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hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/124220579/Atrapado_en_la_incertidumbre_El_procesamiento_predictivo_y_la_inferencia_activa_en_el_comportamiento_procrastinador_del_autismo"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Atrapado en la incertidumbre: El procesamiento predictivo y la inferencia activa en el comportamiento procrastinador del autismo" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/118487792/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/124220579/Atrapado_en_la_incertidumbre_El_procesamiento_predictivo_y_la_inferencia_activa_en_el_comportamiento_procrastinador_del_autismo">Atrapado en la incertidumbre: El procesamiento predictivo y la inferencia activa en el comportamiento procrastinador del autismo</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Lógoi Revista de Filosofía</span><span>, Mar 19, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="554ee9131973b08be3883836a04662dd" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":118487792,"asset_id":124220579,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/118487792/download_file?st=MTczMzA1MzQ3Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="124220579"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa 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principle (FEP) has focused on how organisms maintain h...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Much of the literature on the free energy principle (FEP) has focused on how organisms maintain homeostasis amidst a constantly changing environment. A fundamental feature of the FEP is that biological entities are “hard-wired” towards self-preservation.However, contrary to this notion, there do exist organisms that appear to seek out rather than avoid conditions that pose an elevated risk of serious injury or death, thereby jeopardizing their physiological integrity. Borrowing a term used in 1990s popular culture to refer to stunt performers like Evel Knievel, these organisms that exhibit such behavioural characteristics can be referred to as daredevils.This paper presents the case of daredevils as a challenge to the FEP’s homeostasis- and optimization-based construal of biological systems. It also introduces three possible explanatory strategies by which the FEP can account for daredevils. The broader objective of the paper is to enhance the FEP’s ability to account for a diverse ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c15630ce2b9a25e946f47f12ca803dd3" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":92637057,"asset_id":88713863,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/92637057/download_file?st=MTczMzA1MzQ3Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="88713863"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="88713863"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 88713863; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=88713863]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=88713863]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 88713863; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='88713863']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 88713863, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "c15630ce2b9a25e946f47f12ca803dd3" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=88713863]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":88713863,"title":"The argument from Evel (Knievel): daredevils and the free energy principle","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Much of the literature on the free energy principle (FEP) has focused on how organisms maintain homeostasis amidst a constantly changing environment. 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The broader objective of the paper is to enhance the FEP’s ability to account for a diverse ...","publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","publication_name":"Biology \u0026amp; Philosophy"},"translated_abstract":"Much of the literature on the free energy principle (FEP) has focused on how organisms maintain homeostasis amidst a constantly changing environment. A fundamental feature of the FEP is that biological entities are “hard-wired” towards self-preservation.However, contrary to this notion, there do exist organisms that appear to seek out rather than avoid conditions that pose an elevated risk of serious injury or death, thereby jeopardizing their physiological integrity. Borrowing a term used in 1990s popular culture to refer to stunt performers like Evel Knievel, these organisms that exhibit such behavioural characteristics can be referred to as daredevils.This paper presents the case of daredevils as a challenge to the FEP’s homeostasis- and optimization-based construal of biological systems. It also introduces three possible explanatory strategies by which the FEP can account for daredevils. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="81178256"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/81178256/The_Octopus_Implications_for_Cognitive_Science"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Octopus: Implications for Cognitive Science" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/81178256/The_Octopus_Implications_for_Cognitive_Science">The Octopus: Implications for Cognitive Science</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Octopuses challenge many common assumptions and received views about the relationship between the...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Octopuses challenge many common assumptions and received views about the relationship between the nervous system, cognition, and the mind. Despite the major anatomical and functional differences between the octopus and vertebrate neurocognitive systems—as well as the divergent evolutionary histories of these clades—octopuses have vertebrate-like cognitive and behavioural capacities and even display aspects of putative &quot;mentality&quot; previously thought to be applicable (if at all) only to vertebrates. Octopuses thus raise significant implications for scientific and philosophical studies of the mind, brain, and cognition, e.g., regarding the mechanisms and substrates of cognition, the functions and structure of consciousness, and the implementation of various cognitive routines. Furthermore, the evolutionary and ecological factors that influenced the development of octopus cognition and behaviour warrant a reexamination of presuppositions about how intelligence arises. This pre...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="81178256"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="81178256"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 81178256; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=81178256]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=81178256]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 81178256; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='81178256']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 81178256, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=81178256]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":81178256,"title":"The Octopus: Implications for Cognitive Science","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Octopuses challenge many common assumptions and received views about the relationship between the nervous system, cognition, and the mind. Despite the major anatomical and functional differences between the octopus and vertebrate neurocognitive systems—as well as the divergent evolutionary histories of these clades—octopuses have vertebrate-like cognitive and behavioural capacities and even display aspects of putative \u0026quot;mentality\u0026quot; previously thought to be applicable (if at all) only to vertebrates. Octopuses thus raise significant implications for scientific and philosophical studies of the mind, brain, and cognition, e.g., regarding the mechanisms and substrates of cognition, the functions and structure of consciousness, and the implementation of various cognitive routines. Furthermore, the evolutionary and ecological factors that influenced the development of octopus cognition and behaviour warrant a reexamination of presuppositions about how intelligence arises. This pre...","publisher":"Underline Science Inc.","publication_date":{"day":30,"month":6,"year":2021,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"Octopuses challenge many common assumptions and received views about the relationship between the nervous system, cognition, and the mind. Despite the major anatomical and functional differences between the octopus and vertebrate neurocognitive systems—as well as the divergent evolutionary histories of these clades—octopuses have vertebrate-like cognitive and behavioural capacities and even display aspects of putative \u0026quot;mentality\u0026quot; previously thought to be applicable (if at all) only to vertebrates. Octopuses thus raise significant implications for scientific and philosophical studies of the mind, brain, and cognition, e.g., regarding the mechanisms and substrates of cognition, the functions and structure of consciousness, and the implementation of various cognitive routines. Furthermore, the evolutionary and ecological factors that influenced the development of octopus cognition and behaviour warrant a reexamination of presuppositions about how intelligence arises. This pre...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/81178256/The_Octopus_Implications_for_Cognitive_Science","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-06-10T09:33:53.846-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":12633690,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"The_Octopus_Implications_for_Cognitive_Science","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":12633690,"first_name":"Sidney","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Carls-Diamante","page_name":"SidneyCarlsDiamante","domain_name":"uni-konstanz","created_at":"2014-06-03T21:53:14.842-07:00","display_name":"Sidney Carls-Diamante","url":"https://uni-konstanz.academia.edu/SidneyCarlsDiamante"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="81178231"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/81178231/Where_Is_It_Like_to_Be_an_Octopus"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Where Is It Like to Be an Octopus?" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/87313910/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/81178231/Where_Is_It_Like_to_Be_an_Octopus">Where Is It Like to Be an Octopus?</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The cognitive capacities and behavioural repertoire of octopuses have led to speculation that the...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The cognitive capacities and behavioural repertoire of octopuses have led to speculation that these animals may possess consciousness. However, the nervous system of octopuses is radically different from those typically associated with conscious experience: rather than being centralised and profoundly integrated, the octopus nervous system is distributed into components with considerable functional autonomy from each other. Of particular note is the arm nervous system: when severed, octopus arms still exhibit behaviours that are nearly identical to those exhibited when the animal is intact. Given these factors, there is reason to speculate that if octopuses do possess consciousness, it may be of a form highly dissimilar to familiar models. In particular, it may be that the octopus arm is capable of supporting an idiosyncratic field of consciousness. As such, in addition to the likelihood that there is something it is like to be an octopus, there may also be something it is like to b...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="13da44be0683f9a39c613e40a4b32ffd" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":87313910,"asset_id":81178231,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/87313910/download_file?st=MTczMzA1MzQ3Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="81178231"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="81178231"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 81178231; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=81178231]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=81178231]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 81178231; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='81178231']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 81178231, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "13da44be0683f9a39c613e40a4b32ffd" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=81178231]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":81178231,"title":"Where Is It Like to Be an Octopus?","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The cognitive capacities and behavioural repertoire of octopuses have led to speculation that these animals may possess consciousness. However, the nervous system of octopuses is radically different from those typically associated with conscious experience: rather than being centralised and profoundly integrated, the octopus nervous system is distributed into components with considerable functional autonomy from each other. Of particular note is the arm nervous system: when severed, octopus arms still exhibit behaviours that are nearly identical to those exhibited when the animal is intact. Given these factors, there is reason to speculate that if octopuses do possess consciousness, it may be of a form highly dissimilar to familiar models. In particular, it may be that the octopus arm is capable of supporting an idiosyncratic field of consciousness. As such, in addition to the likelihood that there is something it is like to be an octopus, there may also be something it is like to b...","publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","ai_title_tag":"Octopus Consciousness: The Role of the Arm's Nervous System","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2022,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience"},"translated_abstract":"The cognitive capacities and behavioural repertoire of octopuses have led to speculation that these animals may possess consciousness. However, the nervous system of octopuses is radically different from those typically associated with conscious experience: rather than being centralised and profoundly integrated, the octopus nervous system is distributed into components with considerable functional autonomy from each other. Of particular note is the arm nervous system: when severed, octopus arms still exhibit behaviours that are nearly identical to those exhibited when the animal is intact. Given these factors, there is reason to speculate that if octopuses do possess consciousness, it may be of a form highly dissimilar to familiar models. In particular, it may be that the octopus arm is capable of supporting an idiosyncratic field of consciousness. 