class Method | Raku Documentation

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For details of a method's parameter list see <a href="/type/Signature"><code>Signature</code></a>.</p><p>To create a method outside a <a href="/language/typesystem#Methods">class definition</a>, use the declarators <code>my</code> and <code>method</code>. If an <a href="/language/syntax#Identifiers">identifier</a> is provided the methods name will be injected into the scope specified by the declarator.</p> <div class="raku-code raku-lang"> <button class="copy-code" title="Copy code"><i class="far fa-clipboard"></i></button> <label>Raku highlighting</label> <div> <pre class="nohighlights"><span class="highlite-KEYWORD">my</span> <span class="highlite-NAME_SCALAR">$m</span> <span class="highlite-OPERATOR">=</span> <span class="highlite-KEYWORD">method</span> (<span class="highlite-NAME_SCALAR">$invocant:</span> <span class="highlite-NAME_SCALAR">$param</span>) { <span class="highlite-ROUTINE">say</span> <span class="highlite-STRING_DELIMITER">"</span><span class="highlite-NAME_SCALAR">$invocant:</span><span class="highlite-STRING"> '</span><span class="highlite-NAME_SCALAR">$param'</span><span class="highlite-STRING_DELIMITER">"</span>; } <span class="highlite-STRING_DELIMITER">"</span><span class="highlite-STRING">greeting</span><span class="highlite-STRING_DELIMITER">"</span><span class="highlite-OPERATOR">.</span><span class="highlite-NAME_SCALAR">$m</span>(<span class="highlite-STRING_DELIMITER">"</span><span class="highlite-STRING">hello</span><span class="highlite-STRING_DELIMITER">"</span>); <span class="highlite-COMMENT"># OUTPUT: «greeting: 'hello'␤» </span> <a b c><span class="highlite-OPERATOR">.&</span>(<span class="highlite-KEYWORD">my</span> <span class="highlite-KEYWORD">method</span> (List:D:) { <span class="highlite-ROUTINE">say</span> <span class="highlite-ROUTINE">self</span>.<span class="highlite-ROUTINE">raku</span>; <span class="highlite-ROUTINE">self</span> }).<span class="highlite-ROUTINE">say</span>; <span class="highlite-COMMENT"># OUTPUT: «("a", "b", "c")␤(a b c)␤»</span></pre> </div> </div> <p>The invocant of a method defaults to <code>self</code>. A type constraint including a type-smiley can be used and is honored both for methods defined in a class and for free floating methods. Call the latter with <code>.&</code> on an object.</p> <div class="raku-code raku-lang"> <button class="copy-code" title="Copy code"><i class="far fa-clipboard"></i></button> <label>Raku highlighting</label> <div> <pre class="nohighlights"><span class="highlite-KEYWORD">my</span> <span class="highlite-KEYWORD">method</span> m(Int:D: <span class="highlite-NAME_SCALAR">$b</span>){ <span class="highlite-ROUTINE">say</span> <span class="highlite-ROUTINE">self</span>.^<span class="highlite-ROUTINE">name</span> } <span class="highlite-KEYWORD">my</span> <span class="highlite-NAME_SCALAR">$i</span> <span class="highlite-OPERATOR">=</span> 1; <span class="highlite-NAME_SCALAR">$i</span>.<span class="highlite-NAME_CODE">&m</span>(<span class="highlite-STRING_DELIMITER"><</span><span class="highlite-STRING">a</span><span class="highlite-STRING_DELIMITER">></span>); <span class="highlite-COMMENT"># OUTPUT: «Int␤»</span></pre> </div> </div> <p>Please note that the main difference between methods defined within and without a class is the need to use `&` to invoke them in the latter case. In case any other sigil is used in the definition, as in the first example, that sigil can also be used.