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Donbass - Wikipedia

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mw-portlet-Comunità" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Comunità </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portale:Comunit%C3%A0" title="Descrizione del progetto, cosa puoi fare, dove trovare le cose"><span>Portale Comunità</span></a></li><li id="n-villagepump" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bar"><span>Bar</span></a></li><li id="n-wikipediano" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipediano"><span>Il Wikipediano</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contatti"><span>Contatti</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Pagina_principale" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" 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class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspetto"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Modifica la dimensione, la larghezza e il colore del testo" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aspetto" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aspetto</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_it.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=it" class=""><span>Fai una donazione</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:CreaUtenza&amp;returnto=Donbass" title="Si consiglia di registrarsi e di effettuare l&#039;accesso, anche se non è obbligatorio" class=""><span>registrati</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Entra&amp;returnto=Donbass" title="Si consiglia di effettuare l&#039;accesso, anche se non è obbligatorio [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>entra</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Altre opzioni" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Strumenti personali" > <label 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href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:CreaUtenza&amp;returnto=Donbass" title="Si consiglia di registrarsi e di effettuare l&#039;accesso, anche se non è obbligatorio"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>registrati</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Entra&amp;returnto=Donbass" title="Si consiglia di effettuare l&#039;accesso, anche se non è obbligatorio [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>entra</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagine per utenti anonimi <a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Benvenuto" aria-label="Ulteriori informazioni sulla contribuzione"><span>ulteriori informazioni</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> 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data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Indice</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inizio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Origine_del_nome" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origine_del_nome"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Origine del nome</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origine_del_nome-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Territorio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Territorio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Territorio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Territorio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Storia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Storia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Storia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Storia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Storia</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Storia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Antichità" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antichità"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Antichità</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antichità-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medioevo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medioevo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Medioevo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medioevo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russia_e_insediamenti_cosacchi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russia_e_insediamenti_cosacchi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Russia e insediamenti cosacchi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russia_e_insediamenti_cosacchi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Era_sovietica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Era_sovietica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Era sovietica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Era_sovietica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-La_guerra_del_Donbass" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_guerra_del_Donbass"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>La guerra del Donbass</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_guerra_del_Donbass-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Società" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Società"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Società</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Società-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Società</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Società-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Evoluzione_demografica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Evoluzione_demografica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Evoluzione demografica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Evoluzione_demografica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Città_e_aree_urbane" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Città_e_aree_urbane"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Città e aree urbane</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Città_e_aree_urbane-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Etnie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etnie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Etnie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etnie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lingue" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lingue"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Lingue</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lingue-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Economia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Economia</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Miniere" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Miniere"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Miniere</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Miniere-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Industria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Industria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voci_correlate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voci_correlate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Voci correlate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voci_correlate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l&#039;indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l&#039;indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Donbass</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un&#039;altra lingua. Disponibile in 73 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-73" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">73 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donbas" title="Donbas - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Donbas" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donezbecken" title="Donezbecken - tedesco svizzero" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Donezbecken" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="tedesco svizzero" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="دونباس - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دونباس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conca_del_Donets" title="Conca del Donets - asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Conca del Donets" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="دونباس - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="دونباس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Данбас - bielorusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Данбас" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Данбас - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Данбас" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Донбас - bulgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Донбас" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8" title="डोनबास - Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="डोनबास" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8" title="দোনবাস - bengalese" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="দোনবাস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donbas" title="Donbas - bretone" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Donbas" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donbas" title="Donbas - bosniaco" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Donbas" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donb%C3%A0s" title="Donbàs - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Donbàs" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%86%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="دۆنباس - curdo centrale" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دۆنباس" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="curdo centrale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donbas" title="Donbas - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Donbas" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y_Donbas" title="Y Donbas - gallese" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Y Donbas" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donbass" title="Donbass - danese" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Donbass" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donezbecken" title="Donezbecken - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Donezbecken" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%AC%CF%82" title="Ντονμπάς - greco" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ντονμπάς" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donbas" title="Donbas - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Donbas" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donecka_baseno" title="Donecka baseno - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Donecka baseno" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domb%C3%A1s" title="Dombás - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Dombás" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donetsi_s%C3%B6ebassein" title="Donetsi söebassein - estone" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Donetsi söebassein" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donbass" title="Donbass - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Donbass" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="دونباس - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دونباس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donetsin_allas" title="Donetsin allas - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Donetsin allas" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donbass" title="Donbass - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Donbass" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donbas" title="Donbas - mannese" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Donbas" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="mannese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%91%D7%90%D7%A1" title="דונבאס - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דונבאס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8" title="डोनबास - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="डोनबास" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donbas" title="Donbas - croato" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Donbas" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donyec-medence" title="Donyec-medence - ungherese" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Donyec-medence" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungherese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donbas" title="Donbas - interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Donbas" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donbas" title="Donbas - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Donbas" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baseno_di_Doneck" title="Baseno di Doneck - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Baseno di Doneck" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donbas" title="Donbas - islandese" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Donbas" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%89%E3%83%B3%E3%83%90%E3%82%B9" title="ドンバス - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ドンバス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%88%EB%B0%94%EC%8A%A4" title="돈바스 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="돈바스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donbas" title="Donbas - curdo" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Donbas" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curdo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donbass" title="Donbass - limburghese" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Donbass" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donbass" title="Donbass - lombardo" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Donbass" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%AA" title="ດອນບັສ - lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ດອນບັສ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donbasas" title="Donbasas - lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Donbasas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donbass" title="Donbass - lettone" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Donbass" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donbass" title="Donbass - malgascio" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Donbass" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgascio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donbas" title="Donbas - malese" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Donbas" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donetsbekken" title="Donetsbekken - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Donetsbekken" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donetsbekkenet" title="Donetsbekkenet - norvegese nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Donetsbekkenet" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegese nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donbas" title="Donbas - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Donbas" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donbas" title="Donbas - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Donbas" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="دونباس - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="دونباس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="دونباس - pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="دونباس" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacia_do_Donets" title="Bacia do Donets - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bacia do Donets" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donbas" title="Donbas - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Donbas" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81" title="Донбасс - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Донбасс" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donbass" title="Donbass - siciliano" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Donbass" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donbas" title="Donbas - serbo-croato" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Donbas" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donbas" title="Donbas - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Donbas" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donbas" title="Donbas - sloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Donbas" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donbasi" title="Donbasi - albanese" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Donbasi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Донбас - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Донбас" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donetsb%C3%A4ckenet" title="Donetsbäckenet - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Donetsbäckenet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D" title="தொன்பாஸ் - tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தொன்பாஸ்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA" title="ดอนบัส - thailandese" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ดอนบัส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donbas" title="Donbas - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Donbas" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81" title="Донбасс - tataro" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Донбасс" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tataro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Донбас - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Донбас" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="دونباس - urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="دونباس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donbass" title="Donbass - uzbeco" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Donbass" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donbas" title="Donbas - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Donbas" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A1%BF%E5%B7%B4%E6%96%AF" title="顿巴斯 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="顿巴斯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A0%93%E5%B7%B4%E6%96%AF" title="頓巴斯 - cinese classico" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="頓巴斯" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="cinese classico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A0%93%E5%B7%B4%E6%96%AF" title="頓巴斯 - cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="頓巴斯" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q605714#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica collegamenti interlinguistici" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica collegamenti</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespace"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Donbass" title="Vedi la voce [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Voce</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussione:Donbass" rel="discussion" title="Vedi le discussioni 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data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Strumenti</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Altre opzioni" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Azioni </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Donbass"><span>Leggi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donbass&amp;veaction=edit" title="Modifica questa pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donbass&amp;action=edit" title="Modifica il wikitesto di questa pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica wikitesto</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donbass&amp;action=history"><span>Cronologia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generale </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:PuntanoQui/Donbass" title="Elenco di tutte le pagine che sono collegate a questa [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Puntano qui</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:ModificheCorrelate/Donbass" rel="nofollow" title="Elenco delle ultime modifiche alle pagine collegate a questa [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Modifiche correlate</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:PagineSpeciali" title="Elenco di tutte le pagine speciali [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pagine speciali</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donbass&amp;oldid=142099919" title="Collegamento permanente a questa versione di questa pagina"><span>Link permanente</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donbass&amp;action=info" title="Ulteriori informazioni su questa pagina"><span>Informazioni pagina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Cita&amp;page=Donbass&amp;id=142099919&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informazioni su come citare questa pagina"><span>Cita questa voce</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:UrlShortener&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fit.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FDonbass"><span>Ottieni URL breve</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:QrCode&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fit.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FDonbass"><span>Scarica codice QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Stampa/esporta </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Libro&amp;bookcmd=book_creator&amp;referer=Donbass"><span>Crea un libro</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=Donbass&amp;action=show-download-screen"><span>Scarica come PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donbass&amp;printable=yes" title="Versione stampabile di questa pagina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versione stampabile</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In altri progetti </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Donbas" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q605714" title="Collegamento all&#039;elemento connesso dell&#039;archivio dati [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Elemento Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Strumenti pagine"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspetto"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspetto</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Da Wikipedia, l&#039;enciclopedia libera.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r133964453">.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-text-div>div,.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-text-full-div>div{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-image{flex-basis:52px;flex-grow:0;flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-text-full-div .hide-when-compact{display:block}</style><div style="" class="ambox metadata noprint plainlinks avviso avviso-statico"> <div class="avviso-immagine mbox-image noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ambox_currentevent.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="In corso"><img alt="In corso" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Ambox_currentevent.svg/50px-Ambox_currentevent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Ambox_currentevent.svg/75px-Ambox_currentevent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Ambox_currentevent.svg/100px-Ambox_currentevent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></a></span></div> <div class="avviso-testo mbox-text"> <div class="mbox-text-div"><b>Questa voce o sezione tratta di un <a href="/wiki/Categoria:Eventi_in_corso" title="Categoria:Eventi in corso">evento ad alta visibilità</a> appena avvenuto e/o <a href="/wiki/Aiuto:FAQ/Cosa#Wikipedia_è_un_giornale?" title="Aiuto:FAQ/Cosa">con sviluppi in corso</a></b>. <div class="hide-when-compact"> <div class="noprint"><hr />Le informazioni non sono consolidate e potrebbero cambiare rapidamente. In ogni caso, <b>prima di inserire informazioni</b>, si raccomanda di proporle nella <a href="/wiki/Discussione:Donbass" title="Discussione:Donbass">pagina di discussione della voce</a>, evitando <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cosa_Wikipedia_non_%C3%A8#Wikipedia_non_è_una_sfera_di_cristallo" title="Wikipedia:Cosa Wikipedia non è">supposizioni</a>, congetture e ipotesi personali.