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What this need for a pluralistic or hybrid explanation implies is that cognitive science should be more open to using both representational and nonrepresentational accounts of cognition, depending on their respective appropriateness to the type of cognition in question.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2019,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Synthese","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":87313891},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/81178205/Make_up_your_mind_octopus_cognition_and_hybrid_explanations","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-06-10T09:32:31.418-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":12633690,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":87313891,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/87313891/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"s11229-019-02102-220220610-1-jktmf5.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/87313891/download_file?st=MTczMzA1MzQ3Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Make_up_your_mind_octopus_cognition_and.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/87313891/s11229-019-02102-220220610-1-jktmf5-libre.pdf?1654880392=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMake_up_your_mind_octopus_cognition_and.pdf\u0026Expires=1733057077\u0026Signature=dFCd1RaHH2Ow~vhEWkmrXSyy5im0GJpOnb0Gv627ymzt1f-wU5scRJ6x5mEh4wEdKcn-VWwcqM-KQJ~CddOqZus1AylmKqgYfCom0LfgVIHoxCwrhi9nG3WGdm7eBw-tT4sEoP2qGpTADUknCzPNk4pveZWyq3SZySlBpv0Pb5HbGH9JpewoO-ozoUBAhRdrZjn-dv62U-68~gLwEDbtwg0--Mg~REAiZQxhOB17npCYJg8jVYERt4uSvHY9i0c8ccLD~ZZdjJqlteKGEkmTFlYG13NQdXyu29X1BpqHkIpg8GGfkoRGSAldiyGzhVw~Mdg-24SvYQ1qzD2q2~AGaQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Make_up_your_mind_octopus_cognition_and_hybrid_explanations","translated_slug":"","page_count":16,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":12633690,"first_name":"Sidney","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Carls-Diamante","page_name":"SidneyCarlsDiamante","domain_name":"uni-konstanz","created_at":"2014-06-03T21:53:14.842-07:00","display_name":"Sidney Carls-Diamante","url":"https://uni-konstanz.academia.edu/SidneyCarlsDiamante"},"attachments":[{"id":87313891,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/87313891/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"s11229-019-02102-220220610-1-jktmf5.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/87313891/download_file?st=MTczMzA1MzQ3Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Make_up_your_mind_octopus_cognition_and.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/87313891/s11229-019-02102-220220610-1-jktmf5-libre.pdf?1654880392=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMake_up_your_mind_octopus_cognition_and.pdf\u0026Expires=1733057077\u0026Signature=dFCd1RaHH2Ow~vhEWkmrXSyy5im0GJpOnb0Gv627ymzt1f-wU5scRJ6x5mEh4wEdKcn-VWwcqM-KQJ~CddOqZus1AylmKqgYfCom0LfgVIHoxCwrhi9nG3WGdm7eBw-tT4sEoP2qGpTADUknCzPNk4pveZWyq3SZySlBpv0Pb5HbGH9JpewoO-ozoUBAhRdrZjn-dv62U-68~gLwEDbtwg0--Mg~REAiZQxhOB17npCYJg8jVYERt4uSvHY9i0c8ccLD~ZZdjJqlteKGEkmTFlYG13NQdXyu29X1BpqHkIpg8GGfkoRGSAldiyGzhVw~Mdg-24SvYQ1qzD2q2~AGaQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology"},{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy"},{"id":613835,"name":"Synthese","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Synthese"}],"urls":[{"id":21297588,"url":"http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11229-019-02102-2/fulltext.html"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="81178189"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/81178189/Out_on_a_limb_On_multiple_cognitive_systems_within_the_octopus_nervous_system"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Out on a limb? On multiple cognitive systems within the octopus nervous system" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/87313876/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/81178189/Out_on_a_limb_On_multiple_cognitive_systems_within_the_octopus_nervous_system">Out on a limb? On multiple cognitive systems within the octopus nervous system</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Philosophical Psychology</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d7d0286c5e76945ada023e29483c3d51" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":87313876,"asset_id":81178189,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/87313876/download_file?st=MTczMzA1MzQ3Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="81178189"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="81178189"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 81178189; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=81178189]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=81178189]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 81178189; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='81178189']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 81178189, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "d7d0286c5e76945ada023e29483c3d51" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=81178189]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":81178189,"title":"Out on a limb? On multiple cognitive systems within the octopus nervous system","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Informa UK Limited","grobid_abstract":"The idea that there can be only one cognitive system within any single given cognitive organism is an established albeit implicit one within cognitive science and related studies of the mind. The firm foothold of this notion is due largely to the immense corpus of empirical evidence for the correlation of a high level of cognitive sophistication with a centralized nervous system. However, it must be pointed out that these findings are sourced in large part from studies on vertebrates. This paper presents a potential counterexample to the notion that only one cognitive system can be realized within any single genuine cognitive organism. This counterexample is the octopus, an invertebrate with what initially appears to be a paradoxical combination of vertebrate-like cognitive and behavioral capacities and a functionally decentralized nervous system. The extensive relegation of sensorimotor processing and control responsibilities to the peripheral nervous system which controls the arms of the octopus raises principled reasons to believe that the octopus is an organism that may house multiple independent cognitive systems.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2019,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Philosophical Psychology","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":87313876},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/81178189/Out_on_a_limb_On_multiple_cognitive_systems_within_the_octopus_nervous_system","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-06-10T09:32:05.515-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":12633690,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":87313876,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/87313876/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"09515089.2019.158579720220610-1-6g7hq0.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/87313876/download_file?st=MTczMzA1MzQ3Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Out_on_a_limb_On_multiple_cognitive_syst.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/87313876/09515089.2019.158579720220610-1-6g7hq0-libre.pdf?1654880404=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DOut_on_a_limb_On_multiple_cognitive_syst.pdf\u0026Expires=1733057077\u0026Signature=EEBClOJCVTe06XhVCaoBGONDUZqD0-xWu85FY-TBWWVNSod482jgAvle39s97uNt3YocAtschykfNjbfBWClwfiqQaDaKkpITgdTPPDlGK1cFM91bg4ty6XfvuL1mvNVBYNj~tH5ptSkwASulP9TFP99B3r0wL1rRuYHdsq3NE8bveysTOnIsWTgxwy5LSTBobZRPepTGikAO~sxVasJSFlpK82TGIHTi8IcHR505MAke9kzN4RL0985NSkh2oEgy9JTAocKgDtxqQzLer5EJMrpQ3Uj84PC3rpEsAo9HsNxba4m77jtXBW7nYVvyRWycIJeGXgURCx9kyndDNoVqw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Out_on_a_limb_On_multiple_cognitive_systems_within_the_octopus_nervous_system","translated_slug":"","page_count":21,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":12633690,"first_name":"Sidney","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Carls-Diamante","page_name":"SidneyCarlsDiamante","domain_name":"uni-konstanz","created_at":"2014-06-03T21:53:14.842-07:00","display_name":"Sidney Carls-Diamante","url":"https://uni-konstanz.academia.edu/SidneyCarlsDiamante"},"attachments":[{"id":87313876,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/87313876/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"09515089.2019.158579720220610-1-6g7hq0.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/87313876/download_file?st=MTczMzA1MzQ3Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Out_on_a_limb_On_multiple_cognitive_syst.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/87313876/09515089.2019.158579720220610-1-6g7hq0-libre.pdf?1654880404=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DOut_on_a_limb_On_multiple_cognitive_syst.pdf\u0026Expires=1733057077\u0026Signature=EEBClOJCVTe06XhVCaoBGONDUZqD0-xWu85FY-TBWWVNSod482jgAvle39s97uNt3YocAtschykfNjbfBWClwfiqQaDaKkpITgdTPPDlGK1cFM91bg4ty6XfvuL1mvNVBYNj~tH5ptSkwASulP9TFP99B3r0wL1rRuYHdsq3NE8bveysTOnIsWTgxwy5LSTBobZRPepTGikAO~sxVasJSFlpK82TGIHTi8IcHR505MAke9kzN4RL0985NSkh2oEgy9JTAocKgDtxqQzLer5EJMrpQ3Uj84PC3rpEsAo9HsNxba4m77jtXBW7nYVvyRWycIJeGXgURCx9kyndDNoVqw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":161,"name":"Neuroscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroscience"},{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology"},{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science"},{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy"},{"id":868,"name":"Philosophical Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophical_Psychology"}],"urls":[{"id":21297579,"url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09515089.2019.1585797"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); 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dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "8d023ba603e0745bb1e7e94e13c69f34" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=72198095]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":72198095,"title":"Armed With Information: Cognition and Consciousness and the Octopus Nervous System","translated_title":"","metadata":{"grobid_abstract":"The octopus is a fascinating organism which challenges common assumptions regarding the correlation between the nervous system and the mind, especially with regards to the structures of cognition and consciousness. The cognitive and behavioural capacities of octopuses are highly sophisticated and similar to those of many vertebrates, despite the significant anatomical and functional differences between octopus and vertebrate nervous systems. This thesis explores the implications raised by the octopus for a number of issues within the philosophies of mind, cognitive science, and neuroscience. In particular, it demonstrates that the features of the octopus nervous system are such that they preclude plausibly accounting for the animal's psychological characteristics using the standard explanatory tools of mainstream cognitive science. While this thesis takes a theoretical approach to these issues, it also draws extensively on the findings of empirical research on octopuses from neuroscience, psychology, and biology. The investigation first focuses on cognition. Here, the discussions establish the octopus as proof for the ontological diversity of cognitive processes, and proceed to challenge the causal and epistemic frameworks that are widely received in cognitive science. The latter part of the thesis shifts its focus to consciousness. This section presupposes that consciousness exists in octopuses, in order to demonstrate that the structure and adaptive functions of consciousness can differ significantly from those attributed to it by mainstream cognitive science. The overall objective of this project is to show that cognitive science must radically depart from established, vertebrate-based models of cognition if it is to accommodate octopuses, a species-rich invertebrate genus characterized by behavioural and cognitive complexity. The broader significance of addressing the need for new models of cognition lies in expanding the explanatory scope of the cognitive and brain sciences in order to render them more effective at handling forms of intelligence that are unlike those of vertebrates. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS There are as many people who made this thesis possible as the octopus has neurons, and so I believe I am justified in devoting a phone book-length section to extending my sincere thanks to as many of them as I know by name. My deepest gratitude goes out to my supervisors, Stephen Davies and Emily C. Parke, whose incisive feedback, generous help, and unwavering support were essential to reining in an unruly project into a well-behaved thesis. I would like to give my heartfelt thanks to Glenn Carruthers and Anna Bauer, who will undoubtedly find the cardiac reference in this sentence to be the height of irony. Thanks as deep as the abyss go out to David Lewis (not THAT one) and Rosallia Domingo, the best comrades a PhD student can ever have. Profound thanks also go out to Peter Godfrey-Smith and the other examiner of this thesis who chose to remain anonymous. