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id="toc-US-led_coalitions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#US-led_coalitions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1 US-led coalitions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-US-led_coalitions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-France-led_coalition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#France-led_coalition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 France-led coalition </div> </a> <ul id="toc-France-led_coalition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russia-led_coalition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russia-led_coalition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Russia-led coalition </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russia-led_coalition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Muslim_states'_coalition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Muslim_states'_coalition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 Muslim states' coalition </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Muslim_states'_coalition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Syria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Syria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Syria </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Syria-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Syria subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Syria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-US-led_intervention_in_Syria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#US-led_intervention_in_Syria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 US-led intervention in Syria </div> </a> <ul id="toc-US-led_intervention_in_Syria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hostage_rescue_attempt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hostage_rescue_attempt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.1 Hostage rescue attempt </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hostage_rescue_attempt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aerial_surveillance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aerial_surveillance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.2 Aerial surveillance </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aerial_surveillance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arming_and_training_rebels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arming_and_training_rebels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.3 Arming and training rebels </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arming_and_training_rebels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Multi-national_airstrikes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Multi-national_airstrikes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.4 Multi-national airstrikes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Multi-national_airstrikes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russian_intervention" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russian_intervention"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Russian intervention </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russian_intervention-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turkish_intervention" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turkish_intervention"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Turkish intervention </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turkish_intervention-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-July_2015_special_forces_operation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July_2015_special_forces_operation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.1 July 2015 special forces operation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July_2015_special_forces_operation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kurdish-led_war" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kurdish-led_war"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Kurdish-led war </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kurdish-led_war-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lebanon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lebanon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Lebanon </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lebanon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Egypt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Egypt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Egypt </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Egypt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iraq" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iraq"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Iraq </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Iraq-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Iraq subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Iraq-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-U.S.-led_intervention" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#U.S.-led_intervention"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 U.S.-led intervention </div> </a> <ul id="toc-U.S.-led_intervention-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Military_aid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_aid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.1 Military aid </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military_aid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Humanitarian_efforts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Humanitarian_efforts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.2 Humanitarian efforts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Humanitarian_efforts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-U.S._military_operations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#U.S._military_operations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.3 U.S. military operations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-U.S._military_operations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-U.S._airstrikes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#U.S._airstrikes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.3.1 U.S. airstrikes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-U.S._airstrikes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-U.S._ground_forces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#U.S._ground_forces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.3.2 U.S. ground forces </div> </a> <ul id="toc-U.S._ground_forces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Australian_airstrikes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australian_airstrikes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.4 Australian airstrikes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australian_airstrikes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-British_airstrikes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#British_airstrikes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.5 British airstrikes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-British_airstrikes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Canadian_airstrikes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canadian_airstrikes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.6 Canadian airstrikes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canadian_airstrikes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dutch_airstrikes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dutch_airstrikes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.7 Dutch airstrikes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dutch_airstrikes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-French_airstrikes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#French_airstrikes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.8 French airstrikes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-French_airstrikes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jordanian_airstrikes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jordanian_airstrikes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.9 Jordanian airstrikes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jordanian_airstrikes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Moroccan_airstrikes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Moroccan_airstrikes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.10 Moroccan airstrikes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Moroccan_airstrikes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turkish_contributions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turkish_contributions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.11 Turkish contributions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turkish_contributions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iranian_intervention" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iranian_intervention"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Iranian intervention </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iranian_intervention-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hezbollah_intervention" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hezbollah_intervention"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Hezbollah intervention </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hezbollah_intervention-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Libya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Libya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Libya </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Libya-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Libya subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Libya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Egyptian_airstrikes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Egyptian_airstrikes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Egyptian airstrikes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Egyptian_airstrikes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-U.S._surveillance_flights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#U.S._surveillance_flights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 U.S. surveillance flights </div> </a> <ul id="toc-U.S._surveillance_flights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-U.S._airstrikes_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#U.S._airstrikes_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 U.S. airstrikes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-U.S._airstrikes_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_actions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_actions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 Other actions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_actions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Afghanistan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Afghanistan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Afghanistan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Afghanistan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Boko_Haram-ISWAP_insurgency" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Boko_Haram-ISWAP_insurgency"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Boko Haram-ISWAP insurgency </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Boko_Haram-ISWAP_insurgency-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Boko Haram-ISWAP insurgency subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Boko_Haram-ISWAP_insurgency-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-U.S._intervention_in_Cameroon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#U.S._intervention_in_Cameroon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 U.S. intervention in Cameroon </div> </a> <ul id="toc-U.S._intervention_in_Cameroon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Philippines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Philippines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 The Philippines </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Philippines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Maghreb_and_Sahel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maghreb_and_Sahel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Maghreb and Sahel </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Maghreb_and_Sahel-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Maghreb and Sahel subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Maghreb_and_Sahel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mali" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mali"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Mali </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mali-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Niger" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Niger"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2 Niger </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Niger-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Burkina_Faso" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Burkina_Faso"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.3 Burkina Faso </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Burkina_Faso-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Yemen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yemen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Yemen </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yemen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_the_Gaza_Strip" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_the_Gaza_Strip"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 In the Gaza Strip </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-In_the_Gaza_Strip-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle In the Gaza Strip subsection </button> <ul id="toc-In_the_Gaza_Strip-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Before_the_separation_of_ISIS_from_al-Qaeda" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Before_the_separation_of_ISIS_from_al-Qaeda"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.1 Before the separation of ISIS from al-Qaeda </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Before_the_separation_of_ISIS_from_al-Qaeda-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Palestinians_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Palestinians_in_the_Syrian_civil_war"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.2 Palestinians in the Syrian civil war </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Palestinians_in_the_Syrian_civil_war-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hamas–ISIS_conflict" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hamas–ISIS_conflict"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.3 Hamas–ISIS conflict </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hamas–ISIS_conflict-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sinai_Peninsula_and_Gaza_Strip" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sinai_Peninsula_and_Gaza_Strip"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.3.1 Sinai Peninsula and Gaza Strip </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sinai_Peninsula_and_Gaza_Strip-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Somalia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Somalia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Somalia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Somalia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sub-Saharan_Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sub-Saharan_Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Sub-Saharan Africa </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sub-Saharan_Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Casualties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Casualties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 Casualties </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Casualties-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Casualties subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Casualties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ISIL" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ISIL"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15.1 ISIL </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ISIL-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Civilians" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Civilians"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15.2 Civilians </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Civilians-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Labeling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Labeling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 Labeling </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Labeling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Involvement_by_country" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Involvement_by_country"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17 Involvement by country </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Involvement_by_country-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 18 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 19 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 20 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">War against the Islamic State</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 30 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-30" aria-hidden="true" > 30 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AF%D8%AE%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%B6%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%B8%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_(%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B4)" title="التدخل العسكري الدولي ضد تنظيم الدولة الإسلامية (داعش) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="التدخل العسكري الدولي ضد تنظيم الدولة الإسلامية (داعش)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0%C5%9E%C4%B0D-%C9%99_qar%C5%9F%C4%B1_h%C9%99rbi_m%C3%BCdaxil%C9%99" title="İŞİD-ə qarşı hərbi müdaxilə – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İŞİD-ə qarşı hərbi müdaxilə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AF%D8%A4%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%87%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AE%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%87" title="ایسلام دؤولتی علیهینه حربی موداخیله – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایسلام دؤولتی علیهینه حربی موداخیله" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8C_%D0%86%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Ваенная аперацыя супраць Ісламскай дзяржавы – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ваенная аперацыя супраць Ісламскай дзяржавы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B2%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8C_%D0%86%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Міжнародная інтэрвэнцыя супраць Ісламскай дзяржавы – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Міжнародная інтэрвэнцыя супраць Ісламскай дзяржавы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intervenci%C3%B3_militar_contra_l%27Estat_Isl%C3%A0mic" title="Intervenció militar contra l'Estat Islàmic – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Intervenció militar contra l'Estat Islàmic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A1lka_proti_Isl%C3%A1msk%C3%A9mu_st%C3%A1tu" title="Válka proti Islámskému státu – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Válka proti Islámskému státu" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationale_Allianz_gegen_den_Islamischen_Staat" title="Internationale Allianz gegen den Islamischen Staat – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Internationale Allianz gegen den Islamischen Staat" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_contra_Estado_Isl%C3%A1mico" title="Guerra contra Estado Islámico – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Guerra contra Estado Islámico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milito_kontra%C5%AD_la_Islama_%C5%9Ctato" title="Milito kontraŭ la Islama Ŝtato – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Milito kontraŭ la Islama Ŝtato" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%A8%D8%A7_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B4" title="جنگ با داعش – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جنگ با داعش" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C3%ADggi%C3%B0_%C3%ADm%C3%B3ti_IS" title="Kríggið ímóti IS – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Kríggið ímóti IS" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coalition_internationale_en_Irak_et_en_Syrie" title="Coalition internationale en Irak et en Syrie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Coalition internationale en Irak et en Syrie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8C%80_IS_%EA%B5%B0%EC%82%AC_%EA%B0%9C%EC%9E%85" title="대 IS 군사 개입 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="대 IS 군사 개입" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A3%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%AE%D5%B8%D5%B2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6_%C2%AB%D4%BB%D5%BD%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6%C2%BB_%D5%A4%D5%A5%D5%B4" title="Ռազմական գործողություն «Իսլամական պետության» դեմ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռազմական գործողություն «Իսլամական պետության» դեմ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intervento_militare_contro_lo_Stato_Islamico" title="Intervento militare contro lo Stato Islamico – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Intervento militare contro lo Stato Islamico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AA_%D8%AF_%DA%89%D9%84%DB%90_%D9%BE%D8%B1_%D8%B6%D8%AF_%D8%AC%DA%AB%DA%93%D9%87" title="د اسلامي دولت د ډلې پر ضد جګړه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د اسلامي دولت د ډلې پر ضد جګړه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%C4%99dzynarodowa_interwencja_przeciwko_Pa%C5%84stwu_Islamskiemu" title="Międzynarodowa interwencja przeciwko Państwu Islamskiemu – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Międzynarodowa interwencja przeciwko Państwu Islamskiemu" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_contra_o_Estado_Isl%C3%A2mico" title="Guerra contra o Estado Islâmico – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Guerra contra o Estado Islâmico" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interven%C8%9Bia_militar%C4%83_interna%C8%9Bional%C4%83_%C3%AEmpotriva_Statului_Islamic" title="Intervenția militară internațională împotriva Statului Islamic – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Intervenția militară internațională împotriva Statului Islamic" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2_%C2%AB%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%C2%BB" title="Военная операция против «Исламского государства» – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Военная операция против «Исламского государства»" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ntirventu_Miricanu_cuntru_lu_Statu_Islamicu" title="Ntirventu Miricanu cuntru lu Statu Islamicu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Ntirventu Miricanu cuntru lu Statu Islamicu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%95%DA%95%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DA%98_%D8%A8%DB%95_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B4" title="شەڕی دژ بە داعش – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="شەڕی دژ بە داعش" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rat_protiv_ISIL-a" title="Rat protiv ISIL-a – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Rat protiv ISIL-a" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sota_Islamilaista_valtiota_vastaan" title="Sota Islamilaista valtiota vastaan – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sota Islamilaista valtiota vastaan" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kriget_mot_Islamiska_staten" title="Kriget mot Islamiska staten – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kriget mot Islamiska staten" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irak_ve_%C5%9Eam_%C4%B0slam_Devleti%27ne_kar%C5%9F%C4%B1_yap%C4%B1lan_asker%C3%AE_m%C3%BCdahaleler" title="Irak ve Şam İslam Devleti'ne karşı yapılan askerî müdahaleler – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Irak ve Şam İslam Devleti'ne karşı yapılan askerî müdahaleler" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%86%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Військова операція проти Ісламської держави – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Військова операція проти Ісламської держави" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dewleta_%C4%B0slami_sero_operasyoni" title="Dewleta İslami sero operasyoni – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Dewleta İslami sero operasyoni" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%8D%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E5%9C%8B%E7%9A%84%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B%E6%89%93%E6%93%8A" title="對伊斯蘭國的軍事打擊 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="對伊斯蘭國的軍事打擊" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q17507684#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Military actions against the Islamic State</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the global war fought against the Islamic State. For the war fought by Iraq against the Islamic State, see <a href="/wiki/War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)" title="War in Iraq (2013–2017)">War in Iraq (2013–2017)</a>. For the Islamic State’s military involvement in Syria, see <a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a>. For Egypt, see <a href="/wiki/Sinai_insurgency" title="Sinai insurgency">Sinai insurgency</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">War against the Islamic State</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">war on terror</a>, <a href="/wiki/Second_Libyan_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Libyan Civil War">Second Libyan Civil War</a>, <a href="/wiki/War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)" title="War in Iraq (2013–2017)">War in Iraq (2013–2017)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spillover_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Spillover of the Syrian civil war">spillover of the Syrian civil war</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sinai_insurgency" title="Sinai insurgency">Sinai insurgency</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram_insurgency" title="Boko Haram insurgency">Boko Haram insurgency</a>, <a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_the_North_Caucasus" title="Insurgency in the North Caucasus">insurgency in the North Caucasus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moro_conflict" title="Moro conflict">Moro conflict</a>, <a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Cabo_Delgado" title="Insurgency in Cabo Delgado">Insurgency in Cabo Delgado</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qandala_campaign" title="Qandala campaign">Qandala campaign</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Sahel_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahel War">Sahel War</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><style 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.hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Counter_Terrorism_Service" title="Iraqi Counter Terrorism Service">(ISOF)</a> Humvee on the street of <a href="/wiki/Mosul" title="Mosul">Mosul</a>, Northern Iraq, 16 November 2016 during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mosul_(2016%E2%80%9317)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Mosul (2016–17)">Battle of Mosul</a></li> <li>A French <a href="/wiki/Dassault_Rafale" title="Dassault Rafale">Dassault Rafale</a> lands on <a href="/wiki/USS_Carl_Vinson" title="USS Carl Vinson">USS Carl Vinson</a> during <a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ration_Chammal" title="Opération Chammal">Opération Chammal</a></li> <li>A pair of Russian Air Force <a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-22M" title="Tupolev Tu-22M">Tu-22M</a> bombers conducting a strike in Syria</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">U.S. Marines</a> conduct a fire mission in northern Syria</li> <li>A pair of U.S. Air Force <a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_F-15E_Strike_Eagle" title="McDonnell Douglas F-15E Strike Eagle">F-15E Strike Eagle</a> fighters over Iraq</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_the_Islamic_State" title="Territory of the Islamic State">ISIL territory</a> at its greatest extent in Iraq and Syria, and Lebanon in 31 January 2024.</li></ul> </div> <a href="/wiki/Template:Syrian,_Iraqi,_and_Lebanese_insurgencies_detailed_map" title="Template:Syrian, Iraqi, and Lebanese insurgencies detailed map">Map of the current military situation in Iraq, Syria, and Lebanon</a> <a href="/wiki/Template:Libyan_Civil_War_detailed_map" title="Template:Libyan Civil War detailed map">Map of the current military situation in Libya</a> <a href="/wiki/Template:Nigerian_insurgency_detailed_map" title="Template:Nigerian insurgency detailed map">Map of the current military situation in Nigeria</a> <a href="/wiki/Template:Sinai_insurgency_detailed_map" title="Template:Sinai insurgency detailed map">Map of the current military situation in Sinai</a> <a href="/wiki/Template:Yemeni_Civil_War_detailed_map" title="Template:Yemeni Civil War detailed map">Map of the current military situation in Yemen</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>13 June 2014 – present (10 years, 5 months, 1 week and 2 days)</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>, the <a href="/wiki/North_Caucasus" title="North Caucasus">North Caucasus</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Status</th><td class="status"> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-weight:normal;background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div>Ongoing; ISIL militarily defeated in Iraq, Syria and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Benghazi_(2014%E2%80%932017)" title="Battle of Benghazi (2014–2017)">Libya</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <ul><li>Airstrikes on ISIL positions in Iraq, Syria, <a href="/wiki/February_2015_Egyptian_airstrikes_in_Libya" title="February 2015 Egyptian airstrikes in Libya">Libya</a>, Nigeria and Afghanistan</li> <li>Multinational humanitarian efforts</li> <li>Arming and supporting local ground forces</li> <li>Millions of civilians in Iraq and Syria flee their homes, sparking a refugee crisis</li> <li>Terrorist attacks in Paris (<a href="/wiki/January_2015_%C3%8Ele-de-France_attacks" title="January 2015 Île-de-France attacks">Jan 2015</a> and <a href="/wiki/November_2015_Paris_attacks" title="November 2015 Paris attacks">Nov 2015</a>), Brussels (<a href="/wiki/2016_Brussels_bombings" title="2016 Brussels bombings">Mar 2016</a>) <a href="/wiki/List_of_terrorist_incidents_linked_to_ISIL" class="mw-redirect" title="List of terrorist incidents linked to ISIL">and many other places</a></li> <li>Thousands of civilians executed by ISIL forces in Iraq and Syria</li> <li>ISIL controlled around 40% of Iraq at its peak in mid-2014<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></li> <li>ISIL controlled around 50% of Syria by late May 2015<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></li> <li>Emergence of independently-governed Kurdish regions</li> <li>ISIL military defeated and lost all of its territory in Libya in December 2017<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-moves_to_desert_valleys-10">[10]</a></li> <li>Boko Haram loses territory, but <a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram_insurgency" title="Boko Haram insurgency">its insurgency</a> continues<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></li> <li>ISIL controlled 5.67% of Syria's land by November 2017<a href="#cite_note-ISIS_now_controls_less_than_8%_of_Syrian_territory_–_Russian_General_Staff-12">[12]</a> and around 3% of Iraq by October 2017<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a></li> <li>ISIL loses all territory in Iraq and most territory in Syria in December 2017<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></li> <li>ISIL loses all remaining territory in Syria in March 2019<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a></li></ul> </li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> In multiple regions:<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Seal_of_Combined_Joint_Task_Force_%E2%80%93_Operation_Inherent_Resolve.svg/15px-Seal_of_Combined_Joint_Task_Force_%E2%80%93_Operation_Inherent_Resolve.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Seal_of_Combined_Joint_Task_Force_%E2%80%93_Operation_Inherent_Resolve.svg/23px-Seal_of_Combined_Joint_Task_Force_%E2%80%93_Operation_Inherent_Resolve.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Seal_of_Combined_Joint_Task_Force_%E2%80%93_Operation_Inherent_Resolve.svg/30px-Seal_of_Combined_Joint_Task_Force_%E2%80%93_Operation_Inherent_Resolve.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="415" data-file-height="415" /> <a href="/wiki/Combined_Joint_Task_Force_%E2%80%93_Operation_Inherent_Resolve" title="Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve">CJTF–OIR</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/23px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/35px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/45px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Military_Counter_Terrorism_Coalition" title="Islamic Military Counter Terrorism Coalition">IMCTC</a></li></ul> </div> <hr /> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>In Iraq</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/22px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/33px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/44px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Region" title="Kurdistan Region">Iraqi Kurdistan</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/22px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/33px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/44px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /> <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a><a href="#cite_note-bi1-1">[1]</a></li></ul> </div> </li></ul> </div> <hr /> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>In Syria</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Arab_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian Arab Republic">Syrian Arab Republic</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/22px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/33px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/44px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /> <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1067" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Interim_Government" title="Syrian Interim Government">Syrian Interim Government</a> (2013–present)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/22px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/33px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/44px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_the_Syrian_Salvation_Government.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_Salvation_Government.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_the_Syrian_Salvation_Government.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_Salvation_Government.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_the_Syrian_Salvation_Government.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_Salvation_Government.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Salvation_Government" title="Syrian Salvation Government">Syrian Salvation Government</a> (2017–present)</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/De_facto_SA-NES_Flag.svg/22px-De_facto_SA-NES_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/De_facto_SA-NES_Flag.svg/33px-De_facto_SA-NES_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/De_facto_SA-NES_Flag.svg/44px-De_facto_SA-NES_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Administration_of_North_and_East_Syria" title="Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria">Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria</a> (2015–present)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div> </li></ul> </div> <hr /> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>In The Levant</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> (See: <a href="/wiki/Sinai_insurgency" title="Sinai insurgency">Sinai insurgency</a>)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Hamas.svg/22px-Flag_of_Hamas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Hamas.svg/33px-Flag_of_Hamas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Hamas.svg/44px-Flag_of_Hamas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a></li></ul> </div> </li></ul> </div> <hr /> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>In Libya</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/22px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/33px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/44px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /> <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Government_of_National_Accord" title="Government of National Accord">Government of National Accord</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Libya)" title="House of Representatives (Libya)">House of Representatives</a></dd></dl></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/22px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/33px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/44px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/22px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/33px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/44px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div> </li></ul> </div> <hr /> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>In Afghanistan</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Afghanistan" title="Islamic Republic of Afghanistan">Islamic Republic of Afghanistan</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a>)<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></li></ul> </div> </li></ul> </div> <hr /> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>In West Africa</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Badge_of_Multinational_Joint_Task_Force.svg/21px-Badge_of_Multinational_Joint_Task_Force.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Badge_of_Multinational_Joint_Task_Force.svg/32px-Badge_of_Multinational_Joint_Task_Force.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Badge_of_Multinational_Joint_Task_Force.svg/41px-Badge_of_Multinational_Joint_Task_Force.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="447" data-file-height="327" /> <a href="/wiki/Multinational_Joint_Task_Force" title="Multinational Joint Task Force">Multinational Joint Task Force</a></li></ul> </div> </li></ul> </div></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-weight:normal;background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/22px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/33px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/44px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">Islamic State</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/22px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/33px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/44px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram" title="Boko Haram">Boko Haram</a> (in Nigeria, Niger, Chad and Cameroon)<a href="#cite_note-Boko_Haram_joins_ISIL-5">[5]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/22px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/33px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/44px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant_in_Libya" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant in Libya">Wilayat Barqa</a> (in Eastern Libya)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/22px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/33px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/44px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant_%E2%80%93_Sinai_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant – Sinai Province">Wilayat Sinai</a> (in the Sinai)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State"><img alt="Islamic State" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a> <a href="/wiki/ISWAP" class="mw-redirect" title="ISWAP">ISWAP</a><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div>(West Africa)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State"><img alt="Islamic State" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a> <a href="/wiki/IS-GS" class="mw-redirect" title="IS-GS">IS-GS</a><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div>(Sahel)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State"><img alt="Islamic State" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a> <a href="/wiki/IS-CAP" class="mw-redirect" title="IS-CAP">IS-CAP</a><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div>(Central Africa)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Ansar_al-Sunna_(Mozambique)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ansar al-Sunna (Mozambique)">Ansar al-Sunna (Mozambique)</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/22px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/33px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/44px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Khorasan_Province" title="Islamic State – Khorasan Province">Wilayat Khorasan</a> (in Afghanistan and Pakistan)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/22px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/33px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/44px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant_%E2%80%93_Caucasus_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant – Caucasus Province">Wilayat Kavkaz</a> (in the North Caucasus)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/22px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/33px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/44px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Abu_Sayyaf" title="Abu Sayyaf">Abu Sayyaf</a> (in Southeast Asia)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/22px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/33px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/44px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_in_Somalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State in Somalia">Abnaa ul-Calipha</a> (in Somalia)</li></ul> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> (from 2021) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Austin" title="Lloyd Austin">Lloyd Austin</a> (from 2021) <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Keir_Starmer" title="Keir Starmer">Keir Starmer</a> (from 2024) <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/John_Healey_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Healey (politician)">John Healey</a> (from 2024) <a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/22px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/33px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/44px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a> (from 2017) <a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/22px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/33px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/44px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9bastien_Lecornu" title="Sébastien Lecornu">Sébastien Lecornu</a> (from 2022) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /> <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Albanese" title="Anthony Albanese">Anthony Albanese</a> (from 2022) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /> <a href="/wiki/Greg_Moriarty" title="Greg Moriarty">Greg Moriarty</a> (from 2017) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_De_Croo" title="Alexander De Croo">Alexander De Croo</a> (from 2020) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ludivine_Dedonder" title="Ludivine Dedonder">Ludivine Dedonder</a> (from 2020) <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain"><img alt="Bahrain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/33px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Hamad_bin_Isa_Al_Khalifa" title="Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa">Hamad Al Khalifa</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/22px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/33px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/44px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /> <a href="/wiki/Mette_Frederiksen" title="Mette Frederiksen">Mette Frederiksen</a> (from 2019) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/22px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/33px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/44px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /> <a href="/wiki/Troels_Lund_Poulsen" title="Troels Lund Poulsen">Troels Lund Poulsen</a> (from 2023) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Justin Trudeau</a> (from 2015) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Bill_Blair_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill Blair (politician)">Bill Blair</a> (from 2023) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Olaf_Scholz" title="Olaf Scholz">Olaf Scholz</a> (from 2021) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Boris_Pistorius" title="Boris Pistorius">Boris Pistorius</a> (from 2023) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/22px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/33px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/44px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Giorgia_Meloni" title="Giorgia Meloni">Giorgia Meloni</a> (from 2022) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/22px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/33px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/44px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Guido_Crosetto" title="Guido Crosetto">Guido Crosetto</a> (from 2022) <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Allies</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_II_of_Jordan" title="Abdullah II of Jordan">King Abdullah II</a> <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco"><img alt="Morocco" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/22px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/33px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/44px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_VI_of_Morocco" title="Mohammed VI of Morocco">King Mohammed VI</a> <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Dick_Schoof" title="Dick Schoof">Dick Schoof</a> (from 2024) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ruben_Brekelmans" title="Ruben Brekelmans">Ruben Brekelmans</a> (from 2024) <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway"><img alt="Norway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/22px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/33px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/44px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Jonas_Gahr_St%C3%B8re" title="Jonas Gahr Støre">Jonas Gahr Støre</a> (from 2021) <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway"><img alt="Norway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/22px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/33px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/44px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bj%C3%B8rn_Arild_Gram" title="Bjørn Arild Gram">Bjørn Arild Gram</a> (from 2022) <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar"><img alt="Qatar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/22px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/33px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/44px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="550" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Tamim_bin_Hamad_Al_Thani" title="Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani">Tamim Al Thani</a> <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia"><img alt="Saudi Arabia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Salman_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Salman of Saudi Arabia">King Salman</a> (from 2015) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/22px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/33px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/44px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/22px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/33px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/44px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Ya%C5%9Far_G%C3%BCler" title="Yaşar Güler">Yaşar Güler</a> <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates"><img alt="United Arab Emirates" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_bin_Zayed_Al_Nahyan" title="Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan">Mohamed Al Nahyan</a> </li></ul> </div> <hr /> <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria"><img alt="Syria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad" title="Bashar al-Assad">Bashar al-Assad</a> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Allies</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Mishustin" title="Mikhail Mishustin">Mikhail Mishustin</a> <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Andrey_Belousov" title="Andrey Belousov">Andrey Belousov</a> </li></ul> </div> <hr /> <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq"><img alt="Iraq" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/22px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/33px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/44px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Shia%27_Al_Sudani" title="Mohammed Shia' Al Sudani">Mohammed Shia' Al Sudani</a> (from 2022) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Nechirvan_Barzani" title="Nechirvan Barzani">Nechirvan Barzani</a> (from 2019) <hr /> <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya"><img alt="Libya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/22px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/33px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/44px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Khalifa_Haftar" title="Khalifa Haftar">Khalifa Haftar</a> (from 2014) <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya"><img alt="Libya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/22px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/33px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/44px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Saddam_Haftar" title="Saddam Haftar">Saddam Haftar</a> (from 2016) <hr /> <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran"><img alt="Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/22px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/33px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/44px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Qasem_Soleimani" title="Qasem Soleimani">Qasem Soleimani</a> <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran"><img alt="Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/22px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/33px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/44px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ali_Khamenei" title="Ali Khamenei">Ali Khamenei</a> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Allies</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Hezbollah" title="Hezbollah"><img alt="Hezbollah" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/InfoboxHez.PNG/22px-InfoboxHez.PNG" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/InfoboxHez.PNG/33px-InfoboxHez.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/InfoboxHez.PNG/44px-InfoboxHez.PNG 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Hassan_Nasrallah" title="Hassan Nasrallah">Hassan Nasrallah</a> </li></ul> </div> <hr /> <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon"><img alt="Lebanon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/22px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/33px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/44px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Michel_Aoun" title="Michel Aoun">Michel Aoun</a> <hr /> <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan"><img alt="Pakistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Shehbaz_Sharif" title="Shehbaz Sharif">Shehbaz Sharif</a> (from 2022) <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan"><img alt="Afghanistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Hibatullah_Akhundzada" title="Hibatullah Akhundzada">Hibatullah Akhundzada</a> (from 2016) <hr /> <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt"><img alt="Egypt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/22px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/33px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/44px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Abdel_Fattah_el-Sisi" title="Abdel Fattah el-Sisi">Abdel Fattah el-Sisi</a> <hr /> <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria"><img alt="Nigeria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bola_Tinubu" title="Bola Tinubu">Bola Tinubu</a> (from 2023) <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad"><img alt="Chad" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/22px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/33px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/44px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mahamat_D%C3%A9by" title="Mahamat Déby">Mahamat Déby</a> (from 2021) <a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon"><img alt="Cameroon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/22px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/33px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/44px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Biya" title="Paul Biya">Paul Biya</a> <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger"><img alt="Niger" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/22px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/33px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/44px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Abdourahamane_Tchiani" title="Abdourahamane Tchiani">Abdourahamane Tchiani</a> (from 2023) <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Allies</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi"><img alt="Burundi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/22px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/33px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/44px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%89variste_Ndayishimiye" title="Évariste Ndayishimiye">Évariste Ndayishimiye</a> (from 2020) </li></ul> </div> <hr /> <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria"><img alt="Algeria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Abdelmadjid_Tebboune" title="Abdelmadjid Tebboune">Abdelmadjid Tebboune</a> (from 2019) <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1256386598">.mw-parser-output .cot-header-mainspace{background:#F0F2F5;color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cot-header-other{background:#CCFFCC;color:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cot-header-mainspace{background:#14181F;color:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cot-header-other{background:#003500;color:inherit}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cot-header-mainspace{background:#14181F;color:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cot-header-other{background:#003500;color:inherit}}</style> <div style="margin-left:0px"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-archivedtalk mw-collapsed" style="color:inherit; background: transparent; text-align: left; border: 0px solid transparent; margin: 0.2em auto auto; width:100%; clear: both; padding: 1px;"> <tbody><tr> <th class="cot-header-mainspace" style="background:transparent; font-size:87%; padding:0.2em 0.3em; text-align:left; color:#202122"><div style="font-size:115%;">Former leaders</div> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; border: solid 0px transparent; padding: 0.6em; background: transparent;"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> (2017–2021) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> (until 2017) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Hagel" title="Chuck Hagel">Chuck Hagel</a> (until 2015) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/Ash_Carter" title="Ash Carter">Ash Carter</a> (2015–2017) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/Jim_Mattis" title="Jim Mattis">Jim Mattis</a> (2017–2019) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/Mark_Esper" title="Mark Esper">Mark Esper</a> (2019–2020) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Liz_Truss" title="Liz Truss">Liz Truss</a> (2022) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Boris_Johnson" title="Boris Johnson">Boris Johnson</a> (2019–2022) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Theresa_May" title="Theresa May">Theresa May</a> (2016–2019) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/David_Cameron" title="David Cameron">David Cameron</a> (until 2016) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Philip_Hammond" title="Philip Hammond">Philip Hammond</a> (2014) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Fallon" title="Michael Fallon">Michael Fallon</a> (2014–2017) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Gavin_Williamson" title="Gavin Williamson">Gavin Williamson</a> (2017–2019) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Penny_Mordaunt" title="Penny Mordaunt">Penny Mordaunt</a> (2019) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ben_Wallace_(politician)" title="Ben Wallace (politician)">Robert Ben Lobban Wallace</a> (2019–2023) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Rishi_Sunak" title="Rishi Sunak">Rishi Sunak</a> (2022–2024) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Grant_Shapps" title="Grant Shapps">Grant Shapps</a> (2023–2025) <a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/22px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/33px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/44px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hollande" title="François Hollande">François Hollande</a> (until 2017) <a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/22px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/33px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/44px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Jean-Yves_Le_Drian" title="Jean-Yves Le Drian">Jean-Yves Le Drian</a> (2014–2017) <a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/22px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/33px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/44px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Florence_Parly" title="Florence Parly">Florence Parly</a> (2017–2022) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /> <a href="/wiki/Scott_Morrison" title="Scott Morrison">Scott Morrison</a> (2018–2022) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /> <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Turnbull" title="Malcolm Turnbull">Malcolm Turnbull</a> (2015–2018) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /> <a href="/wiki/Tony_Abbott" title="Tony Abbott">Tony Abbott</a> (until 2015) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /> <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Richardson_(public_servant)" title="Dennis Richardson (public servant)">Dennis Richardson</a> (2015–2017) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Sophie_Wilm%C3%A8s" title="Sophie Wilmès">Sophie Wilmès</a> (2019–2020) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Michel" title="Charles Michel">Charles Michel</a> (2014–2019) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Elio_Di_Rupo" title="Elio Di Rupo">Elio Di Rupo</a> (until 2014) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Pieter_De_Crem" title="Pieter De Crem">Pieter De Crem</a> (2014) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Steven_Vandeput" title="Steven Vandeput">Steven Vandeput</a> (2014–2018) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Didier_Reynders" title="Didier Reynders">Didier Reynders</a> (2018–2019) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Philippe_Goffin" title="Philippe Goffin">Philippe Goffin</a> (2019–2020) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Stephen Harper</a> (until 2015) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Rob_Nicholson" title="Rob Nicholson">Robert Nicholson</a> (2014–2015) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Jason_Kenney" title="Jason Kenney">Jason Kenney</a> (2015) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Anita_Anand" title="Anita Anand">Anita Anand</a> (2021–2023) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/22px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/33px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/44px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /> <a href="/wiki/Lars_L%C3%B8kke_Rasmussen" title="Lars Løkke Rasmussen">Lars Løkke Rasmussen</a> (2015–2019) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/22px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/33px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/44px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /> <a href="/wiki/Helle_Thorning-Schmidt" title="Helle Thorning-Schmidt">Helle Thorning-Schmidt</a> (until 2015) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/22px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/33px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/44px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /> <a href="/wiki/Nicolai_Wammen" title="Nicolai Wammen">Nicolai Wammen</a> (2014–2015) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/22px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/33px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/44px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /> <a href="/wiki/Carl_Holst" title="Carl Holst">Carl Holst</a> (2015) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/22px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/33px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/44px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /> <a href="/wiki/Peter_Christensen" title="Peter Christensen">Peter Christensen</a> (2015–2016) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/22px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/33px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/44px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /> <a href="/wiki/Claus_Hjort_Frederiksen" title="Claus Hjort Frederiksen">Claus Hjort Frederiksen</a> (2015–2019) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/22px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/33px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/44px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /> <a href="/wiki/Trine_Bramsen" title="Trine Bramsen">Trine Bramsen</a> (2019–2022) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/22px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/33px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/44px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /> <a href="/wiki/Morten_B%C3%B8dskov" title="Morten Bødskov">Morten Bødskov</a> (2022) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/22px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/33px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/44px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /> <a href="/wiki/Jakob_Ellemann-Jensen" title="Jakob Ellemann-Jensen">Jakob Ellemann-Jensen</a> (2022–2023) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Angela_Merkel" title="Angela Merkel">Angela Merkel</a> (until 2021) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ursula_von_der_Leyen" title="Ursula von der Leyen">Ursula von der Leyen</a> (2014–2019) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Annegret_Kramp-Karrenbauer" title="Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer">Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer</a> (2019–2021) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Christine_Lambrecht" title="Christine Lambrecht">Christine Lambrecht</a> (2021–2023) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/22px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/33px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/44px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Mario_Draghi" title="Mario Draghi">Mario Draghi</a> (2021–2022) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/22px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/33px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/44px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Conte" title="Giuseppe Conte">Giuseppe Conte</a> (2018–2021) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/22px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/33px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/44px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Paolo_Gentiloni" title="Paolo Gentiloni">Paolo Gentiloni</a> (2016–2018) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/22px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/33px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/44px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Matteo_Renzi" title="Matteo Renzi">Matteo Renzi</a> (until 2016) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/22px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/33px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/44px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Roberta_Pinotti" title="Roberta Pinotti">Roberta Pinotti</a> (2014–2018) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/22px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/33px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/44px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Elisabetta_Trenta" title="Elisabetta Trenta">Elisabetta Trenta</a> (2018–2019) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/22px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/33px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/44px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Guerini" title="Lorenzo Guerini">Lorenzo Guerini</a> (2019–2022) <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mark_Rutte" title="Mark Rutte">Mark Rutte</a> (2014-2024) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Jeanine_Hennis-Plasschaert" title="Jeanine Hennis-Plasschaert">Jeanine Hennis-Plasschaert</a> (2014–2017) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ank_Bijleveld" title="Ank Bijleveld">Ank Bijleveld</a> (2017–2021) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Henk_Kamp" title="Henk Kamp">Henk Kamp</a> (2021–2022) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Kajsa_Ollongren" title="Kajsa Ollongren">Kajsa Ollongren</a> (2022-2024) <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway"><img alt="Norway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/22px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/33px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/44px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Erna_Solberg" title="Erna Solberg">Erna Solberg</a> (until 2021) <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway"><img alt="Norway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/22px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/33px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/44px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ine_Eriksen_S%C3%B8reide" title="Ine Eriksen Søreide">Ine Eriksen Søreide</a> (2014–2017) <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway"><img alt="Norway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/22px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/33px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/44px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Frank_Bakke-Jensen" title="Frank Bakke-Jensen">Frank Bakke-Jensen</a> (2017–2022) <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway"><img alt="Norway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/22px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/33px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/44px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Odd_Roger_Enoksen" title="Odd Roger Enoksen">Odd Roger Enoksen</a> (2021–2022) <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia"><img alt="Saudi Arabia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Abdullah of Saudi Arabia">King Abdullah</a>  <a href="/wiki/Manner_of_death#Death_by_natural_causes" title="Manner of death">#</a> (until 2015) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/22px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/33px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/44px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0smet_Y%C4%B1lmaz" title="İsmet Yılmaz">İsmet Yılmaz</a> (2015–2016) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/22px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/33px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/44px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Vecdi_G%C3%B6n%C3%BCl" title="Vecdi Gönül">Vecdi Gönül</a> (2015) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/22px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/33px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/44px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Fikri_I%C5%9F%C4%B1k" title="Fikri Işık">Fikri Işık</a> (2016–2017) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/22px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/33px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/44px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Nurettin_Canikli" title="Nurettin Canikli">Nurettin Canikli</a> (2017–2018) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/22px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/33px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/44px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Hulusi_Akar" title="Hulusi Akar">Hulusi Akar</a> (2018–2023) <hr /> <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Dmitri_Medvedev" class="mw-redirect" title="Dmitri Medvedev">Dmitri Medvedev</a> <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Shoigu" title="Sergei Shoigu">Sergei Shoigu</a> <hr /> <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq"><img alt="Iraq" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/22px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/33px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/44px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Al-Kadhimi" title="Mustafa Al-Kadhimi">Mustafa Al-Kadhimi</a> (2020–2022) <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq"><img alt="Iraq" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/22px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/33px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/44px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Adil_Abdul-Mahdi" title="Adil Abdul-Mahdi">Adil Abdul-Mahdi</a> (2018–2020) <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq"><img alt="Iraq" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/22px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/33px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/44px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Haider_al-Abadi" title="Haider al-Abadi">Haider al-Abadi</a> (2014–2018) <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq"><img alt="Iraq" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/22px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/33px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/44px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Nouri_al-Maliki" title="Nouri al-Maliki">Nouri al-Maliki</a> (until 2014) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Masoud_Barzani" title="Masoud Barzani">Masoud Barzani</a> (until 2017) <hr /> <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan"><img alt="Pakistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Imran_Khan" title="Imran Khan">Imran Khan</a> (2018–2022) <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan"><img alt="Pakistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Shahid_Khaqan_Abbasi" title="Shahid Khaqan Abbasi">Shahid Khaqan Abbasi</a> (2017–2018) <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan"><img alt="Pakistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Nawaz_Sharif" title="Nawaz Sharif">Nawaz Sharif</a> (until 2017) <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Afghanistan" title="Islamic Republic of Afghanistan"><img alt="Islamic Republic of Afghanistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ashraf_Ghani" title="Ashraf Ghani">Ashraf Ghani</a> (2015–2021) <a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban"><img alt="Taliban" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Akhtar_Mansour" title="Akhtar Mansour">Akhtar Mansour</a> † (2015–2016) <hr /> <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria"><img alt="Nigeria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Goodluck_Jonathan" title="Goodluck Jonathan">Goodluck Jonathan</a> (until 2015) <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria"><img alt="Nigeria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Muhammadu_Buhari" title="Muhammadu Buhari">Muhammadu Buhari</a> (until 2023) <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad"><img alt="Chad" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/22px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/33px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/44px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Idriss_D%C3%A9by" title="Idriss Déby">Idriss Déby</a> † (until 2021) <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger"><img alt="Niger" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/22px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/33px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/44px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Bazoum" title="Mohamed Bazoum">Mohamed Bazoum</a> (2021–2023) <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger"><img alt="Niger" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/22px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/33px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/44px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mahamadou_Issoufou" title="Mahamadou Issoufou">Mahamadou Issoufou</a> (until 2021) <a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi"><img alt="Burundi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/22px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/33px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/44px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Nkurunziza" title="Pierre Nkurunziza">Pierre Nkurunziza</a> † (until 2020) <hr /> <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria"><img alt="Algeria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Abdelaziz_Bouteflika" title="Abdelaziz Bouteflika">Abdelaziz Bouteflika</a> (until 2019) </td></tr></tbody></table></div></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/22px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/33px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/44px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Abu_Hafs_al-Hashimi_al-Qurashi" title="Abu Hafs al-Hashimi al-Qurashi">Abu Hafs al-Hashimi al-Qurashi</a> (leader) <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Former Leaders</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/22px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/33px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/44px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Hussein_al-Husseini_al-Qurashi" title="Abu al-Hussein al-Husseini al-Qurashi">Abu al-Hussein al-Husseini al-Qurashi</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a> (Former leader) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/22px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/33px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/44px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Hasan_al-Hashimi_al-Qurashi" title="Abu al-Hasan al-Hashimi al-Qurashi">Abu al-Hasan al-Hashimi al-Qurashi</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a> (Former leader) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/22px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/33px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/44px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Abu_Ibrahim_al-Hashimi_al-Qurashi" title="Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi">Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a> (Former leader) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/22px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/33px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/44px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a> (Former leader)<a href="#cite_note-al-Baghdadi_incapacitated-16">[16]</a> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State"><img alt="Islamic State" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/22px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/33px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/44px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Abu_Ali_al-Anbari" title="Abu Ali al-Anbari">Abu Ali al-Anbari</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a> (Deputy Leader of ISIL)<a href="#cite_note-Deputy_leader_assumes_command_of_ISIL-17">[17]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/22px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/33px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/44px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Abu_Ayman_al-Iraqi" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Ayman al-Iraqi">Abu Ayman al-Iraqi</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a> (Head of Military Shura)<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-who_is_next-19">[19]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/22px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/33px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/44px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Abu_Suleiman_al-Naser" title="Abu Suleiman al-Naser">Abu Suleiman al-Naser</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a> (Replacement Military Chief)<a href="#cite_note-who_is_next-19">[19]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/22px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/33px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/44px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Abu_Muslim_al-Turkmani" title="Abu Muslim al-Turkmani">Abu Muslim al-Turkmani</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a> (Deputy Leader, Iraq)<a href="#cite_note-ISIL_top_Iraqi_commander_killed_in_airstrike_on_Mosul-20">[20]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/22px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/33px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/44px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Abu_Osama_al-Masri" title="Abu Osama al-Masri">Abu Osama al-Masri </a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a> (Emir of Sinai) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/22px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/33px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/44px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Abu_Omar_al-Shishani" title="Abu Omar al-Shishani">Abu Omar al-Shishani</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a> (Chief commander in Syria)<a href="#cite_note-al-Shishani_dead1-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-al-Shishani_dead2-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-confirmation-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-Omar_dead-24">[24]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/22px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/33px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/44px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Rustam_Asildarov" title="Rustam Asildarov">Abu Muhammad al-Kadari</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a> (ISIL commander of the North Caucasus) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/22px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/33px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/44px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Abu_Nabil_al-Anbari" title="Abu Nabil al-Anbari">Abu Nabil al-Anbari</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a> (former ISIL commander of North Africa)<a href="#cite_note-defense-25">[25]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/22px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/33px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/44px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Abubakar_Shekau" title="Abubakar Shekau">Abubakar Shekau</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a> (ISIL Emir of West Africa)<a href="#cite_note-Boko_Haram_joins_ISIL-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-sahara-26">[26]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/22px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/33px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/44px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Isnilon_Totoni_Hapilon" class="mw-redirect" title="Isnilon Totoni Hapilon">Abu Abdullah al-Filipini</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a> (ISIL Emir of the Philippines and Co-Leader of Abu Sayyaf) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/22px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/33px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/44px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Radullan_Sahiron" title="Radullan Sahiron">Radullan Sahiron</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a> (Co-Leader of Abu Sayyaf) </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>United States:</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">4,100 troops (in Iraq)<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">2,500 troops (in Kuwait)<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">7,000 contractors<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">500 soldiers to retrain the Iraqi army<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> </li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Australia:</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">400 RAAF personnel<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">200 special forces troops </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">300+ regular soldiers (combined with 100+ New Zealand soldiers)<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> </li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Canada:</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Up to 200 special forces advisers </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">830 <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Armed_Forces" title="Canadian Armed Forces">Canadian Armed Forces</a> personnel<a href="#cite_note-Personal-34">[34]</a> </li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Germany:</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">1200 troops<a href="#cite_note-BBC-35">[35]</a> </li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Italy:</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">130 search and rescue team </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">1,200 troops<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> </li></ul> </div> <hr /> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Russia:</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">4,000 personnel<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> </li></ul> </div> <hr /> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Iran:</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">500 <a href="/wiki/Quds_Force" title="Quds Force">Quds Force</a> members<a href="#cite_note-vox1-39">[39]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">1,500 <a href="/wiki/Basij" title="Basij">Basijis</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> </li></ul> </div> <hr /> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Nigeria:</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_Army" title="Nigerian Army">Army</a>: 130,000 active frontline troops. 32,000 active reserve troops. </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Nigeria_Police_Force" title="Nigeria Police Force">Police Force</a>: 371,000 officers </li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Cameroon:</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 20,000 soldiers </li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>African Union:</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 8,700 soldiers </li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Syrian Salvation Government:</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 50,000+ soldiers<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> Islamic Front (2013-2015); 26,000-30,000 soldiers<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> </li></ul> </div></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>ISIL:</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">200,000 in Iraq and Syria (claim by <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Kurdistan" title="Iraqi Kurdistan">Iraqi Kurdistan</a> Chief of Staff)<a href="#cite_note-el-balad.com1-45">[45]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">28,600–31,600 in Iraq and Syria (Defense Department estimate)<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">35,000–100,000 (State Department estimate)<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">1,500+ in Egypt </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">6,500–10,000 in Libya<a href="#cite_note-limits-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-shifts_to_Libya-49">[49]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">7,000–10,000 in Nigeria<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">1,000–3,000 in Afghanistan<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">At least 400 in the Philippines and Malaysia </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Up to 600 tanks<a href="#cite_note-nearly_5,000_bombs_dropped_on_ISIL-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-weight:normal;background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq"><img alt="Iraq" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/22px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/33px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/44px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> Iraq</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <ul><li>16,000+ killed and 13,000+ wounded<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a></li></ul> </li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-weight:normal;background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Administration_of_North_and_East_Syria" title="Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria"><img alt="Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/De_facto_SA-NES_Flag.svg/22px-De_facto_SA-NES_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/De_facto_SA-NES_Flag.svg/33px-De_facto_SA-NES_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/De_facto_SA-NES_Flag.svg/44px-De_facto_SA-NES_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> Rojava</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <ul><li>11,000+ fighters killed<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a></li></ul> </li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-weight:normal;background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria"><img alt="Syria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> Syria</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <ul><li>8,000+ soldiers killed<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a></li></ul> </li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-weight:normal;background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div><a href="/wiki/Syrian_opposition" title="Syrian opposition"><img alt="Syrian opposition" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1067" data-file-height="600" /></a> Syrian Opposition</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <ul><li>3,378+ fighters killed<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a></li></ul> </li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-weight:normal;background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div><a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Region" title="Kurdistan Region"><img alt="Kurdistan Region" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> Kurdistan Region:</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <ul><li>1,500+ fighters killed<a href="#cite_note-Iraq_2015:_A_Catastrophic_Normal-61">[61]</a></li> <li>6,000+ fighters wounded<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a></li> <li>52 fighters missing<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a></li></ul> </li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-weight:normal;background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt"><img alt="Egypt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/22px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/33px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/44px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> Egypt</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <ul><li>700+ security forces killed<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a></li></ul> </li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-weight:normal;background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div><a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad"><img alt="Chad" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/22px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/33px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/44px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> Chad</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <ul><li>101 servicemen killed<a href="#cite_note-news24.com-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a></li></ul> </li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-weight:normal;background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/22px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/33px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/44px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> Turkey</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <ul><li>76 servicemen killed<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a></li></ul> </li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-weight:normal;background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria"><img alt="Nigeria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> Nigeria</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <ul><li>48 servicemen killed<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-reuters.com-73">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-reuters.com1-74">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-foxnews.com-75">[75]</a></li></ul> </li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-weight:normal;background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran"><img alt="Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/22px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/33px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/44px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a> Iran:</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <ul><li>35 servicemen killed<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a></li></ul> </li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-weight:normal;background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> Russia:</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <ul><li>28 servicemen killed<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-TASS_4_servicemen-82">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-twenty-83">[83]</a></li></ul> </li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-weight:normal;background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div><a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger"><img alt="Niger" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/22px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/33px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/44px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="600" /></a> Niger</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <ul><li>9 servicemen killed<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a></li></ul> </li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-weight:normal;background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> United States</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <ul><li>6 servicemen killed<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-defense.gov-86">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a></li> <li>16 servicemen wounded<a href="#cite_note-defense.gov-86">[86]</a></li></ul> </li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-weight:normal;background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div><a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon"><img alt="Cameroon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/22px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/33px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/44px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> Cameroon</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <ul><li>6 servicemen killed<a href="#cite_note-news24.com-65">[65]</a></li></ul> </li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-weight:normal;background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia"><img alt="Saudi Arabia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> Saudi Arabia</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <ul><li>3 border guards killed<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a></li></ul> </li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-weight:normal;background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> Canada</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <ul><li>1 serviceman killed<a href="#cite_note-ajd-91">[91]</a></li></ul> </li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-weight:normal;background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/22px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/33px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/44px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> France</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <ul><li>2 servicemen killed</li></ul> </li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-weight:normal;background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> United Kingdom</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <ul><li>3 servicemen killed</li></ul> </li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-weight:normal;background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan"><img alt="Jordan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> Jordan</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <ul><li>1 serviceman killed<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a></li></ul> </li></ul> </div></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-weight:normal;background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State"><img alt="Islamic State" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a> Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant:</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <ul><li>80,000+ killed<a href="#cite_note-80k-93">[93]</a> overall since 2014<a href="#cite_note-Airstrikes_in_Iraq_and_Syria-94">[94]</a></li> <li>1,500–2,500 killed in Libya<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a></li> <li>974 killed in Philippines</li> <li>300 killed in Afghanistan<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a></li> <li>1,000+ killed in Egypt<a href="#cite_note-Egyptianair-98">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a></li></ul> </li></ul> </div> <hr /> 80,000+ militants killed overall<a href="#cite_note-80k-93">[93]</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-top:1px dotted #aaa;"> 13,568+ Iraqi civilians killed by Islamic State<a href="#cite_note-Iraq_2015:_A_Catastrophic_Normal-61">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto1-102">[102]</a> 5,939+ Syrian civilians killed by Islamic State<a href="#cite_note-syriahr.com-103">[103]</a> <hr /> 8,317–13,190 civilians killed by Coalition airstrikes in Iraq and Syria (per Airwars) 1,417 civilians killed by Coalition airstrikes in Iraq and Syria (per Coalition)<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> <hr /> 4,096–6,085 civilians killed by Russian airstrikes in Syria<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> <hr /> 3,300,000 Iraqi civilians displaced<a href="#cite_note-International_Business_Times-106">[106]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)" title="Template:Campaignbox War in Iraq (2013–2017)"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)" title="Template talk:Campaignbox War in Iraq (2013–2017)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox War in Iraq (2013–2017)"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="War_in_Iraq_(2013–2017)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)" title="War in Iraq (2013–2017)">War in Iraq (2013–2017)</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">Battles and operations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anbar_campaign_(2013%E2%80%932014)" title="Anbar campaign (2013–2014)">1st Anbar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Fallujah" title="Fall of Fallujah">1st Fallujah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Iraq_offensive_(June_2014)" title="Northern Iraq offensive (June 2014)">1st Northern Iraq</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Mosul" title="Fall of Mosul">1st Mosul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badush_prison_massacre" title="Badush prison massacre">Badush prison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_Speicher_massacre" title="Camp Speicher massacre">Camp Speicher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kirkuk_(2014)" title="Battle of Kirkuk (2014)">1st Kirkuk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Iraq_offensive_(August_2014)" title="Northern Iraq offensive (August 2014)">2nd Northern Iraq</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zumar" title="Battle of Zumar">Zumar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Makhmour" title="Battle of Makhmour">Makhmour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinjar_massacre" title="Sinjar massacre">1st Sinjar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_for_Mosul_Dam" title="Battle for Mosul Dam">Mosul Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sharfadin_Temple" title="Battle of Sharfadin Temple">Sharfadin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musab_bin_Umair_mosque_massacre" title="Musab bin Umair mosque massacre">Musab bin Umair mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Suq_al_Ghazi" title="Battle of Suq al Ghazi">Suq al-Ghazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Saqlawiyah" title="Siege of Saqlawiyah">Saqlawiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_H%C4%ABt_(2014)" title="Fall of Hīt (2014)">1st Hīt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_Jurf_Al_Sakhar" title="Liberation of Jurf Al Sakhar">Jurf al-Sakhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salahuddin_campaign" title="Salahuddin campaign">Salahuddin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Baiji" title="Fall of Baiji">1st Baiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Amirli" title="Siege of Amirli">Siege of Amirli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Tikrit" title="First Battle of Tikrit">1st Tikrit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baiji_(2014%E2%80%932015)" title="Battle of Baiji (2014–2015)">2nd Baiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baiji_(2014%E2%80%932015)" title="Battle of Baiji (2014–2015)">3rd Baiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhuluiya_offensive" title="Dhuluiya offensive">Dhuluiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Tikrit" title="Second Battle of Tikrit">2nd Tikrit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ramadi_(2014%E2%80%932015)" title="Battle of Ramadi (2014–2015)">1st Ramadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2014_Sinjar_offensive" title="December 2014 Sinjar offensive">2nd Sinjar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosul_offensive_(2015)" title="Mosul offensive (2015)">2nd Mosul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kirkuk_(2015)" title="Battle of Kirkuk (2015)">2nd Kirkuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Karmah_offensive" title="Al-Karmah offensive">Al-Karmah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anbar_campaign_(2015%E2%80%932016)" title="Anbar campaign (2015–2016)">2nd Anbar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ramadi_(2015%E2%80%932016)" title="Battle of Ramadi (2015–2016)">2nd Ramadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Fallujah_(2016)" title="Siege of Fallujah (2016)">2nd Fallujah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hit_(2016)" title="Battle of Hit (2016)">2nd Hīt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ar-Rutbah_(2016)" title="Battle of Ar-Rutbah (2016)">Ar-Rutbah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Fallujah" title="Third Battle of Fallujah">3rd Fallujah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2015_Sinjar_offensive" title="November 2015 Sinjar offensive">3rd Sinjar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nineveh_Plains_offensive" title="Nineveh Plains offensive">Nineveh Plains offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirqat_offensive_(2016)" title="Shirqat offensive (2016)">Shirqat offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mosul_(2016%E2%80%932017)" title="Battle of Mosul (2016–2017)">3rd Mosul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mosul_(2016%E2%80%932017)" title="Battle of Mosul (2016–2017)">4th Mosul</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2017_Mosul_airstrike" title="2017 Mosul airstrike">Mosul airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Nineveh_offensive_(2017)" title="Western Nineveh offensive (2017)">Western Nineveh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kirkuk_(2016)" title="Battle of Kirkuk (2016)">3rd Kirkuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamam_al-Alil_massacre" title="Hamam al-Alil massacre">Hamam al-Alil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinjar_clashes_(2017)" title="Sinjar clashes (2017)">4th Sinjar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2017_Turkish_airstrikes_in_Syria_and_Iraq" title="April 2017 Turkish airstrikes in Syria and Iraq">Turkish Sinjar airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tal_Afar_(2017)" title="Battle of Tal Afar (2017)">Tal Afar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Anbar_offensive_(2017)" title="Western Anbar offensive (2017)">Western Anbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hawija" title="Battle of Hawija">Hawija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Iraqi%E2%80%93Kurdish_conflict" title="2017 Iraqi–Kurdish conflict">Iraqi–Kurdish conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kirkuk_(2017)" title="Battle of Kirkuk (2017)">4th Kirkuk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Western_Iraq_campaign" title="2017 Western Iraq campaign">Western Iraq</a></li></ul> <hr /> Major insurgent attacks <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2014_Hillah_bombing" title="2014 Hillah bombing">1st Hillah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2015_Baghdad_bombings" title="February 2015 Baghdad bombings">1st Baghdad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Khan_Bani_Saad_bombing" title="2015 Khan Bani Saad bombing">Khan Bani Saad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2015_Baghdad_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="August 2015 Baghdad bombing">2nd Baghdad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2016_Iraq_attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="January 2016 Iraq attacks">Sharaban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Ramadi_bombing" title="2016 Ramadi bombing">Ramadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Mosul_massacre" title="2016 Mosul massacre">Mosul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2016_Baghdad_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="February 2016 Baghdad bombings">3rd Baghdad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miqdadiyah_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="Miqdadiyah bombing">Miqdadiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2016_Hillah_suicide_truck_bombing" title="March 2016 Hillah suicide truck bombing">2nd Hillah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iskandariya_suicide_bombing" title="Iskandariya suicide bombing">Iskandariya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2016_Baghdad_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="April 2016 Baghdad bombing">4th Baghdad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Samawa_bombing" title="2016 Samawa bombing">Samawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11_May_2016_Baghdad_bombings" title="11 May 2016 Baghdad bombings">5th Baghdad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Madrid_fan_club_massacres" title="Real Madrid fan club massacres">1st Balad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Taji_gas_plant_attack" title="2016 Taji gas plant attack">Taji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2016_Baghdad_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="May 2016 Baghdad bombings">6th Baghdad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Karrada_bombing" title="2016 Karrada bombing">7th Baghdad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Ali_al-Hadi_Mausoleum_attack" title="Muhammad ibn Ali al-Hadi Mausoleum attack">2nd Balad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9_September_2016_Baghdad_bombings" title="9 September 2016 Baghdad bombings">8th Baghdad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2016_Baghdad_attacks" title="October 2016 Baghdad attacks">9th Baghdad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2016_Hillah_suicide_truck_bombing" title="November 2016 Hillah suicide truck bombing">3rd Hillah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2016_Baghdad_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="December 2016 Baghdad bombings">10th Baghdad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2,_2017,_Baghdad_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="January 2, 2017, Baghdad bombings">11th Baghdad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Tikrit_attacks" title="2017 Tikrit attacks">Tikrit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Faqma_ice_cream_parlor_bombing" title="Al-Faqma ice cream parlor bombing">12th Baghdad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Nasiriyah_attacks" title="2017 Nasiriyah attacks">Nasiriyah</a></li></ul> <hr /> Foreign interventions <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_intervention_in_Iraq_(2014%E2%80%93present)" title="Iranian intervention in Iraq (2014–present)">Iranian-led intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American-led_intervention_in_Iraq_(2014%E2%80%932021)" class="mw-redirect" title="American-led intervention in Iraq (2014–2021)">American-led intervention</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Inherent_Resolve" title="Operation Inherent Resolve">Inherent Resolve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Shader" title="Operation Shader">Shader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Okra" title="Operation Okra">Okra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ration_Chammal" title="Opération Chammal">Chammal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Impact" title="Operation Impact">Impact</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> IS genocide of minorities <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_by_the_Islamic_State" title="Persecution of Christians by the Islamic State">Christian genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocide_of_Yazidis_by_the_Islamic_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Genocide of Yazidis by the Islamic State">Yazidi genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Shias_by_the_Islamic_State" title="Persecution of Shias by the Islamic State">Shia genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Turkmen_genocide" title="Iraqi Turkmen genocide">Turkmen genocide</a></li></ul> <hr /> IS war crimes <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mass_executions_in_Islamic_State-occupied_Mosul" title="Mass executions in Islamic State-occupied Mosul">Mosul executions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use_of_chemical_weapons_in_the_War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)" title="Use of chemical weapons in the War in Iraq (2013–2017)">Chemical weapons</a></li></ul> <hr /> Timeline <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Iraqi_insurgency_(2013)" title="Timeline of the Iraqi insurgency (2013)">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_War_in_Iraq_(2014)" title="Timeline of the War in Iraq (2014)">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_War_in_Iraq_(2015)" title="Timeline of the War in Iraq (2015)">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_War_in_Iraq_(2016)" title="Timeline of the War in Iraq (2016)">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_War_in_Iraq_(2017)" title="Timeline of the War in Iraq (2017)">2017</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Syrian_civil_war" title="Template:Campaignbox Syrian civil war"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Syrian_civil_war" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Syrian civil war"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Syrian_civil_war" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Syrian civil war"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Syrian_civil_war" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war">Timeline</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93April_2011)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2011)">January–April 2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(May%E2%80%93August_2011)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (May–August 2011)">May–August 2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (September–December 2011)">September–December 2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93April_2012)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2012)">January–April 2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(May%E2%80%93August_2012)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (May–August 2012)">May–August 2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2012)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (September–December 2012)">September–December 2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93April_2013)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2013)">January–April 2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(May%E2%80%93December_2013)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (May–December 2013)">May–December 2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93July_2014)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–July 2014)">January–July 2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(August%E2%80%93December_2014)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (August–December 2014)">August–December 2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93July_2015)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–July 2015)">January–July 2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(August%E2%80%93December_2015)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (August–December 2015)">August–December 2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93April_2016)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2016)">January–April 2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(May%E2%80%93August_2016)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (May–August 2016)">May–August 2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2016)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (September–December 2016)">September–December 2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93April_2017)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2017)">January–April 2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(May%E2%80%93August_2017)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (May–August 2017)">May–August 2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2017)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (September–December 2017)">September–December 2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93April_2018)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2018)">January–April 2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(May%E2%80%93August_2018)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (May–August 2018)">May–August 2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2018)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (September–December 2018)">September–December 2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93April_2019)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2019)">January–April 2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(May%E2%80%93August_2019)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (May–August 2019)">May–August 2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2019)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (September–December 2019)">September–December 2019</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(2020)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (2020)">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(2021)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (2021)">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(2022)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (2022)">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(2023)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (2023)">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(2024)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (2024)">2024</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Background_and_causes_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Background and causes of the Syrian civil war">Background and causes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casualties_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Casualties of the Syrian civil war">Casualties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Control_of_cities_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Control of cities during the Syrian civil war">Cities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Syrian_Civil_War_detailed_map" title="Template:Syrian Civil War detailed map">map</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_terrorist_incidents_in_Syria" title="List of terrorist incidents in Syria">Terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_massacres_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="List of massacres during the Syrian civil war">Massacres</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;margin: 0; float: right; clear: right; width: 25em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;;float:right; clear:right; margin:0.2em 0 0.2em 0.5em; width:300px; display:table;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: #CEE0F2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_civil_uprising_phase_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template:Campaignbox civil uprising phase of the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_civil_uprising_phase_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template talk:Campaignbox civil uprising phase of the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_civil_uprising_phase_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox civil uprising phase of the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Civil_uprising_in_Syria_(March–August_2011)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Civil_uprising_phase_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil uprising phase of the Syrian civil war">Civil uprising in Syria</a> (March–August 2011)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Daraa" title="Siege of Daraa">Daraa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Baniyas" title="Siege of Baniyas">Baniyas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Homs" title="Siege of Homs">Homs (May–August 2011)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Talkalakh_(May_2011)" title="Siege of Talkalakh (May 2011)">Talkalakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Rastan_and_Talbiseh" title="Siege of Rastan and Talbiseh">Rastan and Talbiseh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2011_Jisr_ash-Shughur_clashes" title="June 2011 Jisr ash-Shughur clashes">1st Jisr ash-Shughur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summer_2011_Jabal_al-Zawiya_operation" title="Summer 2011 Jabal al-Zawiya operation">1st Jabal al-Zawiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Hama_(2011)" title="Siege of Hama (2011)">Hama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Latakia" title="Siege of Latakia">Latakia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25em;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_early_insurgency_phase_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template:Campaignbox early insurgency phase of the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_early_insurgency_phase_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template talk:Campaignbox early insurgency phase of the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_early_insurgency_phase_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox early insurgency phase of the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Start_of_insurgency_(Sept._2011_–_April_2012)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Early_insurgency_phase_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Early insurgency phase of the Syrian civil war">Start of insurgency</a> (Sept. 2011 – April 2012)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Homs" title="Siege of Homs">Homs (2011–14)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_Homs_offensive" title="2012 Homs offensive">Homs offensive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idlib_Governorate_clashes_(September_2011_%E2%80%93_March_2012)" title="Idlib Governorate clashes (September 2011 – March 2012)">1st Idlib Gov.