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.ombox.mbox-small{font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{border:2px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ombox-delete{border:2px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ombox-content{border:1px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ombox-style{border:1px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ombox-move{border:1px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ombox-protection{border:2px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 10%}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.ombox img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}</style><table class="plainlinks ombox ombox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Parentesi_Quadre.svg/30px-Parentesi_Quadre.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Parentesi_Quadre.svg/45px-Parentesi_Quadre.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Parentesi_Quadre.svg/60px-Parentesi_Quadre.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="100"/></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><b>This is the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation">pronunciation key</a> for <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> transcriptions of Colognian on Wikipedia.</b><div style="font-size: 90%;">It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Colognian in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishing <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Consensus" title="Wikipedia:Consensus">consensus</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Help_talk:IPA/Colognian" title="Help talk:IPA/Colognian">talk page</a> first.</div><div style="font-size: 90%;">For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Help:IPA</a>. For the distinction between <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ ]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ /</span> and ⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"> </span>⟩, see <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet#Brackets_and_transcription_delimiters" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters</a>.</div></td><td class="mbox-imageright"><div style="white-space: nowrap;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1252059228">.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain{float:right;margin:0 0 0 1em;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff);padding:0.3em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;text-align:center;font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxleft{float:left;margin:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutlist{display:inline-block;border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);margin-bottom:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain ul{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutanchordiv{position:relative;top:-3em}.mw-parser-output li .module-shortcutanchordiv{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mbox-imageright .module-shortcutboxplain{padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 1em;line-height:1.3;margin:0}</style><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="H:IPA-KSH"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H:IPA-KSH&redirect=no">H:IPA-KSH</a></span></li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Wikipedia key to pronunciation of Colognian</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right selfref noprint"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Gnome-speakernotes.svg/40px-Gnome-speakernotes.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Gnome-speakernotes.svg/60px-Gnome-speakernotes.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Gnome-speakernotes.svg/80px-Gnome-speakernotes.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128"/></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><b>This article includes inline links to audio files.</b> If you have trouble playing the files, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:MH" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:MH">Wikipedia Media help</a>.</div></div> </div> <p>The charts below show the way in which the <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)</a> represents <a href="/wiki/Colognian_dialect" title="Colognian dialect">Colognian</a> pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see <a href="/wiki/Template:IPA" title="Template:IPA">Template:IPA</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation#Entering_IPA_characters" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation">Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters</a>. </p><p>See <a href="/wiki/Colognian_phonology" title="Colognian phonology">Colognian phonology</a> for a more thorough look at the sounds of Colognian. </p> <table style="background:none;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:top;"> <table class="wikitable unicode"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Consonant" title="Consonant">Consonants</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>IPA</th> <th>Colognian examples</th> <th>English approximation </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiced bilabial plosive">b</a></span></big> </td> <td><span title="Kölsch-language text"><i lang="ksh"><b>B</b>all, du<b>bb</b>el</i></span> </td> <td><b>b</b>all </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar plosive">d</a></span></big> </td> <td><span title="Kölsch-language text"><i lang="ksh"><b>d</b>ann, Sa<b>dd</b>el</i></span> </td> <td><b>d</b>one </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiced postalveolar affricate">dʒ</a></span></big> </td> <td><span title="Kölsch-language text"><i lang="ksh"><b>Dsch</b>ungel, wa<b>dsch</b>ele</i></span> </td> <td><b>j</b>ungle </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiceless labiodental fricative">f</a></span></big> </td> <td><span title="Kölsch-language text"><i lang="ksh"><b>F</b>aß, Wa<b>ff</b>el</i></span> </td> <td><b>f</b>uss </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">ɡ</a></span></big> </td> <td><span title="Kölsch-language text"><i lang="ksh">wa<b>gg</b>ele</i></span> </td> <td><b>g</b>ust </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_glottal_fricative" title="Voiceless glottal fricative">h</a></span></big> </td> <td><span title="Kölsch-language text"><i lang="ksh"><b>h</b>att, Bu<b>h</b>ai, Ba<b>h</b></i></span> </td> <td><b>h</b>ut </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Sj-sound" title="Sj-sound">ɧ</a></span></big> </td> <td><span title="Kölsch-language text"><i lang="ksh"><b>Sch</b>imie, Wee<b>ch</b>ter, biesti<b>g</b></i></span> </td> <td>bu<b>sh</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a></span></big><sup id="cite_ref-jejotallophones_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jejotallophones-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span title="Kölsch-language text"><i lang="ksh"><b>J</b>ack, wää<b>j</b>e</i></span> </td> <td><b>y</b>uck </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiced postalveolar fricative">ʒ</a></span></big><span title="There are allophonic variations."><sup id="cite_ref-jejotallophones_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jejotallophones-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </td> <td><span title="Kölsch-language text"><i lang="ksh"><b>G</b>eniere, nu<b>sch</b>ele</i></span> </td> <td>plea<b>s</b>ure </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a></span></big> </td> <td><span title="Kölsch-language text"><i lang="ksh"><b>K</b>iß, fri<b>ck</b>ele, Pe<b>k</b></i></span> </td> <td><b>k</b>iss </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral approximant">l</a></span></big> </td> <td><span title="Kölsch-language text"><i lang="ksh"><b>L</b>ack, we<b>ll</b>e</i></span> </td> <td><b>l</b>uck </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_nasal" title="Voiced bilabial nasal">m</a></span></big> </td> <td><span title="Kölsch-language text"><i lang="ksh"><b>M</b>ai, su<b>mm</b>e, ö<b>m</b></i></span> </td> <td><b>m</b>ay </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar nasal">n</a></span></big> </td> <td><span title="Kölsch-language text"><i lang="ksh"><b>N</b>oht, Jewe<b>nn</b>er, Su<b>n</b></i></span> </td> <td><b>n</b>ot </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_nasal" title="Voiced velar nasal">ŋ</a></span></big> </td> <td><span title="Kölsch-language text"><i lang="ksh">se<b>ng</b>e, la<b>ng</b></i></span> </td> <td>lo<b>ng</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiceless bilabial plosive">p</a></span></big> </td> <td><span title="Kölsch-language text"><i lang="ksh"><b>P</b>eck, A<b>pp</b>el, Ka<b>pp</b></i></span> </td> <td><b>p</b>eck </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_fricative" title="Voiced uvular fricative">ʁ</a></span></big> </td> <td><span title="Kölsch-language text"><i lang="ksh"><b>R</b>ään, wa<b>r</b>e</i></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Guttural_r" class="mw-redirect" title="Guttural r"><i>guttural</i> r</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a></span></big> </td> <td><span title="Kölsch-language text"><i lang="ksh">fa<b>s</b>te, Ba<b>ß</b></i></span> </td> <td>bu<b>s</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless postalveolar fricative">ʃ</a></span></big> </td> <td><span title="Kölsch-language text"><i lang="ksh"><b>sch</b>äl, Mö<b>sch</b>e, Bö<b>sch</b></i></span> </td> <td>bu<b>sh</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar plosive">t</a></span></big> </td> <td><span title="Kölsch-language text"><i lang="ksh"><b>T</b>oon, kö<b>tt</b>e, Bü<b>tt</b></i></span> </td> <td><b>t</b>one </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless alveolar affricate">ts</a></span></big> </td> <td><span title="Kölsch-language text"><i lang="ksh"><b>Z</b>upp, Mä<b>tz</b>e, Fu<b>z</b></i></span> </td> <td>pi<b>zz</b>a </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless postalveolar affricate">tʃ</a></span></big> </td> <td><span title="Kölsch-language text"><i lang="ksh"><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/9\/99\/Ksh-M-Tsch%C3%B6%C3%B6.ogg\/Ksh-M-Tsch%C3%B6%C3%B6.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<b>tsch<\/b>\u00f6"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Ksh-M-Tsch\u00f6\u00f6.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/99/Ksh-M-Tsch%C3%B6%C3%B6.ogg/Ksh-M-Tsch%C3%B6%C3%B6.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><b>tsch</b>ö</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Ksh-M-Tsch%C3%B6%C3%B6.ogg" title="File:Ksh-M-Tschöö.