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="49750857"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/49750857/Armed_with_information_chemical_self_recognition_in_the_octopus"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Armed with information: chemical self-recognition in the octopus" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/49750857/Armed_with_information_chemical_self_recognition_in_the_octopus">Armed with information: chemical self-recognition in the octopus</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Adaptive Behavior</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Of the modalities through which self-recognition is believed to be implemented, philosophical lit...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Of the modalities through which self-recognition is believed to be implemented, philosophical literature on the subject is most familiar with vision and interoception. 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However, they are not the only ones: chemoreception is another modality that biologists have found to be a contributor to self-recognition in numerous species, of which arthropods are notable. This article aims to help address the gap between philosophical and biological literature by presenting the octopus as an example of a creature in which peripheral chemoreceptive processes appear to be a significant component of self-recognition. Building on the findings of Nesher et al. that chemical compounds in octopus skin interfere with the behaviour of its suckers, this article proffers an account of how chemoreception may contribute to self-recognition in octopuses.","publisher":"SAGE Publications","publication_name":"Adaptive Behavior"},"translated_abstract":"Of the modalities through which self-recognition is believed to be implemented, philosophical literature on the subject is most familiar with vision and interoception. However, they are not the only ones: chemoreception is another modality that biologists have found to be a contributor to self-recognition in numerous species, of which arthropods are notable. This article aims to help address the gap between philosophical and biological literature by presenting the octopus as an example of a creature in which peripheral chemoreceptive processes appear to be a significant component of self-recognition. Building on the findings of Nesher et al. that chemical compounds in octopus skin interfere with the behaviour of its suckers, this article proffers an account of how chemoreception may contribute to self-recognition in octopuses.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/49750857/Armed_with_information_chemical_self_recognition_in_the_octopus","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2021-07-11T09:50:11.788-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":12633690,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Armed_with_information_chemical_self_recognition_in_the_octopus","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":12633690,"first_name":"Sidney","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Carls-Diamante","page_name":"SidneyCarlsDiamante","domain_name":"uni-konstanz","created_at":"2014-06-03T21:53:14.842-07:00","display_name":"Sidney Carls-Diamante","url":"https://uni-konstanz.academia.edu/SidneyCarlsDiamante"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology"},{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science"},{"id":94035,"name":"Adaptive behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adaptive_behavior"}],"urls":[{"id":10404054,"url":"http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1059712319862253"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="47560307"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/47560307/How_to_operationalise_consciousness"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of How to operationalise consciousness" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/47560307/How_to_operationalise_consciousness">How to operationalise consciousness</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Australian Journal of Psychology</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Objective To review the way consciousness is operationalised in contemporary research, discuss st...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Objective To review the way consciousness is operationalised in contemporary research, discuss strengths and weaknesses of current approaches and propose new measures. Method We first reviewed the literature pertaining to the phenomenal character of visual and self-consciousness as well as awareness of visual stimuli. We also reviewed more problematic cases of dreams and animal consciousness, specifically that of octopuses. Results Despite controversies, work in visual and self consciousness is highly developed and there are notable successes. Cases where experiences are not induced, such as dreams, and where no verbal report is possible, such as when we study purported experiences of octopuses, are more challenging. It is difficult to be confident about the reliability and validity of operationalisations of dreams. Although this is a general concern about the measuring consciousness, it is not a sufficiently severe concern to completely undermine the work reviewed on vision and self-consciousness. It is more difficult to see how the good work on human psychology can be applied to non-human animals, especially those with radically different nervous systems, such as octopuses. Given the limitations of report-based operationalisations of consciousness, it is desirable to develop non-report-based measures, particularly for phenomenal qualities. We examine a number of possibilities and offer two possible approaches of varying degrees of practicality, the first based on combining quality space descriptions of phenomenal qualities and the notion of a “neural activation space” inherited from connectionist A.I., the second being a novel match to target approach Conclusion Consciousness is a multifacted phenomenon and requires a variety of operationalisations to be studied.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="47560307"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="47560307"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 47560307; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=47560307]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=47560307]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 47560307; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='47560307']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 47560307, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=47560307]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":47560307,"title":"How to operationalise consciousness","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Objective To review the way consciousness is operationalised in contemporary research, discuss strengths and weaknesses of current approaches and propose new measures. Method We first reviewed the literature pertaining to the phenomenal character of visual and self-consciousness as well as awareness of visual stimuli. We also reviewed more problematic cases of dreams and animal consciousness, specifically that of octopuses. Results Despite controversies, work in visual and self consciousness is highly developed and there are notable successes. Cases where experiences are not induced, such as dreams, and where no verbal report is possible, such as when we study purported experiences of octopuses, are more challenging. It is difficult to be confident about the reliability and validity of operationalisations of dreams. Although this is a general concern about the measuring consciousness, it is not a sufficiently severe concern to completely undermine the work reviewed on vision and self-consciousness. It is more difficult to see how the good work on human psychology can be applied to non-human animals, especially those with radically different nervous systems, such as octopuses. Given the limitations of report-based operationalisations of consciousness, it is desirable to develop non-report-based measures, particularly for phenomenal qualities. We examine a number of possibilities and offer two possible approaches of varying degrees of practicality, the first based on combining quality space descriptions of phenomenal qualities and the notion of a “neural activation space” inherited from connectionist A.I., the second being a novel match to target approach Conclusion Consciousness is a multifacted phenomenon and requires a variety of operationalisations to be studied.","publisher":"Wiley","publication_name":"Australian Journal of Psychology"},"translated_abstract":"Objective To review the way consciousness is operationalised in contemporary research, discuss strengths and weaknesses of current approaches and propose new measures. Method We first reviewed the literature pertaining to the phenomenal character of visual and self-consciousness as well as awareness of visual stimuli. We also reviewed more problematic cases of dreams and animal consciousness, specifically that of octopuses. Results Despite controversies, work in visual and self consciousness is highly developed and there are notable successes. Cases where experiences are not induced, such as dreams, and where no verbal report is possible, such as when we study purported experiences of octopuses, are more challenging. It is difficult to be confident about the reliability and validity of operationalisations of dreams. Although this is a general concern about the measuring consciousness, it is not a sufficiently severe concern to completely undermine the work reviewed on vision and self-consciousness. It is more difficult to see how the good work on human psychology can be applied to non-human animals, especially those with radically different nervous systems, such as octopuses. Given the limitations of report-based operationalisations of consciousness, it is desirable to develop non-report-based measures, particularly for phenomenal qualities. We examine a number of possibilities and offer two possible approaches of varying degrees of practicality, the first based on combining quality space descriptions of phenomenal qualities and the notion of a “neural activation space” inherited from connectionist A.I., the second being a novel match to target approach Conclusion Consciousness is a multifacted phenomenon and requires a variety of operationalisations to be studied.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/47560307/How_to_operationalise_consciousness","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2021-04-23T03:46:20.178-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":12633690,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"How_to_operationalise_consciousness","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":12633690,"first_name":"Sidney","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Carls-Diamante","page_name":"SidneyCarlsDiamante","domain_name":"uni-konstanz","created_at":"2014-06-03T21:53:14.842-07:00","display_name":"Sidney Carls-Diamante","url":"https://uni-konstanz.academia.edu/SidneyCarlsDiamante"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology"},{"id":236,"name":"Cognitive Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Psychology"},{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science"},{"id":2229,"name":"Vision Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vision_Science"},{"id":2509,"name":"Philosophy Of Mathematics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_Of_Mathematics"},{"id":8779,"name":"Self Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self_Consciousness"},{"id":9040,"name":"Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consciousness"},{"id":20125,"name":"Introspection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Introspection"},{"id":25422,"name":"Dreams","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dreams"},{"id":42173,"name":"Animal Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Consciousness"},{"id":66084,"name":"Octopus behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Octopus_behavior"},{"id":90905,"name":"Phenomenal Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phenomenal_Consciousness"},{"id":197351,"name":"Awareness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Awareness"},{"id":1821207,"name":"Australian Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Australian_Psychology"}],"urls":[{"id":9831750,"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/ajpy.12264"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="39640310"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/39640310/How_to_operationalise_consciousness"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of How to operationalise consciousness" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/39640310/How_to_operationalise_consciousness">How to operationalise consciousness</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://csu-au.academia.edu/GlennCarruthers">Glenn Carruthers</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://uni-konstanz.academia.edu/SidneyCarlsDiamante">Sidney Carls-Diamante</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://au.academia.edu/MelanieRosen">Melanie Rosen</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Australian Journal of Psychology</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Objective To review the way consciousness is operationalised in contemporary research, discuss st...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Objective<br />To review the way consciousness is operationalised in contemporary research, discuss strengths and weaknesses of current approaches and propose new measures.<br />Method<br />We first reviewed the literature pertaining to the phenomenal character of visual and self-consciousness as well as awareness of visual stimuli. We also reviewed more problematic cases of dreams and animal consciousness, specifically that of octopuses.