How air moves in a building

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href="/en-sg/about-us/about-camfil/business-areas"> Business areas </a> </li> <li> <a class="MainNavigation-megaLvl2Link" href="/en-sg/about-us/about-camfil/historical-review"> The Camfil history </a> </li> <li> <a class="MainNavigation-megaLvl2Link" href="/en-sg/about-us/about-camfil/vision-mission-how-we-do-it"> Vision, mission & how we do it </a> </li> <li> <a class="MainNavigation-megaLvl2Link" href="/en-sg/about-us/about-camfil/camfil-around-the-world"> Camfil around the world </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="MainNavigation-megaLvl1Item"> <a class="MainNavigation-megaLvl1Link" href="/en-sg/about-us/people"> People </a> <button class="d-xl-none MainNavigation-toggleButton u-toggleAll"></button> <ul class="MainNavigation-megaLvl2 u-toggleAllTarget"> <li> <a class="MainNavigation-megaLvl2Link" href="/en-sg/about-us/people/meet-our-people"> Meet our people </a> </li> <li> <a class="MainNavigation-megaLvl2Link" href="/en-sg/about-us/people/discover-our-workplace"> Discover our workplace </a> </li> <li> <a class="MainNavigation-megaLvl2Link" href="/en-sg/about-us/people/join-our-team"> Join our team </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="MainNavigation-megaLvl1Item"> <a class="MainNavigation-megaLvl1Link" href="/en-sg/about-us/sustainability"> Sustainability </a> <button class="d-xl-none MainNavigation-toggleButton u-toggleAll"></button> <ul class="MainNavigation-megaLvl2 u-toggleAllTarget"> <li> <a class="MainNavigation-megaLvl2Link" href="/en-sg/about-us/sustainability/sustainability-report-2023"> Sustainability Report 2023 </a> </li> <li> <a class="MainNavigation-megaLvl2Link" href="/en-sg/about-us/sustainability/clean-air-pioneers"> Clean air pioneers </a> </li> <li> <a class="MainNavigation-megaLvl2Link" href="/en-sg/about-us/sustainability/our-chief-airgonomics-officer-initiative"> Our Chief Airgonomics Officer initiative </a> </li> <li> <a class="MainNavigation-megaLvl2Link" href="/en-sg/about-us/sustainability/united-nations-goals"> United Nations goals </a> </li> <li> <a class="MainNavigation-megaLvl2Link" href="/en-sg/about-us/sustainability/responsible-business-and-employee-commitment"> Responsible commitment </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="MainNavigation-megaLvl1Item"> <a class="MainNavigation-megaLvl1Link" href="/en-sg/about-us/press-and-events"> Press room </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li><li class="nav-item dropdown MainNavigation-navItem MainNavigation-navItem--megaMenu"> <a class="nav-link MainNavigation-navLink MainNavigation-navLink--megaMenu u-toggleDesktopExecuteMobile" href="/en-sg/support-and-services"> Support & services </a> <button class="d-xl-none MainNavigation-toggleButton u-toggleAll"></button> <div class="dropdown-menu MainNavigation-dropdownMenu u-toggleDesktopExecuteMobileTarget u-toggleAllTarget"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg"> <ul class="MainNavigation-megaLvl1"> <li class="MainNavigation-megaLvl1Item"> <a class="MainNavigation-megaLvl1Link" href="/en-sg/support-and-services/support"> Support </a> <button class="d-xl-none MainNavigation-toggleButton u-toggleAll"></button> <ul class="MainNavigation-megaLvl2 u-toggleAllTarget"> <li> <a class="MainNavigation-megaLvl2Link" href="/en-sg/support-and-services/support/product-finder"> Product finder </a> </li> <li> <a class="MainNavigation-megaLvl2Link" href="/en-sg/support-and-services/support/contact-locator"> Contact locator </a> </li> <li> <a class="MainNavigation-megaLvl2Link" href="/en-sg/support-and-services/support/document-finder"> Document finder </a> </li> <li> <a class="MainNavigation-megaLvl2Link" href="/en-sg/support-and-services/support/iso-converter"> ISO converter </a> </li> <li> <a class="MainNavigation-megaLvl2Link" href="/en-sg/support-and-services/support/camfil-city"> Camfil City </a> </li> <li> <a class="MainNavigation-megaLvl2Link" href="/en-sg/support-and-services/support/links"> Links </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="MainNavigation-megaLvl1Item"> <a class="MainNavigation-megaLvl1Link" href="/en-sg/support-and-services/terms-and-conditions"> Terms and conditions </a> <button class="d-xl-none MainNavigation-toggleButton u-toggleAll"></button> <ul class="MainNavigation-megaLvl2 u-toggleAllTarget"> <li> <a class="MainNavigation-megaLvl2Link" href="/en-sg/support-and-services/terms-and-conditions/digital-services"> Digital services </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="MainNavigation-megaLvl1Item"> <a class="MainNavigation-megaLvl1Link" href="/en-sg/support-and-services/services"> Services </a> <button class="d-xl-none MainNavigation-toggleButton u-toggleAll"></button> <ul class="MainNavigation-megaLvl2 u-toggleAllTarget"> <li> <a class="MainNavigation-megaLvl2Link" href="/en-sg/support-and-services/services/air-pollution-control"> Air Pollution Control </a> </li> <li> <a class="MainNavigation-megaLvl2Link" href="/en-sg/support-and-services/services/filtration-solutions"> Filtration solutions </a> </li> <li> <a class="MainNavigation-megaLvl2Link" href="/en-sg/support-and-services/services/molecular-contamination-control"> Molecular