</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <table class="infobox sinottico" summary="Tabella sinottica che riassume i principali dati del soggetto"><tbody><tr class="sinottico_testata"><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#FFDD88;">Donbass</th></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0_01.jpg/260px-%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0_01.jpg/390px-%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0_01.jpg/520px-%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4184" data-file-height="2789" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure>Il fiume <a href="/wiki/Donec" title="Donec">Donec</a> nel <a href="/wiki/Distretto_di_Kramators%27k" title="Distretto di Kramators&#39;k">distretto di Kramators'k</a> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Stato" title="Stato">Stati</a></th><td><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Ukraine.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ucraina (bandiera)"><img alt="Ucraina (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/20px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/30px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/40px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Ucraina" title="Ucraina">Ucraina</a>&#32;<small>(<span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Russia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Russia (bandiera)"><img alt="Russia (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> <i>de facto</i>)</small> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Regione_amministrativa" title="Regione amministrativa">Regioni</a></th><td><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Donetsk_Oblast.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Donec&#39;k"><img alt="&#160;" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_Donetsk_Oblast.svg/20px-Flag_of_Donetsk_Oblast.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_Donetsk_Oblast.svg/30px-Flag_of_Donetsk_Oblast.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_Donetsk_Oblast.svg/40px-Flag_of_Donetsk_Oblast.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Oblast%27_di_Donec%27k" title="Oblast&#39; di Donec&#39;k">Donec'k</a><br /><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Luhansk_Oblast.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Luhans&#39;k"><img alt="&#160;" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Luhansk_Oblast.svg/20px-Flag_of_Luhansk_Oblast.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Luhansk_Oblast.svg/30px-Flag_of_Luhansk_Oblast.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Luhansk_Oblast.svg/40px-Flag_of_Luhansk_Oblast.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Oblast%27_di_Luhans%27k" title="Oblast&#39; di Luhans&#39;k">Luhans'k</a> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Territorio" title="Territorio">Territorio</a></th><td>Gli <a href="/wiki/Oblast%27_di_Donec%27k" title="Oblast&#39; di Donec&#39;k">oblast' di Donec'k</a> e <a href="/wiki/Oblast%27_di_Luhans%27k" title="Oblast&#39; di Luhans&#39;k">Luhans'k</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Capoluogo" title="Capoluogo">Capoluogo</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Donec%27k" title="Donec&#39;k">Donec'k</a> <small>(città principale)</small> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Area" title="Area">Superficie</a></th><td>51&#160;368&#160;<a href="/wiki/Chilometro_quadrato" title="Chilometro quadrato">km²</a> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Popolazione" title="Popolazione">Abitanti</a></th><td>6&#160;675&#160;854&#160;<small>(2012)</small> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Densit%C3%A0_di_popolazione" title="Densità di popolazione">Densità</a></th><td>130&#160;ab./km² </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Lingua_(linguistica)" title="Lingua (linguistica)">Lingue</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Lingua_russa" title="Lingua russa">russo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lingua_ucraina" title="Lingua ucraina">ucraino</a> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Fuso_orario" title="Fuso orario">Fusi orari</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B3" title="UTC+3">UTC+3</a> </td></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Donetsian_Region_in_Ukraine_(claims_hatched).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Donetsian_Region_in_Ukraine_%28claims_hatched%29.svg/260px-Donetsian_Region_in_Ukraine_%28claims_hatched%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Donetsian_Region_in_Ukraine_%28claims_hatched%29.svg/390px-Donetsian_Region_in_Ukraine_%28claims_hatched%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Donetsian_Region_in_Ukraine_%28claims_hatched%29.svg/520px-Donetsian_Region_in_Ukraine_%28claims_hatched%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1547" data-file-height="1041" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure>Gli oblast' di Donec'k e Luhans'k in Ucraina </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Il <b>Donbass</b> (in&#160;<a href="/wiki/Lingua_russa" title="Lingua russa">russo</a> <span dir="ltr" lang="ru">Донба́сс</span><span style="font:bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration:none; padding:0 .1em;"><sup><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Cirillico" title="Aiuto:Cirillico">?</a></sup></span>, <i>Donbass</i>) o <b>Donbas</b> (in&#160;<a href="/wiki/Lingua_ucraina" title="Lingua ucraina">ucraino</a> <span dir="ltr" lang="uk">Донба́с</span><span style="font:bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration:none; padding:0 .1em;"><sup><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Cirillico" title="Aiuto:Cirillico">?</a></sup></span>, <i>Donbas</i>), contrazione di <i>Doneckij bassejn</i> (<abbr title="letteralmente">lett.</abbr>&#32;"bacino del Donec"), è una <a href="/wiki/Regione_geografica" title="Regione geografica">regione geografica</a> dell'<a href="/wiki/Europa_orientale" title="Europa orientale">Europa orientale</a>. Corrisponde grossomodo al territorio delle <a href="/wiki/Oblast%27_di_Donec%27k" title="Oblast&#39; di Donec&#39;k">oblast' di Donec'k</a> e <a href="/wiki/Oblast%27_di_Luhans%27k" title="Oblast&#39; di Luhans&#39;k">Luhans'k</a>, nell'Ucraina sud-orientale<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> (dal 2014 in gran parte sotto il controllo della <a href="/wiki/Repubblica_Popolare_di_Doneck" title="Repubblica Popolare di Doneck">Repubblica Popolare di Doneck</a> e <a href="/wiki/Repubblica_Popolare_di_Lugansk" title="Repubblica Popolare di Lugansk">Lugansk</a>, nel 2022 annesse alla <a href="/wiki/Federazione_Russa" class="mw-redirect" title="Federazione Russa">Federazione Russa</a>), estendendosi fino alle città minerarie più occidentali dell'<a href="/wiki/Oblast%27_di_Rostov" title="Oblast&#39; di Rostov">oblast' di Rostov</a> (Russia).<sup id="cite_ref-:2_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Il territorio del Donbass è una <a href="/wiki/Steppe_pontico-caspiche" title="Steppe pontico-caspiche">steppa</a> attraversata da ovest a est dal fiume <a href="/wiki/Donec" title="Donec">Donec</a> e caratterizzata dalla presenza delle <a href="/wiki/Alture_del_Donec" title="Alture del Donec">omonime alture</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>I centri più significativi sono <a href="/wiki/Donec%27k" title="Donec&#39;k">Donec'k</a>, Mariupol' e Luhans'k, nelle cui aree è particolarmente sviluppata l'<a href="/wiki/Industria_pesante" class="mw-redirect" title="Industria pesante">industria pesante</a> e l'estrazione mineraria. Il Donbass è caratterizzato da una popolazione a <a href="/wiki/Lingua_russa_in_Ucraina" title="Lingua russa in Ucraina">maggioranza russofona</a> etnicamente composta da Ucraini e <a href="/wiki/Russi" title="Russi">Russi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> A partire dal 2014 la regione è <a href="/wiki/Guerra_del_Donbass" title="Guerra del Donbass">contesa</a> tra il governo ucraino e le repubbliche separatiste di <a href="/wiki/Repubblica_Popolare_di_Doneck" title="Repubblica Popolare di Doneck">Doneck</a> e <a href="/wiki/Repubblica_Popolare_di_Lugansk" title="Repubblica Popolare di Lugansk">Lugansk</a>, annesse dalla <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> nell'ambito dell'<a href="/wiki/Invasione_russa_dell%27Ucraina_del_2022" title="Invasione russa dell&#39;Ucraina del 2022">invasione russa dell'Ucraina del 2022</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origine_del_nome">Origine del nome</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donbass&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Origine del nome" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donbass&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Origine del nome"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il <a href="/wiki/Toponimo" title="Toponimo">toponimo</a> <i>Donbass</i> è una <a href="/wiki/Parola_macedonia" title="Parola macedonia">parola macedonia</a> formata dai due termini della locuzione <i>Doneckij bassejn</i> (in&#160;<a href="/wiki/Lingua_russa" title="Lingua russa">russo</a> <span dir="ltr" lang="ru">Доне́цкий бассе́йн</span><span style="font:bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration:none; padding:0 .1em;"><sup><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Cirillico" title="Aiuto:Cirillico">?</a></sup></span>), in italiano <i>bacino del Donec</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Questa espressione si riferisce in particolare al <a href="/wiki/Bacino_carbonifero_del_Donec" title="Bacino carbonifero del Donec">bacino carbonifero del Donec</a> (in&#160;<a href="/wiki/Lingua_russa" title="Lingua russa">russo</a> <span dir="ltr" lang="ru">Донецкий угольный бассейн</span><span style="font:bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration:none; padding:0 .1em;"><sup><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Cirillico" title="Aiuto:Cirillico">?</a></sup></span>, <i>Doneckij ugol'nyj bassejn</i>) un giacimento di <a href="/wiki/Carbone" title="Carbone">carbone</a> presente nel <a href="/wiki/Bacino_idrografico" title="Bacino idrografico">bacino idrografico</a> del fiume Donec, che in Ucraina si estende principalmente negli <a href="/wiki/Oblast%27_di_Donec%27k" title="Oblast&#39; di Donec&#39;k">oblast' di Donec'k</a> e <a href="/wiki/Oblast%27_di_Luhans%27k" title="Oblast&#39; di Luhans&#39;k">Luhans'k</a>, arrivando fino quelli di <a href="/wiki/Oblast%27_di_Dnipropetrovs%27k" title="Oblast&#39; di Dnipropetrovs&#39;k">Dnipropetrovs'k</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oblast%27_di_Charkiv" title="Oblast&#39; di Charkiv">Charkiv</a> e <a href="/wiki/Oblast%27_di_Poltava" title="Oblast&#39; di Poltava">Poltava</a>, mentre in <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> occupa la parte occidentale dell'<a href="/wiki/Oblast%27_di_Rostov" title="Oblast&#39; di Rostov">oblast' di Rostov</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Territorio">Territorio</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donbass&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Territorio" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donbass&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Territorio"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ukraine_Donetsk_Oblast_Spoil_tip_IMG_1819_1725.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Ukraine_Donetsk_Oblast_Spoil_tip_IMG_1819_1725.jpg/220px-Ukraine_Donetsk_Oblast_Spoil_tip_IMG_1819_1725.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Ukraine_Donetsk_Oblast_Spoil_tip_IMG_1819_1725.jpg/330px-Ukraine_Donetsk_Oblast_Spoil_tip_IMG_1819_1725.