</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/December_2011_Syrian%E2%80%93Turkish_border_clash" title="December 2011 Syrian–Turkish border clash">Syrian–Turkish border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2011_Jabal_al-Zawiya_massacres" title="December 2011 Jabal al-Zawiya massacres">Jabal al-Zawiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Idlib_(2012)" title="Battle of Idlib (2012)">1st Idlib City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Saraqib" title="Battle of Saraqib">Saraqeb</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rastan_(2011)" title="Battle of Rastan (2011)">1st Rastan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hama_Governorate_clashes_(2011%E2%80%932012)" title="Hama Governorate clashes (2011–2012)">Hama Gov.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shayrat_and_Tiyas_airbase_ambush" title="Shayrat and Tiyas airbase ambush">Shayrat & Tiyas ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daraa_Governorate_clashes_(2011%E2%80%932013)" title="Daraa Governorate clashes (2011–2013)">Daraa Gov.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_clashes_(November_2011%E2%80%93March_2012)" title="Rif Dimashq clashes (November 2011–March 2012)">1st Rif Dimashq</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zabadani_(2012)" title="Battle of Zabadani (2012)">1st Zabadani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Douma" title="Battle of Douma">Douma</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_clashes_(2011%E2%80%932014)" title="Deir ez-Zor clashes (2011–2014)">Deir ez-Zor (2011–2014)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hatla_massacre" title="Hatla massacre">Hatla</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Aleppo_Governorate_clashes" title="2012 Aleppo Governorate clashes">Aleppo Gov.</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Azaz_(2012)" title="Battle of Azaz (2012)">Azaz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rastan_(January%E2%80%93February_2012)" title="Battle of Rastan (January–February 2012)">2nd Rastan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Qusayr_(2012)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of al-Qusayr (2012)">1st al-Qusayr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2012_Idlib_Governorate_Operation" title="April 2012 Idlib Governorate Operation">2nd Idlib Gov.</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Taftanaz" title="Battle of Taftanaz">Taftanaz</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25em;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_cease-fire_period_and_start_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template:Campaignbox cease-fire period and start of the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_cease-fire_period_and_start_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template talk:Campaignbox cease-fire period and start of the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_cease-fire_period_and_start_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox cease-fire period and start of the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="UN_ceasefire;_Rebel_advances_(May_2012_–_Dec._2013)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Kofi_Annan_Syrian_peace_plan" title="Kofi Annan Syrian peace plan">UN ceasefire</a>; <a href="/wiki/2012%E2%80%932013_escalation_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="2012–2013 escalation of the Syrian civil war">Rebel advances</a> (May 2012 – Dec. 2013)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rastan_(May_2012)" title="Battle of Rastan (May 2012)">3rd Rastan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houla_massacre" title="Houla massacre">Houla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Northern_Homs" title="Siege of Northern Homs">Northern Homs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Haffah" title="Battle of al-Haffah">Al-Haffah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qubeir_massacre" title="Al-Qubeir massacre">Al-Qubeir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tremseh" title="Battle of Tremseh">Al-Tremseh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idlib_Governorate_clashes_(June_2012%E2%80%93April_2013)" class="mw-redirect" title="Idlib Governorate clashes (June 2012–April 2013)">3rd Idlib Gov.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Damascus_(2012)" title="Battle of Damascus (2012)">1st Damascus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/18_July_2012_Damascus_bombing" title="18 July 2012 Damascus bombing">Bombing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aleppo_(2012%E2%80%932016)" title="Battle of Aleppo (2012–2016)">Aleppo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Anadan" title="Battle of Anadan">Anadan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Menagh_Air_Base" title="Siege of Menagh Air Base">Menagh Air Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Base_46" title="Siege of Base 46">Base 46</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khan_al-Assal_massacre" title="Khan al-Assal massacre">Khan al-Assal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(October%E2%80%93December_2013)" title="Aleppo offensive (October–December 2013)">1st Aleppo offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Canopus_Star" title="Operation Canopus Star">2nd Aleppo offensive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rojava_conflict" title="Rojava conflict">Syrian Kurdistan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rojava%E2%80%93Islamist_conflict" title="Rojava–Islamist conflict">Kurdish–Islamist conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hasakah_Governorate_campaign_(2012%E2%80%932014)" title="Al-Hasakah Governorate campaign (2012–2014)">Hasaka campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ras_al-Ayn_(2012%E2%80%9313)" title="Battle of Ras al-Ayn (2012–13)">Ras al-Ayn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Yaarubiyah" title="Battle of al-Yaarubiyah">al-Yaarubiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tell_Hamis_and_Tell_Brak_(2013%E2%80%932014)" title="Battle of Tell Hamis and Tell Brak (2013–2014)">Tell Hamis and Tell Brak</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tell_Abyad_(2013)" title="Battle of Tell Abyad (2013)">Tell Abyad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Nubl_and_al-Zahraa" title="Siege of Nubl and al-Zahraa">Nubl & Al-Zahraa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(August%E2%80%93October_2012)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (August–October 2012)">2nd Rif Dimashq</a> (<a href="/wiki/Darayya_massacre" title="Darayya massacre">1st Darayya</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Abu_al-Duhur_Airbase" title="Siege of Abu al-Duhur Airbase">Abu al-Duhur Airbase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quneitra_Governorate_clashes_(2012%E2%80%932014)" title="Quneitra Governorate clashes (2012–2014)">Quneitra Gov.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(November_2012%E2%80%93February_2013)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (November 2012–February 2013)">3rd Rif Dimashq</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Yarmouk_Camp_(December_2012)" title="Battle of Yarmouk Camp (December 2012)">1st Yarmouk camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Darayya_(November_2012%E2%80%93February_2013)" title="Battle of Darayya (November 2012–February 2013)">2nd Darayya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Darayya_and_Muadamiyat" title="Siege of Darayya and Muadamiyat">Darayya & Muadamiyat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aqrab_massacre" title="Aqrab massacre">Aqrab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Hama_offensive" title="2012 Hama offensive">1st Hama offensive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Halfaya_massacre_(2012)" title="Halfaya massacre (2012)">Halfaya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Safira" title="Battle of Safira">1st Safira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shaddadi_(2013)" title="Battle of Shaddadi (2013)">Shadadeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damascus_offensive_(2013)" title="Damascus offensive (2013)">2nd Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raqqa_campaign_(2012%E2%80%932013)" title="Raqqa campaign (2012–2013)">1st Raqqa campaign</a> (<a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Raqqa_(2013)" title="Battle of Raqqa (2013)">1st Raqqa</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Daraa_offensive" title="2013 Daraa offensive">1st Daraa offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(March%E2%80%93August_2013)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (March–August 2013)">4th Rif Dimashq</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jdaidet_al-Fadl" title="Battle of Jdaidet al-Fadl">Jdaidet al-Fadl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tadamon_massacre" title="Tadamon massacre">Tadamon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghouta_chemical_attack" title="Ghouta chemical attack">Ghouta</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qusayr_offensive" title="Al-Qusayr offensive">Al-Qusayr offensive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Qusayr_(2013)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of al-Qusayr (2013)">2nd al-Qusayr</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Eastern_Ghouta" title="Siege of Eastern Ghouta">Eastern Ghouta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Hama_offensive" title="2013 Hama offensive">2nd Hama offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayda_and_Baniyas_massacres" title="Bayda and Baniyas massacres">Bayda and Baniyas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Latakia_offensive" title="2013 Latakia offensive">1st Latakia offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maaloula" title="Battle of Maaloula">Ma'loula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sadad" title="Battle of Sadad">Sadad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(September%E2%80%93November_2013)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (September–November 2013)">5th Rif Dimashq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Qalamoun_(2013%E2%80%932014)" title="Battle of Qalamoun (2013–2014)">1st Qalamoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adra_massacre" title="Adra massacre">Adra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25em;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_rise_of_the_Islamists_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template:Campaignbox rise of the Islamists in the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_rise_of_the_Islamists_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template talk:Campaignbox rise of the Islamists in the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_rise_of_the_Islamists_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox rise of the Islamists in the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rise_of_ISIS_in_2014" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Inter-rebel_conflict_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Inter-rebel conflict during the Syrian civil war">Rise of ISIS</a> in <a href="/wiki/2014_in_Syria" title="2014 in Syria">2014</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inter-rebel_conflict_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Inter-rebel conflict during the Syrian civil war">Inter-rebel conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Aleppo_offensive_(February%E2%80%93July_2014)" title="Northern Aleppo offensive (February–July 2014)">Northern Aleppo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Markada" title="Battle of Markada">Markada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(April%E2%80%93July_2014)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (April–July 2014)">1st Deir ez-Zor offensive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Otaiba_ambush" title="Al-Otaiba ambush">al-Otaiba ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maan_massacre" title="Maan massacre">Maan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hosn" title="Battle of Hosn">Hosn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Morek" title="Battle of Morek">Morek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daraa_offensive_(February%E2%80%93May_2014)" title="Daraa offensive (February–May 2014)">2nd Daraa offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Latakia_offensive" title="2014 Latakia offensive">2nd Latakia offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Idlib_offensive" title="2014 Idlib offensive">4th Idlib Gov.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Al-Malihah" title="Battle of Al-Malihah">Al-Malihah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Wadi_Deif_(2014)" title="Siege of Wadi Deif (2014)">2nd Wadi Deif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalamoun_offensive_(2014)" title="Qalamoun offensive (2014)">2nd Qalamoun</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arsal_(2014)" title="Battle of Arsal (2014)">Arsal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Deir_ez-Zor_(2014%E2%80%932017)" title="Siege of Deir ez-Zor (2014–2017)">Deir ez-Zor (2014–2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Shaer_gas_field_(July_2014)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of the Shaer gas field (July 2014)">1st Shaer gas field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Eastern_Syria_offensive" title="2014 Eastern Syria offensive">1st Eastern Syria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tabqa_Airbase" title="Battle of Tabqa Airbase">Tabqa Airbase</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Hama_offensive" title="2014 Hama offensive">3rd Hama offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(August%E2%80%93November_2014)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (August–November 2014)">6th Rif Dimashq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Quneitra_offensive" title="2014 Quneitra offensive">1st Quneitra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Koban%C3%AE" title="Siege of Kobanî">Kobanî</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25em;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_intervention_against_ISIL_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template:Campaignbox intervention against ISIL in the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_intervention_against_ISIL_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template talk:Campaignbox intervention against ISIL in the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_intervention_against_ISIL_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox intervention against ISIL in the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="U.S.-led_intervention,_Rebel_and_ISIL_advances_(Sept._2014_–_Sept._2015)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/American-led_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="American-led intervention in the Syrian civil war">U.S.-led intervention</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_offensive_(April%E2%80%93June_2015)" title="Northwestern Syria offensive (April–June 2015)">Rebel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(May_2015)" title="Palmyra offensive (May 2015)">ISIL advances</a> (Sept. 2014 – Sept. 2015)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American-led_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="American-led intervention in the Syrian civil war">U.S.-led intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homs_school_bombing" title="Homs school bombing">Homs school bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daraa_offensive_(October_2014)" title="Daraa offensive (October 2014)">3rd Daraa offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Al-Safira_offensive" title="2014 Al-Safira offensive">2nd Safira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_raid_on_Idlib_city" title="2014 raid on Idlib city">2014 Idlib city raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Nusra_Front%E2%80%93SRF/Hazzm_Movement_conflict" title="Al-Nusra Front–SRF/Hazzm Movement conflict">Nusra–FSA conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Shaer_gas_field_(October%E2%80%93November_2014)" title="Battle of the Shaer gas field (October–November 2014)">2nd Shaer gas field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Al-Shaykh_Maskin_(2014)" title="Battle of Al-Shaykh Maskin (2014)">1st Al-Shaykh Maskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(December_2014)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (December 2014)">2nd Deir ez-Zor offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Rainbow_(Syrian_civil_war)" title="Operation Rainbow (Syrian civil war)">3rd Aleppo offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Syrian_Air_Force_An-26_crash" title="2015 Syrian Air Force An-26 crash">An-26 crash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daraa_offensive_(January_2015)" title="Daraa offensive (January 2015)">4th Daraa offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Southern_Syria_offensive" title="2015 Southern Syria offensive">Southern Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_al-Hasakah_offensive" title="Eastern al-Hasakah offensive">Eastern al-Hasakah offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sarrin_(March%E2%80%93April_2015)" title="Battle of Sarrin (March–April 2015)">1st Sarrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hama_and_Homs_offensive_(March%E2%80%93April_2015)" title="Hama and Homs offensive (March–April 2015)">Hama/Homs offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bosra_(2015)" title="Battle of Bosra (2015)">Bosra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Idlib_offensive" title="2015 Idlib offensive">5th Idlib Gov</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Idlib_(2015)" title="Battle of Idlib (2015)">2nd Idlib city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_al-Fu%27ah_and_Kafriya" title="Siege of al-Fu'ah and Kafriya">Al-Fu'ah-Kafriya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nasib_Border_Crossing" title="Battle of Nasib Border Crossing">Nasib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Yarmouk_Camp_(2015)" title="Battle of Yarmouk Camp (2015)">2nd Yarmouk camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_offensive_(April%E2%80%93June_2015)" title="Northwestern Syria offensive (April–June 2015)">1st Northwestern Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalamoun_offensive_(May%E2%80%93June_2015)" title="Qalamoun offensive (May–June 2015)">3rd Qalamoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(May_2015)" title="Palmyra offensive (May 2015)">1st Palmyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_al-Hasakah_offensive" title="Western al-Hasakah offensive">Western al-Hasakah offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hasakah_city_offensive" title="Al-Hasakah city offensive">1st Al-Hasakah city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Abyad_offensive" title="Tell Abyad offensive">Tell Abyad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daraa_and_As-Suwayda_offensive_(June_2015)" title="Daraa and As-Suwayda offensive (June 2015)">Daraa/As-Suwayda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quneitra_offensive_(June_2015)" title="Quneitra offensive (June 2015)">2nd Quneitra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sarrin_(June%E2%80%93July_2015)" title="Battle of Sarrin (June–July 2015)">2nd Sarrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daraa_offensive_(June%E2%80%93July_2015)" title="Daraa offensive (June–July 2015)">5th Daraa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Hasakah_(2015)" title="Battle of al-Hasakah (2015)">2nd Al-Hasakah city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koban%C3%AE_massacre" title="Kobanî massacre">2nd Kobanî</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(July_2015)" title="Aleppo offensive (July 2015)">4th Aleppo offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zabadani_(2015)" title="Battle of Zabadani (2015)">2nd Zabadani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(July%E2%80%93August_2015)" title="Palmyra offensive (July–August 2015)">2nd Palmyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ghab_offensive_(July%E2%80%93August_2015)" title="Al-Ghab offensive (July–August 2015)">Al-Ghab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Qaryatayn_(2015)" title="Battle of al-Qaryatayn (2015)">1st al-Qaryatayn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douma_massacre_(2015)" title="Douma massacre (2015)">Douma market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(September_2015)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (September 2015)">7th Rif Dimashq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuweires_offensive" title="Kuweires offensive">Kuweires offensive</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25em;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Russian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template:Campaignbox Russian intervention in the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Russian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Russian intervention in the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Russian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Russian intervention in the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Russian_intervention_(Sept._2015_–_March_2016)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Russian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Russian intervention in the Syrian civil war">Russian intervention</a> (Sept. 2015 – March 2016)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Russian intervention in the Syrian civil war">Russian intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quneitra_offensive_(October_2015)" title="Quneitra offensive (October 2015)">3rd Quneitra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_offensive_(October%E2%80%93November_2015)" title="Northwestern Syria offensive (October–November 2015)">2nd Northwestern Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015%E2%80%932016_Latakia_offensive" title="2015–2016 Latakia offensive">3rd Latakia offensive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2015_Russian_Sukhoi_Su-24_shootdown" title="2015 Russian Sukhoi Su-24 shootdown">Su-24 shootdown</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(October%E2%80%93December_2015)" title="Aleppo offensive (October–December 2015)">5th Aleppo offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_al-Hawl_offensive" title="2015 al-Hawl offensive">al-Hawl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homs_offensive_(November%E2%80%93December_2015)" title="Homs offensive (November–December 2015)">Homs offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Aleppo_offensive_(2015%E2%80%932016)" title="East Aleppo offensive (2015–2016)">6th Aleppo offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Hama_offensive" title="2015 Hama offensive">4th Hama offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Tamer_bombings" title="Tell Tamer bombings">Tell Tamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tishrin_Dam_offensive" title="Tishrin Dam offensive">Tishrin Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Al-Shaykh_Maskin_(2015%E2%80%932016)" title="Battle of Al-Shaykh Maskin (2015–2016)">2nd Al-Shaykh Maskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Qamishli_bombings" title="2015 Qamishli bombings">al-Qamishli bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orontes_River_offensive" title="Orontes River offensive">Orontes River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(2016)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (2016)">3rd Deir ez-Zor offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Sayyidah_Zaynab_attacks" title="2016 Sayyidah Zaynab attacks">1st Sayyidah Zaynab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Aleppo_offensive_(February_2016)" title="Northern Aleppo offensive (February 2016)">7th Aleppo offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ithriyah-Raqqa_offensive_(February%E2%80%93March_2016)" title="Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (February–March 2016)">1st Ithriyah-Raqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shaddadi_offensive_(2016)" title="Al-Shaddadi offensive (2016)">Al-Shaddadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2016_Homs_bombings" title="February 2016 Homs bombings">Homs bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Sayyidah_Zaynab_attacks" title="2016 Sayyidah Zaynab attacks">2nd Sayyidah Zaynab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Khanasir_offensive" title="2016 Khanasir offensive">Khanasir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tell_Abyad_(2016)" title="Battle of Tell Abyad (2016)">2nd Tel Abyad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Tanf_offensive_(2016)" title="Al-Tanf offensive (2016)">Al-Tanf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Qaryatayn_(2016)" title="Battle of al-Qaryatayn (2016)">2nd Al-Qaryatayn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(March_2016)" title="Palmyra offensive (March 2016)">3rd Palmyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maarat_al-Numan_(2016)" title="Battle of Maarat al-Numan (2016)">2nd Maarat al-Nu'man</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25em;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Aleppo_escalation_period_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template:Campaignbox Aleppo escalation period in the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Aleppo_escalation_period_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Aleppo escalation period in the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Aleppo_escalation_period_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Aleppo escalation period in the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Aleppo_escalation_and_Euphrates_Shield_(March_2016_–_February_2017)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aleppo_(2012%E2%80%932016)" title="Battle of Aleppo (2012–2016)">Aleppo escalation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Operation_Euphrates_Shield" title="Operation Euphrates Shield">Euphrates Shield</a> (March 2016 – February 2017)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Aleppo_offensive_(March%E2%80%93June_2016)" title="Northern Aleppo offensive (March–June 2016)">8th Aleppo offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daraa_offensive_(March%E2%80%93April_2016)" title="Daraa offensive (March–April 2016)">6th Daraa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Southern_Aleppo_campaign" title="2016 Southern Aleppo campaign">9th–11th Aleppo offensives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Dumayr_offensive_(April_2016)" title="Al-Dumayr offensive (April 2016)">Al-Dumayr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Ghouta_inter-rebel_conflict_(April%E2%80%93May_2016)" title="East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict (April–May 2016)">1st East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Qamishli_(2016)" title="Battle of Qamishli (2016)">1st Qamishli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_bombings_(April%E2%80%93July_2016)" title="Aleppo bombings (April–July 2016)">Aleppo bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(April%E2%80%93May_2016)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (April–May 2016)">8th Rif Dimashq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Shaer_gas_field_(2016)" title="Battle of the Shaer gas field (2016)">3rd Shaer gas field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Raqqa_offensive" title="Northern Raqqa offensive">Northern Raqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2016_Jableh_and_Tartus_bombings" title="May 2016 Jableh and Tartus bombings">Jableh & Tartus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manbij_offensive" title="Manbij offensive">Manbij</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tokhar_airstrike" title="Tokhar airstrike">Tokhar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ithriyah-Raqqa_offensive_(June_2016)" title="Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (June 2016)">2nd Ithriyah-Raqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(June%E2%80%93October_2016)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (June–October 2016)">9th Rif Dimashq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Aleppo_summer_campaign" title="2016 Aleppo summer campaign">12th–14th Aleppo offensives</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(June%E2%80%93July_2016)" title="Aleppo offensive (June–July 2016)">12th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(July%E2%80%93August_2016)" title="Aleppo offensive (July–August 2016)">13th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(August%E2%80%93September_2016)" title="Aleppo offensive (August–September 2016)">14th</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Latakia_offensive" title="2016 Latakia offensive">4th Latakia offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Abu_Kamal_offensive" title="2016 Abu Kamal offensive">1st Abu Kamal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2016_Qamishli_bombings" title="July 2016 Qamishli bombings">3rd Qamishli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Atmeh_attack" title="2016 Atmeh attack">Atmeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Rai_(August_2016)" title="Battle of al-Rai (August 2016)">al-Rai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Hasakah_(2016)" title="Battle of al-Hasakah (2016)">3rd Al-Hasakah City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Euphrates_Shield" title="Operation Euphrates Shield">Operation Euphrates Shield</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_al-Bab_offensive_(September_2016)" title="Northern al-Bab offensive (September 2016)">Northern al-Bab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Dabiq_offensive" title="2016 Dabiq offensive">Dabiq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Bab" title="Battle of al-Bab">al-Bab</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Hama_offensive" title="2016 Hama offensive">5th Hama offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_al-Bab_offensive_(September_2016)" title="Western al-Bab offensive (September 2016)">1st Western al-Bab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Qalamoun_offensive_(September%E2%80%93October_2016)" title="Eastern Qalamoun offensive (September–October 2016)">1st Eastern Qalamoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5_September_2016_Syria_bombings" title="5 September 2016 Syria bombings">September bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quneitra_offensive_(September_2016)" title="Quneitra offensive (September 2016)">4th Quneitra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2016_Deir_ez-Zor_air_raid" title="September 2016 Deir ez-Zor air raid">Deir ez-Zor airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2016_Urum_al-Kubra_aid_convoy_attack" title="September 2016 Urum al-Kubra aid convoy attack">Aleppo aid convoy attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(September%E2%80%93October_2016)" title="Aleppo offensive (September–October 2016)">15th Aleppo offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khan_al-Shih_offensive_(October%E2%80%93November_2016)" title="Khan al-Shih offensive (October–November 2016)">Khan al-Shih</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2016_Idlib_Governorate_clashes" title="October 2016 Idlib Governorate clashes">1st Idlib inter-rebel conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_al-Bab_offensive_(October%E2%80%93November_2016)" title="Western al-Bab offensive (October–November 2016)">2nd Western al-Bab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(October%E2%80%93November_2016)" title="Aleppo offensive (October–November 2016)">16th Aleppo offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raqqa_campaign_(2016%E2%80%932017)" title="Raqqa campaign (2016–2017)">2nd Raqqa campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(November%E2%80%93December_2016)" title="Aleppo offensive (November–December 2016)">17th Aleppo offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(December_2016)" title="Palmyra offensive (December 2016)">4th Palmyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadi_Barada_offensive_(2016%E2%80%932017)" title="Wadi Barada offensive (2016–2017)">Wadi Barada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Desert_campaign_(December_2016%E2%80%93April_2017)" title="Syrian Desert campaign (December 2016–April 2017)">1st Syrian Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2017_Azaz_bombing" title="January 2017 Azaz bombing">Azaz bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(2017)" title="Palmyra offensive (2017)">5th Palmyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(January%E2%80%93February_2017)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (January–February 2017)">4th Deir ez-Zor offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Aleppo_offensive_(2017)" title="East Aleppo offensive (2017)">18th Aleppo offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idlib_Governorate_clashes_(January%E2%80%93March_2017)" title="Idlib Governorate clashes (January–March 2017)">2nd Idlib inter-rebel conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daraa_offensive_(February%E2%80%93June_2017)" title="Daraa offensive (February–June 2017)">7th Daraa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qaboun_offensive_(2017)" title="Qaboun offensive (2017)">Qaboun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Daraa_offensive_(February_2017)" title="Southwestern Daraa offensive (February 2017)">8th Daraa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25em;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Collapse_of_Islamic_State_in_Syria" title="Template:Campaignbox Collapse of Islamic State in Syria"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Collapse_of_Islamic_State_in_Syria" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Collapse of Islamic State in Syria"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Collapse_of_Islamic_State_in_Syria" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Collapse of Islamic State in Syria"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Collapse_of_ISIS_in_Syria_(2017)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Collapse of <a href="/wiki/ISIS" class="mw-redirect" title="ISIS">ISIS</a> in Syria (<a href="/wiki/2017_in_Syria" title="2017 in Syria">2017</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Homs_offensive_(2017)" title="Eastern Homs offensive (2017)">Eastern Homs offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_al-Jinah_airstrike" title="2017 al-Jinah airstrike">al-Jina mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hama_offensive_(March%E2%80%93April_2017)" title="Hama offensive (March–April 2017)">6th Hama offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tabqa" title="Battle of Tabqa">Tabqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khan_Shaykhun_chemical_attack" title="Khan Shaykhun chemical attack">Khan Shaykhun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Shayrat_missile_strike" title="2017 Shayrat missile strike">US Shayrat strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Aleppo_suicide_car_bombing" title="2017 Aleppo suicide car bombing">Aleppo bus bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2017_Turkish_airstrikes_in_Syria_and_Iraq" title="April 2017 Turkish airstrikes in Syria and Iraq">April 2017 Turkish airstrikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Ghouta_inter-rebel_conflict_(April%E2%80%93May_2017)" title="East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict (April–May 2017)">2nd East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Desert_campaign_(May%E2%80%93July_2017)" title="Syrian Desert campaign (May–July 2017)">2nd Syrian Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maskanah_Plains_offensive" title="Maskanah Plains offensive">Maskanah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Hama_offensive_(2017)" title="East Hama offensive (2017)">East Hama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Raqqa_(2017)" title="Battle of Raqqa (2017)">2nd Raqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daraa_offensive_(June_2017)" title="Daraa offensive (June 2017)">9th Daraa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Southern_Raqqa_offensive" title="2017 Southern Raqqa offensive">Southern Raqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Laylat_al-Qadr" title="Operation Laylat al-Qadr">Iranian Deir ez-Zor strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ja%27Din_shootdown_incident" title="Ja'Din shootdown incident">Ja'din</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Jobar_offensive" title="2017 Jobar offensive">Jobar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quneitra_offensive_(June_2017)" title="Quneitra offensive (June 2017)">5th Quneitra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Syria_campaign" title="Central Syria campaign">Central Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idlib_Governorate_clashes_(July_2017)" title="Idlib Governorate clashes (July 2017)">3rd Idlib inter-rebel conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalamoun_offensive_(2017)" title="Qalamoun offensive (2017)">4th Qalamoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_campaign_(2017%E2%80%932019)" title="Deir ez-Zor campaign (2017–2019)">Deir ez-Zor (2017–2019)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Syria_campaign_(September%E2%80%93December_2017)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Syria campaign (September–December 2017)">2nd Eastern Syria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(September%E2%80%93November_2017)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (September–November 2017)">Deir ez-Zor city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphrates_Crossing_offensive_(2017)" title="Euphrates Crossing offensive (2017)">Euphrates Crossing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Mayadin_offensive" title="2017 Mayadin offensive">Mayadin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Abu_Kamal_offensive" title="2017 Abu Kamal offensive">2nd Abu Kamal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hama_offensive_(September_2017)" title="Hama offensive (September 2017)">7th Hama offensive</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25em;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Idlib_escalation_period_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template:Campaignbox Idlib escalation period in the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Idlib_escalation_period_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Idlib escalation period in the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Idlib_escalation_period_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Idlib escalation period in the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rebels_in_retreat_and_Operation_Olive_Branch(Nov._2017_–_Sep._2018)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Rebels in retreat and <a href="/wiki/Operation_Olive_Branch" title="Operation Olive Branch">Operation Olive Branch</a> (Nov. 2017 – Sep. 2018)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_campaign_(October_2017%E2%80%93February_2018)" title="Northwestern Syria campaign (October 2017–February 2018)">3rd Northwestern Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Syria_insurgency" title="Eastern Syria insurgency">Eastern Syria insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atarib_market_massacre" title="Atarib market massacre">Atarib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Harasta_(2017%E2%80%932018)" title="Battle of Harasta (2017–2018)">Harasta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Jinn_offensive" title="Beit Jinn offensive">Beit Jinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Desert_campaign_(December_2017%E2%80%93present)" title="Syrian Desert campaign (December 2017–present)">3rd Syrian Desert</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(2018)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (2018)">5th Deir ez-Zor offensive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Damascus_offensive_(January%E2%80%93February_2018)" title="Southern Damascus offensive (January–February 2018)">1st Southern Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Olive_Branch" title="Operation Olive Branch">Olive Branch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afrin_offensive_(January%E2%80%93March_2018)" title="Afrin offensive (January–March 2018)">Afrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SDF_insurgency_in_Northern_Aleppo" class="mw-redirect" title="SDF insurgency in Northern Aleppo">SDF insurgency</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Khasham" title="Battle of Khasham">Khasham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2018_Israel%E2%80%93Syria_incident" title="February 2018 Israel–Syria incident">Feb 2018 Israel–Syria incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(February%E2%80%93April_2018)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (February–April 2018)">10th Rif Dimashq</a> (<a href="/wiki/Douma_chemical_attack" title="Douma chemical attack">Douma</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Liberation_Front%E2%80%93Tahrir_al-Sham_conflict" title="Syrian Liberation Front–Tahrir al-Sham conflict">4th Idlib inter-rebel conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Damascus_offensive_(March_2018)" title="Southern Damascus offensive (March 2018)">2nd Southern Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2018_missile_strikes_against_Syria" title="April 2018 missile strikes against Syria">U.S.-led missile strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Homs_offensive_(April%E2%80%93May_2018)" title="Northern Homs offensive (April–May 2018)">Northern Homs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Qalamoun_offensive_(April_2018)" title="Eastern Qalamoun offensive (April 2018)">2nd Eastern Qalamoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Damascus_offensive_(April%E2%80%93May_2018)" title="Southern Damascus offensive (April–May 2018)">3rd Southern Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_Governorate_clashes" title="Deir ez-Zor Governorate clashes">Deir ez-Zor SAA-SDF clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_House_of_Cards" title="Operation House of Cards">House of Cards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/As-Suwayda_offensive_(June_2018)" title="As-Suwayda offensive (June 2018)">1st As-Suwayda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Southern_Syria_offensive" title="2018 Southern Syria offensive">2nd Southern Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_As-Suwayda_attacks" title="2018 As-Suwayda attacks">2nd As-Suwayda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/As-Suwayda_offensive_(August%E2%80%93November_2018)" title="As-Suwayda offensive (August–November 2018)">3rd As-Suwayda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qamishli_clashes_(2018)" title="Qamishli clashes (2018)">2nd Qamishli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25em;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Idlib_demilitarization_and_frozen_conflict" title="Template:Campaignbox Idlib demilitarization and frozen conflict"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Idlib_demilitarization_and_frozen_conflict" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Idlib demilitarization and frozen conflict"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Idlib_demilitarization_and_frozen_conflict" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Idlib demilitarization and frozen conflict"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Idlib_demilitarization(Sep._2018_–_April_2019)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Idlib_demilitarization_(2018%E2%80%932019)" title="Idlib demilitarization (2018–2019)">Idlib demilitarization</a> (Sep. 2018 – April 2019)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Idlib_demilitarization_(2018%E2%80%932019)" title="Idlib demilitarization (2018–2019)">Idlib demilitarization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Front_for_Liberation%E2%80%93Tahrir_al-Sham_conflict" title="National Front for Liberation–Tahrir al-Sham conflict">5th Idlib inter-rebel conflict</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria_missile_strikes_(September_2018)" title="Syria missile strikes (September 2018)">Sep. 2018 missile strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahvaz_military_parade_attack#Retaliatory_missile_and_drone_strikes" title="Ahvaz military parade attack">Iranian Eastern Euphrates strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Syrian-Turkish_border_clashes" class="mw-redirect" title="2018 Syrian-Turkish border clashes">Northern border clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daraa_insurgency" title="Daraa insurgency">Daraa insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Manbij_bombing" title="2019 Manbij bombing">Manbij bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baghuz_Fawqani" title="Battle of Baghuz Fawqani">Baghuz Fawqani</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019_U.S._airstrike_in_Baghuz" title="2019 U.S. airstrike in Baghuz">U.S. airstrike</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25em;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Failure_of_the_demilitarization_and_renewed_fighting" title="Template:Campaignbox Failure of the demilitarization and renewed fighting"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Failure_of_the_demilitarization_and_renewed_fighting" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Failure of the demilitarization and renewed fighting"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Failure_of_the_demilitarization_and_renewed_fighting" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Failure of the demilitarization and renewed fighting"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="First_Idlib_offensive,_Operation_Peace_Spring,_&amp;_Second_Idlib_offensive_(April_2019_–_March_2020)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_offensive_(April%E2%80%93August_2019)" title="Northwestern Syria offensive (April–August 2019)">First Idlib offensive</a>, <a href="/wiki/2019_Turkish_offensive_into_north-eastern_Syria" title="2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria">Operation Peace Spring</a>, & <a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_offensive_(December_2019%E2%80%93March_2020)" title="Northwestern Syria offensive (December 2019–March 2020)">Second Idlib offensive</a> (April 2019 – March 2020)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_offensive_(April%E2%80%93August_2019)" title="Northwestern Syria offensive (April–August 2019)">4th Northwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Tell_Rifaat_clashes" title="2019 Tell Rifaat clashes">Tell Rifaat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2019_Syria_bombings" title="June 2019 Syria bombings">Raqqa & Azaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hass_refugee_camp_bombing" title="Hass refugee camp bombing">Hass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria_missile_strikes_(August_2019)" title="Syria missile strikes (August 2019)">2nd Israeli missile strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Turkish_offensive_into_north-eastern_Syria" title="2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria">Peace Spring</a> (<a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ras_al-Ayn_(2019)" title="Battle of Ras al-Ayn (2019)">2nd Ras al-Ayn</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Death of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Kayla Mueller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2019_Syria_bombings" title="November 2019 Syria bombings">Northern bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2019_Israeli_missile_strikes_in_Syria" title="November 2019 Israeli missile strikes in Syria">3rd Israeli missile strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qah_missile_strike" title="Qah missile strike">Qah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_offensive_(December_2019%E2%80%93March_2020)" title="Northwestern Syria offensive (December 2019–March 2020)">5th Northwestern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Balyun_airstrikes" title="2020 Balyun airstrikes">Balyun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Spring_Shield" title="Operation Spring Shield">Spring Shield</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2019_United_States_airstrikes_in_Iraq_and_Syria" title="December 2019 United States airstrikes in Iraq and Syria">2nd U.S. missile strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2020_Daraa_clashes" title="March 2020 Daraa clashes">10th Daraa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25em;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Idlib_ceasefire" title="Template:Campaignbox Idlib ceasefire"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Idlib_ceasefire" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Idlib ceasefire"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Idlib_ceasefire" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Idlib ceasefire"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Idlib_ceasefire_(March_2020_–_present)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Idlib ceasefire (March 2020 – present)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Idlib_Governorate_clashes_(June_2020)" title="Idlib Governorate clashes (June 2020)">6th Idlib inter-rebel conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_Ayn_Issa_clashes" title="2020–2021 Ayn Issa clashes">Ayn Issa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Qamishli_and_Al-Hasakah" title="Siege of Qamishli and Al-Hasakah">Qamishli & Al-Hasakah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria_missile_strikes_(January_2021)" title="Syria missile strikes (January 2021)">4th Israeli missile strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Qamishli_(2021)" title="Battle of Qamishli (2021)">3rd Qamishli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Daraa_offensive" title="2021 Daraa offensive">11th Daraa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahrir_al-Sham%E2%80%93Junud_al-Sham_conflict" title="Tahrir al-Sham–Junud al-Sham conflict">7th Idlib inter-rebel conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Hasakah_(2022)" title="Battle of al-Hasakah (2022)">3rd Al-Hasakah city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Ahrar_al-Sham%E2%80%93Levant_Front_clashes" title="2022 Ahrar al-Sham–Levant Front clashes">1st Aleppo inter-rebel conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Jabal_al-Bishr%C4%AB_clashes" title="2022 Jabal al-Bishrī clashes">Jabal al-Bishrī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Aleppo_clashes_(October_2022)" title="Northern Aleppo clashes (October 2022)">2nd Aleppo inter-rebel conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Claw-Sword" title="Operation Claw-Sword">Claw-Sword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_clashes_(December_2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Northwestern Syria clashes (December 2022–present)">Northwestern clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2023_northeastern_Syria_clashes" title="March 2023 northeastern Syria clashes">3rd U.S. missile strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2023_Northeastern_Syria_clashes" title="June 2023 Northeastern Syria clashes">2nd Northern clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_clashes_(2023)" title="Deir ez-Zor clashes (2023)">Deir ez-Zor (2023)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2023_Northern_Syria_clashes" title="October 2023 Northern Syria clashes">3rd Northern clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Homs_drone_strike" title="2023 Homs drone strike">Homs drone strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel-Hezbollah_conflict_(2023%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel-Hezbollah conflict (2023–present)">Israel–Hezbollah conflict</a> (<a href="/wiki/Iranian_consulate_airstrike_in_Damascus" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian consulate airstrike in Damascus">Iranian consulate airstrike</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2024_United_States_airstrikes_in_Iraq_and_Syria" title="February 2024 United States airstrikes in Iraq and Syria">February 2024 airstrikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_anti-Turkish_riots_in_Syria" title="2024 anti-Turkish riots in Syria">Anti-Turkish riots</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25em;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Spillover_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template:Campaignbox Spillover of the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Spillover_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Spillover of the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Spillover_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Spillover of the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Syrian_War_spillover_and_international_incidents" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Spillover_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Spillover of the Syrian civil war">Syrian War spillover and international incidents</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war_spillover_in_Lebanon" title="Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon">Lebanon spillover</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon%E2%80%93Syria_border_clashes" title="Lebanon–Syria border clashes">Lebanese–Syrian border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Sidon_clash" title="2013 Sidon clash">Sidon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Iranian_embassy_bombing_in_Beirut" title="2013 Iranian embassy bombing in Beirut">Iranian embassy bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Lebanon_clashes_(2014)" title="North Lebanon clashes (2014)">North Lebanon clashes</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syrian%E2%80%93Turkish_border_clashes_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian–Turkish border clashes during the Syrian civil war">Syrian–Turkish border incidents</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_Turkish_F-4_Phantom_shootdown" title="2012 Turkish F-4 Phantom shootdown">Turkish F4 shootdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Reyhanl%C4%B1_car_bombings" title="2013 Reyhanlı car bombings">Reyhanlı bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_occupation_of_northern_Syria" title="Turkish occupation of northern Syria">Turkish occupation of northern Syria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Koban%C3%AE_protests" title="2014 Kobanî protests">Kurdish riots</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian%E2%80%93Syrian_border_incidents_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Jordanian–Syrian border incidents during the Syrian civil war">Jordanian–Syrian border incidents</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Syrian_ceasefire_line_incidents_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Israeli–Syrian ceasefire line incidents during the Syrian civil war">Israeli–Syrian ceasefire line</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_2018_Israel%E2%80%93Syria_incident" title="February 2018 Israel–Syria incident">February 2018 incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_House_of_Cards" title="Operation House of Cards">May 2018 incident</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)" title="War in Iraq (2013–2017)">Iraqi–Syrian border incidents</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akashat_ambush" title="Akashat ambush">Akashat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_al-Shabah" title="Operation al-Shabah">al-Shabah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Nineveh_offensive_(2017)" title="Western Nineveh offensive (2017)">Western Nineveh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Western_Iraq_campaign" title="2017 Western Iraq campaign">Western Iraq</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li>Spillover in Iran <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2017_Tehran_attacks" title="2017 Tehran attacks">2017 Tehran attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Laylat_al-Qadr" title="Operation Laylat al-Qadr">2017 Deir ez-Zor missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Erbil_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 Erbil attack">2024 Iranian airstrikes in Syria</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkey%E2%80%93Islamic_State_conflict" title="Turkey–Islamic State conflict">Spillover in Turkey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2015_Russian_Sukhoi_Su-24_shootdown" title="2015 Russian Sukhoi Su-24 shootdown">Russian Su-24 shootdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Andrei_Karlov" title="Assassination of Andrei Karlov">Andrei Karlov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Balyun_airstrikes" title="2020 Balyun airstrikes">Balyun airstrikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Kafr_Takharim_airstrike" title="2020 Kafr Takharim airstrike">Kafr Takharim airstrikes</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_proxy_conflict" title="Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict">Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict</a></li></ul> <hr /> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_terrorism_in_Europe" title="Islamic terrorism in Europe">Spillover in Europe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25em;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Foreign_involvement_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template:Campaignbox Foreign involvement in the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Foreign_involvement_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Foreign involvement in the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Foreign_involvement_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Foreign involvement in the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Foreign_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war">Foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">Foreign intervention on behalf of Syrian Arab Republic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Russian involvement in the Syrian civil war">Russian involvement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Iranian intervention in the Syrian civil war">Iranian intervention</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Laylat_al-Qadr" title="Operation Laylat al-Qadr">2017 missile strike</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezbollah_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Hezbollah involvement in the Syrian civil war">2012 Hezbollah involvement</a></li></ul> Foreign intervention in behalf of Syrian rebels <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_fighters_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Foreign fighters in the Syrian civil war">Foreign rebel fighters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Turkish involvement in the Syrian civil war">Turkish involvement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkey%E2%80%93Islamic_State_conflict" title="Turkey–Islamic State conflict">Turkey–Islamic State conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Suleyman_Shah#Events_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Tomb of Suleyman Shah">Tomb of Suleyman Shah relocation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Euphrates_Shield" title="Operation Euphrates Shield">Euphrates Shield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2017_Turkish_airstrikes_in_Syria_and_Iraq" title="April 2017 Turkish airstrikes in Syria and Iraq">2017 airstrikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_military_operation_in_Idlib_Governorate" title="Turkish military operation in Idlib Governorate">Idlib Governorate operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Olive_Branch" title="Operation Olive Branch">Afrin operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Turkish_offensive_into_north-eastern_Syria" title="2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria">2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%27s_role_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel's role in the Syrian civil war">Israel's role</a></li></ul> U.S.-led intervention against ISIL <ul><li><a href="/wiki/US_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="US intervention in the Syrian civil war">US intervention</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_US_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Timeline of US intervention in the Syrian civil war">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_attacks_on_Syria_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="List of United States attacks on Syria during the Syrian civil war">List of attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_American_rescue_mission_in_Syria" title="2014 American rescue mission in Syria">2014 rescue operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2015_U.S._special_forces_raid_in_Syria" title="May 2015 U.S. special forces raid in Syria">May 2015 raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Shayrat_missile_strike" title="2017 Shayrat missile strike">2017 missile strikes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatari_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Qatari involvement in the Syrian civil war">Qatari involvement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Jordanian intervention in the Syrian civil war">Jordanian intervention</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Martyr_Muath" title="Operation Martyr Muath">Operation Martyr Muath</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon%27s_role_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Lebanon's role in the Syrian civil war">Lebanon's role</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Saudi involvement in the Syrian civil war">Saudi involvement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_2018_missile_strikes_against_Syria" title="April 2018 missile strikes against Syria">April 2018 missile strikes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Dutch involvement in the Syrian civil war">Dutch involvement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_intervention_against_the_Islamic_State" title="German intervention against the Islamic State">German intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ration_Chammal" title="Opération Chammal">French intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Okra" title="Operation Okra">Australian intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Shader" title="Operation Shader">UK intervention</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> Many states began to intervene against the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">Islamic State</a>, in both the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a> and the <a href="/wiki/War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)" title="War in Iraq (2013–2017)">War in Iraq (2013–2017)</a>, in response to its rapid territorial gains from its <a href="/wiki/Northern_Iraq_offensive_(June_2014)" title="Northern Iraq offensive (June 2014)">2014 Northern Iraq offensives</a>, universally condemned <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_captives_by_ISIL" class="mw-redirect" title="Killing of captives by ISIL">executions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State#Human_rights_abuse_and_war_crime_findings" title="Islamic State">human rights abuses</a> and the fear of further <a href="/wiki/Spillover_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Spillover of the Syrian Civil War">spillovers of the Syrian Civil War</a>. These efforts are called the war against the Islamic State (ISIS), or the International military intervention against Islamic State (ISIS). In later years, there were also minor interventions by some states against IS-affiliated groups in <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a>. All these efforts significantly degraded the Islamic State's capabilities by around 2019–2020. While moderate fighting continues in Syria, as of 2024, ISIS has been contained to a manageably small area and force capability. In mid-June 2014, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, according to American and British information, started flying drones over <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>, and, according to <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>, Iranian soldiers were in Iraq fighting IS. Simultaneously, the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> ordered a small number of troops to Iraq and started flying crewed aircraft over Iraq. In July 2014, according to the <a href="/wiki/International_Institute_for_Strategic_Studies" title="International Institute for Strategic Studies">International Institute for Strategic Studies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> sent <a href="/wiki/Sukhoi_Su-25" title="Sukhoi Su-25">Sukhoi Su-25</a> aircraft to <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hezbollah" title="Hezbollah">Hezbollah</a> purportedly sent trainers and advisers to Iraq in order to help Shia <a href="/wiki/Popular_Mobilization_Forces" title="Popular Mobilization Forces">militias</a> to monitor ISIL's movements. In August 2014, the US and Iran separately began a campaign of airstrikes on ISIL targets in Iraq. Since then, fourteen countries in a <a href="/wiki/US-led_intervention_in_Iraq_(2014%E2%80%932021)" title="US-led intervention in Iraq (2014–2021)">US-led coalition</a> have also executed airstrikes on ISIL in Iraq and in <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>. Starting from September 2014, United States began closely co-operating with <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a> to wage a co-ordinated <a href="/wiki/Aerial_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="Aerial bombing">aerial bombing campaign</a> against IS targets across Iraq and Syria.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> In September 2015, <a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Syria%E2%80%93Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_coalition" title="Russia–Syria–Iran–Iraq coalition">Russian forces</a> launched their <a href="/wiki/Russian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Russian intervention in the Syrian civil war">military intervention in Syria</a> to support that country's ally <a href="/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad" title="Bashar al-Assad">Bashar al-Assad</a> in the fight against the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">Islamic State</a>. Although Moscow officially portrayed its intervention as an anti-IS campaign and publicly declared support for the "patriotic <a href="/wiki/Syrian_opposition" title="Syrian opposition">Syrian opposition</a>", the vast majority of its bombings were focused on destroying bases of the Syrian opposition militias of the <a href="/wiki/Free_Syrian_Army" title="Free Syrian Army">Free Syrian Army</a> (FSA) and <a href="/wiki/Southern_Front_(Syrian_rebel_group)" title="Southern Front (Syrian rebel group)">Southern Front</a>.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> On the other hand, United States and its Western allies have been opposed to the <a href="/wiki/Ba%27athist_regime" class="mw-redirect" title="Ba'athist regime">Ba'athist regime</a> for its purported <a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_Bashar_al-Assad#State-sponsorship_of_terrorism" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign policy of Bashar al-Assad">state-sponsorship of terrorism</a>, violent repression of <a href="/wiki/2011_Syrian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 Syrian Revolution">Syrian revolution</a> and extensive <a href="/wiki/Use_of_chemical_weapons_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Use of chemical weapons in the Syrian civil war">use of chemical weapons</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Combined_Joint_Task_Force_%E2%80%93_Operation_Inherent_Resolve" title="Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve">US-led coalition</a> trained, equipped and supported secular <a href="/wiki/Free_Syrian_Army" title="Free Syrian Army">Free Syrian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Democratic_Forces" title="Syrian Democratic Forces">Kurdish militias</a> opposed to the Assad government during its anti-IS campaign.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> In the months following the beginning of both air campaigns, ISIL began to lose ground in both <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> Civilian deaths from airstrikes began to mount in 2015 and 2016.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> In mid-2016, the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">US</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> planned to begin coordinating their airstrikes; however, this coordination did not materialize.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> As of December 2017, ISIL was estimated to control no territory in <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>, and 5% of Syrian territory, after prolonged actions.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> On 9 December 2017, Iraq declared victory in the fight against ISIL and stated that the <a href="/wiki/War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)" title="War in Iraq (2013–2017)">War in Iraq</a> was over.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> On 23 March 2019, ISIL was defeated territorially in <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> after losing the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baghuz_Fawqani" title="Battle of Baghuz Fawqani">Battle of Baghuz Fawqani</a>, after which the group was forced into an <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Syria_insurgency" title="Eastern Syria insurgency">insurgency</a>.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> ISIL's leader, <a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi</a>, died during a US <a href="/wiki/United_States_special_operations_forces" title="United States special operations forces">special operations</a> <a href="/wiki/Death_of_Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Death of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">raid</a> in northern Syria in October 2019<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> and was succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Abu_Ibrahim_al-Hashimi_al-Qurashi" title="Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi">Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi</a>. The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> estimated in August 2020 that over 10,000 ISIL fighters remained in <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>, mainly as <a href="/wiki/Sleeper_cell" class="mw-redirect" title="Sleeper cell">sleeper cells</a>.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_coalitions_against_the_Islamic_State">International coalitions against the Islamic State</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=War_against_the_Islamic_State&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: International coalitions against the Islamic State">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="US-led_coalitions">US-led coalitions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=War_against_the_Islamic_State&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: US-led coalitions">edit</a>]</div> On the margins of the <a href="/wiki/2014_Wales_summit" title="2014 Wales summit">4/5 September 2014 NATO summit in Wales</a>, on 5 September 2014, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Secretary_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Secretary of State">U.S. Secretary of State</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a> invited Ministers of <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, for a separate meeting<a href="#cite_note-nrc5Sep-121">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-nrc9Sep-122">[122]</a> in which he pressed them to support the fight against ISIL militarily and financially.<a href="#cite_note-TIME5Sep-123">[123]</a> Those nine countries agreed to do so by supporting anti-ISIL forces in <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> with supplies and air support, according to a statement that day from Kerry and <a href="/wiki/U.S._Secretary_of_Defense" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Secretary of Defense">U.S. Secretary of Defense</a> <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Hagel" title="Chuck Hagel">Hagel</a>.<a href="#cite_note-TIME5Sep-123">[123]</a> In September 2014, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Jordanian_Air_Force" title="Royal Jordanian Air Force">Jordanian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Saudi Air Force">Saudi Air Forces</a> began its co-ordination with <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> to wage a joint <a href="/wiki/Aerial_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="Aerial bombing">aerial bombing campaign</a> against IS bases in its <a href="/wiki/Territory_of_the_Islamic_State" title="Territory of the Islamic State">territories</a> across Iraq and Syria.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-hp1-125">[125]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Operation_Inherent_Resolve" title="Operation Inherent Resolve">Operation Inherent Resolve</a></div> On 17 October 2014, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">Department of Defense</a> formally established <a href="/wiki/Combined_Joint_Task_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Combined Joint Task Force">Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve</a> (CJTF-OIR)—"in order to formalize ongoing military actions against the rising threat posed by ISIS in <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>."<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> On 3 December 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/NATO_headquarters" title="NATO headquarters">NATO headquarters</a> in <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>, diplomats<a href="#cite_note-france24-4Dec-127">[127]</a> and foreign ministers<a href="#cite_note-eeas5Dec-128">[128]</a> from 59 countries gathered to plot a way forward against the threat of ISIL.<a href="#cite_note-france24-4Dec-127">[127]</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">U.S. Secretary of State</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a> told the gathering, that "defeating the ideology, the funding, the recruitment" of Daesh (ISIL) must be the primary focus of their discussion, more important than airstrikes and other military action.<a href="#cite_note-france24-4Dec-127">[127]</a> The countries represented on 3 December were: the nine countries of the above-mentioned 5 September coalition in <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a> (see above); the extra 18 countries of the 15 September <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>-led coalition in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> (see below) except for <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>; and 33 additional countries: <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia-Herzegovina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">Macedonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-USstate,3Dec-129">[129]</a> They styled themselves as the Global Coalition to Counter the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), and agreed to a strategy that included: <ul><li>exposing ISIL's true nature;</li> <li>cutting off ISIL's financing and funding;</li> <li>supporting military operations.<a href="#cite_note-USstate,3Dec-129">[129]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="France-led_coalition">France-led coalition</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=War_against_the_Islamic_State&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: France-led coalition">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ration_Chammal" title="Opération Chammal">Opération Chammal</a></div> On 15 September 2014, at the 'International Conference on Peace and Security in <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>' hosted by the <a href="/wiki/President_of_France" title="President of France">French President</a> <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hollande" title="François Hollande">François Hollande</a> in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, 26 countries were represented: the countries of a <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">US</a>-led coalition that on 5 September in <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a> (see above) had agreed on a coalition against ISIL except <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>, and furthermore <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, Iraq, <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FrDiplomatie-130">[130]</a> They committed themselves to supporting the Iraqi government with military assistance in its fight against ISIL, and they reaffirmed their commitment to <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">UNSC</a> Resolution 2170 of 15 August (condemning all trade with ISIL and urging to prevent all financial donations and all payments of ransoms to ISIL),<a href="#cite_note-unsc2170-131">[131]</a> so reported the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_France" title="Government of France">French government</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FrDiplomatie-130">[130]</a> In retaliation for the <a href="/wiki/November_2015_Paris_attacks" title="November 2015 Paris attacks">November 2015 Paris attacks</a>, the <a href="/wiki/French_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="French Air Force">French Air Force</a> significantly intensified airstrikes against ISIL targets in <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>, hitting among other targets the Syrian city of <a href="/wiki/Raqqa" title="Raqqa">Raqqa</a>, the de facto capital of ISIL. The <a href="/wiki/French_Navy" title="French Navy">French Navy</a> deployed the aircraft carrier <a href="/wiki/French_aircraft_carrier_Charles_de_Gaulle" title="French aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle">Charles de Gaulle</a> with eighteen <a href="/wiki/Dassault_Rafale" title="Dassault Rafale">Rafale</a>, eight <a href="/wiki/Dassault_Mirage_2000" title="Dassault Mirage 2000">Mirage 2000</a>, two <a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_E-2_Hawkeye" class="mw-redirect" title="Northrop Grumman E-2 Hawkeye">E-2 Hawkeye</a> and 4 helicopters. The aircraft carrier travelled with the <a href="/wiki/Frigate" title="Frigate">frigate</a> <a href="/wiki/French_frigate_Chevalier_Paul" title="French frigate Chevalier Paul">Chevalier Paul</a> and <a href="/wiki/HMS_Kent_(F78)" title="HMS Kent (F78)">HMS Kent</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russia-led_coalition">Russia-led coalition</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=War_against_the_Islamic_State&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Russia-led coalition">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Syria%E2%80%93Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_coalition" title="Russia–Syria–Iran–Iraq coalition">Russia–Syria–Iran–Iraq coalition</a></div> At the end of September 2015, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> set up a 'joint information center' in <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a> to gather, process and analyse intelligence regarding ISIL and operations near the Syria-Iraq border.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> On 30 September 2015, Russia began its <a href="/wiki/Russian_military_intervention_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian military intervention in the Syrian Civil War">air campaign</a> on the side and in support of the <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Syria" title="Politics of Syria">Syrian government</a>. <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> was also reported to have reached agreements on co-ordination of operations in <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> with <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> On 14 March 2016, <a href="/wiki/President_of_Russia" title="President of Russia">Russian President</a> <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> announced a partial withdrawal from Syrian territory, citing the success of the ongoing ceasefire and greater security of the <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Syria" title="Politics of Syria">Syrian government</a>.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> On 10 December 2017 <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> ordered a similar withdrawal of Russian forces from <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>, stating that a complete withdrawal would be dependent on the ongoing situation.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Muslim_states'_coalition">Muslim states' coalition</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=War_against_the_Islamic_State&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Muslim states' coalition">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Military_Alliance" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic Military Alliance">Islamic Military Alliance</a></div> On 14 December 2015, Saudi Deputy Crown Prince and Defense Minister <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Salman_Al_Saud" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammed bin Salman Al Saud">Mohammed bin Salman Al Saud</a> announced that 34 countries would join in the fight against <a href="/wiki/Islamic_extremism" title="Islamic extremism">Muslim extremism</a>, which he called a "disease." Based out of <a href="/wiki/Riyadh" title="Riyadh">Riyadh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>, the coalition includes <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Côte d'Ivoire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">Palestine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a>, Saudi Arabia, <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a>.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Syria">Syria</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=War_against_the_Islamic_State&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Syria">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="US-led_intervention_in_Syria">US-led intervention in Syria</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=War_against_the_Islamic_State&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: US-led intervention in Syria">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/American-led_intervention_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="American-led intervention in the Syrian Civil War">American-led intervention in the Syrian Civil War</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bradleys_in_Syria_2020.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Bradleys_in_Syria_2020.jpg/220px-Bradleys_in_Syria_2020.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Bradleys_in_Syria_2020.jpg/330px-Bradleys_in_Syria_2020.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Bradleys_in_Syria_2020.jpg/440px-Bradleys_in_Syria_2020.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6720" data-file-height="4480" /></a><figcaption>U.S. soldiers from 1st Battalion, <a href="/wiki/6th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="6th Infantry Regiment (United States)">6th Infantry Regiment</a> near an oil facility in eastern Syria, 27 October 2020</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hostage_rescue_attempt">Hostage rescue attempt</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=War_against_the_Islamic_State&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Hostage rescue attempt">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2014_American_rescue_mission_in_Syria" title="2014 American rescue mission in Syria">2014 American rescue mission in Syria</a></div> On 4 July 2014, the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">U.S</a>. bombed the "Osama bin Laden" ISIL military base in the village of Uqayrishah, <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>. Two dozen American <a href="/wiki/Delta_Force" title="Delta Force">Delta Force</a> operators then touched down in an effort to rescue hostages, including <a href="/wiki/James_Foley_(photojournalist)" class="mw-redirect" title="James Foley (photojournalist)">James Foley</a>. The effort failed, with the hostages having been moved to another location days prior.<a href="#cite_note-telegraph-138">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> In <a href="/wiki/ISIL_beheading_incidents" class="mw-redirect" title="ISIL beheading incidents">a series of videos</a>, Foley, <a href="/wiki/Steven_Joel_Sotloff" class="mw-redirect" title="Steven Joel Sotloff">Steven Joel Sotloff</a>, and several more hostages were murdered.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Aerial_surveillance">Aerial surveillance</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=War_against_the_Islamic_State&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Aerial surveillance">edit</a>]</div> On 26 August 2014, the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">U.S</a>. began sending <a href="/wiki/Aerial_reconnaissance" title="Aerial reconnaissance">surveillance flights</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehicle" title="Unmanned aerial vehicle">drones</a>, into <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> to gather intelligence. The Syrian Arab Republic was not asked for permission.<a href="#cite_note-abcsyria-144">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> On 28 August, speaking about combating ISIL in <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>, President Obama said "we don't have a strategy yet."<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">British Royal Air Force</a> has been operating over <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> in a surveillance role since 21 October 2014, making the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">UK</a> the first Western country other than the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> to operate in both <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> and Syria simultaneously.<a href="#cite_note-UKinSyria-147">[147]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Arming_and_training_rebels">Arming and training rebels</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=War_against_the_Islamic_State&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Arming and training rebels">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Train_and_Equip_Program" title="Syrian Train and Equip Program">Syrian Train and Equip Program</a> and <a href="/wiki/Timber_Sycamore" title="Timber Sycamore">Timber Sycamore</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Green_Berets_train_ATG_partner_force_trainers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Green_Berets_train_ATG_partner_force_trainers.jpg/220px-Green_Berets_train_ATG_partner_force_trainers.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Green_Berets_train_ATG_partner_force_trainers.jpg/330px-Green_Berets_train_ATG_partner_force_trainers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Green_Berets_train_ATG_partner_force_trainers.jpg/440px-Green_Berets_train_ATG_partner_force_trainers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6240" data-file-height="4160" /></a><figcaption>A U.S. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Special_Forces" title="United States Army Special Forces">Green Beret</a> demonstrates how to quickly fix a <a href="/wiki/Firearm_malfunction" title="Firearm malfunction">firearm malfunction</a> to <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Commando_Army" title="Revolutionary Commando Army">Revolutionary Commando Army</a> fighters at <a href="/wiki/Al-Tanf_(U.S._military_base)" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Tanf (U.S. military base)">al-Tanf garrison</a>, 13 March 2020</figcaption></figure> At the direction of President Obama, the <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">U.S. Central Intelligence Agency</a> played an active role since the early stages of the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian Civil War">Syrian Civil War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> The <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">U.S</a>. initially supplied the vetted militias of the <a href="/wiki/Free_Syrian_Army" title="Free Syrian Army">Free Syrian Army</a> with non-lethal aid but soon escalated to providing training, money, and intelligence to the rebel commanders.<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a><a href="#cite_note-frontline-2014-05-26-152">[152]</a> In June 2014, Obama requested Congressional authorization of $0.5 billion to train, arm and support vetted Free Syrian militias as a counter-force against both <a href="/wiki/Assad_regime" class="mw-redirect" title="Assad regime">Assad regime</a> and <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">IS</a>.<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> On 17 September 2014, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a> voted to authorize the proposal to train and arm pro-Western <a href="/wiki/Free_Syrian_militias" class="mw-redirect" title="Free Syrian militias">Free Syrian militias</a>, with the objective of training 5,000–10,000 troops.<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> Syrian opposition's <a href="/wiki/National_Coalition_of_Syrian_Revolutionary_and_Opposition_Forces" title="National Coalition of Syrian Revolutionary and Opposition Forces">National Revolutionary Coalition</a> welcomed Obama's announcement of extending the anti-IS bombing campaign into Syria, stating: <blockquote>“The Syrian Coalition ... stands ready and willing to partner with the international community not only to defeat ISIS but also rid the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian people">Syrian people</a> of the tyranny of the <a href="/wiki/Assad_regime" class="mw-redirect" title="Assad regime">Assad regime</a>”<a href="#cite_note-Roberts,_Ackerman-158">[158]</a></blockquote> The <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> announced in March 2015 that it would send 75 military personnel to help train Western-vetted <a href="/wiki/Free_Syrian_militias" class="mw-redirect" title="Free Syrian militias">Free Syrian militias</a> in the use of small arms, infantry tactics and basic medical skills. The training was supposed to take place in <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> as part of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">U.S</a>.-led effort.<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">United States Department of Defense</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> proposed that they could provide training to <a href="/wiki/Belligerents_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Belligerents in the Syrian civil war">Syrian rebels</a> so they could return to <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> and battle ISIL.<a href="#cite_note-DoDoct8-160">[160]</a> The effort to train a large force of <a href="/wiki/Belligerents_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Belligerents in the Syrian civil war">Syrian rebels</a> from anti-Assad factions to fight ISIL ultimately failed, with only 54 fighters in <a href="/wiki/Division_30" title="Division 30">Division 30</a> trained and many captured, killed or not fighting.<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Multi-national_airstrikes">Multi-national airstrikes</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=War_against_the_Islamic_State&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Multi-national airstrikes">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Dutch_involvement_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch involvement in the Syrian Civil War">Dutch involvement in the Syrian Civil War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Okra" title="Operation Okra">Operation Okra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Impact#In_Syria" title="Operation Impact">Operation Impact § In Syria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ration_Chammal" title="Opération Chammal">Opération Chammal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jordanian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Jordanian intervention in the Syrian Civil War">Jordanian intervention in the Syrian Civil War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish involvement in the Syrian Civil War">Turkish involvement in the Syrian Civil War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Shader#Intervention_in_Syria" title="Operation Shader">Operation Shader § Intervention in Syria</a>, and <a href="/wiki/German_intervention_against_ISIL" class="mw-redirect" title="German intervention against ISIL">German intervention against ISIL</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USS_Philippine_Sea_(CG-58)_launches_Tomamhawk_missiles_in_September_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/USS_Philippine_Sea_%28CG-58%29_launches_Tomamhawk_missiles_in_September_2014.jpg/220px-USS_Philippine_Sea_%28CG-58%29_launches_Tomamhawk_missiles_in_September_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/USS_Philippine_Sea_%28CG-58%29_launches_Tomamhawk_missiles_in_September_2014.jpg/330px-USS_Philippine_Sea_%28CG-58%29_launches_Tomamhawk_missiles_in_September_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/USS_Philippine_Sea_%28CG-58%29_launches_Tomamhawk_missiles_in_September_2014.jpg/440px-USS_Philippine_Sea_%28CG-58%29_launches_Tomamhawk_missiles_in_September_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1400" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Carrier_Strike_Group_Two" class="mw-redirect" title="Carrier Strike Group Two">U.S. Navy</a> launching Tomahawk missiles from the <a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Red_Sea" title="Red Sea">Red Sea</a> against ISIL targets in Syria, 23 September 2014</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:7G-Helicopter-in-Kurdistan-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/7G-Helicopter-in-Kurdistan-2.jpg/220px-7G-Helicopter-in-Kurdistan-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/7G-Helicopter-in-Kurdistan-2.jpg/330px-7G-Helicopter-in-Kurdistan-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/7G-Helicopter-in-Kurdistan-2.jpg/440px-7G-Helicopter-in-Kurdistan-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="854" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Peshmerga" title="Peshmerga">Peshmerga</a> helicopter near the besieged city of <a href="/wiki/Sinjar" title="Sinjar">Sinjar</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">U.S. President</a> Obama announced on 10 September 2014 that he would begin to extend aerial campaign to <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> with or without congressional approval.<a href="#cite_note-aje11sept-164">[164]</a> Many Senators were opposed to Obama's policy of unilateral intervention, without requesting a congressional mandate.<a href="#cite_note-Ackerman-165">[165]</a> While Obama acknowledged the broad consensus in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Intelligence_Community" title="United States Intelligence Community">US intelligence community</a> that IS were not a "current threat" to United States, he claimed that IS posed a future danger to the US, citing the <a href="/wiki/Anti-Americanism" title="Anti-Americanism">anti-American</a> rhetoric of IS leadership.<a href="#cite_note-Roberts,_Ackerman-158">[158]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Pentagon" title="The Pentagon">Pentagon</a> leadership preferred a greater involvement of US boots to combat IS, but this was rejected by Obama, who instead favoured working with <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Ground_Forces" title="Iraqi Ground Forces">Iraqi Ground forces</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peshmerga" title="Peshmerga">Peshmerga</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syrian_opposition" title="Syrian opposition">Syrian opposition</a> militias.<a href="#cite_note-Ackerman-165">[165]</a> Starting on 22 September 2014, the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">U.S</a>., <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a> began numerous large-scale airstrikes against ISIL targets in Syria<a href="#cite_note-foxnewsarabpartners-166">[166]</a> with fighters, bombers, and sea-based <a href="/wiki/Tomahawk_(missile_family)" title="Tomahawk (missile family)">Tomahawk cruise missiles</a>.<a href="#cite_note-cnnsyriaairstrikes-167">[167]</a> The strikes were the largest aerial bombing operations launched against IS targets since US launched its military campaign against IS in August 2014.<a href="#cite_note-Chulov,_Ackerman,_Lewis-168">[168]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hadi_al-Bahra" title="Hadi al-Bahra">Hadi al-Bahra</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Coalition_of_Syrian_Revolutionary_and_Opposition_Forces#Presidents" title="National Coalition of Syrian Revolutionary and Opposition Forces">President of the National Coalition of Syrian Revolutionary and Opposition Forces</a>, stated that the strikes were "necessary" to aid the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian people">Syrian people</a>'s fight against ISIL and urged the Coalition Forces to steer clear of civilian casualties.<a href="#cite_note-Chulov,_Ackerman,_Lewis-168">[168]</a> United States has ruled out any co-operation with <a href="/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad" title="Bashar al-Assad">Bashar al-Assad</a> in the fight against IS, instead issuing warnings to the Syrian military to disengage from Coalition aircraft. <a href="/wiki/State_Department_Spokesperson" class="mw-redirect" title="State Department Spokesperson">State Department spokesperson</a> Jen Psaki stated that no notifications had been issued to <a href="/wiki/Assad_regime" class="mw-redirect" title="Assad regime">Assad regime</a> with regard to <a href="/wiki/American-led_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="American-led intervention in the Syrian civil war">US operations in Syrian airspace</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Chulov,_Ackerman,_Lewis-168">[168]</a> Additionally, on the first night, the U.S. forces also launched eight cruise missile strikes against the <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">al-Qaeda</a>-affiliated <a href="/wiki/Khorasan_(Islamic_group)" class="mw-redirect" title="Khorasan (Islamic group)">Khorasan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> Many airstrikes were focused against IS command & control facilities, training camps, supply depots, military facilities, etc. in and around <a href="/wiki/Raqqa" title="Raqqa">Raqqa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-Chulov,_Ackerman,_Lewis-168">[168]</a> Strikes <a href="/wiki/American-led_intervention_in_Syria#Air_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="American-led intervention in Syria">continue</a> to take place in Syria daily. In early November early December 2014, the U.S. launched additional airstrikes against the same group. In November 2014, <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a> sent 3 <a href="/wiki/F-16" class="mw-redirect" title="F-16">F-16s</a> to be deployed in UAE, to fight ISIL in <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq</a> and Syria under U.S.-led operations.