Contamination Control </a> </li> <li> <a class="MainNavigation-megaLvl2Link" href="/en-sg/support-and-services/services/mycamfil-connect"> MyCamfil Connect </a> </li> <li> <a class="MainNavigation-megaLvl2Link" href="/en-sg/support-and-services/services/particulate-air-tests"> Particulate air tests </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="MainNavigation-megaLvl1Item"> <a class="MainNavigation-megaLvl1Link" href="/en-sg/support-and-services/design-and-engineering"> Design & engineering </a> <button class="d-xl-none MainNavigation-toggleButton u-toggleAll"></button> <ul class="MainNavigation-megaLvl2 u-toggleAllTarget"> <li> <a class="MainNavigation-megaLvl2Link" href="/en-sg/support-and-services/design-and-engineering/bim"> BIM </a> </li> <li> <a class="MainNavigation-megaLvl2Link" href="/en-sg/support-and-services/design-and-engineering/iaq-tool"> IAQ tool </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="MainNavigation-megaLvl1Item"> <a class="MainNavigation-megaLvl1Link" href="/en-sg/support-and-services/oem-filters-and-solutions"> OEM filters and solutions </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/en-sg/insights" class="nav-link MainNavigation-navLink"> Insights </a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown MainNavigation-navItem MainNavigation-navItem--megaMenu flex-xl-grow-1 text-xl-right d-none d-xl-block"> <a class="nav-link MainNavigation-navLink MainNavigation-navLink--megaMenuLanguage u-toggleAll d-none d-xl-inline-block" href="#" id="search-icon-link"> <img src="/-/media/project/camfilcom/search-folder/searchicon.svg?h=1000&iar=0&w=1000&rev=-1&hash=45DA6C9D6F573598C2F8C20B458FB3F5" alt="" width="1000" height="1000" /> </a> <div class="dropdown-menu MainNavigation-dropdownMenu u-toggleDesktopExecuteMobileTarget u-toggleAllTarget MainNavigation-search"> <div class="row"> <div class="col MainNavigation-search"> <form class="col 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class="ServiceMenu"> <div class="container-fluid u-limitPageWidth"> <ul class="ServiceMenu-list"> <li class="ServiceMenu-listItem"> <a class="ServiceMenu-listLink " href="/en-sg/support-and-services/support/contact-locator" >Contact locator</a> </li> <li class="ServiceMenu-listItem"> <a class="ServiceMenu-listLink " href="/en-sg/support-and-services/support/document-finder" >Document finder</a> </li> <li class="ServiceMenu-listItem"> <a class="ServiceMenu-listLink " href="/en-sg/support-and-services/support/product-finder" >Product finder</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown MainNavigation-navItem MainNavigation-navItem--megaMenu"> <a class="nav-link MainNavigation-navLink MainNavigation-navLink--megaMenuLanguage u-toggleAll" href="#"> <img src="/-/media/project/camfilcom/country-flags/international.svg?iar=0&rev=-1&hash=A27ABD4F721B88714036B24BB3990077" alt="" /> Singapore </a> <button class="d-xl-none MainNavigation-toggleButton u-toggleAll"></button> <div class="dropdown-menu MainNavigation-dropdownMenu u-toggleAllTarget language-selector-mega-menu"> <div class="MainNavigation-megaLvl1 MainNavigation-megaLvl1Markets"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <h3 class="language-selector-title">Select market and language</h3> </div> <div class="col-xl-12"> <div class="MainNavigation-megaLvl1Item language-selector-region"> <a class="MainNavigation-megaLvl1Link u-toggleAll language-selector-region-label" href="#">International</a> <button class="d-xl-none MainNavigation-toggleButton u-toggleAll"></button> <div class="row language-selector-language-wrapper u-toggleAllTarget "> <div class="col-xl-3 col-lg-3 col-md-4"> <div class="language-selector-language"> <a class="MainNavigation-languageLink language-selector-language-link" href="/" data-language="en" data-siteurl=""> <span class="language-selector-language-header">International</span> <span class="language-selector-language-written-language">English</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-xl-3"> <div class="MainNavigation-megaLvl1Item language-selector-region"> <a class="MainNavigation-megaLvl1Link u-toggleAll language-selector-region-label" href="#">Africa</a> <button class="d-xl-none MainNavigation-toggleButton u-toggleAll"></button> <div class="row language-selector-language-wrapper u-toggleAllTarget "> <div class="col-xl-12 col-lg-3 col-md-4"> <div class="language-selector-language"> <a class="MainNavigation-languageLink language-selector-language-link" href="/" data-language="en-ZA" data-siteurl=""> <span class="language-selector-language-header">Africa</span> <span class="language-selector-language-written-language">English</span> </a> </div> <div class="language-selector-language"> <a class="MainNavigation-languageLink language-selector-language-link" href="/" data-language="af-ZA" data-siteurl=""> <span class="language-selector-language-header">Afrique</span> <span class="language-selector-language-written-language">Français</span> </a> </div> </div> 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</div> <div class="language-selector-language"> <a class="MainNavigation-languageLink language-selector-language-link" href="/" data-language="id-ID" data-siteurl=""> <span class="language-selector-language-header">Indonesia</span> <span