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id="toc-Location" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Location"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Location</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Location-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Natural_regions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Natural_regions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Natural regions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Natural_regions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Landscapes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Landscapes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Landscapes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Landscapes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Geology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hydrography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hydrography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Hydrography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hydrography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Principal_towns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Principal_towns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Principal towns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Principal_towns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Prehistory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prehistory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Prehistory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prehistory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roman_Era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roman_Era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Roman Era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roman_Era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Barbarian_invasions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Barbarian_invasions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Barbarian invasions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Barbarian_invasions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Middle_Ages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middle_Ages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Middle Ages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middle_Ages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Catharism_in_Aude" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catharism_in_Aude"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Catharism in Aude</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catharism_in_Aude-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Protestant_crisis_and_economic_expansion_of_the_department" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Protestant_crisis_and_economic_expansion_of_the_department"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>The Protestant crisis and economic expansion of the department</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Protestant_crisis_and_economic_expansion_of_the_department-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_creation_of_the_department" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_creation_of_the_department"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>The creation of the department</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_creation_of_the_department-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>The 20th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Heraldry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Heraldry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.9</span> <span>Heraldry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Heraldry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Overview" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overview"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Overview</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Overview-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Agriculture_and_fisheries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agriculture_and_fisheries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Agriculture and fisheries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agriculture_and_fisheries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Viticulture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Viticulture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Viticulture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Viticulture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Industry_and_energy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industry_and_energy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Industry and energy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industry_and_energy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crafts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crafts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Crafts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crafts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Demography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Politics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-National_Assembly_Representatives_(before_2022)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_Assembly_Representatives_(before_2022)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>National Assembly Representatives (before 2022)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_Assembly_Representatives_(before_2022)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Festivals_and_traditions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Festivals_and_traditions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Festivals and traditions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Festivals_and_traditions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gastronomy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gastronomy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Gastronomy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gastronomy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Occitan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Occitan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4</span> <span>Occitan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Occitan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Tourism subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Overview_of_tourist_areas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overview_of_tourist_areas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Overview of tourist areas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Overview_of_tourist_areas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architectural_heritage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architectural_heritage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Architectural heritage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architectural_heritage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Caving" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Caving"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3</span> <span>Caving</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Caving-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Secondary_housing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Secondary_housing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.4</span> <span>Secondary housing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Secondary_housing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Arts</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Arts-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Arts subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cinema" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cinema"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Cinema</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cinema-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Painters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Painters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Painters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Painters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Aude</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 91 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-91" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">91 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aude_(d%C3%A9partement)" title="Aude (département) – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Aude (département)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9partement_Aude" title="Département Aude – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Département Aude" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%AF_(%D8%A5%D9%82%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85_%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A)" title="أود (إقليم فرنسي) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أود (إقليم فرنسي)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aude" title="Aude – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Aude" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%94de_(d%C3%A8partement)" title="Ôde (dèpartement) – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Ôde (dèpartement)" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aude" title="Aude – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Aude" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Od_(departament)" title="Od (departament) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Od (departament)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%A6" title="ওদ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ওদ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aude" title="Aude – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Aude" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B4_(%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82)" title="Од (дэпартамент) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Од (дэпартамент)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B4_(%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82)" title="Од (дэпартамэнт) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Од (дэпартамэнт)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B4_(%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82)" title="Од (департамент) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Од (департамент)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aude_(departamant)" title="Aude (departamant) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Aude (departamant)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aude" title="Aude – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Aude" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B4_(%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82)" title="Од (департамент) – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Од (департамент)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aude" title="Aude – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Aude" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aude_(departement)" title="Aude (departement) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Aude (departement)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aude" title="Aude – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Aude" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aude" title="Aude – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Aude" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aude" title="Aude – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Aude" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9partement_Aude" title="Département Aude – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Département Aude" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aude%27i_departemang" title="Aude'i departemang – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Aude'i departemang" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A9%CE%BD%CF%84_(%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82)" title="Ωντ (νομός) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ωντ (νομός)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aude" title="Aude – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Aude" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aude" title="Aude – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Aude" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aude" title="Aude – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Aude" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AF_(%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%87)" title="اود (فرانسه) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اود (فرانسه)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aude_(d%C3%A9partement)" title="Aude (département) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Aude (département)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aude" title="Aude – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Aude" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aude" title="Aude – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Aude" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aude-s%C3%A9n" title="Aude-sén – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Aude-sén" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%A4%EB%93%9C%EC%A3%BC" title="오드주 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="오드주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%95%D5%A4_(%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%BC)" title="Օդ (գավառ) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Օդ (գավառ)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aude" title="Aude – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Aude" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Departimento_Aude" title="Departimento Aude – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Departimento Aude" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B4_(%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82)" title="Од (департамент) – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Од (департамент)" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aude" title="Aude – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Aude" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%93" title="אוד – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אוד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aude" title="Aude – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Aude" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="ოდის დეპარტამენტი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ოდის დეპარტამენტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B4_(%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82)" title="Од (департамент) – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Од (департамент)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aude" title="Aude – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Aude" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aude_(kizunga)" title="Aude (kizunga) – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Aude (kizunga)" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aude" title="Aude – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Aude" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atax_(praefectura_Franciae)" title="Atax (praefectura Franciae) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Atax (praefectura Franciae)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oda_(departaments)" title="Oda (departaments) – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Oda (departaments)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Departement_Aude" title="Departement Aude – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Departement Aude" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odas_(departamentas)" title="Odas (departamentas) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Odas (departamentas)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aude" title="Aude – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Aude" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aude_(dipartiment)" title="Aude (dipartiment) – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Aude (dipartiment)" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aude" title="Aude – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Aude" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%A6" title="ऑद – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ऑद" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aude" title="Aude – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Aude" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B4_(%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82)" title="Од (департамент) – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Од (департамент)" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aude_(departement)" title="Aude (departement) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Aude (departement)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89%E7%9C%8C" title="オード県 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="オード県" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B4_(%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82)" title="Од (департамент) – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Од (департамент)" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aude_(Department)" title="Aude (Department) – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Aude (Department)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aude" title="Aude – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Aude" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aude" title="Aude – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Aude" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Departament_d%27Aude" title="Departament d'Aude – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Departament d'Aude" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aude" title="Aude – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Aude" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B6%D9%84%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AF" title="ضلع اود – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ضلع اود" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dipartiment_%C3%ABd_l%27Aude" title="Dipartiment ëd l'Aude – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Dipartiment ëd l'Aude" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aude" title="Aude – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Aude" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aude" title="Aude – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Aude" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aude" title="Aude – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Aude" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aude" title="Aude – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Aude" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B4_(%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82)" title="Од (департамент) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Од (департамент)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aude" title="Aude – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Aude" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aude" title="Aude – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Aude" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aude_(departement)" title="Aude (departement) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Aude (departement)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aude_(departma)" title="Aude (departma) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Aude (departma)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D9%88%D8%AF" title="ئود – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئود" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B4_(%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD)" title="Од (департман) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Од (департман)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aude_(departman)" title="Aude (departman) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Aude (departman)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aude" title="Aude – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Aude" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aude" title="Aude – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Aude" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94" title="จังหวัดโอด – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จังหวัดโอด" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%9E%D0%B4" title="Департаменти Од – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Департаменти Од" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aude" title="Aude – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Aude" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B4_(%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82)" title="Од (департамент) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Од (департамент)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AF" title="اود – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اود" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aude" title="Aude – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Aude" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aude" title="Aude – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Aude" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aude" title="Aude – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Aude" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aude" title="Aude – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Aude" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%BE%B7%E7%9C%81" title="奥德省 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="奥德省" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%BE%B7" title="奧德 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="奧德" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Od" title="Od – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Od" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%BE%B7%E7%9C%81" title="奥德省 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="奥德省" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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.geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Aude&params=43_5_N_2_25_E_region:FR-11_type:adm2nd"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">43°5′N</span> <span class="longitude">2°25′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">43.083°N 2.417°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">43.083; 2.417</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Department of France in Occitanie</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Aube" title="Aube">Aube</a>, the department in Northeastern France or the automotive company <a href="/wiki/Audi" title="Audi">Audi</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Aude_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Aude (disambiguation)">Aude (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Department in Occitanie, France</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Aude</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">Department</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="background-color:#FFFFFF;border-collapse:collapse;border:0px solid black;width:200px;display:table;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:2px 0 0 2px"><div style="display:table;background-color:#FFFFFF;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Carcassonne_Cite.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Carcassonne_Cite.jpg/200px-Carcassonne_Cite.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Carcassonne_Cite.jpg/300px-Carcassonne_Cite.