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>, le<b>tsch</b>e, Ma<b>tsch</b></i></span> </td> <td><b>ch</b>at </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiced labiodental fricative">v</a></span></big> </td> <td><span title="Kölsch-language text"><i lang="ksh"><b>V</b>as, ö<b>vv</b>er</i></span> </td> <td><b>v</b>ast </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a></span></big> </td> <td><span title="Kölsch-language text"><i lang="ksh"><b>w</b>at</i></span> </td> <td><b>w</b>ill </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_fricative" title="Voiceless velar fricative">x</a></span></big> </td> <td><span title="Kölsch-language text"><i lang="ksh">Wo<b>ch</b>e, Lo<b>ch</b></i></span> </td> <td><i>Scottish</i> lo<b>ch</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiced alveolar fricative">z</a></span></big> </td> <td><span title="Kölsch-language text"><i lang="ksh"><b>S</b>unn, lä<b>ss</b>e</i></span> </td> <td><b>z</b>one </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Glottal_stop" title="Glottal stop">ʔ</a></span></big> </td> <td><span title="Kölsch-language text"><i lang="ksh"><b>|</b>it, be<b>|</b>erdije, perdü<b>|</b></i></span> </td> <td>uh<b>-</b>oh </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable unicode"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Pitch_accent" class="mw-redirect" title="Pitch accent">Pitch accent</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>IPA</th> <th>Colognian <br/>examples</th> <th>English <br/>approximation</th> <th>Explanation </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Stress_(linguistics)" title="Stress (linguistics)">ˈ</a></span></big> </td> <td><span title="Kölsch-language text"><i lang="ksh"><b>Bahn</b>hoffstrohße</i></span> </td> <td>into<b>na</b>tion </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Primary_stress" class="mw-redirect" title="Primary stress">primary stress</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big> <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Secondary_stress" title="Secondary stress">ˌ</a></span> </big> </td> <td><span title="Kölsch-language text"><i lang="ksh">Bahnhoff<b>stroh</b>ße</i></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Secondary_stress" title="Secondary stress">secondary stress</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">◌̂</span> </big> </td> <td colspan="2"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ˈʃtîːf/</span> "stiffness", <br/><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ˈhûːs/</span> "house (dat.)", <br/><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ˈʃlɛ̂ːʃ/</span> "beats (n. pl.)", <br/><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ˈzêi/</span> "sieve", <br/><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ˈkân/</span> "(tea)pot, jug"<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>falling <a href="/wiki/Tone_(linguistics)" title="Tone (linguistics)">tone</a><br/>(<i>Stoßton</i>,<br/>Accent 1) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">◌́</span> </big> </td> <td colspan="2"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ˈzǿlts/</span> <a href="/wiki/S%C3%BClz" title="Sülz">Sülz</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>high <a href="/wiki/Tone_(linguistics)" title="Tone (linguistics)">tone</a><br/>(<i>Schleifton</i>,<br/>Accent 2) </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;"> <table class="wikitable unicode"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Vowel" title="Vowel">Vowels</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>IPA</th> <th>Colognian examples</th> <th>English approximation </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">aː</span></big> </td> <td><span title="Kölsch-language text"><i lang="ksh">Pl<b>aa</b>t, B<b>ar</b>, <b>Ah</b>le, B<b>ah</b>n</i></span> </td> <td>br<b>a</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open front unrounded vowel">a</a></span></big> </td> <td><span title="Kölsch-language text"><i lang="ksh"><b>A</b>x, sp<b>a</b>ck,</i></span> </td> <td>br<b>a</b>, but short </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">eː</span></big> </td> <td><span title="Kölsch-language text"><i lang="ksh"><b>E</b>lend, F<b>ee</b>z, B<b>ee</b>t</i></span> </td> <td><i>somewhat like</i> pl<b>ay</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">e</a></span></big> </td> <td><span title="Kölsch-language text"><i lang="ksh"><b>e</b>njonn, s<b>e</b>ze</i></span> </td> <td><i>somewhat like</i> pl<b>ay</b>, but short </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɛː</span></big> </td> <td><span title="Kölsch-language text"><i lang="ksh"><b>Ää</b>pel, P<b>ää</b>d, <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/2\/24\/Ksh-N%C3%A4%C3%A4.ogg\/Ksh-N%C3%A4%C3%A4.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"n<b>\u00e4\u00e4<\/b>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Ksh-N\u00e4\u00e4.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/24/Ksh-N%C3%A4%C3%A4.ogg/Ksh-N%C3%A4%C3%A4.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">n<b>ää</b></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Ksh-N%C3%A4%C3%A4.ogg" title="File:Ksh-Nää.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>, <b>ää</b>nz, N<b>äh</b>l</i></span> </td> <td>f<b>ai</b>ry </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid front unrounded vowel">ɛ</a></span></big> </td> <td><span title="Kölsch-language text"><i lang="ksh"><b>E</b>ck, h<b>ä</b>tt, d<b>ä</b>!</i></span> </td> <td>b<b>e</b>d </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">iː</span></big> </td> <td><span title="Kölsch-language text"><i lang="ksh"><b>Ie</b>ß, P<b>ie</b>f, d<b>i</b>, <b>ie</b>ser, D<b>ie</b>r, auw<b>ieh</b>!