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Ukraine_Donetsk_Oblast_Spoil_tip_IMG_1819_1725.jpg/440px-Ukraine_Donetsk_Oblast_Spoil_tip_IMG_1819_1725.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2588" data-file-height="1725" /></a><figcaption>Cumuli di terra nel <a href="/wiki/Distretto_di_Horlivka" title="Distretto di Horlivka">distretto di Horlivka</a> dovuti all'estrazione mineraria</figcaption></figure> <p>Il Donbass è una regione dell'<a href="/wiki/Ucraina" title="Ucraina">Ucraina</a> sud-orientale i cui confini sono definiti dagli <a href="/wiki/Oblast%27_di_Donec%27k" title="Oblast&#39; di Donec&#39;k">oblast' di Donec'k</a> e <a href="/wiki/Oblast%27_di_Luhans%27k" title="Oblast&#39; di Luhans&#39;k">Luhans'k</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> si parla in questo caso di Vecchio Donbass (in&#160;<a href="/wiki/Lingua_ucraina" title="Lingua ucraina">ucraino</a> <span dir="ltr" lang="uk">Старим Донбасом</span><span style="font:bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration:none; padding:0 .1em;"><sup><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Cirillico" title="Aiuto:Cirillico">?</a></sup></span>, <i>Starym Donbasom</i>) includendo anche le città minerarie più occidentali dell'<a href="/wiki/Oblast%27_di_Rostov" title="Oblast&#39; di Rostov">oblast' di Rostov</a> in <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>. Il Donbass può però essere allargato anche a tutte le altre città a vocazione mineraria del <a href="/wiki/Bacino_carbonifero_del_Donec" title="Bacino carbonifero del Donec">bacino carbonifero del Donec</a>, si parla quindi in questo caso di Grande Donbass (in&#160;<a href="/wiki/Lingua_ucraina" title="Lingua ucraina">ucraino</a> <span dir="ltr" lang="uk">Великий Донбас</span><span style="font:bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration:none; padding:0 .1em;"><sup><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Cirillico" title="Aiuto:Cirillico">?</a></sup></span>, <i>Velykyj Donbas</i>). Il Grande Donbass si compone del Vecchio Donbass e del Nuovo Donbass (in&#160;<a href="/wiki/Lingua_ucraina" title="Lingua ucraina">ucraino</a> <span dir="ltr" lang="uk">Новий Донбас</span><span style="font:bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration:none; padding:0 .1em;"><sup><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Cirillico" title="Aiuto:Cirillico">?</a></sup></span>, <i>Novyj Donbas</i>) che comprende a occidente (Donbass occidentale) gli <a href="/wiki/Oblast%27_di_Dnipropetrovs%27k" title="Oblast&#39; di Dnipropetrovs&#39;k">oblast' di Dnipropetrovs'k</a> e <a href="/wiki/Oblast%27_di_Charkiv" title="Oblast&#39; di Charkiv">Charkiv</a> fino alle città di <a href="/wiki/Novomoskovs%27k" title="Novomoskovs&#39;k">Novomoskovs'k</a> a est e <a href="/wiki/Charkiv" title="Charkiv">Charkiv</a> a nord, mentre a oriente (Donbass orientale) in <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> include tutto l'<a href="/wiki/Oblast%27_di_Rostov" title="Oblast&#39; di Rostov">oblast' di Rostov</a> fino a <a href="/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd">Volgograd</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Donets_coal_basin_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Donets_coal_basin_map.svg/langit-220px-Donets_coal_basin_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Donets_coal_basin_map.svg/langit-330px-Donets_coal_basin_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Donets_coal_basin_map.svg/langit-440px-Donets_coal_basin_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2394" data-file-height="1476" /></a><figcaption>Mappa del <a href="/wiki/Bacino_carbonifero_del_Donec" title="Bacino carbonifero del Donec">bacino carbonifero del Donec</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Il territorio del Donbass rientra in larga parte nel <a href="/wiki/Bacino_idrografico" title="Bacino idrografico">bacino idrografico</a> del fiume Donec, che taglia la regione da ovest a est, mentre nelle zone sud-occidentali rientra nel bacino idrografico del <a href="/wiki/Dnepr" title="Dnepr">Dnepr</a>. Il paesaggio è <a href="/wiki/Collina" title="Collina">collinare</a>, ricco di piccole valli e caratterizzato dalla presenza delle <a href="/wiki/Alture_del_Donec" title="Alture del Donec">alture del Donec</a>, il punto più elevato della regione è a <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002369000000000000♠"></span>369&#160;<a href="/wiki/Livello_del_mare" title="Livello del mare">m s.l.m.</a></span> L'ambiente è stato pesantemente modificato dalle attività antropiche, sono infatti presenti numerosi canali di irrigazione e grandi cumuli di rocce e terra generati dall'intensa estrazione mineraria della zona. Dal punto di vista geologico la regione si trova su <a href="/wiki/Strato_(geologia)" title="Strato (geologia)">strati</a> risalenti al <a href="/wiki/Carbonifero" title="Carbonifero">Carbonifero</a> e che costituiscono appunto il <a href="/wiki/Bacino_carbonifero_del_Donec" title="Bacino carbonifero del Donec">bacino carbonifero del Donec</a>. Il <a href="/wiki/Bioma" title="Bioma">bioma</a> che caratterizza il Donbass sono le <a href="/wiki/Steppe_pontico-caspiche" title="Steppe pontico-caspiche">steppe pontico-caspiche</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Storia">Storia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donbass&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Storia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donbass&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Storia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antichità"><span id="Antichit.C3.A0"></span>Antichità</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donbass&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Antichità" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donbass&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Antichità"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD,_%D1%81._%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%80%D1%8E%D0%BA,_%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD,_1,7_%D0%BA%D0%BC_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%85%D1%96%D0%B4_%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0_(%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0_%C2%AB%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0%C2%BB,_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD_1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%2C_%D1%81._%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%80%D1%8E%D0%BA%2C_%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%2C_1%2C7_%D0%BA%D0%BC_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%85%D1%96%D0%B4_%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0_%28%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0_%C2%AB%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0%C2%BB%2C_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD_1%29.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%2C_%D1%81._%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%80%D1%8E%D0%BA%2C_%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%2C_1%2C7_%D0%BA%D0%BC_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%85%D1%96%D0%B4_%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0_%28%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0_%C2%AB%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0%C2%BB%2C_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD_1%29.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%2C_%D1%81._%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%80%D1%8E%D0%BA%2C_%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%2C_1%2C7_%D0%BA%D0%BC_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%85%D1%96%D0%B4_%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0_%28%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0_%C2%AB%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0%C2%BB%2C_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD_1%29.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="3120" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kurgan_scita" title="Kurgan scita">Kurgan scita</a> a <a href="/wiki/Temrjuk" title="Temrjuk">Temrjuk</a> nell'oblast' di Donec'k</figcaption></figure> <p>Interessata nell'<a href="/wiki/Et%C3%A0_del_rame" title="Età del rame">età del rame</a> dalla <a href="/wiki/Cultura_di_Jamna" title="Cultura di Jamna">Cultura di Jamna</a> e nella prima fase dell'<a href="/wiki/Et%C3%A0_del_bronzo" title="Età del bronzo">età del bronzo</a> dalla <a href="/wiki/Cultura_delle_catacombe" title="Cultura delle catacombe">cultura delle catacombe</a>, il territorio corrisponde indicativamente, seppur con alcune differenze, a quello occupato nell'antichità dalla <a href="/wiki/Meozia" title="Meozia">Meozia</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> di origini dibattute tra <a href="/wiki/Sarmati" title="Sarmati">sarmatiche</a> e <a href="/wiki/Sciti" title="Sciti">scitiche</a>. Presso l'oblast' di Donec'k furono rinvenuti diversi <a href="/wiki/Kurgan_scita" title="Kurgan scita">kurgan sciti</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> mentre le coste meridionali del mar d'Azov, fino alla foce del Don, furono colonizzate dai <a href="/wiki/Greci" title="Greci">Greci</a> attorno al 600 a.C., dove gli <a href="/wiki/Sciti" title="Sciti">Sciti</a> <a href="/wiki/Ellenizzazione" title="Ellenizzazione">ellenizzati</a> diedero vita al <a href="/wiki/Regno_del_Bosforo_Cimmerio" title="Regno del Bosforo Cimmerio">Regno del Bosforo Cimmerio</a>. </p><p>Nel 513 a.C. i territori a nord della Crimea furono oggetto di una campagna militare da parte di <a href="/wiki/Dario_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Dario I">Dario I</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> con lo scopo di porre fine alla minaccia delle tribù nomadi <a href="/wiki/Sciti" title="Sciti">scitiche</a>, le cui incursioni si erano spinte fino alla Media, nell'<a href="/wiki/Impero_achemenide" title="Impero achemenide">Impero achemenide</a>. Il suo generale Megabazus descrive la regione come priva di città da conquistare o di terreni coltivati.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>L'<a href="/wiki/Etnografia" title="Etnografia">etnografia</a> romana collocava nei territori a nord del <a href="/wiki/Mar_d%27Azov" title="Mar d&#39;Azov">mar d'Azov</a> la patria originaria della tribù <a href="/wiki/Sarmati" title="Sarmati">sarmata</a> dei <a href="/wiki/Roxolani" title="Roxolani">Roxolani</a>, che lo storico greco-romano <a href="/wiki/Strabone" title="Strabone">Strabone</a> descrive come nomadi.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Attorno al 100 a.C. i Roxolani invasero la Crimea guidati dal loro re <a href="/wiki/Tasio" title="Tasio">Tasio</a> per dare ausilio al re scita <a href="/wiki/Palaco" title="Palaco">Palaco</a>, ma vennero sconfitti da <a href="/wiki/Diofanto_(generale_pontico)" title="Diofanto (generale pontico)">Diofanto</a>, generale di <a href="/wiki/Mitridate_VI_del_Ponto" title="Mitridate VI del Ponto">Mitridate VI</a>. Nel I secolo d.C. Roxoliani invasero la <a href="/wiki/Mesia" title="Mesia">provincia romana di Mesia</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-GFlavioVII.4.3_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GFlavioVII.4.3-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Vespasiano" title="Vespasiano">Vespasiano</a> allora inviò <a href="/wiki/Rubrio_Gallo" title="Rubrio Gallo">Rubrio Gallo</a>, che li respinse nei loro territori.