/icon-menu-search.svg") no-repeat;cursor:pointer;float:right}.header .search-container .menu-search-close{border:none;outline:none;height:22px;width:22px;background:url("/images20/icons/icon-modal-close-blue.svg") no-repeat;cursor:pointer;float:right;display:none;margin-left:10px}.header-short{padding:0 10px;text-align:center;background:#fff;z-index:999;-moz-box-shadow:0 0 10px 0 #d6d6d6;-webkit-box-shadow:0 0 10px 0 #d6d6d6;box-shadow:0 0 10px 0 #d6d6d6}.flex-header{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center}.header-short .btn{width:30px;height:30px;cursor:pointer}.header-short .menu-btn{background:url("/images20/icons/icon-menu-burger.svg") no-repeat;right:0}.header-short .search-btn{background:url("/images20/icons/icon-menu-search.svg") no-repeat;right:0}.header-short .logo-container{width:100%}.header-short .logo{padding:10px 0;background:url("/images20/logos/logo-131x28.svg") no-repeat;background-size:100% 100%;display:block;margin:0 auto;text-indent:-9999px;height:30px;width:131px}.header-short .custom-logo{background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:100% 100%;display:block;margin:1px auto;text-indent:-9999px;height:48px;width:220px}.header-short .search-container{display:none;text-align:left;margin:10px 0}.nav-anchor,.article-anchor{position:relative}@media (max-width:980px){.header-full{display:none !important}.header-short{display:block}.nav-bar{top:55px !important}.search-results{height:calc(100% - 55px)}.nav-anchor{top:-55px !important}.article-anchor{top:-114px !important}}@media (min-width:980px){.header-full{display:block}.search-results{height:calc(100% - 70px)}.header-short{display:none !important}.nav-bar{top:110px}.nav-anchor{top:-110px}.article-anchor{top:-158px}}.menu{position:fixed;left:-9999px;top:0;z-index:1000;height:100%;background-color:#5b5b5b;width:100%;padding:10px;box-sizing:border-box}.menu .buttons-container{display:flex}.menu .buttons-container .placeholder{width:100%}.menu .buttons-container .btn{width:30px;height:30px;cursor:pointer}.menu .buttons-container .menu-close-btn{background:url("/images20/icons/icon-modal-close-white.svg") no-repeat;left:0}.menu .buttons-container .menu-search-btn{background:url("/images20/icons/icon-menu-open-search.svg") no-repeat;right:0}.menu ul{line-height:30px;text-align:left;padding:30px 0}.menu li{list-style:none;background:url("/images20/icons/icon-menu-arrow.svg") no-repeat right 10px center;background-size:7px;padding:15px 0;border-bottom:1px solid #797979}.menu li a{color:#fff;font:400 18px 'Roboto',sans-serif;text-transform:uppercase}.menu .socials{text-align:center}.menu .socials span{margin:0 20px}.menu .socials img{width:30px;height:30px}.search-results{display:none;margin:0 auto;padding:0 10px;margin-bottom:30px;width:100%;overflow:auto;background:#fff;z-index:1000;position:fixed;box-sizing:border-box}.search-results-suggestions{max-width:1052px;margin:0 auto 20px auto}.search-results-suggestions .suggestion-header{font:700 20px 'Roboto',sans-serif;color:#0082c9;border-bottom:2px solid #0082c9;line-height:30px;margin-top:15px}.search-results-suggestions .suggestion-subheader{font:700 16px 'Roboto',sans-serif;color:#101010;line-height:30px;margin-top:15px;text-transform:uppercase}.suggestion-block{display:inline-block;width:100%}.suggestion-block ul{display:inline-block;width:100%}.suggestion-block li{list-style:none;padding:15px 0;border-bottom:1px solid #ebebeb;display:flex;align-items:center;width:100%}@media (min-width:1072px){.suggestion-block:not(#suggestion_artwork) ul:not(.ul-categories) li{width:330px;margin-right:31px;float:left}.suggestion-block:not(#suggestion_artwork) ul:not(.ul-categories) li:nth-child(3n+3){margin-right:0}}@media (max-width:1071px) and (min-width:691px){.suggestion-block:not(#suggestion_artwork) ul:not(.ul-categories) li{width:calc(50% - 16px);margin-right:31px;float:left}.suggestion-block:not(#suggestion_artwork) ul:not(.ul-categories) li:nth-child(2n+2){margin-right:0}}芒聙聥 .suggestion-block-categories{display:inline-block}.suggestion-block-categories li{float:left;width:auto;padding:10px;border-radius:10px;border:1px solid #ebebeb;color:#ebebeb;margin:10px 10px 0 0}.suggestion-block-categories li:hover{background-color:#dff2fc}.suggestion-block-categories li a{color:#0082c9}.suggestion-block .suggestion-link{color:#101010}.suggestion-block .suggestion-detail{color:#7b7b7b;margin-right:10px;text-decoration:underline}.suggestion-block .suggestion-category-link{color:#7b7b7b}.suggestion-block .suggestion-category-link:hover{color:#0082c9}.suggestion-item img{height:50px;float:left}.suggestion-item .item-links{float:left;margin-left:15px;line-height:25px}.suggestion-item .artwork-link{margin-left:15px}.suggestion-item .artwork-link .artwork-title{font-style:italic}.suggestion-item-selected{background-color:#dff2fc}.grey-header-container{background-color:#f2f2f2}.grey-header{max-width:1052px;margin:0 auto;position:relative;padding:0 10px}.bage{position:absolute;display:inline-block;top:0;font:400 14px 'Roboto',sans-serif;border-radius:0 0 5px 5px;padding:9px 10px}.bage span{font-weight:bold;text-transform:uppercase}.support-us-bage{color:#101010;background:#ffc943;right:10px}.about-us-bage{color:#fff;background:#0082c9;right:180px}@media (max-width:1000px){.about-us-bage{display:none}}@media (max-width:700px){.support-us-bage{display:none}}.breadcrumbs{font:700 14px 'Roboto',sans-serif;color:#000;padding:10px 0;text-transform:uppercase}.breadcrumbs a{color:#0082c9}.breadcrumbs li{display:inline}.breadcrumbs li:before{padding:5px 0 5px 5px;color:#000;content:"/\00a0"}.breadcrumbs .breadcrumb-home{background:url("/images20/icons/icon-breadcrumb-home.svg") no-repeat;width:15px;height:15px;float:left;margin-right:3px}.hero-container{padding-top:80px;background-size:cover;background-position:center}.hero-container-inner{max-width:1052px;margin:0 auto;position:relative;padding:0 10px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between}.hero-img-container{max-width:545px;font-size:0;padding:10px;border-radius:10px;background:#fff;box-sizing:border-box}.hero-img-container img{max-width:100%;height:auto}.hero-card-container{margin-left:30px;flex-grow:1;max-width:477px}.hero-card{background:#fff;padding:20px 20px 10px 20px;border-radius:10px}.hero-card .title{font:700 24px 'Roboto',sans-serif;color:#0082c9}.hero-card .description{font:500 16px 'Roboto',sans-serif;text-transform:uppercase;margin:10px 0}.hero-card .years{font:400 16px 'Roboto',sans-serif}.hero-card .years span{font-weight:700}.includes-container{font:400 15px 'Roboto',sans-serif}.includes-container .include{padding:10px;margin:10px 5px;background-color:#fff;border:1px solid #d6d6d6;color:#7e7e7e;border-radius:10px;display:inline-block;transition:color 0.3s,background 0.3s}.includes-container .include:hover{color:#0082c9;background-color:#b2d9ee}.svg-timeline-holder{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.65);height:100px;margin-top:20px;padding:0 10px}.svg-timeline-inner{max-width:1052px;margin:0 auto;height:100px}.svg-timeline-inner .event circle{cursor:pointer}@media (min-width:600px){.svg-timeline-inner .event circle:hover{stroke:rgb(255,230,0);stroke-width:2;r:10}}.timeline-pnt-tooltip{border:3px solid #1FAB43;border-radius:15px;position:absolute;background:#fff;z-index:995;max-width:200px;display:none}.timeline-pnt-tooltip .arrow-up{width:0;height:0;border-left:15px solid transparent;border-right:15px solid transparent;border-bottom:15px solid #1FAB43;position:relative;top:-15px;margin:0 auto}.timeline-pnt-tooltip .arrow-up-compenser{width:0;height:0;border-left:10px solid transparent;border-right:10px solid transparent;border-bottom:10px solid #fff;position:relative;top:5px;left:-10px}.timeline-pnt-tooltip .pnt-tooltip-content{margin:0 10px 20px 10px;font:700 16px 'Roboto',sans-serif;color:#1FAB43;text-align:center}.timeline-pnt-tooltip .pnt-tooltip-content .pnt-title{margin-bottom:10px}@media (max-width:900px){.hero-container{padding-top:30px}.hero-container-inner{display:block}.hero-img-container{margin:auto;max-width:max-content}.hero-card-container{margin-left:0;max-width:100%}.hero-card{margin-top:30px;margin-left:0}}@media (max-width:600px){.hero-container{padding:0;background-image:none !important;background-color:#27353D}.hero-container-inner{padding:0}.hero-img-container{margin:auto;max-width:max-content;padding:0;border:none}.hero-card{margin:0 20px;padding:10px;position:relative;top:-30px;text-align:center}.hero-card .description{font:700 16px 'Roboto',sans-serif}.svg-timeline-holder{margin-top:0}}.artist-card{margin:30px 0;display:inline-block;width:100%;position:relative;min-height:275px}.movement-card{margin-top:15px;width:100%;display:flex;padding-bottom:15px}.artist-card .bio-img-container{margin-left:15px;position:absolute;z-index:1}.artist-card .artist-info-timeline-container{display:flex;flex-direction:column;min-height:275px}.artist-card .artist-info{text-align:left;margin:0 0 15px 200px;width:calc(100% - 200px);flex-grow:1}.movement-card .movement-info{margin-left:15px}.artist-card .title,.movement-card .title{font:700 24px 'Roboto',sans-serif;color:#0082c9}.movement-card .title{margin-bottom:10px}.movement-card .timeline{margin-top:10px}.artist-card .description{font:400 20px 'Roboto',sans-serif;color:#101010;text-transform:uppercase;margin:5px 0}.artist-card .start-end,.movement-card .start-end{font:400 16px 'Roboto',sans-serif;line-height:24px}.artist-card .movements{margin-top:10px}.artist-card .timeline{border-radius:10px;background:#fff;padding:10px 10px 10px 200px;z-index:0;width:calc(100% - 210px)}.artist-card .timeline img,.movement-card .timeline img{max-width:100%;height:auto}.artist-card .movements .include{display:inline-block}@media (max-width:600px){.artist-card{margin:15px 0}.artist-card .bio-img-container{position:relative;margin-left:0}.artist-card .artist-info{text-align:center;margin:10px 0 0;margin-top:10px;width:100%}.artist-card .timeline{padding:10px;width:calc(100% - 20px);margin-top:10px}.artist-card .artist-info-timeline-container{min-height:0}.start-end-container{margin:0 -10px;margin-top:15px;width:calc(100% + 20px);font:400 15px 'Roboto',sans-serif;display:flex}.start-end-container .start-end{width:100%;background-color:#fff;padding:10px}.start-end-container .sep{width:5px;background-color:#f2f2f2}.artist-card .movements .include{padding:10px;margin:5px;background-color:#fff;border:1px solid #d6d6d6;color:#7e7e7e;border-radius:10px;display:inline-block;transition:color 0.3s,background 0.3s}.artist-card .movements .include:hover{color:#0082c9;background-color:#b2d9ee}.artist-card .movements span{display:none}.movement-card{display:block;margin-top:10px}.movement-card .movement-info{margin-left:0;margin-top:15px;text-align:center}}.nav-bar{background-color:#0082c9;width:100%;position:sticky;box-sizing:border-box;z-index:990;padding:0 10px}.main-bio-art{width:100%;max-width:1052px;margin:0 auto;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;color:#fff;z-index:990;-moz-box-shadow:0 15px 10px -10px #fff;-webkit-box-shadow:0 15px 10px -10px #fff;box-shadow:0 15px 10px -10px #fff;box-sizing:border-box}.main-bio-art .page-title{font:700 20px 'Roboto',sans-serif}.main-bio-art .page-nav{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center}.main-bio-art .element{font:400 16px 'Roboto',sans-serif;padding:15px 0;text-transform:uppercase;text-align:center}.main-bio-art .element+.element{margin-left:30px}.main-bio-art .selected{background:url("/images20/icons/icon-arrow-up.svg") no-repeat;background-size:20px;background-position:bottom}.main-bio-art a{color:#b2d9ee}@media (max-width:600px){.main-bio-art .page-title{display:none}.main-bio-art .page-nav{width:100%;justify-content:space-around}}.content-container{max-width:1072px;padding:40px 10px;width:100%;margin:0 auto;box-sizing:border-box}.content{display:inline-block;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;position:relative}.content .two-column-content{display:inline-block}.content sup{vertical-align:baseline;position:relative;top:-0.5em;font-size:0.7em}.content .left-column{width:100%;float:left}.content .right-column{width:248px;margin-left:54px;float:left}@media (max-width:1071px){.content .two-column-content{display:block}.content .left-column{float:none}.content .right-column{margin-left:0;margin-top:30px;width:100%;float:none}.content .right-column .ad-container{display:none}}@media (min-width:1072px){.content .left-column{max-width:750px}}.quotes{text-align:center;border:1px solid #d6d6d6;border-radius:10px;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center}.quote-prev,.quote-next{padding:0 10px;width:25px;height:25px;background-position:center;background-repeat:no-repeat;cursor:pointer}.quote-prev{background-image:url("/images20/icons/icon-lightbox-arrow-left.svg")}.quote-next{background-image:url("/images20/icons/icon-lightbox-arrow-right.svg")}.quotes-box{padding:10px;width:100%}.quotes-box #q1{display:block}.quotes-box .quote{display:none}.quotes-box .q-text{font:18px 'Lora',serif;font-style:italic}.quotes-box .q-info{display:flex;margin-top:10px;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center}.quotes-box .q-info .q-inline-counter{font-style:italic;font-weight:700;margin-right:15px;flex-shrink:0}.quotes-box .q-author{font:700 18px 'Lora',serif;font-style:italic;text-align:right}.quotes-counter{font-style:italic;text-align:center;margin:15px 0}.quotes-nav{margin:10px;display:flex;justify-content:center}.quotes-nav .q-nav-dot{color:#cbcbcb;font-size:60px;line-height:20px;cursor:pointer}.quotes-nav .active-dot{color:#0082c9}.more-quotes{text-align:right;font:700 14px 'Roboto',sans-serif;text-decoration:underline;position:relative;bottom:5px;right:10px}@media (max-width:600px){.quotes-box .q-info{flex-direction:column-reverse}.quotes-box .q-author{margin-bottom:10px;text-align:center}}.youtube-intro{margin-top:20px}.article-header{font:700 20px 'Roboto',sans-serif;color:#0082c9;border-bottom:2px solid #0082c9;line-height:30px;margin-top:40px;padding-bottom:5px}.biography-header,.artworks-header{margin-top:20px}.article-subheader{font:700 18px 'Roboto',sans-serif;color:#101010;margin-top:15px}.article-text{font:400 16px 'Roboto',sans-serif;color:#101010;line-height:24px;margin-top:10px}.article-img-new-line{display:flex;width:100%}.article-img{margin:15px 20px 0 0;max-width:100%}.article-img-left{float:left}.article-img-center{float:none;text-align:center;margin-right:0}.article-link-small{font:400 16px 'Roboto',sans-serif;color:#0082c9;margin-top:10px;padding-left:20px;background:url("/images20/icons/icon-bullet.svg") no-repeat left center;background-size:10px}.article .ad-container{margin:30px 0 30px 0;display:inline-block}.key-ideas li{list-style:none;background:url("/images20/icons/icon-bullet.svg") no-repeat left top 4px;background-size:10px;padding-left:20px;margin:10px 0;font:400 16px 'Roboto',sans-serif;color:#101010;line-height:24px}.grey-box{background-color:#f2f2f2;border-radius:0 