</i></span> </td> <td><b>ea</b>t </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">i</a></span></big> </td> <td><span title="Kölsch-language text"><i lang="ksh">m<b>i</b></i></span> </td> <td>cit<b>y</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Near-close_near-front_unrounded_vowel" title="Near-close near-front unrounded vowel">ɪ</a></span></big> </td> <td><span title="Kölsch-language text"><i lang="ksh"><b>i</b>n, Fr<b>i</b>ko</i></span> </td> <td>s<b>i</b>t </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɔː</span></big> </td> <td><span title="Kölsch-language text"><i lang="ksh"><b>Oo</b>ß, P<b>oo</b>z, b<b>ooh</b>, <b>Oh</b>ß, P<b>oh</b>l, j<b>o</b></i></span> </td> <td><b>o</b>ff, but long </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Open-mid back rounded vowel">ɔ</a></span></big> </td> <td><span title="Kölsch-language text"><i lang="ksh"><b>o</b>ffe, d<b>o</b>ll, m<b>er</b></i></span> </td> <td><b>o</b>ff </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">œː</span></big> </td> <td><span title="Kölsch-language text"><i lang="ksh"><b>Öö</b>schel, p<b>ö</b>ze, Bl<b>ööh</b>, <b>Ö</b>l, P<b>öh</b>l</i></span> </td> <td rowspan="4"><i>somewhat like</i> <b>ur</b>gent </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_front_rounded_vowel" title="Open-mid front rounded vowel">œ</a></span></big> </td> <td><span title="Kölsch-language text"><i lang="ksh"><b>Ö</b>schel, P<b>ö</b>tt</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">øː</span></big> </td> <td><span title="Kölsch-language text"><i lang="ksh"><b>Öö</b>z, k<b>öö</b>ze, bl<b>eu</b>, R<b>ö</b>sje, Br<b>öh</b></i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front rounded vowel">ø</a></span></big> </td> <td><span title="Kölsch-language text"><i lang="ksh"><b>Ö</b>llije, K<b>ö</b>tt, ?<b>ö</b>mjonn</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">oː</span></big> </td> <td><span title="Kölsch-language text"><i lang="ksh"><b>Oo</b>schel, k<b>oo</b>t, <b>Oh</b>m, D<b>oo</b>ch, Niv<b>oh</b></i></span> </td> <td>m<b>o</b>re (long) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel">o</a></span></big> </td> <td><span title="Kölsch-language text"><i lang="ksh"><b>o</b>p, l<b>o</b>vve, d<b>o</b></i></span> </td> <td>st<b>o</b>ry (short) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʊː</span></big> </td> <td><span title="Kölsch-language text"><i lang="ksh">Pattev<b>u</b>el</i></span> </td> <td>t<b>oo</b>k (long) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Near-close_near-back_rounded_vowel" title="Near-close near-back rounded vowel">ʊ</a></span></big> </td> <td><span title="Kölsch-language text"><i lang="ksh"><b>u</b>s, H<b>u</b>nk, d<b>o</b>, ?B<b>u</b>nn</i></span> </td> <td>t<b>oo</b>k (short) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">uː</span></big> </td> <td><span title="Kölsch-language text"><i lang="ksh"><b>u</b>ze, Pl<b>uu</b>te, Schm<b>u</b>, <b>Uh</b>r, B<b>u</b>d, es<b>u</b></i></span> </td> <td>p<b>oo</b>l (long) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">u</a></span></big> </td> <td><span title="Kölsch-language text"><i lang="ksh"><b>U</b>ssel, F<b>u</b>z</i></span> </td> <td>p<b>oo</b>l (short) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">yː</span></big> </td> <td><span title="Kölsch-language text"><i lang="ksh"><b>üü</b>ßerlech, s<b>üh</b>t, <b>Üü</b>l, L<b>üü</b>ß, perd<b>ü</b></i></span> </td> <td rowspan="3"><i>somewhat like</i> c<b>u</b>te </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_front_rounded_vowel" title="Close front rounded vowel">y</a></span></big> </td> <td><span title="Kölsch-language text"><i lang="ksh"><b>ü</b>vver, m<b>ü</b>je</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Near-close_near-front_rounded_vowel" title="Near-close near-front rounded vowel">ʏ</a></span></big> </td> <td><span title="Kölsch-language text"><i lang="ksh"><b>ü</b>ch, t<b>ü</b>ntele</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">aɪ</span></big> </td> <td><span title="Kölsch-language text"><i lang="ksh"><b>ei</b>, <b>Ei</b>ter, W<b>eih</b>naach, zw<b>ei</b>, <b>Ei</b>er, W<b>eih</b>er, Pav<b>ei</b></i></span> </td> <td>t<b>ie</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">aːʊ</span></big> </td> <td><span title="Kölsch-language text"><i lang="ksh"><b>Au</b>to, Str<b>au</b>ß, m<b>au</b></i></span> </td> <td rowspan="2"><b>ou</b>t </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">aʊ</span></big> </td> <td><span title="Kölsch-language text"><i lang="ksh"><b>Au</b>flach, Z<b>au</b>ß, Schab<b>au</b>, ?z<b>au</b>bere, ?Kak<b>au</b></i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">eɪ</span></big> </td> <td><span title="Kölsch-language text"><i lang="ksh"><b>ei</b>, <b>ei</b>ns, Z<b>ei</b>dung, s<b>ei</b>, <b>ei</b>ne, z<b>ei</b>je, Schn<b>ei</b></i></span> </td> <td><b>a</b>lien, m<b>a</b>nia, b<b>ay</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">iɐ̯</span></big> </td> <td><span title="Kölsch-language text"><i lang="ksh">L<b>iehr</b>, ?Zott<b>ier</b></i></span> </td> <td><i>similar to</i> d<b>ear</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">oʊ</span></big> </td> <td><span title="Kölsch-language text"><i lang="ksh"><b>Au</b>ge, B<b>au</b>m, h<b>au</b>, <b>Au</b>g, s<b>au</b>ge, H<b>au</b></i></span> </td> <td><i>similar to</i> g<b>oa</b>l </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɔʏ</span></big> </td> <td><span title="Kölsch-language text"><i lang="ksh">Schn<b>äu</b>zer, H<b>eu</b>, H<b>äu</b>che, H<b>äu</b></i></span> </td> <td><i>similar to</i> b<b>oy</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">øʏ</span></big> </td> <td><span title="Kölsch-language text"><i lang="ksh">Str<b>äu</b>f, Sp<b>äu</b>, <b>Äu</b>jelche, B<b>äu</b>m, <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-3" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/e\/e4\/Ksh-M-n%C3%B6%C3%BC_%281%29.ogg\/Ksh-M-n%C3%B6%C3%BC_%281%29.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"n<b>eu<\/b>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Ksh-M-n\u00f6\u00fc (1).ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e4/Ksh-M-n%C3%B6%C3%BC_%281%29.ogg/Ksh-M-n%C3%B6%C3%BC_%281%29.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">n<b>eu</b></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Ksh-M-n%C3%B6%C3%BC_(1).ogg" title="File:Ksh-M-nöü (1).ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></i></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Reduced vowels </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Near-open_central_vowel" title="Near-open central vowel">ɐ</a></span></big> </td> <td><span title="Kölsch-language text"><i lang="ksh">v<b>er</b>donn, Vatt<b>er</b></i></span> </td> <td>n<b>u</b>t <i>or</i> sof<b>a</b> <i>(but not</i> bal<b>a</b>nce<i>)</i><sup id="cite_ref-schwas_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schwas-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Mid_central_vowel" title="Mid central vowel">ə</a></span></big> </td> <td><span title="Kölsch-language text"><i lang="ksh"><b>e</b>, <b>e</b>n, b<b>e</b>don, d<b>e</b></i></span> </td> <td>bal<b>a</b>nce <i>(but not</i> sof<b>a</b><i>)</i><sup id="cite_ref-schwas_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schwas-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Notes" data-mw-thread-id="h-Notes"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Notes"></span>Notes<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Notes"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:IPA/Colognian&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-jejotallophones-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jejotallophones_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jejotallophones_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">The <a href="/wiki/Phone_(phonetics)" title="Phone (phonetics)">phone</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiced postalveolar fricative">ʒ</a>]</span> occurs also often as a positional <a href="/wiki/Allophone" title="Allophone">allophone</a> of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a>]</span> when a final <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless postalveolar fricative">ʃ</a>]</span> or <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Sj-sound" title="Sj-sound">ɧ</a>]</span> of a word stem is either followed by a vowel of a grammatical suffix or becomes voiced under the influence of a <a href="/wiki/Liaison_(linguistics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Liaison (linguistics)">liaison</a> or due to <a href="/wiki/Coarticulation" title="Coarticulation">coarticulation</a>. Under normal circumstances, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a>]</span> is used to transcribe these.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Only occurs on stressed vowels. Though a falling tone in Cologne, realizations vary by dialect and accent. Compare these "accent 1" words with their "accent 2" words <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ˈʃtiːf/</span> "stiff", <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ˈhuːs/</span> "house (nom./acc.)", <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ˈʃlɛːʃ/</span> "bad", <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/zei/</span> "she", <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/kan/</span> "(I/he) can" without <i>Stoßton</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Only occurs on stressed vowels. Though a high tone in Cologne, realizations vary by dialect and accent.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-schwas-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-schwas_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-schwas_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">As several other Germanic languages, Colognian has mid <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Mid_central_vowel" title="Mid central vowel">ə</a>]</span> and open <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Near-open_central_vowel" title="Near-open central vowel">ɐ</a>]</span> schwas. Care must be taken to clearly distinguish between the two. In English, the former appears in words such as <i>bal<b>a</b>nce</i>, <i>cann<b>o</b>n</i> and <i>chairm<b>a</b>n</i> and the latter variably in <i>sof<b>a</b></i>, <i>Chin<b>a</b></i> (especially at the very end of utterance) and, in some dialects, also in <i><b>a</b>go</i> and <i><b>a</b>gain</i>, but one needs to remember that Colognian <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Near-open_central_vowel" title="Near-open central vowel">ɐ</a>]</span> has no such free variation and is always open, just as <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Mid_central_vowel" title="Mid central vowel">ə</a>]</span> is always mid. In some English dialects, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʌ/</span> in words such as <i>n<b>u</b>t</i> and <i>str<b>u</b>t</i> is a perfect replacement for Colognian <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Near-open_central_vowel" title="Near-open central vowel">ɐ</a>]</span>, but the latter is an unstressed-only vowel that can also appear in open syllables, which generally cannot be said about the English <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʌ/</span>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Bibliography" data-mw-thread-id="h-Bibliography"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Bibliography"></span>Bibliography<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Bibliography"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:IPA/Colognian&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHoenig1905" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hoenig, Fritz (1905). <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Wörterbuch der Kölner Mundart</i></span></i> (in German) (2nd ed.). Köln.