<sup id="cite_ref-GFlavioVII.4.3_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GFlavioVII.4.3-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>A partire dal 250 d.C. il bacino fu occupato dalle popolazioni <a href="/wiki/Goti" title="Goti">gotiche</a> degli <a href="/wiki/Eruli" title="Eruli">Eruli</a>, che da qui per tutto il resto del III secolo compirono scorrerie, saccheggi e devastazioni lungo le rive delle <a href="/wiki/Province_romane" class="mw-redirect" title="Province romane">province romane</a> del <a href="/wiki/Ponto" title="Ponto">Ponto</a> Eusino. </p><p>L'etnografia bizantina individuava la regione con l&#39;<i><a href="/wiki/Urheimat" title="Urheimat">Urheimat</a></i> dei <a href="/wiki/Proto-bulgari" title="Proto-bulgari">Proto-bulgari</a> (<a href="/wiki/Grande_Bulgaria" title="Grande Bulgaria">Grande Bulgaria</a>), sebbene sia dibattuta con l'ipotesi che tale popolo fosse giunto a seguito degli <a href="/wiki/Unni" title="Unni">Unni</a> attorno al IV secolo. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medioevo">Medioevo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donbass&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Medioevo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donbass&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Medioevo"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Crimean_Khanate_1600.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Crimean_Khanate_1600.gif/220px-Crimean_Khanate_1600.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Crimean_Khanate_1600.gif/330px-Crimean_Khanate_1600.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Crimean_Khanate_1600.gif/440px-Crimean_Khanate_1600.gif 2x" data-file-width="447" data-file-height="368" /></a><figcaption>Il <a href="/wiki/Khanato_di_Crimea" title="Khanato di Crimea">Khanato di Crimea</a> attorno all'anno 1600, dopo la battaglia di Molodi</figcaption></figure> <p>Per secoli la regione fu scarsamente popolata da vari gruppi nomadi come <a href="/wiki/Sciti" title="Sciti">Sciti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alani" title="Alani">Alani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Unni" title="Unni">Unni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Proto-bulgari" title="Proto-bulgari">Proto-bulgari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peceneghi" title="Peceneghi">Peceneghi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Per tre secoli, da metà del VII secolo a circa il 965, il <a href="/wiki/Gran_Khanato_di_Khazaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Gran Khanato di Khazaria">Gran Khanato di Khazaria</a> dominò la vasta area delle steppe del Don e il Volga fino alla Crimea orientale,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> e successivamente subentrò la confederazione <a href="/wiki/Cumania" title="Cumania">Cumania</a>-<a href="/wiki/Kip%C4%8Daki" title="Kipčaki">Kipčaki</a>. </p><p>Agli inizi del XIII secolo il territorio fu occupato dall'<a href="/wiki/Orda_d%27oro" class="mw-redirect" title="Orda d&#39;oro">Orda d'oro</a> che da qui <a href="/wiki/Invasione_mongola_della_Rus%27_di_Kiev" title="Invasione mongola della Rus&#39; di Kiev">invase la Rus' di Kiev</a>. Quando alcuni clan del Khanato dell'Orda d'Oro cessarono di praticare il <a href="/wiki/Nomadismo" title="Nomadismo">nomadismo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hac%C4%B1_I_Giray" title="Hacı I Giray">Hacı I Giray</a>, formò il <a href="/wiki/Khanato_di_Crimea" title="Khanato di Crimea">Khanato di Crimea</a> che divenne indipendente nel 1441 dopo una lunga battaglia con il Khanato della <a href="/wiki/Grande_Orda" title="Grande Orda">Grande Orda</a>. Quest'ultima fu battuta nel 1480 anche dal <a href="/wiki/Moscovia" class="mw-redirect" title="Moscovia">principato moscovita</a> con la <a href="/wiki/Grande_fronteggiamento_sul_fiume_Ugra" title="Grande fronteggiamento sul fiume Ugra">battaglia sul fiume Ugra</a> e nuovamente dal figlio di Hacı, <a href="/wiki/Me%C3%B1li_I_Giray" title="Meñli I Giray">Meñli I Giray</a> nel 1502, mettendo fine alle pretese territoriali nella regione. </p><p>La rivalità con il <a href="/wiki/Moscovia" class="mw-redirect" title="Moscovia">principato moscovita</a> portò <a href="/wiki/Devlet_I_Giray" title="Devlet I Giray">Devlet I Giray</a> a marciare contro Mosca nel 1571 incendiandola, tuttavia il Khanato di Crimea perse la disputa per l'accesso al <a href="/wiki/Volga" title="Volga">Volga</a>, in seguito alla catastrofica sconfitta, nella battaglia di Molodi, appena un anno dopo. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russia_e_insediamenti_cosacchi">Russia e insediamenti cosacchi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donbass&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Russia e insediamenti cosacchi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donbass&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Russia e insediamenti cosacchi"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%A1%D1%85%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%84%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0_1684.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%A1%D1%85%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%84%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0_1684.JPG/220px-%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%A1%D1%85%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%84%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0_1684.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%A1%D1%85%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%84%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0_1684.JPG/330px-%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%A1%D1%85%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%84%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0_1684.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%A1%D1%85%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%84%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0_1684.JPG/440px-%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%A1%D1%85%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%84%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0_1684.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1890" data-file-height="1520" /></a><figcaption>Carta della «<i>Tartaria d'Europa</i>» del 1684, contenente «<i>le due Ukraine, una abitata da Cossachi Tanaiti soggetti al Moscouita, l'altra da Cossachi di Zaporowa, ora liberi e già dipendenti dalla Polonia</i>»</figcaption></figure> <p>Tutta la regione a nord della Crimea e del mar d'Azov continuava a essere scarsamente popolata, a tal punto che nei documenti della <a href="/wiki/Confederazione_polacco-lituana" title="Confederazione polacco-lituana">Confederazione polacco-lituana</a> tra il XVI e il XVIII secolo veniva indicata come "<a href="/wiki/Campi_selvaggi" title="Campi selvaggi">Campi selvaggi</a>" (in latino <i>Loca deserta</i>, <a href="/wiki/Lingua_ucraina" title="Lingua ucraina">ucraino</a>: Дике Поле, <a href="/wiki/Lingua_russa" title="Lingua russa">russo</a>: Дикое Поле, <a href="/wiki/Lingua_polacca" title="Lingua polacca">polacco</a>: Dzikie pola, <a href="/wiki/Lingua_latina" title="Lingua latina">lituano</a>: Dykra).<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nel XVI secolo il <a href="/wiki/Gran_Principato_di_Mosca" class="mw-redirect" title="Gran Principato di Mosca">Gran Principato di Mosca</a> assoggettò tutti i Tatari delle entità statali nate dalla dissoluzione del <a href="/wiki/Khanato_dell%27Orda_d%27Oro" title="Khanato dell&#39;Orda d&#39;Oro">Khanato dell'Orda d'Oro</a>, ponendo fine alle loro incursioni, con l'eccezione dei <a href="/wiki/Tatari_di_Crimea" title="Tatari di Crimea">Tatari di Crimea</a> il cui Khanato, grazie all'appoggio ottomano, durò ulteriori due secoli, anche se continuò a ritirarsi gradualmente. Con la <a href="/wiki/Guerra_russo-turca_(1676-1681)" title="Guerra russo-turca (1676-1681)">guerra russo-turca (1676-1681)</a>, le campagne di Crimea del 1687 e del 1689 la <a href="/wiki/Guerra_russo-turca_(1735-1739)" title="Guerra russo-turca (1735-1739)">guerra russo-turca (1735-1739)</a> fu definitivamente sconfitto sotto il comando del <a href="/wiki/Feldmaresciallo" title="Feldmaresciallo">feldmaresciallo</a> <a href="/wiki/Burkhard_Christoph_von_M%C3%BCnnich" title="Burkhard Christoph von Münnich">Burkhard Christoph von Münnich</a>. </p><p>L'espansione russa nel Donbass fu concretizzata dall'insediamento dei <a href="/wiki/Cosacchi" title="Cosacchi">cosacchi</a> tra il 1654 e il 1783, i quali si erano già insediati presso il Don e nella <a href="/wiki/Si%C4%8D_di_Zapori%C5%BE%C5%BEja" title="Sič di Zaporižžja">Zaporižžja</a> circa un secolo prima. I cosacchi zaporoghi si posero sotto la protezione della Russia, sottoscrivendo il <a href="/wiki/Trattato_di_Perejaslav" title="Trattato di Perejaslav">trattato di Perejaslav</a> nel 1654. Fu poco prima di questo periodo, nel 1645, che lo <a href="/wiki/Sovrani_di_Russia" title="Sovrani di Russia">zar russo</a> <a href="/wiki/Alessio_Michajlovi%C4%8D" title="Alessio Michajlovič">Alessio Michajlovič</a> fondò la fortezza di Tor. L'insediamento divenne il primo nucleo della città di <i>Solanoye</i> (rinominata <a href="/wiki/Slov%22jans%27k" class="mw-redirect" title="Slov&quot;jans&#39;k">Slov"jans'k</a> nel 1784) e si sviluppò grazie alla vicinanza di numerosi <a href="/wiki/Lago_salato" title="Lago salato">laghi salati</a> che diedero impulso a una fiorente attività di estrazione e commercio di <a href="/wiki/Sale" title="Sale">sale</a>. </p><p>Nel 1721 la scoperta del <a href="/wiki/Bacino_carbonifero_del_Donec" title="Bacino carbonifero del Donec">bacino carbonifero del Donec</a> innescò il "boom industriale" che portò alla fioritura economica della regione, che durò dal XIX alla prima metà del XX secolo. </p><p>La politica russa di popolamento dei territori dell'Ucraina orientale fu particolarmente intensa, a tal punto che venne indicata come <a href="/wiki/Nuova_Russia_(regione_storica)" title="Nuova Russia (regione storica)">Nuova Russia</a> e fu istituito l'<a href="/wiki/Governatorato_della_Nuova_Russia" title="Governatorato della Nuova Russia">omonimo governatorato</a>, nome scelto dalla zarina <a href="/wiki/Caterina_I_di_Russia" title="Caterina I di Russia">Caterina I di Russia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Vasylenko_1775_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vasylenko_1775-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Era_sovietica">Era sovietica</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donbass&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Era sovietica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donbass&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Era sovietica"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r130657691">body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .vedi-anche{font-size:95%}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r139142988">.mw-parser-output .hatnote-content{align-items:center;display:flex}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon{flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon img{display:flex}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-text{font-style:italic}body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote{border:1px solid #CCC;display:flex;margin:.5em 0;padding:.2em .5em}body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote-text{padding-left:.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon{padding-right:8px}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon img{height:auto;width:16px}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .hatnote a.new{color:#d73333}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .hatnote a.new:visited{color:#a55858}</style> <div class="hatnote noprint vedi-anche"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/27px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/36px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="280" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: <b><a href="/wiki/Offensiva_del_Donbass" title="Offensiva del Donbass">Offensiva del Donbass</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Donets_Basin_is_the_heart_of_Russia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/The_Donets_Basin_is_the_heart_of_Russia.jpg/220px-The_Donets_Basin_is_the_heart_of_Russia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/The_Donets_Basin_is_the_heart_of_Russia.jpg/330px-The_Donets_Basin_is_the_heart_of_Russia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/The_Donets_Basin_is_the_heart_of_Russia.jpg/440px-The_Donets_Basin_is_the_heart_of_Russia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1410" data-file-height="1880" /></a><figcaption>Poster di <a href="/wiki/Propaganda_sovietica" class="mw-redirect" title="Propaganda sovietica">propaganda sovietica</a> del 1921, che recita: "Il Donbass è il cuore della Russia".