<a href="#cite_note-NYTMO-171">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-WTMO-172">[172]</a><a href="#cite_note-Morocco_World_News-173">[173]</a> On 24 December 2014, ISIL shot down a Jordanian fighter jet over <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> and captured its pilot, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Jordanian_Air_Force" title="Royal Jordanian Air Force">Jordanian air force</a> lieutenant <a href="/wiki/Muath_Al-Kasasbeh" class="mw-redirect" title="Muath Al-Kasasbeh">Muath Al-Kasasbeh</a>. Al-Kasabeh was offered in exchange for captured ISIL fighters. <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a> offered to make the exchange, but demanded "proof of life" first. However, Al-Kasabeh had already been executed by immolation. When video of the pilot's execution was released, a moratorium on executions in <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a> was lifted and the <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">Al-Qaida</a> operatives, <a href="/wiki/Sajida_al-Rishawi" title="Sajida al-Rishawi">Sajida al-Rishawi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ziad_Khalaf_Raja_al-Karbouly" class="mw-redirect" title="Ziad Khalaf Raja al-Karbouly">Ziad al-Karbouli</a> were executed.<a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a><a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a> On 21 August 2015, three ISIL fighters, two with UK nationality, were targeted and killed in <a href="/wiki/Raqqa" title="Raqqa">Raqqa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> by a <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">British Royal Air Force</a> <a href="/wiki/MQ-9_Reaper" class="mw-redirect" title="MQ-9 Reaper">MQ-9 Reaper</a> strike. Prime Minister David Cameron gave a statement to Parliament that one of the British nationals targeted had been plotting attacks in the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>. Another British national was killed in a separate air strike by US forces in Raqqa on 24 August.<a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Destroyed_neighborhood_in_Raqqa.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Destroyed_neighborhood_in_Raqqa.png/220px-Destroyed_neighborhood_in_Raqqa.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Destroyed_neighborhood_in_Raqqa.png/330px-Destroyed_neighborhood_in_Raqqa.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Destroyed_neighborhood_in_Raqqa.png/440px-Destroyed_neighborhood_in_Raqqa.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="865" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Raqqa" title="Raqqa">Raqqa</a> suffered extensive damage during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Raqqa_(2017)" title="Battle of Raqqa (2017)">Battle of Raqqa</a></figcaption></figure> In October and November 2015, the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">U.S</a>. intensified its airstrikes on ISIL-held oil facilities in an operation named "<a href="/wiki/Operation_Tidal_Wave_II" title="Operation Tidal Wave II">Tidal Wave II</a>", after the <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> <a href="/wiki/Operation_Tidal_Wave" title="Operation Tidal Wave">campaign</a> against <a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">Axis</a> <a href="/wiki/Oil_Campaign_of_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Oil Campaign of World War II">oil targets</a> in <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>. The U.S. strategy aimed "to knock out specific installations for six months to a year" by focusing on facilities near <a href="/wiki/Deir_el-Zour" class="mw-redirect" title="Deir el-Zour">Deir el-Zour</a>. The Omar oil field, which produced 30,000 barrels of oil per day and $1.7 million to $5.1 million in revenue per month at full capacity, was hit on 21 October, reducing it to roughly a third of its capacity. French aircraft also participated in the strikes.<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a> On 16 November 2015, a U.S. Operation Tidal Wave II sortie destroyed 116 ISIL fuel tankers clustered near <a href="/wiki/Abu_Kamal" title="Abu Kamal">Abu Kamal</a>, a city on the <a href="/wiki/Iraq%E2%80%93Syria_border" title="Iraq–Syria border">Syrian border with Iraq</a>. Four A-10 Thunderbolt IIs and two AC-130 Spectre gunships participated in the raid. Before attacking the trucks the planes conducted several low-level, 'show of force' passes.<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a> On 2 December 2015, the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Parliament of the United Kingdom</a> voted in favour (397 to 223) to authorise air strikes in <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>.<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a> Within hours, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">RAF</a> Tornado jets carried out their first air strikes, targeting the Omar oil fields in eastern Syria, which were under ISIL control.<a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a> Tornado GR-4 jets were used for surveillance and a further six Typhoons left <a href="/wiki/RAF_Lossiemouth" title="RAF Lossiemouth">RAF Lossiemouth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> to join forces at <a href="/wiki/RAF_Akrotiri" title="RAF Akrotiri">RAF Akrotiri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a> On 4 December 2015 <a href="/wiki/German_intervention_against_ISIL" class="mw-redirect" title="German intervention against ISIL">Germany intervened</a> in reaction to the <a href="/wiki/November_2015_Paris_attacks" title="November 2015 Paris attacks">November 2015 Paris attacks</a> by sending the frigate <a href="/wiki/German_frigate_Augsburg_(F213)" title="German frigate Augsburg (F213)">Augsburg (F213)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Panavia_Tornado" title="Panavia Tornado">Panavia Tornado</a> reconnaissance aircraft to the region.<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a> The Augsburg concluded its first deployment in March 2016, redeploying in September and concluding its mission on 14 November 2016.<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a> On 29 January 2016, the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> announced its intent on expanding its airstrike operations to <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>.<a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russian_intervention">Russian intervention</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=War_against_the_Islamic_State&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Russian intervention">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Russian_military_intervention_in_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian military intervention in Syria">Russian military intervention in Syria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russian_involvement_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian involvement in the Syrian Civil War">Russian involvement in the Syrian Civil War</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Tu-95MS_fired_Kh-101_cruise_missiles_at_ISIS_objects_in_SYRIA.webm/220px--Tu-95MS_fired_Kh-101_cruise_missiles_at_ISIS_objects_in_SYRIA.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="182" data-mwtitle="Tu-95MS_fired_Kh-101_cruise_missiles_at_ISIS_objects_in_SYRIA.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Tu-95MS_fired_Kh-101_cruise_missiles_at_ISIS_objects_in_SYRIA.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/57/Tu-95MS_fired_Kh-101_cruise_missiles_at_ISIS_objects_in_SYRIA.webm/Tu-95MS_fired_Kh-101_cruise_missiles_at_ISIS_objects_in_SYRIA.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/57/Tu-95MS_fired_Kh-101_cruise_missiles_at_ISIS_objects_in_SYRIA.webm/Tu-95MS_fired_Kh-101_cruise_missiles_at_ISIS_objects_in_SYRIA.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/57/Tu-95MS_fired_Kh-101_cruise_missiles_at_ISIS_objects_in_SYRIA.webm/Tu-95MS_fired_Kh-101_cruise_missiles_at_ISIS_objects_in_SYRIA.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/Tu-95MS_fired_Kh-101_cruise_missiles_at_ISIS_objects_in_SYRIA.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/57/Tu-95MS_fired_Kh-101_cruise_missiles_at_ISIS_objects_in_SYRIA.webm/Tu-95MS_fired_Kh-101_cruise_missiles_at_ISIS_objects_in_SYRIA.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/57/Tu-95MS_fired_Kh-101_cruise_missiles_at_ISIS_objects_in_SYRIA.webm/Tu-95MS_fired_Kh-101_cruise_missiles_at_ISIS_objects_in_SYRIA.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/57/Tu-95MS_fired_Kh-101_cruise_missiles_at_ISIS_objects_in_SYRIA.webm/Tu-95MS_fired_Kh-101_cruise_missiles_at_ISIS_objects_in_SYRIA.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video><figcaption>Russian <a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-95" title="Tupolev Tu-95">Tu-95MS</a> fires Kh-101 <a href="/wiki/Cruise_missile" title="Cruise missile">cruise missiles</a> at ISIL targets in Syria, September 2017</figcaption></figure> On 11 September 2015, a <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Armed_Forces" title="Syrian Armed Forces">Syrian military</a> source made mention of Russian troops present in <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> to help the <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Syria" title="Politics of Syria">Syrian government</a> in its fight against <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant">ISIL</a>, as part of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Rescue_(Syria)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Operation Rescue (Syria) (page does not exist)">Operation Rescue</a>.<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a><a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a> On 17 September, Syrian warplanes carried out a wave of airstrikes in the ISIL-held city of <a href="/wiki/Raqqa" title="Raqqa">Raqqa</a> with Russian weapons supplied by <a href="/wiki/Russian_Armed_Forces" title="Russian Armed Forces">Russian Armed Forces</a>.<a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a> On 20 November, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> claimed to have killed over 600 terrorists using cruise missiles in one mission.<a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Turkish_intervention">Turkish intervention</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=War_against_the_Islamic_State&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Turkish intervention">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Turkey%E2%80%93ISIL_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkey–ISIL conflict">Turkey–ISIL conflict</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish involvement in the Syrian Civil War">Turkish involvement in the Syrian Civil War</a></div> ISIL is suspected of involvement in or responsibility for terrorist attacks in <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> in <a href="/wiki/2013_Reyhanl%C4%B1_car_bombings" title="2013 Reyhanlı car bombings">May 2013 in Reyhanlı</a> and <a href="/wiki/Turkey%E2%80%93ISIL_conflict#March_2014_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkey–ISIL conflict">March 2014 on Turkish police</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey%E2%80%93ISIL_conflict#June_2014:_ISIL_designated_terrorists,_kidnap_49_Turks" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkey–ISIL conflict">kidnapping 49 Turkish diplomats in June 2014</a>, the <a href="/wiki/2015_Diyarbak%C4%B1r_rally_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="2015 Diyarbakır rally bombing">5 June 2015 Diyarbakır rally bombing</a> and 20 July <a href="/wiki/2015_Suru%C3%A7_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="2015 Suruç bombing">2015 Suruç bombing</a> which killed 32 young activists. Until July 2015, the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Turkey" title="Government of Turkey">Turkish government</a> <a href="/wiki/January_2014_Turkish_airstrike_in_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="January 2014 Turkish airstrike in Syria">attacked ISIL</a> only once, in January 2014. In September 2014 Turkey <a href="/wiki/International_military_intervention_against_the_Islamic_State#International_coalitions_against_the_Islamic_State" class="mw-redirect" title="International military intervention against the Islamic State">joined a US-led coalition 'to fight ISIL'</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="July_2015_special_forces_operation">July 2015 special forces operation</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=War_against_the_Islamic_State&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: July 2015 special forces operation">edit</a>]</div> On 23 July according to various Turkish news outlets, 60 elite <a href="/wiki/Special_Forces_(Turkish_Armed_Forces)" class="mw-redirect" title="Special Forces (Turkish Armed Forces)">Special Forces</a> (ÖKK) operatives reportedly infiltrated Elbeyli-Ayyase village, 9 kilometers from the <a href="/wiki/Syria-Turkey_border" class="mw-redirect" title="Syria-Turkey border">Syria-Turkey border</a> in <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>, and took it back from ISIL militants.<a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a><a href="#cite_note-ulusalkanal-190">[190]</a><a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a> Turkish tanks shelled the village the same day of the ground operation.<a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a> The operation reportedly lasted over an hour and killed over 100 ISIL militants, according to reports.<a href="#cite_note-ulusalkanal-190">[190]</a> The Turkish General Staff neither confirmed nor denied the special forces foray but did confirm shelling the village.<a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a><a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a> The same day, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> <a href="/wiki/Turkey%E2%80%93ISIL_conflict#July_23:_Turkish_air_bases_for_US_to_use_against_ISIL" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkey–ISIL conflict">allowed the United States to use İncirlik and Diyarbakır air bases in southern Turkey for airstrikes on ISIL in Syria</a>, and after <a href="#Elbeyli_incident">an alleged ISIL attack on a Turkish border outpost in Kilis Province killing one Turkish soldier, the Turkish army shelled ISIL militants in Syria, killing one militant and destroying several ISIL vehicles</a>. On 24 July, an anonymous report appeared on a Turkish newspaper website stating that <a href="/wiki/Turkey%E2%80%93ISIL_conflict#'Turkish–American_zone_in_northern_Syria'" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkey–ISIL conflict">the United States had agreed with Turkey on a 'partial no-fly zone' in northern Syria</a>. On 24 and 25 July launched a military operation entitled '<a href="/wiki/Operation_Martyr_Yal%C3%A7%C4%B1n" title="Operation Martyr Yalçın">Operation Martyr Yalçın</a>' against both ISIL in <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party" title="Kurdistan Workers' Party">Kurdistan Workers' Party</a> (PKK) in <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>, deploying at least 70 <a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics_F-16_Fighting_Falcon" title="General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon">F-16</a> <a href="/wiki/Fighter_aircraft" title="Fighter aircraft">fighter jets</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kurdish-led_war">Kurdish-led war</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=War_against_the_Islamic_State&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Kurdish-led war">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Rojava%E2%80%93Islamist_conflict" title="Rojava–Islamist conflict">Rojava–Islamist conflict</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Rojava" class="mw-redirect" title="Rojava">Rojava</a> is a major theater in the war against the Islamic State in Syria. During the Syrian Civil war, Kurdish forces led by the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Protection_Units" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Protection Units">People's Protection Units</a> (YPG) took control of Northern Syria and launched campaigns to take control of the Islamist-controlled areas. The <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Democratic_Forces" title="Syrian Democratic Forces">Syrian Democratic Forces</a> went on to take substantial territory from the Islamic State and played a major role in the <a href="/wiki/Raqqa_campaign_(2016%E2%80%932017)" title="Raqqa campaign (2016–2017)">liberation of Raqqa</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_campaign_(2017%E2%80%932019)" title="Deir ez-Zor campaign (2017–2019)">battle for Deir Ezzor</a>, ending Islamic State rule in Syria. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lebanon">Lebanon</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=War_against_the_Islamic_State&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Lebanon">edit</a>]</div> In June 2015, <a href="/wiki/Hezbollah" title="Hezbollah">Hezbollah</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Hassan_Nasrallah" title="Hassan Nasrallah">Hassan Nasrallah</a> claimed that ISIL and <a href="/wiki/Al-Nusra_Front" title="Al-Nusra Front">Nusra</a> had taken a foothold in <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a> and that fierce battles were raging between them and Hezbollah, as well as each other.<a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Egypt">Egypt</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=War_against_the_Islamic_State&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Egypt">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sinai_insurgency" title="Sinai insurgency">Sinai insurgency</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Iraq">Iraq</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=War_against_the_Islamic_State&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Iraq">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)" title="War in Iraq (2013–2017)">War in Iraq (2013–2017)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_insurgency_in_Iraq_(2017%E2%80%93present)" title="Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017–present)">Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017–present)</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="U.S.-led_intervention">U.S.-led intervention</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=War_against_the_Islamic_State&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: U.S.-led intervention">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/US-led_intervention_in_Iraq_(2014%E2%80%932021)" title="US-led intervention in Iraq (2014–2021)">US-led intervention in Iraq (2014–2021)</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For previous American interventions in Iraq, see <a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War (1990–91)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Desert_Fox" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Desert Fox">Operation Desert Fox</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War (2003–11)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:24_December_2016_CJCS_USO_Holiday_Tour_PT._2_161224-D-PB383-080_(31850877755).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/24_December_2016_CJCS_USO_Holiday_Tour_PT._2_161224-D-PB383-080_%2831850877755%29.jpg/220px-24_December_2016_CJCS_USO_Holiday_Tour_PT._2_161224-D-PB383-080_%2831850877755%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/24_December_2016_CJCS_USO_Holiday_Tour_PT._2_161224-D-PB383-080_%2831850877755%29.jpg/330px-24_December_2016_CJCS_USO_Holiday_Tour_PT._2_161224-D-PB383-080_%2831850877755%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/24_December_2016_CJCS_USO_Holiday_Tour_PT._2_161224-D-PB383-080_%2831850877755%29.jpg/440px-24_December_2016_CJCS_USO_Holiday_Tour_PT._2_161224-D-PB383-080_%2831850877755%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1335" /></a><figcaption>Iraqi soldiers present US Marine General <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Dunford" title="Joseph Dunford">Joseph Dunford</a> with a captured <a href="/wiki/Jihadist_flag#ISIS_variant" title="Jihadist flag">ISIL flag</a> during the intervention.</figcaption></figure> After having started flying crewed aircraft over <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> and sending some troops in June, in August 2014 the <a href="/wiki/US_military" class="mw-redirect" title="US military">US military</a> began supplying Iraqi Kurdish <a href="/wiki/Peshmerga" title="Peshmerga">Peshmerga</a> with weapons, dropping food for refugees fleeing from ISIL, and airstrikes against ISIL in <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>. On 9 August, speaking about U.S. airstrikes in <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>, President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> said "this is going to be a long-term project."<a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a> Since then, nine countries<a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a> allied with the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">US</a> have also executed airstrikes on ISIL in Iraq, and various countries have contributed military and humanitarian aid to <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_Iraq" title="Federal government of Iraq">Iraqi government</a> and Iraqi Kurdish ground forces. On 16–19 August, according to the U.S., Kurdish and Iraqi government forces, with the help of U.S. airstrikes, took back the <a href="/wiki/Mosul_Dam" title="Mosul Dam">Mosul Dam</a>, the largest dam in <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>. (For further wins and losses in Iraq against ISIL, see <a href="/wiki/War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)" title="War in Iraq (2013–2017)">War in Iraq (2014–2017)</a>). President Obama announced on 10 September 2014 that the number of airstrikes in Iraq would increase and that he had dispatched 500 more US troops there.<a href="#cite_note-aje11sept-164">[164]</a> On 10 September 2019, <a href="/wiki/US_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="US Air Force">US Air Force</a> <a href="/wiki/F-35" class="mw-redirect" title="F-35">F-35s</a> and <a href="/wiki/F-15E" class="mw-redirect" title="F-15E">F-15E</a> Strike Eagles dropped bombs weighing 36,000 kg on an <a href="/wiki/Qanus_Island" title="Qanus Island">Iraqi island</a> "infested" by ISIS.<a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Military_aid">Military aid</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=War_against_the_Islamic_State&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Military aid">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/US-led_intervention_in_Iraq_(2014%E2%80%932021)#Military_aid_to_the_Kurds" title="US-led intervention in Iraq (2014–2021)">US-led intervention in Iraq (2014–2021) § Military aid to the Kurds</a></div> On 5 August 2014, <a href="/wiki/Zalmay_Khalilzad" title="Zalmay Khalilzad">Zalmay Khalilzad</a>, the former <a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_the_United_States_to_Iraq" title="List of ambassadors of the United States to Iraq">US ambassador to Iraq</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">UN</a>, wrote in the <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">Washington Post</a> that the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> is involved in "the direct supply of munitions to the <a href="/wiki/Kurds" title="Kurds">Kurds</a> and, with Baghdad's agreement, the shipment of some <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Military_Sales" title="Foreign Military Sales">Foreign Military Sales</a> (FMS) program weapons to the Kurds."<a href="#cite_note-BBC15Aug-199">[199]</a><a href="#cite_note-200">[200]</a> The United States moved from indirectly supplying <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Kurdistan" title="Iraqi Kurdistan">Kurdistan</a> with small arms through the <a href="/wiki/CIA" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA">CIA</a> to directly giving them weapons such as <a href="/wiki/Man-portable_anti-tank_systems" title="Man-portable anti-tank systems">man-portable anti-tank systems</a>.<a href="#cite_note-201">[201]</a> In a coordinated effort led by the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, many allied countries including <a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_NATO" title="Member states of NATO">NATO members</a> and Middle Eastern partners have supplied or plan to supply Iraqi and/or Kurdish forces with heavy military equipment, small arms, ammunition, non-lethal military gear, and training support. The <a href="/wiki/US-led_intervention_in_Iraq_(2014%E2%80%932021)#Building_Partner_Capacity" title="US-led intervention in Iraq (2014–2021)">Building Partner Capacity (BPC) program</a> is meant to help the <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_Iraq" title="Federal government of Iraq">Iraqi government</a> to prepare forces for the counter-attack against ISIL and the regaining of its territory. According to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">US Department of Defense</a>, by May 2015 a dozen countries had committed themselves to the BPC program: <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> and United States, and 6,500 Iraqi forces had been trained by BPC. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Humanitarian_efforts">Humanitarian efforts</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=War_against_the_Islamic_State&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Humanitarian efforts">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Genocide_of_Yazidis_by_the_Islamic_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Genocide of Yazidis by the Islamic State">Genocide of Yazidis by the Islamic State</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sinjar_massacre" title="Sinjar massacre">Sinjar massacre</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:United_States_humanitarian_airdrop_over_Iraq,_Aug._8,_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/United_States_humanitarian_airdrop_over_Iraq%2C_Aug._8%2C_2014.jpg/200px-United_States_humanitarian_airdrop_over_Iraq%2C_Aug._8%2C_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/United_States_humanitarian_airdrop_over_Iraq%2C_Aug._8%2C_2014.jpg/300px-United_States_humanitarian_airdrop_over_Iraq%2C_Aug._8%2C_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/United_States_humanitarian_airdrop_over_Iraq%2C_Aug._8%2C_2014.jpg/400px-United_States_humanitarian_airdrop_over_Iraq%2C_Aug._8%2C_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1728" /></a><figcaption>Bottled water containers are loaded on a U.S. Air Force C-17 for an <a href="/wiki/Airdrop" title="Airdrop">airdrop</a> on 8 August 2014.</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, supported by international partners, launched a large humanitarian effort to support refugees stranded in northern Iraq. This included air-dropping tens of thousands of meals and thousands of gallons of drinking water to <a href="/wiki/Yazidi" class="mw-redirect" title="Yazidi">Yazidi</a> refugees stranded in the <a href="/wiki/Sinjar_Mountains" title="Sinjar Mountains">Sinjar Mountains</a> and threatened by advancing ISIL forces, between 7–14 August 2014, in what was later described as "the first mass air delivery of humanitarian cargo since the <a href="/wiki/1999_East_Timorese_independence_referendum" title="1999 East Timorese independence referendum">outbreak of violence</a> in <a href="/wiki/East_Timor" title="East Timor">East Timor</a> in 1999."<a href="#cite_note-JTF633-202">[202]</a><a href="#cite_note-203">[203]</a><a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a><a href="#cite_note-205">[205]</a><a href="#cite_note-206">[206]</a> Thousands of <a href="/wiki/Yazidis" title="Yazidis">Yazidis</a> and other Iraqi civilians fled to the area following attacks on their villages and the town of <a href="/wiki/Sinjar" title="Sinjar">Sinjar</a> throughout late July and early August 2014. Several human rights and observer organizations in the region reported that those who fled to the mountains were subjected to starvation, and lacked clean drinking water and medical care for several months as ISIL <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Militants" class="extiw" title="wikt:Militants">militants</a> surrounded them. Hundreds of men, women, and children were abducted and killed. In response to the immediate threat to the approximately 30,000 people trapped on the mountain, coalition aircraft commenced humanitarian aid drops. These air drops included basic supplies such as food, water, and shelter and were conducted at low flight levels by coalition transport aircraft under the threat of ISIL surface-to-air attacks. In direct support of humanitarian aid drops, <a href="/wiki/CF-18" class="mw-redirect" title="CF-18">CF-18s</a> provided top cover for a <a href="/wiki/Royal_Australian_Air_Force" title="Royal Australian Air Force">Royal Australian Air Force</a> (RAAF) <a href="/wiki/C-130_Hercules" class="mw-redirect" title="C-130 Hercules">C-130 Hercules</a> transport aircraft on 20 November, ensuring the transport crew was able to safely parachute supplies to waiting refugees below. <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian Forces">Canadian fighter jets</a> remained in close proximity to the transport aircraft to protect it from ISIL <a href="/wiki/Surface-to-air" class="mw-redirect" title="Surface-to-air">surface-to-air</a> threats or attacks.<a href="#cite_note-207">[207]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="U.S._military_operations">U.S. military operations</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=War_against_the_Islamic_State&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: U.S. military operations">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Operation_Inherent_Resolve" title="Operation Inherent Resolve">Operation Inherent Resolve</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/President_Obama_Makes_a_Statement_on_Iraq_-_080714.ogv/220px--President_Obama_Makes_a_Statement_on_Iraq_-_080714.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="516" data-mwtitle="President_Obama_Makes_a_Statement_on_Iraq_-_080714.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:President_Obama_Makes_a_Statement_on_Iraq_-_080714.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bd/President_Obama_Makes_a_Statement_on_Iraq_-_080714.ogv/President_Obama_Makes_a_Statement_on_Iraq_-_080714.ogv.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/President_Obama_Makes_a_Statement_on_Iraq_-_080714.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bd/President_Obama_Makes_a_Statement_on_Iraq_-_080714.ogv/President_Obama_Makes_a_Statement_on_Iraq_-_080714.ogv.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bd/President_Obama_Makes_a_Statement_on_Iraq_-_080714.ogv/President_Obama_Makes_a_Statement_on_Iraq_-_080714.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bd/President_Obama_Makes_a_Statement_on_Iraq_-_080714.ogv/President_Obama_Makes_a_Statement_on_Iraq_-_080714.ogv.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bd/President_Obama_Makes_a_Statement_on_Iraq_-_080714.ogv/President_Obama_Makes_a_Statement_on_Iraq_-_080714.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3APresident_Obama_Makes_a_Statement_on_Iraq_-_080714.ogv&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></video><figcaption>President Obama speaks about the "game plan" for dealing with the Islamic State.</figcaption></figure> Unlike their coalition partners, and unlike previous American combat operations, no name was initially given to the 2014 intervention against ISIL by the <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">U.S. government</a>.<a href="#cite_note-208">[208]</a> The decision to keep the conflict nameless drew considerable media criticism.<a href="#cite_note-209">[209]</a><a href="#cite_note-210">[210]</a><a href="#cite_note-211">[211]</a><a href="#cite_note-212">[212]</a><a href="#cite_note-213">[213]</a> U.S. Service members remain ineligible for Campaign Medals and other service decorations due to the continuing ambiguous nature of the continuing U.S. involvement in Iraq.<a href="#cite_note-214">[214]</a> On 15 October 2014, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Central_Command" title="United States Central Command">United States Central Command</a> announced that the U.S.-led air campaign against ISIL in <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> was henceforth designated as <a href="/wiki/Operation_Inherent_Resolve" title="Operation Inherent Resolve">Operation Inherent Resolve</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CentComRel#20141018-215">[215]</a> The CENTCOM news release noted: <blockquote>"According to CENTCOM officials, the name INHERENT RESOLVE is intended to reflect the unwavering resolve and deep commitment of the U.S. and partner nations in the region and around the globe to eliminate the terrorist group ISIL and the threat they pose to Iraq, the region and the wider international community. It also symbolizes the willingness and dedication of coalition members to work closely with our friends in the region and apply all available dimensions of national power necessary—diplomatic, informational, military, economic—to degrade and ultimately destroy ISIL."<a href="#cite_note-CentComRel#20141018-215">[215]</a></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="U.S._airstrikes">U.S. airstrikes</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=War_against_the_Islamic_State&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: U.S. airstrikes">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/US-led_intervention_in_Iraq_(2014%E2%80%932021)#Timeline" title="US-led intervention in Iraq (2014–2021)">US-led intervention in Iraq (2014–2021) § Timeline</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_2" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/VIDEO_OF_U.S._MILITARY_F-A-18_HORNET_STRIKES_IN_IRAQ%2C_AUG._8%281%29.webm/220px--VIDEO_OF_U.S._MILITARY_F-A-18_HORNET_STRIKES_IN_IRAQ%2C_AUG._8%281%29.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="165" data-durationhint="37" data-mwtitle="VIDEO_OF_U.S._MILITARY_F-A-18_HORNET_STRIKES_IN_IRAQ,_AUG._8(1).webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:VIDEO_OF_U.S._MILITARY_F-A-18_HORNET_STRIKES_IN_IRAQ,_AUG._8(1).webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/37/VIDEO_OF_U.S._MILITARY_F-A-18_HORNET_STRIKES_IN_IRAQ%2C_AUG._8%281%29.webm/VIDEO_OF_U.S._MILITARY_F-A-18_HORNET_STRIKES_IN_IRAQ%2C_AUG._8%281%29.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/VIDEO_OF_U.S._MILITARY_F-A-18_HORNET_STRIKES_IN_IRAQ%2C_AUG._8%281%29.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="480" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/37/VIDEO_OF_U.S._MILITARY_F-A-18_HORNET_STRIKES_IN_IRAQ%2C_AUG._8%281%29.webm/VIDEO_OF_U.S._MILITARY_F-A-18_HORNET_STRIKES_IN_IRAQ%2C_AUG._8%281%29.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/37/VIDEO_OF_U.S._MILITARY_F-A-18_HORNET_STRIKES_IN_IRAQ%2C_AUG._8%281%29.webm/VIDEO_OF_U.S._MILITARY_F-A-18_HORNET_STRIKES_IN_IRAQ%2C_AUG._8%281%29.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /></video><figcaption><a href="/wiki/U.S._Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Navy">U.S. Navy</a> <a href="/wiki/Boeing_F/A-18E/F_Super_Hornet" title="Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet">Boeing F/A-18F Super Hornet</a> bomb <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant">ISIL</a> <a href="/wiki/M198_howitzer" title="M198 howitzer">artillery</a> targets on 8 August 2014.</figcaption></figure> In June 2014, U.S. forces had started undertaking reconnaissance missions over northern Iraq.<a href="#cite_note-216">[216]</a><a href="#cite_note-217">[217]</a><a href="#cite_note-218">[218]</a> On 7 August, President Obama gave a live address describing the worsening conditions in <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> and that <a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Yazidis_by_the_Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant" class="mw-redirect" title="Persecution of Yazidis by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant">the plight</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Yazidi" class="mw-redirect" title="Yazidi">Yazidis</a> particular had convinced him that <a href="/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces" title="United States Armed Forces">U.S. military</a> action was necessary to protect American lives, protect minority groups in <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>, and to stop a possible ISIL advance on <a href="/wiki/Erbil" title="Erbil">Erbil</a>, the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Kurdistan" title="Iraqi Kurdistan">Kurdish Autonomous Region</a>.<a href="#cite_note-219">[219]</a> On 8 August, the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> started to bomb ISIL targets in Iraq.<a href="#cite_note-220">[220]</a><a href="#cite_note-221">[221]</a> By 10 August, assisted by these air attacks, Kurdish forces claimed to have recaptured the towns of Mahmour and Gweyr<a href="#cite_note-222">[222]</a> from Islamic State control. Additional Iraqi airstrikes conducted in <a href="/wiki/Sinjar" title="Sinjar">Sinjar</a> were reported to have killed 45 ISIL militants and injured an additional 60 militants.<a href="#cite_note-223">[223]</a> On 11 August, a spokesperson for <a href="/wiki/The_Pentagon" title="The Pentagon">The Pentagon</a> said the airstrikes had slowed down ISIL's advance in northern Iraq, but were unlikely to degrade ISIL's capabilities or operations in other areas.<a href="#cite_note-224">[224]</a> Between 8 and 13 August, U.S. airstrikes and Kurdish ground forces enabled 35,000 to 45,000 of Yazidi refugees to escape or be evacuated from the <a href="/wiki/Sinjar_Mountains" title="Sinjar Mountains">Sinjar Mountains</a>.<a href="#cite_note-siege-225">[225]</a> On 16 August, U.S. air power began a <a href="/wiki/Close_air_support" title="Close air support">close air campaign</a> aimed at supporting the advance of Kurdish fighters moving toward the <a href="/wiki/Mosul_Dam" title="Mosul Dam">Mosul Dam</a>. Kurdish sources commented that it was the "heaviest US bombing of militant positions since the start of air strikes".<a href="#cite_note-BBC16Aug-226">[226]</a><a href="#cite_note-BBC18Aug-227">[227]</a> President Obama on 17 August defended this usage of U.S. Forces as support of the Iraqi and Kurdish fight in general against ISIL—which indeed went beyond Obama's reasoning for launching airstrikes on 7 August.<a href="#cite_note-228">[228]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_AirStrikes_in_Iraq_Map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/US_AirStrikes_in_Iraq_Map.png/220px-US_AirStrikes_in_Iraq_Map.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/US_AirStrikes_in_Iraq_Map.png/330px-US_AirStrikes_in_Iraq_Map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/US_AirStrikes_in_Iraq_Map.png/440px-US_AirStrikes_in_Iraq_Map.png 2x" data-file-width="697" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Locations where the United States has launched airstrikes against ISIS in Iraq (as of 16 September 2014).</figcaption></figure> On 8 September, the <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraqi Army">Iraqi Army</a>, with close air support from the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">U.S</a>., retook the key <a href="/wiki/Haditha_Dam" title="Haditha Dam">Haditha Dam</a>, and recaptured the town of <a href="/wiki/Barwanah" title="Barwanah">Barwana</a>, killing 15 ISIL fighters.<a href="#cite_note-VICE-229">[229]</a> ISIL responded with the public execution of <a href="/wiki/David_Cawthorne_Haines" class="mw-redirect" title="David Cawthorne Haines">David Haines</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Haines-230">[230]</a> By the end of September 2014, the United States had conducted 240 airstrikes in <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>, as well as 1,300 tanker refueling missions, totaling 3,800 sorties by all types of aircraft. A tactical arrangement with Kurdish and Iraqi forces, and drone videos are being used to coordinate close air support without needing U.S. troops in ground combat.<a href="#cite_note-231">[231]</a> On 19 December 2014, US General James Terry announced that the number of US airstrikes on ISIL had increased to 1,361.<a href="#cite_note-Pentagon_has_a_new_name_for_ISIS?-232">[232]</a> On 25 December 2014, Hassan Saeed Al-Jabouri, the ISIL governor of <a href="/wiki/Mosul" title="Mosul">Mosul</a>, who was also known as Abu Taluut, was killed by a US-led Coalition airstrike in Mosul. It was also reported that the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">US</a> planned to retake the city of Mosul in January 2015.<a href="#cite_note-ISIL_governor_of_Mosul_is_killed-233">[233]</a> On 15 January 2015, it was reported that over 16,000 airstrikes had been carried out by the Coalition. The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">U.S. Air Force</a> has carried out around 60 percent of all strikes. Among them, <a href="/wiki/F-16" class="mw-redirect" title="F-16">F-16s</a> performed 41 percent of all sorties, followed by the <a href="/wiki/F-15E" class="mw-redirect" title="F-15E">F-15E</a> at 37 percent, then the <a href="/wiki/A-10" class="mw-redirect" title="A-10">A-10</a> at 11 percent, the <a href="/wiki/Rockwell_B-1_Lancer" title="Rockwell B-1 Lancer">B-1</a> bomber at eight percent, and the <a href="/wiki/F-22" class="mw-redirect" title="F-22">F-22</a> at 3 percent. The remaining 40 percent has been carried out by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">US Navy</a> and allied nations.<a href="#cite_note-234">[234]</a> On 20 January 2015, the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Observatory_for_Human_Rights" title="Syrian Observatory for Human Rights">SOHR</a> reported that al-Baghdadi, the leader of ISIL, had been wounded in an airstrike in <a href="/wiki/Al-Qa%27im_(town)" title="Al-Qa'im (town)">Al-Qa'im</a>, an Iraqi border town held by ISIL, and as a result, withdrew to <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ISIL_leader_wounded_in_airstrike-235">[235]</a> On 21 January 2015, the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">US</a> began coordinating airstrikes with a Kurdish launched offensive, to help them begin the planned operation to retake the city of <a href="/wiki/Mosul" title="Mosul">Mosul</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Peshmerga_begins_assault_on_Mosul-236">[236]</a> On 21 July 2015, it was reported that nearly 44,000 sorties have flown since August 2014.<a href="#cite_note-237">[237]</a> Throughout 2015, the vast majority of bombs and missiles launched by the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">US</a> (approximately 22,000 of 23,000 total) were directed at targets in <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>, according to the <a href="/wiki/Council_on_Foreign_Relations" title="Council on Foreign Relations">Council on Foreign Relations</a>.<a href="#cite_note-238">[238]</a> In 2019 <a href="/wiki/2019_U.S._airstrike_in_Baghuz" title="2019 U.S. airstrike in Baghuz">U.S military carried out an airstrike</a> in <a href="/wiki/Baghuz" class="mw-redirect" title="Baghuz">Baghuz</a> town in <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> leading to death of 64 women and children, marking the largest civilian casualty incidents of the war against the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">Islamic State</a>. The incident was concealed by the U.S. military<a href="#cite_note-NYT-239">[239]</a> and it was reported by <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">the New York Times</a> for the first time on November 14, 2021.<a href="#cite_note-240">[240]</a> In June 2020, coalition aircraft destroyed three ISIL camps in northern Iraq.<a href="#cite_note-241">[241]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="U.S._ground_forces">U.S. ground forces</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=War_against_the_Islamic_State&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: U.S. ground forces">edit</a>]</div> In July, President Obama announced that due to the continuing violence in <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> and the growing influence of non-state organizations, such as the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant">Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> would be elevating its security commitment in the region. Approximately 800 U.S. troops secured American installations like the <a href="/wiki/Embassy_of_the_United_States,_Baghdad" title="Embassy of the United States, Baghdad">Embassy in Baghdad</a> and the Consulate in <a href="/wiki/Erbil" title="Erbil">Erbil</a> as well as taking control of strategic locations like the <a href="/wiki/Baghdad_International_Airport" title="Baghdad International Airport">Baghdad airport</a> in cooperation with Iraqi troops.<a href="#cite_note-242">[242]</a> U.S. forces also undertook a mission to "assess and to advise [<a href="/wiki/Iraqi_security_forces" title="Iraqi security forces">Iraqi security forces</a>] as they confront [ISIL] and the complex security situation on the ground."<a href="#cite_note-243">[243]</a> Reports from these American units about the capabilities of the Iraqi military have been consistently grim, viewing them as "compromised" by sectarian interests.<a href="#cite_note-244">[244]</a><a href="#cite_note-245">[245]</a><a href="#cite_note-246">[246]</a> On 13 August 2014, the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">U.S</a>. deployed another 130 military advisers to Northern Iraq<a href="#cite_note-247">[247]</a> and up to 20 <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">U.S. Marines</a> and special forces servicemen landed on <a href="/wiki/Sinjar_Mountains" title="Sinjar Mountains">Mount Sinjar</a> from <a href="/wiki/V-22" class="mw-redirect" title="V-22">V-22</a> aircraft to coordinate the evacuation of <a href="/wiki/Yazidis" title="Yazidis">Yazidi</a> refugees joining British <a href="/wiki/Special_Air_Service" title="Special Air Service">SAS</a> already in the area.<a href="#cite_note-USUKTroops-248">[248]</a> On 3 September 2014, Obama announced increase of U.S. forces in <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> to 1,213.<a href="#cite_note-249">[249]</a> On 10 September, Obama gave a speech reiterating that U.S. troops will not fight in combat, but about 500 more troops will be sent to Iraq to help train Iraqi forces.<a href="#cite_note-aje11sept-164">[164]</a> In early November 2014, Obama announced that he would be doubling the U.S. ground presence inside <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> to around 3,000 men.<a href="#cite_note-stripes.com-250">[250]</a> By early December 2014, the number of U.S. ground troops in Iraq had increased to 3,100.<a href="#cite_note-Coalition_ground_troops_in_Iraq_increase-251">[251]</a> On 9 December 2014, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Foreign_Relations" title="United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations">United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations</a> authorized U.S. military force against <a href="/wiki/ISIL" class="mw-redirect" title="ISIL">ISIL</a>. However, it limits military force to three years, requires the administration to report to <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Congress</a> every 60 days, and prohibits the deployment of U.S. combat troops, except in specific cases, such as those involving the rescue or protection of U.S. soldiers, or for intelligence operations.<a href="#cite_note-252">[252]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:U.S._Army_Soldiers,_deployed_in_support_of_CJTF-OIR,_assigned_to_2nd_BN,_325th_AIR,_2nd_BCT,_82nd_Airborne_Division,_use_a_rooftop_as_an_OP_in_Mosul,_Iraq,_March_7,_2017.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/U.S._Army_Soldiers%2C_deployed_in_support_of_CJTF-OIR%2C_assigned_to_2nd_BN%2C_325th_AIR%2C_2nd_BCT%2C_82nd_Airborne_Division%2C_use_a_rooftop_as_an_OP_in_Mosul%2C_Iraq%2C_March_7%2C_2017.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/U.S._Army_Soldiers%2C_deployed_in_support_of_CJTF-OIR%2C_assigned_to_2nd_BN%2C_325th_AIR%2C_2nd_BCT%2C_82nd_Airborne_Division%2C_use_a_rooftop_as_an_OP_in_Mosul%2C_Iraq%2C_March_7%2C_2017.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/U.S._Army_Soldiers%2C_deployed_in_support_of_CJTF-OIR%2C_assigned_to_2nd_BN%2C_325th_AIR%2C_2nd_BCT%2C_82nd_Airborne_Division%2C_use_a_rooftop_as_an_OP_in_Mosul%2C_Iraq%2C_March_7%2C_2017.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5568" data-file-height="3712" /></a><figcaption>U.S. Army infantry from the <a href="/wiki/325th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="325th Infantry Regiment (United States)">325th Infantry Regiment</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mosul_(2016%E2%80%9317)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Mosul (2016–17)">Battle of Mosul</a>, 7 March 2017</figcaption></figure> During the early morning hours of 14 December 2014, U.S. ground forces allegedly clashed with <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant">ISIL</a> alongside the <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraqi Army">Iraqi Army</a> and Tribal Forces near the <a href="/wiki/Al_Asad_Airbase" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Asad Airbase">Ain al-Assad Airbase</a>, west of <a href="/wiki/Anbar_(town)" title="Anbar (town)">Anbar</a>, in an attempt to repel them from the base of which includes about 100 U.S. advisers in it, when ISIL attempted to overrun the base. According to a field commander of the <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraqi Army">Iraqi Army</a> in <a href="/wiki/Al_Anbar_Governorate" title="Al Anbar Governorate">Al Anbar Governorate</a>, said that "the U.S. force equipped with light and medium weapons, supported by <a href="/wiki/F-18" class="mw-redirect" title="F-18">F-18</a>, was able to inflict casualties against fighters of ISIL organization, and forced them to retreat from the al-Dolab area, which lies 10 kilometers from Ain al-Assad base." Sheikh Mahmud Nimrawi, a prominent tribal leader in the region, added that "U.S. forces intervened because of ISIL started to come near the base, which they are stationed in so out of self-defense," he responded, welcoming the U.S. intervention, and saying "which I hope will not be the last."<a href="#cite_note-253">[253]</a><a href="#cite_note-254">[254]</a><a href="#cite_note-255">[255]</a> This was said to be the first encounter between the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant">Islamic State</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Iraq_War#April_6" title="Timeline of the Iraq War">in four years</a>. However, this claim has been stated to be "false" by <a href="/wiki/The_Pentagon" title="The Pentagon">The Pentagon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-256">[256]</a> On 5 January 2015, <a href="/wiki/The_Pentagon" title="The Pentagon">The Pentagon</a> acknowledged that ISIL had been <a href="/wiki/Al_Asad_Airbase#Al_Asad_Base_during_the_Intervention_against_the_Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Asad Airbase">ineffectively mortaring the base</a>.<a href="#cite_note-257">[257]</a> In late February 2015, another 1,300 US soldiers were deployed to <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>, increasing the number of US ground troops in Iraq to 4,400.<a href="#cite_note-1,300_more_US_soldiers_deployed_to_Iraq-258">[258]</a> On 9 March 2020, the Pentagon released a statement claiming that two <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">American Marines</a> were killed on 8 March 2020 during an anti-ISIS operation in a mountainous area of north central Iraq.<a href="#cite_note-259">[259]</a> Col. Myles B. Caggins III, a spokesman for the OIR coalition, later identified the Marines as Gunnery Sgt. Diego D. Pongo, 34, of <a href="/wiki/Simi_Valley,_California" title="Simi Valley, California">Simi Valley</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, and Capt. Moises A. Navas, 34, of <a href="/wiki/Germantown,_Maryland" title="Germantown, Maryland">Germantown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a>, who were also MARSOC Raiders, and that they died during an operation which also claimed the lives of four ISIS fighters during an American-led operation which involved clearing an ISIS cave complex in the Makhmur Mountains, south of <a href="/wiki/Erbil" title="Erbil">Erbil</a>.<a href="#cite_note-260">[260]</a> The coalition officially concluded its combat mission in Iraq on 9 December 2021, but U.S. troops remained in Iraq to advise, train, and assist <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_security_forces" title="Iraqi security forces">Iraqi security forces</a> against the ongoing <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_insurgency_in_Iraq_(2017%E2%80%93present)" title="Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017–present)">ISIL insurgency</a>, including providing air support and military aid.<a href="#cite_note-aljazeera.com-261">[261]</a><a href="#cite_note-reuters.com2-262">[262]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Australian_airstrikes">Australian airstrikes</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=War_against_the_Islamic_State&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Australian airstrikes">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Operation_Okra" title="Operation Okra">Operation Okra</a></div> On 3 October 2014, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Australia" title="Prime Minister of Australia">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Tony_Abbott" title="Tony Abbott">Tony Abbott</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Australia" title="Cabinet of Australia">Australian Cabinet</a> approved for <a href="/wiki/RAAF" class="mw-redirect" title="RAAF">RAAF</a> <a href="/wiki/Boeing_F/A-18F_Super_Hornet" class="mw-redirect" title="Boeing F/A-18F Super Hornet">Boeing F/A-18F Super Hornet</a> fighter bombers to begin airstrikes against Islamic State militants. Abbott said "It is in our national interest that we do so, it is in the interests of civilisation that we do so. It is in everyone's best interests that the murderous rage of the ISIL death cult be checked and rolled back and that's what we're determined to do."<a href="#cite_note-263">[263]</a> On 6 October, Air Chief Marshal <a href="/wiki/Mark_Binskin" title="Mark Binskin">Mark Binskin</a> announced two Super Hornets had conducted armed combat missions over <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> although no armaments were expended. An Australian Air task Group KC-30A and an E-7A Wedgetail Airborne Early Warning and Control aircraft have also been flying in support to fighter bombers belonging to coalition forces. The KC-30A performs airborne refueling for coalition aircraft.<a href="#cite_note-264">[264]</a> Binskin said "One of our Super Hornet packages on the first night ... had an identified target which it was tracking and that particular target moved into an urban area where the risks of conducting a strike on that target increased to a point where it exceeded our expectations of collateral damage, so they discontinued the attack at that point."<a href="#cite_note-265">[265]</a> On 9 October, Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Tony_Abbott" title="Tony Abbott">Tony Abbott</a> confirmed that <a href="/wiki/Royal_Australian_Air_Force" title="Royal Australian Air Force">RAAF</a> Super Hornets had been involved in a "strike missions on an ISIL position in Iraq".<a href="#cite_note-266">[266]</a> The aircraft dropped two bombs onto an isolated building which ISIL was using as a command and control center.<a href="#cite_note-267">[267]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pesmergehabur.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Pesmergehabur.jpg/220px-Pesmergehabur.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Pesmergehabur.jpg/330px-Pesmergehabur.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Pesmergehabur.jpg/440px-Pesmergehabur.jpg 2x" data-file-width="954" data-file-height="636" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Peshmerga" title="Peshmerga">Peshmerga</a> Fighters Enter Turkey Towards <a href="/wiki/Koban%C3%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Kobanî">Kobanî</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdistan region">Kurdistan Regional Government</a> got Permission from <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>.</figcaption></figure> As of 17 October, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Australian_Air_Force" title="Royal Australian Air Force">Royal Australian Air Force</a> had conducted 43 combat sorties over Iraq.<a href="#cite_note-268">[268]</a> Recent strikes had targeted equipment facilities, with "at least two" resulting in ISIL casualties after Australian aircraft had increased the number of missions flown to allow <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">U.S</a>. and coalition forces to assist Kurdish fighters around <a href="/wiki/Koban%C3%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Kobanî">Kobanî</a>, in northern Syria.<a href="#cite_note-269">[269]</a><a href="#cite_note-270">[270]</a> After more than 2 years of involvement in the coalition, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> announced the end of its airstrikes in <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>, after informing Iraq and other allies.<a href="#cite_note-271">[271]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="British_airstrikes">British airstrikes</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=War_against_the_Islamic_State&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: British airstrikes">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Operation_Shader" title="Operation Shader">Operation Shader</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RAF_CONDUCTS_FIRST_AIR_STRIKES_OF_IRAQ_MISSION_MOD_45158635.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/RAF_CONDUCTS_FIRST_AIR_STRIKES_OF_IRAQ_MISSION_MOD_45158635.jpg/220px-RAF_CONDUCTS_FIRST_AIR_STRIKES_OF_IRAQ_MISSION_MOD_45158635.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/RAF_CONDUCTS_FIRST_AIR_STRIKES_OF_IRAQ_MISSION_MOD_45158635.jpg/330px-RAF_CONDUCTS_FIRST_AIR_STRIKES_OF_IRAQ_MISSION_MOD_45158635.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/RAF_CONDUCTS_FIRST_AIR_STRIKES_OF_IRAQ_MISSION_MOD_45158635.jpg/440px-RAF_CONDUCTS_FIRST_AIR_STRIKES_OF_IRAQ_MISSION_MOD_45158635.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2790" data-file-height="1860" /></a><figcaption>RAF <a href="/wiki/Panavia_Tornado" title="Panavia Tornado">Tornado GR4</a> over Iraq on an armed reconnaissance mission.</figcaption></figure> On 12 August 2014, the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> deployed six <a href="/wiki/Tornado_GR4" class="mw-redirect" title="Tornado GR4">Tornado GR4</a> <a href="/wiki/Attack_aircraft" title="Attack aircraft">strike aircraft</a> to <a href="/wiki/RAF_Akrotiri" title="RAF Akrotiri">RAF Akrotiri</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a> to help coordinate its humanitarian aid airdrops in Northern Iraq.<a href="#cite_note-272">[272]</a> On 16 August 2014, following the completion of humanitarian aid airdrops, the Tornado GR4s, along with an <a href="/wiki/RC-135_Rivet_Joint" class="mw-redirect" title="RC-135 Rivet Joint">RC-135 Rivet Joint</a> <a href="/wiki/Signals_intelligence" title="Signals intelligence">signals intelligence</a> aircraft, were re-tasked to provide aerial surveillance to coalition forces.<a href="#cite_note-RAFRivetJoint-273">[273]</a> In early September 2014, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">British Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/David_Cameron" title="David Cameron">David Cameron</a> began voicing his support for British airstrikes against ISIL in <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>.<a href="#cite_note-274">[274]</a> Weeks later, <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Parliament</a> was recalled and Members debated whether or not to authorise airstrikes. The seven-hour debate resulted in overwhelming support for airstrikes, with 524 votes in favour and 43 votes against.<a href="#cite_note-275">[275]</a> On 27 September 2014, the first armed sortie took place over <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>. A pair of Tornado GR4s left <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a> armed with laser-guided bombs, supported by a <a href="/wiki/Airbus_Voyager" class="mw-redirect" title="Airbus Voyager">Voyager</a> aerial refueling tanker. Ultimately, the aircraft did not locate any targets requiring immediate air attack and so gathered intelligence for coalition forces instead.<a href="#cite_note-firstUKsortie-276">[276]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a> (RAF) conducted its first airstrike on 30 September 2014. A pair of Tornado GR4s engaged an ISIL heavy weapon position and an armed pickup truck using a laser-guided bomb and air-to-surface missile.<a href="#cite_note-277">[277]</a> On 3 October 2014, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">RAF</a> deployed two additional Tornado aircraft to bring its deployed fleet up to eight aircraft.<a href="#cite_note-278">[278]</a> During the same month, it was also confirmed that the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> was involved in anti-ISIL operations in a support role, with air defence destroyer <a href="/wiki/HMS_Defender_(D36)" title="HMS Defender (D36)">HMS Defender</a> providing escort to <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">U.S. Navy</a> aircraft carrier <a href="/wiki/USS_George_H.W._Bush" title="USS George H.W. Bush">USS George H.W. Bush</a> as she launched aircraft into <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>.<a href="#cite_note-HMSDefenderISIL-279">[279]</a> <a href="/wiki/Nick_Clegg" title="Nick Clegg">Nick Clegg</a>, then <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Deputy Prime Minister</a>, also disclosed during an interview that there was a nuclear attack submarine armed with <a href="/wiki/Tomahawk_(missile_family)" title="Tomahawk (missile family)">Tomahawk cruise missiles</a> deployed to the region.<a href="#cite_note-280">[280]</a> On 16 October 2014, the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom)" title="Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)">Ministry of Defence</a> announced it would deploy <a href="/wiki/MQ-9_Reaper" class="mw-redirect" title="MQ-9 Reaper">MQ-9 Reaper</a> drones to assist with surveillance, although, <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Defence" title="Secretary of State for Defence">Defence Secretary</a> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Fallon" title="Michael Fallon">Michael Fallon</a> stated that the drones could also conduct airstrikes if required.<a href="#cite_note-281">[281]</a> The first Reaper drone strike occurred weeks later in <a href="/wiki/Bayji" class="mw-redirect" title="Bayji">Bayji</a>, north of <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a>, against a group of ISIL militants which had been laying improvised explosive devices.<a href="#cite_note-UKStrikeList-282">[282]</a> As of September 2015, a year after operations first began, more than 330 ISIL fighters had been killed by British airstrikes in <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>, without any civilian casualties.<a href="#cite_note-ISILDeaths-283">[283]</a><a href="#cite_note-ISILDeaths2-284">[284]</a> In addition to operations over <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> had also intervened in <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> by 21 October 2014, making it the first Western country, other than the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, to do so.<a href="#cite_note-UKinSyria-147">[147]</a> However, British aircraft were not permitted to carrying out airstrikes until <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Parliament</a> had voted to give its authorization. Despite this, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a> carried out a drone strike in Syria on 21 August 2015, against two UK-born ISIL fighters which had been plotting attacks against the United Kingdom. <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/David_Cameron" title="David Cameron">David Cameron</a> insisted that it was a lawful act of self-defense.<a href="#cite_note-285">[285]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Territoires_de_l%27Etat_islamique_juin_2015.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Territoires_de_l%27Etat_islamique_juin_2015.png/220px-Territoires_de_l%27Etat_islamique_juin_2015.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Territoires_de_l%27Etat_islamique_juin_2015.png/330px-Territoires_de_l%27Etat_islamique_juin_2015.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Territoires_de_l%27Etat_islamique_juin_2015.png/440px-Territoires_de_l%27Etat_islamique_juin_2015.png 2x" data-file-width="4501" data-file-height="3439" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant">ISIL</a>'s territory, in grey, at the time of its greatest territorial extent in May 2015</figcaption></figure> Since the authorization of airstrikes in <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>, Prime Minister David Cameron had made persistent calls for airstrikes in <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>; however, he affirmed that no airstrikes would take place until after a vote in Parliament.<a href="#cite_note-286">[286]</a> On 2 December 2015, following the <a href="/wiki/November_2015_Paris_attacks" title="November 2015 Paris attacks">November 2015 Paris attacks</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_2249" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 2249">United Nations Security Council Resolution 2249</a>, David Cameron opened a ten-hour debate in Parliament on Syrian airstrikes, which ended with a final vote. 397 <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of Parliament">MPs</a> voted in favour of airstrikes, whilst 223 voted against.<a href="#cite_note-UKSyriaFacts-287">[287]</a> Airstrikes commenced two hours after the vote, taking place in eastern Syria against the ISIL-held Oman oilfield.<a href="#cite_note-UKStrikeList-282">[282]</a> Defence Secretary Michael Fallon also subsequently announced that the UK's "strike force" based in <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a> would double, with the addition of six <a href="/wiki/Eurofighter_Typhoon" title="Eurofighter Typhoon">Eurofighter Typhoons</a> and two <a href="/wiki/Tornado_GR4" class="mw-redirect" title="Tornado GR4">Tornado GR4s</a>.<a href="#cite_note-UKSyriaFacts-287">[287]</a> In addition to airstrikes, the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> has also made significant contributions towards the coalition's <a href="/wiki/Intelligence,_surveillance,_target_acquisition,_and_reconnaissance" title="Intelligence, surveillance, target acquisition, and reconnaissance">ISTAR</a> capabilities. The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a> has deployed <a href="/wiki/Raytheon_Sentinel" title="Raytheon Sentinel">Sentinel R1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boeing_E-3_Sentry" title="Boeing E-3 Sentry">Sentry AEW1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boeing_RC-135" title="Boeing RC-135">RC-135W Rivet Joint</a> and <a href="/wiki/Beechcraft_Super_King_Air" title="Beechcraft Super King Air">Shadow R1</a> aircraft to gather surveillance, in addition to Tornado GR4 and MQ-9 Reaper strike aircraft. In September 2015, the United Kingdom was responsible for a third of all coalition surveillance flights over <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>, with the Tornado GR4s <a href="/wiki/RAPTOR" title="RAPTOR">RAPTOR</a> reconnaissance pod accounting for 60% of the coalition's entire tactical reconnaissance in Iraq alone.<a href="#cite_note-PodStats-288">[288]</a><a href="#cite_note-OpShaderMOD-289">[289]</a> In December 2016, the <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">Telegraph</a> reported that Secretary of State for Defence Sir Michael Fallon said "The <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a> have trained over 31,000 Iraqi and <a href="/wiki/Peshmerga" title="Peshmerga">Peshmerga</a> who are taking the fight to Daesh"<a href="#cite_note-telegraph1-290">[290]</a> It was also reported that the Royal Air Force is operating at its most intense for 25 years in a single theatre of operation which far outstripped the UK involvement in the <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a> and the <a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–present)">War in Afghanistan</a> (2001–2014), with RAF jets having dropped 11 times more bombs on <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> in the preceding 12 months than they had in the busiest year of action in <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> a decade previously.<a href="#cite_note-telegraph1-290">[290]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Canadian_airstrikes">Canadian airstrikes</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=War_against_the_Islamic_State&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Canadian airstrikes">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Operation_Impact" title="Operation Impact">Operation Impact</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> took part in airstrikes against ISIL from 2 November 2014 until 22 February 2016 when following the election of <a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Justin Trudeau</a> to Prime Minister withdrew its CF-18s fighter jets and ended all airstrikes in <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>.<a href="#cite_note-291">[291]</a> The Canadian contribution was code-named Operation Impact by the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_National_Defence_(Canada)" title="Department of National Defence (Canada)">Canadian Department of National Defence</a>.<a href="#cite_note-292">[292]</a><a href="#cite_note-293">[293]</a> Canadian aircraft left for the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a> to join in airstrikes on 21 October 2014. In total, six <a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_CF-18_Hornet" title="McDonnell Douglas CF-18 Hornet">CF-18</a> fighter jets, an <a href="/wiki/Airbus_CC-150_Polaris" title="Airbus CC-150 Polaris">Airbus CC-150 Polaris</a> air-to-air refueling tanker and two <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_CP-140_Aurora" title="Lockheed CP-140 Aurora">CP-140 Aurora</a> surveillance aircraft were sent, along with 700 military personnel. Canadian <a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_CF-18_Hornet" title="McDonnell Douglas CF-18 Hornet">CF-18</a> fighter jets completed their first operational flights departing from <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a> on 31 October.<a href="#cite_note-294">[294]</a> The first Canadian airstrikes began on 2 November.<a href="#cite_note-295">[295]</a> <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> also flew an extra CF-18 to Kuwait to be used as a spare if the need arises, however a maximum of six are authorized to fly with the coalition missions.<a href="#cite_note-296">[296]</a> On 4 November 2014, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Air_Force" title="Royal Canadian Air Force">Royal Canadian Air Force</a> CF-18s destroyed ISIL construction equipment using <a href="/wiki/GBU-12_Paveway_II" title="GBU-12 Paveway II">GBU-12 bombs</a>. The construction equipment was being used to divert the <a href="/wiki/Euphrates_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Euphrates River">Euphrates River</a> to deny villages water, and to flood roads, diverting traffic to areas with <a href="/wiki/Improvised_explosive_device" title="Improvised explosive device">IEDs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-297">[297]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Operation_Inherent_Resolve_150304-F-MG591-123.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Operation_Inherent_Resolve_150304-F-MG591-123.jpg/220px-Operation_Inherent_Resolve_150304-F-MG591-123.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Operation_Inherent_Resolve_150304-F-MG591-123.jpg/330px-Operation_Inherent_Resolve_150304-F-MG591-123.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Operation_Inherent_Resolve_150304-F-MG591-123.jpg/440px-Operation_Inherent_Resolve_150304-F-MG591-123.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4422" data-file-height="2587" /></a><figcaption>A CF-18 during <a href="/wiki/Operation_Impact" title="Operation Impact">Operation Impact</a></figcaption></figure> On 12 November 2014, Canadian jets destroyed ISIL artillery just outside the Northern Iraqi town of <a href="/wiki/Baiji,_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Baiji, Iraq">Baiji</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Vice-Canada-298">[298]</a> Airstrikes continued throughout December and into January, 2015, totaling 28 strike missions.<a href="#cite_note-torontostar1-299">[299]</a> It was then reported that Canadian special forces troops, which had been <a href="/wiki/Laser_designator" title="Laser designator">highlighting</a> targets for airstrikes, had engaged in fighting after coming under attack.<a href="#cite_note-torontostar1-299">[299]</a><a href="#cite_note-globemaila-300">[300]</a> On 19 January 2015, Canadian special operations forces came under ISIL attack for the first time in <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>, and returned sniper fire to "neutralize" the threat. <a href="/wiki/Canadians" title="Canadians">Canadians</a> are "enabling airstrikes from the ground," meaning they are actively finding targets for jets flying overhead.<a href="#cite_note-301">[301]</a> On 29 January 2015, Canadian special forces in <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> came under fire from ISIL forces, causing the Canadian troops to return fire, killing some ISIL militants.<a href="#cite_note-302">[302]</a> On 6 March, a Canadian soldier was killed in a <a href="/wiki/Friendly_fire" title="Friendly fire">friendly fire</a> incident by <a href="/wiki/Peshmerga" title="Peshmerga">Kurdish forces</a> while returning to an observation post.<a href="#cite_note-303">[303]</a> On 8 April 2015, two CF-18s carried out their first airstrike against ISIL in <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>, hitting one of the group's garrisons.<a href="#cite_note-304">[304]</a> From 2 Nov 2014 to 13 May 2015 the Canadian armed forces struck 80 ISIL fighting positions, 19 ISIL vehicles, and 10 storage facilities. On 21 October 2015, Canadian <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister-designate" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister-designate">Prime Minister-designate</a> <a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Justin Trudeau</a> informed <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">U.S. President</a> <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> that he intended to withdraw Canadian aircraft from operations over <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> but increase training missions on the ground.<a href="#cite_note-305">[305]</a><a href="#cite_note-306">[306]</a> On 8 February 2016, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Canada" title="Prime Minister of Canada">Canadian Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Justin Trudeau</a> announced that the CF-18s would be withdrawn from the bombing mission no later than 22 February 2016. However, the surveillance aircraft and air-to-air jet refueller would continue. In addition, the amount of training troops would triple.<a href="#cite_note-307">[307]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Canada" title="Government of Canada">Canadian Government</a> would extend the Operation until 31 March 2025.<a href="#cite_note-308">[308]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Dutch_airstrikes">Dutch airstrikes</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=War_against_the_Islamic_State&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Dutch airstrikes">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Dutch_war_against_ISIL" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch war against ISIL">Dutch war against ISIL</a></div> On 24 September 2014, the <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Netherlands" title="Politics of the Netherlands">Dutch government</a> announced its participation in "the military campaign" against ISIL which, as they claimed, had been started by the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, and sent six <a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics_F-16_Fighting_Falcon" title="General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon">F-16 fighter jets</a> to <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> to bomb ISIL. Their motivations to join this war: ISIL's advance in Iraq and <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>, while displaying "unprecedented violence" and "perpetrating terrible crimes against population groups", formed "a direct threat for that region"; ISIL's advance in Iraq and Syria "causes instability at the borders of <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>" which threatens "our own [Dutch] safety". Figures requested by <a href="/wiki/RTL_Nieuws" title="RTL Nieuws">RTL Nieuws</a> in August 2015 showed that the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> was among the most active countries within the coalition, third behind only the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>.<a href="#cite_note-309">[309]</a> In January 2016, the Netherlands extended their <a href="/wiki/Dutch_war_against_ISIL" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch war against ISIL">bombings of ISIL</a> to Syrian territory. By the end of July 2016 the Dutch Air Task Force flew more than 2100 missions and carried out over 1800 air strikes.<a href="#cite_note-310">[310]</a> At the end of the Dutch contribution to the Air Task Force, in December 2018, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Netherlands_Air_Force" title="Royal Netherlands Air Force">Royal Netherlands Air Force</a> had flown over 3000 missions and conducted approximately 2100 air strikes.<a href="#cite_note-311">[311]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Combined_Air_and_Space_Operations_Center_151007-F-MS415-015.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Combined_Air_and_Space_Operations_Center_151007-F-MS415-015.jpg/220px-Combined_Air_and_Space_Operations_Center_151007-F-MS415-015.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Combined_Air_and_Space_Operations_Center_151007-F-MS415-015.jpg/330px-Combined_Air_and_Space_Operations_Center_151007-F-MS415-015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Combined_Air_and_Space_Operations_Center_151007-F-MS415-015.jpg/440px-Combined_Air_and_Space_Operations_Center_151007-F-MS415-015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4256" data-file-height="2832" /></a><figcaption>Combined <a href="/wiki/Air_and_Space_Operations_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Air and Space Operations Center">Air and Space Operations Center</a> (CAOC) at <a href="/wiki/Al_Udeid_Air_Base" title="Al Udeid Air Base">Al Udeid Air Base</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a>, provides command and control of air power throughout Iraq and Syria.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="French_airstrikes">French airstrikes</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=War_against_the_Islamic_State&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: French airstrikes">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ration_Chammal" title="Opération Chammal">Opération Chammal</a></div> On 19 September 2014, the <a href="/wiki/French_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="French Air Force">French Air Force</a> used its <a href="/wiki/Dassault_Rafale" title="Dassault Rafale">Rafale jets</a> to conduct airstrikes on ISIL targets in <a href="/wiki/Mosul" title="Mosul">Mosul</a>. The airstrikes were approved by <a href="/wiki/President_of_France" title="President of France">French President</a> <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hollande" title="François Hollande">François Hollande</a>, which indicated that <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> was committed to fighting ISIL using air power alongside the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>.<a href="#cite_note-abcnews.go.com-312">[312]</a> Hollande mentioned that no ground troops would be used in the conflict. To conduct its airstrikes, France deployed 9 Rafale fighters to the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a>, 6 <a href="/wiki/Dassault_Mirage_2000" title="Dassault Mirage 2000">Dassault Mirage 2000</a> fighters to <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a>, in addition to an <a href="/wiki/Breguet_Atlantic" class="mw-redirect" title="Breguet Atlantic">Atlantique 2</a> maritime patrol aircraft, a <a href="/wiki/Boeing_E-3_Sentry" title="Boeing E-3 Sentry">Boeing E-3 Sentry</a> airborne early warning and control aircraft, and a <a href="/wiki/Boeing_KC-135_Stratotanker" title="Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker">Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker</a> aerial refueling tanker.<a href="#cite_note-CDGWithdrawn-313">[313]</a> On 23 February 2015, the <a href="/wiki/French_Navy" title="French Navy">French Navy</a> also deployed its <a href="/wiki/Force_d%27action_navale" class="mw-redirect" title="Force d'action navale">Task Force 473</a> carrier strike group to the <a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a> with the intent on conducting airstrikes from the aircraft carrier <a href="/wiki/French_aircraft_carrier_Charles_de_Gaulle" title="French aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle">Charles de Gaulle</a>. The Charles de Gaulle contributed 12 Rafale fighters, 9 <a href="/wiki/Dassault-Breguet_Super_%C3%89tendard" title="Dassault-Breguet Super Étendard">Dassault-Breguet Super Étendard</a> strike aircraft, and 2 <a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_E-2_Hawkeye" class="mw-redirect" title="Northrop Grumman E-2 Hawkeye">E-2C Hawkeye</a> airborne early warning and control aircraft. The task force also included the <a href="/wiki/French_frigate_Chevalier_Paul" title="French frigate Chevalier Paul">French frigate Chevalier Paul (D621)</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Rubis-class_submarine" title="Rubis-class submarine">Rubis-class submarine</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Durance-class_tanker" title="Durance-class tanker">Durance-class tanker</a>, and the British frigate <a href="/wiki/HMS_Kent_(F78)" title="HMS Kent (F78)">HMS Kent</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CDGDeployed-314">[314]</a> After eight weeks of operations, the task force left the Persian Gulf on its way to <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, heralding the end of its contribution to <a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ration_Chammal" title="Opération Chammal">Operation Chammal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CDGWithdrawn-313">[313]</a> On 5 November 2015, it was announced that the Charles de Gaulle would resume operations in <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> to fight ISIL.<a href="#cite_note-315">[315]</a> On 15 November 2015, after the <a href="/wiki/November_2015_Paris_attacks" title="November 2015 Paris attacks">November 2015 Paris attacks</a>, the <a href="/wiki/French_Air_and_Space_Force" title="French Air and Space Force">French Air Force</a> launched its largest airstrike of the bombing campaign sending 12 planes, including 10 fighters, that dropped 20 bombs in training camps and ammunition facilities in <a href="/wiki/Raqqa" title="Raqqa">Raqqa</a>, the de facto capital of ISIS.<a href="#cite_note-Airstrikes_against_ISIS-316">[316]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Jordanian_airstrikes">Jordanian airstrikes</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=War_against_the_Islamic_State&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Jordanian airstrikes">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Jordanian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Jordanian intervention in the Syrian Civil War">Jordanian intervention in the Syrian Civil War</a></div> After the downed Jordanian pilot <a href="/wiki/Muath_al-Kasasbeh" title="Muath al-Kasasbeh">Muath al-Kasasbeh</a> was executed by ISIL by being burned to death, <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_II_of_Jordan" title="Abdullah II of Jordan">King Abdullah II</a> vowed revenge and temporarily took the lead in the bombing raids on ISIL during February 2015. On 8 February, <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a> claimed that during the course of 3 days, from 5–7 February, their airstrikes alone had killed 7,000 ISIL militants in <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>, and also reportedly degraded 20% of the militant group's capability.<a href="#cite_note-ISIL_mauled_by_Jordanian_airstrikes-317">[317]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Moroccan_airstrikes">Moroccan airstrikes</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=War_against_the_Islamic_State&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Moroccan airstrikes">edit</a>]</div> In December 2014 <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a> sent 4 F-16s to bomb ISIL positions, initially in the outskirts of <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a> and other undisclosed locations.<a href="#cite_note-318">[318]</a> The planes operated under the command of the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">UAE</a> and suspended operations in February 2015.<a href="#cite_note-319">[319]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Turkish_contributions">Turkish contributions</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=War_against_the_Islamic_State&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Turkish contributions">edit</a>]</div> See overview in section <a href="/wiki/Turkey%E2%80%93ISIL_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkey–ISIL conflict">Turkish intervention</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iranian_intervention">Iranian intervention</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=War_against_the_Islamic_State&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Iranian intervention">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Iranian_intervention_in_Iraq_(2014%E2%80%93present)" title="Iranian intervention in Iraq (2014–present)">Iranian intervention in Iraq (2014–present)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iranian_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian involvement in the Syrian civil war">Iranian involvement in the Syrian civil war</a></div> In mid-June 2014, according to American and British sources, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> sent <a href="/wiki/Qasem_Soleimani" title="Qasem Soleimani">Qasem Soleimani</a>, commanding general of the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Revolutionary_Guard_Corps" title="Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps">Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps</a>' <a href="/wiki/Quds_Force" title="Quds Force">Quds Force</a> (IRGC-QF), to <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> to help the government organize against ISIL.<a href="#cite_note-320">[320]</a> Later that month Iran started flying drones over Iraq,<a href="#cite_note-NYT25-6-14-321">[321]</a> and by August, according to sources like <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>, Iranian soldiers were in Iraq fighting ISIL.<a href="#cite_note-Reut3-8-14-322">[322]</a> One war correspondent suggested that Iran "joined the air war" against ISIL on 21 June.<a href="#cite_note-323">[323]</a> In July, according to the <a href="/wiki/International_Institute_for_Strategic_Studies" title="International Institute for Strategic Studies">International Institute for Strategic Studies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> sent several <a href="/wiki/Sukhoi_Su-25" title="Sukhoi Su-25">Su-25</a> aircraft to <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>,<a href="#cite_note-bbc2Jul14-324">[324]</a> supported by Iranian/Iraqi ground crews trained in Iran.<a href="#cite_note-bi1-1">[1]</a> In early August, those Su-25s began combat against ISIL, according to <a href="/wiki/Business_Insider" title="Business Insider">Business Insider</a>.<a href="#cite_note-bi1-1">[1]</a> By September, according to <a href="/wiki/Business_Insider" title="Business Insider">Business Insider</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quds_Force" title="Quds Force">Iranian Quds Force</a> personnel were deployed to <a href="/wiki/Samarra" title="Samarra">Samarra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karbala" title="Karbala">Karbala</a>, and the abandoned <a href="/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces" title="United States Armed Forces">U.S. military</a> post formerly known as <a href="/wiki/COB_Speicher" class="mw-redirect" title="COB Speicher">Camp Speicher</a>.<a href="#cite_note-bi1-1">[1]</a> At the end of November 2014, an Israeli website claimed to have seen Iranian <a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_F-4_Phantom_II" title="McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II">F-4 Phantom II</a> jet-fighters bombing ISIL in eastern Iraq;<a href="#cite_note-325">[325]</a> a claim the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">U.S. army</a> verified.<a href="#cite_note-326">[326]</a> In March and May 2015, American commentators indicated <a href="/wiki/Qasem_Soleimani" title="Qasem Soleimani">Qasem Soleimani</a> was "leading Iraq's military strategy against ISIL".<a href="#cite_note-327">[327]</a><a href="#cite_note-328">[328]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hezbollah_intervention">Hezbollah intervention</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=War_against_the_Islamic_State&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Hezbollah intervention">edit</a>]</div> Already "for a long time" before June 2014, <a href="/wiki/Hezbollah" title="Hezbollah">Hezbollah</a> had a presence in <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> of advisers offering guidance to Shia fighters, according to a Hezbollah commander interviewed by <a href="/wiki/The_National_(Abu_Dhabi)" title="The National (Abu Dhabi)">The National</a>.<a href="#cite_note-aljaz.31Jul-329">[329]</a> In June 2014, <a href="/wiki/Hezbollah" title="Hezbollah">Hezbollah</a> reportedly set up a dedicated command center in <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a> to monitor developments in <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>.<a href="#cite_note-330">[330]</a> On 17 June, Hezbollah leader <a href="/wiki/Hassan_Nasrallah" title="Hassan Nasrallah">Hassan Nasrallah</a> said that the party was "ready to sacrifice martyrs in Iraq five times more than what we sacrificed in <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> in order to protect shrines."<a href="#cite_note-331">[331]</a> In July 2014, <a href="/wiki/Hezbollah" title="Hezbollah">Hezbollah</a> sent more technical trainers and advisers to <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>, to monitor ISIL's movements, according to a Hezbollah commander.<a href="#cite_note-aljaz.31Jul-329">[329]</a> Shortly thereafter, Hezbollah commander Ibrahim al-Hajj was reported killed in action near <a href="/wiki/Mosul" title="Mosul">Mosul</a>.<a href="#cite_note-aljaz.31Jul-329">[329]</a> An August <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a> story reported there were "dozens" of <a href="/wiki/Hezbollah" title="Hezbollah">Hezbollah</a> "battle-hardened <a href="/wiki/Veteran" title="Veteran">veterans</a>" in <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>, while the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Science_Monitor" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian Science Monitor">Christian Science Monitor</a> reported the party had deployed a 250-man unit "responsible for advising, training, and coordinating the Iraqi Shia militias."<a href="#cite_note-332">[332]</a><a href="#cite_note-reuir-333">[333]</a> In February 2015, Nasrallah confirmed that he had sent troops to fight in <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>.<a href="#cite_note-334">[334]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Libya">Libya</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=War_against_the_Islamic_State&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Libya">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Egyptian_airstrikes">Egyptian airstrikes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=War_against_the_Islamic_State&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Egyptian airstrikes">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/February_2015_Egyptian_airstrikes_in_Libya" title="February 2015 Egyptian airstrikes in Libya">February 2015 Egyptian airstrikes in Libya</a></div> After <a href="/wiki/2015_kidnapping_and_beheading_of_Copts_in_Libya" title="2015 kidnapping and beheading of Copts in Libya">ISIL killed 21 Egyptian Coptic Christians</a> in <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a>,<a href="#cite_note-aljaz-335">[335]</a> <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> conducted airstrikes on ISIL targets in Libya on 16 February 2015, killing a total of 64 ISIL militants (50 in <a href="/wiki/Derna,_Libya" title="Derna, Libya">Derna</a>).<a href="#cite_note-336">[336]</a> Warplanes acting under orders from the "official" <a href="/wiki/Government_of_National_Accord" title="Government of National Accord">Libyan government</a> also struck targets in Derna, reportedly in coordination with Egypt's airstrikes.<a href="#cite_note-Libya_syncs_airstrikes_with_Egypt-337">[337]</a> A Libyan official stated that more joint airstrikes would follow.<a href="#cite_note-Libya_syncs_airstrikes_with_Egypt-337">[337]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="U.S._surveillance_flights">U.S. surveillance flights</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=War_against_the_Islamic_State&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: U.S. surveillance flights">edit</a>]</div> Concern over ISIL activities in <a href="/wiki/Derna_District" title="Derna District">Derna District</a> in <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a> in December 2014 led to U.S. drones and electronic surveillance planes making "constant flights" from Italian bases, over the district of Derna.<a href="#cite_note-US_begins_surveillance_flights_in_Libya-338">[338]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="U.S._airstrikes_2">U.S. airstrikes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=War_against_the_Islamic_State&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: U.S. airstrikes">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sirte_(2016)" title="Battle of Sirte (2016)">Battle of Sirte (2016)</a> and <a href="/wiki/American_intervention_in_Libya_(2015%E2%80%932019)" class="mw-redirect" title="American intervention in Libya (2015–2019)">American intervention in Libya (2015–2019)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USS_Wasp_conducts_flight_operations._(29091917825).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/USS_Wasp_conducts_flight_operations._%2829091917825%29.jpg/220px-USS_Wasp_conducts_flight_operations._%2829091917825%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/USS_Wasp_conducts_flight_operations._%2829091917825%29.jpg/330px-USS_Wasp_conducts_flight_operations._%2829091917825%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/USS_Wasp_conducts_flight_operations._%2829091917825%29.jpg/440px-USS_Wasp_conducts_flight_operations._%2829091917825%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6016" data-file-height="4016" /></a><figcaption>An AV-8B Harrier assigned to the 22nd MEU aboard USS Wasp taking part in Operation Odyssey Lightning on 11 August 2016.</figcaption></figure> On 15 November 2015, the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> launched an airstrike in <a href="/wiki/Derna,_Libya" title="Derna, Libya">Derna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a>. Two U.S. F-15E fighter jets targeted senior ISIL leader <a href="/wiki/Abu_Nabil_al-Anbari" title="Abu Nabil al-Anbari">Abu Nabil al-Anbari</a> in the airstrike, who was the top ISIL commander in Libya.<a href="#cite_note-usairstrike2-339">[339]</a><a href="#cite_note-guardian-340">[340]</a> In January 2016, ISIL's Libyan faction confirmed Abu Nabil's death in a eulogy to him.<a href="#cite_note-eulogy-341">[341]</a> Administration officials are weighing a new campaign plan for <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a> that would deepen the United States' military and diplomatic involvement, on yet another front against ISIL. The <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and its allies are increasing reconnaissance flights and intelligence collecting there—and even preparing for possible airstrikes and raids, according to senior American officials. Special Operations forces have met with various Libyan groups over the past months to vet them for possible action against ISIL.<a href="#cite_note-The_New_York_Times-342">[342]</a> On 19 February 2016, US warplanes carried out an airstrike on multiple ISIL targets in Libya, hitting an Islamic State training camp and a senior extremist leader, the training camp was near <a href="/wiki/Sabratha" title="Sabratha">Sabratha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a>, 60 people were present at the camp at the time of the strike, more than 40 people were killed with more wounded, some critically, On 14 February 2016, a <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">U.N</a>.-designated council presented a new 18-member Libyan cabinet in the Moroccan city of <a href="/wiki/Skhirat" title="Skhirat">Skhirat</a>, weeks after an earlier lineup was rejected. The internationally recognized parliament has to endorse the new unity cabinet. If approved, the new unity government could eventually seek international military intervention against Islamic State extremists who have taken advantage of the country's political vacuum since 2014. On 1 August 2016, U.S. crewed and uncrewed aircraft carried out airstrikes on ISIL targets in <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a>, responding to the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">U.N</a>.-backed government's request to help <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sirte_(2016)" title="Battle of Sirte (2016)">push the militants from their stronghold of Sirte</a>, in what U.S. officials described as the start of a sustained campaign against the extremist group in the city. President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> authorized the airstrikes after a recommendation by <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">U.S. Secretary of Defense</a> <a href="/wiki/Ash_Carter" title="Ash Carter">Ash Carter</a>; the strikes hit an ISIL tank and two vehicles that posed a threat to forces aligned with Libyan GNA (<a href="/wiki/Government_of_National_Accord" title="Government of National Accord">Government of National Accord</a>). This was the third U.S. air strike against Islamic State militants in Libya, but this time U.S. officials said it marked the start of a sustained air campaign rather than another isolated strike, U.S. airstrikes will continue to target ISIL in <a href="/wiki/Sirte" title="Sirte">Sirte</a> in order to enable the GNA to make a decisive, strategic advance. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Africa_Command" title="United States Africa Command">U.S. AFRICOM</a> command is overseeing the US effort, which is known as Operation Odyssey Lightning, <a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_AV-8B_Harrier_II" title="McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II">AV-8B Harrier II</a> assigned to the <a href="/wiki/22nd_Marine_Expeditionary_Unit" title="22nd Marine Expeditionary Unit">22nd MEU</a> flying off <a href="/wiki/USS_Wasp_(LHD-1)" title="USS Wasp (LHD-1)">USS Wasp</a> conducted the airstrikes and uncrewed aircraft launched from undisclosed locations.<a href="#cite_note-343">[343]</a><a href="#cite_note-stars_and_stripes-344">[344]</a><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceC-345">[345]</a><a href="#cite_note-346">[346]</a><a href="#cite_note-347">[347]</a><a href="#cite_note-department_of_defence-348">[348]</a><a href="#cite_note-349">[349]</a><a href="#cite_note-military.com-350">[350]</a> Airstrikes continued, on 2 August, airstrikes hit a rocket launcher, an excavator and a pickup truck with a mounted recoilless rifle and on 3 August airstrikes struck a pickup truck with a mounted recoilless rifle; by 9 August the U.S. conducted 28 strikes against <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant_in_Libya" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant in Libya">ISIL in Libya</a>, with more than half of the strikes being conducted from uncrewed aircraft.<a href="#cite_note-stars_and_stripes-344">[344]</a><a href="#cite_note-department_of_defence-348">[348]</a> By 16 August, U.S. airstrikes hit an ISIL vehicle and 4 militant positions in Sirte, bringing the number of U.S. airstrikes in Libya to 48.<a href="#cite_note-351">[351]</a> On 17 August, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Africa_Command" title="United States Africa Command">U.S. Africa Command</a> officials announced on 16 August airstrikes on ISIL targets in Sirte struck 7 enemy fighting positions, 4 vehicle-borne bombs, 1 pickup truck with a mounted recoilless rifle, 12 enemy fighting positions and 1 command-and-control vehicle, bringing the total number of airstrikes in support of Operation Odyssey Lightning to 57.<a href="#cite_note-352">[352]</a> On 22 August, Stars and Stripes reported that U.S. Marine <a href="/wiki/AH-1W_SuperCobra" class="mw-redirect" title="AH-1W SuperCobra">AH-1W SuperCobra</a> helicopters participated in strikes against ISIL militants in Sirte on 20 and 21 August; a small detachment of US special forces in Sirte provided most of the targeting information for the airstrikes which were then relayed to U.S. forces through Libyan government troops.<a href="#cite_note-353">[353]</a> On 31 August, Stars and Stripes reported that in the past month, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces" title="United States Armed Forces">U.S. military</a> conducted 104 airstrikes against IS targets in Libya.<a href="#cite_note-354">[354]</a> On 22 September, Stars and Stripes reported that the pace of US airstrikes against IS militants in <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a> slowed in September as the number of insurgents holed up in a hard-to-target section of <a href="/wiki/Sirte" title="Sirte">Sirte</a> had shrunk, (the US conducted 50 airstrikes against IS targets, compared with 108 in August) with about 200 militants remaining.<a href="#cite_note-stripes1-355">[355]</a> On 28 September, <a href="/wiki/Fox_News" title="Fox News">Fox News</a> reported that as of 26 September, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">U.S. Marine Corps</a> Harrier jets and attack helicopters as well as drones conducted 175 airstrikes against ISIL in Libya, according to the U.S. military's Africa Command. According to a U.S. official the number of ISIL fighters in Sirte was estimated to be "under 100" and that "ISIS is only in three neighborhoods."<a href="#cite_note-356">[356]</a> On 3 October, Stars and Stripes reported that on 2 October the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">US</a> conducted 20 airstrikes (bringing the total number of strikes to 201) in <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a>: knocking out a command and control facility, nearly 70 IS fighting positions and several other sites in what was the heaviest day of bombing since the operation began, according to <a href="/wiki/United_States_Africa_Command" title="United States Africa Command">U.S. Africa Command</a> data. The strikes were in support of an offensive by ground forces aligned with the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_National_Accord" title="Government of National Accord">internationally backed Libyan government</a>.<a href="#cite_note-357">[357]</a> On 11 October, Stars and Stripes reported that U.S. warplanes conducted 51 airstrikes against ISIL targets in Libya, particularly in and around <a href="/wiki/Sirte" title="Sirte">Sirte</a>, between 7 and 10 October, marking it as some of the heaviest bombing since the start of the Operation; bringing the total number of U.S. airstrikes in Libya to 261.<a href="#cite_note-358">[358]</a> On 17 October, Fox News reported that US airstrikes against ISIS in Libya doubled in less than a month (bringing the number of airstrikes up to 324).<a href="#cite_note-359">[359]</a> On 21 October 2016, Stars and Stripes reported that USS San Antonio deployed to the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a> as part of Operation Odyssey Lightning to replace USS Wasp that was carrying out operations against ISIS. San Antonio will carry UH-1Y Hueys and AH-1W Cobras from the 22nd MEU's Aviation Combat Unit, <a href="/wiki/VMM-264" title="VMM-264">VMM-264</a>; Marine Harrier fighters were part of the operation aboard Wasp, however San Antonio does not host fighter jets.<a href="#cite_note-360">[360]</a> On 4 November 2016, Fox News reported that the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces" title="United States Armed Forces">U.S. military</a> ended its bombing campaign against ISIS in <a href="/wiki/Sirte" title="Sirte">Sirte</a> after three months of round-the-clock airstrikes the U.S. military conducted a total of 367 airstrikes since 1 August 2016, according to officials, no American airstrikes took place since 31 October; units taking part in the operation received orders on 1 November from <a href="/wiki/United_States_Africa_Command" title="United States Africa Command">AFRICOM</a> to end offensive and collective self-defence airstrikes. A senior defense official said the U.S. military would "continue to provide military support to the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_National_Accord" title="Government of National Accord">GNA</a> ... ISIL-held territory in Sirte is down to a few hundred square meters. We'll continue to discuss with the GNA leadership what additional support they may need moving forward including air strikes."<a href="#cite_note-361">[361]</a> Sirte was liberated by GNA forces in early December; on 20 December 2016, ABC news reported that AFRICOM said that it carried out 495 airstrikes against militant vehicles and positions in the former IS stronghold of <a href="/wiki/Sirte" title="Sirte">Sirte</a>,<a href="#cite_note-362">[362]</a> Operation Odyssey Lightning concluded on 19 December, following an announcement from the Libyan government of the end of offensive military operations in Sirte.<a href="#cite_note-363">[363]</a> On 18 January 2017, ABC News reported that two USAF <a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_B-2_Spirit" class="mw-redirect" title="Northrop Grumman B-2 Spirit">B-2 bombers</a> struck two ISIL camps 28 miles south of <a href="/wiki/Sirte" title="Sirte">Sirte</a>. The airstrikes targeted between 80 and 100 ISIS fighters in multiple camps, an uncrewed aircraft also participated in the airstrikes. One official called the airstrikes "a huge success," with more than 80 ISIL fighters killed, one counterterrorism official told ABC News there were "zero survivors" at the camps. Many of the ISIS fighters in the camps had fled Sirte during the battle, according to another official; Pentagon press secretary Peter Cook said in a statement ISIS fighters had fled to the remote desert camps "in order to reorganize and they posed a security threat to <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a>, the region, and U.S. national interests;" The militants were carrying weapons, wearing tactical vests and standing in formation. The airstrikes were authorised by President Obama and were carried out in coordination with GNA; they are considered to be an extension of Operation Odyssey Lightning.<a href="#cite_note-364">[364]</a> BBC News reported that the B-2s flew a round-trip of around 34 hours from <a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a> and dropped around 100 bombs on their targets, US Defence Secretary Ash Carter said those targeted were "actively planning" attacks in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>.<a href="#cite_note-365">[365]</a> NBC News later reported that the number of ISIL fighters killed was revised upward to 90; a U.S. defense official said that "This was the largest remaining ISIS presence in Libya," and that "They have been largely marginalised but I am hesitant to say they've been completely eliminated in Libya."<a href="#cite_note-366">[366]</a> On 22 September 2017, the US military conducted 6 airstrikes with unmanned aircraft on an ISI: camp 150 miles southeast of Sirte, killing 17 militants and destroying three vehicles. CNN reported an AFRICOM statement that the strikes took place "In coordination with <a href="/wiki/Government_of_National_Accord" title="Government of National Accord">Libya's Government of National Accord</a> and aligned forces" and that "The camp was used by ISIS to move fighters in and out of the country; stockpile weapons and equipment; and to plot and conduct attacks". The strikes marked the first time airstrikes had been carried out in the country under the Donald Trump administration.