class="language-selector-language-written-language">Bahasa Indonesia</span> </a> </div> <div class="language-selector-language"> <a class="MainNavigation-languageLink language-selector-language-link" href="/" data-language="ja-JP" data-siteurl=""> <span class="language-selector-language-header">日本</span> <span class="language-selector-language-written-language">日本語 </span> </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-xl-4 col-lg-3 col-md-4"> <div class="language-selector-language"> <a class="MainNavigation-languageLink language-selector-language-link" href="/" data-language="kk-KZ" data-siteurl=""> <span class="language-selector-language-header">Казахстан</span> <span class="language-selector-language-written-language">Русский</span> </a> </div> <div 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class="language-selector-language"> <a class="MainNavigation-languageLink language-selector-language-link" href="/" data-language="zh-TW" data-siteurl=""> <span class="language-selector-language-header">台湾</span> <span class="language-selector-language-written-language">繁体中文</span> </a> </div> <div class="language-selector-language"> <a class="MainNavigation-languageLink language-selector-language-link" href="/" data-language="th-TH" data-siteurl=""> <span class="language-selector-language-header">ประเทศไทย</span> <span class="language-selector-language-written-language">ภาษาไทย</span> </a> </div> <div class="language-selector-language"> <a class="MainNavigation-languageLink language-selector-language-link" href="/" data-language="ar-AE" data-siteurl=""> <span class="language-selector-language-header">United Arab Emirates</span> <span class="language-selector-language-written-language">English</span> </a> </div> <div class="language-selector-language"> <a class="MainNavigation-languageLink language-selector-language-link" href="/" data-language="vi-VN" data-siteurl=""> <span class="language-selector-language-header">Việt Nam</span> <span class="language-selector-language-written-language">Tiếng Việt</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-xl-12"> <div class="MainNavigation-megaLvl1Item language-selector-region"> <a class="MainNavigation-megaLvl1Link u-toggleAll language-selector-region-label" href="#">Europe</a> <button class="d-xl-none MainNavigation-toggleButton u-toggleAll"></button> <div class="row language-selector-language-wrapper u-toggleAllTarget "> <div class="col-xl-3 col-lg-3 col-md-4"> <div class="language-selector-language"> <a class="MainNavigation-languageLink language-selector-language-link" href="/" data-language="nl-BE" data-siteurl=""> <span class="language-selector-language-header">België</span> <span class="language-selector-language-written-language">Nederlands</span> </a> </div> <div class="language-selector-language"> <a class="MainNavigation-languageLink language-selector-language-link" href="/" data-language="fr-BE" data-siteurl=""> <span class="language-selector-language-header">België</span> <span class="language-selector-language-written-language">Frans</span> </a> </div> <div class="language-selector-language"> <a class="MainNavigation-languageLink language-selector-language-link" href="/" data-language="bg-BG" data-siteurl=""> <span class="language-selector-language-header">България</span> </a> </div> <div class="language-selector-language"> <a class="MainNavigation-languageLink language-selector-language-link" href="/" data-language="cs-CZ" data-siteurl=""> <span class="language-selector-language-header">Česká Republika</span> <span class="language-selector-language-written-language">Čeština</span> </a> </div> <div class="language-selector-language"> <a class="MainNavigation-languageLink language-selector-language-link" href="/" data-language="da-DK" data-siteurl=""> <span class="language-selector-language-header">Danmark</span> <span class="language-selector-language-written-language">Dansk</span> </a> </div> <div class="language-selector-language"> <a class="MainNavigation-languageLink language-selector-language-link" href="/" data-language="de-DE" data-siteurl=""> <span class="language-selector-language-header">Deutschland</span> <span class="language-selector-language-written-language">Deutsch</span> </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-xl-3 col-lg-3 col-md-4"> <div class="language-selector-language"> <a class="MainNavigation-languageLink language-selector-language-link" href="/" data-language="es-ES" data-siteurl=""> <span class="language-selector-language-header">España</span> <span class="language-selector-language-written-language">Español</span> </a> </div> <div class="language-selector-language"> <a class="MainNavigation-languageLink language-selector-language-link" href="/" data-language="fr-FR" data-siteurl=""> <span class="language-selector-language-header">France</span> <span class="language-selector-language-written-language">Français</span> </a> </div> <div class="language-selector-language"> <a class="MainNavigation-languageLink language-selector-language-link" href="/" data-language="en-IE" data-siteurl=""> <span class="language-selector-language-header">Ireland</span> <span class="language-selector-language-written-language">English</span> </a> </div> <div