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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%AF%D9%81%E2%80%8C%DA%AF%D8%B0%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87" title="هدف‌گذاری دوباره – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هدف‌گذاری دوباره" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9affectation" title="Réaffectation – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Réaffectation" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A6%AC%ED%8D%BC%ED%8F%AC%EC%A7%95" title="리퍼포징 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="리퍼포징" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" 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href="/wiki/File:Plastic_Bottles_and_LED_Lights_repurposed_as_a_chandelier_during_Ramadan_in_Muslim_Quarter,_Jerusalem_2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Plastic_Bottles_and_LED_Lights_repurposed_as_a_chandelier_during_Ramadan_in_Muslim_Quarter%2C_Jerusalem_2011.jpg/170px-Plastic_Bottles_and_LED_Lights_repurposed_as_a_chandelier_during_Ramadan_in_Muslim_Quarter%2C_Jerusalem_2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Plastic_Bottles_and_LED_Lights_repurposed_as_a_chandelier_during_Ramadan_in_Muslim_Quarter%2C_Jerusalem_2011.jpg/255px-Plastic_Bottles_and_LED_Lights_repurposed_as_a_chandelier_during_Ramadan_in_Muslim_Quarter%2C_Jerusalem_2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Plastic_Bottles_and_LED_Lights_repurposed_as_a_chandelier_during_Ramadan_in_Muslim_Quarter%2C_Jerusalem_2011.jpg/340px-Plastic_Bottles_and_LED_Lights_repurposed_as_a_chandelier_during_Ramadan_in_Muslim_Quarter%2C_Jerusalem_2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="5184" /></a><figcaption>Plastic bottles (with LED lights) repurposed as a <a href="/wiki/Chandelier" title="Chandelier">chandelier</a> during <a href="/wiki/Ramadan" title="Ramadan">Ramadan</a> in the Muslim Quarter, <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> </figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:YorkStWilliamsCollege1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/YorkStWilliamsCollege1.jpg/220px-YorkStWilliamsCollege1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/YorkStWilliamsCollege1.jpg/330px-YorkStWilliamsCollege1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/YorkStWilliamsCollege1.jpg/440px-YorkStWilliamsCollege1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="5472" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/St_William%27s_College" title="St William's College">St William's College</a> (<a href="/wiki/York" title="York">York</a>) facade. The curved wood protrusions are probably repurposed ship frames.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:African_music_instrument_made_from_a_can_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/African_music_instrument_made_from_a_can_01.jpg/220px-African_music_instrument_made_from_a_can_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/African_music_instrument_made_from_a_can_01.jpg/330px-African_music_instrument_made_from_a_can_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/African_music_instrument_made_from_a_can_01.jpg/440px-African_music_instrument_made_from_a_can_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3968" data-file-height="2232" /></a><figcaption>African music instrument made from a food can</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Repurposing</b> is the process by which an object with one <a href="/wiki/Use_value" title="Use value">use value</a> is transformed or redeployed as an object with an alternative use value. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Repurposing&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Repurposing is as old as <a href="/wiki/Human_civilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Human civilization">human civilization</a>, with many contemporary scholars investigating how different societies re-appropriate the artifacts of older cultures in new and creative ways.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More recently, repurposing has been celebrated by 21st century hobbyists and arts-and-crafts organizations such as <a href="/wiki/Instructables" title="Instructables">Instructables</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Maker_culture" title="Maker culture">Maker culture</a> communities as a means of creatively responding to the ecological and economic crises of the 21st century. Recent scholarship has attempted to relate these activities to American left- and right-<a href="/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">libertarianism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Repurposing is the use of a tool being re-channeled into being another tool, usually for a purpose unintended by the original tool-maker. Typically, repurposing is done using items usually considered to be junk, garbage, or obsolete. A good example of this would be the <a href="/wiki/Earthship" title="Earthship">Earthship</a> style of house, that uses tires as insulating walls and bottles as glass walls. Reuse is not limited to repeated uses for the same purpose. Examples of repurposing include using tires as <a href="/wiki/Boat_fender" class="mw-redirect" title="Boat fender">boat fenders</a> and <a href="/wiki/Steel_drum" class="mw-redirect" title="Steel drum">steel drums</a> or plastic drums as <a href="/wiki/Feeding_trough" class="mw-redirect" title="Feeding trough">feeding troughs</a> and/or composting bins. <a href="/wiki/Incinerator" class="mw-redirect" title="Incinerator">Incinerator</a> and power plant exhaust stack <a href="/wiki/Fly-ash" class="mw-redirect" title="Fly-ash">fly-ash</a> is used extensively as an <a href="/wiki/Concrete_additive" class="mw-redirect" title="Concrete additive">additive to concrete</a>, providing increased strength. This type of reuse can sometimes make use of items which are no longer usable for their original purposes, for example using worn-out clothes as <a href="/wiki/Textile" title="Textile">rags</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Repurposing&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width: 230px; clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External videos</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FcZd2tfi2vg"><i>REUSE! Because You Can't Recycle the Planet</i> (Official Full Documentary), Alex Eaves</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:German_Stahlhelm_Army_helmets_reused_after_the_occupation_of_the_Netherlands_during_WW2,_enamelled_as_chamber_pot_and_strainer._Resistance_Museum_(Verzetsmuseum)_Amsterdam.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/German_Stahlhelm_Army_helmets_reused_after_the_occupation_of_the_Netherlands_during_WW2%2C_enamelled_as_chamber_pot_and_strainer._Resistance_Museum_%28Verzetsmuseum%29_Amsterdam.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/German_Stahlhelm_Army_helmets_reused_after_the_occupation_of_the_Netherlands_during_WW2%2C_enamelled_as_chamber_pot_and_strainer._Resistance_Museum_%28Verzetsmuseum%29_Amsterdam.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/German_Stahlhelm_Army_helmets_reused_after_the_occupation_of_the_Netherlands_during_WW2%2C_enamelled_as_chamber_pot_and_strainer._Resistance_Museum_%28Verzetsmuseum%29_Amsterdam.