</figcaption></figure> <p>Il 12 febbraio 1918 fu costituita, nei territori del Donbass e del <a href="/wiki/Bacino_di_Krivoj_Rog" class="mw-redirect" title="Bacino di Krivoj Rog">bacino di Krivoj Rog</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Repubblica_Sovietica_del_Donec-Krivoj_Rog" title="Repubblica Sovietica del Donec-Krivoj Rog">Repubblica Sovietica del Donec-Krivoj Rog</a> la quale nel marzo-aprile 1918, sul finire della <a href="/wiki/Prima_guerra_mondiale" title="Prima guerra mondiale">prima guerra mondiale</a>, fu occupata dalle truppe dell'<a href="/wiki/Impero_tedesco" title="Impero tedesco">impero tedesco</a>. Dopo il loro ritiro, il 10 marzo 1919 venne istituita la <a href="/wiki/Repubblica_Socialista_Sovietica_Ucraina" title="Repubblica Socialista Sovietica Ucraina">Repubblica Socialista Sovietica Ucraina</a>, al cui interno confluì la Repubblica del Donec-Krivoj. </p><p>Durante la <a href="/wiki/Seconda_guerra_mondiale" title="Seconda guerra mondiale">seconda guerra mondiale</a> il Donbass fu teatro dello scontro tra le truppe <a href="/wiki/Germania_nazista" title="Germania nazista">tedesche</a> e <a href="/wiki/Unione_Sovietica" title="Unione Sovietica">sovietiche</a>. Occupato dai tedeschi nell'ottobre 1941, durante l'<a href="/wiki/Operazione_Barbarossa" title="Operazione Barbarossa">operazione Barbarossa</a>, venne liberato dall'<a href="/wiki/Armata_Rossa" title="Armata Rossa">Armata Rossa</a>, in parte nel febbraio 1943, durante l'<a href="/wiki/Operazione_Galoppo" title="Operazione Galoppo">operazione Galoppo</a>, e completamente nell'estate 1943 con la grande <a href="/wiki/Offensiva_del_Donbass" title="Offensiva del Donbass">offensiva del Donbass</a>. L'<a href="/wiki/Unione_Sovietica" title="Unione Sovietica">Unione Sovietica</a>, vincitrice del conflitto, eresse un monumento "<a href="/wiki/Ai_liberatori_del_Donbass" title="Ai liberatori del Donbass">Ai liberatori del Donbass</a>". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="La_guerra_del_Donbass">La guerra del Donbass</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donbass&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8" title="Modifica la sezione La guerra del Donbass" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donbass&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: La guerra del Donbass"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r130657691"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r139142988"> <div class="hatnote noprint vedi-anche"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/27px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/36px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="280" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: <b><a href="/wiki/Guerra_del_Donbass" title="Guerra del Donbass">Guerra del Donbass</a></b>&#32;e&#32;<b><a href="/wiki/Offensiva_russa_del_Donbass" class="mw-redirect" title="Offensiva russa del Donbass">Offensiva russa del Donbass</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2014-04-06._%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_240.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/2014-04-06._%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_240.jpg/220px-2014-04-06._%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_240.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/2014-04-06._%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_240.jpg/330px-2014-04-06._%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_240.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/2014-04-06._%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_240.jpg/440px-2014-04-06._%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B5_240.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>La sede amministrativa dell'oblast' di Donec'k occupata dai manifestanti il 6 aprile 2014</figcaption></figure> <p>In seguito all'<a href="/wiki/Euromaidan" title="Euromaidan">Euromaidan</a> e alla <a href="/wiki/Rivoluzione_ucraina_del_2014" title="Rivoluzione ucraina del 2014">successiva rimozione</a> del presidente ucraino <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Janukovy%C4%8D" title="Viktor Janukovyč">Viktor Janukovyč</a>, nel marzo del 2014 le maggiori città del Donbass furono oggetto di infiltrazione da parte di forze dell'esercito russo che inscenarono manifestazioni contro il governo ucraino. A inizio aprile le manifestazioni si intensificarono, provocando la rivolta armata da parte delle milizie separatiste nelle città di Donec'k, <a href="/wiki/Luhans%27k" title="Luhans&#39;k">Luhans'k</a>, <a href="/wiki/Horlivka" title="Horlivka">Horlivka</a>, Slov"jans'k e Kramators'k supportate dalle forze infiltrate dalla Russia. In risposta all'insurrezione il 15 aprile il presidente ucraino <i>ad interim</i> <a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Tur%C4%8Dynov" title="Oleksandr Turčynov">Oleksandr Turčynov</a> inviò l'esercito nelle città insorte garantendo l'amnistia a tutti i rivoltosi che si fossero arresi, ma l'appello non ebbe seguito e i separatisti riuscirono a entrare in possesso di altre aree della regione. Le forze separatiste si costituirono quindi nelle repubbliche popolari di <a href="/wiki/Repubblica_Popolare_di_Doneck" title="Repubblica Popolare di Doneck">Doneck</a> e <a href="/wiki/Repubblica_Popolare_di_Lugansk" title="Repubblica Popolare di Lugansk">Lugansk</a> e dichiarando l'indipendenza l'11 maggio in seguito a un <a href="/wiki/Referendum_per_l%27indipendenza_del_Donbass_del_2014" title="Referendum per l&#39;indipendenza del Donbass del 2014">referendum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Con l'elezione del presidente ucraino <a href="/wiki/Petro_Oleksijovy%C4%8D_Poro%C5%A1enko" class="mw-redirect" title="Petro Oleksijovyč Porošenko">Petro Porošenko</a> le ostilità tra le <a href="/wiki/Forze_separatiste_del_Donbass" class="mw-redirect" title="Forze separatiste del Donbass">forze separatiste del Donbass</a> e l'esercito ucraino proseguirono. A metà giugno dopo all'abbattimento dell'aereo <a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-76" title="Ilyushin Il-76">Ilyushin Il-76</a> e alla morte di 49 soldati ucraini il conflitto fu sospeso e il presidente offrì nuovamente l'amnistia ai separatisti. Nelle settimane successive l'esercito ucraino, nonostante le molte perdite, riprese il controllo di <a href="/wiki/Slov%22jans%27k" class="mw-redirect" title="Slov&quot;jans&#39;k">Slov"jans'k</a> e Kramators'k e il 17 luglio si verificò l'abbattimento del <a href="/wiki/Volo_Malaysia_Airlines_17" title="Volo Malaysia Airlines 17">volo Malaysia Airlines 17</a>, che provocò la morte di 298 persone. Il 5 settembre del 2014 i presidenti di Russia e Ucraina, con la presenza dei rappresentanti delle due repubbliche popolari, si incontrano a <a href="/wiki/Minsk" title="Minsk">Minsk</a> siglando un <a href="/wiki/Protocollo_di_Minsk" title="Protocollo di Minsk">protocollo</a> per stabilire il cessate il fuoco. Le ostilità subirono un rallentamento, ma il protocollo fu violato numerose volte da entrambe le parti. Il 12 febbraio 2015 fu siglato un <a href="/wiki/Protocollo_di_Minsk_II" title="Protocollo di Minsk II">nuovo protocollo</a>, nuovamente disatteso.<sup id="cite_ref-:22_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:22-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tra ottobre e novembre del 2021 la Russia diede inizio a una vasta mobilitazione delle sue forze armate sul confine ucraino, dispiegando ulteriori forze in <a href="/wiki/Bielorussia" title="Bielorussia">Bielorussia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Transnistria" title="Transnistria">Transnistria</a> e Crimea oltre alla <a href="/wiki/Flotta_del_Mar_Nero" title="Flotta del Mar Nero">flotta del Mar Nero</a>. Il 21 febbraio 2022 la Russia riconobbe le repubbliche popolari del Donbass e tre giorni dopo diede inizio all'<a href="/wiki/Invasione_russa_dell%27Ucraina_del_2022" title="Invasione russa dell&#39;Ucraina del 2022">invasione dell'Ucraina</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Società"><span id="Societ.C3.A0"></span>Società</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donbass&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9" title="Modifica la sezione Società" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donbass&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Società"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Evoluzione_demografica">Evoluzione demografica</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donbass&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=10" title="Modifica la sezione Evoluzione demografica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donbass&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Evoluzione demografica"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In questa regione nel 2005 vivevano approssimativamente sette milioni di persone. Nel novembre 2014, secondo l'<a href="/wiki/Organizzazione_delle_Nazioni_Unite" title="Organizzazione delle Nazioni Unite">ONU</a>, si contavano più di un milione di sfollati e più di 4&#160;000 vittime.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Città_e_aree_urbane"><span id="Citt.C3.A0_e_aree_urbane"></span>Città e aree urbane</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donbass&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=11" title="Modifica la sezione Città e aree urbane" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donbass&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Città e aree urbane"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il Donbass è una regione urbanizzata in cui circa il 90% della popolazione vive in città. I maggiori centri urbani sono: Donec'k, Mariupol', Luhans'k, <a href="/wiki/Maki%C3%AFvka" title="Makiïvka">Makiïvka</a>, Horlivka e <a href="/wiki/Kramators%27k" title="Kramators&#39;k">Kramators'k</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:UkraineNativeLanguagesCensus2001detailed-en.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/UkraineNativeLanguagesCensus2001detailed-en.png/220px-UkraineNativeLanguagesCensus2001detailed-en.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/UkraineNativeLanguagesCensus2001detailed-en.png/330px-UkraineNativeLanguagesCensus2001detailed-en.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/UkraineNativeLanguagesCensus2001detailed-en.png/440px-UkraineNativeLanguagesCensus2001detailed-en.png 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1720" /></a><figcaption>La regione del Donbass è caratterizzata dalla presenza di una consistente comunità russofona</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Etnie">Etnie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donbass&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=12" title="Modifica la sezione Etnie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donbass&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Etnie"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Secondo il <a href="/wiki/Censimento_dell%27Ucraina_del_2001" title="Censimento dell&#39;Ucraina del 2001">censimento dell'Ucraina del 2001</a> nell'oblast' di Donec'k il 56,9% della popolazione era di <a href="/wiki/Ucraini" title="Ucraini">etnia ucraina</a>, il 38,2% di <a href="/wiki/Etnia_russa" class="mw-redirect" title="Etnia russa">etnia russa</a>, analogamente nell'<a href="/wiki/Oblast%27_di_Luhans%27k" title="Oblast&#39; di Luhans&#39;k">oblast' di Luhans'k</a> le due etnie costituivano rispettivamente il 58,0% e il 39,0%.