<br />Results<br />Despite controversies, work in visual and self consciousness is highly developed and there are notable successes. Cases where experiences are not induced, such as dreams, and where no verbal report is possible, such as when we study purported experiences of octopuses, are more challenging. It is difficult to be confident about the reliability and validity of operationalisations of dreams. Although this is a general concern about the measuring consciousness, it is not a sufficiently severe concern to completely undermine the work reviewed on vision and self-consciousness. It is more difficult to see how the good work on human psychology can be applied to non-human animals, especially those with radically different nervous systems, such as octopuses. Given the limitations of report-based operationalisations of consciousness, it is desirable to develop non-report-based measures, particularly for phenomenal qualities. We examine a number of possibilities and offer two possible approaches of varying degrees of practicality, the first based on combining quality space descriptions of phenomenal qualities and the notion of a “neural activation space” inherited from connectionist A.I., the second being a novel match to target approach<br />Conclusion<br />Consciousness is a multifacted phenomenon and requires a variety of operationalisations to be studied.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="39640310"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="39640310"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 39640310; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=39640310]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=39640310]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 39640310; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='39640310']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 39640310, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=39640310]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":39640310,"title":"How to operationalise consciousness","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Objective\nTo review the way consciousness is operationalised in contemporary research, discuss strengths and weaknesses of current approaches and propose new measures.\nMethod\nWe first reviewed the literature pertaining to the phenomenal character of visual and self-consciousness as well as awareness of visual stimuli. We also reviewed more problematic cases of dreams and animal consciousness, specifically that of octopuses.\nResults\nDespite controversies, work in visual and self consciousness is highly developed and there are notable successes. Cases where experiences are not induced, such as dreams, and where no verbal report is possible, such as when we study purported experiences of octopuses, are more challenging. It is difficult to be confident about the reliability and validity of operationalisations of dreams. Although this is a general concern about the measuring consciousness, it is not a sufficiently severe concern to completely undermine the work reviewed on vision and self-consciousness. It is more difficult to see how the good work on human psychology can be applied to non-human animals, especially those with radically different nervous systems, such as octopuses. Given the limitations of report-based operationalisations of consciousness, it is desirable to develop non-report-based measures, particularly for phenomenal qualities. We examine a number of possibilities and offer two possible approaches of varying degrees of practicality, the first based on combining quality space descriptions of phenomenal qualities and the notion of a “neural activation space” inherited from connectionist A.I., the second being a novel match to target approach\nConclusion\nConsciousness is a multifacted phenomenon and requires a variety of operationalisations to be studied.\n","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2019,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Australian Journal of Psychology"},"translated_abstract":"Objective\nTo review the way consciousness is operationalised in contemporary research, discuss strengths and weaknesses of current approaches and propose new measures.\nMethod\nWe first reviewed the literature pertaining to the phenomenal character of visual and self-consciousness as well as awareness of visual stimuli. We also reviewed more problematic cases of dreams and animal consciousness, specifically that of octopuses.\nResults\nDespite controversies, work in visual and self consciousness is highly developed and there are notable successes. Cases where experiences are not induced, such as dreams, and where no verbal report is possible, such as when we study purported experiences of octopuses, are more challenging. It is difficult to be confident about the reliability and validity of operationalisations of dreams. Although this is a general concern about the measuring consciousness, it is not a sufficiently severe concern to completely undermine the work reviewed on vision and self-consciousness. It is more difficult to see how the good work on human psychology can be applied to non-human animals, especially those with radically different nervous systems, such as octopuses. Given the limitations of report-based operationalisations of consciousness, it is desirable to develop non-report-based measures, particularly for phenomenal qualities. We examine a number of possibilities and offer two possible approaches of varying degrees of practicality, the first based on combining quality space descriptions of phenomenal qualities and the notion of a “neural activation space” inherited from connectionist A.I., the second being a novel match to target approach\nConclusion\nConsciousness is a multifacted phenomenon and requires a variety of operationalisations to be studied.\n","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/39640310/How_to_operationalise_consciousness","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2019-06-19T23:27:04.139-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":35388,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":32750383,"work_id":39640310,"tagging_user_id":35388,"tagged_user_id":12633690,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"s***e@gmail.com","affiliation":"Universität Konstanz","display_order":0,"name":"Sidney Carls-Diamante","title":"How to operationalise consciousness"},{"id":32750384,"work_id":39640310,"tagging_user_id":35388,"tagged_user_id":6172,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"l***g@gmail.com","affiliation":"The University of Hong Kong","display_order":4194304,"name":"Linus Huang","title":"How to operationalise consciousness"},{"id":32750385,"work_id":39640310,"tagging_user_id":35388,"tagged_user_id":220950,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"m***n@gmail.com","affiliation":"Aarhus University","display_order":6291456,"name":"Melanie Rosen","title":"How to operationalise consciousness"},{"id":32750386,"work_id":39640310,"tagging_user_id":35388,"tagged_user_id":1230694,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"l***r@gmail.com","affiliation":"Macquarie University","display_order":7340032,"name":"Elizabeth Schier","title":"How to operationalise consciousness"}],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"How_to_operationalise_consciousness","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":35388,"first_name":"Glenn","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Carruthers","page_name":"GlennCarruthers","domain_name":"csu-au","created_at":"2009-03-16T19:12:56.366-07:00","display_name":"Glenn Carruthers","url":"https://csu-au.academia.edu/GlennCarruthers"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":2229,"name":"Vision Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vision_Science"},{"id":9040,"name":"Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consciousness"},{"id":20125,"name":"Introspection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Introspection"},{"id":25422,"name":"Dreams","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dreams"},{"id":41123,"name":"Self-Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self-Consciousness"},{"id":42173,"name":"Animal Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Consciousness"},{"id":66084,"name":"Octopus behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Octopus_behavior"},{"id":90905,"name":"Phenomenal Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phenomenal_Consciousness"},{"id":197351,"name":"Awareness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Awareness"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="39383852"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/39383852/Make_up_your_mind_Octopus_cognition_and_hybrid_explanations"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Make up your mind: Octopus cognition and hybrid explanations" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/39383852/Make_up_your_mind_Octopus_cognition_and_hybrid_explanations">Make up your mind: Octopus cognition and hybrid explanations</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Synthese</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In order to argue that cognitive science should be more accepting of explanatory plurality, this ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In order to argue that cognitive science should be more accepting of explanatory plurality, this paper presents the control of fetching movements in the octopus as an exemplar of a cognitive process that comprises distinct and non-redundant representation-using and non-representational elements. Fetching is a type of movement that representational analyses can normally account for completely—but not in the case of the octopus. Instead, a comprehensive account of octopus fetching requires the non-overlapping use of both representational and non-representational explanatory frameworks. What this need for a pluralistic or hybrid explanation implies is that cognitive science should be more open to using both representational and non-representational accounts of cognition, depending on their respective appropriateness to the type of cognition in question.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="39383852"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="39383852"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 39383852; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=39383852]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=39383852]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 39383852; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='39383852']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 39383852, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=39383852]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":39383852,"title":"Make up your mind: Octopus cognition and hybrid explanations","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.1007/s11229-019-02102-2","abstract":"In order to argue that cognitive science should be more accepting of explanatory plurality, this paper presents the control of fetching movements in the octopus as an exemplar of a cognitive process that comprises distinct and non-redundant representation-using and non-representational elements. Fetching is a type of movement that representational analyses can normally account for completely—but not in the case of the octopus. Instead, a comprehensive account of octopus fetching requires the non-overlapping use of both representational and non-representational explanatory frameworks. What this need for a pluralistic or hybrid explanation implies is that cognitive science should be more open to using both representational and non-representational accounts of cognition, depending on their respective appropriateness to the type of cognition in question.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2019,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Synthese"},"translated_abstract":"In order to argue that cognitive science should be more accepting of explanatory plurality, this paper presents the control of fetching movements in the octopus as an exemplar of a cognitive process that comprises distinct and non-redundant representation-using and non-representational elements. Fetching is a type of movement that representational analyses can normally account for completely—but not in the case of the octopus. Instead, a comprehensive account of octopus fetching requires the non-overlapping use of both representational and non-representational explanatory frameworks. What this need for a pluralistic or hybrid explanation implies is that cognitive science should be more open to using both representational and non-representational accounts of cognition, depending on their respective appropriateness to the type of cognition in question.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/39383852/Make_up_your_mind_Octopus_cognition_and_hybrid_explanations","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2019-06-04T21:12:23.603-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":12633690,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Make_up_your_mind_Octopus_cognition_and_hybrid_explanations","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":12633690,"first_name":"Sidney","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Carls-Diamante","page_name":"SidneyCarlsDiamante","domain_name":"uni-konstanz","created_at":"2014-06-03T21:53:14.842-07:00","display_name":"Sidney Carls-Diamante","url":"https://uni-konstanz.academia.edu/SidneyCarlsDiamante"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[],"urls":[{"id":8781415,"url":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11229-019-02102-2"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="39383773"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/39383773/Out_on_a_limb_On_multiple_cognitive_systems_within_the_octopus_nervous_system"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Out on a limb?: On multiple cognitive systems within the octopus nervous system" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/39383773/Out_on_a_limb_On_multiple_cognitive_systems_within_the_octopus_nervous_system">Out on a limb?: On multiple cognitive systems within the octopus nervous system</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Philosophical Psychology</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The idea that there can be only one cognitive system within any single given cognitive organism i...