</p><p><a name="index-entry-*%___(extra_named_arguments)" class="index-entry"></a> Methods automatically capture extra named arguments into the special variable <code>%_</code>, where other types of <a href="/type/Routine"><code>Routine</code></a> will throw at runtime. So</p> <div class="raku-code raku-lang"> <button class="copy-code" title="Copy code"><i class="far fa-clipboard"></i></button> <label>Raku highlighting</label> <div> <pre class="nohighlights"><span class="highlite-KEYWORD">method</span> <span class="highlite-OPERATOR">x</span>() {}</pre> </div> </div> <p>is actually equivalent to</p> <div class="raku-code raku-lang"> <button class="copy-code" title="Copy code"><i class="far fa-clipboard"></i></button> <label>Raku highlighting</label> <div> <pre class="nohighlights"><span class="highlite-KEYWORD">method</span> <span class="highlite-OPERATOR">x</span>(<span class="highlite-OPERATOR">*</span><span class="highlite-NAME_HASH">%_</span>) {}</pre> </div> </div> <p>Extra arguments will be forwarded by <a href="/language/functions#Re-dispatching"><code>nextsame</code> and friends</a>.</p> <div class="raku-code raku-lang"> <button class="copy-code" title="Copy code"><i class="far fa-clipboard"></i></button> <label>Raku highlighting</label> <div> <pre class="nohighlights"><span class="highlite-KEYWORD">class</span> A { <span class="highlite-KEYWORD">multi</span> <span class="highlite-KEYWORD">method</span> m(<span class="highlite-OPERATOR">:</span><span class="highlite-NAME_SCALAR">$a</span><span class="highlite-OPERATOR">,</span> <span class="highlite-OPERATOR">:</span><span class="highlite-NAME_SCALAR">$b</span>) { <span class="highlite-ROUTINE">say</span> <span class="highlite-STRING_DELIMITER">"</span><span class="highlite-STRING">2 named</span><span class="highlite-STRING_DELIMITER">"</span> } } <span class="highlite-KEYWORD">class</span> B <span class="highlite-KEYWORD">is</span> A { <span class="highlite-KEYWORD">method</span> m(<span class="highlite-OPERATOR">:</span><span class="highlite-NAME_SCALAR">$a</span>) { <span class="highlite-ROUTINE">say</span> <span class="highlite-STRING_DELIMITER">"</span><span class="highlite-STRING">1 named</span><span class="highlite-STRING_DELIMITER">"</span>; <span class="highlite-ROUTINE">nextsame</span> } } B.m( :1a<span class="highlite-OPERATOR">,</span> :2b ); <span class="highlite-COMMENT"># OUTPUT: «1 named␤2 named␤»</span></pre> </div> </div> <h1 id="typegraphrelations" class="raku-h1"><a href="#" title="go to top of document">Typegraph<a class="raku-anchor" title="direct link" href="#typegraphrelations">§</a></a></h1> <figure class="typegraph" > <figcaption>Type relations for <code>Method</code></figcaption> <svg width="176pt" height="476pt" viewBox="0.00 0.00 175.74 476.00" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g id="graph0" class="graph" transform="scale(1 1) rotate(0) translate(4 472)"> <title>raku-type-graph</title> <polygon fill="#ffffff" stroke="transparent" points="-4,4 -4,-472 171.74,-472 171.74,4 -4,4"/>  <g id="node1" class="node"> <title>Method</title> <g id="a_node1"><a xlink:href="/type/Method" xlink:title="Method"> <ellipse fill="none" stroke="#000000" cx="74.6" cy="-90" rx="44.39" ry="18"/> <text text-anchor="middle" x="74.6" y="-86.3" font-family="FreeSans" font-size="14.00" fill="#000000">Method</text> </a> </g> </g>  <g id="node7" class="node"> <title>Routine</title> <g id="a_node7"><a xlink:href="/type/Routine" xlink:title="Routine"> <ellipse fill="none" stroke="#000000" cx="74.6" cy="-162" rx="44.69" ry="18"/> <text text-anchor="middle" x="74.6" y="-158.3" font-family="FreeSans" font-size="14.00" fill="#000000">Routine</text> </a> </g> </g>  <g id="edge1" class="edge"> <title>Method->Routine</title> <path fill="none" stroke="#000000" d="M74.6,-108.3C74.6,-116.02 74.6,-125.29 74.6,-133.89"/> <polygon fill="#000000" stroke="#000000" points="71.1,-133.9 74.6,-143.9 78.1,-133.9 71.1,-133.9"/> </g>  <g id="node2" class="node"> <title>Mu</title> <g id="a_node2"><a xlink:href="/type/Mu" xlink:title="Mu"> <ellipse fill="none" stroke="#000000" cx="28.6" cy="-450" rx="27" ry="18"/> <text text-anchor="middle" x="28.6" y="-446.3" font-family="FreeSans" font-size="14.00" fill="#000000">Mu</text> </a> </g> </g>  <g