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="2340" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Stahlhelm" title="Stahlhelm">German military helmets</a> converted into a chamber pot and a strainer after World War II. Exhibits in the <a href="/wiki/Verzetsmuseum" title="Verzetsmuseum">Resistance Museum</a>, Amsterdam.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Skis_repurposed_as_a_bench.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Skis_repurposed_as_a_bench.jpg/220px-Skis_repurposed_as_a_bench.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Skis_repurposed_as_a_bench.jpg/330px-Skis_repurposed_as_a_bench.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Skis_repurposed_as_a_bench.jpg/440px-Skis_repurposed_as_a_bench.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1936" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ski" title="Ski">Skis</a> repurposed as a <a href="/wiki/Bench_(furniture)" title="Bench (furniture)">bench</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Art">Art</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Repurposing&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Art"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appropriation_(art)" title="Appropriation (art)">Appropriation (art)</a> is the repurposing of pre-existing objects or images with little or no transformation applied to them. The use of appropriation has played a significant role in the history of the arts (audiovisual, literary, musical and performing arts). In the audiovisual arts, to appropriate means to properly adopt, borrow, recycle or sample aspects (or the entire form) of human-made audiovisual culture. Notable in this respect are the <a href="/wiki/Readymades_of_Marcel_Duchamp" title="Readymades of Marcel Duchamp">Readymades of Marcel Duchamp</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sampling_(music)" title="Sampling (music)">sampling</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hip_Hop_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip Hop music">Hip Hop music</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steelpan" title="Steelpan">Steelpan</a> drums are created from oil drums</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Automobiles">Automobiles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Repurposing&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Automobiles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Full-size_van" class="mw-redirect" title="Full-size van">Full-size vans</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Big_Three_(automobile_manufacturers)" title="Big Three (automobile manufacturers)">Big Three</a> which have been used for airport shuttle service have been repurposed as church vans mainly because of some <a href="/wiki/Depreciation" title="Depreciation">depreciation</a> to facilitate affordable cost for thrifty church groups.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electronics">Electronics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Repurposing&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Electronics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>A <a href="/wiki/USB_dead_drop" title="USB dead drop">USB dead drop</a> can be mounted on a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brick_wall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brick wall (page does not exist)">brick wall</a> since this gives an opportunity to repurpose older USB flash drives with obsolete capacities to continue service for file transfer (especially anonymous ones) that don't demand more than one <a href="/wiki/Gigabyte" title="Gigabyte">gigabyte</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everdrive" class="mw-redirect" title="Everdrive">Everdrive</a> and other flash video game cartridges have offered opportunities to download <a href="/wiki/ROM_image" title="ROM image">ROM images</a> of video game cartridges onto <a href="/wiki/SD_card" title="SD card">SD cards</a> while offering opportunities to repurpose real vintage video game consoles for retro gameplay.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Old Android smartphones, which tend to have little computing resources yet which are unused and probably contain a triaxial <a href="/wiki/Accelerometer" title="Accelerometer">accelerometer</a> of decent specifications, can be used as an amateur seismograph node for a distributed seismography project, e.g., <a href="/wiki/Quake-Catcher_Network" title="Quake-Catcher Network">Quake-Catcher Network</a>.</li> <li>Discarded or new consumer COTS surplus parabolic reflectors intended for use for C band satellite TV reception can be repurposed for a wide gamut of applications for which a consumer-grade reflector of low gain is adequate, incl. amateur microwave SETI (mainly <a href="/wiki/Project_Argus" class="mw-redirect" title="Project Argus">Project Argus</a>), Wi-Fi links, and microwave <a href="/wiki/Amateur_radio" title="Amateur radio">amateur radio</a> <a href="/wiki/Radio_beacons" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio beacons">radio beacons</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="As_a_tactic_for_manufacturing_goods">As a tactic for manufacturing goods</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Repurposing&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: As a tactic for manufacturing goods"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Right-hand-drive" class="mw-redirect" title="Right-hand-drive">Right-hand-drive</a> <a href="/wiki/Jeep" title="Jeep">Jeep</a> brand vehicles, such as the <a href="/wiki/Jeep_Wrangler" title="Jeep Wrangler">Jeep Wrangler</a>, which are initially slated for import to right-hand-drive countries, have had some specially designed versions repurposed for US and Canada <a href="/wiki/Postal_service" class="mw-redirect" title="Postal service">postal service</a> mail carrying, in which this tactic of repurposing can consolidate the overhead of retooling for specialty manufacturing of the vehicle.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Manufacturing_of_recycled_goods">Manufacturing of recycled goods</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Repurposing&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Manufacturing of recycled goods"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reusable_packaging" title="Reusable packaging">Reusable packaging</a> can be reused for a wide variety of other purposes.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recycling" title="Recycling">Recycling</a> can also involve repurposing of materials, such as products using <a href="/wiki/Recycled_paper" class="mw-redirect" title="Recycled paper">recycled paper</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-debunking_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-debunking-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Drugs">Drugs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Repurposing&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Drugs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drug_repositioning" title="Drug repositioning">Drug repositioning</a> (also known as "drug repurposing" or "therapeutic switching") is the application of known <a href="/wiki/Medication" title="Medication">drugs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Compound_(chemistry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Compound (chemistry)">compounds</a> to treat new <a href="/wiki/Diseases" class="mw-redirect" title="Diseases">diseases</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-repurpose2011_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-repurpose2011-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Examples include <a href="/wiki/Pfizer" title="Pfizer">Pfizer</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Viagra" class="mw-redirect" title="Viagra">Viagra</a> for <a href="/wiki/Erectile_dysfunction" title="Erectile dysfunction">erectile dysfunction</a> and <a href="/wiki/Celgene" title="Celgene">Celgene</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Thalidomide" title="Thalidomide">thalidomide</a> for cancer.