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The idea that there can be only one cognitive system within any single given cognitive organism is an established one within cognitive science and related studies of the mind. The firm foothold of this notion is due largely to the immense corpus of empirical evidence for the correlation of a high level of cognitive sophistication with a centralized nervous system. However, it must be pointed out that these findings are sourced in large part from studies on vertebrates. <br /> This paper presents a potential counterexample to the notion that only one cognitive system can be realized within any single genuine cognitive organism. This counterexample is the octopus, an invertebrate with what initially appears to be paradoxical combination of vertebrate-like cognitive and behavioral capacities and a functionally decentralized nervous system. The extensive relegation of sensorimotor processing and control responsibilities to the peripheral nervous system controlling the arms of the octopus raises principled reasons to believe that the octopus is an organism that may house multiple independent cognitive systems.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="39383773"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="39383773"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 39383773; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=39383773]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=39383773]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 39383773; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='39383773']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 39383773, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=39383773]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":39383773,"title":"Out on a limb?: On multiple cognitive systems within the octopus nervous system","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The idea that there can be only one cognitive system within any single given cognitive organism is an established one within cognitive science and related studies of the mind. The firm foothold of this notion is due largely to the immense corpus of empirical evidence for the correlation of a high level of cognitive sophistication with a centralized nervous system. However, it must be pointed out that these findings are sourced in large part from studies on vertebrates. \n\tThis paper presents a potential counterexample to the notion that only one cognitive system can be realized within any single genuine cognitive organism. This counterexample is the octopus, an invertebrate with what initially appears to be paradoxical combination of vertebrate-like cognitive and behavioral capacities and a functionally decentralized nervous system. The extensive relegation of sensorimotor processing and control responsibilities to the peripheral nervous system controlling the arms of the octopus raises principled reasons to believe that the octopus is an organism that may house multiple independent cognitive systems.\n","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2019,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Philosophical Psychology"},"translated_abstract":"The idea that there can be only one cognitive system within any single given cognitive organism is an established one within cognitive science and related studies of the mind. The firm foothold of this notion is due largely to the immense corpus of empirical evidence for the correlation of a high level of cognitive sophistication with a centralized nervous system. However, it must be pointed out that these findings are sourced in large part from studies on vertebrates. \n\tThis paper presents a potential counterexample to the notion that only one cognitive system can be realized within any single genuine cognitive organism. This counterexample is the octopus, an invertebrate with what initially appears to be paradoxical combination of vertebrate-like cognitive and behavioral capacities and a functionally decentralized nervous system. The extensive relegation of sensorimotor processing and control responsibilities to the peripheral nervous system controlling the arms of the octopus raises principled reasons to believe that the octopus is an organism that may house multiple independent cognitive systems.\n","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/39383773/Out_on_a_limb_On_multiple_cognitive_systems_within_the_octopus_nervous_system","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2019-06-04T21:09:28.593-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":12633690,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Out_on_a_limb_On_multiple_cognitive_systems_within_the_octopus_nervous_system","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":12633690,"first_name":"Sidney","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Carls-Diamante","page_name":"SidneyCarlsDiamante","domain_name":"uni-konstanz","created_at":"2014-06-03T21:53:14.842-07:00","display_name":"Sidney Carls-Diamante","url":"https://uni-konstanz.academia.edu/SidneyCarlsDiamante"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[],"urls":[{"id":8781411,"url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09515089.2019.1585797"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="7572299" id="papers"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="124220579"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/124220579/Atrapado_en_la_incertidumbre_El_procesamiento_predictivo_y_la_inferencia_activa_en_el_comportamiento_procrastinador_del_autismo"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Atrapado en la incertidumbre: El procesamiento predictivo y la inferencia activa en el comportamiento procrastinador del autismo" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/118487792/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/124220579/Atrapado_en_la_incertidumbre_El_procesamiento_predictivo_y_la_inferencia_activa_en_el_comportamiento_procrastinador_del_autismo">Atrapado en la incertidumbre: El procesamiento predictivo y la inferencia activa en el comportamiento procrastinador del autismo</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Lógoi Revista de Filosofía</span><span>, Mar 19, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="554ee9131973b08be3883836a04662dd" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":118487792,"asset_id":124220579,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/118487792/download_file?st=MTczMzA1MzQ3Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzA1MzQ3Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="124220579"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="124220579"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 124220579; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=124220579]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=124220579]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 124220579; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='124220579']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 124220579, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "554ee9131973b08be3883836a04662dd" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=124220579]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":124220579,"title":"Atrapado en la incertidumbre: El procesamiento predictivo y la inferencia activa en el comportamiento procrastinador del autismo","translated_title":"","metadata":{"grobid_abstract":"Un fenómeno a menudo asociado con el autismo es un modo atípico de función ejecutiva, cuyas manifestaciones incluyen dificultad para iniciar tareas. En algunos casos, esto va acompañado de sentimientos de inercia y sensaciones que pueden describirse como inquietud y parálisis simultáneas. En consecuencia, la dificultad para iniciar las tareas puede dar lugar a la procrastinación, ya sea simplemente posponiendo el trabajo en la tarea objetivo o realizando otras tareas no relacionadas antes de dedicarse a la tarea objetivo. Curiosamente, sin embargo, también está documentado que, una vez iniciada una tarea, los autistas pueden centrarse en ella intensamente y durante periodos prolongados de tiempo, especialmente cuando les resulta interesante. Este trabajo utiliza el procesamiento predictivo y la inferencia activa para modelar la relación entre la función ejecutiva, la procrastinación y la hiperfocalización en el autismo. Este modelo integra las causas conocidas y propuestas de los déficits en la función ejecutiva y el papel que desempeña el interés en la regulación de la atención y la motivación. El modelo propone que la procrastinación es el resultado de procesos diferenciales de minimización de errores de predicción, como la ponderación de estímulos sensoriales. Se discuten los vínculos con modelos propuestos previamente, como la coherencia central débil (CCC), y la teoría de los priores altos e inflexibles de los errores de predicción en el autismo (HIPPEA). 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Accordingly, behavioral policies may preferentially rely on new data versus existing knowledge, in a spectrum spanning between novelty and stability. RSBs may then represent compensatory or reactive responses, respectively, at the opposite ends of this spectrum. 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stereotyped behaviors" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/88721319/Repeating_patterns_Predictive_processing_suggests_an_aesthetic_learning_role_of_the_basal_ganglia_in_repetitive_stereotyped_behaviors">Repeating patterns: Predictive processing suggests an aesthetic learning role of the basal ganglia in repetitive stereotyped behaviors</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Frontiers in Psychology</span><span>, Sep 8, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper 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principle (FEP) has focused on how organisms maintain h...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Much of the literature on the free energy principle (FEP) has focused on how organisms maintain homeostasis amidst a constantly changing environment. A fundamental feature of the FEP is that biological entities are “hard-wired” towards self-preservation.However, contrary to this notion, there do exist organisms that appear to seek out rather than avoid conditions that pose an elevated risk of serious injury or death, thereby jeopardizing their physiological integrity. Borrowing a term used in 1990s popular culture to refer to stunt performers like Evel Knievel, these organisms that exhibit such behavioural characteristics can be referred to as daredevils.This paper presents the case of daredevils as a challenge to the FEP’s homeostasis- and optimization-based construal of biological systems. It also introduces three possible explanatory strategies by which the FEP can account for daredevils. The broader objective of the paper is to enhance the FEP’s ability to account for a diverse ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c15630ce2b9a25e946f47f12ca803dd3" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":92637057,"asset_id":88713863,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/92637057/download_file?st=MTczMzA1MzQ3Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzA1MzQ3Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="88713863"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="88713863"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 88713863; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=88713863]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=88713863]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 88713863; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='88713863']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 88713863, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "c15630ce2b9a25e946f47f12ca803dd3" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=88713863]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":88713863,"title":"The argument from Evel (Knievel): daredevils and the free energy principle","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Much of the literature on the free energy principle (FEP) has focused on how organisms maintain homeostasis amidst a constantly changing environment. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="81178256"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/81178256/The_Octopus_Implications_for_Cognitive_Science"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Octopus: Implications for Cognitive Science" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/81178256/The_Octopus_Implications_for_Cognitive_Science">The Octopus: Implications for Cognitive Science</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Octopuses challenge many common assumptions and received views about the relationship between the...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Octopuses challenge many common assumptions and received views about the relationship between the nervous system, cognition, and the mind. Despite the major anatomical and functional differences between the octopus and vertebrate neurocognitive systems—as well as the divergent evolutionary histories of these clades—octopuses have vertebrate-like cognitive and behavioural capacities and even display aspects of putative &quot;mentality&quot; previously thought to be applicable (if at all) only to vertebrates. Octopuses thus raise significant implications for scientific and philosophical studies of the mind, brain, and cognition, e.g., regarding the mechanisms and substrates of cognition, the functions and structure of consciousness, and the implementation of various cognitive routines. Furthermore, the evolutionary and ecological factors that influenced the development of octopus cognition and behaviour warrant a reexamination of presuppositions about how intelligence arises. This pre...