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Carcassonne_Cite.jpg/400px-Carcassonne_Cite.jpg 2x" data-file-width="10412" data-file-height="2656" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:#FFFFFF;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Narbonne_-)_Narbonne_Plage_-_panoramio_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Narbonne_-%29_Narbonne_Plage_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg/99px-Narbonne_-%29_Narbonne_Plage_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="99" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Narbonne_-%29_Narbonne_Plage_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg/149px-Narbonne_-%29_Narbonne_Plage_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Narbonne_-%29_Narbonne_Plage_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg/198px-Narbonne_-%29_Narbonne_Plage_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Caudeval_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Caudeval_%282%29.jpg/99px-Caudeval_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="99" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Caudeval_%282%29.jpg/149px-Caudeval_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Caudeval_%282%29.jpg/198px-Caudeval_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:#FFFFFF;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Peyriac-de-Mer,_february_2018_(06).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Peyriac-de-Mer%2C_february_2018_%2806%29.jpg/200px-Peyriac-de-Mer%2C_february_2018_%2806%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Peyriac-de-Mer%2C_february_2018_%2806%29.jpg/300px-Peyriac-de-Mer%2C_february_2018_%2806%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Peyriac-de-Mer%2C_february_2018_%2806%29.jpg/400px-Peyriac-de-Mer%2C_february_2018_%2806%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7308" data-file-height="4568" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-caption">From top down, left to right: <a href="/wiki/Carcassonne" title="Carcassonne">Carcassonne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prefectures_in_France" title="Prefectures in France">prefecture</a> traversed by the <a href="/wiki/Aude_(river)" title="Aude (river)">Aude</a> River, Mediterranean coast near <a href="/wiki/Narbonne" title="Narbonne">Narbonne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caudeval" title="Caudeval">Caudeval</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peyriac-de-Mer" title="Peyriac-de-Mer">Peyriac-de-Mer</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Drapeau_non-offiicel_fr_d%C3%A9partement_Aude.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Aude"><img alt="Flag of Aude" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Drapeau_non-offiicel_fr_d%C3%A9partement_Aude.svg/100px-Drapeau_non-offiicel_fr_d%C3%A9partement_Aude.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Drapeau_non-offiicel_fr_d%C3%A9partement_Aude.svg/150px-Drapeau_non-offiicel_fr_d%C3%A9partement_Aude.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Drapeau_non-offiicel_fr_d%C3%A9partement_Aude.svg/200px-Drapeau_non-offiicel_fr_d%C3%A9partement_Aude.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1203" data-file-height="797" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_non-officiel_d%C3%A9partement_fr_Aude.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Aude"><img alt="Coat of arms of Aude" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Blason_non-officiel_d%C3%A9partement_fr_Aude.svg/91px-Blason_non-officiel_d%C3%A9partement_fr_Aude.svg.png" decoding="async" width="91" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Blason_non-officiel_d%C3%A9partement_fr_Aude.svg/136px-Blason_non-officiel_d%C3%A9partement_fr_Aude.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Blason_non-officiel_d%C3%A9partement_fr_Aude.svg/182px-Blason_non-officiel_d%C3%A9partement_fr_Aude.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="563" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aude-Position.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Aude in France"><img alt="Location of Aude in France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Aude-Position.svg/250px-Aude-Position.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Aude-Position.svg/375px-Aude-Position.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Aude-Position.svg/500px-Aude-Position.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="507" data-file-height="553" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of Aude in France</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Aude&params=43_5_N_2_25_E_region:FR-11_type:adm2nd"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">43°5′N</span> <span class="longitude">2°25′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">43.083°N 2.417°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">43.083; 2.417</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">France</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_France" title="Regions of France">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Occitania_(administrative_region)" title="Occitania (administrative region)">Occitanie</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Prefectures_in_France" title="Prefectures in France">Prefecture</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Carcassonne" title="Carcassonne">Carcassonne</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Subprefectures_in_France" title="Subprefectures in France">Subprefectures</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><b></b><a href="/wiki/Limoux" title="Limoux">Limoux</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Narbonne" title="Narbonne">Narbonne</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_departmental_councils_(France)" title="List of presidents of departmental councils (France)">President of the Departmental Council</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Hélène Sandragné<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(France)" title="Socialist Party (France)">PS</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_area"><a href="#endnote_area">1</a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">6,139 km<sup>2</sup> (2,370 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2022)<sup id="cite_ref-popref2022_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-popref2022-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">377,773</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_departments_by_population" title="List of French departments by population">64th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">62/km<sup>2</sup> (160/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B1" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+1">UTC+1</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">CET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B2" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+2">UTC+2</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">CEST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">FR-11</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">Department number</a></th><td class="infobox-data">11</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Largest city</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Narbonne" title="Narbonne">Narbonne</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Arrondissements_of_France" title="Arrondissements of France">Arrondissements</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Arrondissements_of_the_Aude_department" title="Arrondissements of the Aude department">3</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Cantons_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Cantons in France">Cantons</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_the_Aude_department" title="Cantons of the Aude department">19</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Communes_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Communes in France">Communes</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Communes_of_the_Aude_department" title="Communes of the Aude department">433</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_area"><b><a href="#ref_area">^1</a></b></span> French Land Register data, which exclude <a href="/wiki/Estuary" title="Estuary">estuaries</a>, and lakes, ponds, and glaciers larger than 1 km<sup>2</sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Aude</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[od]</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/9\/9d\/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-GrandCelinien-Aude.wav\/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-GrandCelinien-Aude.