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lingue">Lingue</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donbass&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=13" title="Modifica la sezione Lingue" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donbass&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Lingue"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La lingua maggiormente diffusa è il <a href="/wiki/Lingua_russa_in_Ucraina" title="Lingua russa in Ucraina">russo</a>. Secondo il <a href="/wiki/Censimento_dell%27Ucraina_del_2001" title="Censimento dell&#39;Ucraina del 2001">censimento dell'Ucraina del 2001</a> nell'<a href="/wiki/Oblast%27_di_Donec%27k" title="Oblast&#39; di Donec&#39;k">oblast' di Donec'k</a> il 74,9% della popolazione aveva come <a href="/wiki/Lingua_madre" class="mw-redirect" title="Lingua madre">lingua madre</a> il russo, mentre il 24,1% l'<a href="/wiki/Lingua_ucraina" title="Lingua ucraina">ucraino</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Nell'<a href="/wiki/Oblast%27_di_Luhans%27k" title="Oblast&#39; di Luhans&#39;k">oblast' di Luhans'k</a> invece il russo era parlato dal 68,8% della popolazione mentre l'ucraino dal 30,0%.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economia">Economia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donbass&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=14" title="Modifica la sezione Economia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donbass&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Economia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Miniere">Miniere</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donbass&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=15" title="Modifica la sezione Miniere" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donbass&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Miniere"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La regione del Donbass è ricca di cave e miniere e la risorsa economicamente e storicamente più rilevante è il <a href="/wiki/Carbone" title="Carbone">carbone</a>, che viene estratto in piccole miniere posizionate in particolare nel <a href="/wiki/Bacino_carbonifero_del_Donec" title="Bacino carbonifero del Donec">bacino carbonifero del Donec</a>, il maggiore a livello europeo. Le altre materie prime estratte sono trasformate dall'industria pesante locale.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> L'estrazione del carbone ha avuto una forte espansione durante il governo dell'<a href="/wiki/Unione_Sovietica" title="Unione Sovietica">Unione Sovietica</a>, per poi subire una brusca diminuzione in seguito alla sua <a href="/wiki/Dissoluzione_dell%27Unione_Sovietica" title="Dissoluzione dell&#39;Unione Sovietica">dissoluzione</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Altri giacimenti rilevanti sono i depositi salini di <a href="/wiki/Bachmut" title="Bachmut">Bachmut</a>, il bacino di <a href="/wiki/Potassio" title="Potassio">potassio</a> precarpatico e il deposito di <a href="/wiki/Terra_refrattaria" title="Terra refrattaria">terra refrattaria</a> di Chasovoyarsʹke.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industria">Industria</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donbass&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=16" title="Modifica la sezione Industria" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donbass&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Industria"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Oltre a quella <a href="/wiki/Industria_estrattiva" class="mw-redirect" title="Industria estrattiva">estrattiva</a>, nel Donbass sono particolarmente sviluppate l'<a href="/wiki/Industria_pesante" class="mw-redirect" title="Industria pesante">industria pesante</a> e l'<a href="/wiki/Industria_chimica" title="Industria chimica">industria chimica</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donbass&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=17" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donbass&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Storicamente anche l'estremo occidentale dell'<a href="/wiki/Oblast%27_di_Rostov" title="Oblast&#39; di Rostov">oblast' di Rostov</a> (<a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>) incluso nel <a href="/wiki/Bacino_carbonifero_del_Donec" title="Bacino carbonifero del Donec">bacino carbonifero del Donec</a> è considerato parte del Donbass</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1">b</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-2">c</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-3">d</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-4">e</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-5">f</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-6">g</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="ucraino">UK</abbr></span>) M. G. Čumačenko, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://esu.com.ua/search_articles.php?id=20769"><span style="font-style:italic;">Donbas</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">esu.com.ua</span>, <a href="/wiki/Encyklopedija_su%C4%8Dasno%C3%AF_Ukra%C3%AFny" title="Encyklopedija sučasnoï Ukraïny">Enciclopedia dell'Ucraina moderna</a>, 2008. <small>URL consultato il 23 aprile 2022</small> <small>(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220423093641/https://esu.com.ua/search_articles.php?id=20769">archiviato</a> il 23 aprile 2022)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-:2_3-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-:2_3-1">b</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFTreccani_donbass" class="citation testo" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/donbass"><span style="font-style:italic;">Donbass</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Treccani.it – Enciclopedie on line</span>, Roma, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana. <small>URL consultato il 23 aprile 2022</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-1">b</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-2">c</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-3">d</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSapere_Donbass" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sapere.it/enciclopedia/Donbass.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Donbass</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Sapere.it</span>, <a href="/wiki/De_Agostini" title="De Agostini">De Agostini</a>. <small>URL consultato il 23 aprile 2022</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-:3_5-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-:3_5-1">b</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-:3_5-2">c</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="ucraino">UK</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://izbornyk.org.ua/encycl/euii043.htm"><span style="font-style:italic;">Donetsʹkyy baseyn</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Enciclopedia degli Studi Ucraini</span>, vol.&#160;2, Parigi, 1957. <small>URL consultato il 26 aprile 2022</small> <small>(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220315211147/http://izbornyk.org.ua/encycl/euii043.htm">archiviato</a> il 15 marzo 2022)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="ucraino">UK</abbr></span>) A. Ja. Radzivіll, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://esu.com.ua/search_articles.php?id=20846"><span style="font-style:italic;">Donec'kij kam’janovugіl'nij basejn</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">esu.com.ua</span>, <a href="/wiki/Encyklopedija_su%C4%8Dasno%C3%AF_Ukra%C3%AFny" title="Encyklopedija sučasnoï Ukraïny">Enciclopedia dell'Ucraina moderna</a>, 2008. <small>URL consultato il 23 aprile 2022</small> <small>(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115063941/https://esu.com.ua/search_articles.php?id=20846">archiviato</a> il 15 gennaio 2022)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="francese">FR</abbr></span>) Cédric Gras, <span style="font-style:italic;">Les soirées du hameau</span>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Anthracite</span>, Paris, Éditions Stock, agosto 2016, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-2-234-07978-6" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-2-234-07978-6">978-2-234-07978-6</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="francese">FR</abbr></span>) S.V.Polina e E.G.Karnaukhb, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1563011013000135"><span style="font-style:italic;">Scythian Burial Mound of the 4th Century Bc at Kremenevka, Northeastern Azov Region</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia</span>, vol.&#160;40, n.&#160;4, dicembre 2012, pp.&#160;116-128, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.aeae.2013.04.012">10.1016/j.aeae.2013.04.012</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Miroslav Ivanov Vasilev, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.nl/books?id=Rh2oBgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA70"><span style="font-style:italic;">The Policy of Darius and Xerxes towards Thrace and Macedonia</span></a>, BRILL, 2015, p.&#160;70, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/9004282157" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/9004282157">9004282157</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Christopher Beckwith, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5jG1eHe3y4EC"><span style="font-style:italic;">Empires of the Silk Road: a history of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the present</span></a>, Princeton University Press, 2009, pp.&#160;68-69, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-0-691-13589-2" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-0-691-13589-2">978-0-691-13589-2</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Strabone, <i><a href="/wiki/Geografia_(Strabone)" title="Geografia (Strabone)">Geografia</a></i>, VII.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GFlavioVII.4.3-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-GFlavioVII.4.3_12-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-GFlavioVII.4.3_12-1">b</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Flavio" class="mw-redirect" title="Giuseppe Flavio">Giuseppe Flavio</a>, <i>La guerra giudaica</i>, VII, 4.3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">"<i><cite class="citation testo" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160204211051/https://books.google.com/books?id=-h6r57lDC4QC&amp;pg=PA135"><span style="font-style:italic;">Donets Basin</span></a> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="https&#58;//books.google.com/books?id=-h6r57lDC4QC&amp;pg=PA135">url originale</abbr> il 4 febbraio 2016)</small>.</cite></i>" (Donbas), pp.135–136 in: Historical Dictionary of Ukraine. Ivan Katchanovski, Zenon Kohut, Bohdan Y. Nebesio, Myroslav Yurkevich. <a href="/wiki/Lanham_(Maryland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lanham (Maryland)">Lanham</a>&#160;: <a href="/wiki/Rowman_%26_Littlefield" title="Rowman &amp; Littlefield">The Scarecrow Press</a>, Inc., 2013. 914 p. <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/081087847X" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/081087847X">ISBN&#160;081087847X</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Thomas S. Noonan, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=u-SsbHs5zTAC&amp;pg=PA50"><span style="font-style:italic;">European Russia c500-c1050</span></a>, in Timothy Reuter e Rosamond McKitterick (a cura di), <span style="font-style:italic;">The New Cambridge Medieval History: Volume 3, C.900-c.1024</span>, vol.&#160;3, Cambridge University Press, 1999, pp.&#160;485–534, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-0-521-36447-8" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-0-521-36447-8">978-0-521-36447-8</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation testo" style="font-style:normal"> <a class="external text" href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ac/Beauplan_Poland_XVII_map.jpg"><span style="font-style:italic;">Camporum Desertorum vulgo Ukraina</span></a> (<span style="font-weight: bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="immagine in formato JPG">JPG</abbr></span>).