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%3Cspan+title%3D%22German-language+text%22%3E%3Ci+lang%3D%22de%22%3EW%C3%B6rterbuch+der+K%C3%B6lner+Mundart%3C%2Fi%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft.place=K%C3%B6ln&rft.edition=2nd&rft.date=1905&rft.aulast=Hoenig&rft.aufirst=Fritz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelp%3AIPA%2FColognian" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeike1964" class="citation book cs1">Heike, Georg (1964). "<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Zur Phonologie der Stadtkölner Mundart. Eine experimentelle Untersuchung der akustischen Unterscheidungsmerkmale</i></span>". <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Deutsche Dialektgeographie</i></span></i>. Vol. 57. Marburg: Elwert-Verlag.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%3Cspan+title%3D%22German-language+text%22%3E%3Ci+lang%3D%22de%22%3EZur+Phonologie+der+Stadtk%C3%B6lner+Mundart.+Eine+experimentelle+Untersuchung+der+akustischen+Unterscheidungsmerkmale%3C%2Fi%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft.btitle=%3Cspan+title%3D%22German-language+text%22%3E%3Ci+lang%3D%22de%22%3EDeutsche+Dialektgeographie%3C%2Fi%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft.place=Marburg&rft.pub=Elwert-Verlag&rft.date=1964&rft.aulast=Heike&rft.aufirst=Georg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelp%3AIPA%2FColognian" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFroitzheim1984" class="citation book cs1">Froitzheim, Claudia (1984). "<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Artikulationsnormen der Umgangssprache in Köln</i></span>". <i>Continuum</i>. <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Schriftenreihe zur Linguistik</i></span>. Vol. 2. Tübingen: Narr. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-87808-332-7" title="Special:BookSources/3-87808-332-7"><bdi>3-87808-332-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%3Cspan+title%3D%22German-language+text%22%3E%3Ci+lang%3D%22de%22%3EArtikulationsnormen+der+Umgangssprache+in+K%C3%B6ln%3C%2Fi%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft.btitle=Continuum&rft.place=T%C3%BCbingen&rft.series=%3Cspan+title%3D%22German-language+text%22%3E%3Ci+lang%3D%22de%22%3ESchriftenreihe+zur+Linguistik%3C%2Fi%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft.pub=Narr&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=3-87808-332-7&rft.aulast=Froitzheim&rft.aufirst=Claudia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelp%3AIPA%2FColognian" class="Z3988"></span> (Also <a href="/wiki/Dissertation" class="mw-redirect" title="Dissertation">Dissertation</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cologne" title="University of Cologne">University of Cologne</a>, 1983).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWrede1999" class="citation book cs1">Wrede, Adam (1999). <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Neuer Kölnischer Sprachschatz</i></span></i> (12th ed.). Köln: Greven Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-7743-0243-X" title="Special:BookSources/3-7743-0243-X"><bdi>3-7743-0243-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%3Cspan+title%3D%22German-language+text%22%3E%3Ci+lang%3D%22de%22%3ENeuer+K%C3%B6lnischer+Sprachschatz%3C%2Fi%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft.place=K%C3%B6ln&rft.edition=12th&rft.pub=Greven+Verlag&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=3-7743-0243-X&rft.aulast=Wrede&rft.aufirst=Adam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelp%3AIPA%2FColognian" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBhattHerrwegen2005" class="citation book cs1">Bhatt, Christa; Herrwegen, Alice (2005). <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Das Kölsche Wörterbuch</i></span></i> (2nd ed.). Köln: J. P. Bachem-Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-7616-1942-1" title="Special:BookSources/3-7616-1942-1"><bdi>3-7616-1942-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%3Cspan+title%3D%22German-language+text%22%3E%3Ci+lang%3D%22de%22%3EDas+K%C3%B6lsche+W%C3%B6rterbuch%3C%2Fi%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft.place=K%C3%B6ln&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=J.+P.+Bachem-Verlag&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=3-7616-1942-1&rft.aulast=Bhatt&rft.aufirst=Christa&rft.au=Herrwegen%2C+Alice&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelp%3AIPA%2FColognian" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <p><i>For another simpler <a href="/wiki/Phoneme" title="Phoneme">phonemic</a> writing system of <a href="/wiki/West_Middle_German" class="mw-redirect" title="West Middle German">West Middle German</a> and <a href="/wiki/Meuse-Rhenish" title="Meuse-Rhenish">Meuse-Rhenish</a> including Colognian, see:</i> </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHonnen1987" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Honnen" title="Peter Honnen">Honnen, Peter</a> (1987). <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Rheinische_Dokumenta" title="Rheinische Dokumenta">Rheinische Dokumenta</a>: Lautschrift für <a href="/wiki/Rhinelandic" title="Rhinelandic">Rheinische Mundarten</a>, Mundartdokumentation im Rheinland</i></span></i>. presented following the previous works of Fritz Langensiepen (2nd ed.). Köln: Rheinland-Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-7927-0947-3" title="Special:BookSources/3-7927-0947-3"><bdi>3-7927-0947-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%3Cspan+title%3D%22German-language+text%22%3E%3Ci+lang%3D%22de%22%3ERheinische+Dokumenta%3A+Lautschrift+f%C3%BCr+Rheinische+Mundarten%2C+Mundartdokumentation+im+Rheinland%3C%2Fi%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft.place=K%C3%B6ln&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Rheinland-Verlag&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=3-7927-0947-3&rft.aulast=Honnen&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelp%3AIPA%2FColognian" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="See_also" data-mw-thread-id="h-See_also"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-See_also"></span>See also<span data-mw-comment-end="h-See_also"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:IPA/Colognian&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_Colognian_IPA" title="Category:Pages with Colognian IPA">Category:Pages with Colognian IPA</a> (50)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Greenlandic" title="Help:IPA/Greenlandic">Greenlandic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Gujarati" title="Help:IPA/Gujarati">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Haitian_Creole" title="Help:IPA/Haitian Creole">Haitian Creole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hawaiian" title="Help:IPA/Hawaiian">Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hebrew" title="Help:IPA/Hebrew">Hebrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hindi_and_Urdu" title="Help:IPA/Hindi and Urdu">Hindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hmong" title="Help:IPA/Hmong">Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hungarian" title="Help:IPA/Hungarian">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Icelandic" title="Help:IPA/Icelandic">Icelandic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Igbo" title="Help:IPA/Igbo">Igbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Malay" title="Help:IPA/Malay">Indonesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Inuktitut" title="Help:IPA/Inuktitut">Inuktitut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Inupiaq" title="Help:IPA/Inupiaq">Inupiaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Irish" title="Help:IPA/Irish">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lao" title="Help:IPA/Lao">Isan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian" title="Help:IPA/Italian">Italian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Central_Italian" title="Help:IPA/Central Italian">Central</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Kazakh" title="Help:IPA/Kazakh">Kazakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Khmer" title="Help:IPA/Khmer">Khmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Korean" title="Help:IPA/Korean">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Kurdish" title="Help:IPA/Kurdish">Kurdish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Kyrgyz" title="Help:IPA/Kyrgyz">Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lakota" title="Help:IPA/Lakota">Lakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lao" title="Help:IPA/Lao">Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Latin" title="Help:IPA/Latin">Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Latvian" title="Help:IPA/Latvian">Latvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Ligurian" title="Help:IPA/Ligurian">Ligurian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lithuanian" title="Help:IPA/Lithuanian">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lombard" title="Help:IPA/Lombard">Lombard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Luxembourgish" title="Help:IPA/Luxembourgish">Luxembourgish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Macedonian" title="Help:IPA/Macedonian">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Malagasy" title="Help:IPA/Malagasy">Malagasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Malay" title="Help:IPA/Malay">Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Malayalam" title="Help:IPA/Malayalam">Malayalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Maltese" title="Help:IPA/Maltese">Maltese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandinka" title="Help:IPA/Mandinka">Mandinka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Manx" title="Help:IPA/Manx">Manx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/M%C4%81ori" title="Help:IPA/Māori">Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Marathi" title="Help:IPA/Marathi">Marathi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Marshallese" title="Help:IPA/Marshallese">Marshallese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mauritian_Creole" title="Help:IPA/Mauritian Creole">Mauritian Creole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mayan" title="Help:IPA/Mayan">Mayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mongolian" title="Help:IPA/Mongolian">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Astur-Leonese" title="Help:IPA/Astur-Leonese">Mirandese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nahuatl" title="Help:IPA/Nahuatl">Nahuatl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Navajo" title="Help:IPA/Navajo">Navajo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Neapolitan" title="Help:IPA/Neapolitan">Neapolitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nepali" title="Help:IPA/Nepali">Nepali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Northern_Thai" title="Help:IPA/Northern