<a href="#cite_note-367">[367]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_actions">Other actions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=War_against_the_Islamic_State&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Other actions">edit</a>]</div> The U.S. military has been closely monitoring ISIL movements in <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a>, and small teams of U.S. military personnel moved in and out of the country over a period of months in early 2016. British, French, Italian and Jordanian special forces as well as the British RAF were also in Libya helping with aerial surveillance, mapping and intelligence gathering in several cities, including <a href="/wiki/Benghazi" title="Benghazi">Benghazi</a> in the east and <a href="/wiki/Zintan" title="Zintan">Zintan</a> in the west, according to two Libyan military officials who were coordinating with them.<a href="#cite_note-368">[368]</a><a href="#cite_note-369">[369]</a><a href="#cite_note-Middle_East_Eye-370">[370]</a> British and American special forces were also carrying out intelligence-gathering operations around <a href="/wiki/Sirte" title="Sirte">Sirte</a>.<a href="#cite_note-371">[371]</a> Since the beginning of 2016, British Special forces have been escorting teams of MI6 agents to meet with Libyan officials and organise the supplying weapons and training to the <a href="/wiki/Libyan_Army" title="Libyan Army">Libyan Army</a> and to militias fighting against ISIL.<a href="#cite_note-372">[372]</a><a href="#cite_note-373">[373]</a> On 27 February 2016, The Telegraph reported that British special forces had deployed alongside its U.S. counterparts in the city of <a href="/wiki/Misrata" title="Misrata">Misrata</a> to stop Islamist militants progress, their main role is to give tactical training to local militias and to build an army to fight ISIL.<a href="#cite_note-The_Telegraph-374">[374]</a> In May 2016, it was reported that British special forces engaged in frontline combat against ISIL in <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a>; in particular they destroyed two ISIL suicide vehicles that were targeting Libyan fighters. On 12 May, at the Shaddadah Bridge, 50 miles south of Misrata, the approach of a suicide vehicle sent Libyan forces fleeing in panic, British special forces intervened and destroyed the vehicle with a missile.<a href="#cite_note-375">[375]</a><a href="#cite_note-376">[376]</a> An estimated dozen U.S. special forces operated out of a base near Misrata and were in action near <a href="/wiki/Tripoli,_Libya" title="Tripoli, Libya">Tripoli</a>.<a href="#cite_note-377">[377]</a> In a plan disclosed in late 2015, <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">Britain</a> was to offer the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_National_Accord" title="Government of National Accord">Libyan government</a> 1,000 troops as part of a 5,000-strong combined with <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, to train and equip the Libyan forces rather than take part in frontline fighting.<a href="#cite_note-The_Telegraph-374">[374]</a> In addition, British defence minister Michael Fallon announced that Britain is sending 20 troops from the <a href="/wiki/4th_Infantry_Brigade_and_Headquarters_North_East" class="mw-redirect" title="4th Infantry Brigade and Headquarters North East">4th Infantry Brigade</a> to <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a> to help prevent Islamic State fighters from moving into the country from <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a>.<a href="#cite_note-378">[378]</a> In June 2016, it was reported that ISIL militants were <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sirte_(2016)" title="Battle of Sirte (2016)">retreating from Sirte</a> and some fighters reportedly cutting off their beards and long hair to blend in with civilians as militia fighters allied to the unity government pushed into the city in tanks and armed trucks. The militias, mostly from <a href="/wiki/Misrata" title="Misrata">Misrata</a>, are allied to and are the main fighting force for the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">U.N</a>.-brokered unity government installed in <a href="/wiki/Tripoli,_Libya" title="Tripoli, Libya">Tripoli</a> the previous year.<a href="#cite_note-379">[379]</a> On 11 June, the BBC reported that Libyan forces claimed they retook control of part of <a href="/wiki/Sirte" title="Sirte">Sirte</a> after fierce fighting against ISIL militants.<a href="#cite_note-380">[380]</a> In July 2016, <a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_United_Nations" title="Secretary-General of the United Nations">UN Secretary-General</a> <a href="/wiki/Ban_Ki-moon" title="Ban Ki-moon">Ban Ki-moon</a> said ISIL fighters in <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a> were facing the "distinct possibility" of defeat in their last stronghold and are likely to scatter elsewhere in the country and the region;<a href="#cite_note-military.com-350">[350]</a><a href="#cite_note-381">[381]</a> At the beginning of 2016, ISIL was believed to have more than 5,000 fighters in Libya, by August 2016, estimates said there could be less than 1,000 left,<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceC-345">[345]</a> and by 9 August, only 350 ISIL fighters remained alive in Sirte.<a href="#cite_note-stars_and_stripes-344">[344]</a> U.S. and British special forces were involved in the battle for Sirte: U.S. troops were operating out of a joint operations center on the city's outskirts, their role was limited to supporting forces unity government forces, providing direct, on-the-ground support.<a href="#cite_note-382">[382]</a> On 22 September, Stars and Stripes reported that Since the start of the battle, many ISIL members fled the city, "looking to hide among the population, relocate to other Libyan towns or attempting to leave Libya altogether."<a href="#cite_note-stripes1-355">[355]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=War_against_the_Islamic_State&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Afghanistan">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State%E2%80%93Taliban_conflict" title="Islamic State–Taliban conflict">Islamic State–Taliban conflict</a></div> The BBC reported that ISIL's announcement of the establishment of its <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>/<a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>-based <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant_%E2%80%93_Khorasan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant – Khorasan Province">Khorasan Province (ISIL-KP)</a> in January 2015, it was the first time that ISIL had officially spread outside the <a href="/wiki/Arab_world" title="Arab world">Arab world</a>. Within weeks, the group appeared in at least five provinces in <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>: <a href="/wiki/Helmand_Province" title="Helmand Province">Helmand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zabul_Province" title="Zabul Province">Zabul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Farah_Province" title="Farah Province">Farah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Logar_Province" title="Logar Province">Logar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nangarhar_Province" title="Nangarhar Province">Nangarhar</a>-trying to establish pockets of territory from which to expand. In the first half of 2015, <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant_%E2%80%93_Khorasan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant – Khorasan Province">ISIL-KP</a> managed to capture large parts of territory in eastern Nangarhar province. This became the de facto "capital" principally for two reasons: its proximity to the tribal areas of Pakistan, home of ISIL-KP's top leaders; and the presence of some people who follow a similar <a href="/wiki/Salafi_jihadism" title="Salafi jihadism">Salafi</a>/<a href="/wiki/Wahhabism" title="Wahhabism">Wahhabi</a> interpretation of <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> to ISIL. ISIL-KP is also trying to get a foothold in northern Afghanistan, where it aims to link up with Central Asian, Chechen and Chinese <a href="/wiki/Uyghurs" title="Uyghurs">Uighur</a> militants; IS's numerical strength inside Afghanistan vary, ranging from 1,000 to 5,000.<a href="#cite_note-auto2-383">[383]</a> In February 2015, ISIL-KP deputy commander <a href="/wiki/Mullah_Abdul_Rauf_Khadim" class="mw-redirect" title="Mullah Abdul Rauf Khadim">Mullah Abdul Rauf Khadim</a> was killed in a U.S. drone strike along with 5 others, his successor met the same fate a month later, and since then, the Islamic State has been absent from the southern <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BBC31290147-384">[384]</a><a href="#cite_note-385">[385]</a> A report says that, according to a <a href="/wiki/Tehrik-i-Taliban_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan">Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP)</a> spokesperson, in July 2015, a U.S. drone strike killed Shahidullah Shadid, a senior leader of <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant_%E2%80%93_Khorasan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant – Khorasan Province">ISIL-KP</a> and 24 other militants, in <a href="/wiki/Nangarhar_Province" title="Nangarhar Province">Nangarhar province</a> in <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-386">[386]</a> In January 2016, President Obama sent a directive to the Pentagon to make it easier for the military to get approval for strikes in <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>, targeting militias that have sworn allegiance to ISIL.<a href="#cite_note-387">[387]</a> For 3 weeks in that month, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces" title="United States Armed Forces">United States military</a> carried out at least a dozen operations, including commando raids and airstrikes, many of these raids and strikes taking place in the <a href="/wiki/Tora_Bora" title="Tora Bora">Tora Bora</a> region of <a href="/wiki/Nangarhar_Province" title="Nangarhar Province">Nangarhar Province</a>. American commanders in Afghanistan said they believed that between 90 and 100 ISIL militants had been killed in these recent operations.<a href="#cite_note-The_New_York_Times-342">[342]</a> On 1 February 2016, U.S. airstrikes in Nangarhar province eastern Afghanistan killed 29 ISIL fighters and struck the terrorist group's FM radio station.<a href="#cite_note-388">[388]</a> On 21 February, it was reported that just over a week before, Afghan forces supported by U.S. airstrikes pushed ISIL militants out of their stronghold in Nangarhar province in a military operation that had killed a total 43 ISIL militants by 22 February.<a href="#cite_note-389">[389]</a><a href="#cite_note-390">[390]</a><a href="#cite_note-391">[391]</a> On 6 March 2016, Afghanistan's president announced that the ISIL-KP had been defeated in the eastern parts of the country, Afghan forces claimed victory following the 21-day operation in 2 districts in Nangarhar province, claiming at least 200 militants killed.<a href="#cite_note-392">[392]</a> following this operation, an official confirmed that ISIL-KP militants had moved into <a href="/wiki/Kunduz_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Kunduz province">Kunduz province</a> and into <a href="/wiki/Kunar_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Kunar province">Kunar province</a>.<a href="#cite_note-393">[393]</a><a href="#cite_note-394">[394]</a> In early April 2016, it was reported that US and Afghan forces had killed 1,979 suspected militants, 736 others wounded and 965 detained between April 2015 and March 2016, ISIS militants have also been trying to flee into <a href="/wiki/Ghazni_Province" title="Ghazni Province">Ghazni</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nuristan_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuristan province">Nuristan province</a>, whilst there has been a rise in defections from the group to the government and the <a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a>.<a href="#cite_note-395">[395]</a><a href="#cite_note-US_department_of_defence-396">[396]</a> U.S. commanders in <a href="/wiki/Kabul" title="Kabul">Kabul</a> have scaled back their threat assessment for ISIL-KP, since January, the U.S. and its allies launched between 70 and 80 airstrikes on ISIL militants in <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-397">[397]</a> In late June 2016, IS militants attacked police checkpoints in the Kot area of <a href="/wiki/Nangarhar_Province" title="Nangarhar Province">Nangarhar province</a> and heavy fighting ensued, as many as 36 IS militants were killed in the assaults, at least a dozen Afghan security forces and civilians were killed, with another 18 wounded. The latest attacks indicate the group remains a potent threat to a government.<a href="#cite_note-398">[398]</a><a href="#cite_note-399">[399]</a> On 8 July 2016, The Guardian reported that Prime minister David Cameron increased the number of British troops deployed to <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> from 450 to 500, and that 21 of these additional troops would reinforce the counter-terrorism mission.<a href="#cite_note-400">[400]</a> On 23 July 2016, following the <a href="/wiki/July_2016_Kabul_bombing" title="July 2016 Kabul bombing">Kabul bombing</a>, Afghan forces and U.S. special forces backed by U.S. airstrikes began an operation to retake parts on <a href="/wiki/Nangarhar_Province" title="Nangarhar Province">Nangarhar province</a> from ISIL-KP militants. Over 24 and 25 July whilst clearing areas of southern Nangarhar with Afghan special operations troops, 5 <a href="/wiki/United_States_special_operations_forces" title="United States special operations forces">U.S. special forces</a> troops were wounded by small arms fire or shrapnel, making it the first reported instance of U.S. troops being wounded in fighting ISIL in <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>. On 26 July, one of the most important leaders of ISIL in the region and one of the founders of the ISIL-KP, Saad Emarati, was killed along with 120 other suspected militants in <a href="/wiki/Kot_District" title="Kot District">Kot District</a>, Afghan troops pushed into Kot District, meeting little resistance due to heavy air and artillery bombardment that forced ISIL fighters to flee into nearby mountain areas, Afghan forces found an already destroyed training camp. Overall, the operation reclaimed large and significant parts of eastern Afghanistan, forcing ISIL militants back into the mountains of southern Nangarhar with hundreds of IS militants killed; the estimated size of the ISIL-KP in January 2016 was around 3,000, but by July 2016 the number has been reduced to closely 1,000 to 1,500, with 70% of its fighters come from the TTP. In the operation, Afghan forces, backed by the US, killed an estimated 300 ISIS fighters.<a href="#cite_note-401">[401]</a><a href="#cite_note-402">[402]</a><a href="#cite_note-403">[403]</a><a href="#cite_note-404">[404]</a><a href="#cite_note-405">[405]</a><a href="#cite_note-the_guardian-406">[406]</a> Between January and early August 2016, U.S. aircraft conducted nearly 140 airstrikes against ISIL targets in <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>, according to the U.S. military.<a href="#cite_note-the_guardian-406">[406]</a> On 4 October 2016, a US soldier from B Company, 2nd Battalion, <a href="/wiki/10th_Special_Forces_Group_(United_States)" title="10th Special Forces Group (United States)">10th SFG</a> was killed by a roadside bomb blast in <a href="/wiki/Achin_District" title="Achin District">Achin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nangarhar_Province" title="Nangarhar Province">Nangarhar province</a>, he was on a patrol with Afghan forces during an operation against ISIL-KP militants.<a href="#cite_note-407">[407]</a> This marked the first time a U.S. serviceman was killed in combat against IS militants in the country.<a href="#cite_note-408">[408]</a> On 24 December 2016, Military.com reported that Brigadier General <a href="/wiki/Charles_T._Cleveland" title="Charles T. Cleveland">Charles Cleveland</a> said that ISIL-KP's presence in the country has been pushed back from nearly a dozen districts to just two or three, the number of its members in <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> had been reduced to about 1,000 from an estimated strength of between 1,500 and 3,000 members the previous year. Overall, U.S. troops in Afghanistan conducted more than 350 operations against the IS and al-Qaeda this year. In early December, General <a href="/wiki/John_W._Nicholson_Jr." title="John W. Nicholson Jr.">John Nicholson</a>, the international coalition's top military commander in Afghanistan, said U.S.-led counter-terrorism operations and <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Afghanistan" title="Politics of Afghanistan">Afghan government</a> forces had killed 12 of the organization's top leaders in the country. U.S. officials have said IS fighters are primarily located in <a href="/wiki/Nangarhar_Province" title="Nangarhar Province">Nangarhar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kunar_Province" title="Kunar Province">Kunar</a> Province's.<a href="#cite_note-409">[409]</a> Military.com reported that Nicholson estimated that his forces had killed about 500 ISIS fighters throughout 2016 (including the 12 most senior leaders), these losses accounted for about 25 to 30% of ISIL-KP's total number of fighters and reduced its foothold in the country from 9 districts to 3.<a href="#cite_note-Military_Times-410">[410]</a> In February 2017, the Washington Post reported that U.S. forces conducted more than 1,000 strikes in <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> in 2016, including 267 against IS-K and 57 targeted al-Qaeda.<a href="#cite_note-411">[411]</a> The BBC also reported that ISIL-KP has largely been eliminated from southern and western Afghanistan by the <a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Afghan Taliban</a> and military operations conducted by Afghan and US/<a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> forces. Several hundred ISIL-KP fighters have been killed in clashes with the Afghan Taliban.<a href="#cite_note-auto2-383">[383]</a> In early April 2017, the Washington Post reported that Captain Bill Salvin, a spokesman for NATOs' mission to <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> that Afghan and international forces have reduced ISIL-KP controlled territory in Afghanistan by two-thirds and killed around half of their fighters in the previous 2 years. Since the beginning of 2017, there have been 460 airstrikes against terrorists (with drone strikes alone killing more than 200 IS militants); he added that the affiliate has an estimated 600 to 800 fighters in two eastern <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Afghanistan" title="Provinces of Afghanistan">Afghan provinces</a>.<a href="#cite_note-412">[412]</a> The Army Times reported that in early March 2017, American and Afghan forces launched Operation Hamza to "flush" ISIL-KP from its stronghold in eastern <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>, engaging in regular ground battles.<a href="#cite_note-413">[413]</a> Stars and Stripes reported that General Dawlat Waziri, spokesman for Afghanistan's Defense Ministry, said that for four weeks before the 13 April <a href="/wiki/Nangarhar_Province" title="Nangarhar Province">Nangarhar</a> airstrike (which was part of the operation), Afghan special forces unsuccessfully attempted to penetrate the area because of the difficult terrain and <a href="/wiki/Improvised_explosive_device" title="Improvised explosive device">improvised explosive device</a> (IEDs) planted by ISIL-KP militants.<a href="#cite_note-auto3-414">[414]</a> On 13 April, the <a href="/wiki/2017_Nangarhar_airstrike" title="2017 Nangarhar airstrike">Nangarhar airstrike</a> took place, Stars and Stripes reported that 94 ISIL-KP militants, including 4 commanders were killed by a <a href="/wiki/GBU-43/B_Massive_Ordnance_Air_Blast" class="mw-redirect" title="GBU-43/B Massive Ordnance Air Blast">GBU-43/B MOAB</a> bomb that was dropped on an ISIS tunnel complex in <a href="/wiki/Achin_District" title="Achin District">Achin District</a>;<a href="#cite_note-auto3-414">[414]</a> the Huffington Post reported that the bomb was dropped from a U.S.<a href="/wiki/Lockheed_MC-130" title="Lockheed MC-130">Lockheed MC-130</a>.<a href="#cite_note-415">[415]</a> In late April Military Times reported that Captain Bill Salvin said an estimated 400 to 700 fighters are active throughout Nangarhar and <a href="/wiki/Kunar_Province" title="Kunar Province">Kunar</a> provinces.<a href="#cite_note-Military_Times-410">[410]</a> Sky News reported on 3 September 2018 that British special forces were also targeting IS-K in <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> alongside US special forces.<a href="#cite_note-416">[416]</a> On 19 November 2019, Stars and Stripes reported that 243 ISIS fighters and nearly 400 family members surrendered to government forces in <a href="/wiki/Nangarhar_Province" title="Nangarhar Province">Nangarhar Province</a> during the previous two weeks. <a href="/wiki/President_of_Afghanistan" title="President of Afghanistan">Afghan President</a> <a href="/wiki/Ashraf_Ghani" title="Ashraf Ghani">Ashraf Ghani</a> declared that "the result is Daesh's backbone was broken".<a href="#cite_note-417">[417]</a> On 26 August 2021 during the American evacuation from Afghanistan, a member of IS-K <a href="/wiki/Kabul_airport_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Kabul airport attack">detonated a bomb</a> near a gate at <a href="/wiki/Kabul_International_Airport" title="Kabul International Airport">Kabul International Airport</a>, killing at least 183 civilians and 13 US soldiers.<a href="#cite_note-418">[418]</a> In the immediate aftermath of the attack, the US conducted a retaliatory strike on a vehicle in Nangarhar province which was believed to be carrying "high-profile ISIS targets" and "planners and facilitators."<a href="#cite_note-419">[419]</a> Two days later, a US drone strike targeted what was believed to be a member of IS-K planning an attack, killing 10 civilians, including 7 children. The Pentagon later called the strike "an honest mistake" and announced that none of the military personnel involved would be subject to any disciplinary actions.<a href="#cite_note-420">[420]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Boko_Haram-ISWAP_insurgency">Boko Haram-ISWAP insurgency</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=War_against_the_Islamic_State&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Boko Haram-ISWAP insurgency">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram_insurgency" title="Boko Haram insurgency">Boko Haram insurgency</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="U.S._intervention_in_Cameroon">U.S. intervention in Cameroon</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=War_against_the_Islamic_State&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: U.S. intervention in Cameroon">edit</a>]</div> In October 2015, with the approval of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Cameroon" title="Government of Cameroon">Cameroonian government</a>, the U.S. military <a href="/wiki/American_military_intervention_in_Cameroon" class="mw-redirect" title="American military intervention in Cameroon">deployed 300 personnel to Cameroon</a>, their primary missions will revolve around providing intelligence support to local forces as well as conducting reconnaissance flights.<a href="#cite_note-421">[421]</a><a href="#cite_note-422">[422]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_Philippines">The Philippines</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=War_against_the_Islamic_State&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: The Philippines">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Philippines_and_the_Islamic_State" title="Philippines and the Islamic State">Philippines and the Islamic State</a> and <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Marawi" title="Siege of Marawi">Siege of Marawi</a></div> On 1 September 2017, the US Secretary of Defence Mattis designated Operation Pacific Eagle – Philippines (OPE-P) as a contingency operation to support the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Philippines" title="Government of the Philippines">Philippine government</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_the_Philippines" title="Armed Forces of the Philippines">Armed Forces of the Philippines</a> in their efforts to isolate, degrade, and defeat the affiliates of ISIS (collectively referred to as ISIS-Philippines or ISIS-P) and other terrorist organisations in the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>.<a href="#cite_note-423">[423]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Maghreb_and_Sahel">Maghreb and Sahel</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=War_against_the_Islamic_State&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Maghreb and Sahel">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_the_Maghreb_(2002%E2%80%93present)" title="Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)">Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Islamist_insurgency_in_the_Sahel" title="Islamist insurgency in the Sahel">Islamist insurgency in the Sahel</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mali">Mali</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=War_against_the_Islamic_State&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Mali">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Mali_War" title="Mali War">Mali War</a> and <a href="/wiki/Operation_Barkhane" title="Operation Barkhane">Operation Barkhane</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Niger">Niger</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=War_against_the_Islamic_State&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Niger">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Jihadist_insurgency_in_Niger" title="Jihadist insurgency in Niger">Jihadist insurgency in Niger</a> and <a href="/wiki/American_military_intervention_in_Niger" class="mw-redirect" title="American military intervention in Niger">American military intervention in Niger</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Burkina_Faso">Burkina Faso</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=War_against_the_Islamic_State&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Burkina Faso">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Jihadist_insurgency_in_Burkina_Faso" class="mw-redirect" title="Jihadist insurgency in Burkina Faso">Jihadist insurgency in Burkina Faso</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Yemen">Yemen</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=War_against_the_Islamic_State&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Yemen">edit</a>]</div> CNN reported that on 16 October 2017, US forces conducted airstrikes against two ISIL training camps located in <a href="/wiki/Al_Bayda_Governorate" title="Al Bayda Governorate">al Bayda Governorate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a>, containing an estimated 50 fighters; a US defence official said that this is the first U.S. strike specifically targeting ISIL in Yemen,<a href="#cite_note-424">[424]</a> the strike disrupted the group's attempts to train more fighters. CNN reported that on 23 October that two U.S. airstrikes in al Bayda Governorate, the first strike killed 7 ISIL terrorists travelling in pickup trucks, a second strike (5 miles west) killed a further 2 ISIL terrorists.<a href="#cite_note-425">[425]</a> Military Times reported that on 25 October, two US airstrikes in al-Bayda Governorate killed 9 ISIL fighters, a CENTCOM statement said that "In the last ten days, U.S. forces have targeted and killed approximately 60 ISIS terrorists in Yemen." Maher Farrukh, an al-Qaida analyst for the Critical Threats Project at the American Enterprise Institute said that "<a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_in_the_Arabian_Peninsula" title="Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula">AQAP</a> and ISIS cooperate on a tactical level in central Yemen against al <a href="/wiki/Houthis" class="mw-redirect" title="Houthis">Houthi</a>-<a href="/wiki/Ali_Abdullah_Saleh" title="Ali Abdullah Saleh">Saleh</a> forces, they often co-claim attacks and likely share some militants," and that "ISIS' continued presence in Yemen is likely sustained by its cooperation with AQAP, but it does not appear to be growing at this time."<a href="#cite_note-426">[426]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_the_Gaza_Strip">In the Gaza Strip</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=War_against_the_Islamic_State&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: In the Gaza Strip">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Before_the_separation_of_ISIS_from_al-Qaeda">Before the separation of ISIS from al-Qaeda</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=War_against_the_Islamic_State&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: Before the separation of ISIS from al-Qaeda">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rafah_(2009)" title="Battle of Rafah (2009)">Battle of Rafah (2009)</a></div> The <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Emirate_of_Rafah" title="Islamic Emirate of Rafah">Islamic Emirate of Rafah</a> (<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%AD_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9#:~:text=إمارة_رفح_الإسلامية_كانت_دولة,من_سيطرة_حماس_على_غزة." class="extiw" title="ar:إمارة رفح الإسلامية">Arabic Wikipedia</a>) was a short-lived militant state established by the <a href="/wiki/Jund_Ansar_Allah" title="Jund Ansar Allah">Jund Ansar Allah</a>, an Islamist group, in the town of Rafah in the Gaza Strip. It was declared on 14 August 2009, by <a href="/wiki/Abdel_Latif_Moussa" title="Abdel Latif Moussa">Abdul Latif Moussa</a>, also known as <a href="/wiki/Abu_Noor_al-Maqdisi" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Noor al-Maqdisi">Abu Noor al-Maqdisi</a>, during a sermon at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Taymiyyah_Mosque&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibn Taymiyyah Mosque (page does not exist)">Ibn Taymiyyah Mosque</a>. The emirate aimed to impose strict Islamic law and was aligned with the ideology of <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">al-Qaeda</a> and is believed to have been aided by ISIS.<a href="#cite_note-427">[427]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jund_Ansar_Allah" title="Jund Ansar Allah">Jund Ansar Allah</a>, translated as "Soldiers of the Followers of God," was founded by Abdul Latif Moussa in 2008. The group quickly garnered attention due to its extreme interpretation of Islam and its opposition to the ruling <a href="/wiki/Hamas_government_in_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Hamas government in the Gaza Strip">Hamas government in the Gaza Strip</a> (known locally as the Palestinian Government in Gaza or Palestinian Authority in Gaza). Tensions between Jund Ansar Allah and Hamas escalated when Moussa declared the establishment of the Islamic Emirate of Rafah, challenging Hamas's authority.<a href="#cite_note-428">[428]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] The proclamation of the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Emirate_of_Rafah" title="Islamic Emirate of Rafah">Islamic Emirate of Rafah</a> was seen as a direct threat to the Hamas government, which had been the de facto authority in <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gaza_(2007)" title="Battle of Gaza (2007)">Gaza since 2007</a> (after winning the <a href="/wiki/2006_Palestinian_legislative_election" title="2006 Palestinian legislative election">2006 Palestinian legislative election</a> but losing control of the West Bank Region in <a href="/wiki/Fatah%E2%80%93Hamas_conflict" title="Fatah–Hamas conflict">subsequent conflict</a>). In response, Hamas launched a military operation against Jund Ansarf Allah. The confrontation culminated in a fierce battle at the Ibn Taymiyyah Mosque, where Abdul Latif Moussa and several of his followers were killed many of whom were either Isis operatives. The emirate was dismantled, and Hamas reasserted its control over Rafah.<a href="#cite_note-429">[429]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Palestinians_in_the_Syrian_civil_war">Palestinians in the Syrian civil war</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=War_against_the_Islamic_State&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: Palestinians in the Syrian civil war">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sectarianism_and_minorities_in_the_Syrian_civil_war#Palestinians" title="Sectarianism and minorities in the Syrian civil war">Sectarianism and minorities in the Syrian civil war § Palestinians</a></div> In 2012 Hamas publicly turned against the <a href="/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad" title="Bashar al-Assad">Assad</a> <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Syria" title="Government of Syria">government</a> and endorsed the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_opposition" title="Syrian opposition">Syrian opposition</a> who were attempting to overthrow him.<a href="#cite_note-Haniyeh_Cairo-430">[430]</a> In a speech in Cairo, when <a href="/wiki/Ismail_Haniyeh" title="Ismail Haniyeh">Ismail Haniyeh</a> was visiting from the Gaza Strip, he said, "I salute all the nations of the <a href="/wiki/Arab_Spring" title="Arab Spring">Arab Spring</a> and I salute the heroic people of Syria who are striving for freedom, democracy, and reform".<a href="#cite_note-Haniyeh_Cairo-430">[430]</a> Government and opposition forces later both fought against ISIS in <a href="/wiki/List_of_armed_factions_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War#Opposing_forces" title="List of armed factions in the Syrian Civil War">a multi sided conflict</a>.<a href="#cite_note-431">[431]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] This also put Hamas on a different side of the conflict to Iran, who Netanyahu also claims resemble to ISIS.<a href="#cite_note-432">[432]</a><a href="#cite_note-972_concocting-433">[433]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a> and insurgency included <a href="/wiki/Aknaf_Bait_al-Maqdis" title="Aknaf Bait al-Maqdis">Aknaf Bait al-Maqdis</a> (Arabic: أكناف بيت المقدس "The environs of Jerusalem", Full name: كتائب أكناف بيت المقدس على أرض الشام "Aknaf Beit al-Maqdis Brigades on the Land of the Levant"),<a href="#cite_note-Watan_-_ABM-434">[434]</a><a href="#cite_note-Homepage_of_ABM-435">[435]</a> a Palestinian militant group in the <a href="/wiki/Yarmouk_Camp" title="Yarmouk Camp">Yarmouk Camp</a> in <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Watan_-_ABM-434">[434]</a> with ambiguous connections to Hamas.<a href="#cite_note-Arabi21_ABM-436">[436]</a> The group fought against ISIS and against Assad government forces in the <a href="/wiki/Yarmouk_Camp" title="Yarmouk Camp">Yarmouk Camp</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Watan_-_ABM-434">[434]</a> Some sources say Hamas deny being connected to the group.<a href="#cite_note-437">[437]</a> Violence in <a href="/wiki/Yarmouk_Camp" title="Yarmouk Camp">Yarmouk Camp</a> first erupted in 2012.<a href="#cite_note-UNWRA_Yarmouk_2015-438">[438]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Yarmouk_Camp_(2015)" title="Battle of Yarmouk Camp (2015)">2015, ISIS attacked</a> the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_refugee_camps" title="Palestinian refugee camps">Palestinian refugee camp</a> at <a href="/wiki/Yarmouk_Camp" title="Yarmouk Camp">Yarmouk</a> on the outskirts of <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-UNWRA_Yarmouk_2015-438">[438]</a> <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Yarmouk_Camp_(2018)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Yarmouk Camp (2018)">ISIS attacked Yarmouk again in 2018</a>.<a href="#cite_note-wafa_Yarmouk-439">[439]</a> Some PLO factions were involved in the fighting.<a href="#cite_note-wafa_Yarmouk-439">[439]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">al-Qaeda</a> splinter group <a href="/wiki/Tahrir_al-Sham" title="Tahrir al-Sham">Tahrir al-Sham</a> was involved.<a href="#cite_note-AA_Tahrir_al-Sham-440">[440]</a><a href="#cite_note-441">[441]</a><a href="#cite_note-442">[442]</a> As of 2021, 160,000 were still displaced.<a href="#cite_note-AJ_Yarmouk_2021-443">[443]</a><a href="#cite_note-444">[444]</a> The violence in the Yarmouk camp made the Assad government very unpopular in Palestine.<a href="#cite_note-445">[445]</a><a href="#cite_note-446">[446]</a><a href="#cite_note-447">[447]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hamas–ISIS_conflict">Hamas–ISIS conflict</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=War_against_the_Islamic_State&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: Hamas–ISIS conflict">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Islamist_anti-Hamas_groups_in_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Islamist anti-Hamas groups in the Gaza Strip">Islamist anti-Hamas groups in the Gaza Strip</a></div> Hamas have a history of violently suppressing <a href="/wiki/Islamist_anti-Hamas_groups_in_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Islamist anti-Hamas groups in the Gaza Strip">Islamic extremists in the Gaza Strip</a>. They have particularly clashed with supporters of <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">Al-Qaeda</a> and <a href="/wiki/ISIS" class="mw-redirect" title="ISIS">ISIS</a>, and groups who conducted attacks against <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Christians" title="Palestinian Christians">Palestinian Christians</a> or <a href="/wiki/Islamism_in_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Islamism in the Gaza Strip">other targets in the Gaza Strip</a>.<a href="#cite_note-448">[448]</a> In <a href="/wiki/2009_in_the_Palestinian_territories" title="2009 in the Palestinian territories">2009</a>, Hamas security forces <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rafah_(2009)" title="Battle of Rafah (2009)">eliminated</a> a small group of <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">Al-Qaeda</a> sympathisers who established the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Emirate_of_Rafah" title="Islamic Emirate of Rafah">Islamic Emirate of Rafah</a>.<a href="#cite_note-449">[449]</a><a href="#cite_note-450">[450]</a><a href="#cite_note-451">[451]</a><a href="#cite_note-452">[452]</a><a href="#cite_note-453">[453]</a><a href="#cite_note-454">[454]</a><a href="#cite_note-455">[455]</a> ISIS arose in the <a href="/wiki/Rubble" title="Rubble">rubble</a> of the <a href="/wiki/2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="2003 invasion of Iraq">2003 United States-led invasion of Iraq</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a> (<a href="/wiki/2011_in_Syria" title="2011 in Syria">2011</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_ongoing_armed_conflicts" title="List of ongoing armed conflicts">ongoing</a>), then later spread to the <a href="/wiki/Sinai_Peninsula" title="Sinai Peninsula">Sinai Peninsula</a> and elsewhere.<a href="#cite_note-BBC_mon-456">[456]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hamas_government_in_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Hamas government in the Gaza Strip">Hamas in Gaza</a> clashed directly with the Sinai Province, but Hamas were also connected to <a href="/wiki/List_of_armed_factions_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="List of armed factions in the Syrian Civil War">groups on multiple sides</a> of the conflict with ISIS in Syria. ISIS first discreetly issued threats to Hamas in 2015,<a href="#cite_note-457">[457]</a> in the same video message they also threatened Hamas' <a href="/wiki/Fatah%E2%80%93Hamas_conflict" title="Fatah–Hamas conflict">two rivals</a> Israel and <a href="/wiki/Fatah" title="Fatah">Fatah</a>.<a href="#cite_note-RÛDAW_2015-458">[458]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sinai_Peninsula_and_Gaza_Strip">Sinai Peninsula and Gaza Strip</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=War_against_the_Islamic_State&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: Sinai Peninsula and Gaza Strip">edit</a>]</div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sinai_insurgency" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Sinai_insurgency" title="Template:Campaignbox Sinai insurgency"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Sinai_insurgency" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Sinai insurgency"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Sinai_insurgency" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Sinai insurgency"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sinai_insurgency" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sinai_insurgency" title="Sinai insurgency">Sinai insurgency‎</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Sinai_insurgency" title="Timeline of the Sinai insurgency">Timeline</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Eagle" title="Operation Eagle">Operation Eagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_southern_Israel_cross-border_attacks" title="2011 southern Israel cross-border attacks">Egypt-Israel border (2011)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2012_Sinai_attack" title="August 2012 Sinai attack">Sinai (2012)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2012_southern_Israel_cross-border_attack" title="September 2012 southern Israel cross-border attack">Egypt-Israel border (2012)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Sinai_(2012)" title="Operation Sinai (2012)">Operation Sinai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Taba_bus_bombing" title="2014 Taba bus bombing">Taba bombing (2014)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2014_Sinai_attacks" title="October 2014 Sinai attacks">Sinai (2014)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2015_Sinai_attacks" title="January 2015 Sinai attacks">Sinai (January 2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2015_Sinai_clashes" title="July 2015 Sinai clashes">Sinai (July 2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Martyr%27s_Right" title="Operation Martyr's Right">Operation Martyr's Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Arish_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="2015 Arish attack">Arish (2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2016_Sinai_attacks" title="October 2016 Sinai attacks">Sinai (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafah_terror_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Rafah terror attack">Rafah terror attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Sinai_mosque_attack" title="2017 Sinai mosque attack">Al-Rawda mosque attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_Operation_%E2%80%93_Sinai_2018" title="Comprehensive Operation – Sinai 2018">COS 2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Iqtiya,_Qatiya,_Genayen,_and_Merih" title="Battles of Iqtiya, Qatiya, Genayen, and Merih">Rabaa, Iqtiya, Qatiya, Genayen, and Merih</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_El_Qantara_checkpoint_attack" title="2022 El Qantara checkpoint attack">El Qantara</a></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt>International incidents</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metrojet_Flight_9268" title="Metrojet Flight 9268">Metrojet Flight 9268</a> (<a href="/wiki/2015_in_Russia" title="2015 in Russia">2015</a>)</li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Islamist_anti-Hamas_groups_in_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Islamist anti-Hamas groups in the Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip spillover</a> </li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Sinai_insurgency#Gaza_Strip_spillover" title="Sinai insurgency">Sinai insurgency § Gaza Strip spillover</a></div> In <a href="/wiki/2015_in_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="2015 in Palestine">2015</a> Hamas began a propaganda campaign to combat <a href="/wiki/Islamist_anti-Hamas_groups_in_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Islamist anti-Hamas groups in the Gaza Strip">extremist ideologies</a> in the Gaza Strip, At the time they denied it was targeted at ISIS or any other specific group.<a href="#cite_note-Jpost_2015-459">[459]</a> Mosques in the strip preached to promote a "centrist ideology".<a href="#cite_note-Jpost_2015-459">[459]</a> In 2017, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bombing_of_Rafah_crossing_by_ISIS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bombing of Rafah crossing by ISIS (page does not exist)">an ISIS suicide bomber</a> at <a href="/wiki/Rafah_Border_Crossing" title="Rafah Border Crossing">Rafah Border Crossing</a> killed a <a href="/wiki/Hamas_government_in_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Hamas government in the Gaza Strip">Hamas government</a> <a href="/wiki/Border_guard" title="Border guard">border guard</a> (Nidal al-Jaafari, 28) and injured serval others.<a href="#cite_note-toi_suicide-460">[460]</a><a href="#cite_note-AN_18_Aug_2017-461">[461]</a> Before anyone had claimed responsibility, Hamas described the bomber as an outlaw and “a person of deviant ideology”, Hamas' terminology for Islamic extremists.<a href="#cite_note-AN_18_Aug_2017-461">[461]</a> Other factions also condemned the bomber.<a href="#cite_note-paltimes_17_August_2017-462">[462]</a> Hamas arrested dozens of <a href="/wiki/Salafi_movement" title="Salafi movement">Salafi</a> militants <a href="/wiki/Islamist_anti-Hamas_groups_in_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Islamist anti-Hamas groups in the Gaza Strip">in the Gaza Strip</a>.<a href="#cite_note-toi_war_video-463">[463]</a> In early January <a href="/wiki/2018_in_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="2018 in Palestine">2018</a>, Palestinians from the Gaza Strip who had joined <a href="/wiki/Wilayah_Sinai" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilayah Sinai">ISIS Sinai Province</a>, captured and killed a man who they claimed was connected to the <a href="/wiki/Qassam_Brigades" class="mw-redirect" title="Qassam Brigades">Qassam Brigades</a>.<a href="#cite_note-AJ_nae5z-464">[464]</a> The killers made a video of the murder and released it as a "declaration of war" against Hamas.<a href="#cite_note-465">[465]</a><a href="#cite_note-toi_war_video-463">[463]</a> The speaker in the video is referred to as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Kazem_al-Maqdisi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu Kazem al-Maqdisi (page does not exist)">Abu Kazem al-Maqdisi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-toi_war_video-463">[463]</a> By 2023 the Egyptian branch of ISIS appeared to be completely dormant.<a href="#cite_note-BBC_mon-456">[456]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Somalia">Somalia</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=War_against_the_Islamic_State&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: Somalia">edit</a>]</div> Military.com reported that on 3 November 2017, that a U.S. drone conducted two airstrikes against <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_in_Somalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State in Somalia">Islamic State in Somalia</a>, at least six missiles were used which struck in Buqa, 37 miles north of <a href="/wiki/Qandala" title="Qandala">Qandala</a>, AFRICOM said in a statement that "several terrorists" were killed and that the strikes were carried out in coordination with Somalia's government; the strikes marked first time that the US has conducted airstrikes against ISS terrorists in <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-466">[466]</a> CNN reported that US drone aircraft conducted 5 strikes against <a href="/wiki/Al-Shabaab_(militant_group)" title="Al-Shabaab (militant group)">al-Shabaab</a> and ISS-linked militants between 9 and 12 November, killing 36 al-Shabaab and 4 ISIS terrorists. The <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">US</a> now estimates there are between 3,000 and 6,000 al-Shabaab fighters and less than 250 ISS operatives in Somalia.<a href="#cite_note-467">[467]</a> The US conducted a three strikes in <a href="/wiki/Al_Bayda_Governorate" title="Al Bayda Governorate">al Bayda Governorate</a> targeting ISIL in <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a> between 10 and 12 November 2017, killing 5 suspected militants.<a href="#cite_note-468">[468]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sub-Saharan_Africa">Sub-Saharan Africa</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=War_against_the_Islamic_State&action=edit&section=55" title="Edit section: Sub-Saharan Africa">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Cabo_Delgado" title="Insurgency in Cabo Delgado">Insurgency in Cabo Delgado</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs expansion. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=War_against_the_Islamic_State&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. (October 2024)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Casualties">Casualties</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=War_against_the_Islamic_State&action=edit&section=56" title="Edit section: Casualties">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Military_Intervention_against_ISIL.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Military_Intervention_against_ISIL.svg/440px-Military_Intervention_against_ISIL.svg.png" decoding="async" width="440" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Military_Intervention_against_ISIL.svg/660px-Military_Intervention_against_ISIL.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Military_Intervention_against_ISIL.svg/880px-Military_Intervention_against_ISIL.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1314" /></a><figcaption>World map of groups and alliances in the war against ISIL<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  CJTF-OIR</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Russia-Syria-Iran-Iraq Coalition</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Nigerian-led Intervention</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  ISIL Presence</div> </figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ISIL">ISIL</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=War_against_the_Islamic_State&action=edit&section=57" title="Edit section: ISIL">edit</a>]</div> On 22 January 2015, U.S. Ambassador to Iraq Stuart Jones stated that the coalition airstrikes had degraded ISIL, including killing off half of their leaders in <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>.<a href="#cite_note-US_airstrikes_killed_over_6,000_ISIL_fighters-469">[469]</a> In early February 2015, the Australian Defence Minister, <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Andrews_(politician)" title="Kevin Andrews (politician)">Kevin Andrews</a>, stated that more than 6,000 ISIL fighters had been killed in coalition airstrikes since they began, and that over 800 square kilometres (310 sq mi) had been recaptured; yet ISIL strength was estimated to have grown during this period to around 31,500 core fighters, including 3,000 fighters from Western nations.<a href="#cite_note-470">[470]</a> On 23 February 2015, U.S. General <a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Austin" title="Lloyd Austin">Lloyd Austin</a> stated that over 8,500 ISIL militants had been killed by Coalition airstrikes in <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>.<a href="#cite_note-471">[471]</a> In early March 2015, General Lloyd repeated this statement, saying that "ISIS has assumed a defensive crouch" in Iraq, and that "We are where we said we would be," in relation to the airstrikes.<a href="#cite_note-472">[472]</a> This was in contrast to Jordan's claim that its airstrikes alone had killed 7,000 ISIL militants in Iraq and Syria over the course of 3 days, from 5 to 7 February 2015.<a href="#cite_note-ISIL_mauled_by_Jordanian_airstrikes-317">[317]</a><a href="#cite_note-Jordan-473">[473]</a> In June 2015, U.S. Deputy Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Antony_Blinken" title="Antony Blinken">Antony Blinken</a> stated that over 10,000 ISIL fighters had been killed by Coalition airstrikes against the Islamic State.<a href="#cite_note-474">[474]</a> On 21 January 2016, France's defence minister <a href="/wiki/Jean-Yves_Le_Drian" title="Jean-Yves Le Drian">Jean-Yves Le Drian</a> stated that over 22,000 ISIL fighters had been killed by Coalition airstrikes in <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>.<a href="#cite_note-475">[475]</a> In August 2016, U.S. Army Lieutenant General Sean MacFarland told reporters at a news briefing "Although it's no measure of success and its difficult to confirm, we estimate that over the past 11 months we've killed about 25,000 enemy fighters. When you add that to the 20,000 estimated killed prior to our arrival, that's 45,000 enemies taken off the battlefield."<a href="#cite_note-476">[476]</a> In December 2016, a senior US military official told CNN that as many as 50,000 ISIL fighters have been killed since the war against the terror group began.<a href="#cite_note-477">[477]</a> In 2023, the US Central Command issued a statement announcing that it had killed IS leader Khalid Aydd Ahmed al-Jabouri. According to the statement, al-Jabouri had been involved in planning attacks in the Middle East and Europe. The statement also claimed that no civilians were killed in the strike.<a href="#cite_note-478">[478]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Civilians">Civilians</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=War_against_the_Islamic_State&action=edit&section=58" title="Edit section: Civilians">edit</a>]</div> According to Airwars, a team of independent journalists, by August 2015, 450 civilians had been killed by the U.S.-led coalition air campaign against ISIL in <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> (of whom roughly 60% in Syria, 40% in Iraq). By that time, the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">U.S</a>.-led coalition officially acknowledged only two non-combatant deaths.<a href="#cite_note-guar3-8-15-479">[479]</a> According to Airwars, by January 2016, "between 815 and 1,149 civilian non-combatants appear likely to have been killed in 135 incidents where there is fair reporting publicly available of an event, and where Coalition strikes were confirmed in the near vicinity on that date."<a href="#cite_note-480">[480]</a> According to Airwars, about 1000 civilians had been killed by the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">U.S</a>.-led coalition air campaign in March 2017 alone, gathering controversy and concern relating to the presidency of Donald Trump.<a href="#cite_note-481">[481]</a> According to Airwars, the air strikes and artillery of <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">U.S</a>.-led coalition killed as many as 6,000 civilians in <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> in 2017.<a href="#cite_note-482">[482]</a><a href="#cite_note-sms-483">[483]</a> According to Airwars, "In 2017 the war against ISIS [Islamic State] moved into the most densely-populated urban centres controlled by the group, with dire results for civilians."<a href="#cite_note-sms-483">[483]</a> <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a> and monitoring group <a href="/wiki/Airwars" title="Airwars">Airwars</a> report said, more than 1,600 civilians were killed in <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">US</a>-led coalition include, United States, <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">Britain</a> and <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, during the four-month airstrike campaign against ISIL group from the Syrian city of <a href="/wiki/Raqqa" title="Raqqa">Raqqa</a> in 2017. The Coalition states have conducted 34,464 strikes against ISIL targets between August 2014 and end of March 2019, and killed at least 1,291 civilians.<a href="#cite_note-484">[484]</a><a href="#cite_note-485">[485]</a><a href="#cite_note-486">[486]</a><a href="#cite_note-487">[487]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Labeling">Labeling</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=War_against_the_Islamic_State&action=edit&section=59" title="Edit section: Labeling">edit</a>]</div> On 1 February 2015, Iraq's Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_al-Jaafari" title="Ibrahim al-Jaafari">Ibrahim al-Jaafari</a> stated that the War on ISIL was effectively "<a href="/wiki/World_War_III" title="World War III">World War III</a>", due to ISIL's proclamation of a <a href="/wiki/Worldwide_caliphate" class="mw-redirect" title="Worldwide caliphate">worldwide caliphate</a>, its aims to conquer the world, and its success in spreading the conflict to multiple countries outside of the <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a> region.<a href="#cite_note-Iraq's_Prime_Minister_equates_the_War_on_ISIL_to_World_War_III-488">[488]</a> Speaking of ISIL's destruction of pre-Islamic sites in the region, Syria's head of antiquities, Maamoun Abdul Karim, stated that "this is the entire world's battle".<a href="#cite_note-489">[489]</a> In June 2015, U.S. Deputy Secretary of State Antony Blinken said that ISIL "stands for nothing and depends on people who will fall for anything."<a href="#cite_note-490">[490]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Involvement_by_country">Involvement by country</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=War_against_the_Islamic_State&action=edit&section=60" title="Edit section: Involvement by country">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Demining_of_Palmyra_2017_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Demining_of_Palmyra_2017_03.jpg/220px-Demining_of_Palmyra_2017_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Demining_of_Palmyra_2017_03.jpg/330px-Demining_of_Palmyra_2017_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Demining_of_Palmyra_2017_03.jpg/440px-Demining_of_Palmyra_2017_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="801" /></a><figcaption>Russian <a href="/wiki/Sapper" title="Sapper">sappers</a> in <a href="/wiki/Palmyra" title="Palmyra">Palmyra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Homs_offensive_(2017)" title="Eastern Homs offensive (2017)">2017 Eastern Homs offensive</a> against the Islamic State.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Task_Force_Viking_Soldiers_conduct_specialized_line_fire_weapon_training_to_counter_ISIL.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Task_Force_Viking_Soldiers_conduct_specialized_line_fire_weapon_training_to_counter_ISIL.jpg/220px-Task_Force_Viking_Soldiers_conduct_specialized_line_fire_weapon_training_to_counter_ISIL.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Task_Force_Viking_Soldiers_conduct_specialized_line_fire_weapon_training_to_counter_ISIL.jpg/330px-Task_Force_Viking_Soldiers_conduct_specialized_line_fire_weapon_training_to_counter_ISIL.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Task_Force_Viking_Soldiers_conduct_specialized_line_fire_weapon_training_to_counter_ISIL.jpg/440px-Task_Force_Viking_Soldiers_conduct_specialized_line_fire_weapon_training_to_counter_ISIL.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5736" data-file-height="3824" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Armed_Forces" title="Norwegian Armed Forces">Norwegian</a> Task Force Viking soldiers train near <a href="/wiki/Al_Asad_Airbase" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Asad Airbase">Al Asad Airbase</a> during the Iraqi intervention, 29 March 2021</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CJTF_OIR_Leadership_poses_for_picture.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/CJTF_OIR_Leadership_poses_for_picture.jpg/220px-CJTF_OIR_Leadership_poses_for_picture.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/CJTF_OIR_Leadership_poses_for_picture.jpg/330px-CJTF_OIR_Leadership_poses_for_picture.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/CJTF_OIR_Leadership_poses_for_picture.jpg/440px-CJTF_OIR_Leadership_poses_for_picture.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6720" data-file-height="4480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Combined_Joint_Task_Force_%E2%80%93_Operation_Inherent_Resolve" title="Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve">Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve</a> (CJTF–OIR) personnel pose for a picture during the Syrian intervention, 15 July 2021</figcaption></figure> The table below summarizes each country's level of involvement in the overall international intervention against the Islamic State. Several countries that are militarily involved also provide humanitarian aid. <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="6">Key: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"> Military </li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"> Military aid </li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"> Humanitarian aid </li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"> Intelligence aid </li></ul> </div> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Country</th> <th style="width:15%;">In Iraq</th> <th style="width:15%;">In Syria</th> <th style="width:15%;">In Libya</th> <th style="width:15%;">In Nigeria<a href="#cite_note-491">[491]</a></th> <th style="width:15%;">In Afghanistan </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td style="background:darkred"> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/21px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/32px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/42px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a></td> <td style="background:orangered"></td> <td style="background:orangered"></td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /> <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></td> <td>—</td> <td style="background:darkred"></td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></td> <td style="background:slateblue"></td> <td style="background:slateblue"></td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a></td> <td>—</td> <td style="background:darkred"></td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></td> <td style="background:darkred"></td> <td style="background:darkred"></td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></td> <td style="background:orangered"></td> <td style="background:orangered"></td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></td> <td style="background:orangered"></td> <td style="background:orangered"></td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a></td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td style="background:darkred"></td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></td> <td style="background:darkred"></td> <td style="background:darkred"></td> <td>—</td> <td style="background:darkred"><a href="#cite_note-NABERIUS-492">[492]</a><a href="#cite_note-RCICBC-493">[493]</a></td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a></td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td style="background:darkred"></td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></td> <td style="background:orangered"><a href="#cite_note-494">[494]</a></td> <td style="background:slateblue">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</td> <td>—</td> <td style="background:orangered"><a href="#cite_note-495">[495]</a><a href="#cite_note-scmp.com-496">[496]</a></td> <td style="background:orangered"><a href="#cite_note-497">[497]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a></td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td style="background:orangered"><a href="#cite_note-498">[498]</a><a href="#cite_note-499">[499]</a></td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></td> <td style="background:orangered"></td> <td style="background:orangered"></td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></td> <td style="background:orangered"></td> <td style="background:orangered"></td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /> <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></td> <td style="background:darkred"></td> <td style="background:darkred"></td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td style="background:darkred"></td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /> <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></td> <td style="background:orangered"></td> <td style="background:orangered"></td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></td> <td style="background:darkred"></td> <td style="background:darkred"></td> <td style="background:darkred"><a href="#cite_note-500">[500]</a></td> <td style="background:darkred"><a href="#cite_note-501">[501]</a></td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></td> <td style="background:darkred"></td> <td style="background:darkred"></td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td style="background:orangered"> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></td> <td style="background:orangered"></td> <td style="background:orangered"></td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></td> <td style="background:orangered"></td> <td style="background:orangered"></td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</td> <td style="background:orangered"></td> <td style="background:orangered"></td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /> <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></td> <td style="background:darkred"></td> <td style="background:darkred"></td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a></td> <td style="background:darkred"></td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></td> <td style="background:slateblue"></td> <td style="background:slateblue"></td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></td> <td style="background:forestgreen"></td> <td style="background:forestgreen"></td> <td>—</td> <td style="background:forestgreen"></td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></td> <td style="background: darkred"></td> <td style="background:orangered"></td> <td style="background:darkred"></td> <td>—</td> <td style="background:darkred"> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></td> <td style="background:slateblue"></td> <td style="background:slateblue"></td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a></td> <td style="background:darkred"></td> <td style="background:darkred"></td> <td style="background:darkred"><a href="#cite_note-Middle_East_Eye-370">[370]</a></td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a></td> <td style="background:orangered"></td> <td style="background:orangered"></td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a></td> <td style="background:orangered"></td> <td style="background:orangered"></td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/46px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /> <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a></td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td style="background:darkred"></td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /> <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></td> <td style="background:slateblue"></td> <td style="background:slateblue"></td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></td> <td style="background:darkred"></td> <td style="background:darkred"></td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></td> <td style="background:darkred"></td> <td style="background:darkred"></td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></td> <td style="background:slateblue"></td> <td style="background:slateblue"></td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/18px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/27px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/35px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a></td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td style="background:darkred"></td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td style="background:darkred"></td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></td> <td>—</td> <td style="background:darkred"></td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /> <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></td> <td style="background:slateblue"></td> <td style="background:slateblue"></td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td style="background:orangered"><a href="#cite_note-502">[502]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></td> <td style="background:darkred"></td> <td style="background:slateblue"></td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></td> <td style="background:darkred"></td> <td style="background:orangered"></td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td style="background:orangered"> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/46px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="550" /> <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a></td> <td>—</td> <td style="background:darkred"></td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></td> <td style="background:orangered"></td> <td style="background:darkred"></td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></td> <td>—</td> <td style="background:darkred"></td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/23px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/35px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/45px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></td> <td style="background:darkred"></td> <td style="background:orangered"></td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a></td> <td style="background:slateblue"></td> <td style="background:slateblue"></td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></td> <td style="background:orangered"></td> <td style="background:slateblue"></td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></td> <td style="background:slateblue"></td> <td style="background:slateblue"></td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></td> <td style="background:orangered"></td> <td style="background:orangered"></td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a></td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></td> <td style="background:darkred"></td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></td> <td style="background:darkred"></td> <td style="background:darkred"></td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a></td> <td style="background:slateblue"></td> <td style="background:slateblue"></td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></td> <td style="background:darkred"></td> <td style="background:darkred"></td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></td> <td>—</td> <td style="background:darkred"></td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></td> <td style="background:darkred"><a href="#cite_note-503">[503]</a></td> <td style="background:darkred"><a href="#cite_note-504">[504]</a></td> <td style="background:darkred"><a href="#cite_note-505">[505]</a></td> <td style="background:orangered"><a href="#cite_note-506">[506]</a></td> <td style="background:orangered"><a href="#cite_note-507">[507]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td> <td style="background:darkred"></td> <td style="background:darkred"></td> <td style="background:darkred"></td> <td style="background:forestgreen"></td> <td style="background:darkred"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=War_against_the_Islamic_State&action=edit&section=61" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="2003 invasion of Iraq">2003 invasion of Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Winter" title="Arab Winter">Arab Winter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combined_Joint_Task_Force_%E2%80%93_Operation_Inherent_Resolve" title="Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve">Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_and_battles_involving_ISIL" class="mw-redirect" title="List of wars and battles involving ISIL">List of wars and battles involving ISIL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Iraq_offensive_(June_2014)" title="Northern Iraq offensive (June 2014)">Northern Iraq offensive (June 2014)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War_(August_2014%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of the Syrian Civil War (August 2014–present)">Timeline of the Syrian Civil War (August 2014–present)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=War_against_the_Islamic_State&action=edit&section=62" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-bi1-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bi1_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bi1_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bi1_1-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bi1_1-3">d</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output 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Al Arabiya. 8 January 2015. Retrieved 8 January 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Arabiya&rft.atitle=U.S.-led+forces+drop+nearly+5%2C000+bombs+on+ISIS&rft.date=2015-01-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.alarabiya.net%2Fen%2FNews%2Fmiddle-east%2F2015%2F01%2F08%2FU-S-led-forces-drop-nearly-5-000-bombs-on-ISIS-.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/news/world/middleeast/article4226717.ece?shareToken=f90094518fabc34e4ca7f4a59e7a3990#tab-5">"Fears of massacre as Isis tanks lead assault on Kurdish bastion"</a>. The Times. 4 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Fears+of+massacre+as+Isis+tanks+lead+assault+on+Kurdish+bastion&rft.date=2014-10-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2Ftto%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Farticle4226717.ece%3FshareToken%3Df90094518fabc34e4ca7f4a59e7a3990%23tab-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> UN Casualty Figures <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uniraq.org/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=1594:un-casualty-figures-for-january-2014-anbar-province-excluded&Itemid=633&lang=en">UN Casualty Figures for the Month of January 2014</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uniraq.org/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=1677:un-casualty-figures-for-february-2014-anbar-province-excluded&Itemid=633&lang=en">UN Casualty Figures for the Month of February 2014</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uniraq.org/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=1812:un-casualty-figures-for-march-2014-anbar-province-excluded&Itemid=633&lang=en">UN Casualty Figures for the Month of March 2014</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uniraq.org/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=1942:un-casualty-figures-for-april-2014-anbar-province-excluded&Itemid=633&lang=en">UN Casualty Figures for the Month of April 2014</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uniraq.org/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=2055:un-casualty-figures-for-may-2014-anbar-province-excluded&Itemid=633&lang=en">UN Casualty Figures for the Month of May 2014</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uniraq.org/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=2155:un-casualty-figures-for-june-2014-the-highest-number-of-civilian-casualties-in-2014-anbar-province-excluded&Itemid=633&lang=en">UN Casualty Figures for the Month of June 2014</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uniraq.org/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=2300:un-casualty-figures-for-july-2014-anbar-province-excluded&Itemid=633&lang=en">UN Casualty Figures for the Month of July 2014</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uniraq.org/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=2533:un-casualty-figures-for-august-2014-anbar-province-excluded&Itemid=633&lang=en">UN Casualty Figures for the Month of August 2014</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uniraq.org/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=2695:un-casualty-figures-for-september-2014-anbar-province-excluded&Itemid=633&lang=en">UN Casualty Figures for the Month of September 2014</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uniraq.org/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=2831:un-casualty-figures-for-october-2014-anbar-province-excluded&Itemid=633&lang=en">UN Casualty Figures for the Month of October 2014</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uniraq.org/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=2963:casualty-figures-for-november-2014&Itemid=633&lang=en">UN Casualty Figures for the Month of November 2014</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uniraq.org/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=3141:un-casualty-figures-for-december-2014-deadliest-since-2008-in-iraq&Itemid=633&lang=en">UN Casualty Figures for the Month of December 2014</a></li></ul> 3,689 killed and 4,181 wounded in 2014 <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uniraq.org/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=3245:un-casualty-figures-for-january-2015&Itemid=633&lang=en">UN Casualty Figures for the Month of January 2015</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uniraq.org/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=3344:un-casualty-figures-for-february-2015&Itemid=633&lang=en">UN Casualty Figures for the Month of February 2015</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uniraq.org/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=3565:un-casualty-figures-for-march-2015&Itemid=633&lang=en">UN Casualty Figures for the Month of March 2015</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uniraq.org/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=3697:civilians-continue-to-pay-a-heavy-price-due-to-terrorism-violence-and-armed-conflict&Itemid=633&lang=en">UN Casualty Figures for the Month of April 2015</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uniraq.org/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=3872:security-situation-and-violence-continue-to-take-a-terrible-toll-on-the-men-women-and-children-from-all-of-iraq-s-communities&Itemid=605&lang=en">UN Casualty Figures for the Month of May 2015</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uniraq.org/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=4031:casualty-figures-for-the-month-of-june-2015-in-iraq-continue-to-be-on-the-high-side&Itemid=633&lang=en">UN Casualty Figures for the Month of June 2015</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uniraq.org/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=4111:casualty-figures-for-the-month-of-july-2015&Itemid=633&lang=en">UN Casualty Figures for the Month of July 2015</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uniraq.org/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=4230:un-casualty-figures-for-the-month-of-august-in-grievous-increase&Itemid=633&lang=en">UN Casualty Figures for the Month of August 2015</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uniraq.org/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=4344:un-casualty-figures-for-the-month-of-september-2015&Itemid=633&lang=en">UN Casualty Figures for the Month of September 2015</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uniraq.org/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=4454:un-casualty-figures-for-the-month-of-october-2015&Itemid=633&lang=en">UN Casualty Figures for the Month of October 2015</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uniraq.org/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=4610:un-casualty-figures-for-the-month-of-november-2015&Itemid=633&lang=en">UN Casualty Figures for the Month of November 2015</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uniraq.org/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=5064:un-casualty-figures-for-the-month-of-december-2015&Itemid=633&lang=en">UN Casualty Figures for the Month of December 2015</a></li></ul> 5,225 killed and 5,829 wounded in 2015 <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uniraq.org/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=5147:un-casualty-figures-for-the-month-of-january-2016&Itemid=633&lang=en">UN Casualty Figures for the Month of January 2016</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uniraq.org/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=5284:un-casualty-figures-for-iraq-for-the-month-of-february-2016&Itemid=633&lang=en">UN Casualty Figures for the Month of February 2016</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uniraq.org/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=5419:un-casualty-figures-for-iraq-for-the-month-of-march-2016&Itemid=633&lang=en">UN Casualty Figures for the Month of March 2016</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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href="http://www.uniraq.org/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=6041:un-casualty-figures-for-iraq-for-the-month-of-august-2016&Itemid=633&lang=en">UN Casualty Figures for the Month of August 2016</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uniraq.org/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=6144:un-casualty-figures-for-iraq-for-the-month-of-september-2016&Itemid=633&lang=en">UN Casualty Figures for the Month of September 2016</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uniraq.org/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=6267:un-casualty-figures-for-iraq-for-the-month-of-october-2016&Itemid=633&lang=en">UN Casualty Figures for the Month of October 2016</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uniraq.org/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=6455:un-casualty-figures-for-iraq-for-the-month-of-november-2016&Itemid=633&lang=en">UN Casualty Figures for the Month of November 2016</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uniraq.org/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=6611:un-casualties-figures-for-iraq-for-the-month-of-december-2016&Itemid=633&lang=en">UN Casualties Figures for Iraq for the Month of December 2016</a></li></ul> 5,546 killed and 3,389 wounded in 2016 </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rudaw.net/arabic/middleeast/iraq/011120148">"احصائية رسمية: 1997 العدد الكلي لمفقودي مجزرتي سبايكر وبادوش"</a>. Rudaw. Retrieved 11 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rudaw&rft.atitle=%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9%3A+1997+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%AF+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%84%D9%8A+%D9%84%D9%85%D9%81%D9%82%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A+%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%8A+%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B1+%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B4&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frudaw.net%2Farabic%2Fmiddleeast%2Firaq%2F011120148&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.kurdistan24.net/en/news/0dafe596-6536-49d7-8e23-e52821742ae9">http://www.kurdistan24.net/en/news/0dafe596-6536-49d7-8e23-e52821742ae9</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> *<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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Department of Defense. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150725232423/http://www.defense.gov/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=123370">Archived</a> from the original on 25 July 2015. Retrieved 8 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Spokesman%3A+Airstrikes+Only+Part+of+the+Strategy+Against+ISIL&rft.pub=Department+of+Defense&rft.aulast=Marshall+Jr.&rft.aufirst=Tyrone+C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.defense.gov%2Fnews%2Fnewsarticle.aspx%3Fid%3D123370&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/four-five-fighters-pentagon-syria_55f9ad27e4b0d6492d63ed49">"Only '4 Or 5' U.S.-Trained Rebels in Syria? Not Exactly"</a>. <a href="/wiki/HuffPost" title="HuffPost">HuffPost</a>. 16 September 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150918182555/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/four-five-fighters-pentagon-syria_55f9ad27e4b0d6492d63ed49">Archived</a> from the original on 18 September 2015. Retrieved 19 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=HuffPost&rft.atitle=Only+%274+Or+5%27+U.S.-Trained+Rebels+in+Syria%3F+Not+Exactly.&rft.date=2015-09-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2Fentry%2Ffour-five-fighters-pentagon-syria_55f9ad27e4b0d6492d63ed49&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/aug/06/syrian-rebels-nusra-front-al-qaida-kidnapping">"US-trained Syrian rebels refuse to fight al-Qaida group after kidnappings"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. 6 August 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190523015639/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/aug/06/syrian-rebels-nusra-front-al-qaida-kidnapping">Archived</a> from the original on 23 May 2019. Retrieved 19 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=US-trained+Syrian+rebels+refuse+to+fight+al-Qaida+group+after+kidnappings&rft.date=2015-08-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2015%2Faug%2F06%2Fsyrian-rebels-nusra-front-al-qaida-kidnapping&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jul/31/us-trained-rebels-killed-captured-syrian-al-qaida-affiliate-nusra">"US-trained Syrian rebels killed and leaders captured by al-Qaida affiliate"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. 31 July 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190426121242/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jul/31/us-trained-rebels-killed-captured-syrian-al-qaida-affiliate-nusra">Archived</a> from the original on 26 April 2019. Retrieved 19 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=US-trained+Syrian+rebels+killed+and+leaders+captured+by+al-Qaida+affiliate&rft.date=2015-07-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2015%2Fjul%2F31%2Fus-trained-rebels-killed-captured-syrian-al-qaida-affiliate-nusra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-aje11sept-164">^ <a href="#cite_ref-aje11sept_164-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-aje11sept_164-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-aje11sept_164-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2014/09/obama-strike-wherever-it-exists-2014910223935601193.html">"Obama outlines plan to target IS fighters"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. 11 September 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140920193123/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2014/09/obama-strike-wherever-it-exists-2014910223935601193.html">Archived</a> from the original on 20 September 2014. Retrieved 13 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Obama+outlines+plan+to+target+IS+fighters&rft.pub=Al+Jazeera&rft.date=2014-09-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fmiddleeast%2F2014%2F09%2Fobama-strike-wherever-it-exists-2014910223935601193.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ackerman-165">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ackerman_165-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ackerman_165-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAckerman2014" class="citation news cs1">Ackerman, Spencer (16 September 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230325210832/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/sep/16/us-war-isis-iraq-hagel-dempsey-congress-combat">"Pentagon: US ground troops may join Iraqis in combat against Isis"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/sep/16/us-war-isis-iraq-hagel-dempsey-congress-combat">the original</a> on 25 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Pentagon%3A+US+ground+troops+may+join+Iraqis+in+combat+against+Isis&rft.date=2014-09-16&rft.aulast=Ackerman&rft.aufirst=Spencer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2014%2Fsep%2F16%2Fus-war-isis-iraq-hagel-dempsey-congress-combat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-foxnewsarabpartners-166"><a href="#cite_ref-foxnewsarabpartners_166-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140923044720/http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2014/09/22/us-launches-first-wave-bombing-strikes-over-syria/">"US, Arab allies launch first wave of strikes in Syria"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fox_News" title="Fox News">Fox News</a>. 22 September 2014. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/sep/23/us-launches-air-strikes-against-isis-targets-in-syria">the original</a> on 14 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=US+confirms+14+air+strikes+against+Isis+in+Syria&rft.date=2014-09-23&rft.aulast=Chulov&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft.au=Ackerman%2C+Spencer&rft.au=Lewis%2C+Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2014%2Fsep%2F23%2Fus-launches-air-strikes-against-isis-targets-in-syria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2014/Sep-23/271647-us-raids-hit-isis-training-camps-supplies-in-syria.ashx">"US, Arab allies launch first strikes on fighters in Syria"</a>. The Daily Star. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190404044152/http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2014/Sep-23/271647-us-raids-hit-isis-training-camps-supplies-in-syria.ashx">Archived</a> from the original on 4 April 2019. Retrieved 23 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=US%2C+Arab+allies+launch+first+strikes+on+fighters+in+Syria&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailystar.com.lb%2FNews%2FMiddle-East%2F2014%2FSep-23%2F271647-us-raids-hit-isis-training-camps-supplies-in-syria.ashx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaddatzMartinezFerran2014" class="citation news cs1">Raddatz, Martha; Martinez, Luis; Ferran, Lee (23 September 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230330164728/https://abcnews.go.com/International/us-airstrikes-syria/story?id=25686031">"Airstrikes 'Successful' Against ISIS Targets in Syria, US Military Says"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)" title="ABC News (United States)">ABC News</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/International/us-airstrikes-syria/story?id=25686031">the original</a> on 30 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Airstrikes+%27Successful%27+Against+ISIS+Targets+in+Syria%2C+US+Military+Says&rft.date=2014-09-23&rft.aulast=Raddatz&rft.aufirst=Martha&rft.au=Martinez%2C+Luis&rft.au=Ferran%2C+Lee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FInternational%2Fus-airstrikes-syria%2Fstory%3Fid%3D25686031&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTMO-171"><a href="#cite_ref-NYTMO_171-0">^</a> Morocco is the latest Arab nation to respond to an American appeal for more firepower, sending several F-16s to the fight <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/27/us/us-adds-air-power-but-isis-presents-elusive-target.html">[2]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190403030359/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/27/us/us-adds-air-power-but-isis-presents-elusive-target.html">Archived</a> 3 April 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-WTMO-172"><a href="#cite_ref-WTMO_172-0">^</a> Officials said the North African kingdom has agreed to join the U.S.-led coalition air strikes against ISIL positions in Iraq and Syria.<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141215051129/http://www.worldtribune.com/2014/12/12/morocco-f-16s-join-u-s-anti-isil-coalition/">[3]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Morocco_World_News-173"><a href="#cite_ref-Morocco_World_News_173-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2014/12/146456/moroccan-f-16-carry-out-airstrikes-against-isis/">"Moroccan F-16 Carry Out Airstrikes Against ISIS"</a>. 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Retrieved 25 August 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Morocco+World+News&rft.atitle=Moroccan+F-16+Carry+Out+Airstrikes+Against+ISIS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.moroccoworldnews.com%2F2014%2F12%2F146456%2Fmoroccan-f-16-carry-out-airstrikes-against-isis%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJim_Michaels_and_John_Bacon2015" class="citation news cs1">Jim Michaels and John Bacon (3 February 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2015/02/03/islamic-state-jordanian-pilot/22798055/">"Jordan executes two in response to pilot's slaying"</a>. <a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190608122814/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2015/02/03/islamic-state-jordanian-pilot/22798055/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 June 2019. Retrieved 5 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Jordan+executes+two+in+response+to+pilot%27s+slaying&rft.date=2015-02-03&rft.au=Jim+Michaels+and+John+Bacon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fworld%2F2015%2F02%2F03%2Fislamic-state-jordanian-pilot%2F22798055%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/02/03/sajida-rishawi-execution_n_6606156.html">"Jordan To Execute Female Prisoner After ISIS Video Released"</a>. <a href="/wiki/HuffPost" title="HuffPost">HuffPost</a>. 3 February 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180529015759/https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/02/03/sajida-rishawi-execution_n_6606156.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 May 2018. Retrieved 6 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HuffPost&rft.atitle=Jordan+To+Execute+Female+Prisoner+After+ISIS+Video+Released&rft.date=2015-02-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2F2015%2F02%2F03%2Fsajida-rishawi-execution_n_6606156.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-34178998">"Two Britons killed in RAF Syria strike, PM tells MPs"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 7 September 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190422004558/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-34178998">Archived</a> from the original on 22 April 2019. Retrieved 7 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Two+Britons+killed+in+RAF+Syria+strike%2C+PM+tells+MPs&rft.date=2015-09-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-34178998&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGordonSchmitt2015" class="citation news cs1">Gordon, Michael; Schmitt, Eric (12 November 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/13/us/politics/us-steps-up-its-attacks-on-isis-controlled-oil-fields-in-syria.html">"U.S. Steps Up Its Attacks on ISIS-Controlled Oil Fields in Syria"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180420192442/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/13/us/politics/us-steps-up-its-attacks-on-isis-controlled-oil-fields-in-syria.html">Archived</a> from the original on 20 April 2018. 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Retrieved 6 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=HuffPost&rft.atitle=The+Military+Can%27t+Come+Up+with+a+Name+For+Its+War+Against+ISIS.+We%27re+Here+To+Help&rft.date=2014-10-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2F2014%2F10%2F03%2Fpentagon-operation-inherent-resolve_n_5928388.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-211"><a href="#cite_ref-211">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2014/09/29/whats-in-a-name-obamas-anonymous-war-against-isis-in-iraq-syria">"What's in a Name: Obama's Anonymous War Against ISIS"</a>. <a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report" title="U.S. News & World Report">U.S. News & World Report</a>. 29 September 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151222131531/http://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2014/09/29/whats-in-a-name-obamas-anonymous-war-against-isis-in-iraq-syria">Archived</a> from the original on 22 December 2015. 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Retrieved 18 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iraq+crisis%3A+US+strikes+aid+Kurdish+bid+to+retake+dam&rft.pub=BBC+News&rft.date=2014-08-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-middle-east-28820509&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC18Aug-227"><a href="#cite_ref-BBC18Aug_227-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-28833519">"Iraq crisis: Mosul dam recaptured from militants – Obama"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 18 August 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190404021935/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-28833519">Archived</a> from the original on 4 April 2019. Retrieved 18 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iraq+crisis%3A+Mosul+dam+recaptured+from+militants+%E2%80%93+Obama&rft.pub=BBC+News&rft.date=2014-08-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-middle-east-28833519&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-228"><a href="#cite_ref-228">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBill_Roggio2014" class="citation web cs1">Bill Roggio (18 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2014/08/us_airpower_supports.php">"US airpower supports Peshmerga, Iraqi forces to retake Mosul Dam"</a>. The Long War Journal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150131195845/http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2014/08/us_airpower_supports.php">Archived</a> from the original on 31 January 2015. Retrieved 15 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Long+War+Journal&rft.atitle=US+airpower+supports+Peshmerga%2C+Iraqi+forces+to+retake+Mosul+Dam&rft.date=2014-08-18&rft.au=Bill+Roggio&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.longwarjournal.org%2Farchives%2F2014%2F08%2Fus_airpower_supports.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-VICE-229"><a href="#cite_ref-VICE_229-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Beck2014" class="citation web cs1">John Beck (8 September 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.vice.com/article/iraqi-forces-have-pushed-back-islamic-state-fighters-from-the-haditha-dam">"Iraqi Forces Have Pushed Back Islamic State Fighters From the Haditha Dam"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Vice_(magazine)" title="Vice (magazine)">Vice</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180911133448/https://news.vice.com/article/iraqi-forces-have-pushed-back-islamic-state-fighters-from-the-haditha-dam">Archived</a> from the original on 11 September 2018. Retrieved 14 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iraqi+Forces+Have+Pushed+Back+Islamic+State+Fighters+From+the+Haditha+Dam&rft.pub=Vice&rft.date=2014-09-08&rft.au=John+Beck&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.vice.com%2Farticle%2Firaqi-forces-have-pushed-back-islamic-state-fighters-from-the-haditha-dam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Haines-230"><a href="#cite_ref-Haines_230-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-29195872">"David Haines's 'evil murder' condemned by PM"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181004212306/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-29195872">Archived</a> from the original on 4 October 2018. Retrieved 14 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=David+Haines%27s+%27evil+murder%27+condemned+by+PM&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-29195872&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-231"><a href="#cite_ref-231">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.military.com/daily-news/2014/09/29/airstrike-agreement-keeps-us-air-controllers-away-from-combat.html">Airstrike Agreement Keeps US Air Controllers Away From Combat</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180911133537/https://www.military.com/daily-news/2014/09/29/airstrike-agreement-keeps-us-air-controllers-away-from-combat.html">Archived</a> 11 September 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – Military.com, 29 September 2014 </li> <li id="cite_note-Pentagon_has_a_new_name_for_ISIS?-232"><a href="#cite_ref-Pentagon_has_a_new_name_for_ISIS?_232-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChloe_Sommers2014" class="citation news cs1">Chloe Sommers (18 December 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2014/12/18/politics/pentagon-now-calls-isis-daesh/?cid=ob_articlesidebarall&iref=obinsite">"The Pentagon has a new name for ISIS"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924175442/http://www.cnn.com/2014/12/18/politics/pentagon-now-calls-isis-daesh/?cid=ob_articlesidebarall&iref=obinsite">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 24 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Pentagon+has+a+new+name+for+ISIS&rft.date=2014-12-18&rft.au=Chloe+Sommers&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2014%2F12%2F18%2Fpolitics%2Fpentagon-now-calls-isis-daesh%2F%3Fcid%3Dob_articlesidebarall%26iref%3Dobinsite&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ISIL_governor_of_Mosul_is_killed-233"><a href="#cite_ref-ISIL_governor_of_Mosul_is_killed_233-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPer_Liljas2014" class="citation magazine cs1">Per Liljas (25 December 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/3647361/iraq-isis-governor-mosul/">"Iraqi Police: Coalition Airstrikes Kill ISIS Governor of Mosul"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180925111938/http://time.com/3647361/iraq-isis-governor-mosul/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 September 2018. 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Defense News.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Defense+News&rft.atitle=A-10+Performing+11+Percent+of+Anti-ISIS+Sorties&rft.date=2015-01-19&rft.au=Aaron+Mehta&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.defensenews.com%2Fstory%2Fdefense%2F2015%2F01%2F19%2Fa10-strikes-isis-11-percent%2F21875911%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ISIL_leader_wounded_in_airstrike-235"><a href="#cite_ref-ISIL_leader_wounded_in_airstrike_235-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaster2015" class="citation web cs1">Master (20 January 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150215064713/http://syriahr.com/en/2015/01/iraq-isis-leader-baghdadi-injured-stays-in-syria/">"Iraq: ISIS leader Baghdadi injured, stays in Syria"</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://syriahr.com/en/2015/01/iraq-isis-leader-baghdadi-injured-stays-in-syria/">the original</a> on 15 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iraq%3A+ISIS+leader+Baghdadi+injured%2C+stays+in+Syria&rft.pub=Syrian+Observatory+For+Human+Rights&rft.date=2015-01-20&rft.au=Master&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsyriahr.com%2Fen%2F2015%2F01%2Firaq-isis-leader-baghdadi-injured-stays-in-syria%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Peshmerga_begins_assault_on_Mosul-236"><a href="#cite_ref-Peshmerga_begins_assault_on_Mosul_236-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorris2015" class="citation news cs1">Morris, Loveday (22 January 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/kurds-say-they-have-ejected-islamic-state-from-a-big-area-in-northern-iraq/2015/01/21/ac459372-a1c6-11e4-b146-577832eafcb4_story.html">"Kurds say they have ejected Islamic State militants from large area in Northern Iraq"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190330093427/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/kurds-say-they-have-ejected-islamic-state-from-a-big-area-in-northern-iraq/2015/01/21/ac459372-a1c6-11e4-b146-577832eafcb4_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on 30 March 2019. Retrieved 25 January 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Kurds+say+they+have+ejected+Islamic+State+militants+from+large+area+in+Northern+Iraq&rft.date=2015-01-22&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=Loveday&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle_east%2Fkurds-say-they-have-ejected-islamic-state-from-a-big-area-in-northern-iraq%2F2015%2F01%2F21%2Fac459372-a1c6-11e4-b146-577832eafcb4_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-237"><a href="#cite_ref-237">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150813053355/http://www.usnews.com/news/politics/articles/2015/07/21/stealthy-jet-ensures-other-war-fighting-aircraft-survive">"Stealthy Jet Ensures Other War-Fighting Aircraft Survive"</a>. <a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report" title="U.S. News & World Report">U.S. News & World Report</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usnews.com/news/politics/articles/2015/07/21/stealthy-jet-ensures-other-war-fighting-aircraft-survive">the original</a> on 13 August 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+News+%26+World+Report&rft.atitle=Stealthy+Jet+Ensures+Other+War-Fighting+Aircraft+Survive&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usnews.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Farticles%2F2015%2F07%2F21%2Fstealthy-jet-ensures-other-war-fighting-aircraft-survive&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-238"><a href="#cite_ref-238">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"News brief". 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Retrieved 25 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stars+and+Stripes&rft.atitle=1%2C000+soldiers+from+the+82nd+Airborne+headed+to+Iraq&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stripes.com%2Fnews%2Fus%2F1-000-soldiers-from-the-82nd-airborne-headed-to-iraq-1.320194&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-259"><a href="#cite_ref-259">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.inherentresolve.mil/Releases/News-Releases/Article/2105340/us-service-members-killed-in-iraq/">"U.S. service members killed in Iraq"</a>. Operation Inherent Resolve. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200322155743/https://www.inherentresolve.mil/Releases/News-Releases/Article/2105340/us-service-members-killed-in-iraq/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 March 2020. Retrieved 22 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Operation+Inherent+Resolve&rft.atitle=U.S.+service+members+killed+in+Iraq&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.inherentresolve.mil%2FReleases%2FNews-Releases%2FArticle%2F2105340%2Fus-service-members-killed-in-iraq%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-260"><a href="#cite_ref-260">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.military.com/daily-news/2020/03/10/pentagon-identifies-2-marsoc-raiders-killed-hunting-isis-iraq.html">"Pentagon Identifies 2 MARSOC Raiders Killed Hunting ISIS in Iraq"</a>. 10 March 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200322155744/https://www.military.com/daily-news/2020/03/10/pentagon-identifies-2-marsoc-raiders-killed-hunting-isis-iraq.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 March 2020. Retrieved 22 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pentagon+Identifies+2+MARSOC+Raiders+Killed+Hunting+ISIS+in+Iraq&rft.date=2020-03-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.military.com%2Fdaily-news%2F2020%2F03%2F10%2Fpentagon-identifies-2-marsoc-raiders-killed-hunting-isis-iraq.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-aljazeera.com-261"><a href="#cite_ref-aljazeera.com_261-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/12/9/iraq-official-says-us-combat-mission-in-the-country-has-ended">"US-led combat mission in Iraq ends, shifting to advisory role"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221023213117/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/12/9/iraq-official-says-us-combat-mission-in-the-country-has-ended">Archived</a> from the original on 23 October 2022. Retrieved 29 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=US-led+combat+mission+in+Iraq+ends%2C+shifting+to+advisory+role&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2021%2F12%2F9%2Firaq-official-says-us-combat-mission-in-the-country-has-ended&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-reuters.com2-262"><a href="#cite_ref-reuters.com2_262-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/iraq-security-adviser-says-international-coalition-ends-combat-mission-no-us-2021-12-09/">"U.S.-led troops end Iraq combat mission, as planned - military officials"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. 9 December 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220214072257/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/iraq-security-adviser-says-international-coalition-ends-combat-mission-no-us-2021-12-09/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 February 2022. Retrieved 29 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=U.S.-led+troops+end+Iraq+combat+mission%2C+as+planned+-+military+officials&rft.date=2021-12-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Firaq-security-adviser-says-international-coalition-ends-combat-mission-no-us-2021-12-09%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-263"><a href="#cite_ref-263">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theaustralian.com.au/in-depth/terror/cabinet-approves-australian-airstrikes-in-iraq/story-fnpdbcmu-1227078959113?nk=79d3d3d071806c17d2c0323c656b46ac">"Cabinet approves Australian airstrikes in Iraq"</a>. The Australian. 3 October 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150128073032/http://www.theaustralian.com.au/in-depth/terror/cabinet-approves-australian-airstrikes-in-iraq/story-fnpdbcmu-1227078959113?nk=79d3d3d071806c17d2c0323c656b46ac">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2015. Retrieved 9 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Australian&rft.atitle=Cabinet+approves+Australian+airstrikes+in+Iraq&rft.date=2014-10-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theaustralian.com.au%2Fin-depth%2Fterror%2Fcabinet-approves-australian-airstrikes-in-iraq%2Fstory-fnpdbcmu-1227078959113%3Fnk%3D79d3d3d071806c17d2c0323c656b46ac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-264"><a href="#cite_ref-264">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/australian-fighter-jets-conduct-first-armed-flights-over-iraq-20141006-10qog3.html">"Australian fighter jets conduct first armed flights over Iraq"</a>. The Sydney Morning Herald. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141008184555/http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/australian-fighter-jets-conduct-first-armed-flights-over-iraq-20141006-10qog3.