class="language-selector-language"> <a class="MainNavigation-languageLink language-selector-language-link" href="/" data-language="it-IT" data-siteurl=""> <span class="language-selector-language-header">Italia</span> <span class="language-selector-language-written-language">Italiano</span> </a> </div> <div class="language-selector-language"> <a class="MainNavigation-languageLink language-selector-language-link" href="/" data-language="hu-HU" data-siteurl=""> <span class="language-selector-language-header"> Magyarország</span> <span 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</div> <div class="language-selector-language"> <a class="MainNavigation-languageLink language-selector-language-link" href="/" data-language="sk-SK" data-siteurl=""> <span class="language-selector-language-header">Slovensko</span> <span class="language-selector-language-written-language">Slovenčina</span> </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-xl-3 col-lg-3 col-md-4"> <div class="language-selector-language"> <a class="MainNavigation-languageLink language-selector-language-link" href="/" data-language="fr-CH" data-siteurl=""> <span class="language-selector-language-header">Suisse</span> <span class="language-selector-language-written-language">Français</span> </a> </div> <div class="language-selector-language"> <a class="MainNavigation-languageLink language-selector-language-link" href="/" data-language="fi-FI" data-siteurl=""> <span class="language-selector-language-header">Suomi</span> <span class="language-selector-language-written-language">Suomi</span> </a> </div> <div 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rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Just like people, every building needs to breathe. If you are to have a healthy and productive <br />indoor environment, a constant flow of new air has to come in and replace the old air, which <br />needs to be released outdoors. </span></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: medium; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> </span></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: medium; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">How much a building needs to breathe depends on a number of things. What type of building <br />it is. Where it is located. What kind of activities it is used for. How many people use each room <br />at any given time. And so on.</span></p> </div> </div>   <div class="RichText col-12 mb-4"> <div> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: medium; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">How air enters a building<br /></span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: medium; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">The controlled way to bring air inside is through the ventilation systems’ supply air vents. <br />However, air also enters via so-called passive ventilation or infiltration. This occurs when <br />we open doors and windows, and through minor leaks around doors and windows when <br />they are closed and via gaps around pipes, vents and chimneys. The air exchange is <br />additionally affected by the outside temperature and how much the wind blows. </span></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: medium; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> </span></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: medium; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">The effects of the Stack Effect<br /></span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: medium; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">The Stack Effect is how air moves (stacks) inside. It occurs due to warm air being lighter <br />than cold air. When the outside temperature is cold, the warm indoor air rises and creates <br />a difference in pressure that makes colder air come in (infiltrate) via doors, windows and <br />other leakage points at the bottom of the building. When the temperature outside is warm, <br />the Stack Effect is reversed and the warmer air enters via the upper levels creating a <br />downward draft. </span></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: medium; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> </span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: medium; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Rates vary between countries<br /></span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: medium; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Recommended ventilation rates often vary quite significantly between countries. A study <br />of a number of European countries showed that one group of countries had ventilation rates <br />of around 10 l/s and another group of countries had 4 l/s. </span></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: medium; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> </span></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: medium; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Another study (in the United States) of how indoor air quality impacts people indicated that <br />when the ventilation rate was increased from 20 to 40 cfm (10-20 l/s) of outdoor air per person, <br />it led to an 8 percent increase in employee decision making. Or about </span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">$6,500 in increased <br />productivity per person per year</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">.