</cite> by <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Le_Vasseur_de_Beauplan" class="mw-redirect" title="Guillaume Le Vasseur de Beauplan">Guillaume Le Vasseur de Beauplan</a>, Cum Privilegio S.R.M. <a href="/wiki/Polonia" title="Polonia">Poloniae</a>. <a href="/wiki/Danzica" title="Danzica">Gedani</a>, 1648; Campi Deserti citra Boristhenem, <i>abo</i> Dzike Polie <a href="/wiki/Confederazione_polacco-lituana" title="Confederazione polacco-lituana">Polish–Lithuanian</a>, by Ian Jansson, c. 1663, <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vasylenko_1775-16"><a href="#cite_ref-Vasylenko_1775_16-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Nataliya Polonska-Vasylenko, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=v4oVAAAAIAAJ"><span style="font-style:italic;">The Settlement of the Southern Ukraine (1750-1775)</span></a>, Ukrainian Academy of Arts and Sciences in the U.S., 1955, p.&#160;190.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBritannica" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Ukraine/The-crisis-in-Crimea-and-eastern-Ukraine"><span style="font-style:italic;">Russian invasion and annexation of Crimea</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Britannica" title="Enciclopedia Britannica">Enciclopedia Britannica</a></span>, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. <small>URL consultato il 29 aprile 2022</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:22-18"><a href="#cite_ref-:22_18-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBritannica" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Ukraine/The-Poroshenko-administration"><span style="font-style:italic;">The Poroshenko administration</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Britannica" title="Enciclopedia Britannica">Enciclopedia Britannica</a></span>, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. <small>URL consultato il 29 aprile 2022</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBritannica" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Ukraine/The-election-of-Volodymyr-Zelensky-and-continued-Russian-aggression"><span style="font-style:italic;">The election of Volodymyr Zelensky and continued Russian aggression</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Britannica" title="Enciclopedia Britannica">Enciclopedia Britannica</a></span>, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. <small>URL consultato il 29 aprile 2022</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news" style="font-style:normal"> Andrew E. Kramer, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/14/world/europe/nowhere-to-run-in-eastern-ukraine-.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Nowhere to Run in Eastern Ukraine</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">The New York Times</span>, 13 novembre 2014. <small>URL consultato il 15 ottobre 2015</small> <small>(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141114102934/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/14/world/europe/nowhere-to-run-in-eastern-ukraine-.html">archiviato</a> il 14 novembre 2014)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://2001.ukrcensus.gov.ua/eng/results/general/nationality/"><span style="font-style:italic;">National composition of population</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">2001.ukrcensus.gov.ua</span>, 2001. <small>URL consultato il 10 giugno 2022</small> <small>(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220531163539/http://2001.ukrcensus.gov.ua/eng/results/general/nationality/">archiviato</a> il 31 maggio 2022)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://2001.ukrcensus.gov.ua/eng/results/general/language/Donetsk/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Linguistic composition of the population (Donets'k region)</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">2001.ukrcensus.gov.ua</span>, 2001. <small>URL consultato il 26 aprile 2022</small> <small>(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130518002854/http://2001.ukrcensus.gov.ua/eng/results/general/language/Donetsk/">archiviato</a> il 18 maggio 2013)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://2001.ukrcensus.gov.ua/eng/results/general/language/Luhansk/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Linguistic composition of the population (Luhans'k region)</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">2001.ukrcensus.gov.ua</span>, 2001. <small>URL consultato il 26 aprile 2022</small> <small>(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130518013158/http://2001.ukrcensus.gov.ua/eng/results/general/language/Luhansk/">archiviato</a> il 18 maggio 2013)</small>.</cite></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donbass&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=18" title="Modifica la sezione Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donbass&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Bibliografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Roman Manekin: <cite class="citation testo" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041230041340/http://whoiswho.ru/russian/Password/journals/22000/donbass1.htm"><span style="font-style:italic;"><span></span><i>Russia – Donbass. Prospettiva di potenziamento relazionale</i><span></span></span></a>. <small>URL consultato l'8 febbraio 2018</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http&#58;//whoiswho.ru/russian/Password/journals/22000/donbass1.htm">url originale</abbr> il 30 dicembre 2004)</small>.</cite> (<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="russo">RU</abbr></span>) «Chi è chi?», № 2 (17), 2000. Mosca, «Rospechat», PI numero 47657</li> <li>Roman Manekin: <cite class="citation testo" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050302010801/http://www.whoiswho.ru/russian/Curnom/62000/power1.htm"><span style="font-style:italic;"><span></span><i>Potere, Gruppi d'invasione e clan</i><span></span></span></a>. <small>URL consultato l'8 febbraio 2018</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http&#58;//www.whoiswho.ru/russian/Curnom/62000/power1.htm">url originale</abbr> il 2 marzo 2005)</small>.</cite>. (<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="russo">RU</abbr></span>) «Chi è chi?», № 6 (21), 2000. Mosca, «Rospechat», PI numero 47657</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donbass&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=19" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donbass&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bacino_carbonifero_del_Donec" title="Bacino carbonifero del Donec">Bacino carbonifero del Donec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offensiva_del_Donbass" title="Offensiva del Donbass">Offensiva del Donbass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repubblica_Popolare_di_Doneck" title="Repubblica Popolare di Doneck">Repubblica Popolare di Doneck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repubblica_Popolare_di_Lugansk" title="Repubblica Popolare di Lugansk">Repubblica Popolare di Lugansk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stato_federale_della_Nuova_Russia" title="Stato federale della Nuova Russia">Stato federale della Nuova Russia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donbass&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=20" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donbass&amp;action=edit&amp;section=20" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:Donbas"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Donbas?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file sul <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Donbas?uselang=it">Donbass</a></span></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donbass&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=21" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donbass&amp;action=edit&amp;section=21" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFTreccani.it" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/donbass"><span style="font-style:italic;">Donbass</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">Treccani.it – Enciclopedie on line</span>, <a href="/wiki/Istituto_dell%27Enciclopedia_Italiana" title="Istituto dell&#39;Enciclopedia Italiana">Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana</a>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q605714#P3365" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSapere.it" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sapere.it/enciclopedia/Donbass.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Donbass</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">sapere.it</span>, <a href="/wiki/De_Agostini" title="De Agostini">De Agostini</a>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q605714#P6706" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBritannica.com" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Donets-Basin"><span style="font-style:italic;">Donbas</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Britannica" title="Enciclopedia Britannica">Enciclopedia Britannica</a></span>, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q605714#P1417" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r141815314">.mw-parser-output .navbox{border:1px solid #aaa;clear:both;margin:auto;padding:2px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox th{padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:#ccf;font-size:90%;width:100%;color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox_navbar{float:left;margin:0;padding:0 10px 0 0;text-align:left;width:6em}.mw-parser-output .navbox_title{font-size:110%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;padding:0 10px;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox_list{font-size:90%;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_list a{white-space:nowrap}html:not(.vector-feature-night-mode-enabled) .mw-parser-output .navbox_odd{background:#fdfdfd;color:var(--color-base,black)}html:not(.vector-feature-night-mode-enabled) .mw-parser-output .navbox_even{background:#f7f7f7;color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox a.mw-selflink{color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox_center{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox_image{padding-left:7px;vertical-align:middle;width:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{font-weight:normal;text-align:right;width:7em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox_image img{max-width:none!important}.mw-parser-output .subnavbox{margin:-3px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:#e6e6ff;padding:0 10px}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:var(--background-color-interactive)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox th{color:var(--color-base)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:var(--background-color-interactive)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox th{color:var(--color-base)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle)!important}}</style><table class="navbox mw-collapsible autocollapse noprint metadata" id="navbox-Regioni_storiche_dell&#39;Ucraina"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2"><div class="navbox_navbar"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000000); white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Regioni_storiche_dell%27Ucraina" title="Template:Regioni storiche dell&#39;Ucraina"><span title="Vai alla pagina del template">V</span></a>&#160;·&#160;<a href="/w/index.php?title=Discussioni_template:Regioni_storiche_dell%27Ucraina&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Discussioni template:Regioni storiche dell&#39;Ucraina (la pagina non esiste)"><span title="Discuti del template">D</span></a>&#160;·&#160;<a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Regioni_storiche_dell%27Ucraina&amp;action=edit"><span title="Modifica il template. 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