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 October 2014. Retrieved 20 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=Australian+fighter+jets+conduct+first+armed+flights+over+Iraq&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Ffederal-politics%2Fpolitical-news%2Faustralian-fighter-jets-conduct-first-armed-flights-over-iraq-20141006-10qog3.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-265"><a href="#cite_ref-265">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/islamic-state-fighters-fled-into-civilian-areas-at-first-sight-of-australian-forces-defence-20141008-10rrml.html">"Islamic State fighters fled into civilian areas at first sight of Australian forces: Defence"</a>. The Sydney Morning Herald. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010084248/http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/islamic-state-fighters-fled-into-civilian-areas-at-first-sight-of-australian-forces-defence-20141008-10rrml.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 October 2017. Retrieved 20 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=Islamic+State+fighters+fled+into+civilian+areas+at+first+sight+of+Australian+forces%3A+Defence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Ffederal-politics%2Fpolitical-news%2Fislamic-state-fighters-fled-into-civilian-areas-at-first-sight-of-australian-forces-defence-20141008-10rrml.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-266"><a href="#cite_ref-266">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/news/world/islamic-state-jihadists-advance-on-syrian-border-town-kobane-despite-usled-air-strikes/story-fni0xs63-1227084446438">"Islamic State jihadists advance on Syrian border town Kobane despite US-led air strikes"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Telegraph</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Islamic+State+jihadists+advance+on+Syrian+border+town+Kobane+despite+US-led+air+strikes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailytelegraph.com.au%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fislamic-state-jihadists-advance-on-syrian-border-town-kobane-despite-usled-air-strikes%2Fstory-fni0xs63-1227084446438&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-267"><a href="#cite_ref-267">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWroe2014" class="citation news cs1">Wroe, David (10 October 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/australian-bombs-dropped-on-islamic-state-building-20141009-113t2z.html">"Australian bombs dropped on Islamic State building"</a>. The Sydney Morning Herald. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141011125729/http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/australian-bombs-dropped-on-islamic-state-building-20141009-113t2z.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 October 2014. Retrieved 18 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=Australian+bombs+dropped+on+Islamic+State+building&rft.date=2014-10-10&rft.aulast=Wroe&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Ffederal-politics%2Fpolitical-news%2Faustralian-bombs-dropped-on-islamic-state-building-20141009-113t2z.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-268"><a href="#cite_ref-268">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrissenden2014" class="citation web cs1">Brissenden, Michael (17 October 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-10-17/deadly-australian-air-strikes-dent-is-morale-in-iraq/5821888">"Deadly Australian air strikes dent IS morale in Iraq: Rear Admiral David Johnston"</a>. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180323204908/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-10-17/deadly-australian-air-strikes-dent-is-morale-in-iraq/5821888">Archived</a> from the original on 23 March 2018. Retrieved 17 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Deadly+Australian+air+strikes+dent+IS+morale+in+Iraq%3A+Rear+Admiral+David+Johnston&rft.pub=Australian+Broadcasting+Corporation&rft.date=2014-10-17&rft.aulast=Brissenden&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2014-10-17%2Fdeadly-australian-air-strikes-dent-is-morale-in-iraq%2F5821888&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-269"><a href="#cite_ref-269">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChan2014" class="citation news cs1">Chan, Gabrielle (17 October 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/oct/17/australian-air-strikes-kill-isis-fighters-on-at-least-two-occasions">"Australian air strikes in Iraq kill Isis fighters on 'at least two' occasions"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190404003658/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/oct/17/australian-air-strikes-kill-isis-fighters-on-at-least-two-occasions">Archived</a> from the original on 4 April 2019. Retrieved 20 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Australian+air+strikes+in+Iraq+kill+Isis+fighters+on+%27at+least+two%27+occasions&rft.date=2014-10-17&rft.aulast=Chan&rft.aufirst=Gabrielle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2014%2Foct%2F17%2Faustralian-air-strikes-kill-isis-fighters-on-at-least-two-occasions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-270"><a href="#cite_ref-270">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141020094917/http://news.defence.gov.au/2014/10/17/chief-of-joint-operations-vice-admiral-david-johnston-and-air-commodore-joe-vincent-iervasi-deliver-the-second-briefing-in-the-australia-room-at-the-australian-defence-offices-in-russell-canberr/">"Chief of Joint Operations Vice Admiral David Johnston and Air Commodore 'Joe' Vincent Iervasi, deliver the second briefing in the Australia room at the Australian Defence Offices in Russell, Canberra"</a>. Transcript. Department of Defence. 17 October 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.defence.gov.au/2014/10/17/chief-of-joint-operations-vice-admiral-david-johnston-and-air-commodore-joe-vincent-iervasi-deliver-the-second-briefing-in-the-australia-room-at-the-australian-defence-offices-in-russell-canberr/">the original</a> on 20 October 2014. Retrieved 20 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Transcript&rft.atitle=Chief+of+Joint+Operations+Vice+Admiral+David+Johnston+and+Air+Commodore+%27Joe%27+Vincent+Iervasi%2C+deliver+the+second+briefing+in+the+Australia+room+at+the+Australian+Defence+Offices+in+Russell%2C+Canberra&rft.date=2014-10-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.defence.gov.au%2F2014%2F10%2F17%2Fchief-of-joint-operations-vice-admiral-david-johnston-and-air-commodore-joe-vincent-iervasi-deliver-the-second-briefing-in-the-australia-room-at-the-australian-defence-offices-in-russell-canberr%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-271"><a href="#cite_ref-271">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMercer2017" class="citation news cs1">Mercer, Phil (23 December 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.voanews.com/a/australia-airstrikes-iraq-syria/4176327.html">"Australia Ending Role in Airstrikes Against IS in Iraq and Syria"</a>. Voice of America (VOA). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190404044610/https://www.voanews.com/a/australia-airstrikes-iraq-syria/4176327.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 April 2019. Retrieved 29 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Australia+Ending+Role+in+Airstrikes+Against+IS+in+Iraq+and+Syria&rft.date=2017-12-23&rft.aulast=Mercer&rft.aufirst=Phil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.voanews.com%2Fa%2Faustralia-airstrikes-iraq-syria%2F4176327.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-272"><a href="#cite_ref-272">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/government/news/tornados-ready-to-support-humanitarian-operations">"Tornados ready to support humanitarian operations"</a>. Ministry of Defence. 12 August 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190502185135/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/tornados-ready-to-support-humanitarian-operations">Archived</a> from the original on 2 May 2019. 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Retrieved 17 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Egyptian+air+strikes+in+Libya+kill+dozens+of+Isis+militants&rft.date=2015-02-17&rft.aulast=Stephen&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft.au=Malsin%2C+Jared&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2015%2Ffeb%2F16%2Fegypt-air-strikes-target-isis-weapons-stockpiles-libya&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Libya_syncs_airstrikes_with_Egypt-337">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Libya_syncs_airstrikes_with_Egypt_337-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Libya_syncs_airstrikes_with_Egypt_337-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4627076,00.html">"Libyan air force loyal to official government bombed targets in eastern city of Derna"</a>. 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Retrieved 14 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Beast&rft.atitle=Exclusive%3A+U.S.+Targets+ISIS+in+Libya+Airstrike&rft.date=2015-11-14&rft.aulast=Brannen&rft.aufirst=Kate&rft.au=Youssef%2C+Nancy+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailybeast.com%2Farticles%2F2015%2F11%2F14%2Fexclusive-u-s-targets-isis-in-libya-airstrike.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-guardian-340"><a href="#cite_ref-guardian_340-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin_Pengelly2015" class="citation news cs1">Martin Pengelly (14 November 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/nov/14/us-airstrike-isis-leader-libya">"Islamic State leader in Libya 'killed in US airstrike'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190614085344/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/nov/14/us-airstrike-isis-leader-libya">Archived</a> from the original on 14 June 2019. 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Retrieved 2 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=U.S.+Broadens+Fight+Against+ISIS+With+Attacks+in+Afghanistan&rft.date=2016-01-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F02%2F01%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fus-broadens-fight-against-isis-with-attacks-in-afghanistan.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-343"><a href="#cite_ref-343">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.navytimes.com/story/military/2016/08/03/isis-asia-islamic-state-philippines-indonesia-malaysia-bangladesh/87999820/">"U.S. admiral warns Asia-Pacific may be next front in ISIS fight"</a>. 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Retrieved 1 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=U.S.+warplanes+launch+bombing+campaign+on+Islamic+State+in+Libya&rft.date=2016-08-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-libya-security-idUSKCN10C2NF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-military.com-350">^ <a href="#cite_ref-military.com_350-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-military.com_350-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.militarytimes.com/story/military/war-on-is/2016/08/01/us-air-strikes-sirte-libya-islamic-state/87909908/">"U.S. conducts new round of airstrikes against ISIS in Libya"</a>. military.com. 1 August 2016. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/us-airstrikes-hit-libya-marking-48-strikes-august-41420865">the original</a> on 16 August 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US+Airstrikes+Hit+IS+in+Libya%2C+Marking+48+Strikes+in+August&rft.pub=ABC+News&rft.date=2016-08-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FInternational%2FwireStory%2Fus-airstrikes-hit-libya-marking-48-strikes-august-41420865&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-352"><a href="#cite_ref-352">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.defense.gov/News/Article/Article/917245/us-airstrikes-hit-isil-targets-in-libya">"U.S. Airstrikes Hit ISIL Targets in Libya"</a>. Department of Defense. 17 August 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010084911/https://www.defense.gov/News/Article/Article/917245/us-airstrikes-hit-isil-targets-in-libya/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 October 2017. Retrieved 18 August 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.S.+Airstrikes+Hit+ISIL+Targets+in+Libya&rft.pub=Department+of+Defense&rft.date=2016-08-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.defense.gov%2FNews%2FArticle%2FArticle%2F917245%2Fus-airstrikes-hit-isil-targets-in-libya&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-353"><a href="#cite_ref-353">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stripes.com/news/us/marine-gunships-enter-the-fight-against-the-islamic-state-in-libya-1.425064">"Marine gunships enter the fight against the Islamic State in Libya"</a>. Stars and Stripes. 22 August 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190331154230/https://www.stripes.com/news/us/marine-gunships-enter-the-fight-against-the-islamic-state-in-libya-1.425064">Archived</a> from the original on 31 March 2019. Retrieved 23 August 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stars+and+Stripes&rft.atitle=Marine+gunships+enter+the+fight+against+the+Islamic+State+in+Libya&rft.date=2016-08-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stripes.com%2Fnews%2Fus%2Fmarine-gunships-enter-the-fight-against-the-islamic-state-in-libya-1.425064&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-354"><a href="#cite_ref-354">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stripes.com/news/more-than-100-us-airstrikes-against-islamic-state-in-libya-in-august-1.426465">"More than 100 US airstrikes against Islamic State in Libya in August"</a>. Stars and Stripes. 31 August 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190331154243/https://www.stripes.com/news/more-than-100-us-airstrikes-against-islamic-state-in-libya-in-august-1.426465">Archived</a> from the original on 31 March 2019. Retrieved 3 September 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stars+and+Stripes&rft.atitle=More+than+100+US+airstrikes+against+Islamic+State+in+Libya+in+August&rft.date=2016-08-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stripes.com%2Fnews%2Fmore-than-100-us-airstrikes-against-islamic-state-in-libya-in-august-1.426465&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-stripes1-355">^ <a href="#cite_ref-stripes1_355-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-stripes1_355-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stripes.com/news/us-airstrikes-in-libya-slow-as-targets-shrink-1.430392">"US airstrikes in Libya slow as targets shrink"</a>. Stars and Stripes. 22 September 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190331154245/https://www.stripes.com/news/us-airstrikes-in-libya-slow-as-targets-shrink-1.430392">Archived</a> from the original on 31 March 2019. Retrieved 15 October 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stars+and+Stripes&rft.atitle=US+airstrikes+in+Libya+slow+as+targets+shrink&rft.date=2016-09-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stripes.com%2Fnews%2Fus-airstrikes-in-libya-slow-as-targets-shrink-1.430392&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-356"><a href="#cite_ref-356">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2016/09/28/obama-expected-to-extend-airstrikes-against-isis-in-libya-another-month.html">"Obama expected to extend airstrikes against ISIS in Libya another month"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fox_News" title="Fox News">Fox News</a>. 28 September 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180904052501/http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2016/09/28/obama-expected-to-extend-airstrikes-against-isis-in-libya-another-month.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 September 2018. Retrieved 15 October 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Obama+expected+to+extend+airstrikes+against+ISIS+in+Libya+another+month&rft.pub=Fox+News&rft.date=2016-09-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fpolitics%2F2016%2F09%2F28%2Fobama-expected-to-extend-airstrikes-against-isis-in-libya-another-month.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-357"><a href="#cite_ref-357">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stripes.com/news/us-bombing-in-libya-intensifies-1.432151">"US bombing in Libya intensifies"</a>. Stars and Stripes. 3 October 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190331154239/https://www.stripes.com/news/us-bombing-in-libya-intensifies-1.432151">Archived</a> from the original on 31 March 2019. Retrieved 15 October 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stars+and+Stripes&rft.atitle=US+bombing+in+Libya+intensifies&rft.date=2016-10-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stripes.com%2Fnews%2Fus-bombing-in-libya-intensifies-1.432151&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-358"><a href="#cite_ref-358">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stripes.com/news/us-bombing-picks-up-against-islamic-state-militants-in-libya-1.433560">"US bombing picks up against Islamic State militants in Libya"</a>. Stars and Stripes. 11 October 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190331154241/https://www.stripes.com/news/us-bombing-picks-up-against-islamic-state-militants-in-libya-1.433560">Archived</a> from the original on 31 March 2019. Retrieved 15 October 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stars+and+Stripes&rft.atitle=US+bombing+picks+up+against+Islamic+State+militants+in+Libya&rft.date=2016-10-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stripes.com%2Fnews%2Fus-bombing-picks-up-against-islamic-state-militants-in-libya-1.433560&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-359"><a href="#cite_ref-359">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.foxnews.com/world/2016/10/17/us-airstrikes-against-isis-in-libya-doubled-in-less-than-month.html">"US airstrikes against ISIS in Libya doubled in less than a month"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fox_News" title="Fox News">Fox News</a>. 17 October 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180904052436/http://www.foxnews.com/world/2016/10/17/us-airstrikes-against-isis-in-libya-doubled-in-less-than-month.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 September 2018. Retrieved 4 November 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US+airstrikes+against+ISIS+in+Libya+doubled+in+less+than+a+month&rft.pub=Fox+News&rft.date=2016-10-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fworld%2F2016%2F10%2F17%2Fus-airstrikes-against-isis-in-libya-doubled-in-less-than-month.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-360"><a href="#cite_ref-360">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stripes.com/news/uss-san-antonio-joins-libya-operation-1.435175">"USS San Antonio joins Libya operation"</a>. Stars and Stripes. 21 October 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190331154234/https://www.stripes.com/news/uss-san-antonio-joins-libya-operation-1.435175">Archived</a> from the original on 31 March 2019. Retrieved 4 November 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stars+and+Stripes&rft.atitle=USS+San+Antonio+joins+Libya+operation&rft.date=2016-10-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stripes.com%2Fnews%2Fuss-san-antonio-joins-libya-operation-1.435175&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-361"><a href="#cite_ref-361">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.foxnews.com/us/2016/11/04/us-quietly-ends-libya-bombing-campaign-against-isis.html">"US quietly ends Libya bombing campaign against ISIS"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fox_News" title="Fox News">Fox News</a>. 4 November 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161108015256/http://www.foxnews.com/us/2016/11/04/us-quietly-ends-libya-bombing-campaign-against-isis.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 November 2016. Retrieved 4 November 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US+quietly+ends+Libya+bombing+campaign+against+ISIS&rft.pub=Fox+News&rft.date=2016-11-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fus%2F2016%2F11%2F04%2Fus-quietly-ends-libya-bombing-campaign-against-isis.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-362"><a href="#cite_ref-362">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161221140639/https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/us-concluded-anti-campaign-libya-44302624">"US Says It Concluded Its Anti-IS Campaign in Libya"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)" title="ABC News (United States)">ABC News</a>. 20 December 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/us-concluded-anti-campaign-libya-44302624">the original</a> on 21 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US+Says+It+Concluded+Its+Anti-IS+Campaign+in+Libya&rft.pub=ABC+News&rft.date=2016-12-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FInternational%2FwireStory%2Fus-concluded-anti-campaign-libya-44302624&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-363"><a href="#cite_ref-363">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.africom.mil/media-room/pressrelease/28564/africom-concludes-operation-odyssey-lightning">"AFRICOM concludes Operation Odyssey Lightning"</a>. AFRICOM. 20 December 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161225080931/http://www.africom.mil/media-room/pressrelease/28564/africom-concludes-operation-odyssey-lightning">Archived</a> from the original on 25 December 2016. Retrieved 24 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AFRICOM+concludes+Operation+Odyssey+Lightning&rft.pub=AFRICOM&rft.date=2016-12-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.africom.mil%2Fmedia-room%2Fpressrelease%2F28564%2Fafricom-concludes-operation-odyssey-lightning&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-364"><a href="#cite_ref-364">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/International/bombers-strike-isis-camps-libya/story?id=44882627">"B-2 Bombers Strike ISIS Camps in Libya"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)" title="ABC News (United States)">ABC News</a>. 19 January 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190507160931/https://abcnews.go.com/International/bombers-strike-isis-camps-libya/story?id=44882627">Archived</a> from the original on 7 May 2019. Retrieved 17 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=B-2+Bombers+Strike+ISIS+Camps+in+Libya&rft.pub=ABC+News&rft.date=2017-01-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FInternational%2Fbombers-strike-isis-camps-libya%2Fstory%3Fid%3D44882627&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-365"><a href="#cite_ref-365">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-38685203">"Islamic State conflict: US strikes in Libya 'kill 80 rebels'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 19 January 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190401025639/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-38685203">Archived</a> from the original on 1 April 2019. Retrieved 21 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Islamic+State+conflict%3A+US+strikes+in+Libya+%27kill+80+rebels%27&rft.date=2017-01-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-africa-38685203&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-366"><a href="#cite_ref-366">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/did-obama-defeat-isis-libya-n709001">"Did Obama Defeat ISIS in Libya?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a>. 28 January 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190408022209/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/did-obama-defeat-isis-libya-n709001">Archived</a> from the original on 8 April 2019. Retrieved 7 October 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Did+Obama+Defeat+ISIS+in+Libya%3F&rft.pub=NBC+News&rft.date=2017-01-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fdid-obama-defeat-isis-libya-n709001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-367"><a href="#cite_ref-367">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2017/09/24/politics/us-strikes-libya-trump/index.html">"US strikes Libya for first time under Trump"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. 24 September 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190401232330/https://edition.cnn.com/2017/09/24/politics/us-strikes-libya-trump/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 April 2019. Retrieved 7 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US+strikes+Libya+for+first+time+under+Trump&rft.pub=CNN&rft.date=2017-09-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2017%2F09%2F24%2Fpolitics%2Fus-strikes-libya-trump%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-368"><a href="#cite_ref-368">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/wireStory/official-us-warplanes-hit-multiple-targets-libya-37050030">"Officials: US Warplanes Strike IS Facility in Libya"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)" title="ABC News (United States)">ABC News</a>. 19 February 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160220101443/http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/wireStory/official-us-warplanes-hit-multiple-targets-libya-37050030">Archived</a> from the original on 20 February 2016. Retrieved 17 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Officials%3A+US+Warplanes+Strike+IS+Facility+in+Libya&rft.pub=ABC+News&rft.date=2016-02-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FPolitics%2FwireStory%2Fofficial-us-warplanes-hit-multiple-targets-libya-37050030&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-369"><a href="#cite_ref-369">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2016/feb/09/raf-in-libyan-missions-in-preparation-for-helping-unity-government">"RAF flying Libyan missions in preparation for helping unity government"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. 9 February 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190502231219/https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2016/feb/09/raf-in-libyan-missions-in-preparation-for-helping-unity-government">Archived</a> from the original on 2 May 2019. Retrieved 12 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=RAF+flying+Libyan+missions+in+preparation+for+helping+unity+government&rft.date=2016-02-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fuk-news%2F2016%2Ffeb%2F09%2Fraf-in-libyan-missions-in-preparation-for-helping-unity-government&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Middle_East_Eye-370">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Middle_East_Eye_370-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Middle_East_Eye_370-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/revealed-britain-and-jordan-s-secret-war-libya-147374304">"Britain and Jordan's secret war in Libya"</a>. 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Retrieved 26 May 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+Eye&rft.atitle=Britain+and+Jordan%27s+secret+war+in+Libya&rft.date=2016-03-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.middleeasteye.net%2Fnews%2Frevealed-britain-and-jordan-s-secret-war-libya-147374304&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-371"><a href="#cite_ref-371">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreeman2016" class="citation news cs1">Freeman, Colin (7 May 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/05/07/gaddafi-loyalists-join-west-in-battle-to-push-islamic-state-from/">"Gaddafi loyalists join West in battle to push Islamic State from Libya"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Telegraph</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/05/07/gaddafi-loyalists-join-west-in-battle-to-push-islamic-state-from/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Gaddafi+loyalists+join+West+in+battle+to+push+Islamic+State+from+Libya&rft.date=2016-05-07&rft.aulast=Freeman&rft.aufirst=Colin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2F2016%2F05%2F07%2Fgaddafi-loyalists-join-west-in-battle-to-push-islamic-state-from%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-372"><a href="#cite_ref-372">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/mar/25/sas-deployed-libya-start-year-leaked-memo-king-abdullah">"SAS deployed in Libya since start of year, says leaked memo"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. 25 March 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190518140434/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/mar/25/sas-deployed-libya-start-year-leaked-memo-king-abdullah">Archived</a> from the original on 18 May 2019. Retrieved 12 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=SAS+deployed+in+Libya+since+start+of+year%2C+says+leaked+memo&rft.date=2016-03-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2016%2Fmar%2F25%2Fsas-deployed-libya-start-year-leaked-memo-king-abdullah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-373"><a href="#cite_ref-373">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/uk-special-forces-sas-operations-in-libya-confirmed-by-leaked-briefing-a6952821.html">"UK special forces' operations in Libya confirmed by leaked briefing"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a>. 25 March 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160326004732/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/uk-special-forces-sas-operations-in-libya-confirmed-by-leaked-briefing-a6952821.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 March 2016. Retrieved 5 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=UK+special+forces%27+operations+in+Libya+confirmed+by+leaked+briefing&rft.date=2016-03-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fhome-news%2Fuk-special-forces-sas-operations-in-libya-confirmed-by-leaked-briefing-a6952821.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Telegraph-374">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_Telegraph_374-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Telegraph_374-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSherlock2016" class="citation news cs1">Sherlock, Ruth (27 February 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/libya/12176114/British-advisers-deployed-to-Libya-to-build-anti-Isil-cells.html">"British 'advisers' deployed to Libya to build anti-Isil cells"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Telegraph</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/libya/12176114/British-advisers-deployed-to-Libya-to-build-anti-Isil-cells.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=British+%27advisers%27+deployed+to+Libya+to+build+anti-Isil+cells&rft.date=2016-02-27&rft.aulast=Sherlock&rft.aufirst=Ruth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Fafricaandindianocean%2Flibya%2F12176114%2FBritish-advisers-deployed-to-Libya-to-build-anti-Isil-cells.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-375"><a href="#cite_ref-375">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/05/26/british-special-forces-destroyed-islamic-state-trucks-in-libya-s/">"British special forces destroyed Islamic State trucks in Libya, say local troops"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Telegraph</a>. 26 May 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/05/26/british-special-forces-destroyed-islamic-state-trucks-in-libya-s/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=British+special+forces+destroyed+Islamic+State+trucks+in+Libya%2C+say+local+troops&rft.date=2016-05-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2F2016%2F05%2F26%2Fbritish-special-forces-destroyed-islamic-state-trucks-in-libya-s%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-376"><a href="#cite_ref-376">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190331104126/http://home.bt.com/news/uk-news/british-special-forces-praised-for-stopping-is-suicide-attack-in-libya-11364064379301">"British special forces praised for stopping IS suicide attack in Libya"</a>. 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Retrieved 27 May 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=British+special+forces+praised+for+stopping+IS+suicide+attack+in+Libya&rft.pub=BT&rft.date=2016-05-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhome.bt.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-news%2Fbritish-special-forces-praised-for-stopping-is-suicide-attack-in-libya-11364064379301&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-377"><a href="#cite_ref-377">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2016/05/18/middleeast/libya-isis-us-special-forces/">"U.S. Special Forces take the fight to ISIS in Libya"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. 18 May 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190604230150/https://edition.cnn.com/2016/05/18/middleeast/libya-isis-us-special-forces/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 June 2019. 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Retrieved 2 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=UK+to+send+troops+to+Tunisia+to+help+stop+ISIS+crossing+Libyan+border&rft.date=2016-03-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuk.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fuk-britain-tunisia-libya-idUKKCN0W33OY&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-379"><a href="#cite_ref-379">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190331131125/http://www.msn.com/en-gb/news/uknews/setbacks-seen-for-islamic-state-in-syria-iraq-libya/ar-AAgPHVh?li=BBoPOOl">"Setbacks seen for Islamic State in Syria, Iraq, Libya"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. 9 June 2016. 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Retrieved 10 June 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Setbacks+seen+for+Islamic+State+in+Syria%2C+Iraq%2C+Libya&rft.date=2016-06-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.msn.com%2Fen-gb%2Fnews%2Fuknews%2Fsetbacks-seen-for-islamic-state-in-syria-iraq-libya%2Far-AAgPHVh%3Fli%3DBBoPOOl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-380"><a href="#cite_ref-380">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-36505935">"Libyan forces 'retake Sirte port from IS militants'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 11 June 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190401025741/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-36505935">Archived</a> from the original on 1 April 2019. Retrieved 21 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Libyan+forces+%27retake+Sirte+port+from+IS+militants%27&rft.date=2016-06-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-africa-36505935&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-381"><a href="#cite_ref-381">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.military.com/daily-news/2016/07/20/un-isis-fighters-face-possible-defeat-libya.html">"UN: ISIS Fighters Face Possible Defeat in Libya"</a>. military.com. 20 July 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190331131210/https://www.military.com/daily-news/2016/07/20/un-isis-fighters-face-possible-defeat-libya.html">Archived</a> from the original on 31 March 2019. Retrieved 22 July 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UN%3A+ISIS+Fighters+Face+Possible+Defeat+in+Libya&rft.pub=military.com&rft.date=2016-07-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.military.com%2Fdaily-news%2F2016%2F07%2F20%2Fun-isis-fighters-face-possible-defeat-libya.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-382"><a href="#cite_ref-382">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/checkpoint/wp/2016/08/09/u-s-special-operations-forces-are-providing-direct-on-the-ground-support-for-the-first-time-in-libya/">"U.S. Special Operations troops aiding Libyan forces in major battle against Islamic State"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. 9 August 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190421181354/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/checkpoint/wp/2016/08/09/u-s-special-operations-forces-are-providing-direct-on-the-ground-support-for-the-first-time-in-libya/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 April 2019. Retrieved 9 August 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=U.S.+Special+Operations+troops+aiding+Libyan+forces+in+major+battle+against+Islamic+State&rft.date=2016-08-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fcheckpoint%2Fwp%2F2016%2F08%2F09%2Fu-s-special-operations-forces-are-providing-direct-on-the-ground-support-for-the-first-time-in-libya%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto2-383">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto2_383-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto2_383-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-39031000">"IS in Afghanistan: How successful has the group been?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 25 February 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190612002843/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-39031000">Archived</a> from the original on 12 June 2019. Retrieved 21 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IS+in+Afghanistan%3A+How+successful+has+the+group+been%3F&rft.pub=BBC+News&rft.date=2017-02-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-39031000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC31290147-384"><a href="#cite_ref-BBC31290147_384-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-31290147">"Afghanistan drone strike 'kills IS commander Abdul Rauf'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 9 February 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180603043934/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-31290147">Archived</a> from the original on 3 June 2018. Retrieved 24 February 2015. <q>A drone strike in Afghanistan has killed a militant commander who recently swore allegiance to Islamic State (IS), officials say. The police chief of Helmand said that former Taliban commander Mullah Abdul Rauf had died in the strike.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Afghanistan+drone+strike+%27kills+IS+commander+Abdul+Rauf%27&rft.date=2015-02-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-31290147&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-385"><a href="#cite_ref-385">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stripes.com/news/islamic-state-struggles-to-grow-in-afghanistan-1.395337">"Islamic State struggles to grow in Afghanistan"</a>. 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Retrieved 25 February 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stars+and+Stripes&rft.atitle=Islamic+State+struggles+to+grow+in+Afghanistan&rft.date=2016-02-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stripes.com%2Fnews%2Fislamic-state-struggles-to-grow-in-afghanistan-1.395337&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-386"><a href="#cite_ref-386">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tribune.com.pk/story/917788/formert-ttp-leader-shahidullah-shahid-killed-in-drone-strike-reports/">"Former TTP leader Shahidullah Shahid killed in US drone strike"</a>. The Express Tribune. 9 July 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190331182838/https://tribune.com.pk/story/917788/formert-ttp-leader-shahidullah-shahid-killed-in-drone-strike-reports/">Archived</a> from the original on 31 March 2019. Retrieved 20 August 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Express+Tribune&rft.atitle=Former+TTP+leader+Shahidullah+Shahid+killed+in+US+drone+strike&rft.date=2015-07-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftribune.com.pk%2Fstory%2F917788%2Fformert-ttp-leader-shahidullah-shahid-killed-in-drone-strike-reports%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-387"><a href="#cite_ref-387">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/21/world/asia/obama-relaxes-rules-for-striking-isis-in-afghanistan.html">"Obama Relaxes Rules for Striking ISIS in Afghanistan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. 20 January 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190331115600/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/21/world/asia/obama-relaxes-rules-for-striking-isis-in-afghanistan.html">Archived</a> from the original on 31 March 2019. Retrieved 2 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Obama+Relaxes+Rules+for+Striking+ISIS+in+Afghanistan&rft.date=2016-01-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F01%2F21%2Fworld%2Fasia%2Fobama-relaxes-rules-for-striking-isis-in-afghanistan.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-388"><a href="#cite_ref-388">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2016/02/02/asia/isis-afghanistan-us-airstrikes/">"Afghan official: U.S. airstrikes hit ISIS radio station, kill 29 militants"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. 2 February 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160331083341/http://edition.cnn.com/2016/02/02/asia/isis-afghanistan-us-airstrikes/">Archived</a> from the original on 31 March 2016. 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Military Times. 14 April 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161013082535/http://www.militarytimes.com/story/veterans/2016/04/14/us-scales-back-threat-assessment-isis-afghanistan/83029346/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 October 2016. Retrieved 24 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Military+Times&rft.atitle=U.S.+scales+back+threat+assessment+for+ISIS+in+Afghanistan&rft.date=2016-04-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.militarytimes.com%2Fstory%2Fveterans%2F2016%2F04%2F14%2Fus-scales-back-threat-assessment-isis-afghanistan%2F83029346%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-398"><a href="#cite_ref-398">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarmer2016" class="citation news cs1">Farmer, Ben (26 June 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/06/26/dozens-killed-as-islamic-state-pushes-for-territory-in-afghanist/">"Dozens killed as Islamic State pushes for territory in Afghanistan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Telegraph</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/06/26/dozens-killed-as-islamic-state-pushes-for-territory-in-afghanist/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Dozens+killed+as+Islamic+State+pushes+for+territory+in+Afghanistan&rft.date=2016-06-26&rft.aulast=Farmer&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2F2016%2F06%2F26%2Fdozens-killed-as-islamic-state-pushes-for-territory-in-afghanist%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-399"><a href="#cite_ref-399">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-afghanistan-islamic-state-idUSKCN0ZC09S">"Islamic State militants launch new attacks in eastern Afghanistan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. 26 June 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181220201521/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-afghanistan-islamic-state-idUSKCN0ZC09S">Archived</a> from the original on 20 December 2018. Retrieved 26 June 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Islamic+State+militants+launch+new+attacks+in+eastern+Afghanistan&rft.date=2016-06-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-afghanistan-islamic-state-idUSKCN0ZC09S&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-400"><a href="#cite_ref-400">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jul/09/uk-afghanistan-troops-increase-david-cameron">"UK to increase troops in Afghanistan from 450 to 500"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. 8 July 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170207151415/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jul/09/uk-afghanistan-troops-increase-david-cameron">Archived</a> from the original on 7 February 2017. Retrieved 4 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=UK+to+increase+troops+in+Afghanistan+from+450+to+500&rft.date=2016-07-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2016%2Fjul%2F09%2Fuk-afghanistan-troops-increase-david-cameron&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-401"><a href="#cite_ref-401">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.militarytimes.com/story/military/2016/07/28/five-us-troops-wounded-afghanistan-operations-grow/87663788/">"American troops wounded fighting ISIS in Afghanistan as operations there grow"</a>. military.com. 28 July 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161231055958/http://www.militarytimes.com/story/military/2016/07/28/five-us-troops-wounded-afghanistan-operations-grow/87663788/">Archived</a> from the original on 31 December 2016. Retrieved 3 August 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=American+troops+wounded+fighting+ISIS+in+Afghanistan+as+operations+there+grow&rft.pub=military.com&rft.date=2016-07-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.militarytimes.com%2Fstory%2Fmilitary%2F2016%2F07%2F28%2Ffive-us-troops-wounded-afghanistan-operations-grow%2F87663788%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-402"><a href="#cite_ref-402">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.foxnews.com/world/2016/07/29/at-least-5-us-troops-wounded-in-afghanistan-fighting-islamic-state.html">"At least 5 US troops wounded in Afghanistan fighting Islamic State"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fox_News" title="Fox News">Fox News</a>. 29 July 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180708104104/http://www.foxnews.com/world/2016/07/29/at-least-5-us-troops-wounded-in-afghanistan-fighting-islamic-state.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 July 2018. Retrieved 3 August 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=At+least+5+US+troops+wounded+in+Afghanistan+fighting+Islamic+State&rft.pub=Fox+News&rft.date=2016-07-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fworld%2F2016%2F07%2F29%2Fat-least-5-us-troops-wounded-in-afghanistan-fighting-islamic-state.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-403"><a href="#cite_ref-403">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-afghanistan-operations-idUSKCN10A0FE">"Afghan troops press offensive against Islamic State"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. 30 July 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190331104030/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-afghanistan-operations-idUSKCN10A0FE">Archived</a> from the original on 31 March 2019. Retrieved 1 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Afghan+troops+press+offensive+against+Islamic+State&rft.date=2016-07-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-afghanistan-operations-idUSKCN10A0FE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-404"><a href="#cite_ref-404">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190418113845/https://www.yahoo.com/news/five-us-troops-wounded-afghanistan-military-says-175423691.html">"Five US troops wounded in Afghanistan, military says"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Yahoo!_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo! News">Yahoo! News</a>. 28 July 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yahoo.com/news/five-us-troops-wounded-afghanistan-military-says-175423691.html">the original</a> on 18 April 2019. Retrieved 3 August 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Five+US+troops+wounded+in+Afghanistan%2C+military+says&rft.pub=Yahoo%21+News&rft.date=2016-07-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yahoo.com%2Fnews%2Ffive-us-troops-wounded-afghanistan-military-says-175423691.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-405"><a href="#cite_ref-405">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-36892100">"Key Islamic State leader Saad Emarati 'killed in Afghanistan'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 26 July 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190331144519/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-36892100">Archived</a> from the original on 31 March 2019. 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Retrieved 14 August 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Isis%27s+leader+in+Pakistan+and+Afghanistan+killed+in+US+drone+strike&rft.date=2016-08-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2016%2Faug%2F12%2Fisis-leader-pakistan-afghanistan-hafiz-saeed-khan-killed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-407"><a href="#cite_ref-407">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nbcwashington.com/news/local/Maryland-Soldier-Killed-By-Roadside-Bomb-In-Afghanistan-396091811.html">"Maryland Soldier Killed by Roadside Bomb in Afghanistan"</a>. 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That's scary news"</a>. 2 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ISIS+is+threatening+Hamas+in+Gaza.+That%27s+scary+news&rft.date=2015-07-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vox.com%2F2015%2F7%2F2%2F8886317%2Fisis-hamas-gaza&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-RÛDAW_2015-458"><a href="#cite_ref-RÛDAW_2015_458-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rudaw.net/kurmanci/world/010720152">"DAIŞê gef li Hemasê jî xwar"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rudaw_Media_Network" title="Rudaw Media Network">RÛDAW</a> (Latin Kurdish) (in Latin Kurdish). Iraq: www.rudaw.net. 2015. Retrieved 13 October 2024. <q>Ew çekdarê DAIŞê dibêje, divê dewleta cihûyan (Îsraîl) û Hemas û Feth bizanin ku emê koka wan biqelînin û wan tine bikin. Sebeba wê yekê ku DAIŞ gefê li Hemasê dixwe, ew e ku qaşo Hemas nikare li Filistînê bi taybet li Xeze û kampa Yermûkê (kampa penaberên filistînî li Sûriyê) pîvanên îslamê bicîh bîne. 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Retrieved 9 October 2024. <q>Al-Qassam said in a brief statement at dawn on Thursday: "The martyr Al-Jaafari was one of the officers of the Border Guards Force and was martyred after one of the elements of the deviant ideology blew himself up in the security force on the Palestinian-Egyptian border".</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Factions+condemn+Rafah+bombing%2C+describing+it+as+%22terrorist%22&rft.date=2017-08-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpaltimes.ps%2Fpost%2F171660%2F%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2581%25D8%25B5%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A6%25D9%2584-%25D8%25AA%25D8%25AF%25D9%258A%25D9%2586-%25D8%25AA%25D9%2581%25D8%25AC%25D9%258A%25D8%25B1-%25D8%25B1%25D9%2581%25D8%25AD-%25D9%2588%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B5%25D9%2581%25D9%2587-%25D8%25A8%25D9%2580-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25A5%25D8%25B1%25D9%2587%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A8%25D9%258A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-toi_war_video-463">^ <a href="#cite_ref-toi_war_video_463-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-toi_war_video_463-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-toi_war_video_463-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20241009080825/https://www.timesofisrael.com/islamic-state-in-sinai-declares-war-on-hamas-in-gruesome-execution-video/">"Islamic State in Sinai declares war on Hamas in gruesome execution video"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_Israel" title="The Times of Israel">The Times of Israel</a>. 4 January 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/islamic-state-in-sinai-declares-war-on-hamas-in-gruesome-execution-video/">the original</a> on 9 October 2024. 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Retrieved 9 July 2016. <q>They will join the 450 British troops already in the country - and will aid counter-terrorism efforts and provide leadership training.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=UK+to+send+50+additional+troops+to+Afghanistan&rft.date=2016-07-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-36753390&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+against+the+Islamic+State" class="Z3988">; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/government/case-studies/better-canals-bigger-harvests-and-more-electricity-in-bamyan">"Better Canals, bigger harvests and more electricity in Bamyan"</a>. Department for International Development. 1 February 2016. 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402173535/http://midwestdiplomacy.com/2015/03/23/how-tikrit-has-changed-the-war/">How Tikrit has Changed the War - Counteroffensive in Tikrit March 2015</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://warontherocks.com/2018/05/air-superiority-under-2000-feet-lessons-from-waging-drone-warfare-against-isil/">Air Superiority Under 2000 Feet: Lessons From Waging Drone Warfare Against ISIL</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141021031353/http://www.defense.gov/home/features/2014/0814_iraq/Airstrikes6.html">Operation Inherent Resolve airstrike updates</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161119012418/http://www.agathocledesyracuse.com/">ISIL frontline maps (Iraq and Syria)</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Hafs_al-Hashimi_al-Qurashi" title="Abu Hafs al-Hashimi al-Qurashi">Abu Hafs al-Hashimi al-Qurashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Hudhayfah_Al-Ansari" title="Abu Hudhayfah Al-Ansari">Abu Hudhayfah Al-Ansari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Qadir_Mumin" title="Abdul Qadir Mumin">Abdul Qadir Mumin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Fatima_al-Jaheishi" title="Abu Fatima al-Jaheishi">Abu Fatima al-Jaheishi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Yusaf" title="Abu Yusaf">Abu Yusaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Baraa_el-Azdi" title="Abu al-Baraa el-Azdi">Abu al-Baraa el-Azdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Habib_al-Libi" title="Abu Habib al-Libi">Abu Habib al-Libi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Jandal_al-Masri" title="Abu Jandal al-Masri">Abu Jandal al-Masri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zulfi_Hoxha" title="Zulfi Hoxha">Zulfi Hoxha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bajro_Ikanovi%C4%87" title="Bajro Ikanović">Bajro Ikanović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faysal_Ahmad_Ali_al-Zahrani" title="Faysal Ahmad Ali al-Zahrani">Faysal Ahmad Ali al-Zahrani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatiha_Mejjati" title="Fatiha Mejjati">Fatiha Mejjati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahlam_al-Nasr" title="Ahlam al-Nasr">Ahlam al-Nasr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Issam_Abuanza" title="Issam Abuanza">Issam Abuanza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musa_Baluku" title="Musa Baluku">Musa Baluku</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a> Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ibrahim_al-Hashimi_al-Qurashi" title="Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi">Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Hasan_al-Hashimi_al-Qurashi" title="Abu al-Hasan al-Hashimi al-Qurashi">Abu al-Hasan al-Hashimi al-Qurashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Hussein_al-Husseini_al-Qurashi" title="Abu al-Hussein al-Husseini al-Qurashi">Abu al-Hussein al-Husseini al-Qurashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ahmad_al-Alwani" title="Abu Ahmad al-Alwani">Abu Ahmad al-Alwani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haji_Bakr" title="Haji Bakr">Haji Bakr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Usamah_al-Maghrebi" title="Abu Usamah al-Maghrebi">Abu Usamah al-Maghrebi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Abdulrahman_al-Bilawi" title="Abu Abdulrahman al-Bilawi">Abu Abdulrahman al-Bilawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Muhannad_al-Suwaydawi" title="Abu Muhannad al-Suwaydawi">Abu Muhannad al-Suwaydawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Rauf_Aliza" title="Abdul Rauf Aliza">Abdul Rauf Aliza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Sayyaf_(Islamic_State_leader)" title="Abu Sayyaf (Islamic State leader)">Abu Sayyaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Awni_al-Harzi" title="Ali Awni al-Harzi">Ali Awni al-Harzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tariq_al-Harzi" title="Tariq al-Harzi">Tariq al-Harzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Khattab_al-Tunisi" title="Abu Khattab al-Tunisi">Abu Khattab al-Tunisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maher_Meshaal" title="Maher Meshaal">Maher Meshaal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Muslim_al-Turkmani" title="Abu Muslim al-Turkmani">Abu Muslim al-Turkmani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Saleh" title="Abu Saleh">Abu Saleh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jihadi_John" title="Jihadi John">Mohammed Emwazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Nabil_al-Anbari" title="Abu Nabil al-Anbari">Abu Nabil al-Anbari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ali_al-Anbari" title="Abu Ali al-Anbari">Abu Ali al-Anbari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Waheeb" title="Abu Waheeb">Abu Waheeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Aswad_al-Jiburi" title="Ali Aswad al-Jiburi">Ali Aswad al-Jiburi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Omar_al-Shishani" title="Abu Omar al-Shishani">Abu Omar al-Shishani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El-Hassen_Ould_Khalill_Jouleibib" class="mw-redirect" title="El-Hassen Ould Khalill Jouleibib">El-Hassen Ould Khalill Jouleibib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Mohammad_al-Adnani" title="Abu Mohammad al-Adnani">Abu Mohammad al-Adnani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Hamza_Al-Qurashi" title="Abu Hamza Al-Qurashi">Abu Hamza Al-Qurashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Muhammad_al-Furqan" title="Abu Muhammad al-Furqan">Abu Muhammad al-Furqan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Jandal_al-Kuwaiti" title="Abu Jandal al-Kuwaiti">Abu Jandal al-Kuwaiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bilal_al-Harbi" title="Abu Bilal al-Harbi">Abu Bilal al-Harbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Abousamra" title="Ahmad Abousamra">Ahmad Abousamra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turki_al-Binali" title="Turki al-Binali">Turki al-Binali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tareq_Kamleh" title="Tareq Kamleh">Tareq Kamleh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavdrim_Muhaxheri" title="Lavdrim Muhaxheri">Lavdrim Muhaxheri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Osama_al-Masri" title="Abu Osama al-Masri">Abu Osama al-Masri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abul-Hasan_al-Muhajir" title="Abul-Hasan al-Muhajir">Abul-Hasan al-Muhajir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Muhammad_al-Shimali" title="Abu Muhammad al-Shimali">Abu Muhammad al-Shimali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulmurod_Khalimov" title="Gulmurod Khalimov">Gulmurod Khalimov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Nasser_Qardash" title="Abdul Nasser Qardash">Abdul Nasser Qardash</a> (captured)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Yasser_al-Issawi" title="Abu Yasser al-Issawi">Abu Yasser al-Issawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adnan_Abu_Walid_al-Sahrawi" title="Adnan Abu Walid al-Sahrawi">Adnan Abu Walid al-Sahrawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Hamza_Al-Qurashi" title="Abu Hamza Al-Qurashi">Abu Hamza Al-Qurashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_al-Hindi" class="mw-redirect" title="Yusuf al-Hindi">Yusuf al-Hindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Omar_al-Muhajir" title="Abu Omar al-Muhajir">Abu Omar al-Muhajir</a> (captured)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Othman_al-Nazih" title="Othman al-Nazih">Othman al-Nazih</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamal_Udeen_Al-Harith" title="Jamal Udeen Al-Harith">Jamal Udeen Al-Harith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aine_Davis" title="Aine Davis">Aine Davis</a> (captured)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexanda_Kotey" title="Alexanda Kotey">Alexanda Kotey</a> (captured)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Shafee_Elsheikh" title="El Shafee Elsheikh">El Shafee Elsheikh</a> (captured)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Cuspert" title="Denis Cuspert">Denis Cuspert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdelhamid_Abaaoud" title="Abdelhamid Abaaoud">Abdelhamid Abaaoud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boubaker_El_Hakim" title="Boubaker El Hakim">Boubaker El Hakim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Islamic_State" title="History of the Islamic State">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jama%27at_al-Tawhid_wal-Jihad" title="Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad">Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad</a> (1999–2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_in_Iraq" title="Al-Qaeda in Iraq">Al-Qaeda in Iraq</a> (2004–2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mujahideen_Shura_Council_(Iraq)" title="Mujahideen Shura Council (Iraq)">Mujahideen Shura Council</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq" title="Islamic State of Iraq">Islamic State of Iraq</a> (2006–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State#Name" title="Islamic State">Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant</a> (2013–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">Islamic State</a> (2014–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_terrorist_incidents_linked_to_the_Islamic_State" title="List of terrorist incidents linked to the Islamic State">Timeline of events</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Islamic_State_(2013)" title="Timeline of the Islamic State (2013)">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Islamic_State_(2014)" title="Timeline of the Islamic State (2014)">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Islamic_State_(2015)" title="Timeline of the Islamic State (2015)">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Islamic_State_(2016)" title="Timeline of the Islamic State (2016)">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Islamic_State_(2017)" title="Timeline of the Islamic State (2017)">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Islamic_State_(2018)" title="Timeline of the Islamic State (2018)">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Islamic_State_(2019)" title="Timeline of the Islamic State (2019)">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Islamic_State_(2020)" title="Timeline of the Islamic State (2020)">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_terrorist_incidents_linked_to_the_Islamic_State#2021" title="List of terrorist incidents linked to the Islamic State">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_terrorist_incidents_linked_to_the_Islamic_State#2022" title="List of terrorist incidents linked to the Islamic State">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_terrorist_incidents_linked_to_the_Islamic_State#2023" title="List of terrorist incidents linked to the Islamic State">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Islamic_State_(2024)" title="Timeline of the Islamic State (2024)">2024</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_the_Islamic_State#Specific_territorial_claims" title="Territory of the Islamic State">Groups</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International branches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Khorasan_Province" title="Islamic State – Khorasan Province">Khorasan Province (Afghanistan and Pakistan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Libya_Province" title="Islamic State – Libya Province">Libyan Provinces (Libya)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Caucasus_Province" title="Islamic State – Caucasus Province">Caucasus Province (North Caucasus, Russia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Sinai_Province" title="Islamic State – Sinai Province">Sinai Province (Sinai, Egypt)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Algeria_Province" title="Islamic State – Algeria Province">Algeria Province (Algeria)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Yemen_Province" title="Islamic State – Yemen Province">Yemen Province (Yemen)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_in_Somalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State in Somalia">Abnaa ul-Khilafah (Somalia and Somaliland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Bengal_Province" title="Islamic State – Bengal Province">Bengal Province (Bangladesh)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram" title="Boko Haram">Boko Haram (Nigeria, Cameroon, Chad, Niger and Mali)</a> (2015–2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_West_Africa_Province" title="Islamic State – West Africa Province">West Africa Province (Nigeria, Cameroon, Chad and Niger)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Central_Africa_Province" title="Islamic State – Central Africa Province">Central Africa Province (DR Congo and Uganda)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Sahil_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State – Sahil Province">Sahil Province (Mali, Niger and Burkina Faso)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Hind_Province" title="Islamic State – Hind Province">Hind Province (India)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Pakistan_Province" title="Islamic State – Pakistan Province">Pakistan Province ((Pakistan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Turkey_Province" title="Islamic State – Turkey Province">Turkey Province (Turkey)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Mozambique_Province&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Islamic State – Mozambique Province (page does not exist)">Mozambique Province (Mozambique)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalid_ibn_al-Walid_Army" title="Khalid ibn al-Walid Army">Khalid ibn al-Walid Army (Syria)</a> (2016–2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Omar_Hadid_Brigade" title="Sheikh Omar Hadid Brigade">Sheikh Omar Hadid Brigade (Gaza)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Sayyaf" title="Abu Sayyaf">Abu Sayyaf (Philippines)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ansar_Khalifa_Philippines" title="Ansar Khalifa Philippines">Ansar Khalifa (Philippines)</a> (2014–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ansar_al-Khilafah_Brazil" title="Ansar al-Khilafah Brazil">Ansar al-Khilafah Brazil (Brazil)</a> (2016–2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Indonesia_Mujahideen" title="East Indonesia Mujahideen">East Indonesia Mujahideen (Indonesia)</a> (2014–2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unorganized cells</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_the_Islamic_State#Azerbaijan" title="Territory of the Islamic State">Azerbaijan Province (Azerbaijan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Islamic State in Jammu and Kashmir">Jammu and Kashmir Province (Jammu and Kashmir)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_in_Kurdistan" title="Islamic State in Kurdistan">Kurdistan Province (Kurdistan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_the_Islamic_State#Saudi_Arabia" title="Territory of the Islamic State">Haramayn Province (Saudi Arabia and Bahrain)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_the_Islamic_State#Lebanon_and_Tunisia" title="Territory of the Islamic State">Lebanon Province (Lebanon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_the_Islamic_State#Lebanon_and_Tunisia" title="Territory of the Islamic State">Jund al Khilafah in Tunisia (Tunisia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brussels_Islamic_State_terror_cell" title="Brussels Islamic State terror cell">Brussels Islamic State terror cell (Belgium)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_and_battles_involving_the_Islamic_State" title="List of wars and battles involving the Islamic State">Wars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">War on terror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_insurgency_(2003%E2%80%932011)" title="Iraqi insurgency (2003–2011)">Insurgency (2003–2011)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_civil_war_(2006%E2%80%932008)" title="Iraqi civil war (2006–2008)">Iraqi civil war (2006–2008)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_insurgency_(2011%E2%80%932013)" title="Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)">Insurgency (2011–2013)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)" title="War in Iraq (2013–2017)">War in Iraq (2013–2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_insurgency_in_Iraq_(2017%E2%80%93present)" title="Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017–present)">Insurgency (2017–present)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spillover_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Spillover of the Syrian civil war">Spillover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war_spillover_in_Lebanon" title="Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon">Spillover in Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition%E2%80%93Islamic_State_conflict_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Opposition–Islamic State conflict during the Syrian civil war">Opposition–Islamic State conflict</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinai_insurgency" title="Sinai insurgency">Sinai insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%932020)" title="Libyan civil war (2014–2020)">Second Libyan Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Cabo_Delgado" title="Insurgency in Cabo Delgado">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamist_insurgency_in_the_Sahel" title="Islamist insurgency in the Sahel">Islamist insurgency in the Sahel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mali_War" title="Mali War">Mali War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State%E2%80%93Taliban_conflict" title="Islamic State–Taliban conflict">Conflict with Taliban</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moro_conflict" title="Moro conflict">Moro conflict (1968–2019)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_insurgency_in_Yemen" title="Al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen">al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%93present)" title="Yemeni civil war (2014–present)">Yemeni civil war (2014–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram_insurgency" title="Boko Haram insurgency">Boko Haram insurgency</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Military intervention against IS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/US-led_intervention_in_Iraq_(2014%E2%80%932021)" title="US-led intervention in Iraq (2014–2021)">US intervention in Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/US_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="US intervention in the Syrian civil war">US intervention in Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Russian intervention in the Syrian civil war">Russian intervention in Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Euphrates_Shield" title="Operation Euphrates Shield">Turkish operation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_Civil_War_(2009%E2%80%93present)" title="Somali Civil War (2009–present)">Somalia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_and_battles_involving_the_Islamic_State" title="List of wars and battles involving the Islamic State">Battles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2013</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akashat_ambush" title="Akashat ambush">Akashat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Hawija_clashes" title="2013 Hawija clashes">Hawija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raqqa_campaign_(2012%E2%80%932013)" title="Raqqa campaign (2012–2013)">Raqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_al-Shabah" title="Operation al-Shabah">Al-Shabah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ras_al-Ayn_(2012%E2%80%9313)" title="Battle of Ras al-Ayn (2012–13)">Ras al-Ayn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tell_Abyad_(2013)" title="Battle of Tell Abyad (2013)">Tell Abyad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Latakia_offensive" title="2013 Latakia offensive">Latakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Menagh_Air_Base" title="Siege of Menagh Air Base">Menagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sidi_Ali_Ben_Aoun" title="Battle of Sidi Ali Ben Aoun">Sidi Ali Ben Aoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sadad" title="Battle of Sadad">Sadad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Qalamoun_(2013%E2%80%932014)" title="Battle of Qalamoun (2013–2014)">Qalamoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(October%E2%80%93December_2013)" title="Aleppo offensive (October–December 2013)">Aleppo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Yaarubiyah" title="Battle of al-Yaarubiyah">Al-Yaarubiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tell_Hamis_and_Tell_Brak_(December_2013%E2%80%93January_2014)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Tell Hamis and Tell Brak (December 2013–January 2014)">Tell Hamis and Tell Brak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anbar_campaign_(2013%E2%80%932014)" title="Anbar campaign (2013–2014)">Anbar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2014</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Fallujah" title="Fall of Fallujah">Fallujah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Aleppo_offensive_(February%E2%80%93July_2014)" title="Northern Aleppo offensive (February–July 2014)">N Aleppo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Markada" title="Battle of Markada">Markada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Iraq_offensive_(June_2014)" title="Northern Iraq offensive (June 2014)">N Iraq (Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Mosul" title="Fall of Mosul">Mosul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salahuddin_campaign" title="Salahuddin campaign">Salahuddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Baiji" title="Fall of Baiji">Baiji (Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Tikrit" title="First Battle of Tikrit">Tikrit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Iraq_offensive_(August_2014)" title="Northern Iraq offensive (August 2014)">N Iraq (Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Koban%C3%AE" title="Siege of Kobanî">Kobanî</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinjar_massacre" title="Sinjar massacre">Sinjar (Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derna_campaign_(2014%E2%80%932016)" title="Derna campaign (2014–2016)">Derna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ramadi_(2014%E2%80%932015)" title="Battle of Ramadi (2014–2015)">Ramadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(December_2014)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (December 2014)">Deir ez-Zor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baiji_(2014%E2%80%932015)" title="Battle of Baiji (2014–2015)">Baiji (14–15)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2014_Sinjar_offensive" title="December 2014 Sinjar offensive">Sinjar (Dec)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zumar" title="Battle of Zumar">Zumar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Amirli" title="Siege of Amirli">Amirli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2015</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Nofaliya_(2015)" title="Fall of Nofaliya (2015)">Nofaliya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_West_African_offensive" title="2015 West African offensive">W Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2015_Egyptian_airstrikes_in_Libya" title="February 2015 Egyptian airstrikes in Libya">Egyptian airstrikes in Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Niger_raid" class="mw-redirect" title="2015 Niger raid">Niger raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_al-Hasakah_offensive" title="Eastern al-Hasakah offensive">E al-Hasakah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Tikrit" title="Second Battle of Tikrit">Tikrit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sirte_(2015)" title="Battle of Sirte (2015)">Sirte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hama_and_Homs_offensive_(March%E2%80%93April_2015)" title="Hama and Homs offensive (March–April 2015)">Hama & Homs (Mar–Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sarrin_(March%E2%80%93April_2015)" title="Battle of Sarrin (March–April 2015)">Sarrin (Mar–Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Yarmouk_Camp_(2015)" title="Battle of Yarmouk Camp (2015)">Yarmouk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalamoun_offensive_(May%E2%80%93June_2015)" title="Qalamoun offensive (May–June 2015)">Qalamoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(May_2015)" title="Palmyra offensive (May 2015)">Palmyra (May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_al-Hasakah_offensive" title="Western al-Hasakah offensive">W al-Hasakah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hasakah_city_offensive" title="Al-Hasakah city offensive">Al-Hasakah city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Abyad_offensive" title="Tell Abyad offensive">Tell Abyad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sarrin_(June%E2%80%93July_2015)" title="Battle of Sarrin (June–July 2015)">Sarrin (Jun–Jul)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Hasakah_(2015)" title="Battle of al-Hasakah (2015)">Al-Hasakah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koban%C3%AE_massacre" title="Kobanî massacre">Kobani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(July%E2%80%93August_2015)" title="Palmyra offensive (July–August 2015)">Palmyra (Jul–Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ramadi_(2015%E2%80%932016)" title="Battle of Ramadi (2015–2016)">Ramadi (15–16)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Qaryatayn_(2015)" title="Battle of al-Qaryatayn (2015)">Al-Qaryatayn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_al-Hawl_offensive" title="2015 al-Hawl offensive">Al-Hawl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homs_offensive_(November%E2%80%93December_2015)" title="Homs offensive (November–December 2015)">Homs (Nov–Dec)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2015_Sinjar_offensive" title="November 2015 Sinjar offensive">Sinjar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Aleppo_offensive_(2015%E2%80%932016)" title="East Aleppo offensive (2015–2016)">E Aleppo (15–16)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nineveh_Plains_offensive" title="Nineveh Plains offensive">Niveneh Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tishrin_Dam_offensive" title="Tishrin Dam offensive">Tishrin Dam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2016</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(2016)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (2016)">Deir ez-Zor (Jan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Fallujah_(2016)" title="Siege of Fallujah (2016)">Fallujah (Feb–May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nangarhar_offensive_(2016)" title="Nangarhar offensive (2016)">Nangarhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ben_Guerdane" title="Battle of Ben Guerdane">Ben Guerdane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ithriyah-Raqqa_offensive_(February%E2%80%93March_2016)" title="Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (February–March 2016)">Ithriyah-Raqqa (Feb–Mar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shaddadi_offensive_(2016)" title="Al-Shaddadi offensive (2016)">Al-Shaddadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Khanasir_offensive" title="2016 Khanasir offensive">Khanasir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Qaryatayn_(2016)" title="Battle of al-Qaryatayn (2016)">Al-Qaryatayn (Mar–Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(March_2016)" title="Palmyra offensive (March 2016)">Palmyra (Mar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Aleppo_offensive_(March%E2%80%93June_2016)" title="Northern Aleppo offensive (March–June 2016)">N Aleppo (Mar–Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hit_(2016)" title="Battle of Hit (2016)">Hīt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tipo-Tipo" title="Battle of Tipo-Tipo">Tipo-Tipo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sirte_(2016)" title="Battle of Sirte (2016)">Sirte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ar-Rutbah_(2016)" title="Battle of Ar-Rutbah (2016)">Ar-Rutbah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Raqqa_offensive" title="Northern Raqqa offensive">N Raqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Fallujah" title="Third Battle of Fallujah">Fallujah (May–Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manbij_offensive" title="Manbij offensive">Manbij</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ithriyah-Raqqa_offensive_(June_2016)" title="Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (June 2016)">Ithriyah-Raqqa (Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Abu_Kamal_offensive" title="2016 Abu Kamal offensive">Abu Kamal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Rai_(August_2016)" title="Battle of al-Rai (August 2016)">al-Rai (Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_al-Bab_offensive_(September_2016)" title="Northern al-Bab offensive (September 2016)">N al-Bab (Sep)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_al-Bab_offensive_(September_2016)" title="Western al-Bab offensive (September 2016)">W al-Bab (Sep)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Dabiq_offensive" title="2016 Dabiq offensive">Dabiq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_al-Bab_offensive_(October%E2%80%93November_2016)" title="Western al-Bab offensive (October–November 2016)">W al-Bab (Oct–Nov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Bab" title="Battle of al-Bab">Al-Bab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(November%E2%80%93December_2016)" title="Aleppo offensive (November–December 2016)">Aleppo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(December_2016)" title="Palmyra offensive (December 2016)">Palmyra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2017</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mosul_(2016%E2%80%932017)" title="Battle of Mosul (2016–2017)">Mosul (16–17)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raqqa_campaign_(2016%E2%80%932017)" title="Raqqa campaign (2016–2017)">Raqqa (16–17)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(2017)" title="Palmyra offensive (2017)">Palmyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(January%E2%80%93February_2017)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (January–February 2017)">Deir ez-Zor (Jan–Feb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Aleppo_offensive_(2017)" title="East Aleppo offensive (2017)">E Aleppo (Jan–Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Homs_offensive_(2017)" title="Eastern Homs offensive (2017)">E Homs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hama_offensive_(March%E2%80%93April_2017)" title="Hama offensive (March–April 2017)">Hama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Western_Nineveh_offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="2017 Western Nineveh offensive">W Nineveh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tabqa" title="Battle of Tabqa">Tabqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Desert_campaign_(December_2016%E2%80%93April_2017)" title="Syrian Desert campaign (December 2016–April 2017)">Syrian Desert (Dec 16–Apr 17)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Desert_campaign_(May%E2%80%93July_2017)" title="Syrian Desert campaign (May–July 2017)">Syrian Desert (May–Jul)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maskanah_Plains_offensive" title="Maskanah Plains offensive">Maskanah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Marawi" title="Siege of Marawi">Marawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Raqqa_(2017)" title="Battle of Raqqa (2017)">Raqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Southern_Raqqa_offensive" title="2017 Southern Raqqa offensive">S Raqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Syria_campaign" title="Central Syria campaign">C Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tal_Afar_(2017)" title="Battle of Tal Afar (2017)">Tal Afar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_campaign_(2017%E2%80%932019)" title="Deir ez-Zor campaign (2017–2019)">Deir ez-Zor (17–19)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hawija" title="Battle of Hawija">Hawija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Syria_campaign_(September%E2%80%93December_2017)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Syria campaign (September–December 2017)">E Syria (Sep–Dec)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_campaign_(October_2017%E2%80%93February_2018)" title="Northwestern Syria campaign (October 2017–February 2018)">NW Syria (Oct 17–Feb 18)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Abu_Kamal_offensive" title="2017 Abu Kamal offensive">Abu Kamal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Western_Iraq_campaign" title="2017 Western Iraq campaign">W Iraq</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2018</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/As-Suwayda_offensive_(June_2018)" title="As-Suwayda offensive (June 2018)">As-Suwayda (Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Southern_Syria_offensive" title="2018 Southern Syria offensive">S Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/As-Suwayda_offensive_(August%E2%80%93November_2018)" title="As-Suwayda offensive (August–November 2018)">As-Suwayda (Aug–Nov)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2019</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_campaign_(2017%E2%80%932019)#Battle_of_Hajin" title="Deir ez-Zor campaign (2017–2019)">Hajin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baghuz_Fawqani" title="Battle of Baghuz Fawqani">Baghuz Fawqani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Death of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Barisha raid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chinagodrar" title="Battle of Chinagodrar">Chinagodrar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Danag" title="Battle of Danag">Danag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moc%C3%ADmboa_da_Praia_offensive" title="Mocímboa da Praia offensive">Mocímboa da Praia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Bayda_offensive" title="Al Bayda offensive">Al Bayda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2021</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tessit_(2021)" title="Battle of Tessit (2021)">Tessit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Palma" title="Battle of Palma">Palma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sambisa_Forest_(2021)" title="Battle of Sambisa Forest (2021)">Sambisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Adnan_Abu_Walid_al-Sahrawi" title="Killing of Adnan Abu Walid al-Sahrawi">Dangarous</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2022</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Hasakah_(2022)" title="Battle of al-Hasakah (2022)">Al-Hasakah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ibrahim_al-Hashimi_al-Qurashi#Death" title="Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi">Atme raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_And%C3%A9ramboukane_(2022)" title="Battle of Andéramboukane (2022)">Andéramboukane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Talataye_(2022)" title="Battle of Talataye (2022)">Talataye</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2023</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Falagountou" title="Battle of Falagountou">Falagountou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_terrorist_incidents_linked_to_the_Islamic_State" title="List of terrorist incidents linked to the Islamic State">Attacks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2014</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Museum_of_Belgium_shooting" title="Jewish Museum of Belgium shooting">Jewish Museum of Belgium shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_Speicher_massacre" title="Camp Speicher massacre">Camp Speicher massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu_ramming_attack" title="2014 Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu ramming attack">Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu ramming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2015</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hypercacher_kosher_supermarket_siege" title="Hypercacher kosher supermarket siege">Hypercacher kosher supermarket siege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_kidnapping_and_beheading_of_Copts_in_Libya" title="2015 kidnapping and beheading of Copts in Libya">Beheading of Copts in Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Corinthia_Hotel_attack" title="2015 Corinthia Hotel attack">Corinthia Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Qubbah_bombings" title="Al Qubbah bombings">Al Qubbah bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bardo_National_Museum_attack" title="Bardo National Museum attack">Bardo National Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2015_Sanaa_mosque_bombings" title="March 2015 Sanaa mosque bombings">Sanaa bombings (Mar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Jalalabad_suicide_bombing" title="2015 Jalalabad suicide bombing">Jalalabad bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtis_Culwell_Center_attack" title="Curtis Culwell Center attack">Curtis Culwell Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatif_and_Dammam_mosque_bombings" title="Qatif and Dammam mosque bombings">Qatif & Dammam bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/26_June_2015_Islamist_attacks" title="26 June 2015 Islamist attacks">26 June</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Koban%C3%AE_massacre" title="Kobanî massacre">Kobanî massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Quentin-Fallavier_attack" title="Saint-Quentin-Fallavier attack">Saint-Quentin-Fallavier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Kuwait_mosque_bombing" title="2015 Kuwait mosque bombing">Kuwait mosque bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Sousse_attacks" title="2015 Sousse attacks">Sousse</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Khan_Bani_Saad_bombing" title="2015 Khan Bani Saad bombing">Khan Bani Saad bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suru%C3%A7_bombing" title="Suruç bombing">Suruç bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2015_Baghdad_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="August 2015 Baghdad bombing">Baghdad bombing (Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2015_Sanaa_mosque_bombing" title="September 2015 Sanaa mosque bombing">Sanaa bombing (Sep)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Ankara_bombings" title="2015 Ankara bombings">Ankara bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Saihat_shooting" title="2015 Saihat shooting">Saihat shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metrojet_Flight_9268" title="Metrojet Flight 9268">Metrojet Flight 9268</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Beirut_bombings" title="2015 Beirut bombings">Beirut bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2015_Paris_attacks" title="November 2015 Paris attacks">Paris (Nov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Tunis_bombing" title="2015 Tunis bombing">Tunis bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_San_Bernardino_attack" title="2015 San Bernardino attack">San Bernardino attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Qamishli_bombings" title="2015 Qamishli bombings">Qamishli bombings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2016</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zliten_truck_bombing" title="Zliten truck bombing">Zliten truck bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Hurghada_attack" title="2016 Hurghada attack">Hurghada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2016_Istanbul_bombing" title="January 2016 Istanbul bombing">Istanbul bombing (Jan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Jakarta_attacks" title="2016 Jakarta attacks">Jakarta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Ramadi_bombing" title="2016 Ramadi bombing">Ramadi bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahasin_mosque_attack" title="Mahasin mosque attack">Mahasin mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2016_Sayyidah_Zaynab_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="January 2016 Sayyidah Zaynab attack">Sayyidah Zaynab (Jan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Mosul_massacre" title="2016 Mosul massacre">Mosul massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2016_Homs_bombings" title="February 2016 Homs bombings">Homs bombings (Feb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2016_Sayyidah_Zaynab_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="February 2016 Sayyidah Zaynab bombings">Sayyidah Zaynab bombings (Feb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2016_Baghdad_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="February 2016 Baghdad bombings">Baghdad bombings (Feb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2016_Istanbul_bombing" title="March 2016 Istanbul bombing">Istanbul bombing (Mar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Brussels_bombings" title="2016 Brussels bombings">Brussels bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Aden_car_bombing" title="2016 Aden car bombing">Aden bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iskandariya_suicide_bombing" title="Iskandariya suicide bombing">Iskandariya bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2016_Baghdad_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="April 2016 Baghdad bombing">Baghdad bombing (Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Samawa_bombing" title="2016 Samawa bombing">Samawa bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2016_Gaziantep_bombing" title="May 2016 Gaziantep bombing">Gaziantep bombing (May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11_May_2016_Baghdad_bombings" title="11 May 2016 Baghdad bombings">Baghdad bombings (11 May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Madrid_fan_club_massacres" title="Real Madrid fan club massacres">Real Madrid fan club massacres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Taji_gas_plant_attack" title="2016 Taji gas plant attack">Baghdad gas plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2016_Yemen_police_bombings" title="May 2016 Yemen police bombings">Yemen police bombings (15 May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2016_Baghdad_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="May 2016 Baghdad bombings">Baghdad bombings (17 May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2016_Jableh_and_Tartous_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="May 2016 Jableh and Tartous bombings">Jableh & Tartous bombings (May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/23_May_2016_Yemen_bombings" title="23 May 2016 Yemen bombings">Yemen bombings (23 May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Aktobe_shootings" title="2016 Aktobe shootings">Aktobe shootings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting" title="Pulse nightclub shooting">Pulse nightclub shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Magnanville_stabbing" title="2016 Magnanville stabbing">Magnanville stabbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2016_Mukalla_attacks" title="June 2016 Mukalla attacks">Mukalla (Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Movida_Bar_grenade_attack" title="2016 Movida Bar grenade attack">Movida Bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Atat%C3%BCrk_Airport_attack" title="2016 Atatürk Airport attack">Atatürk Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2016_Dhaka_attack" title="July 2016 Dhaka attack">Dhaka (Jul)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Karrada_bombing" title="2016 Karrada bombing">Karrada bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Ali_al-Hadi_Mausoleum_attack" title="Muhammad ibn Ali al-Hadi Mausoleum attack">Muhammad ibn Ali al-Hadi Mausoleum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Nice_truck_attack" title="2016 Nice truck attack">Nice truck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrzburg_train_attack" title="Würzburg train attack">Würzburg train</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2016_Kabul_bombing" title="July 2016 Kabul bombing">Kabul bombing (Jul)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Ansbach_bombing" title="2016 Ansbach bombing">Ansbach bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Normandy_church_attack" title="2016 Normandy church attack">Normandy church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2016_Qamishli_bombings" title="July 2016 Qamishli bombings">Qamishli bombings (Jul)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_stabbing_of_Charleroi_police_officers" title="2016 stabbing of Charleroi police officers">Charleroi stabbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shchelkovo_Highway_police_station_attack" title="Shchelkovo Highway police station attack">Shchelkovo Highway police station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2016_Aden_bombing" title="August 2016 Aden bombing">Aden bombing (Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5_September_2016_Syria_bombings" title="5 September 2016 Syria bombings">Syria bombings (5 Sep)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9_September_2016_Baghdad_bombings" title="9 September 2016 Baghdad bombings">Baghdad bombings (9 Sep)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2016_Baghdad_attacks" title="October 2016 Baghdad attacks">Baghdad bombings (Oct)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Quetta_police_training_college_attack" title="2016 Quetta police training college attack">Quetta police college</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamam_al-Alil_massacre" title="Hamam al-Alil massacre">Hamam al-Alil massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Khuzdar_bombing" title="2016 Khuzdar bombing">Khuzdar bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Samarinda_church_bombing" title="2016 Samarinda church bombing">Samarinda bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2016_Hillah_suicide_truck_bombing" title="November 2016 Hillah suicide truck bombing">Hillah bombing (Nov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2016_Aden_suicide_bombings" title="December 2016 Aden suicide bombings">Aden bombings (Dec)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botroseya_Church_bombing" title="Botroseya Church bombing">Botroseya bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Al-Karak_attack" title="2016 Al-Karak attack">Al-Karak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Berlin_truck_attack" title="2016 Berlin truck attack">Berlin truck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murders_of_Sefter_Ta%C5%9F_and_Fethi_%C5%9Eahin" title="Murders of Sefter Taş and Fethi Şahin">Murders of Sefter Taş and Fethi Şahin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2016_Baghdad_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="December 2016 Baghdad bombings">Baghdad bombings (Dec)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2017</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Istanbul_nightclub_shooting" title="Istanbul nightclub shooting">Istanbul nightclub shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2,_2017_Baghdad_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="January 2, 2017 Baghdad bombings">Baghdad bombings (2 Jan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2017_Azaz_bombing" title="January 2017 Azaz bombing">Azaz bombing (Jan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sehwan_suicide_bombing" title="Sehwan suicide bombing">Sehwan bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2017_Kabul_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="March 2017 Kabul attack">Kabul (Mar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Westminster_attack" title="2017 Westminster attack">Westminster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Saint_Petersburg_Metro_bombing" title="2017 Saint Petersburg Metro bombing">St Petersburg Metro bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_Sunday_church_bombings" title="Palm Sunday church bombings">Egypt church bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Mastung_suicide_bombing" title="2017 Mastung suicide bombing">Mastung bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester_Arena_bombing" title="Manchester Arena bombing">Manchester Arena bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Jakarta_bombings" title="2017 Jakarta bombings">Jakarta bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Minya_bus_attack" title="2017 Minya bus attack">Minya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Faqma_ice_cream_parlor_bombing" title="Al-Faqma ice cream parlor bombing">Al-Faqma bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_London_Bridge_attack" title="2017 London Bridge attack">London Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Brighton_siege" title="2017 Brighton siege">Brighton siege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Tehran_attacks" title="2017 Tehran attacks">Tehran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2017_Pakistan_attacks" title="June 2017 Pakistan attacks">Pakistan attacks (Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Hurghada_attack" title="2017 Hurghada attack">Hurghada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2017_Quetta_suicide_bombing" title="August 2017 Quetta suicide bombing">Quetta bombing (Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Barcelona_attacks" title="2017 Barcelona attacks">Barcelona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2017_Brussels_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="August 2017 Brussels attack">Brussels (Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Nasiriyah_attacks" title="2017 Nasiriyah attacks">Nasiriyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20_October_2017_Afghanistan_attacks" title="20 October 2017 Afghanistan attacks">Afghanistan (20 Oct)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_New_York_City_truck_attack" title="2017 New York City truck attack">New York City truck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Sinai_mosque_attack" title="2017 Sinai mosque attack">Sinai mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/28_December_2017_Kabul_suicide_bombing" title="28 December 2017 Kabul suicide bombing">Kabul bombing (28 Dec)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Saint_Menas_church" title="Attack on Saint Menas church">Saint Menas church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2018</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2018_Baghdad_bombings" title="2018 Baghdad bombings">Baghdad bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Save_the_Children_Jalalabad_attack" title="Save the Children Jalalabad attack">Save The Children Jalalabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kizlyar_church_shooting" title="Kizlyar church shooting">Kizlyar church shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2018_Kabul_suicide_bombing" title="March 2018 Kabul suicide bombing">Kabul bombing (Mar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carcassonne_and_Tr%C3%A8bes_attack" title="Carcassonne and Trèbes attack">Carcasonne & Trèbes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/22_April_2018_Kabul_suicide_bombing" title="22 April 2018 Kabul suicide bombing">Kabul bombing (22 Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/30_April_2018_Kabul_suicide_bombings" title="30 April 2018 Kabul suicide bombings">Kabul bombings (30 Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_attack_on_the_High_National_Elections_Commission_in_Tripoli,_Libya" title="2018 attack on the High National Elections Commission in Tripoli, Libya">Tripoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Mako_Brimob_standoff" title="2018 Mako Brimob standoff">Mako Brimob standoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Paris_knife_attack" title="2018 Paris knife attack">Paris knife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surabaya_bombings" title="Surabaya bombings">Surabaya bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Li%C3%A8ge_attack" title="2018 Liège attack">Liège</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2018_Jalalabad_suicide_bombing" title="July 2018 Jalalabad suicide bombing">Jalalabad bombing (Jul)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Mastung_and_Bannu_bombings" title="2018 Mastung and Bannu bombings">Mastung & Bannu bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Quetta_suicide_bombing" title="2018 Quetta suicide bombing">Quetta bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_As-Suwayda_attacks" title="2018 As-Suwayda attacks">As-Suwayda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Tajikistan_tourist_attack" title="2018 Tajikistan tourist attack">Tajikistan attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2018_Kabul_attacks" title="September 2018 Kabul attacks">Kabul (Sep)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahvaz_military_parade_attack" title="Ahvaz military parade attack">Ahvaz military parade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Minya_bus_attack" title="2018 Minya bus attack">Minya bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Melbourne_stabbing_attack" title="2018 Melbourne stabbing attack">Melbourne stabbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murders_of_Louisa_Vesterager_Jespersen_and_Maren_Ueland" title="Murders of Louisa Vesterager Jespersen and Maren Ueland">Murders of Louisa Vesterager Jespersen and Maren Ueland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2019</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019_Jolo_Cathedral_bombings" title="2019 Jolo Cathedral bombings">Jolo Cathedral bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Sri_Lanka_Easter_bombings" title="2019 Sri Lanka Easter bombings">Sri Lanka Easter bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainthamaruthu_shootout" title="Sainthamaruthu shootout">Sainthamaruthu shootout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17_August_2019_Kabul_bombing" title="17 August 2019 Kabul bombing">Kabul bombing (17 Aug)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/6_March_2020_Kabul_shooting" title="6 March 2020 Kabul shooting">Kabul shooting (6 Mar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabul_gurdwara_attack" title="Kabul gurdwara attack">Kabul gurdwara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xitaxi_massacre" title="Xitaxi massacre">Xitaxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2020_Afghanistan_attacks" title="May 2020 Afghanistan attacks">Afghanistan (May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalalabad_prison_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Jalalabad prison attack">Jalalabad prison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Jolo_bombings" title="2020 Jolo bombings">Jolo bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Kabul_University_attack" title="2020 Kabul University attack">Kabul University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Vienna_attack" title="2020 Vienna attack">Vienna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2020_Afghanistan_attacks" title="December 2020 Afghanistan attacks">Afghanistan (Dec)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2021</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_Machh_attack" title="2021 Machh attack">Machh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2021_Baghdad_bombings" title="January 2021 Baghdad bombings">January Baghdad bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Kabul_school_bombing" title="2021 Kabul school bombing">Kabul school bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Kabul_airport_attack" title="2021 Kabul airport attack">Kabul airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Kunduz_mosque_bombing" title="2021 Kunduz mosque bombing">Kunduz bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Kandahar_bombing" title="2021 Kandahar bombing">Kandahar bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Uganda_bombings" title="2021 Uganda bombings">Kampala bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Kabul_hospital_attack" title="2021 Kabul hospital attack">Kabul hospital</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2022</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Diyala_massacre" title="2022 Diyala massacre">Diyala massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Peshawar_mosque_attack" title="2022 Peshawar mosque attack">Peshawar mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Hadera_shooting" title="2022 Hadera shooting">Hadera shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Mazar-i-Sharif_mosque_bombing" title="2022 Mazar-i-Sharif mosque bombing">Mazar-i-Sharif mosque bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Mazar-i-Sharif_minivan_bombings" title="2022 Mazar-i-Sharif minivan bombings">Mazar-i-Sharif minivan bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourasso_and_Namissiguima_massacres" title="Bourasso and Namissiguima massacres">Bourasso and Namissiguima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuje_prison_break" title="Kuje prison break">Kuje prison break</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5_August_2022_Kabul_bombing" title="5 August 2022 Kabul bombing">5 August Kabul bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2022_Kabul_mosque_bombing" title="August 2022 Kabul mosque bombing">August Kabul mosque bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_the_Russian_embassy_in_Kabul" title="Bombing