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Off-label_use" title="Off-label use">Off-label use</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Real_property">Real property</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Repurposing&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Real property"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Real_estate" title="Real estate">Real estate</a>, including land and <a href="/wiki/Building" title="Building">buildings</a>, is routinely <a href="/wiki/Adaptive_reuse" title="Adaptive reuse">adaptive reused</a> for other purposes, both short-term and long-term, due to its high fixed cost. An example is <a href="/wiki/Mill_conversion" title="Mill conversion">conversion of old industrial mills</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scrap_and_household_materials">Scrap and household materials</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Repurposing&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Scrap and household materials"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scrap_metal" class="mw-redirect" title="Scrap metal">Scrap metal</a> has countless applications for repurposing.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Furniture" title="Furniture">Furniture</a> has countless applications for repurposing.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Kitchen utensils have many unique repurposing opportunities.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Beverage bottles: <a href="/wiki/Water_bottle" title="Water bottle">Water bottles</a> may be repurposed for <a href="/wiki/Solar_water_disinfection" title="Solar water disinfection">solar water disinfection</a>. <a href="/wiki/Wat_Pa_Maha_Chedi_Kaew" title="Wat Pa Maha Chedi Kaew">Wat Pa Maha Chedi Kaew</a> is a Buddhist temple in Thailand made from one million discarded beer bottles.</li> <li>Removed house parts, like doors, also have countless potential repurposing applications.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SardiniaCoatHanger.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A ladder repurposed as a coat rack in Sardinia"><img alt="A ladder repurposed as a coat rack in Sardinia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/SardiniaCoatHanger.jpg/120px-SardiniaCoatHanger.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/SardiniaCoatHanger.jpg/180px-SardiniaCoatHanger.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/SardiniaCoatHanger.jpg/240px-SardiniaCoatHanger.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3592" data-file-height="2756" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A ladder repurposed as a coat rack in <a href="/wiki/Sardinia" title="Sardinia">Sardinia</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FunnelLampshadeSardinia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A repurposed funnel lampshade in Sardinia"><img alt="A repurposed funnel lampshade in Sardinia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/FunnelLampshadeSardinia.jpg/91px-FunnelLampshadeSardinia.jpg" decoding="async" width="91" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/FunnelLampshadeSardinia.jpg/136px-FunnelLampshadeSardinia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/FunnelLampshadeSardinia.jpg/182px-FunnelLampshadeSardinia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2893" data-file-height="3817" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A repurposed <a href="/wiki/Funnel" title="Funnel">funnel</a> <a href="/wiki/Lampshade" title="Lampshade">lampshade</a> in Sardinia</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fence_post.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Railway line repurposed as farm fencing corner post"><img alt="Railway line repurposed as farm fencing corner post" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Fence_post.jpg/120px-Fence_post.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Fence_post.jpg/180px-Fence_post.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Fence_post.jpg/240px-Fence_post.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Railway line repurposed as farm fencing corner post</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ImprovisedDrumLondon.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Improvised bass drum in Trafalgar Square, London"><img alt="Improvised bass drum in Trafalgar Square, London" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/ImprovisedDrumLondon.jpg/96px-ImprovisedDrumLondon.jpg" decoding="async" width="96" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/ImprovisedDrumLondon.jpg/144px-ImprovisedDrumLondon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/ImprovisedDrumLondon.jpg/192px-ImprovisedDrumLondon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2374" data-file-height="2968" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Improvised <a href="/wiki/Bass_drum" title="Bass drum">bass drum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Trafalgar_Square" title="Trafalgar Square">Trafalgar Square</a>, <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WestBankCowbell.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Improvised cowbell for sheep or goats, found in 1988 near Tuqu', the West Bank. The aluminium bell's body is probably a broken kitchen utensil, while the clapper is a brass cartridge case (SMI 25 NATO, probably 7.62×51mm)."><img alt="Improvised cowbell for sheep or goats, found in 1988 near Tuqu', the West Bank. The aluminium bell's body is probably a broken kitchen utensil, while the clapper is a brass cartridge case (SMI 25 NATO, probably 7.62×51mm)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/WestBankCowbell.jpg/115px-WestBankCowbell.jpg" decoding="async" width="115" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/WestBankCowbell.jpg/173px-WestBankCowbell.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/WestBankCowbell.jpg/230px-WestBankCowbell.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1840" data-file-height="1916" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Improvised <a href="/wiki/Cowbell" title="Cowbell">cowbell</a> for sheep or goats, found in 1988 near <a href="/wiki/Tuqu%27" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuqu'">Tuqu'</a>, the West Bank. The aluminium bell's body is probably a broken kitchen utensil, while the clapper is a brass <a href="/wiki/Cartridge_case" class="mw-redirect" title="Cartridge case">cartridge case</a> (SMI 25 NATO, probably 7.62×51mm).</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Upcycled_Pizza_Peel.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="This pizza peel was made from oak floorboards that was salvaged from a home demolition."><img alt="This pizza peel was made from oak floorboards that was salvaged from a home demolition." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Upcycled_Pizza_Peel.jpg/75px-Upcycled_Pizza_Peel.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Upcycled_Pizza_Peel.jpg/113px-Upcycled_Pizza_Peel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Upcycled_Pizza_Peel.jpg/150px-Upcycled_Pizza_Peel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="548" data-file-height="874" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">This pizza peel was made from oak floorboards that was salvaged from a home demolition.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Repurposed_door.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Plywood door repurposed as a tall table, with door knob retained to serve as "hook" for a bag or umbrella, and wood stair steps repurposed as bench seats put on top of bar bench steel frames"><img alt="Plywood door repurposed as a tall table, with door knob retained to serve as "hook" for a bag or umbrella, and wood stair steps repurposed as bench seats put on top of bar bench steel frames" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Repurposed_door.jpg/90px-Repurposed_door.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Repurposed_door.jpg/135px-Repurposed_door.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Repurposed_door.jpg/180px-Repurposed_door.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="4608" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Plywood door repurposed as a tall table, with door knob retained to serve as "hook" for a bag or umbrella, and wood stair steps repurposed as bench seats put on top of bar bench steel frames</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Repurposing&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Repurposing" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Repurposing"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Repurposing</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Code_reuse" title="Code reuse">Code reuse</a> – Use of existing software to build new software</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_recycling" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer recycling">Computer recycling</a> – Form of recycling<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exaptation" title="Exaptation">Exaptation</a> – Function of trait, shifted by evolution</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jury_rigging" title="Jury rigging">Jury rigging</a> – Term for a makeshift repair</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitbashing" title="Kitbashing">Kitbashing</a> – Creation of a new model by combining elements of multiple commercial kit models</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micro-sustainability" title="Micro-sustainability">Micro-sustainability</a> – Individual or small scale sustainability efforts</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planned_obsolescence" title="Planned obsolescence">Planned obsolescence</a> – Policy of planning or designing a product with an artificially limited useful life</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recycling" title="Recycling">Recycling</a> – Converting waste materials into new products</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remanufacturing" title="Remanufacturing">Remanufacturing</a> – Rebuilding of product to original manufactured product using combo of reused and new parts</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resource_recovery" title="Resource recovery">Resource recovery</a> – Using wastes as an input material to create valuable products</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retrocomputing" title="Retrocomputing">Retrocomputing</a> – running old computer technology in modern times as heritage and as a hobby<span style="display:none" class="category-wikidata-fallback-annotation">Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuse" title="Reuse">Reuse</a> – Using something again</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_engineering" title="Reverse engineering">Reverse engineering</a> – Process of extracting design information from anything artificial</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upcycling" title="Upcycling">Upcycling</a> – Recycling waste into products of higher quality</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Used_good" title="Used good">Used good</a> – Item that is not new being sold or transferred</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_minimisation" title="Waste minimisation">Waste minimisation</a> – Process that involves reducing the amount of waste produced in society</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zero_waste" title="Zero waste">Zero waste</a> – Philosophy that encourages the redesign of resource life cycles so that all products are reused</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Repurposing&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output 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Drug Discovery</i>. <b>3</b> (8): 673–83. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnrd1468">10.1038/nrd1468</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15286734">15286734</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:205475073">205475073</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Reviews.+Drug+Discovery&rft.atitle=Drug+repositioning%3A+identifying+and+developing+new+uses+for+existing+drugs.&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=673-83&rft.date=2004-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A205475073%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15286734&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnrd1468&rft.aulast=Ashburn&rft.aufirst=TT&rft.au=Thor%2C+KB&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepurposing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInstitute_of_Medicine2014" class="citation book cs1">Institute of Medicine (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nap.edu/catalog/18731/drug-repurposing-and-repositioning-workshop-summary"><i>Drug Repurposing and Repositioning: Workshop Summary</i></a>. National Academies Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780309302043" title="Special:BookSources/9780309302043"><bdi>9780309302043</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Drug+Repurposing+and+Repositioning%3A+Workshop+Summary&rft.pub=National+Academies+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9780309302043&rft.au=Institute+of+Medicine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nap.edu%2Fcatalog%2F18731%2Fdrug-repurposing-and-repositioning-workshop-summary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepurposing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pinterest.com/trinshaye/upcycling-recycling-repurpose-reuse-furniture-hous/">Upcycling,Recycling,Repurpose,&REUSE- furniture & household items to random ish</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sunshineskips.com.au/recycling/awesome-repurposing-ideas-from-around-the-globe/">"Unique Repurposing Ideas"</a>. Sunshine Skips. 