0 10px 10px}.grey-box .article-text{text-align:left}.grey-box .short-bio-container{border:1px solid #0082c9;border-radius:10px;margin:20px 76px;display:inline-block}.short-bio-container .img-btn-holder img{border-radius:10px 10px 0 0}.grey-box .short-bio-container .short-bio{background:#fff;padding:15px;border-radius:0 0 10px 10px}.grey-box .short-bio .buttons-container{display:flex}.grey-box .short-bio .buttons-container .blue-button{width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.grey-box .short-bio .buttons-container .blue-button+.blue-button{margin-left:8px}.blue-button{background:#0082c9;margin-top:15px;padding:10px;border-radius:25px;text-align:center;transition:background 0.3s}.blue-button:hover,.blue-button:active{background:#008fdd}.blue-button a{font:700 16px 'Roboto',sans-serif;color:#fff}.bio-img-container{max-width:100%;text-align:center;font-size:0}.bio-img-container img{max-width:100%}@media (max-width:600px){.grey-box .short-bio .buttons-container{display:block}.grey-box .short-bio .buttons-container .blue-button+.blue-button{margin-left:0}.grey-box .short-bio-container{margin:20px}}.img-btn-holder{display:inline-block;position:relative}.img-btn-holder img{display:block;max-width:100%;height:auto}.img-btn-holder .btn{width:45px;height:45px;background-size:30px;background-position:center;cursor:pointer;position:absolute;bottom:0}.c-info-button{background:url("/images20/icons/icon-copyright-2.svg") no-repeat;right:0}.article-img .c-info-button,.bio-img-container .c-info-button{z-index:100}.zoom-button{background:url("/images20/icons/icon-zoom-2.svg") no-repeat;left:0}.info-button{background:url("/images20/icons/icon-info-2.svg") no-repeat;left:0}.image-info-desc{padding:10px 35px 10px 10px;color:#fff;background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.75);position:absolute;bottom:0;width:100%;max-height:100%;box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;z-index:99;font:400 16px 'Roboto',sans-serif;text-align:left}.image-info-x{width:39px;height:39px;background:url("/images20/icons/icon-modal-close-white.svg") no-repeat;background-size:20px;background-position:center;cursor:pointer;position:absolute;bottom:0;right:0;z-index:100}.progression-art{color:#fff;background-color:#00b930;font:400 18px 'Roboto',sans-serif;text-transform:uppercase;text-align:center;padding:5px 15px;border-radius:10px 10px 0 0;display:inline-block;margin-top:20px}.progression-artworks-box .important-art-element{padding:20px 40px;background-image:url("/images20/icons/green-line.svg");background-size:3px;background-position:left 30px top;background-repeat:repeat-y;position:relative}.progression-artworks-box .artwork-year{color:#fff;background-color:#00b930;font:400 18px 'Roboto',sans-serif;padding:5px 10px;position:relative;margin-right:10px;float:left}.progression-artworks-box .year-line{position:absolute;top:35px;left:30px;width:340px;height:3px;background:#00b930}.progression-artworks-box.pnt-only-artworks-box .year-line{width:200px}.progression-artworks-box .important-art-element .artwork-title{line-height:32px}.artworks-box{background-color:#f2f2f2;border-radius:0 0 10px 10px}.important-art-element{padding:20px 30px;display:flex}.important-art-element .arwrork-img-container{flex:0 0 300px;max-width:300px;text-align:center;z-index:1;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:center;align-items:flex-start}.pnt-only-artworks-box .important-art-element .arwrork-img-container{flex:0 0 150px;max-width:150px}.important-art-element .artwork-data-container{width:100%;margin-left:30px}.important-art-element-even{background-color:#e6e6e6}.important-art-element .artwork-img,.similar-art-element .artwork-img{padding:10px;background-color:#fff;border-radius:10px;display:inline-block;font-size:0;-moz-box-shadow:2px 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);-webkit-box-shadow:2px 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);box-shadow:2px 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.2)}.important-art-element .artwork-title{font:700 18px 'Roboto',sans-serif;color:#0082c9}.important-art-element .artwork-description{font:400 16px 'Roboto',sans-serif;color:#101010;line-height:24px;text-align:left;margin-top:20px}.important-art-element .artwork-author{font:400 18px 'Roboto',sans-serif;color:#101010;margin:10px 0}.important-art-element .artwork-materilas-location{font:400 16px 'Roboto',sans-serif;color:#101010;line-height:24px;font-style:italic;margin-top:15px}.important-art-element-work img{cursor:pointer}.similar-art{background-color:#b2d9ee;border-radius:0 0 10px 10px;position:relative;padding:10px 20px;display:flex;align-items:center}.similar-art-element{background-color:#dff2fc;border-radius:10px;padding:20px 10px;margin:15px 0;text-align:center;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.similar-art .similar-art-element+.similar-art-element{margin-left:26px}.similar-art-element .artwork-img img{height:95px;width:100%}.similar-art-element .artwork-title{font:700 18px 'Roboto',sans-serif;color:#0082c9;margin:15px 0 0 0}.similar-art-element .artwork-author{font:700 16px 'Roboto',sans-serif;margin:5px 0;color:#101010}.similar-art-element .artwork-author a{color:#101010;text-decoration:underline}.similar-art-element .from-movement{padding:10px;background-color:#fff;border:1px solid #d6d6d6;color:#7e7e7e;border-radius:10px;display:inline-block;transition:color 0.3s,background 0.3s}.similar-art-element .from-movement:hover{color:#0082c9;background-color:#b2d9ee}.similar-art-element .from-movement a{color:#7e7e7e;transition:color 0.3s}.similar-art-element .from-movement a:hover{color:#0082c9}.similar-art-element .blue-button{margin:10px 0 0 0}@media (max-width:600px){.important-art-element{display:block}.important-art-element .artwork-data-container{width:100%;margin-left:0;margin-top:15px}.progression-artworks-box .year-line{position:relative;top:18px;left:-10px;width:10px;width:50% !important}.progression-artworks-box .artwork-year{float:none;display:table;margin:0 auto 15px auto}.artwork-data-container .artwork-title{text-align:center}.artwork-data-container .artwork-description{margin-top:15px}.similar-art{display:block}.similar-art-element{margin-left:0 !important}.similar-art-element .artwork-img img{height:auto}}.google-images{width:100%;margin-top:10px}.google-images span{background:url(/images20/icons/icon-google.svg) no-repeat;background-size:16px;background-position:center right;padding-right:25px;display:inline-block}.google-images a{font:400 14px 'Roboto',sans-serif;color:#5b5b5b}.more-important-art{background-color:#b2d9ee;border-radius:0 0 10px 10px;position:relative;padding:10px 60px 25px 60px;text-align:center}.more-important-art .more-title{font:700 20px 'Roboto',sans-serif;color:#0082c9}.more-important-art .scroll-btn{position:absolute;top:calc(50% - 32px);border:none;outline:none;width:40px;height:60px;cursor:pointer}.more-important-art .scroll-left{left:0;background:#fff url("/images20/icons/icon-lightbox-arrow-left.svg") no-repeat;background-size:15px 30px;background-position:10px 15px;border-radius:0 5px 5px 0}.more-important-art .scroll-right{right:0;background:#fff url("/images20/icons/icon-lightbox-arrow-right.svg") no-repeat;background-size:15px 30px;background-position:15px 15px;border-radius:5px 0 0 5px}.more-important-art .horizontal-carousel{background-color:#dff2fc;border-radius:10px;padding:30px 0;margin:15px 0}.more-important-art .horizontal-carousel .carousel-view-box{margin:0 30px 0 10px;overflow:hidden;max-width:932px}.more-important-art .horizontal-carousel .carousel-holder{position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:left;align-items:center}.more-important-art .horizontal-carousel .carousel-item{padding:20px;background-color:#fff;border-radius:10px;line-height:0;width:max-content}.more-important-art .horizontal-carousel a{margin-left:20px}.more-important-art .horizontal-carousel .carousel-item img{max-height:200px}@media (max-width:600px){.more-important-art{background:none;padding:10px 20px 25px 20px}.more-important-art .horizontal-carousel{background:none;padding:0}.more-important-art .horizontal-carousel .carousel-view-box{margin:0}.more-important-art .horizontal-carousel .carousel-holder{flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:center}.more-important-art .horizontal-carousel .carousel-item{margin:10px 0}.more-important-art .scroll-btn{display:none !important}}.article-actions{display:flex}.article-actions .article-share{width:100%}.article-actions .article-cite-correct{width:100%;margin-left:30px}.article-actions .grey-box .buttons-container div{height:24px}.article-actions .buttons-container{width:100%;display:flex;padding:15px;box-sizing:border-box;justify-content:space-around}.article-share button{border:none;outline:none;height:24px;width:24px;cursor:pointer}.article-share .share-fb{background:url("/images20/icons/icon-social-fb.svg") no-repeat}.article-share .share-tw{background:url("/images20/icons/icon-social-tw.svg") no-repeat;width:30px}.article-share .share-pt{background:url("/images20/icons/icon-social-pt.svg") no-repeat}.article-share .share-mg{background:url("/images20/icons/icon-social-mg.svg") no-repeat}.article-share .share-wa{background:url("/images20/icons/icon-social-wa.svg") no-repeat}.article-cite-correct button{border:none;outline:none;font:700 16px 'Roboto',sans-serif;color:#0082c9;padding:0 0 0 30px;cursor:pointer;line-height:24px}.cite-article{background:url("/images20/icons/icon-cite.svg") no-repeat;background-size:24px}.correct-article{background:url("/images20/icons/icon-correct.svg") no-repeat;background-size:24px}.print-article{background:url("/images20/icons/icon-print.svg") no-repeat;background-size:24px}@media (max-width:750px){.article-actions{display:block}.article-actions .article-cite-correct{margin-left:0}.article-cite-correct button .long-text{display:none}}.minimap-container{background-color:#f2f2f2;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.minimap-container .minimap{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;flex-wrap:wrap;max-width:1072px;width:100%;margin:0 auto;box-sizing:border-box}.minimap .minimap-col{box-sizing:border-box;width:20%;padding:20px 10px;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;flex-direction:column}.minimap .minimap-header{font:400 16px 'Roboto',sans-serif;line-height:25px;text-transform:uppercase;color:#0082c9;margin-bottom:10px}.minimap .minimap-item{border-bottom:1px solid #cbcbcb;width:100%}.minimap .minimap-items{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;flex-direction:column;flex:1}.minimap .minimap-items .minimap-item:first-child{border-top:1px solid #cbcbcb}.minimap .minimap-item-space{min-height:20px;flex:1}.minimap .minimap-item-all{width:100%;background-color:#fff;padding:5px;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-shadow:3px 3px 3px #d6d6d6;-webkit-box-shadow:3px 3px 3px #d6d6d6;box-shadow:3px 3px 3px #d6d6d6}.minimap .minimap-all-link{color:#5b5b5b;font:400 12px 'Roboto',sans-serif;line-height:18px}.minimap .minimap-item-all:after{content:"\203A";color:#5b5b5b;font-size:22px;line-height:16px;font-weight:600}.minimap .minimap-col-tas{background-color:#0082c9;text-align:center;padding:20px}.minimap .minimap-col-tas .minimap-header{color:#fff}.minimap .minimap-col-tas .minimap-item{padding:3px 0}.minimap .minimap-col-tas .minimap-item .minimap-link{color:#fff}.minimap .minimap-col-tas .minimap-link:after{content:"\203A";float:right;padding:5px 10px;margin:-5px -10px -5px 0;color:#fff;font-size:22px;line-height:22px;font-weight:600}.minimap .minimap-col-tas .minimap-header-addition{font:400 12px 'Roboto',sans-serif;text-transform:none}.minimap .minimap-col-tas .donate-button{color:#000;font-weight:bold}.minimap .minimap-logo-img{display:none}.minimap .minimap-link{font:400 12px 'Roboto',sans-serif;line-height:20px;color:#808080}.minimap .donate-button{border-radius:3px;background-color:#FFC943;font:12px 'Roboto',sans-serif;padding:5px 15px;color:#303030;line-height:1.667;text-shadow:0 -1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,0.4);box-shadow:0 2px 0 0 rgba(164,125,40,0.6),inset 0 -1px 0 0 rgba(255,255,255,0.35);-moz-box-shadow:0 2px 0 0 rgba(164,125,40,0.6),inset 0 -1px 0 0 rgba(255,255,255,0.35);-webkit-box-shadow:0 2px 0 0 rgba(164,125,40,0.6),inset 0 -1px 0 0 rgba(255,255,255,0.35);-khtml-box-shadow:0 2px 0 0 rgba(164,125,40,0.6),inset 0 -1px 0 0 rgba(255,255,255,0.35)}.minimap-placeholder{height:21px}@media (max-width:900px){.minimap .minimap-col{width:33% !important}.minimap .minimap-col-tas{width:100% !important}.minimap .minimap-logo-text{display:none}.minimap .minimap-logo-img{display:block;margin-bottom:10px}.footer .footer-logo{display:none}}@media (max-width:700px){.minimap .minimap-col{width:50% !important}.minimap .minimap-col-tas{width:100% !important}}@media (max-width:450px){.minimap .minimap-col{width:100% !important;line-height:5px;padding:5px 10px}.minimap .minimap-col:first-of-type{padding-top:15px}.minimap .minimap-col-tas{padding:15px 10px}.minimap .minimap-placeholder{display:none}.minimap .minimap-header{font-size:20px}.minimap .minimap-link,.minimap .minimap-all-link{font-size:16px;line-height:normal}.minimap .minimap-item{padding:5px 0}.minimap .minimap-item-all{padding:10px;margin-bottom:20px}.minimap .minimap-item-space{min-height:10px}}.footer-container{background-color:#fff;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0 10px}.footer-container .footer{display:flex;justify-content:space-around;align-items:center;max-width:1072px;padding:20px 10px;width:100%;margin:0 auto;box-sizing:border-box}.footer .footer-logo{flex:0 0 220px;text-align:center}.footer .footer-links{font:400 12px 'Roboto',sans-serif;color:#808080;text-transform:uppercase;line-height:25px;margin:0 30px}.footer .footer-links a{color:#808080}.footer-socials{display:flex;flex:0 0 90px;justify-content:space-around;align-items:center}.footer-socials div{width:30px;height:30px}.footer-socials div+div{margin-left:30px}@media (max-width:1025px){.footer-container .footer{display:block}.footer-container .footer-logo img{max-height:48px}.footer .footer-links{margin:10px 0;text-align:center}}@media (max-width:600px){}.upright-banner{position:absolute;left:1072px;height:100%}.upright-banner .tas-ad{position:sticky;top:150px}.upleft-banner{position:absolute;left:-320px;height:100%;display:none}.upleft-banner .tas-ad{position:sticky;top:150px;overflow:hidden}.bottom-banner{margin-top:30px}.ad-container{border:1px solid #d6d6d6;border-radius:10px;position:relative;overflow:hidden}.ad-container .remove-ads{position:absolute;right:10px;font-size:12px;color:#d6d6d6;bottom:0;background:white;padding:0 3px;border-radius:5px}.ad-container .remove-ads a{color:#808080}.ad-container .ad-title{font:400 italic 12px 'Roboto',sans-serif;color:#101010;text-align:center;padding:10px 0}.ad-vertical{margin:20px 43px}.ad-horizontal{margin:20px