of the Russian embassy in Kabul">Bombing of the Russian embassy in Kabul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Shah_Cheragh_attack" title="2022 Shah Cheragh attack">Shah Cheragh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Kabul_hotel_attack" title="2022 Kabul hotel attack">Kabul hotel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2023</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2023_Kabul_airport_bombing" title="2023 Kabul airport bombing">Kabul airport bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_Afghanistan_bombing" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Afghanistan bombing">Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Afghanistan bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Al-Sukhnah_attack" title="2023 Al-Sukhnah attack">Al-Sukhnah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Hama_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Hama attack">Hama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Khar_bombing" title="2023 Khar bombing">Khar bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arras_school_stabbing" class="mw-redirect" title="Arras school stabbing">Arras school stabbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Pul-i-Khumri_bombing" title="2023 Pul-i-Khumri bombing">Pul-i-Khumri bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Brussels_shooting" title="2023 Brussels shooting">Brussels shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2023_Kabul_bombing" title="November 2023 Kabul bombing">Kabul bombing (Nov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Paris_attack" title="2023 Paris attack">Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mindanao_State_University_bombing" title="Mindanao State University bombing">Mindanao State University bombing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2024</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kerman_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="Kerman bombings">Kerman bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Istanbul_church_shooting" title="2024 Istanbul church shooting">Istanbul church shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Balochistan_bombings" title="2024 Balochistan bombings">Balochistan bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Sibi_bombing" title="2024 Sibi bombing">Sibi bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mucojo_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Mucojo attack">Mucojo attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Karabulak_clash" title="2024 Karabulak clash">Karabulak clash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Kandahar_New_Kabul_Bank_bombing" title="2024 Kandahar New Kabul Bank bombing">Kandahar New Kabul Bank bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Tillab%C3%A9ri_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 Tillabéri attack">Tillabéri attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crocus_City_Hall_attack" title="Crocus City Hall attack">Crocus City Hall attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Guzara_Attack" title="2024 Guzara Attack">2024 Guzara Attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Bamyan_shooting" title="2024 Bamyan shooting">2024 Bamyan shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Beirut_US_embassy_shooting" title="2024 Beirut US embassy shooting">2024 Beirut US embassy shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rostov-on-Don_pre-trial_detention_center_hostage_crisis" title="Rostov-on-Don pre-trial detention center hostage crisis">Rostov-on-Don pre-trial detention center hostage crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Dagestan_attacks" title="2024 Dagestan attacks">2024 Dagestan attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_attack_on_the_Israeli_embassy_in_Belgrade" title="2024 attack on the Israeli embassy in Belgrade">2024 attack on the Israeli embassy in Belgrade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Muscat_mosque_shooting" title="2024 Muscat mosque shooting">2024 Muscat mosque shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Kabul_bus_bombing" title="2024 Kabul bus bombing">2024 Kabul bus bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surovikino_penal_colony_hostage_crisis" title="Surovikino penal colony hostage crisis">Surovikino penal colony hostage crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Solingen_stabbing" title="2024 Solingen stabbing">2024 Solingen stabbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Qala_Bakhtiar_bombing" title="2024 Qala Bakhtiar bombing">2024 Qala Bakhtiar bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Afghanistan_bus_shooting" title="2024 Afghanistan bus shooting">2024 Afghanistan bus shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Qusar_attack" title="2024 Qusar attack">2024 Qusar attack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics and organization</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Finances_of_the_Islamic_State" title="Finances of the Islamic State">Finances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ideology_of_the_Islamic_State" title="Ideology of the Islamic State">Ideology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_Health_Service" title="Islamic State Health Service">Medicare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_the_Islamic_State" title="Military of the Islamic State">Military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armoured_warfare_of_the_Islamic_State" title="Armoured warfare of the Islamic State">Armoured warfare</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Islamic_State-controlled_territory" title="Human rights in Islamic State-controlled territory">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocide_of_Christians_by_the_Islamic_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Genocide of Christians by the Islamic State">Genocide of Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Shias_by_the_Islamic_State" title="Persecution of Shias by the Islamic State">Persecution of Shias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocide_of_Yazidis_by_the_Islamic_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Genocide of Yazidis by the Islamic State">Genocide of Yazidis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Turkmen_genocide" title="Iraqi Turkmen genocide">Genocide of Turkmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_gay_and_bisexual_men_by_the_Islamic_State" title="Persecution of gay and bisexual men by the Islamic State">Persecution of gay and bisexual men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_captives_by_the_Islamic_State" title="Killing of captives by the Islamic State">Killing of captives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_beheading_incidents" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State beheading incidents">Beheading incidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_cultural_heritage_by_the_Islamic_State" title="Destruction of cultural heritage by the Islamic State">Destruction of cultural heritage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISIS_occupation_of_Mosul" class="mw-redirect" title="ISIS occupation of Mosul">Occupation of Mosul</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mass_executions_in_ISIL-occupied_Mosul" class="mw-redirect" title="Mass executions in ISIL-occupied Mosul">Executions in Mosul</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Relations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iran_and_the_Islamic_State" title="Iran and the Islamic State">Iran and the Islamic State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines_and_the_Islamic_State" title="Philippines and the Islamic State">Philippines and the Islamic State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_and_the_Islamic_State" title="United Kingdom and the Islamic State">United Kingdom and the Islamic State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago_and_the_Islamic_State" title="Trinidad and Tobago and the Islamic State">Trinidad and Tobago and the Islamic State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_fighters_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War_and_War_in_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign fighters in the Syrian Civil War and War in Iraq">Foreign fighters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_changes_due_to_the_Islamic_State" title="Name changes due to the Islamic State">Name changes due to the Islamic State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portrayal_of_the_Islamic_State_in_American_media" title="Portrayal of the Islamic State in American media">Portrayal of the Islamic State in American media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein_and_al-Qaeda_link_allegations" title="Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations">Connection with Saddam Regime and Baath Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Islamic_State_members" title="List of Islamic State members">Members</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brussels_Islamic_State_terror_cell" title="Brussels Islamic State terror cell">Terrorist cell in Brussels</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_the_Islamic_State" title="Territory of the Islamic State">Territorial claims</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Barakah_(Islamic_State_administrative_district)" title="Al-Barakah (Islamic State administrative district)">al-Barakah district</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collaboration_with_the_Islamic_State" title="Collaboration with the Islamic State">Collaboration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A_Second_Message_to_America" title="A Second Message to America">A Second Message to America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Bayan_(radio_station)" title="Al-Bayan (radio station)">Al-Bayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Furat_Media_Center" title="Al-Furat Media Center">Al-Furat Media Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hayat_Media_Center" title="Al-Hayat Media Center">Al-Hayat Media Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Naba" title="Al-Naba">Al-Naba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amaq_News_Agency" title="Amaq News Agency">Amaq News Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dar_al-Islam_(magazine)" title="Dar al-Islam (magazine)">Dar al-Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dabiq_(magazine)" title="Dabiq (magazine)">Dabiq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawlat_al-Islam_Qamat" class="mw-redirect" title="Dawlat al-Islam Qamat">Dawlat al-Islam Qamat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huroof" title="Huroof">Huroof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I%27lam_foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="I'lam foundation">I'lam foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istok_(magazine)" title="Istok (magazine)">Istok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantiniyye_(magazine)" title="Konstantiniyye (magazine)">Konstantiniyye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumiyah_(magazine)" title="Rumiyah (magazine)">Rumiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Fatihin_Magazine" title="Al-Fatihin Magazine">Al-Fatihin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salil_al-Sawarim" title="Salil al-Sawarim">Salil al-Sawarim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defeating_ISIS" title="Defeating ISIS">Defeating ISIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISIS-chan" title="ISIS-chan">ISIS-chan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millenarianism" title="Millenarianism">Millenarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_violence_in_the_Iraqi_insurgency" title="Sexual violence in the Iraqi insurgency">Sexual violence in the Iraqi insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shia%E2%80%93Sunni_relations" title="Shia–Sunni relations">Shia–Sunni relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_21st-century_jihadism" title="Slavery in 21st-century jihadism">Slavery in 21st-century jihadism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theocracy" title="Theocracy">Theocracy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="War_against_the_Islamic_State" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:International_military_intervention_against_the_Islamic_State" title="Template:International military intervention against the Islamic State"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:International_military_intervention_against_the_Islamic_State" title="Template talk:International military intervention against the Islamic State"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:International_military_intervention_against_the_Islamic_State" title="Special:EditPage/Template:International military intervention against the Islamic State"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="War_against_the_Islamic_State" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">War against the Islamic State</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operations in Syria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Iranian intervention in the Syrian civil war">Iranian intervention in the Syrian civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_American_rescue_mission_in_Syria" title="2014 American rescue mission in Syria">American rescue mission</a> (4 July 2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/US_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="US intervention in the Syrian civil war">US intervention in Syria</a> (22 September 2014 – present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Jordanian intervention in the Syrian civil war">Jordanian intervention in Syria</a> (22 September 2014 – present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Euphrates_Shield" title="Operation Euphrates Shield">Turkish intervention in Syria</a> (24 August 2016 – 29 March 2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Russian intervention in the Syrian civil war">Russian intervention in Syria</a> (30 September 2015 – present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ration_Chammal" title="Opération Chammal">French intervention in Syria</a> (November 2015 – present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Shader" title="Operation Shader">British intervention in Syria</a> (2 December 2015 – present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_intervention_against_the_Islamic_State" title="German intervention against the Islamic State">German intervention in Syria</a> (4 December 2015 – 12 January 2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Dutch involvement in the Syrian civil war">Dutch involvement in the Syrian civil war</a> (29 January 2014 – present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Death of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Barisha raid</a> (26–27 October 2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operations in Iraq & Kurdistan Region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_intervention_in_Iraq_(2014%E2%80%93present)" title="Iranian intervention in Iraq (2014–present)">Iranian-led intervention in Iraq</a> (13 June 2014 – present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/US-led_intervention_in_Iraq_(2014%E2%80%932021)" title="US-led intervention in Iraq (2014–2021)">American-led intervention in Iraq</a> (15 June 2014 – 9 December 2021) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_United_States_troops_from_Iraq_(2020%E2%80%932021)" title="Withdrawal of United States troops from Iraq (2020–2021)">withdrawal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Shader" title="Operation Shader">British intervention in Iraq</a> (9 August 2014 – present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Okra" title="Operation Okra">Australian intervention in Iraq</a> (31 August 2014 – present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Impact" title="Operation Impact">Canadian intervention in Iraq</a> (4 September 2014 – present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ration_Chammal" title="Opération Chammal">French intervention in Iraq</a> (19 September 2014 – present) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkey%E2%80%93Islamic_State_conflict" title="Turkey–Islamic State conflict">Turkey–Islamic State conflict</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_intervention_against_the_Islamic_State" title="German intervention against the Islamic State">German intervention in Iraq</a> (4 December 2015 – present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operations in Libya</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_2015_Egyptian_airstrikes_in_Libya" title="February 2015 Egyptian airstrikes in Libya">Egyptian airstrikes in Libya</a> (16 February 2015)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operations in Afghanistan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State%E2%80%93Taliban_conflict" title="Islamic State–Taliban conflict">Taliban security operations</a> (2015–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">American-led intervention in Afghanistan</a> (2015–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Nangarhar_airstrike" title="2017 Nangarhar airstrike">2017 Nangarhar airstrike</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Battles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Iraq_offensive_(June_2014)" title="Northern Iraq offensive (June 2014)">Northern Iraq offensive (June 2014)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Tikrit" title="First Battle of Tikrit">First Battle of Tikrit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Iraq_offensive_(August_2014)" title="Northern Iraq offensive (August 2014)">Northern Iraq offensive (August 2014)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_for_Mosul_Dam" title="Battle for Mosul Dam">Battle for Mosul Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zumar" title="Battle of Zumar">Battle of Zumar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinjar_massacre" title="Sinjar massacre">Sinjar massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Amirli" title="Siege of Amirli">Siege of Amirli</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Koban%C3%AE" title="Siege of Kobanî">Siege of Kobanî</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Suq_al_Ghazi" title="Battle of Suq al Ghazi">Battle of Suq al Ghazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salahuddin_campaign" title="Salahuddin campaign">Salahuddin campaign (2014–2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baiji_(2014%E2%80%932015)" title="Battle of Baiji (2014–2015)">Battle of Baiji (2014–2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ramadi_(2014%E2%80%932015)" title="Battle of Ramadi (2014–2015)">Battle of Ramadi (2014–2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baiji_(2014%E2%80%932015)" title="Battle of Baiji (2014–2015)">Battle of Baiji (2014–2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2014_Sinjar_offensive" title="December 2014 Sinjar offensive">December 2014 Sinjar offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derna_campaign_(2014%E2%80%932016)" title="Derna campaign (2014–2016)">Derna campaign (2014–2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_al-Hasakah_offensive" title="Eastern al-Hasakah offensive">Eastern al-Hasakah offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Tikrit" title="Second Battle of Tikrit">Second Battle of Tikrit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sarrin_(March%E2%80%93April_2015)" title="Battle of Sarrin (March–April 2015)">Battle of Sarrin (March–April 2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anbar_campaign_(2015%E2%80%932016)" title="Anbar campaign (2015–2016)">Anbar campaign (2015–2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(May_2015)" title="Palmyra offensive (May 2015)">Palmyra offensive (May 2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_al-Hasakah_offensive" title="Western al-Hasakah offensive">Western al-Hasakah offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hasakah_city_offensive" title="Al-Hasakah city offensive">Al-Hasakah city offensive (May–June 2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Abyad_offensive" title="Tell Abyad offensive">Tell Abyad offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sarrin_(June%E2%80%93July_2015)" title="Battle of Sarrin (June–July 2015)">Battle of Sarrin (June–July 2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Hasakah_(2015)" title="Battle of al-Hasakah (2015)">Battle of al-Hasakah (June–August 2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koban%C3%AE_massacre" title="Kobanî massacre">Kobanî massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ramadi_(2015%E2%80%932016)" title="Battle of Ramadi (2015–2016)">Battle of Ramadi (2015–2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_al-Hawl_offensive" title="2015 al-Hawl offensive">2015 al-Hawl offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2015_Sinjar_offensive" title="November 2015 Sinjar offensive">November 2015 Sinjar offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nineveh_Plains_offensive" title="Nineveh Plains offensive">Nineveh Plains offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tishrin_Dam_offensive" title="Tishrin Dam offensive">Tishrin Dam offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Fallujah_(2016)" title="Siege of Fallujah (2016)">Siege of Fallujah (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shaddadi_offensive_(2016)" title="Al-Shaddadi offensive (2016)">Al-Shaddadi offensive (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Aleppo_offensive_(March%E2%80%93June_2016)" title="Northern Aleppo offensive (March–June 2016)">Northern Aleppo offensive (March–June 2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hit_(2016)" title="Battle of Hit (2016)">Battle of Hit (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirqat_offensive_(2016)" title="Shirqat offensive (2016)">Mosul offensive (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sirte_(2016)" title="Battle of Sirte (2016)">Battle of Sirte (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ar-Rutbah_(2016)" title="Battle of Ar-Rutbah (2016)">Battle of Ar-Rutbah (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Raqqa_offensive" title="Northern Raqqa offensive">Northern Raqqa offensive (May 2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Fallujah" title="Third Battle of Fallujah">Third Battle of Fallujah (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manbij_offensive" title="Manbij offensive">Manbij offensive (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Abu_Kamal_offensive" title="2016 Abu Kamal offensive">2016 Abu Kamal offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Euphrates_Shield" title="Operation Euphrates Shield">Operation Euphrates Shield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mosul_(2016%E2%80%932017)" title="Battle of Mosul (2016–2017)">Battle of Mosul (2016–2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raqqa_campaign_(2016%E2%80%932017)" title="Raqqa campaign (2016–2017)">Raqqa campaign (2016–2017)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tabqa" title="Battle of Tabqa">Battle of Tabqa (2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Raqqa_(2017)" title="Battle of Raqqa (2017)">Battle of Raqqa (2017)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Desert_campaign_(December_2016%E2%80%93April_2017)" title="Syrian Desert campaign (December 2016–April 2017)">Syrian Desert campaign (December 2016–April 2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tal_Afar_(2017)" title="Battle of Tal Afar (2017)">Battle of Tal Afar (2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_campaign_(2017%E2%80%932019)" title="Deir ez-Zor campaign (2017–2019)">Deir ez-Zor campaign (2017–2019)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hawija" title="Battle of Hawija">Battle of Hawija (2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Western_Iraq_campaign" title="2017 Western Iraq campaign">2017 Western Iraq campaign</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defeating_ISIS" title="Defeating ISIS">Defeating ISIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_against_the_Islamic_State_aerial_order_of_battle" title="War against the Islamic State aerial order of battle">Aerial order of battle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_against_the_Islamic_State_ground_order_of_battle" title="War against the Islamic State ground order of battle">Ground order of battle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_and_the_Islamic_State" title="Iran and the Islamic State">Iran and the Islamic State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Inherent_Resolve" title="Operation Inherent Resolve">Operation Inherent Resolve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_US_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Timeline of US intervention in the Syrian civil war">Timeline of US intervention in the Syrian civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_military_intervention_in_Cameroon" class="mw-redirect" title="American military intervention in Cameroon">American military intervention in Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Response_of_Saudi_Arabia_to_the_Islamic_State" title="Response of Saudi Arabia to the Islamic State">Response of Saudi Arabia to the Islamic State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collaboration_with_the_Islamic_State" title="Collaboration with the Islamic State">Collaborationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_awards_and_decorations_of_the_international_military_intervention_against_the_Islamic_State" title="List of military awards and decorations of the international military intervention against the Islamic State">List of military awards and decorations of the international military intervention against the Islamic State</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)" title="War in Iraq (2013–2017)">War in Iraq (2013–2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Iraq_War_(2003–2011)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Iraq_War" title="Template:Iraq War"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Iraq_War" title="Template talk:Iraq War"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Iraq_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Iraq War"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Iraq_War_(2003–2011)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a> (2003–2011)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_conflict" title="Iraqi conflict">Iraqi conflict</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Prelude" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prelude_to_the_Iraq_War" title="Prelude to the Iraq War">Prelude</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-1990</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/17_July_Revolution" title="17 July Revolution">17 July Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Revolution">Iranian Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_Ba%27ath_Party_Purge" title="1979 Ba'ath Party Purge">1979 Ba'ath Party Purge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War" title="Iran–Iraq War">Iran–Iraq War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_support_for_Iraq_during_the_Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War" title="British support for Iraq during the Iran–Iraq War">British</a> / <a href="/wiki/United_States_support_for_Iraq_during_the_Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War" title="United States support for Iraq during the Iran–Iraq War">U.S. support for Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_chemical_attacks_against_Iran" title="Iraqi chemical attacks against Iran">Chemical attacks against Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anfal_campaign" title="Anfal campaign">Anfal campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Contra_affair" title="Iran–Contra affair">Iran–Contra affair</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990–2003</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_invasion_of_Kuwait" title="Iraqi invasion of Kuwait">Invasion of Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nayirah_testimony" title="Nayirah testimony">Nayirah testimony</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanctions_against_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanctions against Iraq">Sanctions against Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_no-fly_zones_conflict" title="Iraqi no-fly zones conflict">No-fly zones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Iraqi_uprisings" title="1991 Iraqi uprisings">1991 uprisings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNSCOM" class="mw-redirect" title="UNSCOM">UNSCOM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arms-to-Iraq_affair" title="Arms-to-Iraq affair">Arms-to-Iraq affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil-for-Food_Programme" title="Oil-for-Food Programme">Oil-for-Food Programme</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oil-for-Food_Program_Hearings" title="Oil-for-Food Program Hearings">Investigations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_the_September_11_attacks" title="Aftermath of the September 11 attacks">Aftermath</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">War on terror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_anthrax_attacks" title="2001 anthrax attacks">2001 anthrax attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">U.S. War in Afghanistan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_invasion_of_Afghanistan" title="United States invasion of Afghanistan">Invasion</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rationale_for_the_Iraq_War" title="Rationale for the Iraq War">Rationale</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="Iraq and weapons of mass destruction">WMD claims</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Niger_uranium_forgeries" title="Niger uranium forgeries">Yellowcake uranium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_aluminum_tubes" title="Iraqi aluminum tubes">Aluminum tubes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_biological_weapons_program" title="Iraqi biological weapons program">Biological weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_chemical_weapons_program" title="Iraqi chemical weapons program">Chemical weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curveball_(informant)" title="Curveball (informant)">"Curveball"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allegations_of_Iraqi_mobile_weapons_laboratories" title="Allegations of Iraqi mobile weapons laboratories">Mobile weapon labs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saddam%E2%80%93al-Qaeda_conspiracy_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Saddam–al-Qaeda conspiracy theory">Saddam–al-Qaeda conspiracy theory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2001_anthrax_attacks#Al-Qaeda_and_Iraq_blamed_for_attacks" title="2001 anthrax attacks">Anthrax claims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Atta%27s_alleged_Prague_connection" title="Mohamed Atta's alleged Prague connection">Prague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood_Green_ricin_plot" title="Wood Green ricin plot">Ricin claims</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rationale_for_the_Iraq_War#Oil" title="Rationale for the Iraq War">Oil as a possible rationale</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_imperialism" title="American imperialism">American imperialism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bush_Doctrine" title="Bush Doctrine">Bush Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfowitz_Doctrine" title="Wolfowitz Doctrine">Wolfowitz Doctrine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Powell%27s_presentation_to_the_United_Nations_Security_Council" title="Colin Powell's presentation to the United Nations Security Council">Colin Powell's UN presentation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_disarmament_crisis" title="Iraq disarmament crisis">Disarmament crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Monitoring,_Verification_and_Inspection_Commission" title="United Nations Monitoring, Verification and Inspection Commission">UNMOVIC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Failed_Iraqi_peace_initiatives" title="Failed Iraqi peace initiatives">Failed peace initiatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authorization_for_Use_of_Military_Force_Against_Iraq_Resolution_of_2002" title="Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution of 2002">Iraq resolution</a> / <a href="/wiki/British_parliamentary_approval_for_the_invasion_of_Iraq" title="British parliamentary approval for the invasion of Iraq">UK parliament's support for invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi%E2%80%93Kurdish_conflict" title="Iraqi–Kurdish conflict">Iraqi–Kurdish conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legality_of_the_Iraq_War" title="Legality of the Iraq War">Legality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legitimacy_of_the_2003_invasion_of_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Legitimacy of the 2003 invasion of Iraq">Legitimacy of the invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_coverage_of_the_Iraq_War" title="Media coverage of the Iraq War">Media coverage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pentagon_military_analyst_program" title="Pentagon military analyst program">Military analyst program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentagon_rapid_response_operation" title="Pentagon rapid response operation">Rapid response operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein%27s_alleged_shredder" title="Saddam Hussein's alleged shredder">Saddam's alleged shredder</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preemptive_war" title="Preemptive war">Preemptive war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Ba%27athist_Iraq" title="Human rights in Ba'athist Iraq">Saddam Hussein and human rights</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dossiers and memos</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Habbush_letter" title="Habbush letter">Habbush letter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downing_Street_memo" title="Downing Street memo">Downing Street memo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_Dossier" title="September Dossier">September Dossier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilnius_letter" title="Vilnius letter">Vilnius letter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_letter_of_the_eight" title="The letter of the eight">Letter of the eight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bush%E2%80%93Blair_2003_Iraq_memo" title="Bush–Blair 2003 Iraq memo">Bush–Blair 2003 memo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_Dossier" title="Iraq Dossier">February Dossier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bush%E2%80%93Aznar_memo" title="Bush–Aznar memo">Bush–Aznar memo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Overview" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Overview</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="2003 invasion of Iraq">Invasion (2003)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Iraq_(2003%E2%80%932011)" title="Occupation of Iraq (2003–2011)">Occupation (2003–2011)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_insurgency_(2003%E2%80%932011)" title="Iraqi insurgency (2003–2011)">Insurgency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_insurgency_(2003%E2%80%932006)" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraqi insurgency (2003–2006)">2003–06 period</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anbar_campaign_(2003%E2%80%932011)" title="Anbar campaign (2003–2011)">Anbar campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fallujah_during_the_Iraq_War" title="Fallujah during the Iraq War">Fallujah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Saddam_Hussein" title="Capture of Saddam Hussein">Capture of Saddam Hussein</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interrogation_of_Saddam_Hussein" title="Interrogation of Saddam Hussein">Interrogation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Saddam_Hussein" title="Trial of Saddam Hussein">Trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Execution_of_Saddam_Hussein" title="Execution of Saddam Hussein">Execution</a> / <a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_the_execution_of_Saddam_Hussein" title="Reactions to the execution of Saddam Hussein">Reactions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_al-Askari_mosque_bombing" title="2006 al-Askari mosque bombing">2006 al-Askari mosque bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_civil_war_(2006%E2%80%932008)" title="Iraqi civil war (2006–2008)">Civil war (2006–08)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War_troop_surge_of_2007" title="Iraq War troop surge of 2007">2007 U.S. troop surge</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Iraq_War_troop_surge_of_2007" title="Timeline of the Iraq War troop surge of 2007">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_United_States_troops_from_Iraq_(2007%E2%80%932011)" title="Withdrawal of United States troops from Iraq (2007–2011)">U.S. withdrawal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U.S.%E2%80%93Iraq_Status_of_Forces_Agreement" title="U.S.–Iraq Status of Forces Agreement">Status of forces agreement</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="2003 invasion of Iraq">Invasion (2003)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="Timeline of the 2003 invasion of Iraq">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preparations_for_2003_invasion_of_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Preparations for 2003 invasion of Iraq">Preparations for invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-National_Force_%E2%80%93_Iraq" title="Multi-National Force – Iraq">Multi-National Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nasiriyah" title="Battle of Nasiriyah">Battle of Nasiriyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baghdad_(2003)" title="Battle of Baghdad (2003)">Fall of Baghdad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Debecka_Pass" title="Battle of Debecka Pass">Battle of Debecka Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firdos_Square_statue_destruction" title="Firdos Square statue destruction">Firdos Square statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_Accomplished_speech" title="Mission Accomplished speech">Mission Accomplished speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_opinion_in_the_United_States_on_the_invasion_of_Iraq" title="Public opinion in the United States on the invasion of Iraq">US public opinion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Iraq_(2003%E2%80%932011)" title="Occupation of Iraq (2003–2011)">Occupation (2003–2011)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_occupation_of_Ramadi" title="American occupation of Ramadi">Occupation of Ramadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De-Ba%27athification" title="De-Ba'athification">De-Ba'athification</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/100_Orders" title="100 Orders">100 Orders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coalition_Provisional_Authority_Order_2" title="Coalition Provisional Authority Order 2">CPA Order 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coalition_Provisional_Authority_Order_17" title="Coalition Provisional Authority Order 17">CPA Order 17</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_military_installations_in_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States military installations in Iraq">U.S. military bases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackwater_(company)#Role_in_the_Iraq_War" title="Blackwater (company)">Blackwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investment_in_post-invasion_Iraq" title="Investment in post-invasion Iraq">Reconstruction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Development_Fund_for_Iraq" title="Development Fund for Iraq">Development Fund</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_reform_of_Iraq" title="Economic reform of Iraq">Economic reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Assistance_Mission_for_Iraq" title="United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq">UNAMI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Qa%27qaa_high_explosives_controversy" title="Al Qa'qaa high explosives controversy">Al Qa'qaa high explosives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_kill_or_capture_strategy_in_Iraq" title="United States kill or capture strategy in Iraq">U.S. kill or capture strategy</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Replacementgovernments" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transitional_Administrative_Law_(Iraq)" title="Transitional Administrative Law (Iraq)">Replacement governments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coalition_Provisional_Authority" title="Coalition Provisional Authority">Coalition Provisional Authority</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Governing_Council" title="Iraqi Governing Council">Iraqi Governing Council</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Interim_Government" title="Iraqi Interim Government">Interim Government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_2005_Iraqi_parliamentary_election" title="January 2005 Iraqi parliamentary election">2005 parliamentary elections</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Transitional_Government" title="Iraqi Transitional Government">Transitional Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Iraq" title="Constitution of Iraq">Constitution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2005_Iraqi_constitutional_referendum" title="2005 Iraqi constitutional referendum">Ratification</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Participants" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Combatants_of_the_Iraq_War" title="Combatants of the Iraq War">Participants</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Countries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_involvement_in_the_Iraq_War" title="Australian involvement in the Iraq War">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba%27athist_Iraq" title="Ba'athist Iraq">Ba'athist Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dancon/Irak" title="Dancon/Irak">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_involvement_in_the_Iraq_War" title="Georgian involvement in the Iraq War">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_involvement_in_the_Iraq_War" title="Iranian involvement in the Iraq War">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_involvement_in_the_Iraq_War" title="Italian involvement in the Iraq War">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Iraq_Reconstruction_and_Support_Group" title="Japanese Iraq Reconstruction and Support Group">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_involvement_in_the_Iraq_War" title="Polish involvement in the Iraq War">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaytun_Division" title="Zaytun Division">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_Humanitarian_Assistance_Task_Force_976_Thai-Iraq" title="Thai Humanitarian Assistance Task Force 976 Thai-Iraq">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_involvement_in_the_Iraq_War" title="Ukrainian involvement in the Iraq War">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_involvement_in_the_Iraq_War" title="British involvement in the Iraq War">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_George_W._Bush_administration" title="Foreign policy of the George W. Bush administration">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Insurgent groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sunni groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Army_in_Iraq" title="Islamic Army in Iraq">Islamic Army in Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920_Revolution_Brigades" title="1920 Revolution Brigades">1920 Revolution Brigades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaish_al-Rashideen" title="Jaish al-Rashideen">Jaish al-Rashideen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Front_for_the_Iraqi_Resistance" title="Islamic Front for the Iraqi Resistance">Islamic Front for the Iraqi Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamas_of_Iraq" title="Hamas of Iraq">Hamas of Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeish_Muhammad" title="Jeish Muhammad">Jeish Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mujahideen_Shura_Council_(Iraq)" title="Mujahideen Shura Council (Iraq)">Mujahideen Shura Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq" title="Islamic State of Iraq">Islamic State of Iraq</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_in_Iraq" title="Al-Qaeda in Iraq">Al-Qaeda in Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaish_al-Ta%27ifa_al-Mansurah" title="Jaish al-Ta'ifa al-Mansurah">Jaish al-Ta'ifa al-Mansurah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jama%27at_al-Tawhid_wal-Jihad" title="Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad">Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaat_Ansar_al-Sunna" title="Jamaat Ansar al-Sunna">Jamaat Ansar al-Sunna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ansar_al-Islam_in_Kurdistan" title="Ansar al-Islam in Kurdistan">Ansar al-Islam in Kurdistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Banner_Organization" title="Black Banner Organization">Black Banner Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakefulness_and_Holy_War" title="Wakefulness and Holy War">Wakefulness and Holy War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Theeb" title="Abu Theeb">Abu Theeb</a>'s group</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_Al-Salafi_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Bakr Al-Salafi Army">Abu Bakr Al-Salafi Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mujahideen_Army_(Iraq)" title="Mujahideen Army (Iraq)">Mujahideen Army</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Shia groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahdi_Army" title="Mahdi Army">Mahdi Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Deraa" title="Abu Deraa">Abu Deraa</a>'s militia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badr_Organization" title="Badr Organization">Badr Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Supreme_Council_of_Iraq" title="Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq">Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheibani_Network" title="Sheibani Network">Sheibani Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soldiers_of_Heaven" title="Soldiers of Heaven">Soldiers of Heaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asa%27ib_Ahl_al-Haq" title="Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq">Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promised_Day_Brigade" title="Promised Day Brigade">Promised Day Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kata%27ib_Hezbollah" title="Kata'ib Hezbollah">Kata'ib Hezbollah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ba'ath loyalists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fedayeen_Saddam" title="Fedayeen Saddam">Fedayeen Saddam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Awda_(guerrilla_organization)" title="Al-Awda (guerrilla organization)">Al-Awda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Army_(Iraq)" title="Popular Army (Iraq)">Popular Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Abud_Network" title="Al-Abud Network">Al-Abud Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Men_of_the_Naqshbandi_Order" title="Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order">Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Command_for_Jihad_and_Liberation" title="Supreme Command for Jihad and Liberation">Supreme Command for Jihad and Liberation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Battles_and_operations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Battles and <a href="/wiki/List_of_coalition_military_operations_of_the_Iraq_War" title="List of coalition military operations of the Iraq War">operations</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2003</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Ancient_Babylon" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Ancient Babylon">Ancient Babylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_contribution_to_the_2003_invasion_of_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian contribution to the 2003 invasion of Iraq">Catalyst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Desert_Scorpion_(Iraq_2003)" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Desert Scorpion (Iraq 2003)">Desert Scorpion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Desert_Thrust" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Desert Thrust">Desert Thrust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_contribution_to_the_2003_invasion_of_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian contribution to the 2003 invasion of Iraq">Falconer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Iron_Hammer_(Iraq_2003)" title="Operation Iron Hammer (Iraq 2003)">Iron Hammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Iron_Justice" title="Operation Iron Justice">Iron Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Ivy_Blizzard" title="Operation Ivy Blizzard">Ivy Blizzard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Northern_Delay" title="Operation Northern Delay">Northern Delay</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Airborne_Dragon" title="Operation Airborne Dragon">Airborne Dragon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Panther_Squeeze" title="Operation Panther Squeeze">Panther Squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Peninsula_Strike" title="Operation Peninsula Strike">Peninsula Strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Planet_X" title="Operation Planet X">Planet X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Saddam_Hussein" title="Capture of Saddam Hussein">Capture of Saddam Hussein (Red Dawn)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Telic" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Telic">Telic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2004</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Samarra_(2004)" title="Battle of Samarra (2004)">Baton Rouge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Bulldog_Mammoth" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Bulldog Mammoth">Bulldog Mammoth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Iron_Saber" title="Operation Iron Saber">Iron Saber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Fallujah" title="Second Battle of Fallujah">New Dawn (Al Fajr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Fallujah" title="Second Battle of Fallujah">Phantom Fury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Phantom_Linebacker" title="Operation Phantom Linebacker">Phantom Linebacker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Plymouth_Rock" title="Operation Plymouth Rock">Plymouth Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Fallujah" title="First Battle of Fallujah">Vigilant Resolve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Warrior%27s_Rage" title="Operation Warrior's Rage">Warrior's Rage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2005</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Able_Rising_Force" title="Operation Able Rising Force">Able Rising Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Able_Warrior" title="Operation Able Warrior">Able Warrior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Cyclone" title="Operation Cyclone">Cyclone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Iron_Hammer_(Iraq_2005)" title="Operation Iron Hammer (Iraq 2005)">Iron Hammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Al-Qa%27im_(2005)" title="Battle of Al-Qa'im (2005)">Matador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_New_Market" title="Operation New Market">New Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Spear" title="Operation Spear">Spear (Romhe)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Squeeze_Play" title="Operation Squeeze Play">Squeeze Play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Steel_Curtain" title="Operation Steel Curtain">Steel Curtain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2006</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Al_Majid" title="Operation Al Majid">Al Majid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Gaugamela" title="Operation Gaugamela">Gaugamela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Guardian_Tiger_IV" title="Operation Guardian Tiger IV">Guardian Tiger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Iron_Triangle" title="Operation Iron Triangle">Iron Triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_River_Falcon" title="Operation River Falcon">River Falcon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Sinbad" title="Operation Sinbad">Sinbad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Swarmer" title="Operation Swarmer">Swarmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Together_Forward" title="Operation Together Forward">Together Forward</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2007</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Alljah" title="Operation Alljah">Alljah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Arbead_II" title="Operation Arbead II">Arbead II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Ardennes" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Ardennes">Ardennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Black_Eagle" title="Operation Black Eagle">Black Eagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Commando_Eagle" title="Operation Commando Eagle">Commando Eagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Forsythe_Park" title="Operation Forsythe Park">Forsythe Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Imposing_Law" title="Operation Imposing Law">Imposing Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Leyte_Gulf" title="Operation Leyte Gulf">Leyte Gulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Marne_Avalanche" title="Operation Marne Avalanche">Marne Avalanche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Marne_Torch" title="Operation Marne Torch">Marne Torch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Mawtini" title="Operation Mawtini">Mawtini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Phantom_Strike" title="Operation Phantom Strike">Phantom Strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Phantom_Thunder" title="Operation Phantom Thunder">Phantom Thunder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Polar_Tempest" title="Operation Polar Tempest">Polar Tempest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Purple_Haze" title="Operation Purple Haze">Purple Haze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Saber_Guardian" title="Operation Saber Guardian">Saber Guardian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Sledgehammer_(2007)" title="Operation Sledgehammer (2007)">Sledgehammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Stampede_3" title="Operation Stampede 3">Stampede 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Tiger_Hammer" title="Operation Tiger Hammer">Tiger Hammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Valiant_Guardian" title="Operation Valiant Guardian">Valiant Guardian (Harris Ba'sil)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2008</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Defeat_Al_Qaeda_in_the_North" title="Operation Defeat Al Qaeda in the North">Defeat Al Qaeda in the North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Augurs_of_Prosperity" title="Operation Augurs of Prosperity">Augurs of Prosperity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Phantom_Phoenix" title="Operation Phantom Phoenix">Phantom Phoenix</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2009–2011</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War#2010:_US_drawdown_and_Operation_New_Dawn" title="Iraq War">New Dawn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Battles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2003</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Invasion" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Invasion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Umm_Qasr" title="Battle of Umm Qasr">Umm Qasr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Al_Faw_(2003)" title="Battle of Al Faw (2003)">Al Faw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Basra_(2003)" title="Battle of Basra (2003)">Basra I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nasiriyah" title="Battle of Nasiriyah">Nasiriyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_attack_on_Karbala" title="2003 attack on Karbala">Karbala I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Haditha_Dam" title="Battle of Haditha Dam">Haditha Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Najaf_(2003)" title="Battle of Najaf (2003)">Najaf I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Samawah_(2003)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Samawah (2003)">Samawah I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Karbala_(2003)" title="Battle of Karbala (2003)">Karbala II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Al_Kut_(2003)" title="Battle of Al Kut (2003)">Al Kut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hillah_(2003)" title="Battle of Hillah (2003)">Hillah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Karbala_Gap_(2003)" title="Battle of the Karbala Gap (2003)">Karbala Gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Debecka_Pass" title="Battle of Debecka Pass">Debecka Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baghdad_(2003)" title="Battle of Baghdad (2003)">Baghdad I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Majar_al-Kabir" title="Battle of Majar al-Kabir">Majar al-Kabir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramadan_Offensive_(2003)" title="Ramadan Offensive (2003)">Ramadan Offensive</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2004</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Iraq_spring_fighting" title="2004 Iraq spring fighting">Spring fighting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defense_of_the_Karbala_City_Hall" title="Defense of the Karbala City Hall">Karbala City Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Fallujah" title="First Battle of Fallujah">Fallujah I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sadr_City" title="Siege of Sadr City">Siege of Sadr City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ramadi_(2004)" title="Battle of Ramadi (2004)">Ramadi I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Good_Friday_ambush" title="2004 Good Friday ambush">Good Friday ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baghdad_International_Airport" title="Battle of Baghdad International Airport">Baghdad International Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Husaybah_(2004)" title="Battle of Husaybah (2004)">Husaybah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Danny_Boy" title="Battle of Danny Boy">Danny Boy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Najaf_(2004)" title="Battle of Najaf (2004)">Najaf II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_CIMIC_House" title="Battle of the CIMIC House">CIMIC House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Samarra_(2004)" title="Battle of Samarra (2004)">Samarra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Fallujah" title="Second Battle of Fallujah">Fallujah II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mosul_(2004)" title="Battle of Mosul (2004)">Mosul</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2005</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Tharthar_raid" title="Lake Tharthar raid">Lake Tharthar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Abu_Ghraib" title="Battle of Abu Ghraib">Abu Ghraib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Al-Qa%27im_(2005)" title="Battle of Al-Qa'im (2005)">Al-Qa'im</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_Hit_convoy_ambush" title="2005 Hit convoy ambush">Hit convoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Haditha" title="Battle of Haditha">Haditha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tal_Afar_(2005)" title="Battle of Tal Afar (2005)">Tal Afar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2006</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baghdad_(2006%E2%80%932008)" title="Battle of Baghdad (2006–2008)">Baghdad II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ramadi_(2006)" title="Battle of Ramadi (2006)">Ramadi II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Diwaniya" title="Battle of Diwaniya">Diwaniya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Al_Rumaythah" title="Battle of Al Rumaythah">Al Rumaythah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Amarah" title="Battle of Amarah">Amarah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Turki" title="Battle of Turki">Turki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2007</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Haifa_Street" title="Battle of Haifa Street">Haifa Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karbala_provincial_headquarters_raid" title="Karbala provincial headquarters raid">Karbala provincial HQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Najaf_(2007)" title="Battle of Najaf (2007)">Najaf III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Shurta_Nasir" title="Operation Shurta Nasir">Shurta Nasir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Basra_(2007)" title="Battle of Basra (2007)">Basra II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baqubah" title="Battle of Baqubah">Baqubah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Route_Bismarck" title="Battle of Route Bismarck">Route Bismarck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Donkey_Island" title="Battle of Donkey Island">Donkey Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Karbala_(2007)" title="Battle of Karbala (2007)">Karbala III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2008</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2008_Iraq_spring_fighting" title="2008 Iraq spring fighting">Spring fighting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Iraqi_Day_of_Ashura_fighting" title="2008 Iraqi Day of Ashura fighting">Iraqi Day of Ashura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Nineveh_campaign" title="2008 Nineveh campaign">Nineveh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Basra_(2008)" title="Battle of Basra (2008)">Basra III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_al-Qaeda_offensive_in_Iraq" title="2008 al-Qaeda offensive in Iraq">Al-Qaeda offensive</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2009–2011</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Palm_Grove" title="Battle of the Palm Grove">Palm Grove</a> (2010)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Turkish_operations_in_northern_Iraq" title="List of Turkish operations in northern Iraq">Turkish incursions into northern Iraq</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/December_2007_Turkish_incursion_into_northern_Iraq" title="December 2007 Turkish incursion into northern Iraq">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Turkish_incursion_into_northern_Iraq" title="2008 Turkish incursion into northern Iraq">2008</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Abu_Kamal_raid" title="2008 Abu Kamal raid">Abu Kamal raid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="War_crimes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">War crimes</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Occupation_forces" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Occupation forces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Killings and massacres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2003_invasion_of_Iraq#War_crimes_and_allegations" title="2003 invasion of Iraq">During the 2003 invasion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_2003_journalist_killings_by_the_United_States" title="April 2003 journalist killings by the United States">U.S. killings of journalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fallujah_killings_of_April_2003" title="Fallujah killings of April 2003">Fallujah killings</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Nadhem_Abdullah" class="mw-redirect" title="Killing of Nadhem Abdullah">Killing of Nadhem Abdullah</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Muhamad_Husain_Kadir" class="mw-redirect" title="Murder of Muhamad Husain Kadir">Murder of Muhamad Husain Kadir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukaradeeb_wedding_party_massacre" title="Mukaradeeb wedding party massacre">Mukaradeeb wedding party massacre</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haifa_Street_helicopter_incident" title="Haifa Street helicopter incident">Haifa Street helicopter incident</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2005_Tal_Afar_shootings" title="January 2005 Tal Afar shootings">Tal Afar shootings</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basra_prison_incident" title="Basra prison incident">Basra prison incident</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haditha_massacre" title="Haditha massacre">Haditha massacre</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmudiyah_rape_and_killings" title="Mahmudiyah rape and killings">Mahmudiyah rape and killings</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishaqi_massacre" title="Ishaqi massacre">Ishaqi massacre</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_E._Hatley#2006_Deployment_and_murder_allegations" title="John E. Hatley">Baghdad detainee killings</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamdania_incident" title="Hamdania incident">Hamdania incident</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_J._Moonen#Shooting_incident" title="Andrew J. Moonen">Iraqi bodyguard killing</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Iron_Triangle" title="Operation Iron Triangle">Iron Triangle Murders</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_12,_2007,_Baghdad_airstrike" title="July 12, 2007, Baghdad airstrike">Baghdad airstrike</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nisour_Square_massacre" title="Nisour Square massacre">Nisour Square massacre</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War_documents_leak" title="Iraq War documents leak">Iraq War Logs</a> (2010)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chemical weapons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_phosphorus_munitions#Use_by_US_forces_in_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="White phosphorus munitions">Use of white phosphorus by the United States</a> (2004–05)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Torture and abuse</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ghraib_torture_and_prisoner_abuse" title="Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse">Abu Ghraib prison</a> (2003–06)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_Bucca" title="Camp Bucca">Camp Bucca</a> (2003–09)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_Nama" title="Camp Nama">Camp Nama</a> (2003–04)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balad_Air_Base#Structure" title="Balad Air Base">Balad Air Base</a> (2003–2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Nagem_Hatab" title="Death of Nagem Hatab">Death of Nagem Hatab</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Baha_Mousa" title="Killing of Baha Mousa">Killing of Baha Mousa</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Abed_Hamed_Mowhoush" title="Death of Abed Hamed Mowhoush">Death of Abed Hamed Mowhoush</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Manadel_al-Jamadi" title="Killing of Manadel al-Jamadi">Killing of Manadel al-Jamadi</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Fashad_Mohamed" title="Death of Fashad Mohamed">Death of Fashad Mohamed</a> (2004)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">§ <a href="/wiki/List_of_bombings_during_the_Iraq_War" title="List of bombings during the Iraq War">Other killings and bombings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2003</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2003_bombing_of_Jordanian_embassy_in_Baghdad" class="mw-redirect" title="2003 bombing of Jordanian embassy in Baghdad">Jordanian embassy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal_Hotel_bombing" title="Canal Hotel bombing">Canal Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imam_Ali_mosque_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="Imam Ali mosque bombing">Imam Ali mosque bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/27_October_2003_Baghdad_bombings" title="27 October 2003 Baghdad bombings">Baghdad October 2003</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2004</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2004_Erbil_bombings" title="2004 Erbil bombings">Erbil 2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Ashura_massacre" title="2004 Ashura massacre">Ashura massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/21_April_2004_Basra_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="21 April 2004 Basra bombings">Basra 2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Mosul_bombings" title="2004 Mosul bombings">Mosul 2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_attacks_on_churches_in_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="2004 attacks on churches in Iraq">2004 church bombings</a></li> <li>Baghdad bombings <ul><li><a href="/wiki/14_September_2004_Baghdad_bombing" title="14 September 2004 Baghdad bombing">14 September</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/30_September_2004_Baghdad_bombing" title="30 September 2004 Baghdad bombing">30 September</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Karbala_and_Najaf_bombings" title="2004 Karbala and Najaf bombings">Karbala and Najaf bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Baqubah_bombing" title="2004 Baqubah bombing">Baqubah 2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Kufa_mosque_bombing" title="2004 Kufa mosque bombing">Kufa mosque bombing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2005</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2005_Al_Hillah_bombing" title="2005 Al Hillah bombing">Al Hillah 2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_Erbil_bombing" title="2005 Erbil bombing">Erbil 2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_Musayyib_bombing" title="2005 Musayyib bombing">Musayyib bombing</a></li> <li>Baghdad bombings <ul><li><a href="/wiki/17_August_2005_Baghdad_bombings" title="17 August 2005 Baghdad bombings">August</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14_September_2005_Baghdad_bombings" title="14 September 2005 Baghdad bombings">September</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_Balad_bombings" title="2005 Balad bombings">Balad 2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_Khanaqin_bombings" title="2005 Khanaqin bombings">Khanaqin bombings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2006</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/5_January_2006_Iraq_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="5 January 2006 Iraq bombings">Karbala and Ramadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_al-Askari_mosque_bombing" title="2006 al-Askari mosque bombing">Al-Askari mosque 2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buratha_mosque_bombing" title="Buratha mosque bombing">Buratha mosque bombing</a></li> <li>Sadr City bombings <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1_July_2006_Sadr_City_bombing" title="1 July 2006 Sadr City bombing">July</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/23_November_2006_Sadr_City_bombings" title="23 November 2006 Sadr City bombings">November</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayy_Al-Jihad_massacre" title="Hayy Al-Jihad massacre">Hayy Al-Jihad massacre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2007</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mustansiriya_University_bombings" title="Mustansiriya University bombings">Mustansiriya University</a></li> <li>Baghdad bombings <ul><li><a href="/wiki/22_January_2007_Baghdad_bombings" title="22 January 2007 Baghdad bombings">22 January</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_February_2007_Baghdad_market_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="3 February 2007 Baghdad market bombing">3 February</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12_February_2007_Baghdad_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="12 February 2007 Baghdad bombings">12 February</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/18_February_2007_Baghdad_bombings" title="18 February 2007 Baghdad bombings">18 February</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/29_March_2007_Baghdad_bombings" title="29 March 2007 Baghdad bombings">29 March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/18_April_2007_Baghdad_bombings" title="18 April 2007 Baghdad bombings">18 April</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/26_July_2007_Baghdad_market_bombing" title="26 July 2007 Baghdad market bombing">26 July</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_August_2007_Baghdad_bombings" title="1 August 2007 Baghdad bombings">1 August</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Al_Hillah_bombings" title="2007 Al Hillah bombings">Al Hillah 2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Tal_Afar_bombings_and_massacre" title="2007 Tal Afar bombings and massacre">Tal Afar 2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Iraqi_Parliament_bombing" title="2007 Iraqi Parliament bombing">Iraqi Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Karbala_mosque_bombings" title="2007 Karbala mosque bombings">2007 Karbala mosque bombings</a></li> <li>Massacres of Yazidis <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_2007_Yazidi_massacre" title="April 2007 Yazidi massacre">April massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qahtaniyah_bombings" title="Qahtaniyah bombings">Qahtaniyah bombings</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Makhmour_bombing" title="2007 Makhmour bombing">Makhmour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Sayda_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Sayda bombing">Abu Sayda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_al-Askari_mosque_bombing" title="2007 al-Askari mosque bombing">Al-Askari mosque 2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_al-Khilani_mosque_bombing" title="2007 al-Khilani mosque bombing">Al-Khilani mosque bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Amirli_bombing" title="2007 Amirli bombing">Amirli bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Kirkuk_bombings" title="2007 Kirkuk bombings">Kirkuk 2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Al_Amarah_bombings" title="2007 Al Amarah bombings">Al Amarah bombings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2008</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Bagdad bombings <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1_February_2008_Baghdad_bombings" title="1 February 2008 Baghdad bombings">February</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6_March_2008_Baghdad_bombing" title="6 March 2008 Baghdad bombing">March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17_June_2008_Baghdad_bombing" title="17 June 2008 Baghdad bombing">June</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Balad_bombing" title="2008 Balad bombing">Balad 2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Karbala_bombing" title="2008 Karbala bombing">Karbala 2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Karmah_bombing" title="2008 Karmah bombing">Al-Karmah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Dujail_bombing" title="2008 Dujail bombing">Dujail bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Balad_Ruz_bombing" title="2008 Balad Ruz bombing">Balad Ruz bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_attacks_on_Christians_in_Mosul" title="2008 attacks on Christians in Mosul">Attacks on Christians in Mosul</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2009</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Bagdad bombings <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2009_Baghdad_police_recruitment_centre_bombing" title="2009 Baghdad police recruitment centre bombing">March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Baghdad_bombings" title="2009 Baghdad bombings">6 April</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2009_Baghdad_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="June 2009 Baghdad bombing">June</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2009_Baghdad_bombings" title="August 2009 Baghdad bombings">August</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2009_Baghdad_bombings" title="October 2009 Baghdad bombings">October</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2009_Baghdad_bombings" title="December 2009 Baghdad bombings">December</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2009_Baghdad%E2%80%93Miqdadiyah_suicide_attacks" title="April 2009 Baghdad–Miqdadiyah suicide attacks">Baghdad–Miqdadiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Taza_bombing" title="2009 Taza bombing">Taza bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Kirkuk_bombing" title="2009 Kirkuk bombing">Kirkuk 2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Tal_Afar_bombing" title="2009 Tal Afar bombing">Tal Afar 2009</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nationwide attacks <ul><li><a href="/wiki/10_May_2010_Iraq_attacks" title="10 May 2010 Iraq attacks">10 May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/25_August_2010_Iraq_bombings" title="25 August 2010 Iraq bombings">25 August</a></li></ul></li> <li>Bagdad bombings <ul><li><a href="/wiki/25_January_2010_Baghdad_bombings" title="25 January 2010 Baghdad bombings">January</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_February_2010_Baghdad_bombing" title="1 February 2010 Baghdad bombing">February</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2010_Baghdad_bombings" title="April 2010 Baghdad bombings">April</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17_August_2010_Baghdad_bombings" title="17 August 2010 Baghdad bombings">August</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19_September_2010_Baghdad_bombings" title="19 September 2010 Baghdad bombings">September</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_November_2010_Baghdad_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="2 November 2010 Baghdad bombings">November</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Baqubah_bombings" title="2010 Baqubah bombings">Baqubah 2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Baghdad_church_massacre" title="2010 Baghdad church massacre">Baghdad church massacre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2011</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nationwide attacks <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_2011_Iraq_suicide_attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="January 2011 Iraq suicide attacks">January</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15_August_2011_Iraq_attacks" title="15 August 2011 Iraq attacks">August</a></li></ul></li> <li>Bagdad bombings <ul><li><a href="/wiki/27_January_2011_Baghdad_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="27 January 2011 Baghdad bombing">January</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/28_August_2011_Baghdad_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="28 August 2011 Baghdad bombing">August</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2011_Baghdad_bombings" title="October 2011 Baghdad bombings">October</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/24_January_2011_Iraq_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="24 January 2011 Iraq bombings">Arba'een bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Tikrit_assault" title="2011 Tikrit assault">Tikrit assault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Al_Hillah_bombing" title="2011 Al Hillah bombing">Al Hillah 2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Samarra_bombing" title="2011 Samarra bombing">Samarra bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Al_Diwaniyah_bombing" title="2011 Al Diwaniyah bombing">Al Diwaniyah bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Taji_bombings" title="2011 Taji bombings">Taji bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Karbala_bombing" title="2011 Karbala bombing">Karbala 2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Basra_bombings" title="2011 Basra bombings">Basra 2011</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other war crimes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2011_raid_on_Camp_Ashraf" title="2011 raid on Camp Ashraf">Raid on Camp Ashraf (2011)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeological_looting_in_Iraq" title="Archaeological looting in Iraq">Archaeological looting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorine_bombings_in_Iraq" title="Chlorine bombings in Iraq">Chlorine bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolf_Brigade_(Iraq)#Human_rights_abuses" title="Wolf Brigade (Iraq)">Torture by the Wolf Brigade</a> (2004–2011)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prosecution</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_and_the_International_Criminal_Court" title="United States and the International Criminal Court">United States and the International Criminal Court</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Service-Members%27_Protection_Act" title="American Service-Members' Protection Act">Hague Invasion Act</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_and_the_2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="International Criminal Court and the 2003 invasion of Iraq">Prosecution for the 2003 invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abtan_v._Blackwater" title="Abtan v. Blackwater">Abtan v. Blackwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamdan_v._Rumsfeld" title="Hamdan v. Rumsfeld">Hamdan v. Rumsfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saleh_v._Bush" title="Saleh v. Bush">Saleh v. Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taguba_Report" title="Taguba Report">Taguba Report</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>§ All attacks listed in this group were either committed by insurgents, or have unknown perpetrators</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Impact" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Impact</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casualties_of_the_Iraq_War" title="Casualties of the Iraq War">Casualties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_Body_Count_project" title="Iraq Body Count project">Iraq Body Count</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_Family_Health_Survey" title="Iraq Family Health Survey">Iraq Family Health Survey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancet_surveys_of_Iraq_War_casualties" title="Lancet surveys of Iraq War casualties">Lancet surveys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ORB_survey_of_Iraq_War_casualties" title="ORB survey of Iraq War casualties">ORB survey</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damage_to_Baghdad_during_the_Iraq_War" title="Damage to Baghdad during the Iraq War">Damage to Baghdad</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2005_Al-Aimmah_Bridge_disaster" title="2005 Al-Aimmah Bridge disaster">Al-Aimmah Bridge disaster</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_post-invasion_Iraq" title="Human rights in post-invasion Iraq">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_crises_of_the_Iraq_War" title="Humanitarian crises of the Iraq War">Humanitarian crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2007_Iraq_cholera_outbreak" title="2007 Iraq cholera outbreak">2007 cholera outbreak</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_cost_of_the_Iraq_War" title="Financial cost of the Iraq War">Financial cost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugees_of_Iraq" title="Refugees of Iraq">Refugees</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Iraq#Iraq_War" title="Christianity in Iraq">Iraqi Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaeans#Modern_Iraq_and_Iran" title="Mandaeans">Mandaeans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_academics_in_post-invasion_Iraq" title="Violence against academics in post-invasion Iraq">Violence against Iraqi academics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Political controversies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WMD_conjecture_in_the_aftermath_of_the_2003_invasion_of_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="WMD conjecture in the aftermath of the 2003 invasion of Iraq">Post-invasion WMD conjecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_leak" title="Iraq leak">Iraq scandal in Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dixie_Chicks_comments_on_George_W._Bush" title="Dixie Chicks comments on George W. Bush">Dixie Chicks comments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plame_affair" title="Plame affair">Plame affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hood_event" title="Hood event">Hood event</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Kelly_(weapons_expert)" title="David Kelly (weapons expert)">Death of David Kelly</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hutton_Inquiry" title="Hutton Inquiry">Hutton Inquiry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kidnapping_of_Angelo_dela_Cruz" title="Kidnapping of Angelo dela Cruz">Kidnapping of Angelo dela Cruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Iraq_document_leak" title="2004 Iraq document leak">2004 document leak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_bombing_memo" title="Al Jazeera bombing memo">Al Jazeera bombing memo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Thomas_Beauchamp_controversy" title="Scott Thomas Beauchamp controversy">Scott Thomas Beauchamp controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MoveOn.org_ad_controversy" title="MoveOn.org ad controversy">MoveOn.org ad controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six_Days_in_Fallujah" title="Six Days in Fallujah">Six Days in Fallujah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada_and_the_Iraq_War" title="Canada and the Iraq War">Role of Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War_resisters_in_Canada" title="Iraq War resisters in Canada">War resisters</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Investigations" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Investigations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Senate_Report_on_Iraqi_WMD_Intelligence" title="Senate Report on Iraqi WMD Intelligence">Senate Report on WMD Intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_Survey_Group" title="Iraq Survey Group">Duelfer Report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_Inquiry" title="Iraq Inquiry">Chilcot Inquiry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reactions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Pre-war" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-war</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_prelude_to_the_Iraq_War" title="International reactions to the prelude to the Iraq War">Pre-war international reactions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khuy_Voyne!" title="Khuy Voyne!">Khuy Voyne!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2003_Saddam_Hussein_interview" title="February 2003 Saddam Hussein interview">Saddam Hussein interview</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Views_on_the_2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="Views on the 2003 invasion of Iraq">Views on the invasion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Public_opinion_in_the_United_States_on_the_invasion_of_Iraq" title="Public opinion in the United States on the invasion of Iraq">U.S. public opinion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_the_Iraq_War" title="Opposition to the Iraq War">Opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_Iraq_War" title="Criticism of the Iraq War">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_and_the_Iraq_War" title="United Nations Security Council and the Iraq War">United Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oprah%27s_Anti-war_series" title="Oprah's Anti-war series">Oprah's Anti-war series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_map_pendant" title="Iraqi map pendant">Iraqi map pendant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winter_Soldier:_Iraq_%26_Afghanistan" title="Winter Soldier: Iraq & Afghanistan">Winter Soldier: Iraq & Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photo_Op_(photomontage)" title="Photo Op (photomontage)">Photo Op</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Responsible_Plan_to_End_the_War_in_Iraq" title="A Responsible Plan to End the War in Iraq">A Responsible Plan to End the War in Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush_shoe-throwing_incident" title="George W. Bush shoe-throwing incident">Bush shoe-throwing incident</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Protests_against_the_Iraq_War" title="Protests against the Iraq War">Protests</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Halloween_2002_anti-war_protest" title="Halloween 2002 anti-war protest">Halloween 2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15_February_2003_anti-war_protests" title="15 February 2003 anti-war protests">February 15, 2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20_March_2003_anti-war_protest" title="20 March 2003 anti-war protest">March 20, 2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bring_Them_Home_Now_Tour" title="Bring Them Home Now Tour">Bring Them Home Now Tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_20,_2005_counter-inaugural_protest" class="mw-redirect" title="January 20, 2005 counter-inaugural protest">January 20, 2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_24,_2005_anti-war_protest" class="mw-redirect" title="September 24, 2005 anti-war protest">September 24, 2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_27,_2007_anti-war_protest" class="mw-redirect" title="January 27, 2007 anti-war protest">January 27, 2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_17,_2007_anti-war_protest" class="mw-redirect" title="March 17, 2007 anti-war protest">March 17, 2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Port_of_Tacoma_protests" title="2007 Port of Tacoma protests">2007 Port of Tacoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_15,_2007,_anti-war_protest" title="September 15, 2007, anti-war protest">September 15, 2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_19,_2008_anti-war_protest" class="mw-redirect" title="March 19, 2008 anti-war protest">March 19, 2008</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aftermath in Iraq</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Islamic_State#Jamāʻat_al-Tawḥīd_wa-al-Jihād_(1999–2004)" title="History of the Islamic State">The rise of ISIL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_insurgency_(2011%E2%80%932013)" title="Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)">Insurgency</a> (2011–13)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)" title="War in Iraq (2013–2017)">War in Iraq</a> (2013–17)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">War against ISIL</a> (2014–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American-led_intervention_in_Iraq_(2014%E2%80%932021)" class="mw-redirect" title="American-led intervention in Iraq (2014–2021)">U.S.-led intervention in Iraq</a> (2014–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_insurgency_in_Iraq_(2017%E2%80%93present)" title="Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017–present)">Insurgency</a> (2017–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Miscellaneous" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Miscellaneous</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terminology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Axis_of_evil" title="Axis of evil">Axis of evil</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outposts_of_tyranny" title="Outposts of tyranny">Outposts of tyranny</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Saeed_al-Sahhaf" title="Muhammad Saeed al-Sahhaf">"Baghdad Bob"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Hassan_al-Majid" title="Ali Hassan al-Majid">"Chemical Ali"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coalition_of_the_willing_(Iraq_war)" class="mw-redirect" title="Coalition of the willing (Iraq war)">Coalition of the willing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dead_checking" title="Dead checking">Dead checking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embedded_journalism" title="Embedded journalism">Embedded journalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_fries" title="Freedom fries">Freedom fries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedman_Unit" title="Friedman Unit">Friedman Unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GBU-43/B_MOAB" title="GBU-43/B MOAB">"Mother of All Bombs"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huda_Salih_Mahdi_Ammash" title="Huda Salih Mahdi Ammash">"Mrs. Anthrax"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Europe_and_New_Europe" title="Old Europe and New Europe">Old Europe and New Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regime_change" title="Regime change">Regime change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shock_and_awe" title="Shock and awe">Shock and awe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niger_uranium_forgeries#"Sixteen_Words"_controversy_in_2003_State_of_the_Union" title="Niger uranium forgeries">"Sixteen Words"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Gerson#Lines_attributed_to_Gerson" title="Michael Gerson">"Smoking gun / mushroom cloud"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Spangled_Ice_Cream" title="Star Spangled Ice Cream">Star Spangled Ice Cream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_reset" title="Strategic reset">Strategic reset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/There_are_unknown_unknowns" title="There are unknown unknowns">"There are unknown unknowns"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triangle_of_Death_(Iraq)" title="Triangle of Death (Iraq)">Triangle of Death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yo,_Blair" title="Yo, Blair">"Yo, Blair"</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Critical" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Critical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Global_arrogance" title="Global arrogance">Global arrogance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inverted_totalitarianism" title="Inverted totalitarianism">Inverted totalitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_wrong_war,_at_the_wrong_place,_at_the_wrong_time#Iraq_War_usage" title="The wrong war, at the wrong place, at the wrong time">"The wrong war, at the wrong place, at the wrong time"</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Memorials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan%E2%80%93Iraqi_Freedom_Memorial" title="Afghan–Iraqi Freedom Memorial">Afghan–Iraqi Freedom Memorial (Salem, Oregon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shaheed_Monument" title="Al-Shaheed Monument">Al-Shaheed Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_and_Afghanistan_Memorial" title="Iraq and Afghanistan Memorial">Iraq and Afghanistan Memorial (London)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwood_Gratitude_and_Honor_Memorial" title="Northwood Gratitude and Honor Memorial">Northwood Gratitude and Honor Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_North_Memorial_Garden" title="Old North Memorial Garden">Old North Memorial Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saving_Iraqi_Culture" title="Saving Iraqi Culture">Saving Iraqi Culture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_assassinations_of_the_Iraq_War" class="mw-redirect" title="List of assassinations of the Iraq War">Assassinations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_aviation_shootdowns_and_accidents_during_the_Iraq_War" title="List of aviation shootdowns and accidents during the Iraq War">Aviation shootdowns and accidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bombings_during_the_Iraq_War" title="List of bombings during the Iraq War">Bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_coalition_military_operations_of_the_Iraq_War" title="List of coalition military operations of the Iraq War">Coalition military operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Iraq_War_documentaries" title="List of Iraq War documentaries">Documentaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Iraqi_security_forces_fatality_reports_in_Iraq" title="List of Iraqi security forces fatality reports in Iraq">Iraqi security forces fatality reports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Most-wanted_Iraqi_playing_cards" title="Most-wanted Iraqi playing cards">Most-wanted Iraqi playing cards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_private_contractor_deaths_in_Iraq" title="List of private contractor deaths in Iraq">Private contractor deaths</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Iraq_War" title="Timeline of the Iraq War">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2003_in_Iraq" title="2003 in Iraq">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_in_Iraq" title="2004 in Iraq">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_in_Iraq" title="2005 in Iraq">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_in_Iraq" title="2006 in Iraq">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_in_Iraq" title="2007 in Iraq">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_in_Iraq" title="2008 in Iraq">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_in_Iraq" title="2009 in Iraq">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_in_Iraq" title="2010 in Iraq">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_in_Iraq" title="2011 in Iraq">2011</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Related" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Related</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Ballistic_Missile_Treaty" title="Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty">Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chelsea_Manning" title="Chelsea Manning">Chelsea Manning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIA_black_sites" title="CIA black sites">CIA black sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efforts_to_impeach_George_W._Bush" title="Efforts to impeach George W. Bush">Efforts to impeach George W. Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_interrogation_techniques" title="Enhanced interrogation techniques">"Enhanced interrogation techniques"</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Torture_in_the_United_States" title="Torture in the United States">Torture in the United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extraordinary_rendition" title="Extraordinary rendition">Extraordinary rendition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Zone" title="Green Zone">Green Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guantanamo_Bay_detention_camp" title="Guantanamo Bay detention camp">Guantanamo Bay detention camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Tonkin_incident" title="Gulf of Tonkin incident">Gulf of Tonkin incident</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Tonkin_Resolution" title="Gulf of Tonkin Resolution">Resolution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military%E2%80%93industrial_complex" title="Military–industrial complex">Military–industrial complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoconservatism" title="Neoconservatism">Neoconservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_Act" title="Patriot Act">Patriot Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrodollar_recycling#Petrodollar_warfare" title="Petrodollar recycling">Petrodollar warfare theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-9/11" title="Post-9/11">Post-9/11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Relationship" title="Special Relationship">Special Relationship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Iraq_War:_A_Historiography_of_Wikipedia_Changelogs" title="The Iraq War: A Historiography of Wikipedia Changelogs">The Iraq War: A Historiography of Wikipedia Changelogs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unilateralism" title="Unilateralism">Unilateralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitary_executive_theory" title="Unitary executive theory">Unitary executive theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_foreign_policy_in_the_Middle_East" title="United States foreign policy in the Middle East">U.S. foreign policy in the Middle East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WikiLeaks" title="WikiLeaks">WikiLeaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba%27ath_Party_archives" title="Ba'ath Party archives">Ba'ath Party archives</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/15px-Global_thinking.