17 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Unique+Repurposing+Ideas&rft.pub=Sunshine+Skips&rft.date=2016-08-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sunshineskips.com.au%2Frecycling%2Fawesome-repurposing-ideas-from-around-the-globe%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepurposing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHomebnc2022" class="citation web cs1">Homebnc (3 June 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://homebnc.com/best-repurposed-old-door-ideas/">"45+ Artistic and Practical Repurposed Old Door Ideas"</a>. <i>Homebnc</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Homebnc&rft.atitle=45%2B+Artistic+and+Practical+Repurposed+Old+Door+Ideas&rft.date=2022-06-03&rft.au=Homebnc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhomebnc.com%2Fbest-repurposed-old-door-ideas%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepurposing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output 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a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Recycling" title="Template:Recycling"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Recycling" title="Template talk:Recycling"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Recycling" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Recycling"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Recycling" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Recycling" title="Recycling">Recycling</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Recycling_by_material" title="Recycling by material">Materials</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aluminium_recycling" title="Aluminium recycling">Aluminium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asphalt_concrete#Recycling" title="Asphalt concrete">Asphalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concrete_recycling" title="Concrete recycling">Concrete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copper#Recycling" title="Copper">Copper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotton_recycling" title="Cotton recycling">Cotton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_recycling" title="Energy recycling">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_recycling" title="Glass recycling">Glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gypsum_recycling" title="Gypsum recycling">Gypsum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_recycling" title="Paper recycling">Paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_recycling" title="Plastic recycling">Plastic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refrigerant_reclamation" title="Refrigerant reclamation">Refrigerant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scrap" title="Scrap">Scrap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timber_recycling" title="Timber recycling">Timber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_grease" title="Yellow grease">Cooking oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reclaimed_water" title="Reclaimed water">Water</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Recycling_symbol.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Recycling_symbol.svg/75px-Recycling_symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Recycling_symbol.svg/113px-Recycling_symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Recycling_symbol.svg/150px-Recycling_symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="469" data-file-height="454" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Recycling_by_product" title="Recycling by product">Products</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appliance_recycling" title="Appliance recycling">Appliances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_oil_recycling" title="Automotive oil recycling">Automotive oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battery_recycling" title="Battery recycling">Batteries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bottle_recycling" title="Bottle recycling">Bottles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PET_bottle_recycling" title="PET bottle recycling">PET bottles</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_recycling" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer recycling">Computers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_recycling" title="Drug recycling">Drugs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluorescent_lamp_recycling" title="Fluorescent lamp recycling">Fluorescent lamps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reclaimed_lumber" title="Reclaimed lumber">Lumber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone_recycling" title="Mobile phone recycling">Mobile phones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paint_recycling" title="Paint recycling">Paint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ship_disposal" title="Ship disposal">Ships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile_recycling" title="Textile recycling">Textiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tire_recycling" title="Tire recycling">Tires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_recycling" title="Vehicle recycling">Vehicles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Apparatus</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Recycling_bin" title="Recycling bin">Bins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_bag" title="Blue bag">Blue bags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_box_recycling_system" title="Blue box recycling system">Blue boxes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recycling_codes" title="Recycling codes">Codes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerbside_collection" title="Kerbside collection">Collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Materials_recovery_facility" title="Materials recovery facility">Materials recovery facility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_sorting" title="Waste sorting">Waste sorting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Countries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Recycling_rates_by_country" title="Recycling rates by country">Rate by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recycling_in_Australia" title="Recycling in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recycling_in_Brazil" title="Recycling in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recycling_in_Canada" title="Recycling in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recycling_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Recycling in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recycling_in_Israel" title="Recycling in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recycling_in_Japan" title="Recycling in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recycling_in_Malaysia" title="Recycling in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recycling_in_Mongolia" title="Recycling in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recycling_in_the_Netherlands" title="Recycling in the Netherlands">The Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management_in_Switzerland#Recycling" title="Waste management in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recycling_in_Taiwan" title="Recycling in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recycling_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Recycling in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Recycling_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Recycling in Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recycling_in_the_United_States" title="Recycling in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Circular_economy" title="Circular economy">Circular economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dematerialization_(products)" title="Dematerialization (products)">Dematerialization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downcycling" title="Downcycling">Downcycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durable_good" title="Durable good">Durable good</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco-industrial_park" title="Eco-industrial park">Eco-industrial park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecological_design" title="Ecological design">Ecological design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_producer_responsibility" title="Extended producer responsibility">Extended producer responsibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_economy" title="Green economy">Green economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_ecology" title="Industrial ecology">Industrial ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_metabolism" title="Industrial metabolism">Industrial metabolism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interchangeable_parts" title="Interchangeable parts">Interchangeable parts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_recycling" title="Land recycling">Land recycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Material_flow_analysis" title="Material flow analysis">Material flow analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precycling" title="Precycling">Precycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Product_stewardship" title="Product stewardship">Product stewardship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nutrient_cycle" title="Nutrient cycle">Recycling (ecological)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refill_(campaign)" title="Refill (campaign)">Refill (campaign)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repairability" title="Repairability">Repairability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resource_recovery" title="Resource recovery">Resource recovery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reusable_packaging" title="Reusable packaging">Reusable packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuse_of_bottles" title="Reuse of bottles">Reuse of bottles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuse_of_human_excreta" title="Reuse of human excreta">Reuse of human excreta</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Repurposing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuse" title="Reuse">Reuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_repair" title="Right to repair">Right to repair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recycling_symbol" title="Recycling symbol">Symbol</a> (<a href="/wiki/Green_Dot_(symbol)" title="Green Dot (symbol)">Green Dot</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upcycling" title="Upcycling">Upcycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumpster_diving" title="Dumpster diving">Urban lumberjacking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_hierarchy" title="Waste hierarchy">Waste hierarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_minimisation" title="Waste minimisation">Waste minimisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_picker" title="Waste picker">Waste picking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wishcycling" title="Wishcycling">Wishcycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zero_waste" title="Zero waste">Zero waste</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bottle_cutting" title="Bottle cutting">Bottle cutting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cogeneration" title="Cogeneration">Cogeneration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compost" title="Compost">Composting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Container-deposit_legislation" title="Container-deposit legislation">Container-deposit legislation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumpster_diving" title="Dumpster diving">Dumpster diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethical_consumerism" title="Ethical consumerism">Ethical consumerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freeganism" title="Freeganism">Freeganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallet_crafts" title="Pallet crafts">Pallet crafts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_vending_machine" title="Reverse vending machine">Reverse vending machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_living" title="Simple living">Simple living</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste" title="Waste">Waste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste-to-energy" title="Waste-to-energy">Waste-to-energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_collection" title="Waste collection">Waste collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management_law" title="Waste management law">Waste management law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management" title="Waste management">Waste management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_heat_recycling" title="Water heat recycling">Water heat recycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_recycling_shower" title="Water recycling shower">Water recycling shower</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Environment" title="Portal:Environment">Environment portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Recycling" title="Category:Recycling">Category</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Recycling_by_country" title="Category:Recycling by country">by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Recycling_by_material" title="Category:Recycling by material">by material</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Recycling_by_product" title="Category:Recycling by product">by product</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Recycling_organizations" title="Category:Recycling organizations">organizations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_recycling_articles" class="mw-redirect" title="Index of recycling articles">Index</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Recycling" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Recycling">Commons</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Biosolids,_waste,_and_waste_management" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Waste" title="Template:Waste"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Waste" title="Template talk:Waste"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Waste" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Waste"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Biosolids,_waste,_and_waste_management" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Biosolids" title="Biosolids">Biosolids</a>, <a href="/wiki/Waste" title="Waste">waste</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Waste_management" title="Waste management">waste management</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_waste_types" title="List of waste types">Major types</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_wastewater_treatment" title="Agricultural wastewater treatment">Agricultural wastewater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biodegradable_waste" title="Biodegradable waste">Biodegradable waste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biomedical_waste" title="Biomedical