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="81178256"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="81178256"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 81178256; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=81178256]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=81178256]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 81178256; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='81178256']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 81178256, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=81178256]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":81178256,"title":"The Octopus: Implications for Cognitive Science","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Octopuses challenge many common assumptions and received views about the relationship between the nervous system, cognition, and the mind. Despite the major anatomical and functional differences between the octopus and vertebrate neurocognitive systems—as well as the divergent evolutionary histories of these clades—octopuses have vertebrate-like cognitive and behavioural capacities and even display aspects of putative \u0026quot;mentality\u0026quot; previously thought to be applicable (if at all) only to vertebrates. Octopuses thus raise significant implications for scientific and philosophical studies of the mind, brain, and cognition, e.g., regarding the mechanisms and substrates of cognition, the functions and structure of consciousness, and the implementation of various cognitive routines. Furthermore, the evolutionary and ecological factors that influenced the development of octopus cognition and behaviour warrant a reexamination of presuppositions about how intelligence arises. This pre...","publisher":"Underline Science Inc.","publication_date":{"day":30,"month":6,"year":2021,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"Octopuses challenge many common assumptions and received views about the relationship between the nervous system, cognition, and the mind. Despite the major anatomical and functional differences between the octopus and vertebrate neurocognitive systems—as well as the divergent evolutionary histories of these clades—octopuses have vertebrate-like cognitive and behavioural capacities and even display aspects of putative \u0026quot;mentality\u0026quot; previously thought to be applicable (if at all) only to vertebrates. Octopuses thus raise significant implications for scientific and philosophical studies of the mind, brain, and cognition, e.g., regarding the mechanisms and substrates of cognition, the functions and structure of consciousness, and the implementation of various cognitive routines. Furthermore, the evolutionary and ecological factors that influenced the development of octopus cognition and behaviour warrant a reexamination of presuppositions about how intelligence arises. This pre...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/81178256/The_Octopus_Implications_for_Cognitive_Science","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-06-10T09:33:53.846-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":12633690,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"The_Octopus_Implications_for_Cognitive_Science","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":12633690,"first_name":"Sidney","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Carls-Diamante","page_name":"SidneyCarlsDiamante","domain_name":"uni-konstanz","created_at":"2014-06-03T21:53:14.842-07:00","display_name":"Sidney Carls-Diamante","url":"https://uni-konstanz.academia.edu/SidneyCarlsDiamante"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="81178231"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/81178231/Where_Is_It_Like_to_Be_an_Octopus"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Where Is It Like to Be an Octopus?" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/87313910/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/81178231/Where_Is_It_Like_to_Be_an_Octopus">Where Is It Like to Be an Octopus?</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The cognitive capacities and behavioural repertoire of octopuses have led to speculation that the...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The cognitive capacities and behavioural repertoire of octopuses have led to speculation that these animals may possess consciousness. However, the nervous system of octopuses is radically different from those typically associated with conscious experience: rather than being centralised and profoundly integrated, the octopus nervous system is distributed into components with considerable functional autonomy from each other. Of particular note is the arm nervous system: when severed, octopus arms still exhibit behaviours that are nearly identical to those exhibited when the animal is intact. Given these factors, there is reason to speculate that if octopuses do possess consciousness, it may be of a form highly dissimilar to familiar models. In particular, it may be that the octopus arm is capable of supporting an idiosyncratic field of consciousness. As such, in addition to the likelihood that there is something it is like to be an octopus, there may also be something it is like to b...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="13da44be0683f9a39c613e40a4b32ffd" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":87313910,"asset_id":81178231,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/87313910/download_file?st=MTczMzA1MzQ3Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzA1MzQ3Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="81178231"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="81178231"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 81178231; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=81178231]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=81178231]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 81178231; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='81178231']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 81178231, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "13da44be0683f9a39c613e40a4b32ffd" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=81178231]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":81178231,"title":"Where Is It Like to Be an Octopus?","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The cognitive capacities and behavioural repertoire of octopuses have led to speculation that these animals may possess consciousness. 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On multiple cognitive systems within the octopus nervous system" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/87313876/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/81178189/Out_on_a_limb_On_multiple_cognitive_systems_within_the_octopus_nervous_system">Out on a limb? On multiple cognitive systems within the octopus nervous system</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Philosophical Psychology</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d7d0286c5e76945ada023e29483c3d51" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":87313876,"asset_id":81178189,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/87313876/download_file?st=MTczMzA1MzQ3Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzA1MzQ3Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="81178189"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="81178189"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 81178189; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=81178189]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=81178189]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 81178189; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='81178189']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 81178189, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "d7d0286c5e76945ada023e29483c3d51" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=81178189]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":81178189,"title":"Out on a limb? On multiple cognitive systems within the octopus nervous system","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Informa UK Limited","grobid_abstract":"The idea that there can be only one cognitive system within any single given cognitive organism is an established albeit implicit one within cognitive science and related studies of the mind. The firm foothold of this notion is due largely to the immense corpus of empirical evidence for the correlation of a high level of cognitive sophistication with a centralized nervous system. However, it must be pointed out that these findings are sourced in large part from studies on vertebrates. This paper presents a potential counterexample to the notion that only one cognitive system can be realized within any single genuine cognitive organism. This counterexample is the octopus, an invertebrate with what initially appears to be a paradoxical combination of vertebrate-like cognitive and behavioral capacities and a functionally decentralized nervous system. The extensive relegation of sensorimotor processing and control responsibilities to the peripheral nervous system which controls the arms of the octopus raises principled reasons to believe that the octopus is an organism that may house multiple independent cognitive systems.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2019,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Philosophical Psychology","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":87313876},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/81178189/Out_on_a_limb_On_multiple_cognitive_systems_within_the_octopus_nervous_system","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-06-10T09:32:05.515-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":12633690,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":87313876,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/87313876/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"09515089.2019.158579720220610-1-6g7hq0.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/87313876/download_file?st=MTczMzA1MzQ3Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzA1MzQ3Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Out_on_a_limb_On_multiple_cognitive_syst.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/87313876/09515089.2019.158579720220610-1-6g7hq0-libre.pdf?1654880404=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DOut_on_a_limb_On_multiple_cognitive_syst.pdf\u0026Expires=1733057077\u0026Signature=EEBClOJCVTe06XhVCaoBGONDUZqD0-xWu85FY-TBWWVNSod482jgAvle39s97uNt3YocAtschykfNjbfBWClwfiqQaDaKkpITgdTPPDlGK1cFM91bg4ty6XfvuL1mvNVBYNj~tH5ptSkwASulP9TFP99B3r0wL1rRuYHdsq3NE8bveysTOnIsWTgxwy5LSTBobZRPepTGikAO~sxVasJSFlpK82TGIHTi8IcHR505MAke9kzN4RL0985NSkh2oEgy9JTAocKgDtxqQzLer5EJMrpQ3Uj84PC3rpEsAo9HsNxba4m77jtXBW7nYVvyRWycIJeGXgURCx9kyndDNoVqw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Out_on_a_limb_On_multiple_cognitive_systems_within_the_octopus_nervous_system","translated_slug":"","page_count":21,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":12633690,"first_name":"Sidney","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Carls-Diamante","page_name":"SidneyCarlsDiamante","domain_name":"uni-konstanz","created_at":"2014-06-03T21:53:14.842-07:00","display_name":"Sidney Carls-Diamante","url":"https://uni-konstanz.academia.edu/SidneyCarlsDiamante"},"attachments":[{"id":87313876,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/87313876/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"09515089.2019.158579720220610-1-6g7hq0.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/87313876/download_file?st=MTczMzA1MzQ3Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzA1MzQ3Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Out_on_a_limb_On_multiple_cognitive_syst.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/87313876/09515089.2019.158579720220610-1-6g7hq0-libre.pdf?1654880404=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DOut_on_a_limb_On_multiple_cognitive_syst.pdf\u0026Expires=1733057077\u0026Signature=EEBClOJCVTe06XhVCaoBGONDUZqD0-xWu85FY-TBWWVNSod482jgAvle39s97uNt3YocAtschykfNjbfBWClwfiqQaDaKkpITgdTPPDlGK1cFM91bg4ty6XfvuL1mvNVBYNj~tH5ptSkwASulP9TFP99B3r0wL1rRuYHdsq3NE8bveysTOnIsWTgxwy5LSTBobZRPepTGikAO~sxVasJSFlpK82TGIHTi8IcHR505MAke9kzN4RL0985NSkh2oEgy9JTAocKgDtxqQzLer5EJMrpQ3Uj84PC3rpEsAo9HsNxba4m77jtXBW7nYVvyRWycIJeGXgURCx9kyndDNoVqw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":161,"name":"Neuroscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroscience"},{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology"},{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science"},{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy"},{"id":868,"name":"Philosophical Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophical_Psychology"}],"urls":[{"id":21297579,"url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09515089.2019.1585797"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); 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dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "8d023ba603e0745bb1e7e94e13c69f34" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=72198095]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":72198095,"title":"Armed With Information: Cognition and Consciousness and the Octopus Nervous System","translated_title":"","metadata":{"grobid_abstract":"The octopus is a fascinating organism which challenges common assumptions regarding the correlation between the nervous system and the mind, especially with regards to the structures of cognition and consciousness. The cognitive and behavioural capacities of octopuses are highly sophisticated and similar to those of many vertebrates, despite the significant anatomical and functional differences between octopus and vertebrate nervous systems. This thesis explores the implications raised by the octopus for a number of issues within the philosophies of mind, cognitive science, and neuroscience. In particular, it demonstrates that the features of the octopus nervous system are such that they preclude plausibly accounting for the animal's psychological characteristics using the standard explanatory tools of mainstream cognitive science. While this thesis takes a theoretical approach to these issues, it also draws extensively on the findings of empirical research on octopuses from neuroscience, psychology, and biology. The investigation first focuses on cognition. Here, the discussions establish the octopus as proof for the ontological diversity of cognitive processes, and proceed to challenge the causal and epistemic frameworks that are widely received in cognitive science. The latter part of the thesis shifts its focus to consciousness. This section presupposes that consciousness exists in octopuses, in order to demonstrate that the structure and adaptive functions of consciousness can differ significantly from those attributed to it by mainstream cognitive science. The overall objective of this project is to show that cognitive science must radically depart from established, vertebrate-based models of cognition if it is to accommodate octopuses, a species-rich invertebrate genus characterized by behavioural and cognitive complexity. The broader significance of addressing the need for new models of cognition lies in expanding the explanatory scope of the cognitive and brain sciences in order to render them more effective at handling forms of intelligence that are unlike those of vertebrates. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS There are as many people who made this thesis possible as the octopus has neurons, and so I believe I am justified in devoting a phone book-length section to extending my sincere thanks to as many of them as I know by name. My deepest gratitude goes out to my supervisors, Stephen Davies and Emily C. Parke, whose incisive feedback, generous help, and unwavering support were essential to reining in an unruly project into a well-behaved thesis. I would like to give my heartfelt thanks to Glenn Carruthers and Anna Bauer, who will undoubtedly find the cardiac reference in this sentence to be the height of irony. Thanks as deep as the abyss go out to David Lewis (not THAT one) and Rosallia Domingo, the best comrades a PhD student can ever have. Profound thanks also go out to Peter Godfrey-Smith and the other examiner of this thesis who chose to remain anonymous. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="49750857"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/49750857/Armed_with_information_chemical_self_recognition_in_the_octopus"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Armed with information: chemical self-recognition in the octopus" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/49750857/Armed_with_information_chemical_self_recognition_in_the_octopus">Armed with information: chemical self-recognition in the octopus</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Adaptive Behavior</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Of the modalities through which self-recognition is believed to be implemented, philosophical lit...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Of the modalities through which self-recognition is believed to be implemented, philosophical literature on the subject is most familiar with vision and interoception. 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However, they are not the only ones: chemoreception is another modality that biologists have found to be a contributor to self-recognition in numerous species, of which arthropods are notable. This article aims to help address the gap between philosophical and biological literature by presenting the octopus as an example of a creature in which peripheral chemoreceptive processes appear to be a significant component of self-recognition. Building on the findings of Nesher et al. that chemical compounds in octopus skin interfere with the behaviour of its suckers, this article proffers an account of how chemoreception may contribute to self-recognition in octopuses.","publisher":"SAGE Publications","publication_name":"Adaptive Behavior"},"translated_abstract":"Of the modalities through which self-recognition is believed to be implemented, philosophical literature on the subject is most familiar with vision and interoception. However, they are not the only ones: chemoreception is another modality that biologists have found to be a contributor to self-recognition in numerous species, of which arthropods are notable. This article aims to help address the gap between philosophical and biological literature by presenting the octopus as an example of a creature in which peripheral chemoreceptive processes appear to be a significant component of self-recognition. Building on the findings of Nesher et al. that chemical compounds in octopus skin interfere with the behaviour of its suckers, this article proffers an account of how chemoreception may contribute to self-recognition in octopuses.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/49750857/Armed_with_information_chemical_self_recognition_in_the_octopus","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2021-07-11T09:50:11.788-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":12633690,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Armed_with_information_chemical_self_recognition_in_the_octopus","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":12633690,"first_name":"Sidney","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Carls-Diamante","page_name":"SidneyCarlsDiamante","domain_name":"uni-konstanz","created_at":"2014-06-03T21:53:14.842-07:00","display_name":"Sidney Carls-Diamante","url":"https://uni-konstanz.academia.edu/SidneyCarlsDiamante"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology"},{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science"},{"id":94035,"name":"Adaptive behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adaptive_behavior"}],"urls":[{"id":10404054,"url":"http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1059712319862253"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="47560307"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/47560307/How_to_operationalise_consciousness"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of How to operationalise consciousness" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/47560307/How_to_operationalise_consciousness">How to operationalise consciousness</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Australian Journal of Psychology</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Objective To review the way consciousness is operationalised in contemporary research, discuss st...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Objective To review the way consciousness is operationalised in contemporary research, discuss strengths and weaknesses of current approaches and propose new measures. Method We first reviewed the literature pertaining to the phenomenal character of visual and self-consciousness as well as awareness of visual stimuli. We also reviewed more problematic cases of dreams and animal consciousness, specifically that of octopuses. Results Despite controversies, work in visual and self consciousness is highly developed and there are notable successes. Cases where experiences are not induced, such as dreams, and where no verbal report is possible, such as when we study purported experiences of octopuses, are more challenging. It is difficult to be confident about the reliability and validity of operationalisations of dreams. Although this is a general concern about the measuring consciousness, it is not a sufficiently severe concern to completely undermine the work reviewed on vision and self-consciousness. It is more difficult to see how the good work on human psychology can be applied to non-human animals, especially those with radically different nervous systems, such as octopuses. Given the limitations of report-based operationalisations of consciousness, it is desirable to develop non-report-based measures, particularly for phenomenal qualities. We examine a number of possibilities and offer two possible approaches of varying degrees of practicality, the first based on combining quality space descriptions of phenomenal qualities and the notion of a “neural activation space” inherited from connectionist A.I., the second being a novel match to target approach Conclusion Consciousness is a multifacted phenomenon and requires a variety of operationalisations to be studied.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="47560307"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="47560307"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 47560307; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=47560307]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=47560307]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 47560307; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='47560307']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 47560307, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=47560307]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":47560307,"title":"How to operationalise consciousness","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Objective To review the way consciousness is operationalised in contemporary research, discuss strengths and weaknesses of current approaches and propose new measures. Method We first reviewed the literature pertaining to the phenomenal character of visual and self-consciousness as well as awareness of visual stimuli. We also reviewed more problematic cases of dreams and animal consciousness, specifically that of octopuses. Results Despite controversies, work in visual and self consciousness is highly developed and there are notable successes. Cases where experiences are not induced, such as dreams, and where no verbal report is possible, such as when we study purported experiences of octopuses, are more challenging. It is difficult to be confident about the reliability and validity of operationalisations of dreams. Although this is a general concern about the measuring consciousness, it is not a sufficiently severe concern to completely undermine the work reviewed on vision and self-consciousness. It is more difficult to see how the good work on human psychology can be applied to non-human animals, especially those with radically different nervous systems, such as octopuses. Given the limitations of report-based operationalisations of consciousness, it is desirable to develop non-report-based measures, particularly for phenomenal qualities. We examine a number of possibilities and offer two possible approaches of varying degrees of practicality, the first based on combining quality space descriptions of phenomenal qualities and the notion of a “neural activation space” inherited from connectionist A.I., the second being a novel match to target approach Conclusion Consciousness is a multifacted phenomenon and requires a variety of operationalisations to be studied.","publisher":"Wiley","publication_name":"Australian Journal of Psychology"},"translated_abstract":"Objective To review the way consciousness is operationalised in contemporary research, discuss strengths and weaknesses of current approaches and propose new measures. Method We first reviewed the literature pertaining to the phenomenal character of visual and self-consciousness as well as awareness of visual stimuli. We also reviewed more problematic cases of dreams and animal consciousness, specifically that of octopuses. Results Despite controversies, work in visual and self consciousness is highly developed and there are notable successes. Cases where experiences are not induced, such as dreams, and where no verbal report is possible, such as when we study purported experiences of octopuses, are more challenging. It is difficult to be confident about the reliability and validity of operationalisations of dreams. Although this is a general concern about the measuring consciousness, it is not a sufficiently severe concern to completely undermine the work reviewed on vision and self-consciousness. It is more difficult to see how the good work on human psychology can be applied to non-human animals, especially those with radically different nervous systems, such as octopuses. Given the limitations of report-based operationalisations of consciousness, it is desirable to develop non-report-based measures, particularly for phenomenal qualities. We examine a number of possibilities and offer two possible approaches of varying degrees of practicality, the first based on combining quality space descriptions of phenomenal qualities and the notion of a “neural activation space” inherited from connectionist A.I., the second being a novel match to target approach Conclusion Consciousness is a multifacted phenomenon and requires a variety of operationalisations to be studied.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/47560307/How_to_operationalise_consciousness","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2021-04-23T03:46:20.178-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":12633690,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"How_to_operationalise_consciousness","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":12633690,"first_name":"Sidney","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Carls-Diamante","page_name":"SidneyCarlsDiamante","domain_name":"uni-konstanz","created_at":"2014-06-03T21:53:14.842-07:00","display_name":"Sidney Carls-Diamante","url":"https://uni-konstanz.academia.edu/SidneyCarlsDiamante"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology"},{"id":236,"name":"Cognitive Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Psychology"},{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science"},{"id":2229,"name":"Vision Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vision_Science"},{"id":2509,"name":"Philosophy Of Mathematics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_Of_Mathematics"},{"id":8779,"name":"Self Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self_Consciousness"},{"id":9040,"name":"Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consciousness"},{"id":20125,"name":"Introspection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Introspection"},{"id":25422,"name":"Dreams","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dreams"},{"id":42173,"name":"Animal Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Consciousness"},{"id":66084,"name":"Octopus behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Octopus_behavior"},{"id":90905,"name":"Phenomenal Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phenomenal_Consciousness"},{"id":197351,"name":"Awareness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Awareness"},{"id":1821207,"name":"Australian Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Australian_Psychology"}],"urls":[{"id":9831750,"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/ajpy.12264"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="39640310"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/39640310/How_to_operationalise_consciousness"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of How to operationalise consciousness" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/39640310/How_to_operationalise_consciousness">How to operationalise consciousness</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://csu-au.academia.edu/GlennCarruthers">Glenn Carruthers</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://uni-konstanz.academia.edu/SidneyCarlsDiamante">Sidney Carls-Diamante</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://au.academia.edu/MelanieRosen">Melanie Rosen</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Australian Journal of Psychology</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Objective To review the way consciousness is operationalised in contemporary research, discuss st...