CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9135952d58da409b',cH: '_eObJ2gD77cPtYJzs61GOuUkJLdRmVZhEWOQsybCgno-1739793266-1.2.1.1-XALRbZGKZ3TOPJ1RMpQfysC5yW8LQSrxUsHYIjF5He9AOA9U68mcr9VwgFLEgKk6',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=C.%20Siew%20Chin&__cf_chl_tk=bdUzCQtOH4np2mD6rEAB_POa96q6eksqgGBETo3e_vI-1739793266-1.0.1.1-Ef2RMJvQ25aVFF3Dk8pF6si.TaPmlSOdqRcPauwSg4s",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739793266',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=C.%20Siew%20Chin&__cf_chl_f_tk=bdUzCQtOH4np2mD6rEAB_POa96q6eksqgGBETo3e_vI-1739793266-1.0.1.1-Ef2RMJvQ25aVFF3Dk8pF6si.TaPmlSOdqRcPauwSg4s",md: "NBkWq69tKPNfnxhYlQA5taV46mT_aLRvlbIPm7atybI-1739793266-1.2.1.1-GbsuRHYKMfacAQmM.Vdb.LYFrCTcjQao.FWDBwhMz.Z304Jq6cUDjBvtTmeuCYplRkC3vnxWXiFNJvv9pavyQnV5cIR_NQoBMFTkTgZ_uR3_mq3cXbVPoBT3XA04VqYfKrQNdzflbxnplzp3zy2TbG..hkDnve4YEwV98fElw5nJzi8IX3PiRIMPX_ceRR2Vn4MlTwoBBo1UHATGZA6CWfCQFpX0eG9Z8VnZsicwoC1Oq4EpwrT2P30WXrHCtqG7m5DyHLLQ8oTIMfi667lCuaAf0aqoiAj8EGY6Woyl3Pu3LwYx7XOASGuI5x7xANFxjargc751ZJCxUm2gmQlhMtOOMLpKn5UW5Witzf3SuoeZOGp7Q.FahMg._vpKyOq1dzBqE0XY_8vggzJ.KxbAOb8Gj0EhGOY6qX4KI1G0Ref0irm5ZA5BbumqRq9p6ssue7tcesCjLgklyNqds2IXDhYwwAWcW0kyXHzA02HYsObKdxicZCo3h0HdjxIedYuhgqx63SACl1EKlybEUHo3vZ1lbo9AU1LubxTyO0yzx_RbzQHrK_uhdug86PMNSCVPidnoVrN0tP6A9n4M1yMRN3PN04z2zQfgC0wSmio0tceC9j11CCt6079ajihRFBsC1FrAv_XuOHOCz7qRnT5Vs5E1MjW.zCAnFPc6evwL..YtC7TXM_o57uvdz6YjY669a7cq7SP7xap9KevfU4DHBaa4rq4dF1UrcmLSDiJzA_e.N8whhM.p.DP55B9Dj60_FLL6.1UyT_ZheFelDO.ALIHUpi7pPi9lH5TbCoWkv_cqCF5p2QiISx1y0nvS_2maPPlXvElyGE4_r.DwG3ydcV0nkmWhMxh7VA9dj_3FAGxKaWWjnU4RzaUpdo_oVgwATiMfVWrGh5jsCxqrxoQYjMOqzXyY3GN28r1zbUZnL_aDKQAnP0S_4e8c6lydcWuynR_b6JIbZ77gKobnk8EMjuVUZaSaA.Dm_i2j_AI4VmtITcFw7XzMXjGU8YhTYPCEkRnrgQN1a7kwvVS.uIY.qUnHlKwg.cWBNS3BgakOeBOtR_L_a7zZzuCeJm9cGHO_ty7M4TQhbsmQQAdgDXzrJwkcxGzeQx7D4najfwH1nvpeEdcDB.FuGp33xsJpHo6kEG8.IjWXAq_eLSxnsD7Tg.SOipUI9wfEX21vsTfCfVmbGjImgufOCY8AweWjefFp_DE1loW0tTHETZ0843mEDzayQvl7Bf8ukzKLZ6MoCw9p_O8_lOhL6wQtqin5QUjlfXfxxmXtJenDZhKkh9E1OL0AztI3R.HRg5w.o9DvGxY3HuDb1mgyR7NbpEY7gQcw7FGaf0hhgwIozh4zHJv4.LaTAKTuCIzCvVm5uxU.ihjcDxsEsA1BUuAXSyzcn1WAInnNfbM.Gb_mqMOenkMSdvwti0xNn_pGtNthA._KnzhiaeuCzLnvxu0Pfj_H6JQ_omgDRw.16eHacwdccBnrf16A1M8sD.qBA5UN2ihhrJjEoDVnHWJSirXljJbq6E8zcyDSOqUA5Acn4eVHtsKx1LDsR5s.cUcc3QgGo._Cngkhse_eJF3OBwc17PjzZo01NpRoJRMKjX_ER8SLndV0xL2g.RDbh2Mm2YjdtkGG0CSyKcxUX5pUxGriYgTC6RfDO6air3DShdMdW10ovAtJO5hGziZbuK_X1bCdepVHMVvnRYCwZZmtjqv08mH07oayMmukD3m2AJgC3Wu4Yn4KYsMug3_a1K1frC6rh4dGASlQaw4WtDYcfzCZ7o.1r1lZTKbNA.HOJRs5X_OUZqhEmf9khAGRR0SXNvBfYXwojNcrERImG9aN4oVLmAoi6.QNxQlSRfdNz1HJj9kpPwQu5oMUn_qj3xce71vArm_kqYptHnP8twRlm6MCKItuJq7FxvZ0r2UmJVAxmbjv1Uq8xCEqf4NIBA3ZqDgbOAfz39k",mdrd: "FwsCvFJw3vBB_i._J7EC0spypKZruP_3tjiiRmgrW8g-1739793266-1.2.1.1-oNPtLO.XizALH0cSMiDhyiEJEERLdO77BiQBAD7EGJN_wyzes_gh3WAiLakpTVhn_GiwLaOUI.gCtZFBCRC6RiUGj_cZzWKk51_9YHPZtEicrDrGNsMQSvCLKmCGMIgkVq3RSlbCHLcGtCePHcCJ7hh0jP3kSZoLWGdzaofksD1vUUYO0Nz6WKiHw64LTP2F57bXs8ADMlt1VUF1EMBleZguV_zQ1.ettx6WnPv.XMaNqeQU8psGhbwFnVmkWhx1xVQr4Vz3A84__AOZkOaMq4QBoIk8FVAFL6VeigDL61dSD64lAE7oy2xmTN4xjMvRpRF44r7RoB_QZAkPWX3Z1YyhCKqYB_6a5LehdCF16aIrjUJtHW0o0d0sl3lY.bDj5WvrQ6qbXQGqMMF.xckCzJ_U_M6bjzu54fUsZ6SFRQ.q_JCIzxVCQEmrzA.y3vShyICqNO4Dtn8SE4Es02DrW2yRR24Nl0s30ZK3CePUMm8901pQGkHs8QRFFo_nWRsdnhEAmqM6wHIP43vAU0Z2Pqc02wIxyONOjYvmkxV1M._6_nznGBXfs9lymOY7YI9.wAMNS.HS1ovy8qzP.1xwmkeTwlIAC0ethkMMZCR.L4tOv11o0BcZ72kuY9AenFGvrpRWpWm3iTL_Y57TqknMFefEKHRMaYZfb6eClA8wV16e1bsmCLWUcC2DKZD4rNxfMf0a.qvuKY78KDgNdoROw8_dbMvfxVQ6B_jaijzGP1kUgjpb_9p1C148pRdoh9C4dTxvrWLIC2i3q55scsXIdwCthVtT1XMjzryNHs66CNaNJQFAa8d___BWJvEZfiGHIkLjD1zln8CGMsvT_WSL86Qhf0n6gWkxPJQqAl4RnE87YPwZwoid7FiuLZNMlMZBClySXbFuHHZbrKOjdjG_MJEiu8E3bd8TxWECNIRa6_4qsaIcYBoEOraSC773zi7g_JjEOGjCgi4uxwrYe3gtDgJj1P6nxIfONt5ijXz3564GuM71haecdFhlUCR7tFc7mMWV62JAtYjRqgfm7h4hWrp4XQ9E7YxFsBpCwz1SUvuFO5q.y_.KSD7e5GFp2RhnZcUaZq.aNC3q.rewPF4Lzt46WMO3B4fnHSfmuh7gmm.Jvoz0SZT95E6ZOsd8Bm5Ltmr2brw16Yd2TMaSgHsjuE1rjId4kmZZsojAqgqctk8bdwoU5WbNQB2xSlAwOlbnAY.JYcC22mKmdQ1FnJ9tVLtrrpJHzHaL5jKpmK4EQ5nRySk51N3Spv.kFxCWjALCYUnqkB127XVRh07eCtpm2M5Ta.VDDK0IVLAtFlnJ0IGl4eO1lEh0DQ_tFyhjRJcDh2tESfpwDSK.77czNHcysZRdvm5eVHyvNxW5Q2KxVpopsrWiXKf2Jzm08CsvtyN8BS_EYHG6O_oy4KUMJIQhsMBVFuZMNigkvdJfR4otczIDtgR0ua9FluH1BTsHpBxLAIi_0ZSaO2x2YIWHlnIa.SEbr4JmksOzkS0qWe8JWLI6PFTxbGPEvi9_mlIz0eeiViutQqxj8WrN_bMmrUgRmW4F1xuXG1yeCOwsGht20iB7O3PnMM9XWYvQoBy0aJYKz7.b2Bz15Mylk1KfAVaAxkoKKZmM2zTx_xglXgtDB1n3x0zfFYXI90vgVr1X2WOIKoJzX10kI5yjFORRjnydF0jxOvqKjs3Er26zfelmBZfJbLdh8v1IFNuPtDVpAII_xv3M_o93L._MDaRf6WPnHJSN3TcQx9sG6aB3ttDuZ_mD06xH9Ho.WTOAHeuj3rSKqOg3p8UpYe7Zeis3MpJ.0ZWH0E_k1bbQe9VF8KCojIe_3mF1VzlfPgvWVMhoL.EetSEEeoFfqvIAP7eD2cFG1.C0RfRkDzv8C4RUGw3A7o8muLFne6sIktE.LLEzf92XpwxQKpB.9wp3XYSmF6Mug6gN9J9.1VggpNLjHFIG_8QsACpPCWeQwnZXoGmhVkFx"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9135952d58da409b';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=C.%20Siew%20Chin&__cf_chl_rt_tk=bdUzCQtOH4np2mD6rEAB_POa96q6eksqgGBETo3e_vI-1739793266-1.0.1.1-Ef2RMJvQ25aVFF3Dk8pF6si.TaPmlSOdqRcPauwSg4s" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>