waste">Biomedical waste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_waste" title="Brown waste">Brown waste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_waste" title="Chemical waste">Chemical waste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction_waste" title="Construction waste">Construction waste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demolition_waste" title="Demolition waste">Demolition waste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_waste" title="Electronic waste">Electronic waste</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_waste_by_country" title="Electronic waste by country">by country</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_waste" class="mw-redirect" title="Food waste">Food waste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_waste" title="Green waste">Green waste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazardous_waste" title="Hazardous waste">Hazardous waste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_heat" title="Waste heat">Heat waste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_waste" title="Industrial waste">Industrial waste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_wastewater" class="mw-redirect" title="Industrial wastewater">Industrial wastewater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litter" title="Litter">Litter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_debris" title="Marine debris">Marine debris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tailings" title="Tailings">Mining waste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_solid_waste" title="Municipal solid waste">Municipal solid waste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_defecation" title="Open defecation">Open defecation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Packaging_waste" title="Packaging waste">Packaging waste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-consumer_waste" title="Post-consumer waste">Post-consumer waste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radioactive_waste" title="Radioactive waste">Radioactive waste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scrap" title="Scrap">Scrap metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewage" title="Sewage">Sewage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharps_waste" title="Sharps waste">Sharps waste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surface_runoff" title="Surface runoff">Surface runoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toxic_waste" title="Toxic waste">Toxic waste</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bedrijfsafval.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Bedrijfsafval.jpg/120px-Bedrijfsafval.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Bedrijfsafval.jpg/180px-Bedrijfsafval.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Bedrijfsafval.jpg/240px-Bedrijfsafval.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1728" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Processes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anaerobic_digestion" title="Anaerobic digestion">Anaerobic digestion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balefill" title="Balefill">Balefill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biodegradation" title="Biodegradation">Biodegradation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compost" title="Compost">Composting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durable_good" title="Durable good">Durable good</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecological_design" title="Ecological design">Ecological design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_waste_dumping" title="Garden waste dumping">Garden waste dumping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_dumping" title="Illegal dumping">Illegal dumping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incineration" title="Incineration">Incineration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landfill" title="Landfill">Landfill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landfill_mining" title="Landfill mining">Landfill mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechanical_biological_treatment" title="Mechanical biological treatment">Mechanical biological treatment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Materials_recovery_facility" title="Materials recovery facility">Mechanical sorting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photodegradation" title="Photodegradation">Photodegradation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reclaimed_lumber" title="Reclaimed lumber">Reclaimed lumber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recycling" title="Recycling">Recycling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appliance_recycling" title="Appliance recycling">appliance recycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battery_recycling" title="Battery recycling">battery recycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bottle_recycling" title="Bottle recycling">bottle recycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluorescent_lamp_recycling" title="Fluorescent lamp recycling">fluorescent lamp recycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_recycling" title="Land recycling">land recycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_recycling" title="Plastic recycling">plastic recycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile_recycling" title="Textile recycling">textile recycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timber_recycling" title="Timber recycling">timber recycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tire_recycling" title="Tire recycling">tire recycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_heat_recycling" title="Water heat recycling">water heat recycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_recycling_shower" title="Water recycling shower">water recycling shower</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Repurposing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resource_recovery" title="Resource recovery">Resource recovery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reusable_packaging" title="Reusable packaging">Reusable packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_repair" title="Right to repair">Right to repair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewage_treatment" title="Sewage treatment">Sewage treatment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_mining" title="Urban mining">Urban mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_collection" title="Waste collection">Waste collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_sorting" title="Waste sorting">Waste sorting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_waste_trade" title="Global waste trade">Waste trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_treatment" title="Waste treatment">Waste treatment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste-to-energy" title="Waste-to-energy">Waste-to-energy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Waste_by_country" title="Waste by country">Countries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management_in_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Waste management in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management_in_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="Waste