id="node3" class="node"> <title>Any</title> <g id="a_node3"><a xlink:href="/type/Any" xlink:title="Any"> <ellipse fill="none" stroke="#000000" cx="28.6" cy="-378" rx="28.7" ry="18"/> <text text-anchor="middle" x="28.6" y="-374.3" font-family="FreeSans" font-size="14.00" fill="#000000">Any</text> </a> </g> </g>  <g id="edge2" class="edge"> <title>Any->Mu</title> <path fill="none" stroke="#000000" d="M28.6,-396.3C28.6,-404.02 28.6,-413.29 28.6,-421.89"/> <polygon fill="#000000" stroke="#000000" points="25.1,-421.9 28.6,-431.9 32.1,-421.9 25.1,-421.9"/> </g>  <g id="node4" class="node"> <title>Callable</title> <g id="a_node4"><a xlink:href="/type/Callable" xlink:title="Callable"> <ellipse fill="none" stroke="#6666ff" cx="121.6" cy="-378" rx="46.29" ry="18"/> <text text-anchor="middle" x="121.6" y="-374.3" font-family="FreeSans" font-size="14.00" fill="#6666ff">Callable</text> </a> </g> </g>  <g id="node5" class="node"> <title>Code</title> <g id="a_node5"><a xlink:href="/type/Code" xlink:title="Code"> <ellipse fill="none" stroke="#000000" cx="74.6" cy="-306" rx="33.6" ry="18"/> <text text-anchor="middle" x="74.6" y="-302.3" font-family="FreeSans" font-size="14.00" fill="#000000">Code</text> </a> </g> </g>  <g id="edge3" class="edge"> <title>Code->Any</title> <path fill="none" stroke="#000000" d="M63.93,-323.24C58.24,-331.89 51.12,-342.73 44.77,-352.4"/> <polygon fill="#000000" stroke="#000000" points="41.78,-350.57 39.21,-360.85 47.63,-354.42 41.78,-350.57"/> </g>  <g id="edge7" class="edge"> <title>Code->Callable</title> <path fill="none" stroke="#6666ff" d="M85.5,-323.24C91.23,-331.77 98.38,-342.42 104.8,-351.98"/> <polygon fill="#6666ff" stroke="#6666ff" points="101.95,-354.02 110.43,-360.37 107.76,-350.11 101.95,-354.02"/> </g>  <g id="node6" class="node"> <title>Block</title> <g id="a_node6"><a xlink:href="/type/Block" xlink:title="Block"> <ellipse fill="none" stroke="#000000" cx="74.6" cy="-234" rx="35.19" ry="18"/> <text text-anchor="middle" x="74.6" y="-230.3" font-family="FreeSans" font-size="14.00" fill="#000000">Block</text> </a> </g> </g>  <g id="edge4" class="edge"> <title>Block->Code</title> <path fill="none" stroke="#000000" d="M74.6,-252.3C74.6,-260.02 74.6,-269.29 74.6,-277.89"/> <polygon fill="#000000" stroke="#000000" points="71.1,-277.9 74.6,-287.9 78.1,-277.9 71.1,-277.9"/> </g>  <g id="edge5" class="edge"> <title>Routine->Block</title> <path fill="none" stroke="#000000" d="M74.6,-180.3C74.6,-188.02 74.6,-197.29 74.6,-205.89"/> <polygon fill="#000000" stroke="#000000" points="71.1,-205.9 74.6,-215.9 78.1,-205.9 71.1,-205.9"/> </g>  <g id="node8" class="node"> <title>Regex</title> <g id="a_node8"><a xlink:href="/type/Regex" xlink:title="Regex"> <ellipse fill="none" stroke="#000000" cx="74.6" cy="-18" rx="38.19" ry="18"/> <text text-anchor="middle" x="74.6" y="-14.3" font-family="FreeSans" font-size="14.00" fill="#000000">Regex</text> </a> </g> </g>  <g id="edge6" class="edge"> <title>Regex->Method</title> <path fill="none" stroke="#000000" d="M74.6,-36.3C74.6,-44.02 74.6,-53.29 74.6,-61.89"/> <polygon fill="#000000" stroke="#000000" points="71.1,-61.9 74.6,-71.9 78.1,-61.9 71.1,-61.9"/> </g> </g> </svg> <p class="fallback"> <a rel="alternate" href="/assets/typegraphs/Method.svg"> Expand chart above </a></p> </figure> </div></div></section> </div> </div> </div> <footer class="footer main-footer"> <div class="container px-4"> <nav class="level"> <div class="level-left"> <div class="level-item"> <a href="/about">About</a> </div> <div class="level-item"> <a id="toggle-theme">Toggle theme</a> </div> <div class="level-item" title="14b1f5655 2024-05-19"> <a>Commit</a> </div> </div> <div class="level-right"> <div class="level-item"> <a href="/license">License</a> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </footer> </body> </html>

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class Method | Raku Documentation