auto}.artwork-ad{margin-top:20px}.artwork-ad .tas-ad{margin:0 auto}@media (max-width:769px){.article .ad-container{display:none}}@media (max-width:1072px){.ad-wide{display:none}}@media (max-width:1692px){.upright-banner,.upright-banner-custom,.upleft-banner{display:none !important}}@media (max-width:380px){.artwork-ad{display:none}}.primis-container{margin-top:15px}.written-by-box{display:none}.written-by,.published-by{margin:10px 0;line-height:24px;font:400 16px 'Roboto',sans-serif;text-align:left}.citation{font-size:12px;line-height:16px;margin-top:20px;border:1px solid #0082c9;border-radius:10px;padding:10px}.citation .blue-button{margin-bottom:0}.citation .blue-button:active{background-color:#fff;border:1px solid #0082c9}.citation .blue-button:active a{font:700 16px 'Roboto',sans-serif;color:#0082c9}.poup-window{position:fixed;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;background-color:rgba(91,91,91,0.85);z-index:1000;text-align:center;max-width:100%;overflow:auto;padding:30px;box-sizing:border-box;display:flex}.poup-box{background:#fff;margin:auto;padding:30px 30px 20px 30px;width:auto;border-radius:10px;max-width:600px;position:relative}.poup-box .poup-close{background:url("/images20/icons/icon-modal-close-blk.svg") no-repeat;height:20px;width:20px;border:none;outline:none;cursor:pointer;position:absolute;top:15px;right:15px}.poup-box .poup-title{font:700 20px 'Roboto',sans-serif;color:#0082c9;line-height:30px;margin:20px 30px 10px 30px}.poup-box hr{border:none;height:1px;color:#0082c9;background-color:#0082c9;margin:10px 0}.poup-box .poup-body{margin-top:15px}.poup-box .poup-subheader{font:700 16px 'Roboto',sans-serif;color:#0082c9;text-align:left;margin:10px 0}.poup-box .poup-text{font:400 14px 'Roboto',sans-serif;color:#101010;line-height:20px}.feedback-form{text-align:left}.feedback-form .input-group{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center}.feedback-form hr{color:#e6e6e6;background-color:#e6e6e6}.feedback-form .field-caption{font:700 16px 'Roboto',sans-serif;color:#0082c9}.feedback-form .input-field{width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;margin:10px 0;border:none;border-radius:5px;background-color:#e6e6e6;padding:10px;font:400 15px 'Roboto',sans-serif}.feedback-form .input-group .input-field{margin-left:30px}.feedback-form input[type=submit],.feedback-form input[type=button]{width:100%;border:none;outline:none;border-radius:25px;background-color:#0082c9;color:#fff;font:700 16px 'Roboto',sans-serif;padding:10px 0;cursor:pointer}.poup-window .lightbox{margin:auto;position:relative}.poup-window .lightbox-close{background:url("/images20/icons/icon-modal-close-white.svg") no-repeat;height:25px;width:25px;border:none;outline:none;cursor:pointer;position:absolute;top:-30px;right:-30px}.poup-window .lightbox .image-box{background:#fff;padding:20px;width:auto;border-radius:10px}.poup-window .lightbox .image-box img{max-width:100%}.poup-window .lightbox .image-title{font:400 20px 'Roboto',sans-serif;color:#fff;margin-top:20px}.poup-window .message{font:400 20px 'Roboto',sans-serif;display:none;border-radius:20px;border:5px solid #fff;padding:30px;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%);position:absolute;width:50%;margin:0 auto}.poup-window .result-ok{background:#d4ecda;color:#147C40}.poup-window .result-error{background:#ffbaba;color:#ff0000}.poup-window .message-header{font:700 24px 'Roboto',sans-serif;padding-bottom:15px}.poup-window .result-ok .message-header{color:#00bc46;background:url("/images20/icons/icon-success.svg") no-repeat calc(50% - 70px) 15%;background-size:30px}.poup-window .result-error .message-header{color:#bc0000;background:url("/images20/icons/icon-error.svg") no-repeat calc(50% - 70px) 15%;background-size:30px}.win-width{position:fixed;top:0;right:100px;background:red;color:white;padding:0 10px;font:700 20px 'Roboto',sans-serif;z-index:999999}.influences-header{border-bottom:none}.influences{background-color:#e1f1f9;border:2px solid #0082c9;border-radius:10px;padding:10px}.influences-head{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center;margin-bottom:-33px}.influences-head .influences-on,.influences-head .influenced-by{padding:10px;font:700 16px 'Roboto',sans-serif;color:#fff;text-transform:uppercase;text-align:center;width:100%;cursor:pointer}.influences-head .influences-on{background-color:#34b54a}.influences-head .influenced-by{background-color:#df5d2e}.influences-closed .influences-head .influences-on{border-radius:5px 0 0 5px}.influences-opened .influences-head .influences-on{border-radius:5px 0 0 0}.influences-closed .influences-head .influenced-by{border-radius:0 5px 5px 0}.influences-opened .influences-head .influenced-by{border-radius:0 5px 0 0}.influences-card{width:100%;max-width:105px;position:relative;top:-33px}.influences-card:before{content:"";float:left;padding-top:100%}.influences-card .green{width:50%;height:100%;float:left;background-color:#34b54a}.influences-card .green:before,.influences-card .red:before{content:"";float:left;padding-top:200%}.influences-card .sep{width:10px;height:5px;background-color:#e1f1f9;position:absolute;bottom:0;left:calc(50% - 5px)}.influences-card .red{width:50%;height:100%;float:left;background-color:#df5d2e}.influences-card img{width:calc(100% - 10px);height:auto;position:absolute;top:5px;left:5px;z-index:1}.influences .white-button{margin-top:10px}.influences .white-button div{background:none;padding-right:0}.white-button{text-align:center;border-radius:25px;border:2px solid #0082c9;padding:10px;font:700 16px 'Roboto',sans-serif;color:#0082c9;background:#fff;background-size:7px;cursor:pointer;transition:background 0.3s}.white-button div{display:inline-block}.white-button:hover{background:#dff2fc}.influences-data,.close-influences-button{display:none}.influences-data-holder{display:flex}.influences-data-holder .sep{width:10px}.influences-data .influences-on,.influences-data .influenced-by{width:calc(50% - 5px)}.influences-half{border-radius:0 0 5px 5px;padding:10px}.influences-on .influences-half{border:2px solid #34b54a;background-color:#E7F3E7}.influenced-by .influences-half{border:2px solid #df5d2e;background-color:#FBEFE9}.influences-part-header{font:700 18px 'Roboto',sans-serif;color:#000;padding:10px}.influences-on .influences-part-header{background-color:#b7deb8}.influenced-by .influences-part-header{background-color:#F8CEB4}.influences-part-closed .influences-part-content{display:none}.influences-on .influences-part+.influences-part{border-top:5px solid #e7f3e7}.influenced-by .influences-part+.influences-part{border-top:5px solid #FBEFE9}.influences-part-content li{list-style:none;padding:10px 0}.influences-part-content li a{color:#101010;font:700 16px 'Roboto',sans-serif;transition:color 0.3s;text-decoration:underline}.influences-part-content li a:hover{font:700 16px 'Roboto',sans-serif;color:#0082c9}.influences-part-content li img{margin-right:15px;height:50px;width:50px;min-width:50px;min-height:50px}.influences-part-content .artist-row{width:100%;display:flex;align-items:center}.influences-part-content .artist-name{width:100%}.influences-on .influences-part-content li+li{border-top:1px solid #34b54a}.influenced-by .influences-part-content li+li{border-top:1px solid #df5d2e}@media (max-width:600px){.influences-card{top:0}.influences-card .sep{display:none}.influences-head{margin-bottom:0;align-items:flex-end}.influences-data-holder .sep{display:none}.influences-data .influences-on,.influences-data .influenced-by{width:50%}.influences-part-content li a,.influences-part-content li a:hover{font-size:14px}}@media (max-width:400px){.influences-part-content li a,.influences-part-content li a:hover{font-size:12px}.influences-half{padding:5px}}.resources{border:2px solid #0082c9;border-radius:0 0 10px 10px}.resources-nav{background-color:#0082c9;width:100%;display:flex;font:700 16px 'Roboto',sans-serif;text-align:center;text-transform:uppercase}.resources-nav-element{padding:20px;cursor:pointer;color:#b2d9ee}.resources-nav-element-active{background:url(/images20/icons/icon-arrow-up-light-blue.svg) no-repeat;background-size:20px;background-position:bottom;color:#fff;cursor:default}.resources-header{border-bottom:none}.resources-part-title{display:none;background-color:#0082c9;font:700 16px 'Roboto',sans-serif;color:#fff;padding:10px;text-align:center;cursor:pointer;text-transform:uppercase}.resources-part-title:after{content:"";float:right;transition:transform .25s linear;-webkit-transition:-webkit-transform .25s linear}.resources-part-opened .resources-part-title:after{content:"\2212";-webkit-transform:rotate(180deg);transform:rotate(180deg)}.resources-part-closed .resources-part-title:after{content:"\002b";-webkit-transform:rotate(90deg);transform:rotate(90deg)}.resources-part-subtitle{background-color:#A8C6E8;font:700 16px 'Roboto',sans-serif;padding:10px;text-transform:capitalize;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.resources-part-content{background-color:#E1F1F9;border-radius:0 0 10px 10px;overflow:auto}.resources-part ul{display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;overflow:hidden}.resources-part ul::after{content:" ";display:block;height:0;clear:both}.resources-part-content li{list-style:none;box-sizing:border-box;border-bottom:1px solid #86AFDD}.resources-part-content li a .resource-name{font:700 16px 'Roboto',sans-serif;line-height:20px;margin-bottom:2px;color:#101010;transition:color 0.3s}.resources-part-content li a:hover .resource-name{color:#0082c9}.resources-part-content li a .resource-name span{text-decoration:underline}.resources-part-content li a .resource-name .our-pick{text-decoration:none;text-transform:uppercase;margin-left:5px;background:#F49C2A;color:#fff;padding:2px 5px;border-radius:5px;font-size:15px;position:relative;top:-1px}.resources-part-content li a .resource-desc{font:400 14px 'Roboto',sans-serif;color:#101010;transition:color 0.3s}.resources-part-content li a:hover .resource-desc{color:#0082c9}.resources-part-content li a .resource-views{font:700 12px 'Roboto',sans-serif;color:#101010;transition:color 0.3s;text-align:center}.resources-part-content li a:hover .resource-views{color:#0082c9}.resources-part-content .video-resource-row img{width:120px}.resources-part-content .resource-row{width:100%;display:flex}.resources-part-content .video-resource-row{align-items:center}.resources-part-content .resource-name{width:100%;margin-right:20px}.resource-type-icon{margin-right:15px;height:36px;width:36px;min-width:36px;min-height:36px}.resource-type-feature{background:url("/images20/icons/res-feature.svg") no-repeat}.resource-type-book-bio{background:url("/images20/icons/res-book-bio.svg") no-repeat}.resource-type-book-art{background:url("/images20/icons/res-book-art.svg") no-repeat}.resource-type-book-written-by{background:url("/images20/icons/res-book-written-by.svg") no-repeat}.resource-type-article{background:url("/images20/icons/res-article.svg") no-repeat}.resource-type-website{background:url("/images20/icons/res-website.svg") no-repeat}.resource-type-pop-culture{background:url("/images20/icons/res-pop-culture.svg") no-repeat}.resource-type-interview{background:url("/images20/icons/res-interview.svg") no-repeat}.view-more-resources{margin:10px auto;display:table;padding:10px 40px}.resource-hidden{display:none !important}.video-thumbnail-container{margin-right:15px}.video-thumbnail{position:relative}.video-thumbnail img{margin:0}.resource-type-inline-video{background:url("/images20/icons/res-video-play.svg") no-repeat;position:absolute;top:calc(50% - 18px);left:calc(50% - 18px)}.resource-type-video{background:url("/images20/icons/res-video.svg") no-repeat}.resource-type-audio{background:url("/images20/icons/res-audio.svg") no-repeat}.resource-type-transcript{background:url("/images20/icons/res-article.svg") no-repeat}.resources-part-text{font:400 14px 'Roboto',sans-serif;font-style:italic;padding:10px}.video-li{width:calc(100% - 20px) !important}.video-container{float:none;clear:both;width:100%;position:relative;padding-bottom:56.25%;padding-top:25px;height:0}.video-container iframe{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%}@media (min-width:750px){.resources-part-content li:last-child,.resources-part-content li:nth-last-child(2):nth-child(odd){border-bottom:none}.resources-part-content li{padding:10px 0;margin:0 10px;float:left;width:calc(50% - 20px);display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex}}@media (max-width:750px){.resources{border:none;border-radius:0}.resources-part-content{border-radius:0}.resources-part-content li{padding:10px;width:100%}.resources-part-title{display:block}.resources-part+.resources-part{border-top:1px solid #E1F1F9}.resources-part-content li:last-child{border-bottom:none}.resources-nav{display:none}.resources-part-content .video-resource-row img{width:80px}.video-thumbnail-container{max-width:50%}}.key-artists-header{margin-top:0}.key-artists li{list-style:none;padding:10px 0;border-top:1px solid #cbcbcb;transition:background 0.3s}.key-artists li:first-child{border-top:none}.key-artists li:hover{background:#dff2fc}.key-artists li img{margin-right:15px;height:65px;width:65px}.key-artists .artist-row{width:100%;display:flex;align-items:flex-end;font-size:0}.key-artists .artist-name{font:700 16px 'Roboto',sans-serif;line-height:20px;color:#101010;transition:color 0.3s;text-decoration:underline;margin-bottom:7px}.key-artists li a:hover .artist-name{color:#0082c9}.key-artists .artist-links a{font:400 16px 'Roboto',sans-serif;text-decoration:underline}.key-artists .artist-links a+a{margin-left:10px}.key-artists .artist-links .artist-quick-view{color:#7c7c7c}.key-artists-block .view-more-button{margin:10px 0}.key-artists .key-artist-description{display:none;background-color:#F3F3F3;border-radius:5px;font-size:14px;line-height:20px;padding:10px;opacity:0.9;border-bottom:1px solid #0080c8;margin-top:10px;position:relative}.key-artists .key-artist-description .hide-key-artist-description{width:10px;height:10px;position:absolute;bottom:5px;right:5px;background:url("/images20/icons/icon-modal-close-blue.svg") no-repeat;cursor:pointer}.related-artists-block{border-radius:0 0 10px 10px;background:#f2f2f2}.related-artists-block ul{display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;overflow:hidden}.related-artists-block ul::after{content:" ";display:block;height:0;clear:both}.related-artists-block li{list-style:none;box-sizing:border-box;border-bottom:1px solid #cbcbcb;transition:color 0.3s}.related-artists-block li:hover{background:#dff2fc}.related-artists-block li a .artist-name{font:700 16px 'Roboto',sans-serif;line-height:20px;margin-bottom:2px;color:#101010;transition:color 0.3s}.related-artists-block li a:hover .artist-name{color:#0082c9}.related-artists-block li:last-child{border-bottom:none}.related-artists-block .artist-row{display:flex;width:100%;align-items:center}.related-artists-block .artist-row img{margin-right:15px;height:65px;width:65px}.related-artists-block .artist-row .artist-links{margin-top:10px;font:400 16px 'Roboto',sans-serif}.related-artists-block .artist-row .artist-links a{color:#5b5b5b;transition:color 0.3s;font-size:14px}.related-artists-block .artist-row .artist-links a:hover{color:#0082c9}.related-artists-block .artist-row .artist-links a+a{margin-left:10px}@media (min-width:750px){.related-artists-block li{padding:10px;float:left;width:calc(50% - 5px);display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex}.related-artists-block li:nth-child(even){margin-left:10px}.related-artists-block li:nth-last-child(2):nth-child(odd){border-bottom:none}}@media (max-width:750px){.related-artists-block li{padding:10px;width:100%}}#related-artists .related-artists-block{position:relative}#related-artists .show-all-key-artists{position:absolute;top:calc(50% - 15px);right:30px;width:30px;height:30px;background-size:cover;cursor:pointer;background-image:url(/images20/icons/icon-bullet-circle.svg);z-index:10}#related-artists .related-artists li.hidden{display:none !important}#related-artists .related-artists-block li{border-bottom:none;position:relative}#related-artists .related-artists-block li:after{content:"";position:absolute;left:25%;bottom:0;width:50%;height:1px;background-color:#cbcbcb}#related-artists .related-artists-block:after{content:"";position:absolute;bottom:0;left:5%;width:90%;height:1px;background-color:#f2f2f2;z-index:100}.loading{background-color:rgba(91,91,91,0.85);position:fixed;top:0;left:0;z-index:999999;width:100%;height:100%}.roller{display:inline-block;width:80px;height:80px;position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;margin-left:-40px;margin-top:-40px}.roller div{animation:roller 1.2s cubic-bezier(0.5,0,0.5,1) infinite;transform-origin:40px 40px}.roller div:after{content:" ";display:block;position:absolute;width:7px;height:7px;border-radius:50%;background:#fff;margin:-4px 0 0 -4px}.roller div:nth-child(1){animation-delay:-0.036s}.roller div:nth-child(1):after{top:63px;left:63px}.roller div:nth-child(2){animation-delay:-0.072s}.roller div:nth-child(2):after{top:68px;left:56px}.roller div:nth-child(3){animation-delay:-0.108s}.roller div:nth-child(3):after{top:71px;left:48px}.roller div:nth-child(4){animation-delay:-0.144s}.roller div:nth-child(4):after{top:72px;left:40px}.roller div:nth-child(5){animation-delay:-0.18s}.roller div:nth-child(5):after{top:71px;left:32px}.roller div:nth-child(6){animation-delay:-0.216s}.roller div:nth-child(6):after{top:68px;left:24px}.roller div:nth-child(7){animation-delay:-0.252s}.roller div:nth-child(7):after{top:63px;left:17px}.roller div:nth-child(8){animation-delay:-0.288s}.roller div:nth-child(8):after{top:56px;left:12px}@keyframes roller{0{transform:rotate(0deg)}100%{transform:rotate(360deg)}}.back-to-top{display:none;width:40px;height:40px;background:url("/images20/icons/btn-top.svg") no-repeat;position:fixed;right:15px;bottom:15px;cursor:pointer;opacity:0.5;z-index:99999}.back-to-top:hover{opacity:1}.right-col-widget{width:100%;border:2px solid #0082c9;background-color:#DBECF5;padding:10px;box-sizing:border-box;border-radius:0 10px 10px 10px}.right-col-widget-title{font:700 18px 'Roboto',sans-serif;color:#0082c9;display:flex;align-items:center}.right-col-widget-title span{font-size:50px;line-height:30px;color:#898989;margin-right:5px}.right-col-widget-title img{width:30px;height:30px;margin-right:10px}.right-col-widget-content{margin-top:15px;padding:10px;box-sizing:border-box;background-color:#fff;color:#101010;border-radius:5px;font:400 16px 'Roboto',sans-serif;line-height:22px}.lazy-box{max-width:100%;overflow:hidden;box-sizing:border-box}.status-bar{position:fixed;top:0;z-index:99999999999;background-color:#0082c9;width:100%;padding:0 30px;opacity:0.95;color:white;box-sizing:border-box;display:flex;align-items:center;width:100%}.status-bar-text{margin:25px 15px;font:300 18px 'Roboto',sans-serif;width:100%}.status-bar-close{cursor:pointer}.status-bar-close img{width:20px;height:20px}.content .single-page-content .two-column-content{display:flex}.single-page-content .two-column-content .nav-column{flex:0 0 200px}.single-page-content .two-column-content .nav-column .nav-column-inner{position:sticky;top:80px;width:100%}.single-page-content .two-column-content .sep-column{flex:0 0 40px}.single-page-content .two-column-content .content-column{flex:1}.artist-nav-header{padding:15px;background-color:#f2f2f2;text-align:center;cursor:pointer}.artist-nav-ttip{font-size:0}.artist-nav-ttip img{height:95px;width:95px}.artist-nav-name{margin-top:10px;font:700 20px 'Roboto',sans-serif;color:#0082c9}.artist-nav-item{border-bottom:1px solid #cbcbcb;padding:5px 10px;font:400 16px 'Roboto',sans-serif}.artist-nav-item a{color:#000}.artist-nav-item-active{background-color:#0082c9}.artist-nav-item-active a{color:#fff}.artist-nav-item-external:after{content:'\0276F';float:right;padding:5px 10px;margin:-5px -10px -5px 0;color:#0082c9;font-size:18px;line-height:18px;font-weight:600}.artist-nav-group{border-bottom:1px solid #cbcbcb;font:400 16px 'Roboto',sans-serif}.artist-nav-group-title{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;padding:5px 10px;cursor:pointer}.artist-nav-item-active.artist-nav-group-title,.artist-nav-item-active.artist-nav-group-title:after{color:#fff !important}.artist-nav-group-closed .artist-nav-group-title:after{content:'+';float:right;padding:5px 10px;margin:-5px -10px -5px 0;color:#0082c9;font-size:22px;line-height:22px;font-weight:600}.artist-nav-group-opened .artist-nav-group-title:after{content:'-';float:right;padding:5px 10px;margin:-5px -10px -5px 0;color:#0082c9;font-size:22px;line-height:22px;font-weight:600}.artist-nav-group-closed .artist-nav-group-content{display:none}.artist-nav-group-content .artist-nav-item{font-size:14px;font-style:italic;border-bottom:none;padding-left:20px}.anchor-link{cursor:pointer}.artist-nav-item-active .anchor-link{color:#fff}.artist-nav-section .artist-nav-section-label{border-bottom:1px solid #cbcbcb;font:400 16px 'Roboto',sans-serif;padding:5px 10px;cursor:pointer}.artist-nav-section-content{padding-left:15px}@media (max-width:980px){.single-page-content .two-column-content .nav-column,.single-page-content .two-column-content .sep-column{display:none}}</style><script id="pageVariables"> var artist_id = "de_maria_walter"; var artist_name = "Walter De Maria"; var no_artworks_page = true; var timelineData = { show: true, colorScheme: "light", spans: [ { "name": "life", "start": "1935-10-01", "end": "2013-07-25" }, { "name": "work", "start": "1961", "end": "2013-07-25" } ] }; var timelineArtworks = [ { "order": "0", "title": "Mile Long Drawing", "date": "1968" }, { "order": "1", "title": "Triangle, Circle, Square", "date": "1972" }, { "order": "2", "title": "The Lightning Field", "date": "1977" }, { "order": "3", "title": "The New York Earth Room", "date": "1977" }, { "order": "4", "title": "Vertical Earth Kilometer", "date": "1977" }, { "order": "5", "title": "The Broken Kilometer", "date": "1979" }, ]; </script><script defer src="/js/jquery.js"></script><script> window.onerror = function(message, url, line, col) { if (url.indexOf("/common-min.js") !== -1) { var mainJs = document.getElementById("mainJs"); document.head.removeChild(mainJs); var babelScriptPath = "/js/desktop/common-babel-min.js" + url.substr(url.lastIndexOf('?')); var babelScript = document.createElement("script"); babelScript.setAttribute("src", babelScriptPath); document.head.appendChild(babelScript); } if (url.indexOf(".pub.network/") !== -1 && typeof hideAds != "undefined") { hideAds(); } }; </script><script src="/js/desktop/common-min.js?447cf7771f97f665c677f5fd1b17ef72" id="mainJs"></script><script data-cfasync="false" type="text/javascript">/*<![CDATA[*/var freestar=freestar||{};freestar.hitTime=Date.now();freestar.queue=freestar.queue||[];freestar.config=freestar.config||{};freestar.debug=window.location.search.indexOf('fsdebug')===-1?false:true;freestar.config.enabled_slots=[];freestar.queue.push(function(){googletag.pubads().addEventListener('slotRenderEnded',function(a){var b=a.slot.getSlotElementId();if(a.isEmpty){let bannerContainer=document.querySelector("#"+b).closest(".ad-container");if(bannerContainer){bannerContainer.style.display='none'}}})});/*]]>*/</script><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/apple-touch-icon.png"><link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="/favicon-32x32.png"><link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="/favicon-16x16.png"><link rel="manifest" href="/site.webmanifest"><link rel="mask-icon" href="/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#5bbad5"><meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-title" content="The Art Story"><meta name="application-name" content="The Art Story"><meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#da532c"><meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"></head><body><div class="header sticky-header header-full"><div class="header-container"><div class="logo-container"> <a class="logo" href="/">The Art Story</a> </div><div class="search-container"><form action="/search-results.htm" id="cse-search-box"><div class="search-input-holder"> <input type="hidden" name="cx" value="011726106571383295395:sijawrmm1zc"> <input type="hidden" name="cof" value="FORID:10"> <input type="hidden" name="ie" value="UTF-8"> <input type="text" name="q" class="menu-search-input" value="" placeholder="Search The Art Story" autocomplete="off"> </div><div class="menu-search-close"></div> <input type="submit" name="sa" value="" class="menu-search-btn"> </form></div><div class="menu-container"><div class="meni-item"> <a href="/movements/">Movements</a> </div><div class="meni-item meni-item-selected"> <a href="/artists/">Artists</a> </div><div class="meni-item"> <a href="/section-timelines.htm">Timelines</a> </div><div class="meni-item"> <a href="/ideas/">Ideas</a> </div></div></div></div><div class="header sticky-header header-short"><div class="flex-header"><div class="btn menu-btn"></div><div class="logo-container"> <a class="logo" href="/">The Art Story</a> </div><div class="btn search-btn"></div><div class="search-container"><form action="/search-results.htm" id="cse-search-box"><div class="search-input-holder"> <input type="hidden" name="cx" value="011726106571383295395:sijawrmm1zc"> <input type="hidden" name="cof" value="FORID:10"> <input type="hidden" name="ie" value="UTF-8"> <input type="text" name="q" class="menu-search-input" value="" placeholder="Search The Art Story" autocomplete="off"> </div><div class="menu-search-close"></div> <input type="submit" name="sa" value="" class="menu-search-btn"> </form></div></div></div> <div class="menu"><div class="buttons-container"><div class="btn menu-close-btn"></div><div class="placeholder"></div><div class="btn menu-search-btn"></div></div><ul><li><a href="/artists/"> <div>Artists</div> </a></li><li><a href="/movements/"> <div>Movements</div> </a></li><li><a href="/ideas/"> <div>Ideas</div> </a></li><li><a href="/blog/"> <div>Blog</div> </a></li><li><a href="/about-us.htm"> <div>About us</div> </a></li><li><a href="/donate.htm"> <div>Donate</div> </a></li><li><a href="/contact-us.htm"> <div>Contact Us</div> </a></li></ul><div class="socials"><span><a href="https://www.facebook.com/TheArtStory" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="lazyload" data-src="/images20/icons/icon-menu-social-fb.svg" alt="TheArtStory Facebook Group"></a></span><span><a href="https://twitter.com/TheArtStory" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="lazyload" data-src="/images20/icons/icon-menu-social-tw.svg" alt="TheArtStory Twitter Page"></a></span><span><a href="https://www.instagram.com/theartstory_org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="lazyload" data-src="/images20/icons/icon-menu-social-ig.svg" alt="TheArtStory Instagram Page"></a></span><span><a href="https://www.pinterest.com/TheArtStory_org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="lazyload" data-src="/images20/icons/icon-menu-social-pin.svg" alt="TheArtStory Pinterest Page"></a></span></div></div> <div class="search-results"><div class="search-results-suggestions"><div class="suggestion-block" id="suggestion_artist"></div><div class="suggestion-block" id="suggestion_movement"></div><div class="suggestion-block" id="suggestion_critic"></div><div class="suggestion-block" id="suggestion_influencer"></div><div class="suggestion-block" id="suggestion_definition"></div><div class="suggestion-block" id="suggestion_venue"></div><div class="suggestion-block" id="suggestion_artwork"></div></div></div> <div class="page-wrapper"><div class="grey-header-container"><div class="grey-header"> <a href="/help-us.htm"><div class="bage support-us-bage"><span>Ways to support us</span></div></a> <a href="/about-us.htm"><div class="bage about-us-bage"><span>About The Art Story</span> a 501(c)3 Non-Profit Org</div></a> <div class="breadcrumbs"> <a href="/"> <div class="breadcrumb-home"></div> </a> <ol itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/BreadcrumbList"><li itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem"> <a itemprop="item" href="https://www.theartstory.org/artists/"> <span itemprop="name">Artists</span> </a> <meta itemprop="position" content="1"/></li><li itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem"><span itemprop="name">Walter De Maria</span><meta itemprop="position" content="2"/></li></ol></div><div class="artist-card"><div class="bio-img-container"><div class="img-btn-holder"><img src="/images20/new_design/bio/bio_de_maria_walter.jpg" alt="Walter De Maria Photo" width="171" height="263"><div class="btn c-info-button"></div></div></div><div class="artist-info-timeline-container"><div class="artist-info"><h1 class="title">Walter De Maria</h1><p class="description">American Sculptor and Conceptual Artist</p><div class="start-end-container"><div class="start-end"><span class="bold">Born:</span> October 1, 1935 - Albany, CA </div><div class="sep"></div><div class="start-end"><span class="bold">Died:</span> July 25, 2013 - Los Angeles, CA </div></div><div class="movements"><span class="bold">Movements and Styles:</span> <a href="/movement/earth-art/"><div class="include">Earth Art</div></a><span>, </span><a href="/movement/post-minimalism/"><div class="include">Post-Minimalism</div></a><span>, </span><a href="/movement/conceptual-art/"><div class="include">Conceptual Art</div></a> </div></div><div class="timeline"><div class="svg-timeline-inner"></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="content-container"><div class="content"><div class="upright-banner"><div class="tas-ad ad-160x600"><div align="center" id="theartstory_sticky_right"><script data-cfasync="false" type="text/javascript">/*<![CDATA[*/freestar.config.enabled_slots.push({placementName:"theartstory_sticky_right",slotId:"theartstory_sticky_right"});/*]]>*/</script></div></div></div><div class="upleft-banner"><div