Thai">Northern Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Norwegian" title="Help:IPA/Norwegian">Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Occitan" title="Help:IPA/Occitan">Occitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Odia" title="Help:IPA/Odia">Odia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Pashto" title="Help:IPA/Pashto">Pashto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Persian" title="Help:IPA/Persian">Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Piedmontese" title="Help:IPA/Piedmontese">Piedmontese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Polish" title="Help:IPA/Polish">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Portuguese" title="Help:IPA/Portuguese">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Punjabi" title="Help:IPA/Punjabi">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Quechua" title="Help:IPA/Quechua">Quechua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Romanian" title="Help:IPA/Romanian">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Romansh" title="Help:IPA/Romansh">Romansh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Russian" title="Help:IPA/Russian">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Sanskrit" title="Help:IPA/Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Sardinian" title="Help:IPA/Sardinian">Sardinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Help:IPA/Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Serbo-Croatian" title="Help:IPA/Serbo-Croatian">Serbo-Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Shan_and_Tai_Lue" title="Help:IPA/Shan and Tai Lue">Shan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Sicilian" title="Help:IPA/Sicilian">Sicilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Slovak" title="Help:IPA/Slovak">Slovak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Slovene" title="Help:IPA/Slovene">Slovene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Sorbian" title="Help:IPA/Sorbian">Sorbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Swahili" title="Help:IPA/Swahili">Swahili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nguni" title="Help:IPA/Nguni">Swazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Swedish" title="Help:IPA/Swedish">Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Sylheti" title="Help:IPA/Sylheti">Sylheti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tagalog" title="Help:IPA/Tagalog">Tagalog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Shan_and_Tai_Lue" title="Help:IPA/Shan and Tai Lue">Tai Lue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Persian" title="Help:IPA/Persian">Tajik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tamil" title="Help:IPA/Tamil">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tatar" title="Help:IPA/Tatar">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Telugu" title="Help:IPA/Telugu">Telugu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Thai" title="Help:IPA/Thai">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tibetan" title="Help:IPA/Tibetan">Tibetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tigrinya" title="Help:IPA/Tigrinya">Tigrinya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Turkish" title="Help:IPA/Turkish">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Turkmen" title="Help:IPA/Turkmen">Turkmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Ukrainian" title="Help:IPA/Ukrainian">Ukrainian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hindi_and_Urdu" title="Help:IPA/Hindi and Urdu">Urdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Uzbek" title="Help:IPA/Uzbek">Uzbek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Venetian" title="Help:IPA/Venetian">Venetian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Vietnamese" title="Help:IPA/Vietnamese">Vietnamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Walloon" title="Help:IPA/Walloon">Walloon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Welsh" title="Help:IPA/Welsh">Welsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/West_Frisian" title="Help:IPA/West Frisian">West Frisian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nguni" title="Help:IPA/Nguni">Xhosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Yiddish" title="Help:IPA/Yiddish">Yiddish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Yoruba" title="Help:IPA/Yoruba">Yoruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Zhuang" title="Help:IPA/Zhuang">Zhuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nguni" title="Help:IPA/Nguni">Zulu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Comparisons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Conventions_for_English" title="Help:IPA/Conventions for English">IPA conventions for English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet_chart_for_English_dialects" class="mw-redirect" title="International Phonetic Alphabet chart for English dialects">English dialects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">Wikipedia pronunciation respelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pronunciation_respelling_for_English" title="Pronunciation respelling for English">Other English pronunciation respellings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Introductory guides</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Introduction" title="Help:IPA/Introduction">For English speakers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation">Manual of Style: Pronunciation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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