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/21px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_Iraq_War" title="Outline of the Iraq War">Outline</a> / <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Iraq_War" title="Category:Iraq War">Category</a> / <a href="/wiki/File:Wikinews-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikinews page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/16px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/24px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/32px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></a> <a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Iraq_War" class="extiw" title="n:Iraq War">Wikinews</a> / <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Iraq_War" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Iraq War">Multimedia</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Syrian_civil_war" style="wide;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Syrian_Civil_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Syrian_civil_war" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;"><div id="Overviews" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Overviews</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">Main overviews</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rojava" class="mw-redirect" title="Rojava">Rojava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war">Timeline </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Background_and_causes_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Background and causes of the Syrian Civil War">Background and causes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_peace_process" title="Syrian peace process">Syrian peace process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_government_reactions_to_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian government reactions to the Syrian civil war">Syrian government reactions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belligerents_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Belligerents in the Syrian civil war">Belligerents </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-rebel_conflict_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Inter-rebel conflict during the Syrian civil war">Inter-rebel conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spillover_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Spillover of the Syrian civil war">Spillover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Control_of_cities_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Control of cities during the Syrian civil war">Cities and towns </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sectarianism_and_minorities_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Sectarianism and minorities in the Syrian civil war">Sectarianism and minorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Desert_campaign_(December_2017%E2%80%93present)" title="Syrian Desert campaign (December 2017–present)">Syrian Desert campaign (December 2017–present)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">Effects and ongoing concerns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casualties_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Casualties of the Syrian civil war">Casualties of the Syrian civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugees_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Refugees of the Syrian civil war">Refugees of the Syrian civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_aid_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Humanitarian aid during the Syrian civil war">Humanitarian aid during the Syrian civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_violations_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Human rights violations during the Syrian civil war">Human rights violations during the Syrian civil war</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">Phases and processes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_revolution" title="Syrian revolution">Syrian revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_insurgency_phase_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Early insurgency phase of the Syrian civil war">Early insurgency phase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012%E2%80%932013_escalation_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="2012–2013 escalation of the Syrian civil war">2012–2013 escalation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war_ceasefires" title="Syrian civil war ceasefires">Ceasefires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_peace_process" title="Syrian peace process">Syrian peace process</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">World reaction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="International reactions to the Syrian civil war">International reactions to the Syrian civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war">Foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">Specific groups and countries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Russian involvement in the Syrian civil war">Russian involvement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Russian intervention in the Syrian civil war">Russian intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Turkish involvement in the Syrian civil war">Turkish involvement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_occupation_of_northern_Syria" title="Turkish occupation of northern Syria">Turkish occupation of northern Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Northern_Syria_Buffer_Zone" title="Second Northern Syria Buffer Zone">Second Northern Syria Buffer Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idlib_demilitarization_(2018%E2%80%932019)" title="Idlib demilitarization (2018–2019)">Russian-Turkish agreement on Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/US_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="US intervention in the Syrian civil war">US intervention in the Syrian civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_attacks_on_U.S._bases_in_Iraq_and_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 attacks on U.S. bases in Iraq and Syria">2023 attacks on U.S. bases in Iraq and Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_Area_in_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdish Area in Syria">Kurdish Area in Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Democratic_Forces" title="Syrian Democratic Forces">Syrian Democratic Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rojava_conflict" title="Rojava conflict">Rojava conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combined_Joint_Task_Force_%E2%80%93_Operation_Inherent_Resolve" title="Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve">U.S. task force</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">Agreements and dialogues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian-Turkish_agreement_on_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian-Turkish agreement on Syria">Russian-Turkish agreement on Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AANES%E2%80%93Syria_relations" title="AANES–Syria relations">Relations between Syrian government and Kurdish groups in Syria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;"><div id="Timeline" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war">Timeline</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Background_and_causes_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Background and causes of the Syrian Civil War">Background</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1963_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1963 Syrian coup d'état">1963 coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1966 Syrian coup d'état">1966 coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrective_Movement_(Syria)" title="Corrective Movement (Syria)">Corrective Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamist_uprising_in_Syria" title="Islamist uprising in Syria">Islamist uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Latakia_protests" title="1999 Latakia protests">Latakia protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damascus_Spring" title="Damascus Spring">Damascus Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Qamishli_riots" title="2004 Qamishli riots">Qamishli riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_occupation_of_Lebanon" title="Syrian occupation of Lebanon">Syrian occupation of Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damascus_Declaration" title="Damascus Declaration">Damascus Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Syria" title="Human rights in Syria">Human rights in Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010s_in_Syria_political_history" title="2010s in Syria political history">2010s in Syria political history</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">2011 <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93April_2011)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2011)">Jan–Apr</a> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(May%E2%80%93August_2011)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (May–August 2011)">May–Aug</a> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (September–December 2011)">Sep–Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_uprising_phase_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil uprising phase of the Syrian civil war">Syrian Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Hamza_Ali_Al-Khateeb" title="Death of Hamza Ali Al-Khateeb">Death of Hamza Ali Al-Khateeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Daraa" title="Siege of Daraa">Siege of Daraa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Baniyas" title="Siege of Baniyas">Siege of Baniyas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Talkalakh_(May_2011)" title="Siege of Talkalakh (May 2011)">May Talkalakh siege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Rastan_and_Talbiseh" title="Siege of Rastan and Talbiseh">Siege of Rastan and Talbiseh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2011_Jisr_ash-Shughur_clashes" title="June 2011 Jisr ash-Shughur clashes">June Jisr ash-Shughur operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Hama_(2011)" title="Siege of Hama (2011)">Siege of Hama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Homs" title="Siege of Homs">Siege of Homs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summer_2011_Jabal_al-Zawiya_operation" title="Summer 2011 Jabal al-Zawiya operation">Jabal al-Zawiya operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Latakia" title="Siege of Latakia">Siege of Latakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_clashes_(2011%E2%80%932014)" title="Deir ez-Zor clashes (2011–2014)">Deir ez-Zor clashes (2011–2014)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_clashes_(November_2011%E2%80%93March_2012)" title="Rif Dimashq clashes (November 2011–March 2012)">Rif Dimashq clashes (Nov 2011-Mar 2012)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zabadani_(2012)" title="Battle of Zabadani (2012)">Battle of Zabadani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Douma" title="Battle of Douma">Battle of Douma</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daraa_Governorate_clashes_(2011%E2%80%932013)" title="Daraa Governorate clashes (2011–2013)">Daraa Governorate clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rastan_(2011)" title="Battle of Rastan (2011)">Battle of Rastan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shayrat_and_Tiyas_airbase_ambush" title="Shayrat and Tiyas airbase ambush">Shayrat and Tiyas airbase ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idlib_Governorate_clashes_(September_2011_%E2%80%93_March_2012)" title="Idlib Governorate clashes (September 2011 – March 2012)">Idlib Governorate clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2011_Jabal_al-Zawiya_massacres" title="December 2011 Jabal al-Zawiya massacres">December Jabal al-Zawiya massacres</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">2012 <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93April_2012)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2012)">Jan–Apr</a> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(May%E2%80%93August_2012)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (May–August 2012)">May–Aug</a> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2012)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (September–December 2012)">Sep–Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_2012_al-Midan_bombing" title="January 2012 al-Midan bombing">January al-Midan bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rastan_(January%E2%80%93February_2012)" title="Battle of Rastan (January–February 2012)">Battle of Rastan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Idlib_(2012)" title="Battle of Idlib (2012)">First Battle of Idlib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Qusayr_(2012)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of al-Qusayr (2012)">Battle of al-Qusayr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2012_Idlib_Governorate_Operation" title="April 2012 Idlib Governorate Operation">Idlib Governorate operation (Apr)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Taftanaz" title="Battle of Taftanaz">Battle of Taftanaz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rastan_(May_2012)" title="Battle of Rastan (May 2012)">May Battle of Rastan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houla_massacre" title="Houla massacre">Houla massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Haffah" title="Battle of al-Haffah">Battle of al-Haffah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qubeir_massacre" title="Al-Qubeir massacre">Al-Qubeir massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tremseh" title="Battle of Tremseh">Battle of Tremseh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Damascus_(2012)" title="Battle of Damascus (2012)">Battle of Damascus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/18_July_2012_Damascus_bombing" title="18 July 2012 Damascus bombing">18 July 2012 Damascus bombing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aleppo_(2012%E2%80%932016)" title="Battle of Aleppo (2012–2016)">Battle of Aleppo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Anadan" title="Battle of Anadan">Battle of Anadan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Base_46" title="Siege of Base 46">Siege of Base 46</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hasakah_Governorate_campaign_(2012%E2%80%932013)" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Hasakah Governorate campaign (2012–2013)">Al-Hasakah Governorate campaign (2012–2013)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(August%E2%80%93October_2012)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (August–October 2012)">Rif Dimashq offensive (Aug-Oct)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Darayya_massacre" title="Darayya massacre">Darayya massacre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Khirbet_Al-Joz" title="Battle of Khirbet Al-Joz">Battle of Khirbet Al-Joz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maarrat_al-Numan_(2012)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Maarrat al-Numan (2012)">Battle of Maarrat al-Numan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Wadi_Deif_(2012%E2%80%932013)" title="Siege of Wadi Deif (2012–2013)">First siege of Wadi Deif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Harem" title="Battle of Harem">Battle of Harem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(November_2012%E2%80%93February_2013)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (November 2012–February 2013)">Rif Dimashq offensive (Nov 2012–Feb 2013)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Darayya_(November_2012%E2%80%93February_2013)" title="Battle of Darayya (November 2012–February 2013)">Battle of Darayya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aqrab_massacre" title="Aqrab massacre">Aqrab massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Hama_offensive" title="2012 Hama offensive">Hama offensive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Halfaya_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Halfaya massacre">Halfaya massacre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Darayya_(November_2012%E2%80%93February_2013)" title="Battle of Darayya (November 2012–February 2013)">Battle of Darayya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quneitra_Governorate_clashes_(2012%E2%80%932014)" title="Quneitra Governorate clashes (2012–2014)">Quneitra Governorate clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talbiseh_bakery_massacre" title="Talbiseh bakery massacre">Talbiseh bakery massacre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">2013 <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93April_2013)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2013)">Jan–Apr</a> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(May%E2%80%93December_2013)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (May–December 2013)">May–Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Safira" title="Battle of Safira">Battle of Safira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shaddadi_(2013)" title="Battle of Shaddadi (2013)">Battle of Shadadeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damascus_offensive_(2013)" title="Damascus offensive (2013)">Damascus offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raqqa_campaign_(2012%E2%80%932013)" title="Raqqa campaign (2012–2013)">Raqqa campaign (2012–2013)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Raqqa_(2013)" title="Battle of Raqqa (2013)">Battle of Raqqa (Mar)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Daraa_offensive" title="2013 Daraa offensive">Daraa offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(March%E2%80%93August_2013)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (March–August 2013)">Rif Dimashq offensive (Mar–Aug)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jdaidet_al-Fadl" title="Battle of Jdaidet al-Fadl">Battle of Jdaidet al-Fadl</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghouta_chemical_attack" title="Ghouta chemical attack">Ghouta chemical attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qusayr_offensive" title="Al-Qusayr offensive">Al-Qusayr offensive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Qusayr_(2013)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of al-Qusayr (2013)">Battle of al-Qusayr</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayda_and_Baniyas_massacres" title="Bayda and Baniyas massacres">Bayda and Baniyas massacres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Hama_offensive" title="2013 Hama offensive">Hama offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatla_massacre" title="Hatla massacre">Hatla massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khan_al-Assal_chemical_attack" title="Khan al-Assal chemical attack">Khan al-Assal chemical attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khan_al-Assal_massacre" title="Khan al-Assal massacre">Khan al-Assal massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adra_massacre" title="Adra massacre">Adra massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ras_al-Ayn_(2012%E2%80%9313)" title="Battle of Ras al-Ayn (2012–13)">Battle of Ras al-Ayn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tell_Abyad_(2013)" title="Battle of Tell Abyad (2013)">Battle of Tell Abyad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(September%E2%80%93November_2013)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (September–November 2013)">Rif Dimashq offensive (Sep–Nov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(October%E2%80%93December_2013)" title="Aleppo offensive (October–December 2013)">Aleppo offensive (Oct–Dec)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Yaarubiyah" title="Battle of al-Yaarubiyah">Battle of al-Yaarubiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tell_Hamis_and_Tell_Brak_(December_2013%E2%80%93January_2014)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Tell Hamis and Tell Brak (December 2013–January 2014)">Battle of Tell Hamis and Tell Brak (Dec–Jan)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">2014 <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93July_2014)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–July 2014)">Jan–Jul</a> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(August%E2%80%93December_2014)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (August–December 2014)">Aug–Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inter-rebel_conflict_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Inter-rebel conflict during the Syrian civil war">First Inter-rebel conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Markada" title="Battle of Markada">Battle of Markada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(April%E2%80%93July_2014)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (April–July 2014)">Deir ez-Zor offensive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Morek" title="Battle of Morek">Battle of Morek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daraa_offensive_(February%E2%80%93May_2014)" title="Daraa offensive (February–May 2014)">Daraa offensive (Feb–May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maan_massacre" title="Maan massacre">Maan massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Otaiba_ambush" title="Al-Otaiba ambush">Al-Otaiba ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Idlib_offensive" title="2014 Idlib offensive">Idlib offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hosn" title="Battle of Hosn">Battle of Hosn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Latakia_offensive" title="2014 Latakia offensive">Latakia Offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Al-Malihah" title="Battle of Al-Malihah">Battle of Al-Malihah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Kafr_Zita_chemical_attack" title="2014 Kafr Zita chemical attack">Kafr Zita chemical attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Wadi_Deif_(2014)" title="Siege of Wadi Deif (2014)">Second siege of Wadi Deif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalamoun_offensive_(2014)" title="Qalamoun offensive (2014)">Qalamoun offensive (Jun–Aug)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arsal_(2014)" title="Battle of Arsal (2014)">Battle of Arsal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Shaer_gas_field_(July_2014)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of the Shaer gas field (July 2014)">First Battle of the Shaer gas field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Eastern_Syria_offensive" title="2014 Eastern Syria offensive">Eastern Syria offensive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tabqa_Airbase" title="Battle of Tabqa Airbase">Battle of Tabqa Airbase</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Aleppo_offensive_(February%E2%80%93July_2014)" title="Northern Aleppo offensive (February–July 2014)">Northern Aleppo offensive (Feb–Jul)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Hama_offensive" title="2014 Hama offensive">Hama Offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Quneitra_offensive" title="2014 Quneitra offensive">Quneitra offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(August%E2%80%93November_2014)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (August–November 2014)">Rif Dimashq offensive (Aug–Nov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Koban%C3%AE" title="Siege of Kobanî">Siege of Kobanî</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homs_school_bombing" title="Homs school bombing">Homs school bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daraa_offensive_(October_2014)" title="Daraa offensive (October 2014)">Daraa offensive (Oct)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Al-Safira_offensive" title="2014 Al-Safira offensive">Al-Safira offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_raid_on_Idlib_city" title="2014 raid on Idlib city">Idlib Raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Nusra_Front%E2%80%93SRF/Hazzm_Movement_conflict" title="Al-Nusra Front–SRF/Hazzm Movement conflict">Second Inter-Rebel Conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Shaer_gas_field_(October%E2%80%93November_2014)" title="Battle of the Shaer gas field (October–November 2014)">Second Battle of the Shaer gas field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Al-Shaykh_Maskin_(2014)" title="Battle of Al-Shaykh Maskin (2014)">Battle of Al-Shaykh Maskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(December_2014)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (December 2014)">Deir ez-Zor offensive (Dec)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">2015 <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93July_2015)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–July 2015)">Jan–Jul</a> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(August%E2%80%93December_2015)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (August–December 2015)">Aug–Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2015_Syrian_Air_Force_An-26_crash" title="2015 Syrian Air Force An-26 crash">Air Force An-26 crash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daraa_offensive_(January_2015)" title="Daraa offensive (January 2015)">Daraa Offensive (Jan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Southern_Syria_offensive" title="2015 Southern Syria offensive">Southern Syria Offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_al-Hasakah_offensive" title="Eastern al-Hasakah offensive">Eastern al-Hasakah offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sarrin_(March%E2%80%93April_2015)" title="Battle of Sarrin (March–April 2015)">Battle of Sarrin (Mar–Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sarrin_(June%E2%80%93July_2015)" title="Battle of Sarrin (June–July 2015)">Battle of Sarrin (Jun–Jul)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bosra_(2015)" title="Battle of Bosra (2015)">Battle of Bosra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Idlib_offensive" title="2015 Idlib offensive">Idlib Offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Idlib_(2015)" title="Battle of Idlib (2015)">Second Battle of Idlib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nasib_Border_Crossing" title="Battle of Nasib Border Crossing">Battle of Nasib Border Crossing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Yarmouk_Camp_(2015)" title="Battle of Yarmouk Camp (2015)">Battle of Yarmouk Camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_al-Hasakah_offensive" title="Western al-Hasakah offensive">Western al-Hasakah offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(May_2015)" title="Palmyra offensive (May 2015)">Palmyra offensive (May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Qamishli_bombings" title="2015 Qamishli bombings">Qamishli bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Abyad_offensive" title="Tell Abyad offensive">Tell Abyad offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koban%C3%AE_massacre" title="Kobanî massacre">Kobanî massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quneitra_offensive_(June_2015)" title="Quneitra offensive (June 2015)">Quneitra offensive (Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(July%E2%80%93August_2015)" title="Palmyra offensive (July–August 2015)">Palmyra offensive (Jul–Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(September_2015)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (September 2015)">Rif Dimashq offensive (Sep)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_offensive_(October%E2%80%93November_2015)" title="Northwestern Syria offensive (October–November 2015)">Northwestern Syria offensive (Oct–Nov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(October%E2%80%93December_2015)" title="Aleppo offensive (October–December 2015)">Aleppo offensive (Oct–Dec)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_al-Hawl_offensive" title="2015 al-Hawl offensive">Al-Hawl offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homs_offensive_(November%E2%80%93December_2015)" title="Homs offensive (November–December 2015)">Homs offensive (Nov-Dec)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Aleppo_offensive_(2015%E2%80%932016)" title="East Aleppo offensive (2015–2016)">East Aleppo offensive (2015–2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015%E2%80%932016_Latakia_offensive" title="2015–2016 Latakia offensive">2015–2016 Latakia offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tishrin_Dam_offensive" title="Tishrin Dam offensive">Tishrin Dam offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Russian_Sukhoi_Su-24_shootdown" title="2015 Russian Sukhoi Su-24 shootdown">Russian Sukhoi Su-24 shootdown</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">2016 <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93April_2016)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2016)">Jan–Apr</a> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(May%E2%80%93August_2016)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (May–August 2016)">May–Aug</a> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2016)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (September–December 2016)">Sep–Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Al-Shaykh_Maskin_(2015%E2%80%932016)" title="Battle of Al-Shaykh Maskin (2015–2016)">Second Battle of Al-Shaykh Maskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(2016)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (2016)">Deir ez-Zor offensive (Jan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Sayyidah_Zaynab_attacks#January" title="2016 Sayyidah Zaynab attacks">January Sayyidah Zaynab bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Aleppo_offensive_(February_2016)" title="Northern Aleppo offensive (February 2016)">Northern Aleppo offensive (Feb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ithriyah-Raqqa_offensive_(February%E2%80%93March_2016)" title="Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (February–March 2016)">Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (Feb–Mar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shaddadi_offensive_(2016)" title="Al-Shaddadi offensive (2016)">Al-Shaddadi offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2016_Homs_bombings" title="February 2016 Homs bombings">February Homs bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Sayyidah_Zaynab_attacks#February" title="2016 Sayyidah Zaynab attacks">February Sayyidah Zaynab bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Khanasir_offensive" title="2016 Khanasir offensive">Khanasir offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tell_Abyad_(2016)" title="Battle of Tell Abyad (2016)">Battle of Tel Abyad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maarrat_al-Numan_(2016)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Maarrat al-Numan (2016)">Battle of Maarrat al-Numan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Qamishli_(2016)" title="Battle of Qamishli (2016)">Battle of Qamishli (Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Aleppo_offensive_(March%E2%80%93June_2016)" title="Northern Aleppo offensive (March–June 2016)">Northern Aleppo offensive (Mar–Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(March_2016)" title="Palmyra offensive (March 2016)">Palmyra offensive (Mar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Ghouta_inter-rebel_conflict_(April%E2%80%93May_2016)" title="East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict (April–May 2016)">East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict (Apr–May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(April%E2%80%93May_2016)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (April–May 2016)">Rif Dimashq offensive (Apr–May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Raqqa_offensive" title="Northern Raqqa offensive">Northern Raqqa offensive (May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2016_Jableh_and_Tartous_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="May 2016 Jableh and Tartous bombings">May Jableh & Tartous bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ithriyah-Raqqa_offensive_(June_2016)" title="Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (June 2016)">Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(June%E2%80%93October_2016)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (June–October 2016)">Rif Dimashq offensive (Jun–Oct)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manbij_offensive" title="Manbij offensive">Manbij offensive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tokhar_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Tokhar massacre">Tokhar massacre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Southern_Aleppo_campaign" title="2016 Southern Aleppo campaign">Southern Aleppo campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Rai_(August_2016)" title="Battle of al-Rai (August 2016)">Battle of al-Rai (Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Euphrates_Shield" title="Operation Euphrates Shield">Operation Euphrates Shield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Aleppo_summer_campaign" title="2016 Aleppo summer campaign">Aleppo summer campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_al-Bab_offensive_(September_2016)" title="Western al-Bab offensive (September 2016)">Western al-Bab offensive (Sep)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5_September_2016_Syria_bombings" title="5 September 2016 Syria bombings">5 September bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2016_Deir_ez-Zor_air_raid" title="September 2016 Deir ez-Zor air raid">September Deir ez-Zor air raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2016_Urum_al-Kubra_aid_convoy_attack" title="September 2016 Urum al-Kubra aid convoy attack">September Urum al-Kubra aid convoy attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(September%E2%80%93October_2016)" title="Aleppo offensive (September–October 2016)">Aleppo offensive (Sep–Oct)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Dabiq_offensive" title="2016 Dabiq offensive">Dabiq offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_al-Bab_offensive_(October%E2%80%93November_2016)" title="Western al-Bab offensive (October–November 2016)">Western al-Bab offensive (Oct–Nov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khan_al-Shih_offensive_(October%E2%80%93November_2016)" title="Khan al-Shih offensive (October–November 2016)">Khan al-Shih offensive (Oct–Nov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raqqa_campaign_(2016%E2%80%932017)" title="Raqqa campaign (2016–2017)">Raqqa campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Bab" title="Battle of al-Bab">Battle of al-Bab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(November%E2%80%93December_2016)" title="Aleppo offensive (November–December 2016)">Aleppo offensive (Nov-Dec)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(December_2016)" title="Palmyra offensive (December 2016)">Palmyra offensive (Dec)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">2017 <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93April_2017)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2017)">Jan–Apr</a> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(May%E2%80%93August_2017)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (May–August 2017)">May–Aug</a> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2017)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (September–December 2017)">Sep–Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wadi_Barada_offensive_(2016%E2%80%932017)" title="Wadi Barada offensive (2016–2017)">Wadi Barada offensive (2016–2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2017_Azaz_bombing" title="January 2017 Azaz bombing">January Azaz bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Desert_campaign_(December_2016%E2%80%93April_2017)" title="Syrian Desert campaign (December 2016–April 2017)">Desert campaign (Dec 16–Apr 17)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idlib_Governorate_clashes_(January%E2%80%93March_2017)" title="Idlib Governorate clashes (January–March 2017)">Idlib clashes (Jan–Mar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(January%E2%80%93February_2017)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (January–February 2017)">Deir ez-Zor offensive (Jan–Feb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daraa_offensive_(February%E2%80%93June_2017)" title="Daraa offensive (February–June 2017)">Daraa offensive (Feb–Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Daraa_offensive_(February_2017)" title="Southwestern Daraa offensive (February 2017)">Southwestern Daraa offensive (Feb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qaboun_offensive_(2017)" title="Qaboun offensive (2017)">Qaboun offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(2017)" title="Palmyra offensive (2017)">Palmyra offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Aleppo_offensive_(2017)" title="East Aleppo offensive (2017)">East Aleppo offensive (Jan–Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2017_Damascus_bombings" title="March 2017 Damascus bombings">March Damascus bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_al-Jinah_airstrike" title="2017 al-Jinah airstrike">Al-Jinah airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hama_offensive_(March%E2%80%93April_2017)" title="Hama offensive (March–April 2017)">Hama offensive (Mar–Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tabqa" title="Battle of Tabqa">Battle of Tabqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khan_Shaykhun_chemical_attack" title="Khan Shaykhun chemical attack">Khan Shaykhun chemical attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Shayrat_missile_strike" title="2017 Shayrat missile strike">Shayrat missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Aleppo_suicide_car_bombing" title="2017 Aleppo suicide car bombing">Aleppo bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2017_Turkish_airstrikes_in_Syria_and_Iraq" title="April 2017 Turkish airstrikes in Syria and Iraq">April Turkish airstrikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Ghouta_inter-rebel_conflict_(April%E2%80%93May_2017)" title="East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict (April–May 2017)">East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict (Apr–May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Desert_campaign_(May%E2%80%93July_2017)" title="Syrian Desert campaign (May–July 2017)">Desert campaign (May–Jul)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maskanah_Plains_offensive" title="Maskanah Plains offensive">Maskanah Plains offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Hama_offensive_(2017)" title="East Hama offensive (2017)">East Hama offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Raqqa_(2017)" title="Battle of Raqqa (2017)">Battle of Raqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daraa_offensive_(June_2017)" title="Daraa offensive (June 2017)">Daraa offensive (Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Southern_Raqqa_offensive" title="2017 Southern Raqqa offensive">Southern Raqqa offensive (Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Jobar_offensive" title="2017 Jobar offensive">Jobar offensive (Jun–Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quneitra_offensive_(June_2017)" title="Quneitra offensive (June 2017)">Quneitra offensive (Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idlib_Governorate_clashes_(July_2017)" title="Idlib Governorate clashes (July 2017)">Idlib clashes (Jul)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Syria_campaign" title="Central Syria campaign">Central campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalamoun_offensive_(2017)" title="Qalamoun offensive (2017)">Qalamoun (Jul–Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_campaign_(2017%E2%80%932019)" title="Deir ez-Zor campaign (2017–2019)">Deir ez-Zor offensive (Sep 17–Mar 18)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hama_offensive_(September_2017)" title="Hama offensive (September 2017)">Hama offensive (Sep)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_campaign_(October_2017%E2%80%93February_2018)" title="Northwestern Syria campaign (October 2017–February 2018)">Northwestern campaign (Oct 17–Feb 18)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_military_operation_in_Idlib_Governorate" title="Turkish military operation in Idlib Governorate">Turkish military operation in Idlib Governorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Harasta_(2017%E2%80%932018)" title="Battle of Harasta (2017–2018)">Battle of Harasta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Syria_campaign_(September%E2%80%93December_2017)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Syria campaign (September–December 2017)">Eastern campaign (Sep–Dec)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2017_Euphrates_Crossing_offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="2017 Euphrates Crossing offensive">Euphrates Crossing offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Mayadin_offensive" title="2017 Mayadin offensive">Mayadin offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(September%E2%80%93November_2017)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (September–November 2017)">Battle of Deir ez-Zor (Sep–Nov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Abu_Kamal_offensive" title="2017 Abu Kamal offensive">Abu Kamal offensive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Jinn_offensive" title="Beit Jinn offensive">Beit Jinn offensive</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">2018 <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93April_2018)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2018)">Jan–Apr</a> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(May%E2%80%93August_2018)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (May–August 2018)">May–Aug</a> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2018)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (September–December 2018)">Sep–Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Olive_Branch" title="Operation Olive Branch">Operation Olive Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Khasham" title="Battle of Khasham">Battle of Khasham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(February%E2%80%93April_2018)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (February–April 2018)">Rif Dimashq offensive (Feb–Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Damascus_offensive_(January%E2%80%93February_2018)" title="Southern Damascus offensive (January–February 2018)">Southern Damascus offensive (Jan–Feb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Liberation_Front%E2%80%93Tahrir_al-Sham_conflict" title="Syrian Liberation Front–Tahrir al-Sham conflict">Syrian Liberation Front–Tahrir al-Sham conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Damascus_offensive_(March_2018)" title="Southern Damascus offensive (March 2018)">Southern Damascus offensive (Mar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douma_chemical_attack" title="Douma chemical attack">Douma chemical attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2018_missile_strikes_against_Syria" title="April 2018 missile strikes against Syria">Missile strikes (Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Homs_offensive_(April%E2%80%93May_2018)" title="Northern Homs offensive (April–May 2018)">Northern Homs offensive (Apr–May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Qalamoun_offensive_(April_2018)" title="Eastern Qalamoun offensive (April 2018)">Eastern Qalamoun offensive (Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Damascus_offensive_(April%E2%80%93May_2018)" title="Southern Damascus offensive (April–May 2018)">Southern Damascus offensive (Apr–May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_Governorate_clashes" title="Deir ez-Zor Governorate clashes">Deir ez-Zor clashes (Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(2018)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (2018)">Deir ez-Zor offensive (May–Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/As-Suwayda_offensive_(June_2018)" title="As-Suwayda offensive (June 2018)">As-Suwayda offensive (Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Southern_Syria_offensive" title="2018 Southern Syria offensive">Southern offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_As-Suwayda_attacks" title="2018 As-Suwayda attacks">As-Suwayda attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/As-Suwayda_offensive_(August%E2%80%93November_2018)" title="As-Suwayda offensive (August–November 2018)">As-Suwayda (Aug-Nov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qamishli_clashes_(2018)" title="Qamishli clashes (2018)">Qamishli clashes (Sep)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria_missile_strikes_(September_2018)" title="Syria missile strikes (September 2018)">Missile strikes (Sep)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Syrian-Turkish_border_clashes" class="mw-redirect" title="2018 Syrian-Turkish border clashes">Northern border clashes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">2019 <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93April_2019)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2019)">Jan–Apr</a> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(May%E2%80%93August_2019)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (May–August 2019)">May–Aug</a> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2019)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (September–December 2019)">Sep–Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Front_for_Liberation%E2%80%93Tahrir_al-Sham_conflict" title="National Front for Liberation–Tahrir al-Sham conflict">Idlib inter-rebel conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Manbij_bombing" title="2019 Manbij bombing">Manbij bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baghuz_Fawqani" title="Battle of Baghuz Fawqani">Battle of Baghuz Fawqani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISIL_insurgency_in_Deir_ez-Zor_(2019)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISIL insurgency in Deir ez-Zor (2019)">ISIL insurgency in Deir-ez-Zor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%AArik_prison_escape_attempt" title="Dêrik prison escape attempt">Dêrik prison escape attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Tell_Rifaat_clashes" title="2019 Tell Rifaat clashes">Tell Rifaat clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_offensive_(April%E2%80%93August_2019)" title="Northwestern Syria offensive (April–August 2019)">Northwestern offensive (Apr–Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2019_Syria_bombings" title="June 2019 Syria bombings">June bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hass_refugee_camp_bombing" title="Hass refugee camp bombing">Hass refugee camp bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria_missile_strikes_(August_2019)" title="Syria missile strikes (August 2019)">Missile strikes (Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Turkish_offensive_into_north-eastern_Syria" title="2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria">Turkish offensive into northeast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Death of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Barisha raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2019_Syria_bombings" title="November 2019 Syria bombings">November bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2019_Israeli_missile_strikes_in_Syria" title="November 2019 Israeli missile strikes in Syria">Israeli missile strikes (Nov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qah_missile_strike" title="Qah missile strike">Qah missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_offensive_(December_2019%E2%80%93March_2020)" title="Northwestern Syria offensive (December 2019–March 2020)">Northwestern offensive (Dec 19–Mar 20)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2019_United_States_airstrikes_in_Iraq_and_Syria" title="December 2019 United States airstrikes in Iraq and Syria">US airstrikes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">2020 <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(2020%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (2020–present)">Jan–Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Syria" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Syria">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Afrin_bombing" title="2020 Afrin bombing">Afrin bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idlib_Governorate_clashes_(June_2020)" title="Idlib Governorate clashes (June 2020)">Idlib Governorate clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Kafr_Takharim_airstrike" title="2020 Kafr Takharim airstrike">Kafr-Takharim airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_Ayn_Issa_clashes" title="2020–2021 Ayn Issa clashes">Ayn Issa clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Deir_ez-Zor_ambush" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 Deir ez-Zor ambush">Deir ez-Zor ambush</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">2021 <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(2021)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (2021)">Jan–Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Qamishli_and_Al-Hasakah" title="Siege of Qamishli and Al-Hasakah">Siege of Qamishli and Al-Hasakah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria_missile_strikes_(January_2021)" title="Syria missile strikes (January 2021)">Missile strikes (Jan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2021_United_States_airstrike_in_Syria" title="February 2021 United States airstrike in Syria">US airstrike (Feb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Qamishli_(2021)" title="Battle of Qamishli (2021)">Battle of Qamishli (Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2021_United_States_airstrike_in_Syria" title="June 2021 United States airstrike in Syria">US airstrike (Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Daraa_clashes" class="mw-redirect" title="2021 Daraa clashes">Daraa clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahrir_al-Sham%E2%80%93Junud_al-Sham_conflict" title="Tahrir al-Sham–Junud al-Sham conflict">Tahrir al-Sham–Junud al-Sham conflict</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">2022 <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(2022)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (2022)">Jan–Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Hasakah_(2022)" title="Battle of al-Hasakah (2022)">Battle of al-Hasakah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Ahrar_al-Sham%E2%80%93Levant_Front_clashes" title="2022 Ahrar al-Sham–Levant Front clashes">Ahrar al-Sham–Levant Front clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Jabal_al-Bishr%C4%AB_clashes" title="2022 Jabal al-Bishrī clashes">Jabal al-Bishrī clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Jarqli_airstrikes" title="2022 Jarqli airstrikes">Jarqli airstrikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Aleppo_clashes_(October_2022)" title="Northern Aleppo clashes (October 2022)">Northern Aleppo clashes (Oct)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Claw-Sword" title="Operation Claw-Sword">Operation Claw-Sword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_clashes_(December_2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Northwestern Syria clashes (December 2022–present)">Northwest clashes (Dec)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">2023 <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(2023)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (2023)">Jan-Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2023_Al-Sukhnah_attack" title="2023 Al-Sukhnah attack">Al-Sukhnah attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Damascus_airstrike" title="2023 Damascus airstrike">Damascus airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Hama_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Hama attack">Hama attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Northern_Syria_clashes" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Northern Syria clashes">Northern border clashes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;;vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Spillover_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Spillover of the Syrian civil war">Spillover</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:2em;background:transparent; text-align:right; padding:0; vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Syrian_ceasefire_line_incidents_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Israeli–Syrian ceasefire line incidents during the Syrian civil war">Israel and Golan Heights</a>:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_2017_Israel%E2%80%93Syria_incident" title="March 2017 Israel–Syria incident">March 2017 incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2018_Israel%E2%80%93Syria_incident" title="February 2018 Israel–Syria incident">February 2018 incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_House_of_Cards" title="Operation House of Cards">May 2018 Israel–Iran incidents</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:2em;background:transparent; text-align:right; padding:0; vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_War_in_Iraq_(2014)" title="Timeline of the War in Iraq (2014)">Iraq</a>:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akashat_ambush" title="Akashat ambush">Akashat ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_al-Shabah" title="Operation al-Shabah">Operation al-Shabah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_War_in_Iraq_(2014)#April" title="Timeline of the War in Iraq (2014)">April 2014 Iraqi border airstrike</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:2em;background:transparent; text-align:right; padding:0; vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Jordanian%E2%80%93Syrian_border_incidents_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Jordanian–Syrian border incidents during the Syrian civil war">Jordanian border incidents</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian%E2%80%93Syrian_border_incidents_during_the_Syrian_civil_war#2014" title="Jordanian–Syrian border incidents during the Syrian civil war">April 2014 Jordanian border airstrike</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:2em;background:transparent; text-align:right; padding:0; vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war_spillover_in_Lebanon" title="Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon">Lebanon</a>:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon%E2%80%93Syria_border_clashes" title="Lebanon–Syria border clashes">Lebanese border clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Sidon_clash" title="2013 Sidon clash">Battle of Sidon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_embassy_bombing_in_Beirut" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian embassy bombing in Beirut">Iranian embassy bombing in Beirut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Lebanon_clashes_(2014)" title="North Lebanon clashes (2014)">North Lebanon clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalamoun_offensive_(2017)" title="Qalamoun offensive (2017)">Qalamoun (Jul–Aug 2017)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:2em;background:transparent; text-align:right; padding:0; vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Syrian%E2%80%93Turkish_border_clashes_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian–Turkish border clashes during the Syrian civil war">Turkey</a>:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/December_2011_Syrian%E2%80%93Turkish_border_clash" title="December 2011 Syrian–Turkish border clash">December 2011 Turkish border clash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Turkish_F-4_Phantom_shootdown" title="2012 Turkish F-4 Phantom shootdown">2012 Turkish F-4 Phantom shootdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Syrian%E2%80%93Turkish_border_clashes" class="mw-redirect" title="2012 Syrian–Turkish border clashes">2012 Turkish border clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Reyhanl%C4%B1_car_bombings" title="2013 Reyhanlı car bombings">2013 Reyhanlı car bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2014_Turkish_attack_in_Syria" title="January 2014 Turkish attack in Syria">January 2014 Turkish attack in Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Andrei_Karlov" title="Assassination of Andrei Karlov">Assassination of Andrei Karlov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Russian_Air_Force_Al-Bab_incident" title="2017 Russian Air Force Al-Bab incident">Russian Air Force Al-Bab incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Balyun_airstrikes" title="2020 Balyun airstrikes">2020 Balyun airstrikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Spring_Shield" title="Operation Spring Shield">Operation Spring Shield</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:2em;background:transparent; text-align:right; padding:0; vertical-align:top;">Elsewhere:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2017_Deir_ez-Zor_missile_strike" class="mw-redirect" title="2017 Deir ez-Zor missile strike">Deir ez-Zor missile strike</a> (Iran)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;"><div id="Belligerents" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Belligerents</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em">Syria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Syria" title="Politics of Syria">Politics of Syria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Syria_Region" title="Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region">Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Social_Nationalist_Party" title="Syrian Social Nationalist Party">Syrian Social Nationalist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Movement" title="Arab Socialist Movement">Arab Socialist Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Communist_Party_(Bakdash)" title="Syrian Communist Party (Bakdash)">Syrian Communist Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;font-weight:normal;">Military and militias</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Armed_Forces" title="Syrian Armed Forces">Syrian Armed Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Resistance" title="Syrian Resistance">Syrian Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine_%E2%80%93_General_Command" title="Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – General Command">PFLP-GC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liwa_al-Quds" title="Liwa al-Quds">al-Quds Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine_Liberation_Army" title="Palestine Liberation Army">Palestine Liberation Army</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war">Foreign support</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hezbollah_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Hezbollah involvement in the Syrian civil war">Hezbollah involvement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Iranian intervention in the Syrian civil war">Iranian involvement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liwa_Fatemiyoun" title="Liwa Fatemiyoun">Liwa Fatemiyoun</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Russian involvement in the Syrian civil war">Russian involvement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian%E2%80%93Syrian_hospital_bombing_campaign" title="Russian–Syrian hospital bombing campaign">medical facility targeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Russian intervention in the Syrian civil war">military intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagner_Group" title="Wagner Group">Wagner Group</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Syria%E2%80%93Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_coalition" title="Russia–Syria–Iran–Iraq coalition">Russia–Syria–Iran–Iraq coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Mobilization_Forces" title="Popular Mobilization Forces">Popular Mobilization Forces</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em"><a href="/wiki/Syrian_opposition" title="Syrian opposition">Opposition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Interim_Government" title="Syrian Interim Government">Interim government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Coalition_of_Syrian_Revolutionary_and_Opposition_Forces" title="National Coalition of Syrian Revolutionary and Opposition Forces">National Coalition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Local_Coordination_Committees_of_Syria" title="Local Coordination Committees of Syria">Local Coordination Committees</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_National_Council" title="Syrian National Council">Syrian National Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Council_of_the_Syrian_Revolution" title="Supreme Council of the Syrian Revolution">Supreme Council of the Syrian Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Coordination_Committee_for_Democratic_Change" title="National Coordination Committee for Democratic Change">National Coordination Committee for Democratic Change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Revolution_General_Commission" title="Syrian Revolution General Commission">Syrian Revolution General Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Support_Group" title="Syrian Support Group">Syrian Support Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adopt_a_Revolution" title="Adopt a Revolution">Adopt a Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_National_Council#Syrian_Patriotic_Group" title="Syrian National Council">Syrian Patriotic Group</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;font-weight:normal;">Opposition militias</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_National_Army" title="Syrian National Army">Syrian National Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Syrian_Army" title="Free Syrian Army">Free Syrian Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Front_for_Liberation" title="National Front for Liberation">National Front for Liberation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaysh_al-Izza" title="Jaysh al-Izza">Army of Glory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authenticity_and_Development_Front" title="Authenticity and Development Front">Authenticity and Development Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_Free_Tribes" title="Army of Free Tribes">Army of Free Tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Commando_Army" title="Revolutionary Commando Army">Revolutionary Commando Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood_in_Syria" title="Muslim Brotherhood in Syria">Muslim Brotherhood in Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grey_Wolves_(organization)" title="Grey Wolves (organization)">Grey Wolves</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war">Foreign support</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/US_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="US intervention in the Syrian civil war">US intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Jordanian intervention in the Syrian civil war">Jordanian intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatari_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Qatari involvement in the Syrian civil war">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Saudi involvement in the Syrian civil war">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Turkish involvement in the Syrian civil war">Turkey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Administration_of_North_and_East_Syria" title="Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria">Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Movement_for_a_Democratic_Society" title="Movement for a Democratic Society">DFNS Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Union_Party_(Syria)" title="Democratic Union Party (Syria)">Democratic Union Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_National_Council" title="Kurdish National Council">Kurdish National Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Rojava" title="List of political parties in Rojava">Smaller political parties</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Democratic_Forces" title="Syrian Democratic Forces">SDF militias</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Defense_Units" title="People's Defense Units">People's Protection Units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Protection_Units" title="Women's Protection Units">Women's Protection Units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Terror_Units" title="Anti-Terror Units">Anti-Terror Units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sanadid_Forces" title="Al-Sanadid Forces">Al-Sanadid Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_Revolutionaries" title="Army of Revolutionaries">Army of Revolutionaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Democratic_Forces_military_councils" title="Syrian Democratic Forces military councils">SDF military councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_Military_Council" title="Syriac Military Council">Syriac Military Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liwa_Thuwar_al-Raqqa" title="Liwa Thuwar al-Raqqa">Liwa Thuwar al-Raqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Democratic_Brigade" title="Northern Democratic Brigade">Northern Democratic Brigade</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;font-weight:normal;">Support</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patriotic_Union_of_Kurdistan" title="Patriotic Union of Kurdistan">Patriotic Union of Kurdistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party" title="Kurdistan Workers' Party">Kurdistan Workers' Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Freedom_Battalion" title="International Freedom Battalion">International Freedom Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinjar_Resistance_Units" title="Sinjar Resistance Units">Sinjar Resistance Units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Az%C3%AEdxan_Women%27s_Units" title="Êzîdxan Women's Units">Êzîdxan Women's Units</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em"><a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">Islamic State</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_the_Islamic_State" title="Military of the Islamic State">Military activity of ISIL</a> (<a href="/wiki/Al-Barakah_(Islamic_State_administrative_district)" title="Al-Barakah (Islamic State administrative district)">Al-Barakah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dokumac%C4%B1lar" title="Dokumacılar">Dokumacılar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalid_ibn_al-Walid_Army" title="Khalid ibn al-Walid Army">Khalid ibn al-Walid Army</a> (<a href="/wiki/Yarmouk_Martyrs_Brigade" title="Yarmouk Martyrs Brigade">Yarmouk Martyrs Brigade</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Muthanna_Movement" title="Islamic Muthanna Movement">Islamic Muthanna Movement</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jaysh_al-Jihad" title="Jaysh al-Jihad">Jaysh al-Jihad</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jund_al-Aqsa" title="Jund al-Aqsa">Liwa al-Aqsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_of_the_One_and_Only" title="Group of the One and Only">Group of the One and Only</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liwa_Dawud" title="Liwa Dawud">Liwa Dawud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liwa_Aqab_al-Islami" title="Liwa Aqab al-Islami">Liwa Aqab al-Islami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katibah_Nusantara" title="Katibah Nusantara">Katibah Nusantara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katiba_al-Bittar_al-Libi" title="Katiba al-Bittar al-Libi">Katiba al-Bittar al-Libi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Khansaa_Brigade" title="Al-Khansaa Brigade">Al-Khansaa Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_of_the_One_and_Only" title="Group of the One and Only">Group of the One and Only</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">al-Qaeda</a> and allies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Nusra_Front" title="Al-Nusra Front">Al-Nusra Front</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jabhat_Fatah_al-Sham" class="mw-redirect" title="Jabhat Fatah al-Sham">Jabhat Fatah al-Sham</a> (<a href="/wiki/Khorasan_group" title="Khorasan group">Khorasan group</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suqour_al-Ezz" title="Suqour al-Ezz">Suqour al-Ezz</a>) <a href="/wiki/Jaysh_Muhammad_in_Bilad_al-Sham" title="Jaysh Muhammad in Bilad al-Sham">Jaysh Muhammad in Bilad al-Sham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahrir_al-Sham" title="Tahrir al-Sham">Tahrir al-Sham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkistan_Islamic_Party_in_Syria" title="Turkistan Islamic Party in Syria">Turkistan Islamic Party in Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasus_Emirate" title="Caucasus Emirate">Caucasus Emirate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajnad_al-Kavkaz" title="Ajnad al-Kavkaz">Ajnad al-Kavkaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junud_al-Makhdi" title="Junud al-Makhdi">Junud al-Makhdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rouse_the_Believers_Operations_Room" title="Rouse the Believers Operations Room">Rouse the Believers Operations Room</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ansar_al-Tawhid_(Syria)" title="Ansar al-Tawhid (Syria)">Ansar al-Tawhid</a> (<a href="/wiki/Firqat_al-Ghuraba" title="Firqat al-Ghuraba">Firqat al-Ghuraba</a>), <a href="/wiki/Hurras_al-Din" title="Hurras al-Din">Hurras al-Din</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ansar_al-Din_Front" title="Ansar al-Din Front">Ansar al-Din Front</a> (<a href="/wiki/Harakat_Sham_al-Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Harakat Sham al-Islam">Harakat Sham al-Islam</a>), <a href="/wiki/Ansar_al-Islam_in_Kurdistan" title="Ansar al-Islam in Kurdistan">Ansar al-Islam in Kurdistan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaish_al-Haramoun" title="Jaish al-Haramoun">Jaish al-Haramoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaysh_al-Sunna" title="Jaysh al-Sunna">Jaysh al-Sunna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liwa_al-Muhajireen_wal-Ansar" title="Liwa al-Muhajireen wal-Ansar">Liwa al-Muhajireen wal-Ansar</a> (<a href="/wiki/Green_Battalion" title="Green Battalion">Green Battalion</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mujahideen_Shura_Council_(Syria)" title="Mujahideen Shura Council (Syria)">Mujahideen Shura Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malhama_Tactical" title="Malhama Tactical">Malhama Tactical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katibat_al-Tawhid_wal-Jihad" title="Katibat al-Tawhid wal-Jihad">Katibat al-Tawhid wal-Jihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jama%27at_Ansar_al-Furqan_in_Bilad_al_Sham" title="Jama'at Ansar al-Furqan in Bilad al Sham">Jama'at Ansar al-Furqan in Bilad al Sham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghuraba_al-Sham" title="Ghuraba al-Sham">Ghuraba al-Sham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pakistani_Taliban" title="Pakistani Taliban">Pakistani Taliban</a>, <a href="/wiki/Imam_Bukhari_Jamaat" title="Imam Bukhari Jamaat">Imam Bukhari Jamaat</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatah_al-Islam" title="Fatah al-Islam">Fatah al-Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhajirin_wa-Ansar_Alliance" title="Muhajirin wa-Ansar Alliance">Muhajirin wa-Ansar Alliance</a> (<a href="/wiki/Liwaa_al-Umma" title="Liwaa al-Umma">Liwaa al-Umma</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;"><div id="People" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">People</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ammar_Abdulhamid" title="Ammar Abdulhamid">Ammar Abdulhamid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Abdallah" title="Ali al-Abdallah">Ali al-Abdallah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adnan_al-Aroor" title="Adnan al-Aroor">Adnan al-Aroor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Assad_family" title="Al-Assad family">al-Assad family</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad" title="Bashar al-Assad">Bashar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maher_al-Assad" title="Maher al-Assad">Maher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rifaat_al-Assad" title="Rifaat al-Assad">Rifaat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rami_Makhlouf" title="Rami Makhlouf">Rami Makhlouf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafez_Makhlouf" title="Hafez Makhlouf">Hafez Makhlouf</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riad_al-Asaad" title="Riad al-Asaad">Riad al-Asaad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anwar_al-Bunni" title="Anwar al-Bunni">Anwar al-Bunni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fahd_Jassem_al-Freij" title="Fahd Jassem al-Freij">Fahd Jassem al-Freij</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suheil_al-Hassan" class="mw-redirect" title="Suheil al-Hassan">Suheil al-Hassan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitham_al-Maleh" title="Haitham al-Maleh">Haitham al-Maleh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moaz_al-Khatib" title="Moaz al-Khatib">Moaz al-Khatib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamal_al-Labwani" title="Kamal al-Labwani">Kamal al-Labwani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Hamza_Ali_Al-Khateeb" title="Death of Hamza Ali Al-Khateeb">Hamza al-Khateeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tal_al-Mallohi" title="Tal al-Mallohi">Tal al-Mallohi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fida_al-Sayed" title="Fida al-Sayed">Fida al-Sayed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riad_al-Turk" title="Riad al-Turk">Riad al-Turk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khaled_Khoja" title="Khaled Khoja">Khaled Khoja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ammar_al-Qurabi" title="Ammar al-Qurabi">Ammar al-Qurabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suheir_Atassi" title="Suheir Atassi">Suheir Atassi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Sadreddine_Al-Bayanouni" title="Ali Sadreddine Al-Bayanouni">Ali Sadreddine Al-Bayanouni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aref_Dalila" title="Aref Dalila">Aref Dalila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farid_Ghadry" title="Farid Ghadry">Farid Ghadry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burhan_Ghalioun" title="Burhan Ghalioun">Burhan Ghalioun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Razan_Ghazzawi" title="Razan Ghazzawi">Razan Ghazzawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghassan_Hitto" title="Ghassan Hitto">Ghassan Hitto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salim_Idris" title="Salim Idris">Salim Idris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randa_Kassis" title="Randa Kassis">Randa Kassis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Halim_Khaddam" title="Abdul Halim Khaddam">Abdul Halim Khaddam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Kilo" title="Michel Kilo">Michel Kilo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bassma_Kodmani" title="Bassma Kodmani">Bassma Kodmani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Habib_Mahmud" title="Ali Habib Mahmud">Ali Habib Mahmud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Mahmoud_Othman" title="Ali Mahmoud Othman">Ali Mahmoud Othman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Qashoush" title="Ibrahim Qashoush">Ibrahim Qashoush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawoud_Rajiha" title="Dawoud Rajiha">Dawoud Rajiha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yassin_al-Haj_Saleh" title="Yassin al-Haj Saleh">Yassin al-Haj Saleh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouthaina_Shaaban" title="Bouthaina Shaaban">Bouthaina Shaaban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdulbaset_Sieda" title="Abdulbaset Sieda">Abdulbaset Sieda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riad_Seif" title="Riad Seif">Riad Seif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fadwa_Souleimane" title="Fadwa Souleimane">Fadwa Souleimane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamad_Anas_Haitham_Soueid" title="Mohamad Anas Haitham Soueid">Mohamad Anas Haitham Soueid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaser_Tabbara" title="Yaser Tabbara">Yaser Tabbara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Razan_Zaitouneh" title="Razan Zaitouneh">Razan Zaitouneh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rami_Jarrah" title="Rami Jarrah">Rami Jarrah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdurrahman_Mustafa" title="Abdurrahman Mustafa">Abdurrahman Mustafa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fadlallah_al-Haji" title="Fadlallah al-Haji">Fadlallah al-Haji</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;"><div id="Related" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Related</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2011_Syrian_local_elections" title="2011 Syrian local elections">2011 local elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Syrian_parliamentary_election" title="2012 Syrian parliamentary election">2012 parliamentary election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Syrian_presidential_election" title="2014 Syrian presidential election">2014 presidential election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Rojava_local_elections" title="2015 Rojava local elections">2015 Northern local elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Syrian_parliamentary_election" title="2016 Syrian parliamentary election">2016 parliamentary election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Rojava_local_elections" title="2017 Rojava local elections">2017 Northern local elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Rojava_regional_elections" title="2017 Rojava regional elections">2017 Northern regional elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Syrian_local_elections" title="2018 Syrian local elections">2018 local elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Syrian_parliamentary_election" title="2020 Syrian parliamentary election">2020 parliamentary election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Syrian_presidential_election" title="2021 Syrian presidential election">2021 presidential election</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casualties_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Casualties of the Syrian civil war">Casualties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cities_and_towns_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Cities and towns during the Syrian civil war">Cities and towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use_of_chemical_weapons_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Use of chemical weapons in the Syrian civil war">Chemical weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heritage_sites_damaged_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="List of heritage sites damaged during the Syrian civil war">Damaged heritage sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war">Foreign involvement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_violations_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Human rights violations during the Syrian civil war">Human rights violations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_aid_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Humanitarian aid during the Syrian civil war">Humanitarian aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_demonstrations_and_protests_relating_to_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="International demonstrations and protests relating to the Syrian civil war">International demonstrations and protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="International reactions to the Syrian civil war">International reactions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_massacres_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="List of massacres during the Syrian civil war">Massacres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugees_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Refugees of the Syrian civil war">Refugees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sectarianism_and_minorities_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Sectarianism and minorities in the Syrian civil war">Sectarianism and minorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Status_of_the_Golan_Heights" class="mw-redirect" title="Status of the Golan Heights">Status of the Golan Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war_spillover_in_Lebanon" title="Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon">Spillover in Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_government_reactions_to_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian government reactions to the Syrian civil war">Syrian government reactions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Syrian_peace_process" title="Syrian peace process">Peace process</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_League_monitors_in_Syria" title="Arab League monitors in Syria">Arab League monitors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friends_of_Syria_Group" title="Friends of Syria Group">Friends of Syria Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kofi_Annan_Syrian_peace_plan" title="Kofi Annan Syrian peace plan">Kofi Annan peace plan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Supervision_Mission_in_Syria" title="United Nations Supervision Mission in Syria">UN supervision mission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakhdar_Brahimi_Syrian_peace_plan" title="Lakhdar Brahimi Syrian peace plan">Lakhdar Brahimi peace plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S.%E2%80%93Russia_peace_proposals_on_Syria" title="U.S.–Russia peace proposals on Syria">U.S.–Russia peace proposals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/39th_G8_summit" title="39th G8 summit">39th G8 summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_2118" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 2118">UN Security Council Resolution 2118</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva_II_Conference_on_Syria" title="Geneva II Conference on Syria">Geneva II conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Zabadani_cease-fire_agreement" title="2015 Zabadani cease-fire agreement">2015 Zabadani cease-fire agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna_peace_talks_for_Syria" title="Vienna peace talks for Syria">Vienna talks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva_peace_talks_on_Syria_(2016)" title="Geneva peace talks on Syria (2016)">2016 Geneva talks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idlib_demilitarization_(2018%E2%80%932019)" title="Idlib demilitarization (2018–2019)">Idlib demilitarization (2018–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Syria_Buffer_Zone" title="Northern Syria Buffer Zone">First Northern Syria Demilitarization Deal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Northern_Syria_Buffer_Zone" title="Second Northern Syria Buffer Zone">Second Northern Syria Demilitarization Deal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Constitutional_Committee" title="Syrian Constitutional Committee">Syrian Constitutional Committee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">War crimes trials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6lkerstrafgesetzbuch#Syrian_civil_war" title="Völkerstrafgesetzbuch">Universal jurisdiction trials in Germany</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Exclusive_mandate" title="Exclusive mandate">Exclusive mandate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Extraordinary_Session_of_the_Islamic_Summit_Conference" title="Fourth Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference">Fourth Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_recognition_of_the_Syrian_National_Council" title="International recognition of the Syrian National Council">International recognition of the Syrian National Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria_Files" title="Syria Files">Syria Files</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Syrian_detainee_report" title="2014 Syrian detainee report">Syrian detainee report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_coverage_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Media coverage of the Syrian civil war">Syrian media coverage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_European_migrant_crisis" title="2015 European migrant crisis">2015 European migrant crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war_in_popular_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian civil war in popular culture">Syrian civil war in popular culture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Syrian_civil_war" title="Category:Syrian civil war">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="List_of_modern_conflicts_in_the_Middle_East" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Middle_East_conflicts" title="Template:Middle East conflicts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Middle_East_conflicts" title="Template talk:Middle East conflicts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Middle_East_conflicts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Middle East conflicts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="List_of_modern_conflicts_in_the_Middle_East" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_modern_conflicts_in_the_Middle_East" title="List of modern conflicts in the Middle East">List of modern conflicts in the Middle East</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1910s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italo-Turkish_War" title="Italo-Turkish War">Italo-Turkish War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_theatre_of_World_War_I" title="Middle Eastern theatre of World War I">Middle Eastern theatre</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Robat_Karim" title="Battle of Robat Karim">Battle of Robat Karim</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Revolt" title="Arab Revolt">Arab Revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_genocide" title="Armenian genocide">Armenian genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayfo" title="Sayfo">Assyrian genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Famine_of_Mount_Lebanon" title="Great Famine of Mount Lebanon">Mount Lebanon starvation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Unification of Saudi Arabia">Unification of Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simko_Shikak_revolt_(1918%E2%80%931922)" title="Simko Shikak revolt (1918–1922)">Simko Shikak revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1919_Egyptian_revolution" title="1919 Egyptian revolution">1919 Egyptian revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_War_of_Independence" title="Turkish War of Independence">Turkish War of Independence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_during_the_Turkish_War_of_Independence" title="United Kingdom during the Turkish War of Independence">Anglo-Turkish War</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Jazeera_Front_(Anglo-Turkish_War,_1918%E2%80%931923)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Jazeera Front (Anglo-Turkish War, 1918–1923) (page does not exist)">Al-Jazeera Front</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Turkish_War_(1919%E2%80%931922)" title="Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922)">Greco-Turkish War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish%E2%80%93Armenian_War" title="Turkish–Armenian War">Turkish–Armenian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco-Turkish_War" title="Franco-Turkish War">Franco-Turkish War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolts_during_the_Turkish_War_of_Independence" title="Revolts during the Turkish War of Independence">Revolts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_during_the_Turkish_War_of_Independence" title="United States during the Turkish War of Independence">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Barzanji_revolts" title="Mahmud Barzanji revolts">Mahmud Barzanji revolts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1920s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franco-Syrian_War" title="Franco-Syrian War">Franco-Syrian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Revolt" title="Iraqi Revolt">Iraqi Revolt (1920)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercommunal_conflict_in_Mandatory_Palestine" title="Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine">Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adwan_Rebellion" title="Adwan Rebellion">Adwan Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_separatism_in_Khuzestan" title="Arab separatism in Khuzestan">Arab separatism in Khuzestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Syrian_Revolt" title="Great Syrian Revolt">Great Syrian Revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Said_rebellion" title="Sheikh Said rebellion">Sheikh Said rebellion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1930s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ararat_rebellion" title="Ararat rebellion">Ararat rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Barzani_revolt" title="Ahmed Barzani revolt">Ahmed Barzani revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simele_massacre" title="Simele massacre">Simele massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi%E2%80%93Yemeni_War_(1934)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saudi–Yemeni War (1934)">Saudi–Yemeni War (1934)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goharshad_Mosque_rebellion" title="Goharshad Mosque rebellion">Goharshad Mosque rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1935%E2%80%931936_Iraqi_Shia_revolts" title="1935–1936 Iraqi Shia revolts">1935–1936 Iraqi Shia revolts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1935_Yazidi_revolt" title="1935 Yazidi revolt">1935 Yazidi revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936%E2%80%931939_Arab_revolt_in_Palestine" title="1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine">1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dersim_rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Dersim rebellion">Dersim rebellion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1940s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_bombing_of_Mandatory_Palestine_in_World_War_II" title="Italian bombing of Mandatory Palestine in World War II">Italian bombing of Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_invasion_of_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Allied invasion of Iraq">Allied invasion of Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria%E2%80%93Lebanon_campaign" title="Syria–Lebanon campaign">Syria–Lebanon campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Soviet_invasion_of_Iran" title="Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran">Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1943_Barzani_revolt" title="1943 Barzani revolt">1943 Barzani revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Waziri_coup" title="Al-Waziri coup">Al-Waziri coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Wathbah_uprising" title="Al-Wathbah uprising">Al-Wathbah uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_separatism_in_Iran" title="Kurdish separatism in Iran">Kurdish separatism in Iran</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iran_crisis_of_1946" title="Iran crisis of 1946">Iran crisis of 1946</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" title="Arab–Israeli conflict">Arab–Israeli conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War">1948 Arab–Israeli War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suez_Crisis" title="Suez Crisis">Suez Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">1967 Six-Day War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur_War" title="Yom Kippur War">1973 Yom Kippur War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_Lebanon_War" title="1982 Lebanon War">1982 Lebanon War</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1950s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1952_Egyptian_revolution" title="1952 Egyptian revolution">1952 Egyptian revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953_Iranian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1953 Iranian coup d'état">1953 Iranian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jebel_Akhdar_War" title="Jebel Akhdar War">Jebel Akhdar War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Emergency" title="Cyprus Emergency">Cyprus Emergency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suez_Crisis" title="Suez Crisis">Suez Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni%E2%80%93Adenese_clan_violence" title="Yemeni–Adenese clan violence">Yemeni–Adenese clan violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958_Lebanon_crisis" title="1958 Lebanon crisis">1958 Lebanon crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14_July_Revolution" title="14 July Revolution">1958 Iraqi revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959_Mosul_uprising" title="1959 Mosul uprising">1959 Mosul uprising</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_intercommunal_violence#Crisis_of_1963–1964" title="Cypriot intercommunal violence">Cyprus crisis of 1963–1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi%E2%80%93Kurdish_conflict" title="Iraqi–Kurdish conflict">Iraqi–Kurdish conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Iraqi%E2%80%93Kurdish_War" title="First Iraqi–Kurdish War">First Iraqi–Kurdish War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Iraqi%E2%80%93Kurdish_War" title="Second Iraqi–Kurdish War">Second Iraqi–Kurdish War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhofar_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhofar Rebellion">Dhofar Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Yemen_civil_war" title="North Yemen civil war">North Yemen civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramadan_Revolution" title="Ramadan Revolution">Feb. 1963 Iraqi coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1963 Syrian coup d'état">Mar. 1963 Syrian coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1963_Iraqi_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="November 1963 Iraqi coup d'état">Nov. 1963 Iraqi coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aden_Emergency" title="Aden Emergency">Aden Emergency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Hama_riot" title="1964 Hama riot">1964 Hama riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israeli–Palestinian conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1948_Palestine_war" title="1948 Palestine war">1948 Palestine war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Intifada" title="First Intifada">First Intifada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Intifada" title="Second Intifada">Second Intifada</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1966 Syrian coup d'état">1966 Syrian coup d'état</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_September" title="Black September">Black September in Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemenite_War_of_1972" class="mw-redirect" title="Yemenite War of 1972">Yemenite War of 1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus" title="Turkish invasion of Cyprus">Turkish invasion of Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974%E2%80%9375_Shatt_al-Arab_conflict" title="1974–75 Shatt al-Arab conflict">Shatt al-Arab clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Civil_War" title="Lebanese Civil War">Lebanese Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_violence_in_Turkey_(1976%E2%80%931980)" title="Political violence in Turkey (1976–1980)">Political violence in Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamist_uprising_in_Syria" title="Islamist uprising in Syria">Islamist uprising in Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977_Shia_uprising_in_Iraq" title="1977 Shia uprising in Iraq">1977 Shia uprising in Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NDF_Rebellion" title="NDF Rebellion">NDF Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemenite_War_of_1979" class="mw-redirect" title="Yemenite War of 1979">Yemenite War of 1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Revolution">Iranian Revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consolidation_of_the_Iranian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Consolidation of the Iranian Revolution">Consolidation of the Iranian Revolution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_Qatif_Uprising" title="1979 Qatif Uprising">1979 Qatif Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Mosque_seizure" title="Grand Mosque seizure">Grand Mosque seizure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979%E2%80%931980_Shia_uprising_in_Iraq" title="1979–1980 Shia uprising in Iraq">1979–1980 Shia uprising in Iraq</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War" title="Iran–Iraq War">Iran–Iraq War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Turkish_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1980 Turkish coup d'état">1980 Turkish coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish%E2%80%93Turkish_conflict" title="Kurdish–Turkish conflict">Kurdish–Turkish conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish%E2%80%93Turkish_conflict_(1978%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdish–Turkish conflict (1978–present)">Turkey–PKK conflict</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Yemen_civil_war" title="South Yemen civil war">South Yemen civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_Egyptian_conscripts_riot" title="1986 Egyptian conscripts riot">1986 Egyptian conscripts riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_Damascus_bombings" title="1986 Damascus bombings">1986 Damascus bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_Sharjawi_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="1987 Sharjawi coup d'état attempt">1987 Sharjawi coup d'état attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_Mecca_incident" title="1987 Mecca incident">Mecca massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Nidal_Organization_internal_executions" title="Abu Nidal Organization internal executions">Abu Nidal's executions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War (1990–1991)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Iraqi_uprisings" title="1991 Iraqi uprisings">1991 Iraqi uprisings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Egypt" title="Terrorism in Egypt">Terror campaign in Egypt (1990s)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_Civil_War_(1994)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yemeni Civil War (1994)">Yemeni Civil War (1994)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Kurdish_Civil_War" title="Iraqi Kurdish Civil War">Iraqi Kurdish Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Terrorism in Saudi Arabia">Islamic insurgency in Saudi Arabia (2000–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_bombing_of_Iraq" title="1998 bombing of Iraq">Operation Desert Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_insurgency_in_Yemen" title="Al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen">al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Shia_uprising_in_Iraq" title="1999 Shia uprising in Iraq">1999 Shia uprising in Iraq</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistan_and_Baluchestan_insurgency" title="Sistan and Baluchestan insurgency">Balochi insurgency in Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Qamishli_riots" title="2004 Qamishli riots">2004 Qamishli riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houthi_insurgency_in_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Houthi insurgency in Yemen">Houthi insurgency in Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Israel_proxy_conflict" title="Iran–Israel proxy conflict">Iran–Israel proxy conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2006_Lebanon_War" title="2006 Lebanon War">2006 Lebanon War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatah%E2%80%93Hamas_conflict" title="Fatah–Hamas conflict">Fatah–Hamas conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Yemen_insurgency" title="South Yemen insurgency">South Yemen insurgency</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2011_Bahraini_uprising" title="2011 Bahraini uprising">2011 Bahraini uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Crisis_(2011%E2%80%932014)" title="Egyptian Crisis (2011–2014)">Egyptian Crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sinai_insurgency" title="Sinai insurgency">Sinai insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_terrorism_in_Egypt_(2013%E2%80%93present)" title="Timeline of terrorism in Egypt (2013–present)">Insurgency in Egypt (2013–present)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Turkish involvement in the Syrian civil war">Turkish involvement in Syria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war_spillover_in_Lebanon" title="Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon">Syrian War spillover in Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_insurgency_(2011%E2%80%932013)" title="Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)">Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)" title="War in Iraq (2013–2017)">War in Iraq (2013–2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_insurgency_in_Iraq_(2017%E2%80%93present)" title="Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017–present)">Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_crisis" title="Yemeni crisis">Yemeni crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%93present)" title="Yemeni civil war (2014–present)">Yemeni civil war (2014–present)</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_Beirut_clashes" title="2021 Beirut clashes">2021 Beirut clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Israel–Hamas war">Israel–Hamas war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hezbollah_conflict_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Israel–Hezbollah conflict (2023–present)">Israel–Hezbollah conflict (2023–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Sea_crisis" title="Red Sea crisis">Red Sea crisis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div>This list includes <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> and later conflicts (after 1914) of at least 100 fatalities each Prolonged conflicts are listed in the decade when initiated; ongoing conflicts are marked italic, and conflicts with +100,000 killed with bold.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Armed_conflicts_involving_the_Armed_Forces_of_the_United_States" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Armed_conflicts_involving_the_United_States_Armed_Forces" title="Template:Armed conflicts involving the United States Armed Forces"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Armed_conflicts_involving_the_United_States_Armed_Forces" title="Template talk:Armed conflicts involving the United States Armed Forces"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Armed_conflicts_involving_the_United_States_Armed_Forces" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Armed conflicts involving the United States Armed Forces"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Armed_conflicts_involving_the_Armed_Forces_of_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Armed conflicts involving the Armed Forces of the United States</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div>Listed chronologically</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Domestic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shays%27_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Shays' Rebellion">Shays' Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whiskey_Rebellion" title="Whiskey Rebellion">Whiskey Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fries%27s_Rebellion" title="Fries's Rebellion">Fries's Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1811_German_Coast_uprising" title="1811 German Coast uprising">1811 German Coast uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nat_Turner%27s_slave_rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Nat Turner's slave rebellion">Turner's Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1838_Mormon_War" title="1838 Mormon War">Mormon War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorr_Rebellion" title="Dorr Rebellion">Dorr Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bleeding_Kansas" title="Bleeding Kansas">Bleeding Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utah_War" title="Utah War">Utah War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Brown%27s_raid_on_Harpers_Ferry" title="John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry">Harpers Ferry raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_draft_riots" title="New York City draft riots">New York City draft riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Indian_Wars" title="American Indian Wars">American Indian Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooks%E2%80%93Baxter_War" title="Brooks–Baxter War">Brooks–Baxter War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Liberty_Place" title="Battle of Liberty Place">Battle of Liberty Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Range_war" title="Range war">Range War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamburg_massacre" title="Hamburg massacre">Hamburg riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_County_War" title="Lincoln County War">Lincoln County War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnson_County_War" title="Johnson County War">Johnson County War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coal_Creek_War" title="Coal Creek War">Coal Creek War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homestead_strike" title="Homestead strike">Homestead strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pullman_Strike" title="Pullman Strike">Pullman Strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Coalfield_War" title="Colorado Coalfield War">Colorado Coalfield War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Summer" title="Red Summer">Red Summer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Blair_Mountain" title="Battle of Blair Mountain">Battle of Blair Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulsa_race_massacre" title="Tulsa race massacre">Tulsa riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonus_Army" title="Bonus Army">Bonus Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rican_Nationalist_Party_revolts_of_the_1950s" class="mw-redirect" title="Puerto Rican Nationalist Party revolts of the 1950s">Puerto Rican revolts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghetto_riots_(1964%E2%80%931969)" title="Ghetto riots (1964–1969)">1960s ghetto rebellions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_Greensboro_uprising" title="1969 Greensboro uprising">1969 Greensboro uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kent_State_shootings" title="Kent State shootings">Kent State shootings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Los_Angeles_riots" title="1992 Los Angeles riots">1992 Los Angeles riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932023_United_States_racial_unrest" class="mw-redirect" title="2020–2023 United States racial unrest">2020 racial unrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack" title="January 6 United States Capitol attack">2021 U.S. Capitol attack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Foreign</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American%E2%80%93Algerian_War_(1785%E2%80%931795)" title="American–Algerian War (1785–1795)">American–Algerian War (1785–1795)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quasi-War" title="Quasi-War">Quasi-War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Barbary_War" title="First Barbary War">First Barbary War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Barbary_War" title="Second Barbary War">Second Barbary War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Sumatran_expedition" title="First Sumatran expedition">First Sumatran expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sumatran_expedition" title="Second Sumatran expedition">Second Sumatran expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast_expedition" title="Ivory Coast expedition">Ivory Coast expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican%E2%80%93American_War" title="Mexican–American War">Mexican–American War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Fiji_expedition" title="First Fiji expedition">First Fiji expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Opium_War" title="Second Opium War">Second Opium War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Fiji_expedition" title="Second Fiji expedition">Second Fiji expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formosa_Expedition" title="Formosa Expedition">Formosa Expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_expedition_to_Korea" title="United States expedition to Korea">Korean Expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish–American War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine%E2%80%93American_War" title="Philippine–American War">Philippine–American War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boxer_Rebellion" title="Boxer Rebellion">Boxer Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banana_Wars" title="Banana Wars">Banana Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Border_War_(1910%E2%80%931919)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexican Border War (1910–1919)">Border War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_intervention_in_the_Russian_Civil_War" title="Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War">Russian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Pigs_Invasion" title="Bay of Pigs Invasion">Bay of Pigs Invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Civil_War" title="Dominican Civil War">Dominican Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_invasion_of_Grenada" title="United States invasion of Grenada">Invasion of Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multinational_Force_in_Lebanon" title="Multinational Force in Lebanon">Lebanese Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_invasion_of_Panama" title="United States invasion of Panama">Invasion of Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_Civil_War" title="Somali Civil War">Somali Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Uphold_Democracy" title="Operation Uphold Democracy">Intervention in Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Deliberate_Force" title="Operation Deliberate Force">Bosnian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO_bombing_of_Yugoslavia" title="NATO bombing of Yugoslavia">Kosovo War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">War in Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">War in North-West Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_military_intervention_in_Libya" title="2011 military intervention in Libya">First Libyan Civil War</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">War against the Islamic State</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American-led_intervention_in_Iraq_(2014%E2%80%932021)" class="mw-redirect" title="American-led intervention in Iraq (2014–2021)">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/US_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="US intervention in the Syrian civil war">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram_insurgency#American_military_support" title="Boko Haram insurgency">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_intervention_in_Libya_(2015%E2%80%932019)" class="mw-redirect" title="American intervention in Libya (2015–2019)">Libya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%93present)" title="Yemeni civil war (2014–present)">Yemeni civil war</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_in_the_United_States" title="List of conflicts in the United States">Conflicts in the U.S.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_the_United_States" title="List of wars involving the United States">Wars involving the U.S.