class="tas-ad ad-160x600"><div align="center" data-freestar-ad="__300x600" id="theartstory_left2"><script data-cfasync="false" type="text/javascript">/*<![CDATA[*/freestar.config.enabled_slots.push({placementName:"theartstory_left2",slotId:"theartstory_left2"});/*]]>*/</script></div></div></div><div class="single-page-content"><div class="two-column-content"><div class="nav-column"><div class="nav-column-inner"><div class="artist-nav"><div class="artist-nav-header"><div class="artist-nav-ttip"><img class="lazyload" data-src="/images20/ttip/de_maria_walter.jpg" alt="Walter De Maria"></div><div class="artist-nav-name"> Walter De Maria </div></div><div class="artist-nav-content"><div class="artist-nav-item artist-nav-item-active" data-anchor="summary"><div class="anchor-link" onclick="return scrollToAnchor('summary')">Summary</div></div><div class="artist-nav-item" data-anchor="ideas"><div class="anchor-link" onclick="return scrollToAnchor('ideas')">Accomplishments</div></div><div class="artist-nav-group artist-nav-group-closed"><div class="artist-nav-group-title" data-anchor="artworks"> Important Art </div><div class="artist-nav-group-content"><div class="artist-nav-item" data-anchor="pnt_1"><div class="anchor-link" onclick="return scrollToAnchor('pnt_1')">Mile Long Drawing (1968)</div></div><div class="artist-nav-item" data-anchor="pnt_2"><div class="anchor-link" onclick="return scrollToAnchor('pnt_2')">Triangle, Circle, Square (1972)</div></div><div class="artist-nav-item" data-anchor="pnt_3"><div class="anchor-link" onclick="return scrollToAnchor('pnt_3')">The Lightning Field (1977)</div></div><div class="artist-nav-item" data-anchor="pnt_4"><div class="anchor-link" onclick="return scrollToAnchor('pnt_4')">The New York Earth Room (1977)</div></div><div class="artist-nav-item" data-anchor="pnt_5"><div class="anchor-link" onclick="return scrollToAnchor('pnt_5')">Vertical Earth Kilometer (1977)</div></div><div class="artist-nav-item" data-anchor="pnt_6"><div class="anchor-link" onclick="return scrollToAnchor('pnt_6')">The Broken Kilometer (1979)</div></div></div></div><div class="artist-nav-group artist-nav-group-closed"><div class="artist-nav-group-title" data-anchor="biography"> Biography </div><div class="artist-nav-group-content"><div class="artist-nav-item" data-anchor="childhood_and_education"><div class="anchor-link" onclick="return scrollToAnchor('childhood_and_education')"> Childhood and Education </div></div><div class="artist-nav-item" data-anchor="early_period"><div class="anchor-link" onclick="return scrollToAnchor('early_period')"> Early Period </div></div><div class="artist-nav-item" data-anchor="mature_period"><div class="anchor-link" onclick="return scrollToAnchor('mature_period')"> Mature Period </div></div><div class="artist-nav-item" data-anchor="legacy"><div class="anchor-link" onclick="return scrollToAnchor('legacy')"> Legacy </div></div></div></div><div class="artist-nav-item" data-anchor="influences"><div class="anchor-link" onclick="return scrollToAnchor('influences')">Influences and Connections</div></div><div class="artist-nav-item" data-anchor="resources"><div class="anchor-link" onclick="return scrollToAnchor('resources')">Useful Resources</div></div><div class="artist-nav-item" data-anchor="similar"><div class="anchor-link" onclick="return scrollToAnchor('similar')">Similar Art and Related Pages</div></div></div></div></div> </div><div class="sep-column"></div><div class="content-column"><div class="article-anchor" id="quotes" style="top: -118px;"></div><div class="quotes"><div class="quote-prev"></div> <div class="quotes-box noselect"><div class="quote" id="q1"><div class="q-text">"I think to be a true minimalist you should almost nearly be invisible yourself."</div><div class="q-info"><div class="q-inline-counter"> 1 of 5 </div><div class="q-author"><img width="142" height="44" src="/images20/chart/signature_de_maria_walter.png" alt="Walter De Maria Signature"></div></div></div><div class="quote" id="q2"><div class="q-text">"I like natural disasters and I think that they may be the highest form of art possible to experience."</div><div class="q-info"><div class="q-inline-counter"> 2 of 5 </div><div class="q-author"><img width="142" height="44" src="/images20/chart/signature_de_maria_walter.png" alt="Walter De Maria Signature"></div></div></div><div class="quote" id="q3"><div class="q-text">"Every good work should have at least ten meanings."</div><div class="q-info"><div class="q-inline-counter"> 3 of 5 </div><div class="q-author"><img width="142" height="44" src="/images20/chart/signature_de_maria_walter.png" alt="Walter De Maria Signature"></div></div></div><div class="quote" id="q4"><div class="q-text">"So the thing is that I think the geography's the most important thing."</div><div class="q-info"><div class="q-inline-counter"> 4 of 5 </div><div class="q-author"><img width="142" height="44" src="/images20/chart/signature_de_maria_walter.png" alt="Walter De Maria Signature"></div></div></div><div class="quote" id="q5"><div class="q-text">"I think had I been brought up a second generation Italian American in New York City or in Philadelphia or Boston or an eastern city, I probably would not have been an artist, I probably would not have had the range of experience that I have had living in California because of the great openness of California."</div><div class="q-info"><div class="q-inline-counter"> 5 of 5 </div><div class="q-author"><img width="142" height="44" src="/images20/chart/signature_de_maria_walter.png" alt="Walter De Maria Signature"></div></div></div></div><div class="quote-next"></div> </div><div class="article"><div class="article-anchor" id="summary"></div><h2 class="article-header summary-header">Summary of Walter De Maria</h2><p class="article-text summary-text">Walter De Maria bridged multiple movements of artistic practice that blossomed in the 1960s creating interactive sculptural installations and providing conceptual underpinnings to larger-scale sculptural work. In later projects he also connected viewers to nature by either embedding visual elements in nature itself, or by bringing components of nature inside gallery spaces. His most ambitious works were not only physically large-scale but also extreme in terms of exhibition duration - some lasting decades, whether indoors or out, conversely some were exceptionally ephemeral because they were exposed to the elements. His active participation in non-visual musical performances were similarly minimalist and large-scale and helped lay the foundations for later generations of musical performers using those characteristics.</p><div class="ad-container"><div class="tas-ad ad-horizontal ad-728x90"><div align="center" id="theartstory_leaderboard_atf"><script data-cfasync="false" type="text/javascript">/*<![CDATA[*/freestar.config.enabled_slots.push({placementName:"theartstory_leaderboard_atf",slotId:"theartstory_leaderboard_atf"});/*]]>*/</script></div></div><div class="remove-ads"><a href="/donate.htm?from=remove-ads">Remove Ads</a></div></div><div class="article-anchor" id="ideas"></div><h2 class="article-header key-ideas-header"> Accomplishments </h2><ul class="key-ideas"><li>As an early proponent of <a href="/movement/minimalism/">Minimalism</a>, De Maria invested heavily in unusually stripped down, fundamental visual forms including everything from simple, yet bold lines to other abstract geometric shapes - channeling his study of the Eastern philosophical emphasis on simplicity.</li><li>Perhaps most significantly, he developed a conceptual approach to earth-based works that both used the landscape as immersive "canvas" in what were exceptionally large-scale projects for his time, and also brought aspects of nature inside to force attention on the viewers' relationship to it in insistent ways that transcended previous representations by other artists.</li><li>He was also influential on generations of the musical avant-garde, drawing on his studies in jazz and leanings toward a stripped down aesthetic to perform and develop intensely minimalist and conceptualist approaches to making sound which influenced composers and performers from La Monte Young to Sonic Youth.</li></ul><div class="ad-container noprimis-ad"><div class="tas-ad ad-horizontal ad-728x90"><div align="center" id="theartstory_incontent_1"><script data-cfasync="false" type="text/javascript">/*<![CDATA[*/freestar.config.enabled_slots.push({placementName:"theartstory_incontent_1",slotId:"theartstory_incontent_1"});/*]]>*/</script></div></div><div class="remove-ads"><a href="/donate.htm?from=remove-ads">Remove Ads</a></div></div><div class="article-anchor" id="artworks"></div><h2 class="article-header artworks-header"> Important Art by Walter De Maria </h2><div class="progression-art">Progression of Art</div><div class="artworks-box progression-artworks-box pnt-only-artworks-box"><div class="article-anchor" id="pnt_1"></div><div class="important-art-element important-art-element-pnt important-art-element-first"><div class="arwrork-img-container"><div class="arwrork-pnt-container"><div class="artwork-img lazy-box"><div class="img-btn-holder"><img class="lazyload" data-src="/images20/pnt/pnt_de_maria_walter_1.jpg" alt="Mile Long Drawing (1968)" width="95" height="95"></div></div><div class="google-images"> <a href="#" onclick="return openGoogleImage('Walter De Maria Mile Long Drawing (1968)')"> <span>Artwork Images</span> </a> </div></div></div><div class="artwork-data-container"><div class="year-line"></div><div class="artwork-year">1968</div><h3 class="artwork-title">Mile Long Drawing</h3><p class="artwork-description">This work consisted of two parallel lines drawn with chalk twelve feet apart, extending for one mile in the Mojave Desert in California. It was a simple and temporary piece, and one of the first of De Maria's works associated with the <a href="/movement/earth-art/">Land art</a> movement, moving beyond the boundaries of gallery-based art as he brought a minimalist ideology outdoors into the landscape. The two dramatic lines focus attention on the characteristics of order, space, time, and measurement, and through this, De Maria began to explore some of the ways that people categorize nature along with the human impulse to make marks in the external world, possibly pointing to the ancient Inca Nazca Lines. <br/><br/> The work also calls attention to the ephemerality of time, as its marks faded with the effects of the natural world. This ephemerality asks viewers to meditate on the reality of their lives as well, where change is constant and nothing remains intact forever. As the <i>Mile Long Drawing</i> disappears into its desert landscape it reflects upon time and memory. It becomes a living artwork revealing multiple meanings as its visual aspects change.</p><p class="artwork-materilas-location"></p></div></div><div class="article-anchor" id="pnt_2"></div><div class="important-art-element important-art-element-even important-art-element-pnt"><div class="arwrork-img-container"><div class="arwrork-pnt-container"><div class="artwork-img lazy-box"><div class="img-btn-holder"><img class="lazyload" data-src="/images20/pnt/pnt_de_maria_walter_2.jpg" alt="Triangle, Circle, Square (1972)" width="95" height="95"></div></div><div class="google-images"> <a href="#" onclick="return openGoogleImage('Walter De Maria Triangle, Circle, Square (1972)')"> <span>Artwork Images</span> </a> </div></div></div><div class="artwork-data-container"><div class="year-line"></div><div class="artwork-year">1972</div><h3 class="artwork-title">Triangle, Circle, Square</h3><p class="artwork-description">This work consists of three brushed stainless steel sculptures, each approximately 3 feet (1 meter) inwidth and length. The simple geometric forms demonstrate De Maria's earlier interests in minimalist sculptures, and his more conceptually-oriented inspiration fromZen Buddhist thinking. Asian influence was large during the 1960's in American art, as artists sought to transform human consciousness through a religious-like contemplation present in Asian philosophies. The Zen influence permeated the arts scene in many ways with notions of simplicity, sensitivity to nature, and a leaning towards intuition over rationalist knowledge. This particular piece was inspired by the work of a Japanese Zen monk named Sengai Gibon (1750-1837) and his painting <i>Circle, Triangle, and Square</i> in which he attempted to decidedly embody the universe. These three forms have been interpreted as geometries that represent infinity. They are interactive works and are a part of a game experience. They have hollow interiors with metal spheres within and come with instructions that the pieces are, "to disturb the purity of the symbol." This work also represents his involvement in the participatory "happenings" of the 1950's and his interest in task-like projects that were audience-interactive and game-like, proposing an approach to art-viewing that shifted from passive viewer experiences to more socially engaged encounters.</p><p class="artwork-materilas-location"></p></div></div><div class="article-anchor" id="pnt_3"></div><div class="important-art-element important-art-element-pnt"><div class="arwrork-img-container"><div class="arwrork-pnt-container"><div class="artwork-img lazy-box"><div class="img-btn-holder"><img class="lazyload" data-src="/images20/pnt/pnt_de_maria_walter_3.jpg" alt="The Lightning Field (1977)" width="95" height="95"></div></div><div class="google-images"> <a href="#" onclick="return openGoogleImage('Walter De Maria The Lightning Field (1977)')"> <span>Artwork Images</span> </a> </div></div></div><div class="artwork-data-container"><div class="year-line"></div><div class="artwork-year">1977</div><h3 class="artwork-title">The Lightning Field</h3><p class="artwork-description">This may be De Maria's most famous work. It is an expansive installation of 400 stainless steel poles placed in a one-mile by one-kilometer grid. The rods are each two inches in diameter but extend upwards at varying heights ranging from 15 feet to 26 feet nine inches, in order to create a perfectly horizontal plane where their pointed tips stop. <br/><br/> This work is a significant piece of the <a href="/movement/earth-art/">Land art</a> movement of the late 1960's, which began in the Southwestern United States. This piece lives in an obscure desert plain near Quemado, New Mexico, specially selected for its frequent lightning storms and isolation. The work incorporates the natural environment into art in a meaningful way, seeing the land as a critical aspect of the work, not merely a site for it. The locale was scouted precisely for its distance from other signs of human development and its ability to reflect the enormity of the landscape. The work communicates a variety of experiences of being in the landscape, and simultaneously asks individual visitors to meditate on the moment, while contemplating shifts in light and perceptions of time and space in their changing vastness. <br/><br/> The poles were placed outside, rather than in a museum or gallery so the work reveals the significance of the setting, beyond the built, sculptural aspect. The title calls attention to the tantalizing possibility of highly ephemeral illumination from irregularly occurring natural lighting strikes, potentially drawn down from the sky into the field by the rods. It also calls for awareness of the surrounding landscape, and the relationship between art and nature. The earth is an integral part of the artwork and acts as a canvas while also drawing attention to the sky as part of the larger environment, and our relationship to it. Visitors must travel to this remote location in order to view the work, therefore incorporating the journey away from the everyday as part of the experience of the piece, which initiates a total immersion of the senses while creating an unusual degree of intimate encounter with a liberating spirit.