</span></i></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: medium; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> </span></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: medium; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Ventilation ensures the air is safe<br /></span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: medium; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Ensuring a satisfactory ventilation rate, is not just about people’s general well-being and <br />productivity. Without proper ventilation, the indoor air can become dangerous. It can lead <br />to a buildup of deadly levels of carbon monoxide and harmful concentrations of radon. <br />Radon is a naturally occurring, radioactive, odourless and invisible gas that is harmless <br />outdoors but has the potential to accumulate to hazardous levels indoors. Exposure to <br />radon can cause cancer.</span></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: medium; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> </span></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: medium; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">New buildings are more energy efficent<br /></span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: medium; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Newer buildings are usually tighter and therefore need a ventilation system with greater <br />capacity for air exchange compared to older houses. The upside is that newer buildings <br />are more energy efficient. Older constructions have more leakage through passive ventilation <br />(infiltration), which leads to higher energy costs.   </span></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: medium; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> </span></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: medium; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">When a building functions, for example, as an office, a school, a library or a hospital, it is <br />wise to invest in air purifiers to help the ventilation system take care of air pollution from <br />indoor sources. </span></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: medium; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> </span></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: medium; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">In industrial indoor environments, the ventilation system is often supplemented by hoods <br />and extractors that capture air pollution at the source. It can be welding dust, oil mist, wood <br />dust, etc. Industrial operations also benefit from purifying the indoor air using products such as <br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><a href="https://www.camfil.com/en/products/air-cleaners-,-a-,-air-purifiers/industrial-air-cleaners" style="color: rgb(149, 79, 114); text-decoration: underline;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;">Camfil’s industrial air cleaners</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> and </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><a href="https://camfilapc.com/" style="color: rgb(149, 79, 114); text-decoration: underline;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;">Camfil’s dust, fume and mist collectors</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">.</span></p> </div> </div>   <div class="col-12 FactBox mb-3"> <div class="alert alert-primary text-light FactBox-alert"> <div class="u-heading u-textSize18 mb-2"> Ventilation is based on three elements: </div> <div class="u-textSize14 FactBox-body"> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: medium; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="color: white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">- Ventilation Rate - the amount and quality of the outdoor air that is allowed inside</span><br /></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: medium; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: white;">- Airflow Direction - the direction of the overall airflow from zones with clean air to zones <br />with dirty air </span></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: medium; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: white;">- Air Distribution/Airflow Patterns - the efficiency with which the outdoor air is distributed <br />to each indoor area from where indoor airborne pollutants should be efficiently removed<br /><br /></span></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: medium; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: white;">Ventilation rate is the rate at which the air is exchanged, it can be specified as:</span></i></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: medium; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: white;">- Liters/Second/Person (l/s)and per Square Meter of floor area </span></i></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: medium; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: white;"><i style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: white;">- Cubic Feet/minute (cfm) per person and per square feet of floor area</span></i></span></p> </div> </div> </div>   <div class="RichText col-12 mb-5 mb-lg-7"> <div> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: medium; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Reducing health issues and costs</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: medium; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">  </span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: medium; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">A well functioning ventilation system with high grade air filters can:<br /></span></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: medium; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">- reduce the number of children who develop asthma or allergies by half. WHO estimates <br />that </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 30, 30);">20% of the world’s population suffers from allergic diseases, many of whom are children.<br /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"></span></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: medium; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">- lower your heating costs by 30 to 40 percent. </span></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: medium; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> </span></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: medium; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">WHO roadmap to healthy ventilation</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: medium; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> </span></b></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: medium; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">The global COVID-19 pandemic has put the spotlight on the importance of indoor air quality <br />(IAQ), especially when it comes to reducing the spread of viruses indoors. To provide support <br />with IAQ, WHO has published a roadmap outlining the necessary steps to ensure healthy <br />ventilation levels in healthcare and non residential settings.</span></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: medium; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> </span></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: medium; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><a href="https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240021280" style="color: rgb(149, 79, 114); text-decoration: underline;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;">Click here to access the roadmap.</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"></span></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: medium; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> </span></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: medium; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> </span></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: medium; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Sources:</span></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: medium; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><a href="https://www.rehva.eu/fileadmin/Old_website_content/technology-and-research-committee/aivc-paper---ventilation-rates-and-iaq-in-eu.pdf" style="color: rgb(149, 79, 114); text-decoration: underline;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; color: black;">REHVA</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"></span></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: medium; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><a href="https://thecogfxstudy.com/study-1/view-the-reports/" style="color: rgb(149, 79, 114); text-decoration: underline;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; color: black;">The Cog FX Study</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"></span></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: medium; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><a href="https://www.svenskventilation.se/ventilation/" style="color: rgb(149, 79, 114); text-decoration: underline;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; color: black;">Svensk Ventilation</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"></span></p> </div> </div>  </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <footer class="Footer"> <a class="Footer-backToTop" href="#top" data-smooth-scroll> <div class="Footer-backToTopIcon"></div> Back to top </a> <div class="Footer-upper"> <div class="container-fluid u-limitPageWidth"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-6"> <div class="row"> <div class="col col-md-3 Footer-contentWrapper"> <strong class="u-heading">About Camfil</strong><ul><li><a href="/en-sg/about-us/people/join-our-team">Job Opportunities</a></li><li><a href="/en-sg/about-us/people">People</a></li><li><a href="/en-sg/about-us/press-and-events">Press and Events</a></li><li><a href="/en-sg/about-us/sustainability">Sustainability</a></li><li><a href="/en-sg/about-us/sustainability/responsible-business-and-employee-commitment/code-of-conduct-for-business-partners">Whistleblowing</a></li></ul> </div> <div 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