management in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management_in_Armenia" title="Waste management in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management_in_Australia" title="Waste management in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management_in_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Waste management in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management_in_Bangladesh" title="Waste management in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Brazil#Waste" title="Environmental issues in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" class="mw-redirect" title="Waste management in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management_in_Egypt" title="Waste management in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management_in_Georgia_(country)" class="mw-redirect" title="Waste management in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management_in_Hong_Kong" title="Waste management in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management_in_India#Solid_waste_policy" title="Waste management in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management_in_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Waste management in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management_in_Japan" title="Waste management in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management_in_Kazakhstan" title="Waste management in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_in_New_Zealand" title="Waste in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management_in_Russia" title="Waste management in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management_in_South_Korea" title="Waste management in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management_in_Sri_Lanka" class="mw-redirect" title="Waste management in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management_in_Switzerland" title="Waste management in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management_in_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Waste management in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management_in_Tanzania" class="mw-redirect" title="Waste management in Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management_in_Taiwan" title="Waste management in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management_in_Thailand" title="Waste management in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management_in_Turkey" title="Waste management in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Waste in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_in_the_United_States" title="Waste in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Agreements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bamako_Convention" title="Bamako Convention">Bamako Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basel_Convention" title="Basel Convention">Basel Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directive_(European_Union)" title="Directive (European Union)">EU directives</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battery_Directive" title="Battery Directive">batteries</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battery_recycling" title="Battery recycling">Recycling</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_framework_directive" title="Waste framework directive">framework</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_Incineration_Directive" title="Waste Incineration Directive">incineration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landfill_Directive" title="Landfill Directive">landfills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restriction_of_Hazardous_Substances_Directive" title="Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive">RoHS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/End_of_Life_Vehicles_Directive" title="End of Life Vehicles Directive">vehicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_Waste_Water_Treatment_Directive" title="Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive">waste water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_Electrical_and_Electronic_Equipment_Directive" title="Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive">WEEE</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Convention_on_the_Prevention_of_Marine_Pollution_by_Dumping_of_Wastes_and_Other_Matter" title="London Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter">London Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oslo_Dumping_Convention" title="Oslo Dumping Convention">Oslo Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSPAR_Convention" title="OSPAR Convention">OSPAR Convention</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Occupations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sanitation_worker" title="Sanitation worker">Sanitation worker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_sweeper" title="Street sweeper">Street sweeper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_collector" title="Waste collector">Waste collector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_picker" title="Waste picker">Waste picker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Ribbon_Commission_on_America%27s_Nuclear_Future" title="Blue Ribbon Commission on America's Nuclear Future">Blue Ribbon Commission on America's Nuclear Future</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%27s_waste_import_ban" title="China's waste import ban">China's waste import ban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleaner_production" title="Cleaner production">Cleaner production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downcycling" title="Downcycling">Downcycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco-industrial_park" title="Eco-industrial park">Eco-industrial park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_producer_responsibility" title="Extended producer responsibility">Extended producer responsibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-level_radioactive_waste_management" title="High-level radioactive waste management">High-level radioactive waste management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_waste_management" title="History of waste management">History of waste management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landfill_fire" title="Landfill fire">Landfill fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewage_regulation_and_administration" title="Sewage regulation and administration">Sewage regulation and administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upcycling" title="Upcycling">Upcycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_hierarchy" title="Waste hierarchy">Waste hierarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management_law" title="Waste management law">Waste legislation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_minimisation" title="Waste minimisation">Waste minimisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zero_waste" title="Zero waste">Zero waste</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aegopodium_podagraria1_ies.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Aegopodium_podagraria1_ies.jpg/16px-Aegopodium_podagraria1_ies.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" 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