</p><p class="artwork-materilas-location"></p></div></div><div class="article-anchor" id="pnt_4"></div><div class="important-art-element important-art-element-even important-art-element-pnt"><div class="arwrork-img-container"><div class="arwrork-pnt-container"><div class="artwork-img lazy-box"><div class="img-btn-holder"><img class="lazyload" data-src="/images20/pnt/pnt_de_maria_walter_4.jpg" alt="The New York Earth Room (1977)" width="95" height="95"></div></div><div class="google-images"> <a href="#" onclick="return openGoogleImage('Walter De Maria The New York Earth Room (1977)')"> <span>Artwork Images</span> </a> </div></div></div><div class="artwork-data-container"><div class="year-line"></div><div class="artwork-year">1977</div><h3 class="artwork-title">The New York Earth Room</h3><p class="artwork-description">The New York Earth Room is both an art installation and an earth sculpture re-located in an interior setting. It consists of three connected gallery rooms in a loft at 141 Wooster St. in New York City, which are filled with 250 cubic yards of soil. This work is one example of De Maria's approach to <a href="/movement/earth-art/">Land art</a>, while also demonstrating his investment in minimalistic and conceptual art practices. The dirt covers 3,600 square feet of floor space, with a depth of 22 inches, and a weight of 280,000 pounds. Upon entering the gallery one can smell the musty earth, and sense the warm humidity of the air. By placing something so simple and commonplace into a gallery setting, De Maria pushed the boundaries of what art can consist of. He highlighted the natural world while implying a critique of the usual material practices and values of the art world. This work, associated with the <a href="/movement/earth-art/">Land art</a> movement, was rare in bringing parts of the natural environment into the art world instead of putting art into the environment. Through the familiar gallery lens, visitors are invited to reconsider their associations with the Earth. The space becomes a frame that prompts introspection regarding one's relationship to nature. This concept works especially well in in the very urban setting of New York City, proposing dirt as more valuable than it is often seen as or understood to be. It also challenges the typical experience of interacting with earth and soil, repurposing meanings of what both art and what nature might be. The dark brown soil remains watered by longtime caretaker Bill Dilworth, whose attention has allowed for the experience to continue for over thirty years from its inception.</p><p class="artwork-materilas-location"></p></div></div><div class="article-anchor" id="pnt_5"></div><div class="important-art-element important-art-element-pnt"><div class="arwrork-img-container"><div class="arwrork-pnt-container"><div class="artwork-img lazy-box"><div class="img-btn-holder"><img class="lazyload" data-src="/images20/pnt/pnt_de_maria_walter_5.jpg" alt="Vertical Earth Kilometer (1977)" width="95" height="95"></div></div><div class="google-images"> <a href="#" onclick="return openGoogleImage('Walter De Maria Vertical Earth Kilometer (1977)')"> <span>Artwork Images</span> </a> </div></div></div><div class="artwork-data-container"><div class="year-line"></div><div class="artwork-year">1977</div><h3 class="artwork-title">Vertical Earth Kilometer</h3><p class="artwork-description">This work is a one kilometer long solid brass rod that is five centimeters in diameter. The rod has been inserted completely into the ground in a city park in Kassel, Germany, so that the top of the rod is flush with the surface of the earth. Thus the piece primarily exists beneath the surface of the earth, and viewers can only see the very top of the work. The top is flat and circular and is surrounded by a red sandstone plate that is two meters square. One must search for the piece since it is in an unassuming location and position in the landscape, therefore emphasizing the importance of the search and the journey itself. This seeking out is a significant part of experiencing the artwork. Viewers are left to imagine the associated space and distance. The long rod extends through six geological layers in one continuous kilometer. The abstraction of these concepts becomes its own focus. The physical measurement is hidden and so viewers' notion of the idea of measurement comes into play. The piece was controversial, as it was a costly and laborious installation, where in the end almost nothing remained to show for it in the visible realm, requiring viewers to solely conceptualize.</p><p class="artwork-materilas-location"></p></div></div><div class="article-anchor" id="pnt_6"></div><div class="important-art-element important-art-element-even important-art-element-last important-art-element-pnt"><div class="arwrork-img-container"><div class="arwrork-pnt-container"><div class="artwork-img lazy-box"><div class="img-btn-holder"><img class="lazyload" data-src="/images20/pnt/pnt_de_maria_walter_6.jpg" alt="The Broken Kilometer (1979)" width="95" height="95"></div></div><div class="google-images"> <a href="#" onclick="return openGoogleImage('Walter De Maria The Broken Kilometer (1979)')"> <span>Artwork Images</span> </a> </div></div></div><div class="artwork-data-container"><div class="year-line"></div><div class="artwork-year">1979</div><h3 class="artwork-title">The Broken Kilometer</h3><p class="artwork-description">The Broken Kilometer is a work composed of 500 solid brass rods that collectively weigh nearly nineteen tons. It continues as another of De Maria's permanent installations in a New York City gallery space. This particular work lives at 393 West Broadway. This piece is a quintessential example of De Maria's modernist paradigm of display and perception. The rods have been meticulously installed in a large open room with Corinthian columns. They fill the length of the space, lined up perfectly in five rows. This piece explores issues related to landscape in a more oblique and measured way than most works by artists associated with Land Art. The importance of site in traditional Land Art is turned on its head here. Instead, De Maria offers the idea of a sort of "non-site," where the conceptual idea supersedes anything else. <br/><br/> One trajectory of the work is to suggest meditation on the very idea of units of measure. Each rod is two meters long, two inches in diameter and spaced apart by 5mm. If placed end to end, the rods would extend to one kilometer, but in the mode in which they are displayed, they form an array measuring 45 foot wide by 125 feet deep. The piece proposes that, with a shift in layout and perception, what seems simple might actually be more complex. This is a very representative aspect of De Maria's aesthetic, where working with exceptionally simple elements and themes, he creates a greater depth of perceptual understanding. Following the precepts of minimalism, the work's composition establishes a high degree of order, as the rods are meticulously organized in symmetrical form. He addresses the idea of an unseen or abstracted distance, where the gallery itself encompasses the unit of measurement, the kilometer, as it is broken down to allow for contemplation. In this act De Maria reveals the arbitrary nature of distance, but also heightens the viewer's ability to conceptualize it.</p><p class="artwork-materilas-location"></p></div></div></div><br><div class="ad-container"><div class="tas-ad ad-horizontal ad-728x90"><div align="center" id="theartstory_incontent_2"><script data-cfasync="false" type="text/javascript">/*<![CDATA[*/freestar.config.enabled_slots.push({placementName:"theartstory_incontent_2",slotId:"theartstory_incontent_2"});/*]]>*/</script></div></div><div class="remove-ads"><a href="/donate.htm?from=remove-ads">Remove Ads</a></div></div><div class="article-anchor" id="article"></div><div class="article-anchor" id="biography"></div><div class="article-img-new-line"></div><h2 class="article-header biography-header">Biography of Walter De Maria</h2><div class="article-anchor" id="childhood_and_education"></div><h3 class="article-subheader">Childhood and Education</h3> <p class="article-text">Walter De Maria was born in Albany, California, just across the bay from San Francisco. His parents owned a local restaurant and were socially active in the community, but their son was shy and focused on music as an early creative outlet. He learned to play the piano initially, and then moved on to perform on percussion instruments. He was also fond of cars and sports, which were among the first subjects for his drawings</p><p class="article-text">He took his creative hobbies seriously and by the age of sixteen had joined a musicians' union. He attended college at the University of California at Berkeley where in 1957 he graduated with a BFA and in 1959 obtained his MFA. During his time at school he focused on history and then painting, while continuing to play jazz music, sometimes performing with his painting professor David Park. De Maria was involved in the burgeoning avant-garde arts scene in the San Francisco Bay Area. He got involved in "happenings" as well as musical and theatrical productions and began to explore three-dimensional art . His friendships with the composer La Monte Young and choreographer Simone Forti were key influences in this period of his life, pointing him towards both <a href="/movement/minimalism/">Minimalism</a> on a grand scale and interactive sculpture as genres of artistic pursuit, as well as a conceptual starting point for all forms of more material creative outcomes.</p><div class="article-anchor" id="early_period"></div><h3 class="article-subheader">Early Period</h3> <div class="article-img-placeholder" data-src="/images20/photo/de_maria_1.jpg" data-alt="Walter De Maria Biography"></div><p class="article-text">In 1960 De Maria moved to New York City and delved into the downtown arts scene. There he continued to play a part in "happenings", helping to operate a gallery space with Robert Whitman on Great Jones Street for events and exhibitions, as well as starting to create his own 3-D sculptural works from wood. He made viewer-interactive pieces that were inspired by <a href="/movement/dada/">Dada</a> and imbued with both minimalist and conceptual tendencies. One piece, <i>Boxes for Meaningless Work</i> (1961) asked for viewers to "Transfer things from one box to the next box back and forth, back and forth, etc." while being advised to "Be aware that what you are doing is meaningless." In 1960 he also married Susanne Wilson (who later called herself Susanna), after traveling to New York City together. The couple later divorced. Working as a clothing designer in New York City, Susanne also introduced De Maria to the eccentric artist <a href="/artist/cornell-joseph/">Joseph Cornell</a>, whose boxes of found, <a href="/definition/collage/">collaged</a> elements were resonant with some of De Maria's own early, highly crafted, smaller-scale sculptural work before moving on to working in metal.</p><p class="article-text">De Maria's longtime involvement with music continued during his early career. He composed two musical works himself titled <i>Cricket Music</i> (1964) and <i>Ocean Music</i> (1968), and played music in jazz and rock bands around New York City. In 1965 he joined the band The Primitives, which became the foundation for The Velvet Underground, the avant-rock group championed by <a href="/artist/warhol-andy/">Andy Warhol</a>, icon of <a href="/movement/pop-art/">Pop art</a> and which featured the musicians John Cale and Lou Reed. De Maria was also a part of an artist/musician collaborative group called The Druds, but avoided public recognition and celebrity. He rarely gave interviews and he tried not to be photographed.</p><div class="article-anchor" id="mature_period"></div><h3 class="article-subheader">Mature Period</h3> <p class="article-text">By the late 1960s De Maria was beginning to become involved in the emerging Land Art movement. He continued working within Minimalist and <a href="/movement/conceptual-art/">Conceptualist</a> structures, and was recommended for the Dwan gallery by fellow Minimalist and Conceptualist artists like <a href="/artist/lewitt-sol/">Sol LeWitt</a> and <a href="/artist/andre-carl/">Carl Andre</a>, but he started to also engage with aspects of nature. He filled the Galeria Heiner Friedrich in Munich with dirt in 1968 and that same year made <i>Mile Long Drawing</i> in the Mojave Desert.His relationship with Heiner Friedrich was an important one. The German art dealer became the founding director of the Dia Art Foundation in the United States, which funded four of De Maria's most important site-specific Earthwork installations in the 1970s: <i>The Lightning Field, Vertical Earth Kilometer, Earth Room, and The Broken Kilometer</i>.</p><div class="ad-container noprimis-ad"><div class="tas-ad ad-horizontal ad-728x90"><div align="center" id="theartstory_incontent_1"><script data-cfasync="false" type="text/javascript">/*<![CDATA[*/freestar.config.enabled_slots.push({placementName:"theartstory_incontent_1",slotId:"theartstory_incontent_1"});/*]]>*/</script></div></div><div class="remove-ads"><a href="/donate.htm?from=remove-ads">Remove Ads</a></div></div><div class="article-img-placeholder" data-src="/images20/photo/de_maria_2.jpg" data-alt="Walter De Maria Photo"></div><p class="article-text">De Maria had numerous solo exhibitions and created permanent sculptures that can be found around the world, from Paris to Munich, but a lot of his work remains as elusive as he was. Not much information about his personal life exists, and it seems De Maria wanted it that way. Still his importance was recognized by many in the artworld, he was described, for instance, by Michael Govan, the Director of the Los Angeles County Museum of Art as, "one of the greatest artists of our time." De Maria went to California to visit his mother on her 100th birthday in the year 2013. Only a few days later he suffered a stroke. He remained there for treatment but died soon after in his sleep at the age of 77.