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Objective<br />To review the way consciousness is operationalised in contemporary research, discuss strengths and weaknesses of current approaches and propose new measures.<br />Method<br />We first reviewed the literature pertaining to the phenomenal character of visual and self-consciousness as well as awareness of visual stimuli. We also reviewed more problematic cases of dreams and animal consciousness, specifically that of octopuses.<br />Results<br />Despite controversies, work in visual and self consciousness is highly developed and there are notable successes. Cases where experiences are not induced, such as dreams, and where no verbal report is possible, such as when we study purported experiences of octopuses, are more challenging. It is difficult to be confident about the reliability and validity of operationalisations of dreams. Although this is a general concern about the measuring consciousness, it is not a sufficiently severe concern to completely undermine the work reviewed on vision and self-consciousness. It is more difficult to see how the good work on human psychology can be applied to non-human animals, especially those with radically different nervous systems, such as octopuses. Given the limitations of report-based operationalisations of consciousness, it is desirable to develop non-report-based measures, particularly for phenomenal qualities. We examine a number of possibilities and offer two possible approaches of varying degrees of practicality, the first based on combining quality space descriptions of phenomenal qualities and the notion of a “neural activation space” inherited from connectionist A.I., the second being a novel match to target approach<br />Conclusion<br />Consciousness is a multifacted phenomenon and requires a variety of operationalisations to be studied.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="39640310"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="39640310"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 39640310; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=39640310]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=39640310]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 39640310; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='39640310']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 39640310, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=39640310]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":39640310,"title":"How to operationalise consciousness","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Objective\nTo review the way consciousness is operationalised in contemporary research, discuss strengths and weaknesses of current approaches and propose new measures.\nMethod\nWe first reviewed the literature pertaining to the phenomenal character of visual and self-consciousness as well as awareness of visual stimuli. We also reviewed more problematic cases of dreams and animal consciousness, specifically that of octopuses.\nResults\nDespite controversies, work in visual and self consciousness is highly developed and there are notable successes. Cases where experiences are not induced, such as dreams, and where no verbal report is possible, such as when we study purported experiences of octopuses, are more challenging. It is difficult to be confident about the reliability and validity of operationalisations of dreams. Although this is a general concern about the measuring consciousness, it is not a sufficiently severe concern to completely undermine the work reviewed on vision and self-consciousness. It is more difficult to see how the good work on human psychology can be applied to non-human animals, especially those with radically different nervous systems, such as octopuses. Given the limitations of report-based operationalisations of consciousness, it is desirable to develop non-report-based measures, particularly for phenomenal qualities. We examine a number of possibilities and offer two possible approaches of varying degrees of practicality, the first based on combining quality space descriptions of phenomenal qualities and the notion of a “neural activation space” inherited from connectionist A.I., the second being a novel match to target approach\nConclusion\nConsciousness is a multifacted phenomenon and requires a variety of operationalisations to be studied.\n","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2019,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Australian Journal of Psychology"},"translated_abstract":"Objective\nTo review the way consciousness is operationalised in contemporary research, discuss strengths and weaknesses of current approaches and propose new measures.\nMethod\nWe first reviewed the literature pertaining to the phenomenal character of visual and self-consciousness as well as awareness of visual stimuli. We also reviewed more problematic cases of dreams and animal consciousness, specifically that of octopuses.\nResults\nDespite controversies, work in visual and self consciousness is highly developed and there are notable successes. Cases where experiences are not induced, such as dreams, and where no verbal report is possible, such as when we study purported experiences of octopuses, are more challenging. It is difficult to be confident about the reliability and validity of operationalisations of dreams. Although this is a general concern about the measuring consciousness, it is not a sufficiently severe concern to completely undermine the work reviewed on vision and self-consciousness. It is more difficult to see how the good work on human psychology can be applied to non-human animals, especially those with radically different nervous systems, such as octopuses. Given the limitations of report-based operationalisations of consciousness, it is desirable to develop non-report-based measures, particularly for phenomenal qualities. We examine a number of possibilities and offer two possible approaches of varying degrees of practicality, the first based on combining quality space descriptions of phenomenal qualities and the notion of a “neural activation space” inherited from connectionist A.I., the second being a novel match to target approach\nConclusion\nConsciousness is a multifacted phenomenon and requires a variety of operationalisations to be studied.\n","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/39640310/How_to_operationalise_consciousness","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2019-06-19T23:27:04.139-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":35388,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":32750383,"work_id":39640310,"tagging_user_id":35388,"tagged_user_id":12633690,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"s***e@gmail.com","affiliation":"Universität Konstanz","display_order":0,"name":"Sidney Carls-Diamante","title":"How to operationalise consciousness"},{"id":32750384,"work_id":39640310,"tagging_user_id":35388,"tagged_user_id":6172,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"l***g@gmail.com","affiliation":"The University of Hong Kong","display_order":4194304,"name":"Linus Huang","title":"How to operationalise consciousness"},{"id":32750385,"work_id":39640310,"tagging_user_id":35388,"tagged_user_id":220950,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"m***n@gmail.com","affiliation":"Aarhus University","display_order":6291456,"name":"Melanie Rosen","title":"How to operationalise consciousness"},{"id":32750386,"work_id":39640310,"tagging_user_id":35388,"tagged_user_id":1230694,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"l***r@gmail.com","affiliation":"Macquarie University","display_order":7340032,"name":"Elizabeth Schier","title":"How to operationalise consciousness"}],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"How_to_operationalise_consciousness","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":35388,"first_name":"Glenn","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Carruthers","page_name":"GlennCarruthers","domain_name":"csu-au","created_at":"2009-03-16T19:12:56.366-07:00","display_name":"Glenn Carruthers","url":"https://csu-au.academia.edu/GlennCarruthers"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":2229,"name":"Vision Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vision_Science"},{"id":9040,"name":"Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consciousness"},{"id":20125,"name":"Introspection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Introspection"},{"id":25422,"name":"Dreams","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dreams"},{"id":41123,"name":"Self-Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self-Consciousness"},{"id":42173,"name":"Animal Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Consciousness"},{"id":66084,"name":"Octopus behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Octopus_behavior"},{"id":90905,"name":"Phenomenal Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phenomenal_Consciousness"},{"id":197351,"name":"Awareness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Awareness"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="39383852"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/39383852/Make_up_your_mind_Octopus_cognition_and_hybrid_explanations"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Make up your mind: Octopus cognition and hybrid explanations" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/39383852/Make_up_your_mind_Octopus_cognition_and_hybrid_explanations">Make up your mind: Octopus cognition and hybrid explanations</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Synthese</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In order to argue that cognitive science should be more accepting of explanatory plurality, this ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In order to argue that cognitive science should be more accepting of explanatory plurality, this paper presents the control of fetching movements in the octopus as an exemplar of a cognitive process that comprises distinct and non-redundant representation-using and non-representational elements. Fetching is a type of movement that representational analyses can normally account for completely—but not in the case of the octopus. Instead, a comprehensive account of octopus fetching requires the non-overlapping use of both representational and non-representational explanatory frameworks. What this need for a pluralistic or hybrid explanation implies is that cognitive science should be more open to using both representational and non-representational accounts of cognition, depending on their respective appropriateness to the type of cognition in question.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="39383852"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="39383852"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 39383852; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=39383852]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=39383852]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 39383852; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='39383852']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 39383852, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=39383852]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":39383852,"title":"Make up your mind: Octopus cognition and hybrid explanations","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.1007/s11229-019-02102-2","abstract":"In order to argue that cognitive science should be more accepting of explanatory plurality, this paper presents the control of fetching movements in the octopus as an exemplar of a cognitive process that comprises distinct and non-redundant representation-using and non-representational elements. 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The firm foothold of this notion is due largely to the immense corpus of empirical evidence for the correlation of a high level of cognitive sophistication with a centralized nervous system. However, it must be pointed out that these findings are sourced in large part from studies on vertebrates. <br /> This paper presents a potential counterexample to the notion that only one cognitive system can be realized within any single genuine cognitive organism. This counterexample is the octopus, an invertebrate with what initially appears to be paradoxical combination of vertebrate-like cognitive and behavioral capacities and a functionally decentralized nervous system. The extensive relegation of sensorimotor processing and control responsibilities to the peripheral nervous system controlling the arms of the octopus raises principled reasons to believe that the octopus is an organism that may house multiple independent cognitive systems.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="39383773"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="39383773"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 39383773; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=39383773]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=39383773]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 39383773; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='39383773']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 39383773, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=39383773]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":39383773,"title":"Out on a limb?: On multiple cognitive systems within the octopus nervous system","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The idea that there can be only one cognitive system within any single given cognitive organism is an established one within cognitive science and related studies of the mind. 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