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_United_States_military_operations" title="Timeline of United States military operations">Timeline of U.S. military operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_lengths_of_United_States_participation_in_wars" title="List of the lengths of United States participation in wars">Length of U.S. participation in major wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_the_United_States" title="Territorial evolution of the United States">Territorial evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_States" title="Military history of the United States">Military history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="History of the Central Intelligence Agency">History of the Central Intelligence Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_military_casualties_of_war" title="United States military casualties of war">Casualties of war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_movement#United_States" title="Peace movement">Peace movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anti-war_organizations#United_States" title="List of anti-war organizations">List of anti-war organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscientious_objector#United_States" title="Conscientious objector">Conscientious objector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">War on terror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_war_crimes" title="United States war crimes">War crimes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ongoing_armed_conflicts" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ongoing_military_conflicts" title="Template:Ongoing military conflicts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ongoing_military_conflicts" title="Template talk:Ongoing military conflicts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ongoing_military_conflicts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ongoing military conflicts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ongoing_armed_conflicts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ongoing_armed_conflicts" title="List of ongoing armed conflicts">Ongoing armed conflicts</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allied_Democratic_Forces_insurgency" title="Allied Democratic Forces insurgency">Allied Democratic Forces insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglophone_Crisis" title="Anglophone Crisis">Anglophone Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinda_War" title="Cabinda War">Cabinda War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic_Civil_War" title="Central African Republic Civil War">Central African Republic Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Chad_(2016%E2%80%93present)" title="Insurgency in Chad (2016–present)">Insurgency in Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katanga_insurgency" title="Katanga insurgency">Insurgency in the Democratic Republic of the Congo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ituri_conflict" title="Ituri conflict">Ituri conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_DR_Congo_clashes" title="Western DR Congo clashes">Western DR Congo clashes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kivu_conflict" title="Kivu conflict">Kivu conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M23_offensive_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="M23 offensive (2022–present)">M23 offensive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Resistance_Army_insurgency" title="Lord's Resistance Army insurgency">Lord's Resistance Army insurgency</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allied_Democratic_Forces_insurgency" title="Allied Democratic Forces insurgency">ADF insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_civil_conflict_(2018%E2%80%93present)" title="Ethiopian civil conflict (2018–present)">Ethiopian civil conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afar%E2%80%93Somali_clashes" title="Afar–Somali clashes">Afar–Somali clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OLA_insurgency" title="OLA insurgency">OLA insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oromo_conflict" title="Oromo conflict">Oromo conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Amhara" title="War in Amhara">War in Amhara</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_violence_in_South_Sudan" title="Ethnic violence in South Sudan">Ethnic violence in South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Cabo_Delgado" title="Insurgency in Cabo Delgado">Insurgency in Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_Civil_War" title="Somali Civil War">Somali Civil War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Atalanta" title="Operation Atalanta">Operation Atalanta</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_terrorism_in_Egypt_(2013%E2%80%93present)" title="Timeline of terrorism in Egypt (2013–present)">Insurgency in Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_the_Maghreb_(2002%E2%80%93present)" title="Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)">Insurgency in the Maghreb</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamist_insurgency_in_the_Sahel" title="Islamist insurgency in the Sahel">Insurgency in the Sahel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jihadist_insurgency_in_Burkina_Faso" class="mw-redirect" title="Jihadist insurgency in Burkina Faso">Jihadist insurgency in Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jihadist_insurgency_in_Niger" title="Jihadist insurgency in Niger">Jihadist insurgency in Niger</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_Crisis_(2011%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Libyan Crisis (2011–present)">Libyan Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinai_insurgency" title="Sinai insurgency">Sinai insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_nomadic_conflicts" title="Sudanese nomadic conflicts">Sudanese nomadic conflicts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_violence_in_South_Sudan" title="Ethnic violence in South Sudan">Ethnic violence in South Sudan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Darfur" title="War in Darfur">War in Darfur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara_conflict" title="Western Sahara conflict">Western Sahara conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Saharan_clashes_(2020%E2%80%93present)" title="Western Saharan clashes (2020–present)">Western Saharan clashes</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">West</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communal_conflicts_in_Nigeria" title="Communal conflicts in Nigeria">Communal conflicts in Nigeria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram_insurgency" title="Boko Haram insurgency">Boko Haram insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herder%E2%80%93farmer_conflicts_in_Nigeria" title="Herder–farmer conflicts in Nigeria">Herder–farmer conflicts in Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_bandit_conflict" title="Nigerian bandit conflict">Nigerian bandit conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_violence_in_Nigeria" title="Religious violence in Nigeria">Religious violence in Nigeria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conflict_in_the_Niger_Delta" title="Conflict in the Niger Delta">Conflict in the Niger Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Southeastern_Nigeria" title="Insurgency in Southeastern Nigeria">Insurgency in Southeastern Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mali_War" title="Mali War">Mali War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azawad_conflict" title="Azawad conflict">Azawad conflict</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Togoland_Rebellion" title="Western Togoland Rebellion">Western Togoland Rebellion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_political_conflict" title="Jamaican political conflict">Jamaican political conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_drug_war" title="Mexican drug war">Mexican drug war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_gang_crackdown" title="Salvadoran gang crackdown">Salvadoran gang crackdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honduran_gang_crackdown" title="Honduran gang crackdown">Honduran gang crackdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gang_war_in_Haiti" title="Gang war in Haiti">Gang war in Haiti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_conflict" title="Colombian conflict">Colombian conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuadorian_security_crisis" title="Ecuadorian security crisis">Ecuadorian security crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Paraguay" title="Insurgency in Paraguay">Insurgency in Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Peruvian conflict">Peruvian conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapuche_conflict" title="Mapuche conflict">Mapuche conflict</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_conflict" title="Korean conflict">Korean conflict</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_conflict" title="Xinjiang conflict">Xinjiang conflict</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_conflict" title="Afghan conflict">Afghan conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State%E2%80%93Taliban_conflict" title="Islamic State–Taliban conflict">Islamic State–Taliban conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_insurgency_in_Afghanistan" title="Republican insurgency in Afghanistan">Republican insurgency</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Bangladesh" title="Terrorism in Bangladesh">Internal conflict in Bangladesh</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_drug_war" title="Bangladesh drug war">Drugs</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Northeast_India" title="Insurgency in Northeast India">Insurgency in Northeast India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir">Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naxalite%E2%80%93Maoist_insurgency" title="Naxalite–Maoist insurgency">Naxalite–Maoist insurgency</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Radd-ul-Fasaad" title="Operation Radd-ul-Fasaad">Insurgency in Pakistan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Sindh" title="Insurgency in Sindh">Insurgency in Sindh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistan_and_Baluchestan_insurgency" title="Sistan and Baluchestan insurgency">Sistan and Baluchestan insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan%E2%80%93Pakistan_border_skirmishes" title="Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmishes">Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Sindh" title="Insurgency in Sindh">Insurgency in Sindh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sectarian_violence_in_Pakistan" title="Sectarian violence in Pakistan">Sectarian violence in Pakistan</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South- east</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar_conflict" title="Myanmar conflict">Myanmar conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar_civil_war_(2021%E2%80%93present)" title="Myanmar civil war (2021–present)">Myanmar civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kachin_conflict" title="Kachin conflict">Kachin conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalay_clashes" title="Kalay clashes">Kalay clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen_conflict" title="Karen conflict">Karen conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen%E2%80%93Mon_conflict" title="Karen–Mon conflict">Karen–Mon conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conflict_in_Rakhine_State_(2016%E2%80%93present)" title="Conflict in Rakhine State (2016–present)">Conflict in Rakhine State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohingya_conflict" title="Rohingya conflict">Rohingya conflict</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_conflict_in_the_Philippines" title="Civil conflict in the Philippines">Conflicts in the Philippines</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_People%27s_Army_rebellion" title="New People's Army rebellion">Communist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_drug_war" title="Philippine drug war">Drug war</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_conflict" title="Papua conflict">Papua conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Thailand_insurgency" title="South Thailand insurgency">South Thailand insurgency</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">West</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazia_conflict" title="Abkhazia conflict">Abkhazia conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian%E2%80%93Ossetian_conflict" title="Georgian–Ossetian conflict">Georgian–Ossetian conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistan_and_Baluchestan_insurgency" title="Sistan and Baluchestan insurgency">Sistan and Baluchestan insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_conflict" title="Iraqi conflict">Iraq conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_insurgency_in_Iraq_(2017%E2%80%93present)" title="Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017–present)">Islamic State insurgency in Iraq</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_proxy_conflict" title="Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict">Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qatif_conflict" title="Qatif conflict">Qatif conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_crisis" title="Yemeni crisis">Yemeni crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saudi-led_intervention_in_the_Yemeni_civil_war" title="Saudi-led intervention in the Yemeni civil war">Saudi–led intervention</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%93present)" title="Yemeni civil war (2014–present)">Yemeni Civil war</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Israel_proxy_conflict" title="Iran–Israel proxy conflict">Iran–Israel proxy conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_conflict" title="Gaza–Israel conflict">Gaza–Israel conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezbollah%E2%80%93Israel_conflict" title="Hezbollah–Israel conflict">Hezbollah–Israel conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Israel_conflict_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Iran–Israel conflict during the Syrian civil war">Iran–Israel conflict in Syria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_separatism_in_Iran" title="Kurdish separatism in Iran">Kurdish separatism in Iran</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93PJAK_conflict" title="Iran–PJAK conflict">Iran–PJAK conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Iran_clashes_(2016%E2%80%93present)" title="Western Iran clashes (2016–present)">Western Iran clashes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party_insurgency" title="Kurdistan Workers' Party insurgency">Kurdistan Workers' Party insurgency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party_insurgency_(2015%E2%80%93present)" title="Timeline of the Kurdistan Workers' Party insurgency (2015–present)">2015–present</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maoist_insurgency_in_Turkey" title="Maoist insurgency in Turkey">Maoist insurgency in Turkey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DHKP/C_insurgency_in_Turkey" title="DHKP/C insurgency in Turkey">DHKP/C insurgency in Turkey</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daraa_insurgency" title="Daraa insurgency">Daraa insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Desert_campaign_(December_2017%E2%80%93present)" title="Syrian Desert campaign (December 2017–present)">Desert campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-rebel_conflict_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Inter-rebel conflict during the Syrian civil war">Inter-rebel conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rojava_conflict" title="Rojava conflict">Rojava conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Russian intervention in the Syrian civil war">Russian intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian%E2%80%93Turkish_border_clashes_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian–Turkish border clashes during the Syrian civil war">Syrian–Turkish border clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_insurgency_in_Deir_ez-Zor" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State insurgency in Deir ez-Zor">Islamic State insurgency in Deir ez-Zor</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazia_conflict" title="Abkhazia conflict">Abkhazia conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian%E2%80%93Ossetian_conflict" title="Georgian–Ossetian conflict">Georgian–Ossetian conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_insurgency_in_the_North_Caucasus" title="Islamic State insurgency in the North Caucasus">Islamic State insurgency in the North Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russo-Ukrainian War">Russo-Ukrainian War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">West</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dissident_Irish_republican_campaign" title="Dissident Irish republican campaign">Dissident Irish republican campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loyalist_feud" title="Loyalist feud">Loyalist feud</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Barack_Obama" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Barack_Obama" title="Template:Barack Obama"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Barack_Obama" title="Template talk:Barack Obama"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Barack_Obama" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Barack Obama"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Barack_Obama" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">44th</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> (2009–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senator</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Illinois" title="List of United States senators from Illinois">from Illinois</a> (2005–2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Senate" title="Illinois Senate">Illinois Senator</a> from the 13th district (1997–2004)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life and politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_life_and_career_of_Barack_Obama" title="Early life and career of Barack Obama">Early life and career</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Senate_career_of_Barack_Obama" title="Illinois Senate career of Barack Obama">Illinois Senate career</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2004 Democratic National Convention">2004 Democratic National Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_career_of_Barack_Obama" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate career of Barack Obama">U.S. Senate career</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Barack_Obama" title="Political positions of Barack Obama">Political positions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Barack Obama administration">Administration foreign policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Cannabis policy of the Barack Obama administration">Cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_on_mass_surveillance" title="Barack Obama on mass surveillance">Mass surveillance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Social policy of the Barack Obama administration">Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Space policy of the Barack Obama administration">Space</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2009 Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Wing_Week" title="West Wing Week">West Wing Week</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Barack_Obama" title="Presidency of Barack Obama">Presidency</a> (<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency" title="Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency">timeline</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Barack_Obama" title="Presidential transition of Barack Obama">Transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Barack_Obama" title="First inauguration of Barack Obama">2009 inauguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Barack_Obama" title="Second inauguration of Barack Obama">2013 inauguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_100_days_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency" title="First 100 days of the Barack Obama presidency">First 100 days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency" title="Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency">Timeline</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency_(2009)" title="Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency (2009)">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency_(2010)" title="Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency (2010)">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency_(2011)" title="Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency (2011)">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency_(2012)" title="Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency (2012)">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency_(2013)" title="Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency (2013)">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency_(2014)" title="Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency (2014)">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency_(2015)" title="Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency (2015)">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency_(2016%E2%80%932017)" title="Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency (2016–2017)">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency_(2016%E2%80%932017)#January_2017" title="Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency (2016–2017)">January 2017</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Barack Obama administration">Foreign policy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_foreign_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Middle Eastern foreign policy of the Barack Obama administration">Middle East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)#Reassessment_and_renewed_commitment_from_2008" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">War in Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_United_States_troops_from_Iraq_(2007%E2%80%932011)" title="Withdrawal of United States troops from Iraq (2007–2011)">Iraq withdrawal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Osama_bin_Laden" title="Killing of Osama bin Laden">Killing of Osama bin Laden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Benghazi_attack" title="2012 Benghazi attack">Benghazi attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/US-led_intervention_in_Iraq_(2014%E2%80%932021)" title="US-led intervention in Iraq (2014–2021)">Return to Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/US_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="US intervention in the Syrian civil war">War in Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action" title="Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action">Iran nuclear deal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_foreign_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="East Asian foreign policy of the Barack Obama administration">Pivot to Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_thaw" title="Cuban thaw">Cuban thaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obama_Doctrine" title="Obama Doctrine">Obama Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_foreign_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="European foreign policy of the Barack Obama administration">Europe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Economic policy of the Barack Obama administration">Economic policy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affordable_Care_Act" title="Affordable Care Act">Affordable Care Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Recovery_and_Reinvestment_Act_of_2009" title="American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009">American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dodd%E2%80%93Frank_Wall_Street_Reform_and_Consumer_Protection_Act" title="Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act">Dodd–Frank Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilly_Ledbetter_Fair_Pay_Act_of_2009" title="Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009">Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Energy policy of the Barack Obama administration">Energy</a>/Environmental <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frank_R._Lautenberg_Chemical_Safety_for_the_21st_Century_Act" title="Frank R. Lautenberg Chemical Safety for the 21st Century Act">Lautenberg Chemical Safety Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Marine policy of the Barack Obama administration">Marine policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Energy_for_America" title="New Energy for America">New Energy for America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regulation_of_greenhouse_gases_under_the_Clean_Air_Act" title="Regulation of greenhouse gases under the Clean Air Act">Regulation of greenhouse gases under the Clean Air Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clean_Power_Plan" title="Clean Power Plan">Clean Power Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clean_Water_Act" title="Clean Water Act">Water Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act of 2014</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthy,_Hunger-Free_Kids_Act_of_2010" title="Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010">Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_START" title="New START">New START</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moving_Ahead_for_Progress_in_the_21st_Century_Act" title="Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act">MAP-21st Century Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fixing_America%27s_Surface_Transportation_Act" title="Fixing America's Surface Transportation Act">FAST Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_granted_executive_clemency_by_Barack_Obama" title="List of people granted executive clemency by Barack Obama">Pardons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama" title="List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama">Presidential trips</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama_(2009)" title="List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama (2009)">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama_(2010)" title="List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama (2010)">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama_(2011)" title="List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama (2011)">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama_(2012)" title="List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama (2012)">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama_(2013)" title="List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama (2013)">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama_(2014)" title="List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama (2014)">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama_(2015)" title="List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama (2015)">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama_(2016%E2%80%932017)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama (2016–2017)">2016–17</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama" title="List of international presidential trips made by Barack Obama">international</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Barack_Obama" title="List of federal judges appointed by Barack Obama">Judicial appointments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_Supreme_Court_candidates" title="Barack Obama Supreme Court candidates">Supreme Court</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sonia_Sotomayor_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Sonia Sotomayor Supreme Court nomination">Sotomayor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elena_Kagan_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Elena Kagan Supreme Court nomination">Kagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merrick_Garland_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Merrick Garland Supreme Court nomination">Garland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_judicial_appointment_controversies" title="Barack Obama judicial appointment controversies">controversies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Barack_Obama" title="Cabinet of Barack Obama">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_Presidential_Center" title="Barack Obama Presidential Center">Presidential Library and Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_executive_actions_by_Barack_Obama" title="List of executive actions by Barack Obama">Executive actions</a> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Barack_Hussein_Obama/Executive_orders" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Author:Barack Hussein Obama/Executive orders">Executive orders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_memoranda_by_Barack_Obama" title="List of presidential memoranda by Barack Obama">Memoranda</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Barack_Obama/Presidential_Proclamations" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Author:Barack Obama/Presidential Proclamations">Proclamations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_presidential_transition_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidential transition of Donald Trump">Trump transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plantation_Estate" title="Plantation Estate">Plantation Estate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Books_by_Barack_Obama" title="Category:Books by Barack Obama">Books</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dreams_from_My_Father" title="Dreams from My Father">Dreams from My Father (1995)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Audacity_of_Hope" title="The Audacity of Hope">The Audacity of Hope (2006)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Of_Thee_I_Sing_(book)" title="Of Thee I Sing (book)">Of Thee I Sing (2010)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Promised_Land" title="A Promised Land">A Promised Land (2020)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Speeches_of_Barack_Obama" title="Speeches of Barack Obama">Speeches</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/2004_Democratic_National_Convention_keynote_address" title="2004 Democratic National Convention keynote address">The Audacity of Hope</a>" (2004)</li> <li>"<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Remarks_of_Senator_Barack_Obama_on_New_Hampshire_Primary_Night" class="extiw" title="s:Remarks of Senator Barack Obama on New Hampshire Primary Night">Yes We Can</a>" (2008)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_More_Perfect_Union_(speech)" title="A More Perfect Union (speech)">A More Perfect Union</a>" (2008)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_2008_presidential_election_victory_speech" title="Barack Obama 2008 presidential election victory speech">Change Has Come to America</a>" (2008)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Barack_Obama#Ceremony:_"A_New_Birth_of_Freedom"" title="First inauguration of Barack Obama">A New Birth of Freedom</a>" (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2009_Barack_Obama_speech_to_a_joint_session_of_Congress" title="February 2009 Barack Obama speech to a joint session of Congress">Joint session of Congress</a> (2009)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_New_Beginning_(speech)" title="A New Beginning (speech)">A New Beginning</a>" (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2009_Barack_Obama_speech_to_a_joint_session_of_Congress" title="September 2009 Barack Obama speech to a joint session of Congress">Joint session of Congress (health care reform)</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_the_Union" title="State of the Union">State of the Union Address</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2010_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2010 State of the Union Address">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2011 State of the Union Address">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2012 State of the Union Address">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2013 State of the Union Address">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2014 State of the Union Address">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2015 State of the Union Address">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2016 State of the Union Address">2016</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_Tucson_memorial_speech" title="Barack Obama Tucson memorial speech">Tucson memorial speech</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Jobs_Act" title="American Jobs Act">Joint session of Congress (jobs)</a> (2011)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/You_didn%27t_build_that" title="You didn't build that">You didn't build that</a>" (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_Selma_50th_anniversary_speech" title="Barack Obama Selma 50th anniversary speech">Selma 50th anniversary</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama%27s_farewell_address" title="Barack Obama's farewell address">Farewell address</a> (2017)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Barack_Obama" title="Electoral history of Barack Obama">Elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Illinois</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Senate_elections_of_Barack_Obama" title="Illinois Senate elections of Barack Obama">State Senate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Senate_elections_of_Barack_Obama#First_state_Senate_election,_1996" title="Illinois Senate elections of Barack Obama">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Senate_elections_of_Barack_Obama#Second_state_Senate_election,_1998" title="Illinois Senate elections of Barack Obama">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Senate_elections_of_Barack_Obama#Third_state_Senate_election,_2002" title="Illinois Senate elections of Barack Obama">2002</a></li></ul></li> <li>U.S. House of Representatives <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2000_Illinois%27s_1st_congressional_district_election" title="2000 Illinois's 1st congressional district election">2000</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">U.S. Senate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_Senate_election_in_Illinois" title="2004 United States Senate election in Illinois">2004</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presidential</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Barack Obama 2008 presidential campaign">2008 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Barack_Obama_2008_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Barack Obama 2008 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republican_and_conservative_support_for_Barack_Obama_in_2008" title="Republican and conservative support for Barack Obama in 2008">GOP/conservative support</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Barack_Obama_2008_presidential_campaign_staff_members" title="List of Barack Obama 2008 presidential campaign staff members">staff members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_2008_presidential_primary_campaign" title="Barack Obama 2008 presidential primary campaign">primary campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="2008 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection">running mate selection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2008 Democratic National Convention">convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2008 United States presidential debates">debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="2008 United States presidential election">election</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Barack Obama 2012 presidential campaign">2012 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Barack_Obama_2012_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Barack Obama 2012 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2012 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2012 Democratic National Convention">convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2012 United States presidential debates">debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="2012 United States presidential election">election</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Family_of_Barack_Obama" title="Family of Barack Obama">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama">Michelle Obama</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Dunham" title="Ann Dunham">Ann Dunham</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_Sr." title="Barack Obama Sr.">Barack Obama Sr.</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lolo_Soetoro" title="Lolo Soetoro">Lolo Soetoro</a> (stepfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_Soetoro-Ng" title="Maya Soetoro-Ng">Maya Soetoro-Ng</a> (maternal half-sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Armour_Dunham" title="Stanley Armour Dunham">Stanley Armour Dunham</a> (maternal grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madelyn_Dunham" title="Madelyn Dunham">Madelyn Dunham</a> (maternal grandmother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auma_Obama" title="Auma Obama">Auma Obama</a> (paternal half-sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malik_Obama" title="Malik Obama">Malik Obama</a> (paternal half-brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_Robinson" title="Marian Robinson">Marian Robinson</a> (mother-in-law)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craig_Robinson_(basketball)" title="Craig Robinson (basketball)">Craig Robinson</a> (brother-in-law)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bo_(dog)" title="Bo (dog)">Bo</a> (family dog)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunny_(dog)" title="Sunny (dog)">Sunny</a> (family dog)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Barack_Obama" title="Template:Barack Obama"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Barack_Obama" title="Template talk:Barack Obama"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Barack_Obama" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Barack Obama"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Public_image" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Public_image_of_Barack_Obama" title="Public image of Barack Obama">Public image</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">News and political events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey%27s_endorsement_of_Barack_Obama" title="Oprah Winfrey's endorsement of Barack Obama">Oprah Winfrey's endorsement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_citizenship_conspiracy_theories" title="Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories">Citizenship conspiracy theories</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_presidential_eligibility_litigation" title="Barack Obama presidential eligibility litigation">litigation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_religion_conspiracy_theories" title="Barack Obama religion conspiracy theories">Religion conspiracy theories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Ayers_2008_presidential_election_controversy" title="Bill Ayers 2008 presidential election controversy">Bill Ayers controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright_controversy" title="Jeremiah Wright controversy">Jeremiah Wright controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_and_conservative_support_for_Barack_Obama_in_2008" title="Republican and conservative support for Barack Obama in 2008">Republican and conservative support (2008)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_incidents_involving_Barack_Obama" title="Security incidents involving Barack Obama">Assassination threats</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_assassination_plot_in_Denver" title="Barack Obama assassination plot in Denver">2008 Denver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_assassination_plot_in_Tennessee" title="Barack Obama assassination plot in Tennessee">2008 Tennessee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invitations_to_the_first_inauguration_of_Barack_Obama" title="Invitations to the first inauguration of Barack Obama">First inauguration invitations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/We_Are_One:_The_Obama_Inaugural_Celebration_at_the_Lincoln_Memorial" title="We Are One: The Obama Inaugural Celebration at the Lincoln Memorial">Inaugural Celebration at the Lincoln Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizen%27s_Briefing_Book" title="Citizen's Briefing Book">Citizen's Briefing Book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_Party_protests" title="Tea Party protests">Tea Party protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Energy_for_America" title="New Energy for America">New Energy for America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Louis_Gates_arrest_controversy#Presidential_involvement" title="Henry Louis Gates arrest controversy">Gates–Crowley Rose Garden meeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firing_of_Shirley_Sherrod" title="Firing of Shirley Sherrod">Firing of Shirley Sherrod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efforts_to_impeach_Barack_Obama" title="Efforts to impeach Barack Obama">Impeachment efforts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_tan_suit_controversy" title="Barack Obama tan suit controversy">Tan suit controversy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Books_about_Barack_Obama" title="Category:Books about Barack Obama">Books about</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Barack_Obama" title="Bibliography of Barack Obama">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obama:_From_Promise_to_Power" title="Obama: From Promise to Power">Obama: From Promise to Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama:_Der_schwarze_Kennedy" title="Barack Obama: Der schwarze Kennedy">Barack Obama: Der schwarze Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redemption_Song_(Stanage_book)" title="Redemption Song (Stanage book)">Redemption Song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Case_Against_Barack_Obama" title="The Case Against Barack Obama">The Case Against Barack Obama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Obama_Nation" title="The Obama Nation">The Obama Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Corruption" title="Culture of Corruption">Culture of Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catastrophe_(Morris_and_McGann_book)" title="Catastrophe (Morris and McGann book)">Catastrophe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_and_Michelle" title="Barack and Michelle">Barack and Michelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Speech_(Sharpley-Whiting_book)" title="The Speech (Sharpley-Whiting book)">The Speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Obama_Story" title="The Obama Story">The Obama Story</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Between_Barack_and_a_Hard_Place" title="Between Barack and a Hard Place">Between Barack and a Hard Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_Change" title="Game Change">Game Change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obama_Zombies" title="Obama Zombies">Obama Zombies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Victory" title="Conservative Victory">Conservative Victory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bridge:_The_Life_and_Rise_of_Barack_Obama" title="The Bridge: The Life and Rise of Barack Obama">The Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Obama_Diaries" title="The Obama Diaries">The Obama Diaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Obama_Syndrome" title="The Obama Syndrome">The Obama Syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Obama_Identity" title="The Obama Identity">The Obama Identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O:_A_Presidential_Novel" title="O: A Presidential Novel">O: A Presidential Novel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Where%27s_the_Birth_Certificate%3F" title="Where's the Birth Certificate?">Where's the Birth Certificate?</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obama%27s_Last_Stand" title="Obama's Last Stand">Obama's Last Stand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama:_The_Story" title="Barack Obama: The Story">Barack Obama: The Story</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_Down:_Game_Change_2012" title="Double Down: Game Change 2012"> Game Change 2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buyer%27s_Remorse_(book)" title="Buyer's Remorse (book)">Buyer's Remorse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rising_Star_(book)" title="Rising Star (book)">Rising Star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shade:_A_Tale_of_Two_Presidents" title="Shade: A Tale of Two Presidents">Shade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_World_as_It_Is_(book)" title="The World as It Is (book)">The World as It Is</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amber_Lee_Ettinger" title="Amber Lee Ettinger">Obama Girl</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Crush_on_Obama" title="Crush on Obama">I Got a Crush... on Obama</a>"</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Magical_Negro#Barack_Obama" title="Magical Negro">Barack the Magic Negro</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Will.i.am" title="Will.i.am">will.i.am</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Yes_We_Can_(will.i.am_song)" title="Yes We Can (will.i.am song)">Yes We Can</a>"</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_President_Sang_Amazing_Grace" title="The President Sang Amazing Grace">The President Sang Amazing Grace</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/There%27s_No_One_as_Irish_as_Barack_O%27Bama" title="There's No One as Irish as Barack O'Bama">There's No One as Irish as Barack O'Bama</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/S%C3%AD_Se_Puede_Cambiar" title="Sí Se Puede Cambiar">Sí Se Puede Cambiar</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/My_President" title="My President">My President</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Deadheads_for_Obama" title="Deadheads for Obama">Deadheads for Obama</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Air_and_Simple_Gifts" title="Air and Simple Gifts">Air and Simple Gifts</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Change_Is_Now:_Renewing_America%27s_Promise" title="Change Is Now: Renewing America's Promise">Change Is Now</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hope!_%E2%80%93_Das_Obama_Musical" title="Hope! – Das Obama Musical">Hope! – Das Obama Musical</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_vs._Mitt_Romney_(video)" title="Barack Obama vs. Mitt Romney (video)">Barack Obama vs. Mitt Romney</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baracksdubs" title="Baracksdubs">Barack's Dubs</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Signed,_Sealed,_Delivered_I%27m_Yours#Political_significance" title="Signed, Sealed, Delivered I'm Yours">Signed, Sealed, Delivered I'm Yours</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Film, TV, and stage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/By_the_People:_The_Election_of_Barack_Obama" title="By the People: The Election of Barack Obama">By the People: The Election of Barack Obama</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Change_(film)" title="Change (film)">Change</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obama_Anak_Menteng" title="Obama Anak Menteng">Obama Anak Menteng</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016:_Obama%27s_America" title="2016: Obama's America">2016: Obama's America</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Road_We%27ve_Traveled" title="The Road We've Traveled">The Road We've Traveled</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southside_with_You" title="Southside with You">Southside with You</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_and_Clinton" title="Hillary and Clinton">Hillary and Clinton</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_(2016_film)" title="Barry (2016 film)">Barry</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/America%27s_Great_Divide" title="America's Great Divide">America's Great Divide</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/We_the_People_(2021_TV_series)" title="We the People (2021 TV series)">We the People</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renegades:_Born_in_the_USA" title="Renegades: Born in the USA">Renegades: Born in the USA</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obama:_In_Pursuit_of_a_More_Perfect_Union" title="Obama: In Pursuit of a More Perfect Union">Obama: In Pursuit of a More Perfect Union</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_First_Lady_(American_TV_series)" title="The First Lady (American TV series)">The First Lady</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picturing_the_Obamas" title="Picturing the Obamas">Picturing the Obamas</a> (2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Images_of_Barack_Obama" title="Category:Images of Barack Obama">Other media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_media_use_by_Barack_Obama" title="Social media use by Barack Obama">Social media use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artists_for_Obama" title="Artists for Obama">Artists for Obama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_%22Hope%22_poster" title="Barack Obama "Hope" poster">"Hope" poster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_%22Joker%22_poster" title="Barack Obama "Joker" poster">"Joker" poster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_Like_Mine" title="Hair Like Mine">Hair Like Mine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Situation_Room_(photograph)" title="Situation Room (photograph)">Situation Room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iman_Crosson" title="Iman Crosson">Iman Crosson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Forgotten_Man_(painting)" title="The Forgotten Man (painting)">The Forgotten Man</a> (2010 painting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_Barack_Obama_(painting)" title="President Barack Obama (painting)">President Barack Obama</a> (2018 portrait)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obama_logo" title="Obama logo">Obama logo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_in_comics" title="Barack Obama in comics">In comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama%27s_summer_playlist" title="Barack Obama's summer playlist">Barack Obama's summer playlist</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_Day" title="Barack Obama Day">Barack Obama Day (Illinois)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obama_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Obama Day">Obama Day (Kenya)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_honors_and_awards_received_by_Barack_Obama" class="mw-redirect" title="List of honors and awards received by Barack Obama">Awards and honors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_things_named_after_Barack_Obama" title="List of things named after Barack Obama">Namesakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_Ground_Productions" title="Higher Ground Productions">Higher Ground Productions</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/One_Last_Time_(Hamilton_song)#Remix" title="One Last Time (Hamilton song)">One Last Time (44 Remix)</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunlight_before_signing" title="Sunlight before signing">Sunlight before signing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">← George W. Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump →</a></li></ul> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Barack_Obama" title="Category:Barack Obama">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump_(2017–2021)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="Template:First presidency of Donald Trump"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="Template talk:First presidency of Donald Trump"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="Special:EditPage/Template:First presidency of Donald Trump"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump_(2017–2021)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidency of Donald Trump">First presidency of Donald Trump</a> (2017–2021)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tenure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_presidential_transition_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidential transition of Donald Trump">Transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Donald_Trump" title="First inauguration of Donald Trump">Inauguration</a> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Donald_Trump%27s_First_Inaugural_Address" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Donald Trump's First Inaugural Address">speech</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_on_the_first_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Opinion polling on the first Donald Trump administration">Opinion polling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2017_opinion_polling_on_the_Donald_Trump_administration" title="2017 opinion polling on the Donald Trump administration">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_opinion_polling_on_the_Donald_Trump_administration" title="2018 opinion polling on the Donald Trump administration">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_opinion_polling_on_the_Donald_Trump_administration" title="2019 opinion polling on the Donald Trump administration">2019</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_media_use_by_Donald_Trump" title="Social media use by Donald Trump">Social media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_United_States_elections" title="2018 United States elections">2018 midterm elections</a></li> <li>Government shutdowns <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_2018_United_States_federal_government_shutdown" title="January 2018 United States federal government shutdown">January 2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018%E2%80%932019_United_States_federal_government_shutdown" title="2018–2019 United States federal government shutdown">2018–2019</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_executive_actions_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of executive actions by Donald Trump">Executive actions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_executive_orders_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of executive orders by Donald Trump">executive orders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_proclamations_by_Donald_Trump" class="mw-redirect" title="List of proclamations by Donald Trump">presidential proclamations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_George_H._W._Bush" title="Death and state funeral of George H. W. Bush">State funeral of George H. W. Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Ruth_Bader_Ginsburg" title="Death and state funeral of Ruth Bader Ginsburg">State funeral of Ruth Bader Ginsburg</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_granted_executive_clemency_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of people granted executive clemency by Donald Trump">Executive clemency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pardon_of_Joe_Arpaio" title="Pardon of Joe Arpaio">pardon of Joe Arpaio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Wallie_Howard_Jr." title="Murder of Wallie Howard Jr.">commutation of Jaime Davidson</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump_travel_ban" title="Trump travel ban">Travel bans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_Executive_Order_13769" title="Reactions to Executive Order 13769">reactions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_challenges_to_the_Trump_travel_ban" title="Legal challenges to the Trump travel ban">legal challenges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protests_against_Executive_Order_13769" title="Protests against Executive Order 13769">protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_13780" title="Executive Order 13780">replacement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump_wall" title="Trump wall">Trump wall</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_13767" title="Executive Order 13767">Executive Order 13767</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump_administration_family_separation_policy" title="Trump administration family separation policy">Family separation policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump_administration_migrant_detentions" class="mw-redirect" title="Trump administration migrant detentions">Migrant detentions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Faithful_Patriot" title="Operation Faithful Patriot">Operation Faithful Patriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stormy_Daniels%E2%80%93Donald_Trump_scandal" title="Stormy Daniels–Donald Trump scandal">Stormy Daniels scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I_Am_Part_of_the_Resistance_Inside_the_Trump_Administration" title="I Am Part of the Resistance Inside the Trump Administration">Anonymous senior official op-ed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93United_States_relations#Trump_administration_(2017–2021)" title="Israel–United States relations">Relations with Israel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_recognition_of_Jerusalem_as_capital_of_Israel" title="United States recognition of Jerusalem as capital of Israel">Jerusalem recognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_recognition_of_the_Golan_Heights_as_part_of_Israel" title="United States recognition of the Golan Heights as part of Israel">Golan Heights recognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump_peace_plan" title="Trump peace plan">Peace plan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Accords" title="Abraham Accords">Abraham Accords</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93United_Arab_Emirates_normalization_agreement" title="Israel–United Arab Emirates normalization agreement">UAE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain%E2%80%93Israel_normalization_agreement" title="Bahrain–Israel normalization agreement">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Sudan_normalization_agreement" title="Israel–Sudan normalization agreement">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Morocco_normalization_agreement" title="Israel–Morocco normalization agreement">Morocco</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_and_Serbia_economic_normalization_agreements" title="Kosovo and Serbia economic normalization agreements">Kosovo–Serbia agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017%E2%80%932018_North_Korea_crisis" title="2017–2018 North Korea crisis">North Korea crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2018%E2%80%9319_Korean_peace_process" title="2018–19 Korean peace process">peace process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_North_Korea%E2%80%93United_States_Singapore_Summit" title="2018 North Korea–United States Singapore Summit">Singapore summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_North_Korea%E2%80%93United_States_Hanoi_Summit" title="2019 North Korea–United States Hanoi Summit">Hanoi summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Koreas%E2%80%93United_States_DMZ_Summit" title="2019 Koreas–United States DMZ Summit">DMZ summit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump%E2%80%93Ukraine_scandal" title="Trump–Ukraine scandal">Trump–Ukraine scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93United_States_relations#Trump_administration_(2017–2021)" title="Russia–United States relations">Relations with Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2018_Russia%E2%80%93United_States_summit" title="2018 Russia–United States summit">Helsinki summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Links_between_Trump_associates_and_Russian_officials" title="Links between Trump associates and Russian officials">Links between Trump administration and Russian government officials</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_bounty_program" title="Russian bounty program">Russian bounty program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump_administration_farmer_bailouts" title="Trump administration farmer bailouts">Farmer bailouts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_United_States%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_arms_deal" title="2017 United States–Saudi Arabia arms deal">Saudi Arabia arms deal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/US_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="US intervention in the Syrian civil war">Syria strikes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2017_Shayrat_missile_strike" title="2017 Shayrat missile strike">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2018_missile_strikes_against_Syria" title="April 2018 missile strikes against Syria">2018</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_United_States_invasion_of_Venezuela" title="Proposed United States invasion of Venezuela">Proposed invasion of Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump%E2%80%93Tsai_call" title="Trump–Tsai call">Taiwan call</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_withdrawal_from_the_Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action" title="United States withdrawal from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action">Withdrawal from the Iran nuclear deal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Death of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Death of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Qasem_Soleimani" title="Assassination of Qasem Soleimani">Assassination of Qasem Soleimani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_U.S._troop_withdrawal_from_Afghanistan" title="2020–2021 U.S. troop withdrawal from Afghanistan">Afghanistan withdrawal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._federal_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="U.S. federal government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic response</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trump_administration_communication_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" class="mw-redirect" title="Trump administration communication during the COVID-19 pandemic">Communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak" title="White House COVID-19 outbreak">White House COVID-19 outbreak</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump_administration_political_interference_with_science_agencies" class="mw-redirect" title="Trump administration political interference with science agencies">Political interference with science agencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_federal_government_data_breach" title="2020 United States federal government data breach">Federal government data breach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossfire_Hurricane_(FBI_investigation)" title="Crossfire Hurricane (FBI investigation)">Crossfire Hurricane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump%27s_disclosures_of_classified_information" title="Donald Trump's disclosures of classified information">Classified information disclosures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mueller_special_counsel_investigation" title="Mueller special counsel investigation">Mueller special counsel investigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durham_special_counsel_investigation" title="Durham special counsel investigation">Durham special counsel investigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_affairs_of_Donald_Trump_as_president" title="Legal affairs of Donald Trump as president">Legal affairs</a></li> <li>Impeachments <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Efforts_to_impeach_Donald_Trump" title="Efforts to impeach Donald Trump">efforts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_impeachment_resolutions_introduced_against_Donald_Trump" title="List of impeachment resolutions introduced against Donald Trump">resolutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impeachment_inquiry_into_Donald_Trump" title="Impeachment inquiry into Donald Trump">impeachment inquiry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_impeachment_of_Donald_Trump" title="First impeachment of Donald Trump">first impeachment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_impeachment_trial_of_Donald_Trump" title="First impeachment trial of Donald Trump">first trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_impeachment_of_Donald_Trump" title="Second impeachment of Donald Trump">second impeachment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_impeachment_trial_of_Donald_Trump" title="Second impeachment trial of Donald Trump">second trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_expungements_of_the_impeachments_of_Donald_Trump" title="Proposed expungements of the impeachments of Donald Trump">proposed expungements</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_photo_op_at_St._John%27s_Church" title="Donald Trump photo op at St. John's Church">Photo op at St. John's Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Rushmore_Fireworks_Celebration" title="Mount Rushmore Fireworks Celebration">2020 Mount Rushmore Fireworks Celebration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Garden_of_American_Heroes" title="National Garden of American Heroes">National Garden of American Heroes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attempts_to_overturn_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election">Attempts to overturn the 2020 presidential election</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stop_the_Steal" class="mw-redirect" title="Stop the Steal">Stop the Steal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack" title="January 6 United States Capitol attack">January 6 United States Capitol attack</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack" title="Timeline of the January 6 United States Capitol attack">timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack" title="Aftermath of the January 6 United States Capitol attack">aftermath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_United_States_inauguration_week_protests" title="2021 United States inauguration week protests">continued protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_reactions_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack" title="Domestic reactions to the January 6 United States Capitol attack">domestic reactions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack" title="International reactions to the January 6 United States Capitol attack">international reactions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_J._Trump_Presidential_Library" title="Donald J. Trump Presidential Library">Presidential Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of federal judges appointed by Donald Trump">Judicial appointments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Gorsuch_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Neil Gorsuch Supreme Court nomination">Gorsuch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brett_Kavanaugh_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Brett Kavanaugh Supreme Court nomination">Kavanaugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amy_Coney_Barrett_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Amy Coney Barrett Supreme Court nomination">Barrett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_Supreme_Court_candidates" title="Donald Trump Supreme Court candidates">Supreme Court candidates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_judicial_appointment_controversies" title="Donald Trump judicial appointment controversies">controversies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Joe_Biden" title="Presidential transition of Joe Biden">Biden transition</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidencies" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidencies">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_100_days_of_the_first_Donald_Trump_presidency" title="First 100 days of the first Donald Trump presidency">First 100 days</a></li> <li>2017 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2017_Q1)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2017 Q1)">Q1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2017_Q2)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2017 Q2)">Q2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2017_Q3)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2017 Q3)">Q3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2017_Q4)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2017 Q4)">Q4</a></li></ul></li> <li>2018 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2018_Q1)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2018 Q1)">Q1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2018_Q2)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2018 Q2)">Q2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2018_Q3)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2018 Q3)">Q3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2018_Q4)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2018 Q4)">Q4</a></li></ul></li> <li>2019 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2019_Q1)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2019 Q1)">Q1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2019_Q2)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2019 Q2)">Q2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2019_Q3)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2019 Q3)">Q3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2019_Q4)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2019 Q4)">Q4</a></li></ul></li> <li>2020 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2020_Q1)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2020 Q1)">Q1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2020_Q2)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2020 Q2)">Q2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2020_Q3)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2020 Q3)">Q3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2020_Q4%E2%80%93January_2021)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2020 Q4–January 2021)">Q4</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2020_Q4%E2%80%93January_2021)#January_2021" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2020 Q4–January 2021)">January 2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump">Trips</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump_(2017)" title="List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump (2017)">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump_(2018)" title="List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump (2018)">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump_(2019)" title="List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump (2019)">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump_(2020%E2%80%9321)" title="List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump (2020–21)">2020–2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of international presidential trips made by Donald Trump">international</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_trips_made_by_Rex_Tillerson_as_United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="List of international trips made by Rex Tillerson as United States Secretary of State">by Rex Tillerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_trips_made_by_Mike_Pompeo_as_United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="List of international trips made by Mike Pompeo as United States Secretary of State">by Mike Pompeo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Riyadh_summit" title="2017 Riyadh summit">Riyadh summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_North_Korea%E2%80%93United_States_Singapore_Summit" title="2018 North Korea–United States Singapore Summit">Singapore summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Russia%E2%80%93United_States_summit" title="2018 Russia–United States summit">Helsinki summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_North_Korea%E2%80%93United_States_Hanoi_Summit" title="2019 North Korea–United States Hanoi Summit">Hanoi summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Koreas%E2%80%93United_States_DMZ_Summit" title="2019 Koreas–United States DMZ Summit">DMZ summit</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Speeches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2017_Donald_Trump_speech_to_a_joint_session_of_Congress" title="2017 Donald Trump speech to a joint session of Congress">Joint session of Congress</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Donald_Trump_speech_in_Warsaw" title="2017 Donald Trump speech in Warsaw">Warsaw speech</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_National_Scout_Jamboree" title="2017 National Scout Jamboree">National Scout Jamboree</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_the_Union" title="State of the Union">State of the Union Address</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2018_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2018 State of the Union Address">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2019 State of the Union Address">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2020 State of the Union Address">2020</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Oval_Office_address" title="2019 Oval Office address">2019 Oval Office address</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Oval_Office_address" title="2020 Oval Office address">2020 Oval Office address</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump%27s_first_farewell_address" title="Donald Trump's first farewell address">Farewell address</a> (2021)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Donald_Trump" title="Political positions of Donald Trump">Policies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_policy_of_the_first_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Economic policy of the first Donald Trump administration">Economy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tax_Cuts_and_Jobs_Act_of_2017" class="mw-redirect" title="Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017">tax cuts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_trade_war" title="China–United States trade war">China trade war</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trump_tariffs" title="Trump tariffs">tariffs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States%E2%80%93Mexico%E2%80%93Canada_Agreement" title="United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement">USMCA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_policy_of_the_first_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Environmental policy of the first Donald Trump administration">Environment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_withdrawal_from_the_Paris_Agreement" title="United States withdrawal from the Paris Agreement">Paris Agreement withdrawal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/America%27s_Water_Infrastructure_Act_of_2018" title="America's Water Infrastructure Act of 2018">America's Water Infrastructure Act of 2018</a></li></ul></li> <li>Foreign policy <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_Donald_Trump_during_the_2016_presidential_election" title="Foreign policy of Donald Trump during the 2016 presidential election">as candidate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_first_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Foreign policy of the first Donald Trump administration">as President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/America_First_(policy)" title="America First (policy)">America First</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_policy_of_Donald_Trump" title="Immigration policy of Donald Trump">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infrastructure_policy_of_Donald_Trump" title="Infrastructure policy of Donald Trump">Infrastructure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_views_of_Donald_Trump" title="Racial views of Donald Trump">Racial views</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_policy_of_Donald_Trump" title="Social policy of Donald Trump">Social issues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_policy_of_the_first_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Cannabis policy of the first Donald Trump administration">cannabis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Space policy of the Donald Trump administration">Space policy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Political_appointments_by_Donald_Trump" title="Political appointments by Donald Trump">Personnel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_cabinet_of_Donald_Trump" title="First cabinet of Donald Trump">Cabinet</a> <ul><li>formation</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_appointed_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of ambassadors appointed by Donald Trump">Ambassadors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_attorneys_appointed_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of United States attorneys appointed by Donald Trump">Attorneys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_economic_advisors_to_Donald_Trump" title="List of economic advisors to Donald Trump">Economic advisors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_nominees_who_have_withdrawn" title="List of Donald Trump nominees who have withdrawn">Withdrawn appointees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_short-tenure_Donald_Trump_political_appointments" title="List of short-tenure Donald Trump political appointments">Short-tenure appointees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Trump_administration_dismissals_and_resignations" title="List of Trump administration dismissals and resignations">Dismissals and resignations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2017_dismissal_of_U.S._attorneys" title="2017 dismissal of U.S. attorneys">attorneys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dismissal_of_James_Comey" title="Dismissal of James Comey">Comey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_dismissal_of_inspectors_general" title="2020 dismissal of inspectors general">inspectors general</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Barack_Obama" title="Presidency of Barack Obama">← Obama administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Joe_Biden" title="Presidency of Joe Biden">Biden administration →</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Joe_Biden" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Joe_Biden" title="Template:Joe Biden"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Joe_Biden" title="Template talk:Joe Biden"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Joe_Biden" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Joe Biden"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Joe_Biden" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">46th</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> (2021–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vice_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of vice presidents of the United States">47th</a> <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President of the United States</a> (2009–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senator</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Delaware" title="List of United States senators from Delaware">from Delaware</a> (1973–2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early career</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_life_and_career_of_Joe_Biden" title="Early life and career of Joe Biden">Early life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/US_Senate_career_of_Joe_Biden" title="US Senate career of Joe Biden">U.S. Senate career</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden#Vice_presidency_(2009–2017)" title="Joe Biden">Vice presidency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Barack_Obama" title="Presidential transition of Barack Obama">Obama transition</a></li> <li>Task forces <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gun_Violence_Task_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Gun Violence Task Force">Gun Violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Task_Force_to_Protect_Students_from_Sexual_Assault" title="White House Task Force to Protect Students from Sexual Assault">Protect Students from Sexual Assault</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_presidential_transition_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidential transition of Donald Trump">First Trump transition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classified_Information_Procedures_Act" title="Classified Information Procedures Act">Classified Information Procedures Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omnibus_Counterterrorism_Act_of_1995" title="Omnibus Counterterrorism Act of 1995">Counterterrorism Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_Against_Women_Act" title="Violence Against Women Act">Violence Against Women Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violent_Crime_Control_and_Law_Enforcement_Act" title="Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act">Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Joe_Biden" title="Presidency of Joe Biden">Presidency</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of political appointments by Joe Biden">Appointments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Joe_Biden" title="Cabinet of Joe Biden">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Department_of_Agriculture_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of Department of Agriculture appointments by Joe Biden">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Department_of_Commerce_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of Department of Commerce appointments by Joe Biden">Commerce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Department_of_Defense_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of Department of Defense appointments by Joe Biden">Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Department_of_Education_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of Department of Education appointments by Joe Biden">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Department_of_Energy_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of Department of Energy appointments by Joe Biden">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Executive_Office_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of Executive Office appointments by Joe Biden">Executive Office appointments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of Department of Health and Human Services appointments by Joe Biden">HHS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Department_of_Homeland_Security_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of Department of Homeland Security appointments by Joe Biden">Homeland Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Department_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of Department of Housing and Urban Development appointments by Joe Biden">HUD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Department_of_the_Interior_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of Department of the Interior appointments by Joe Biden">Interior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Department_of_Justice_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of Department of Justice appointments by Joe Biden">Justice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_attorneys_appointed_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of United States attorneys appointed by Joe Biden">U.S. attorneys</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Department_of_Labor_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of Department of Labor appointments by Joe Biden">Labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Department_of_State_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of Department of State appointments by Joe Biden">State</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_appointed_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of ambassadors appointed by Joe Biden">ambassadors</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Department_of_Transportation_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of Department of Transportation appointments by Joe Biden">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Department_of_the_Treasury_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of Department of the Treasury appointments by Joe Biden">Treasury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Department_of_Veterans_Affairs_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of Department of Veterans Affairs appointments by Joe Biden">Veterans Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of federal judges appointed by Joe Biden">Judicial appointments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ketanji_Brown_Jackson_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Ketanji Brown Jackson Supreme Court nomination">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_Supreme_Court_candidates" title="Joe Biden Supreme Court candidates">Supreme Court candidates</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legislation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2021</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Rescue_Plan_Act_of_2021" title="American Rescue Plan Act of 2021">American Rescue Plan Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitol_Police_Emergency_Assistance_Act_of_2021" title="Capitol Police Emergency Assistance Act of 2021">Capitol Police Emergency Assistance Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Appropriations_Act,_2022" title="Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022">Consolidated Appropriations Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infrastructure_Investment_and_Jobs_Act" title="Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act">Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Defense_Authorization_Act_for_Fiscal_Year_2022" title="National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022">National Defense Authorization Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RENACER_Act" title="RENACER Act">RENACER Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Forced_Labor_Prevention_Act" title="Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act">Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2022</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bipartisan_Safer_Communities_Act" title="Bipartisan Safer Communities Act">Bipartisan Safer Communities Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CHIPS_and_Science_Act" title="CHIPS and Science Act">CHIPS and Science Act</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Appropriations_Act,_2023" title="Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023">Consolidated Appropriations Act</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_Count_Reform_and_Presidential_Transition_Improvement_Act_of_2022" title="Electoral Count Reform and Presidential Transition Improvement Act of 2022">Electoral Count Reform and Presidential Transition Improvement Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merger_Filing_Fee_Modernization_Act_of_2021" title="Merger Filing Fee Modernization Act of 2021">Merger Filing Fee Modernization Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_TikTok_on_Government_Devices_Act" title="No TikTok on Government Devices Act">No TikTok on Government Devices Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnant_Workers_Fairness_Act" title="Pregnant Workers Fairness Act">Pregnant Workers Fairness Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Antitrust_Enforcement_Venue_Act_of_2021" title="State Antitrust Enforcement Venue Act of 2021">State Antitrust Enforcement Venue Act</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmett_Till_Antilynching_Act" title="Emmett Till Antilynching Act">Emmett Till Antilynching Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inflation_Reduction_Act" title="Inflation Reduction Act">Inflation Reduction Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_Marijuana_and_Cannabidiol_Research_Expansion_Act" title="Medical Marijuana and Cannabidiol Research Expansion Act">Medical Marijuana and Cannabidiol Research Expansion Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honoring_our_PACT_Act_of_2022" title="Honoring our PACT Act of 2022">PACT Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Defense_Authorization_Act_for_Fiscal_Year_2023" title="National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023">National Defense Authorization Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postal_Service_Reform_Act_of_2022" title="Postal Service Reform Act of 2022">Postal Service Reform Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Respect_for_Marriage_Act" title="Respect for Marriage Act">Respect for Marriage Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speak_Out_Act" title="Speak Out Act">Speak Out Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_Democracy_Defense_Lend-Lease_Act_of_2022" title="Ukraine Democracy Defense Lend-Lease Act of 2022">Ukraine Democracy Defense Lend-Lease Act</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2023</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_Origin_Act_of_2023" title="COVID-19 Origin Act of 2023">COVID-19 Origin Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiscal_Responsibility_Act_of_2023" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023">Fiscal Responsibility Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Defense_Authorization_Act_for_Fiscal_Year_2024" title="National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024">National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agreement_on_Defense_Cooperation_between_Finland_and_the_United_States_of_America" title="Agreement on Defense Cooperation between Finland and the United States of America">DCA agreement between Finland and the US</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2024</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ADVANCE_Act" title="ADVANCE Act">ADVANCE Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Appropriations_Act,_2024" class="mw-redirect" title="Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024">Consolidated Appropriations Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Law_118-50" title="Public Law 118-50">National Security Act</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Protecting_Americans_from_Foreign_Adversary_Controlled_Applications_Act" title="Protecting Americans from Foreign Adversary Controlled Applications Act">Protecting Americans from Foreign Adversary Controlled Applications Act</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Joe_Biden" title="Political positions of Joe Biden">Policies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_policy_of_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="Cannabis policy of the Joe Biden administration">Cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_policy_of_the_Joe_Biden_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="COVID-19 policy of the Joe Biden administration">COVID-19</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_Advisory_Board" title="COVID-19 Advisory Board">COVID-19 Advisory Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_Response_Team" title="White House COVID-19 Response Team">White House COVID-19 Response Team</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_policy_of_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="Economic policy of the Joe Biden administration">Economic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biden_v._Nebraska" title="Biden v. Nebraska">Biden v. Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Build_Back_Better_Plan" title="Build Back Better Plan">Build Back Better Plan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_and_ethics_policy_of_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="Electoral and ethics policy of the Joe Biden administration">Electoral and ethical</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Commission_on_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Presidential Commission on the Supreme Court of the United States">Presidential Commission on the Supreme Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summit_for_Democracy" title="Summit for Democracy">Summit for Democracy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_policy_of_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="Environmental policy of the Joe Biden administration">Environmental</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_Leaders_Summit_on_Climate" title="2021 Leaders Summit on Climate">2021 Leaders Summit on Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_13990" title="Executive Order 13990">Executive Order 13990</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Joe Biden administration">Foreign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_Russia%E2%80%93United_States_summit" title="2021 Russia–United States summit">2021 Russia–United States summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Chinese_balloon_incident" title="2023 Chinese balloon incident">2023 Chinese balloon incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AUKUS" title="AUKUS">AUKUS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American%E2%80%93Japanese%E2%80%93Korean_trilateral_pact" title="American–Japanese–Korean trilateral pact">Camp David Principles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_U.S._troop_withdrawal_from_Afghanistan" title="2020–2021 U.S. troop withdrawal from Afghanistan">Afghanistan withdrawal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Ayman_al-Zawahiri" title="Killing of Ayman al-Zawahiri">killing of Ayman al-Zawahiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="United States and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">War in Ukraine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_visit_by_Volodymyr_Zelenskyy_to_the_United_States" title="2022 visit by Volodymyr Zelenskyy to the United States">2022 visit by Volodymyr Zelenskyy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_visit_by_Joe_Biden_to_Ukraine" title="2023 visit by Joe Biden to Ukraine">2023 visit to Ukraine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_support_for_Israel_in_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="United States support for Israel in the Israel–Hamas war">War in Israel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_complicity_in_Israeli_war_crimes_in_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="United States complicity in Israeli war crimes in the Israel–Hamas war">accusation of genocide complicity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Ankara_prisoner_exchange" title="2024 Ankara prisoner exchange">Russian prisoner exchange</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_policy_of_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="Immigration policy of the Joe Biden administration">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_policy_of_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="Social policy of the Joe Biden administration">Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_Joe_Biden_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Space policy of the Joe Biden administration">Space</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Joe_Biden" title="Presidential transition of Joe Biden">Transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Joe_Biden" title="Inauguration of Joe Biden">Inauguration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Security_preparations_for_the_inauguration_of_Joe_Biden" title="Security preparations for the inauguration of Joe Biden">security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_United_States_inauguration_week_protests" title="2021 United States inauguration week protests">protests</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_100_days_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency" title="First 100 days of the Joe Biden presidency">First 100 days</a></li> <li>2021 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency_(2021_Q1)" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency (2021 Q1)">Q1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency_(2021_Q2)" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency (2021 Q2)">Q2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency_(2021_Q3)" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency (2021 Q3)">Q3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency_(2021_Q4)" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency (2021 Q4)">Q4</a></li></ul></li> <li>2022 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency_(2022_Q1)" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency (2022 Q1)">Q1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency_(2022_Q2)" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency (2022 Q2)">Q2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency_(2022_Q3)" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency (2022 Q3)">Q3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency_(2022_Q4)" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency (2022 Q4)">Q4</a></li></ul></li> <li>2023 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency_(2023_Q1)" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency (2023 Q1)">Q1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency_(2023_Q2)" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency (2023 Q2)">Q2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency_(2023_Q3)" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency (2023 Q3)">Q3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency_(2023_Q4)" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency (2023 Q4)">Q4</a></li></ul></li> <li>2024 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency_(2024_Q1)" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency (2024 Q1)">Q1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency_(2024_Q2)" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency (2024 Q2)">Q2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency_(2024_Q3)" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency (2024 Q3)">Q3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency_(2024_Q4%E2%80%93January_2025)" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency (2024 Q4–January 2025)">Q4</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_presidential_transition_of_Donald_Trump" title="Second presidential transition of Donald Trump">Second Trump transition</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_classified_documents_incident" title="Joe Biden classified documents incident">Classified documents incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efforts_to_impeach_Joe_Biden" title="Efforts to impeach Joe Biden">Efforts to impeach</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Oversight_Committee_investigation_into_the_Biden_family" title="United States House Oversight Committee investigation into the Biden family">House Oversight Committee investigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impeachment_inquiry_into_Joe_Biden" title="Impeachment inquiry into Joe Biden">inquiry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_executive_actions_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of executive actions by Joe Biden">Executive actions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_proclamations_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of proclamations by Joe Biden">proclamations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_on_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="Opinion polling on the Joe Biden administration">Opinion polling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_opinion_polling_on_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="2021 opinion polling on the Joe Biden administration">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_opinion_polling_on_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="2022 opinion polling on the Joe Biden administration">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_opinion_polling_on_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="2023 opinion polling on the Joe Biden administration">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_opinion_polling_on_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="2024 opinion polling on the Joe Biden administration">2024</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of presidential trips made by Joe Biden">Presidential trips</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Joe_Biden_(2021)" title="List of presidential trips made by Joe Biden (2021)">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Joe_Biden_(2022)" title="List of presidential trips made by Joe Biden (2022)">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Joe_Biden_(2023)" title="List of presidential trips made by Joe Biden (2023)">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Joe_Biden_(2024%E2%80%9325)" title="List of presidential trips made by Joe Biden (2024–25)">2024–2025</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of international presidential trips made by Joe Biden">international</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Joe_Biden" title="Electoral history of Joe Biden">Elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">U.S. Senate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1972_United_States_Senate_election_in_Delaware" title="1972 United States Senate election in Delaware">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_United_States_Senate_election_in_Delaware" title="1978 United States Senate election in Delaware">1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_United_States_Senate_election_in_Delaware" title="1984 United States Senate election in Delaware">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_United_States_Senate_election_in_Delaware" title="1990 United States Senate election in Delaware">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_United_States_Senate_election_in_Delaware" title="1996 United States Senate election in Delaware">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_United_States_Senate_election_in_Delaware" title="2002 United States Senate election in Delaware">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_Senate_election_in_Delaware" title="2008 United States Senate election in Delaware">2008</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vice presidential</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Barack Obama 2008 presidential campaign">2008 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="2008 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection">selection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2008 Democratic National Convention">convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_debates#October_2:_Vice_presidential_debate_(Washington_University_in_St._Louis)" title="2008 United States presidential debates">debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="2008 United States presidential election">election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Barack_Obama#Biden_Senate_transition" title="Presidential transition of Barack Obama">transition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Barack Obama 2012 presidential campaign">2012 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2012 Democratic National Convention">convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_debates#October_11:_Vice_presidential_debate_(Centre_College)" title="2012 United States presidential debates">debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="2012 United States presidential election">election</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presidential</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_1988_presidential_campaign" title="Joe Biden 1988 presidential campaign">1988 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1988_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1988 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Joe Biden 2008 presidential campaign">2008 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums" title="2008 Democratic Party presidential debates and forums">debates</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign">2020 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basement_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Basement campaign">basement campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign_celebrity_endorsements" title="List of Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign celebrity endorsements">celebrity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements_from_organizations" title="List of Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign endorsements from organizations">organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign_congressional_endorsements" title="List of Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign congressional endorsements">Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign_state_and_territorial_legislative_endorsements" title="List of Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign state and territorial legislative endorsements">state and territorial officials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign_municipal_endorsements" title="List of Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign municipal endorsements">municipal officials</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign_primary_endorsements" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign primary endorsements">endorsements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_debates" title="2020 Democratic Party presidential debates">debates</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biden-Sanders_Unity_Task_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Biden-Sanders Unity Task Forces">Unity Task Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="2020 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection">running mate selection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2020 Democratic National Convention">convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2020 United States presidential debates">debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%9321_United_States_election_protests" title="2020–21 United States election protests">protests</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Joe Biden 2024 presidential campaign">2024 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_Joe_Biden_from_the_2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="Withdrawal of Joe Biden from the 2024 United States presidential election">withdrawal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Democrats_who_opposed_the_Joe_Biden_2024_presidential_campaign" title="List of Democrats who opposed the Joe Biden 2024 presidential campaign">Democratic opposition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Joe_Biden_2024_presidential_campaign_primary_endorsements" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Joe Biden 2024 presidential campaign primary endorsements">endorsements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war_protest_vote_movements" title="Israel–Hamas war protest vote movements">protest vote movements</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2024 United States presidential debates">debate</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Family_of_Joe_Biden" title="Family of Joe Biden">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Francis_Blewitt" title="Edward Francis Blewitt">Edward Francis Blewitt</a> (great-grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neilia_Hunter_Biden" title="Neilia Hunter Biden">Neilia Hunter Biden</a> (first wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jill_Biden" title="Jill Biden">Jill Biden</a> (second wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Biden" title="James Biden">James Biden</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valerie_Biden_Owens" title="Valerie Biden Owens">Valerie Biden Owens</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beau_Biden" title="Beau Biden">Beau Biden</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunter_Biden" title="Hunter Biden">Hunter Biden</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashley_Biden" title="Ashley Biden">Ashley Biden</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Krein" title="Howard Krein">Howard Krein</a> (son-in-law)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hallie_Olivere_Biden" title="Hallie Olivere Biden">Hallie Olivere Biden</a> (daughter-in-law)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Buhle" title="Kathleen Buhle">Kathleen Buhle</a> (former daughter-in-law)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melissa_Cohen_Biden" title="Melissa Cohen Biden">Melissa Cohen Biden</a> (daughter-in-law)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naomi_Biden" class="mw-redirect" title="Naomi Biden">Naomi Biden</a> (granddaughter)</li> <li>Dogs <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Champ_(dog)" title="Champ (dog)">Champ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_(Joe_Biden%27s_dog)" title="Major (Joe Biden's dog)">Major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commander_(dog)" title="Commander (dog)">Commander</a></li></ul></li> <li>Cat <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Willow_(cat)" title="Willow (cat)">Willow</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Joe_Biden" title="Bibliography of Joe Biden">Writings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Promises_to_Keep_(memoir)" title="Promises to Keep (memoir)">Promises to Keep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promise_Me,_Dad" title="Promise Me, Dad">Promise Me, Dad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomorrow_Will_Be_Different" title="Tomorrow Will Be Different">Tomorrow Will Be Different (foreword)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Speeches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Joe_Biden#Inaugural_address" title="Inauguration of Joe Biden">Inaugural address</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Joe_Biden_speech_to_a_joint_session_of_Congress" title="2021 Joe Biden speech to a joint session of Congress">Joint session of Congress</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_the_Union" title="State of the Union">State of the Union Address</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2022 State of the Union Address">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2023 State of the Union Address">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2024 State of the Union Address">2024</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Joe_Biden_speech_in_Warsaw" title="2022 Joe Biden speech in Warsaw">Warsaw speech</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_for_the_Soul_of_the_Nation_speech" title="Battle for the Soul of the Nation speech">Battle for the Soul of the Nation speech</a> (2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media depictions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confirmation_(film)" title="Confirmation (film)">Confirmation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Choice_2020" title="The Choice 2020">The Choice 2020</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Intro_to_Political_Science" title="Intro to Political Science">Intro to Political Science</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/My_Son_Hunter" title="My Son Hunter">My Son Hunter</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/One_Last_Ride" title="One Last Ride">One Last Ride</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_(The_Onion)" title="Joe Biden (The Onion)">The Onion's "Diamond Joe"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Cartoon_President" title="Our Cartoon President">Our Cartoon President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live_parodies_of_Joe_Biden" title="Saturday Night Live parodies of Joe Biden">Saturday Night Live parodies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spitting_Image_(2020_TV_series)" title="Spitting Image (2020 TV series)">Spitting Image</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Joe_Biden" title="Age and health concerns about Joe Biden">Age and health concerns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_honors_received_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of awards and honors received by Joe Biden">Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beau_Biden_Cancer_Moonshot" class="mw-redirect" title="Beau Biden Cancer Moonshot">Beau Biden Cancer Moonshot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biden_Foundation" title="Biden Foundation">Biden Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biden%E2%80%93Ukraine_conspiracy_theory" title="Biden–Ukraine conspiracy theory">Biden–Ukraine conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buy_a_shotgun" title="Buy a shotgun">Buy a shotgun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_things_named_after_Joe_Biden" title="List of things named after Joe Biden">Eponyms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunter_Biden_laptop_controversy" title="Hunter Biden laptop controversy">Hunter Biden laptop controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I_Did_That!" title="I Did That!">I Did That!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joever" class="mw-redirect" title="Joever">Joever</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Let%27s_Go_Brandon" title="Let's Go Brandon">Let's Go Brandon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_image_of_Joe_Biden" title="Public image of Joe Biden">Public image</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_sexual_assault_allegation" title="Joe Biden sexual assault allegation">Sexual assault allegation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Situation_Room_(photograph)" title="Situation Room (photograph)">Situation Room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleepy_Joe_(nickname)" title="Sleepy Joe (nickname)">Sleepy Joe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump%E2%80%93Ukraine_scandal" title="Trump–Ukraine scandal">Trump–Ukraine scandal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">← Donald Trump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump →</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Cheney" title="Dick Cheney">← Dick Cheney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Mike Pence →</a></li></ul> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Joe_Biden" title="Category:Joe Biden">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style 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