</p><div class="article-anchor" id="legacy"></div><h3 class="article-subheader">The Legacy of Walter De Maria</h3> <p class="article-text">De Maria strongly influenced his peers and later generations of artists who thought to work on ambitious scales, both in terms of physical dimensions and time duration - essentially expanding the scope of the Minimalist canvas. Moving beyond public sculptures that were installed in built, urban environments, De Maria helped establish Earthworks and Land Art as important modes of creative practice for contemporary art, not simply calling attention to the environment, but physically placing viewers and immersing them in it - the vast expanse of desert terrain being a particular favorite. De Maria, along with some of his peers, helped initiate the notion of art-interested viewers trekking not only to a particular museum location to view collections of art, but also to more unusual sites where singular works are located.</p><div class="article-img-new-line"></div><div class="article-anchor" id="influences"></div><h2 class="article-header influences-header">Influences and Connections</h2><div class="influences influences-closed"><div class="influences-head"><div class="influences-on">Influences on Artist</div><div class="influences-card"><div class="green"></div><div class="red"></div><img class="lazyload" data-src="/images20/ttip/de_maria_walter.jpg" alt="Walter De Maria"><div class="sep"></div></div><div class="influenced-by">Influenced by Artist</div></div><div class="influences-data"><div class="influences-data-holder"><div class="influences-on"><div class="influences-half"><div class="influences-part"><div class="influences-part-header">Artists</div><ul class="influences-part-content"><li> <a href="/artist/cage-john/"> <div class="artist-row"><img class="lazyload" data-src="/images20/ttip/cage_john.jpg" alt="John Cage"><div class="artist-name">John Cage</div></div> </a> </li><li> <a href="/artist/duchamp-marcel/"> <div class="artist-row"><img class="lazyload" data-src="/images20/ttip/duchamp_marcel.jpg" alt="Marcel Duchamp"><div class="artist-name">Marcel Duchamp</div></div> </a> </li><li> <a href="/artist/moore-henry/"> <div class="artist-row"><img class="lazyload" data-src="/images20/ttip/moore_henry.jpg" alt="Henry Moore"><div class="artist-name">Henry Moore</div></div> </a> </li><li> <a href="/artist/park-david/"> <div class="artist-row"><img class="lazyload" data-src="/images20/ttip/park_david.jpg" alt="David Park"><div class="artist-name">David Park</div></div> </a> </li></ul></div><div class="influences-part"><div class="influences-part-header">Friends & Personal Connections</div><ul class="influences-part-content"><li> <a href="/artist/morris-robert/"> <div class="artist-row"><img class="lazyload" data-src="/images20/ttip/morris_robert.jpg" alt="Robert Morris"><div class="artist-name">Robert Morris</div></div> </a> </li><li><div class="artist-row"><img class="lazyload" data-src="/images20/ttip/forti_simone.jpg" alt="Simone Forti"><div class="artist-name">Simone Forti</div></div></li><li><div class="artist-row"><img class="lazyload" data-src="/images20/ttip/whitman_robert.jpg" alt="Robert Whitman"><div class="artist-name">Robert Whitman</div></div></li><li><div class="artist-row"><img class="lazyload" data-src="/images20/ttip/young_la_monte.jpg" alt="La Monte Young"><div class="artist-name">La Monte Young</div></div></li></ul></div><div class="influences-part"><div class="influences-part-header">Movements & Ideas</div><ul class="influences-part-content"><li> <a href="/movement/dada/"> <div class="artist-row"><img class="lazyload" data-src="/images20/ttip/dada.jpg" alt="Dada"><div class="artist-name">Dada</div></div> </a> </li><li> <a href="/movement/fluxus/"> <div class="artist-row"><img class="lazyload" data-src="/images20/ttip/fluxus.jpg" alt="Fluxus"><div class="artist-name">Fluxus</div></div> </a> </li><li> <a href="/movement/minimalism/"> <div class="artist-row"><img class="lazyload" data-src="/images20/ttip/minimalism.jpg" alt="Minimalism"><div class="artist-name">Minimalism</div></div> </a> </li><li> <a href="/movement/conceptual-art/"> <div class="artist-row"><img class="lazyload" data-src="/images20/ttip/conceptual_art.jpg" alt="Conceptual Art"><div class="artist-name">Conceptual Art</div></div> </a> </li><li> <a href="/movement/earth-art/"> <div class="artist-row"><img class="lazyload" data-src="/images20/ttip/earth_art.jpg" alt="Earth Art"><div class="artist-name">Earth Art</div></div> </a> </li></ul></div></div></div><div class="sep"></div><div class="influenced-by"><div class="influences-half"><div class="influences-part"><div class="influences-part-header">Artists</div><ul class="influences-part-content"><li> <a href="/artist/smithson-robert/"> <div class="artist-row"><img class="lazyload" data-src="/images20/ttip/smithson_robert.jpg" alt="Robert Smithson"><div class="artist-name">Robert Smithson</div></div> </a> </li><li> <a href="/artist/oppenheim-dennis/"> <div class="artist-row"><img class="lazyload" data-src="/images20/ttip/oppenheim_dennis.jpg" alt="Dennis Oppenheim"><div class="artist-name">Dennis Oppenheim</div></div> </a> </li><li> <a href="/artist/heizer-michael/"> <div class="artist-row"><img class="lazyload" data-src="/images20/ttip/heizer_michael.jpg" alt="Michael Heizer"><div class="artist-name">Michael Heizer</div></div> </a> </li><li> <a href="/artist/turrell-james/"> <div class="artist-row"><img class="lazyload" data-src="/images20/ttip/turrell_james.jpg" alt="James Turrell"><div class="artist-name">James Turrell</div></div> </a> </li></ul></div><div class="influences-part"><div class="influences-part-header">Friends & Personal Connections</div><ul class="influences-part-content"><li> <a href="/artist/smithson-robert/"> <div class="artist-row"><img class="lazyload" data-src="/images20/ttip/smithson_robert.jpg" alt="Robert Smithson"><div class="artist-name">Robert Smithson</div></div> </a> </li><li><div class="artist-row"><img class="lazyload" data-src="/images20/ttip/whitman_robert.jpg" alt="Robert Whitman"><div class="artist-name">Robert Whitman</div></div></li><li><div class="artist-row"><img class="lazyload" data-src="/images20/ttip/young_la_monte.jpg" alt="La Monte Young"><div class="artist-name">La Monte Young</div></div></li></ul></div><div class="influences-part"><div class="influences-part-header">Movements & Ideas</div><ul class="influences-part-content"><li> <a href="/movement/minimalism/"> <div class="artist-row"><img class="lazyload" data-src="/images20/ttip/minimalism.jpg" alt="Minimalism"><div class="artist-name">Minimalism</div></div> </a> </li><li> <a href="/movement/conceptual-art/"> <div class="artist-row"><img class="lazyload" data-src="/images20/ttip/conceptual_art.jpg" alt="Conceptual Art"><div class="artist-name">Conceptual Art</div></div> </a> </li><li> <a href="/movement/earth-art/"> <div class="artist-row"><img class="lazyload" data-src="/images20/ttip/earth_art.jpg" alt="Earth Art"><div class="artist-name">Earth Art</div></div> </a> </li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div class="white-button open-influences-button"><div>Open Influences</div></div><div class="white-button close-influences-button"><div>Close Influences</div></div></div><div class="article-anchor" id="resources" style="top: -118px;"></div><h2 class="article-header resources-header">Useful Resources on Walter De Maria</h2><div class="resources"><div class="resources-nav"><div class="resources-nav-element resources-nav-element-active" id="resource_nav_featured_books">Books</div><div class="resources-nav-element" id="resource_nav_websites">websites</div><div class="resources-nav-element" id="resource_nav_articles">articles</div><div class="resources-nav-element" id="resource_nav_video_clips">video clips</div></div><div class="resources-part resources-part-opened" id="resource_part_featured_books"><div class="resources-part-title">Books</div><div class="resources-part-content" style="display:block;"><div class="resources-part-text">The books and articles below constitute a bibliography of the sources used in the writing of this page. These also suggest some accessible resources for further research, especially ones that can be found and purchased via the internet.</div><div class="resources-part-subtitle">biography</div><ul><li> <a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0300175787?tag=tharst-20" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <div class="resource-row"><div class="resource-type-icon resource-type-book-bio"></div><div class="resource-info"><div class="resource-name"><span>Walter De Maria: Trilogies (Menil Collection)</span></div><div class="resource-desc">By Joseph Helfenstein, Clare Elliot</div></div></div> </a> </li><li> <a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0300138946?tag=tharst-20" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <div class="resource-row"><div class="resource-type-icon resource-type-book-bio"></div><div class="resource-info"><div class="resource-name"><span>The Lightning Field (Dia Foundation)</span></div><div class="resource-desc">By Kenneth Baker, Lydia Cooke</div></div></div> </a> </li></ul></div></div><div class="resources-part resources-part-closed" id="resource_part_websites"><div class="resources-part-title">websites</div><div class="resources-part-content" style="display:none;"><ul><li> <a href="http://www.guggenheim.org/new-york/education/school-educator-programs/teacher-resources/arts-curriculum-online?view=item&catid=729&id=112" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <div class="resource-row"><div class="resource-type-icon resource-type-website"></div><div class="resource-info"><div class="resource-name"><span>Art of Perceptual Experience: Pure Abstraction and Alternative Minimalism</span><span class="our-pick">Our聽Pick</span></div><div class="resource-desc">GuGuggenheim Museum</div></div></div> </a> </li><li> <a href="http://www.artspace.com/walter-de-maria" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <div class="resource-row"><div class="resource-type-icon resource-type-website"></div><div class="resource-info"><div class="resource-name"><span>Walter De Maria (ArtSpace)</span></div></div></div> </a> </li></ul></div></div><div class="resources-part resources-part-closed" id="resource_part_articles"><div class="resources-part-title">articles</div><div class="resources-part-content" style="display:none;"><ul><li> <a href="http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/interviews/oral-history-interview-walter-de-maria-12362" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <div class="resource-row"><div class="resource-type-icon resource-type-article"></div><div class="resource-info"><div class="resource-name"><span>Oral History Interview with Walter De Maria</span><span class="our-pick">Our聽Pick</span></div><div class="resource-desc">Archives of American Art / 1972 October 4</div></div></div> </a> </li><li> <a href="https://www.artandantiquesmag.com/land-art-earthworks-postwar-american-art/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <div class="resource-row"><div class="resource-type-icon resource-type-article"></div><div class="resource-info"><div class="resource-name"><span>Land Art: Earthworks that Defined Postwar American Art</span></div><div class="resource-desc">By Dana Micucci, Art Antiques</div></div></div> </a> </li><li> <a href="http://www.grandlifehotels.com/culture/under-the-radar-the-broken-kilometer/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <div class="resource-row"><div class="resource-type-icon resource-type-article"></div><div class="resource-info"><div class="resource-name"><span>Under The Radar: The Broken Kilometer, Grand Life</span></div></div></div> </a> </li><li> <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/27/arts/design/walter-de-maria-artist-on-grand-scale-dies-at-77.html?_r=0" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <div class="resource-row"><div class="resource-type-icon resource-type-article"></div><div class="resource-info"><div class="resource-name"><span>Walter De Maria, Artist on Grand Scale, Dies at 77</span><span class="our-pick">Our聽Pick</span></div><div class="resource-desc">By Roberta Smith / The New York Times / July 23, 2013</div></div></div> </a> </li><li class="resource-hidden"> <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/02/realestate/walter-de-marias-grand-and-gritty-home.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <div class="resource-row"><div class="resource-type-icon resource-type-article"></div><div class="resource-info"><div class="resource-name"><span>Walter De Maria's Grand and Gritty Home</span><span class="our-pick">Our聽Pick</span></div><div class="resource-desc">By Robin Finn / The New York Times / January 31, 2014</div></div></div> </a> </li><li class="resource-hidden"> <a href="http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy2.library.arizona.edu/action/doBasicSearch?Query=alone+in+a+crowd&acc=on&wc=on&fc=off&group=none" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <div class="resource-row"><div class="resource-type-icon resource-type-article"></div><div class="resource-info"><div class="resource-name"><span>ALONE IN A CROWD: THE SOLITUDE OF WALTER DE MARIA'S NEW YORK EARTH ROOM AND BROKEN KILOMETER</span><span class="our-pick">Our聽Pick</span></div><div class="resource-desc">By Jeffrey Kastner / Afterall: A Journal of Art, Context and Enquiry / Issue 2 (2000), pp. 69-73</div></div></div> </a> </li></ul><div class="white-button view-more-resources"><div>View more articles</div></div></div></div><div class="resources-part resources-part-closed" id="resource_part_video_clips"><div class="resources-part-title">video clips</div><div class="resources-part-content" style="display:none;"><ul><li> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vbvJKlnshc8" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <div class="resource-row"><div class="resource-type-icon resource-type-video"></div><div class="resource-info"><div class="resource-name"><span>GermanoCelant discussing Land Art, including Walter De Maria's works</span></div></div></div> </a> </li><li> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zEmrICHExhM" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <div class="resource-row"><div class="resource-type-icon resource-type-video"></div><div class="resource-info"><div class="resource-name"><span>Walter De Maria's Sculpture, Large Red Sphere</span></div></div></div> </a> </li></ul></div></div></div><div class="article-anchor" id="similar"></div><h2 class="article-header">Similar Art</h2><div class="similar-art"><div class="similar-art-element"><div class="artwork-img lazy-box"><div class="img-btn-holder"> <a href="/artist/smithson-robert/#pnt_5"> <img class="lazyload" data-src="/images20/works/smithson_robert_5.jpg" alt="Robert Smithson: Spiral Jetty (1970)" width="800" height="450"> </a> <div class="btn zoom-button"></div></div></div> <a href="/artist/smithson-robert/#pnt_5"> <h3 class="artwork-title">Spiral Jetty (1970)</h3> </a> <div class="artwork-author"> <a href="/artist/smithson-robert/">Robert Smithson</a> </div><div class="blue-button"><a href="/artist/smithson-robert/#pnt_5"><div>Read more</div></a></div></div><div class="similar-art-element"><div class="artwork-img lazy-box"><div class="img-btn-holder"> <a href="/movement/earth-art/artworks/#pnt_1"> <img class="lazyload" data-src="/images20/pnt/pnt_earth_art_1.jpg" alt="Richard Long: A Line Made By Walking (1967)" width="95" height="95"> </a> </div></div> <a href="/movement/earth-art/artworks/#pnt_1"> <h3 class="artwork-title">A Line Made By Walking (1967)</h3> </a> <div class="artwork-author"> <a href="/artist/long-richard/">Richard Long</a> </div><div class="from-movement"> <a href="/movement/earth-art/">Earth Art</a> </div><div class="blue-button"><a href="/movement/earth-art/artworks/#pnt_1"><div>Read more</div></a></div></div><div class="similar-art-element"><div class="artwork-img lazy-box"><div class="img-btn-holder"> <a href="/movement/conceptual-art/artworks/#pnt_5"> <img class="lazyload" data-src="/images20/pnt/pnt_conceptual_art_5.jpg" alt="Yoko Ono: Grapefruit (1964)" width="95" height="95"> </a> </div></div> <a href="/movement/conceptual-art/artworks/#pnt_5"> <h3 class="artwork-title">Grapefruit (1964)</h3> </a> <div class="artwork-author"> <a href="/artist/ono-yoko/">Yoko Ono</a> </div><div class="from-movement"> <a href="/movement/conceptual-art/">Conceptual Art</a> </div><div class="blue-button"><a href="/movement/conceptual-art/artworks/#pnt_5"><div>Read more</div></a></div></div></div><div id="related-artists"><h2 class="article-header">Related Artists</h2><div class="related-artists-block"><ul class="related-artists"><li><div class="artist-row"> <a href="/artist/judd-donald/"><img class="lazyload" data-src="/images20/ttip/judd_donald.jpg" alt="Donald Judd Biography, Art & Analysis"></a> <div class="artist-info"> <a href="/artist/judd-donald/"> <div class="artist-name">Donald Judd</div> </a> <div class="artist-links"> <a href="/artist/judd-donald/">Overview, Artworks, and Biography</a> </div></div></div></li><li><div class="artist-row"> <a href="/artist/morris-robert/"><img class="lazyload" data-src="/images20/ttip/morris_robert.jpg" alt="Robert Morris Biography, Art & Analysis"></a> <div class="artist-info"> <a href="/artist/morris-robert/"> <div class="artist-name">Robert Morris</div> </a> <div class="artist-links"> <a href="/artist/morris-robert/">Overview, Artworks, and Biography</a> </div></div></div></li><li><div class="artist-row"> <a href="/artist/moore-henry/"><img class="lazyload" data-src="/images20/ttip/moore_henry.jpg" alt="Henry Moore Biography, Art & Analysis"></a> <div class="artist-info"> <a href="/artist/moore-henry/"> <div class="artist-name">Henry Moore</div> </a> <div class="artist-links"> <a href="/artist/moore-henry/">Overview, Artworks, and Biography</a> </div></div></div></li><li><div class="artist-row"> <a href="/artist/smithson-robert/"><img class="lazyload" data-src="/images20/ttip/smithson_robert.jpg" alt="Robert Smithson Biography, Art & Analysis"></a> <div class="artist-info"> <a href="/artist/smithson-robert/"> <div class="artist-name">Robert Smithson</div> </a> <div class="artist-links"> <a href="/artist/smithson-robert/">Overview, Artworks, and Biography</a> </div></div></div></li></ul></div></div><div id="related-movements"><h2 class="article-header">Related Movements & Topics</h2><div class="related-artists-block"><ul class="related-artists"><li><div class="artist-row"> <a href="/movement/earth-art/"><img class="lazyload" data-src="/images20/ttip/earth_art.jpg" alt="Earth Art Art & Analysis"></a> <div class="artist-info"> <a href="/movement/earth-art/"> <div class="artist-name">Earth Art</div> </a> <div class="artist-links"> <a href="/movement/earth-art/">Summary, History, Artworks</a> </div></div></div></li><li><div class="artist-row"> <a href="/movement/post-minimalism/"><img class="lazyload" data-src="/images20/ttip/post_minimalism.jpg" alt="Post-Minimalism Art & Analysis"></a> <div class="artist-info"> <a href="/movement/post-minimalism/"> <div class="artist-name">Post-Minimalism</div> </a> <div class="artist-links"> <a href="/movement/post-minimalism/">Summary, History, Artworks</a> </div></div></div></li><li><div class="artist-row"> <a href="/movement/conceptual-art/"><img class="lazyload" data-src="/images20/ttip/conceptual_art.jpg" alt="Conceptual Art Art & Analysis"></a> <div class="artist-info"> <a href="/movement/conceptual-art/"> <div class="artist-name">Conceptual Art</div> </a> <div class="artist-links"> <a href="/movement/conceptual-art/">Summary, History, Artworks</a> </div></div></div></li><li><div class="artist-row"> <a href="/definition/postmodernism/"><img class="lazyload" data-src="/images20/ttip/postmodernism.jpg" alt="Postmodernism Art & Analysis"></a> <div class="artist-info"> <a href="/definition/postmodernism/"> <div class="artist-name">Postmodernism</div> </a> <div class="artist-links"> <a href="/definition/postmodernism/">Summary, History, Artworks</a> </div></div></div></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="article-actions"><div class="article-share"><div class="article-header">Share</div><div class="grey-box"><div class="buttons-container"><div><button class="share-fb" onclick="shareFb()"></button></div><div><button class="share-tw" onclick="shareTw()"></button></div><div><button class="share-pt" onclick="sharePt()"></button></div></div></div></div> <div class="article-cite-correct"><div class="article-header">Do more</div><div class="grey-box"><div class="buttons-container"><div><button class="cite-article" onclick="citeArticle()">Cite<span class="long-text"> article</span></button></div><div><button class="correct-article" onclick="correctArticle()">Correct<span class="long-text"> article</span></button></div><div><button class="print-article" onclick="printArticle()">Print</button></div></div></div></div><div class="written-by-box"><p class="written-by">Content compiled and written by <a href="/about-us-our-team.htm#fiesel">Laura Fiesel</a> </p><p class="published-by"> Edited and published by <a href="/about-us-our-team.htm#top">The Art Story Contributors</a> </p><div class="citation"> "Walter De Maria Artist Overview and Analysis". [Internet]. <span id="written_by_year"></span>. <a href="/">TheArtStory.org</a> <br> Content compiled and written by Laura Fiesel <br> Edited and published by The Art Story Contributors <br> Available from: <a href="#"><span id="written_by_page_link"></span></a> <br> First published on 15 Dec 2015. Updated and modified regularly <br> [Accessed <span id="written_by_accesed"></span>] <br><div class="blue-button"><a href="#" onclick="copyCitation()"><div>Copy to clipboard</div></a></div></div></div> </div><div class="bottom-banner"><div class="ad-container ad-wide"><div class="tas-ad ad-horizontal ad-970x250"><div align="center" id="theartstory_leaderboard_btf"><script data-cfasync="false" type="text/javascript">/*<![CDATA[*/freestar.config.enabled_slots.push({placementName:"theartstory_leaderboard_btf",slotId:"theartstory_leaderboard_btf"});/*]]>*/</script></div></div><div class="remove-ads"><a href="/donate.htm?from=remove-ads">Remove Ads</a></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="minimap-container"><div class="minimap"><div class="minimap-col"><div class="minimap-header">Related Movements</div><div class="minimap-items"><div class="minimap-item"> <a href="/movement/earth-art/" class="minimap-link">Earth Art</a> </div><div class="minimap-item"> <a href="/movement/post-minimalism/" class="minimap-link">Post-Minimalism</a> </div><div class="minimap-item"> <a href="/movement/conceptual-art/" class="minimap-link">Conceptual Art</a> </div><div class="minimap-item"> <a href="/definition/postmodernism/" class="minimap-link">Postmodernism</a> </div><div class="minimap-item-space"></div> <a href="/movements/" class="minimap-all-link"> <div class="minimap-item-all"> All Movements </div> </a> </div></div><div class="minimap-col"><div class="minimap-header">Related Artists</div><div class="minimap-items"><div class="minimap-item"> <a href="/artist/judd-donald/" class="minimap-link">Donald Judd</a> </div><div class="minimap-item"> <a href="/artist/morris-robert/" class="minimap-link">Robert Morris</a> </div><div class="minimap-item"> <a href="/artist/moore-henry/" class="minimap-link">Henry Moore</a> </div><div class="minimap-item"> <a href="/artist/smithson-robert/" class="minimap-link">Robert Smithson</a> </div><div class="minimap-item-space"></div> <a href="/artists/" class="minimap-all-link"> <div class="minimap-item-all">All Artists</div> </a> </div></div><div class="minimap-col"><div class="minimap-header">Timelines</div><div class="minimap-items"><div class="minimap-item"> <a href="/section-movements-timeline.htm" class="minimap-link">Movements Timeline</a> </div><div class="minimap-item"> <a href="/top50.htm" class="minimap-link">The Top 50 Timeline</a> </div><div class="minimap-item"> <a href="/sculpture-timeline.htm" class="minimap-link">The Modern Sculpture Timeline</a> </div><div class="minimap-item"> <a href="/timeline-abex.htm" class="minimap-link">AbEx Timeline</a> </div><div class="minimap-item-space"></div> <a href="/section-timelines.htm" class="minimap-all-link"> <div class="minimap-item-all">All Timelines</div> </a> </div></div><div class="minimap-col"><div class="minimap-header">Ideas</div><div class="minimap-items"><div class="minimap-item"> <a href="/definition/modern-art/" class="minimap-link">Modern Art - Defined</a> </div><div class="minimap-item"> <a href="/definition/postmodernism/" class="minimap-link">Postmodernism - Defined</a> </div><div class="minimap-item"> <a href="/ideas/#nav-definitions" class="minimap-link">Art Terms</a> </div><div class="minimap-item"> <a href="/ideas/#nav-influencers" class="minimap-link">Art Influencers</a> </div><div class="minimap-item-space"></div> <a href="/ideas/" class="minimap-all-link"> <div class="minimap-item-all"> Full Section Overview </div> </a> </div></div><div class="minimap-col minimap-col-tas"><div class="minimap-header"><div class="minimap-logo-text">The Art Story</div><div class="minimap-logo-img"> <a href="/"><img class="lazyload" data-src="/images20/logos/logo-220x48-white.svg" width="220" height="48" alt="TheArtStory.org - Your Guide to Modern Art"></a> </div><div class="minimap-header-addition">a 501(c)3 Nonprofit</div></div><div class="minimap-items"><div class="minimap-item"> <a href="/about-us.htm" class="minimap-link">About Us</a> </div><div class="minimap-item"> <a href="/contact-us.htm" class="minimap-link">Contact Us</a> </div><div class="minimap-item-space"></div> <a href="/help-us.htm" class="donate-button">SUPPORT US</a> </div></div></div></div> <style>#pmLink{visibility:hidden;text-decoration:none;cursor:pointer;background:#fff0;border:none;padding:0;font:400 12px 'Roboto',sans-serif;color:gray;text-transform:uppercase;line-height:25px;position:absolute}#pmLink:hover{visibility:visible;color:808080}</style><div class="footer-container"><div class="footer"><div class="footer-logo"> <a href="/"><img class="lazyload" data-src="/images20/logos/logo-220x48.svg" width="220" height="48" alt="TheArtStory.org - Your Guide to Modern Art"></a> </div><div class="footer-links"><div class="footer-text">©2008-2025 The Art Story Foundation. All Rights Reserved<span class="mobile-hidden"> | </span><br class="desktop-hidden"><nobr><a href="/terms.htm">Privacy Policy</a> | <a href="/sitemap.htm">Sitemap</a></nobr><br> <button id="pmLink">Privacy Manager</button> </div></div><div class="footer-socials"><div> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/TheArtStory" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img src="/images20/icons/icon-social-fb.svg" width="30" height="30" alt="TheArtStory Facebook Group"></a> </div><div> <a href="https://twitter.com/TheArtStory" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img src="/images20/icons/icon-social-tw.svg" width="30" height="30" alt="TheArtStory Twitter Page"></a> </div><div> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/theartstory_org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img src="/images20/icons/icon-social-ig.svg" width="30" height="30" alt="TheArtStory Instagram Page"></a> </div><div> <a href="https://www.pinterest.com/TheArtStory_org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img src="/images20/icons/icon-social-pin.svg" width="30" height="30" alt="TheArtStory Pinterest Page"></a> </div></div></div></div><div class="back-to-top"></div><script src="/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script> <script type="application/ld+json"> { "@context": "http://schema.org", "@type": "Person", "name": "Walter De Maria", "birthDate": "October 1, 1935", "birthPlace": "Albany, CA", "deathDate": "July 25, 2013", "deathPlace": "Los Angeles, CA", "description": "Walter De Maria bridged multiple movements of artistic practice providing conceptual underpinnings to larger-scale sculptural work.", "disambiguatingDescription ": "American Sculptor and Conceptual Artist", "nationality": "American", "image": "https://www.theartstory.org/images20/new_design/c/c_de_maria_walter.jpg", "mainEntityOfPage": "https://www.theartstory.org/artist/de-maria-walter/", "url": "https://www.theartstory.org/artist/de-maria-walter/" , "affiliation": [{"@type":"Organization","additionalType":"Movement","@context":"http://schema.org","name": "Earth Art","url" : "http://www.theartstory.org/movement/earth-art/"}, {"@type":"Organization","additionalType":"Movement","@context":"http://schema.org","name": "Post-Minimalism","url" : "http://www.theartstory.org/movement/post-minimalism/"}, {"@type":"Organization","additionalType":"Movement","@context":"http://schema.org","name": "Conceptual Art","url" : "http://www.theartstory.org/movement/conceptual-art/"}] , "knows": [{"@type":"Person","@context":"http://schema.org","name": "Simone Forti","url" : "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simone_Forti"}, {"@type":"Person","@context":"http://schema.org","name": "Robert Morris","url" : "http://www.theartstory.org/artist/morris-robert/"}, {"@type":"Person","@context":"http://schema.org","name": "Robert Whitman","url" : "http://www.robertwhitman.com/About/1"}, {"@type":"Person","@context":"http://schema.org","name": "La Monte Young","url" : "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Monte_Young"}, {"@type":"Person","@context":"http://schema.org","name": "Robert Smithson","url" : "http://www.theartstory.org/artist/smithson-robert/"}]} </script></body></html>