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"LL-Q150 (fra)-GrandCelinien-Aude.wav"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9d/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-GrandCelinien-Aude.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-GrandCelinien-Aude.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:LL-Q150_(fra)-GrandCelinien-Aude.wav" title="File:LL-Q150 (fra)-GrandCelinien-Aude.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">ohd</i></a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991" /><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Occitan:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="oc-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Occitan" title="Help:IPA/Occitan">[ˈawðe]</a></span>) is a <a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">department</a> in <a href="/wiki/Southern_France" title="Southern France">Southern France</a>, located in the <a href="/wiki/Occitania_(administrative_region)" title="Occitania (administrative region)">Occitanie</a> <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_France" title="Regions of France">region</a> and named after the river <a href="/wiki/Aude_(river)" title="Aude (river)">Aude</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-sandre_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sandre-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The departmental council also calls it "<a href="/wiki/Catharism" title="Catharism">Cathar</a> Country" (French: <i>Pays cathare</i>) after a group of religious dissidents active in the 12th to 14th centuries. </p><p>Its <a href="/wiki/Prefectures_in_France" title="Prefectures in France">prefecture</a> is <a href="/wiki/Carcassonne" title="Carcassonne">Carcassonne</a> and its <a href="/wiki/Subprefectures_in_France" title="Subprefectures in France">subprefectures</a> are <a href="/wiki/Limoux" title="Limoux">Limoux</a> and <a href="/wiki/Narbonne" title="Narbonne">Narbonne</a>. As of 2019, it had a population of 374,070.<sup id="cite_ref-pop2019_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pop2019-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aude is a frequent feminine French given name in Francophone countries, deriving initially from Aude or Oda, a wife of Bertrand, <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Aquitaine" title="Duke of Aquitaine">Duke of Aquitaine</a>, and mother of Eudo, brother of Saint <a href="/wiki/Hubertus" class="mw-redirect" title="Hubertus">Hubertus</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Aude was the name of <a href="/wiki/Aude_(character)" title="Aude (character)">Roland's fiancée</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Chanson_de_geste" title="Chanson de geste"><i>chansons de geste</i></a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aude&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Location">Location</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aude&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Location"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Aude is located between the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Pyrenees" title="Pyrenees">Pyrenees Mountains</a>. </p><p>It is part of the current region of <a href="/wiki/Occitania_(administrative_region)" title="Occitania (administrative region)">Occitanie</a>. It is surrounded by the departments of <a href="/wiki/Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Orientales" title="Pyrénées-Orientales">Pyrénées-Orientales</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ari%C3%A8ge_(department)" title="Ariège (department)">Ariège</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haute-Garonne" title="Haute-Garonne">Haute-Garonne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tarn_(department)" title="Tarn (department)">Tarn</a>, and <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9rault" title="Hérault">Hérault</a>, with the <a href="/wiki/Golfe_du_Lion" class="mw-redirect" title="Golfe du Lion">Golfe du Lion</a> on the east. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Natural_regions">Natural regions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aude&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Natural regions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carte_Aude_region_naturelle.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Carte_Aude_region_naturelle.png/220px-Carte_Aude_region_naturelle.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Carte_Aude_region_naturelle.png/330px-Carte_Aude_region_naturelle.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Carte_Aude_region_naturelle.png/440px-Carte_Aude_region_naturelle.png 2x" data-file-width="443" data-file-height="317" /></a><figcaption>Natural regions of the Aude</figcaption></figure> <p>The countryside in this department falls into several <a href="/wiki/Natural_region" title="Natural region">natural regions</a>: </p> <ul><li>1 – <a href="/wiki/Lauragais" title="Lauragais">Lauragais</a></li> <li>2 – <a href="/wiki/Montagne_Noire" title="Montagne Noire">Montagne Noire</a></li> <li>3 – <a href="/wiki/Cabard%C3%A8s" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabardès">Cabardès</a></li> <li>4 – <a href="/wiki/Carcassonne" title="Carcassonne">Carcassonais</a></li> <li>5 – <a href="/wiki/Raz%C3%A8s" title="Razès">Razès</a></li> <li>6 – <a href="/wiki/Quercorb" class="mw-redirect" title="Quercorb">Quercorb</a></li> <li>7 – <a href="/wiki/Pays_de_Sault" title="Pays de Sault">Pays de Sault</a></li> <li>8 – <a href="/wiki/Minervois" class="mw-redirect" title="Minervois">Minervois</a></li> <li>9 – <a href="/wiki/Corbi%C3%A8res,_Aude" title="Corbières, Aude">Corbières</a></li> <li>10 – <a href="/wiki/Narbonnais" class="mw-redirect" title="Narbonnais">Narbonnais</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Landscapes">Landscapes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aude&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Landscapes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Quillan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Quillan.jpg/220px-Quillan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Quillan.jpg/330px-Quillan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Quillan.jpg/440px-Quillan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Mountain landscape in the <a href="/wiki/Raz%C3%A8s" title="Razès">Razès</a> at <a href="/wiki/Quillan" title="Quillan">Quillan</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Each natural region of the Aude has its own particular landscape. In the east, lagoons or coastal lakes separate land and sea. These were formed by accumulations of sediments carried down by the rivers Aude, <a href="/wiki/Orb_(river)" title="Orb (river)">Orb</a> and <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9rault_(river)" title="Hérault (river)">Hérault</a>. There are many such lakes of brackish water. This environment is demanding for flora and fauna, as it suffers from the rigours of sea, sun, dryness and floods. <a href="/wiki/Halophile" title="Halophile">Halophile</a> (i.e., salt-loving) plants grow there. The area is also noted for the pink <a href="/wiki/Flamingo" title="Flamingo">flamingo</a> and the white <a href="/wiki/Stilt" title="Stilt">stilt</a>. </p><p>Inland to the west, <a href="/wiki/Maquis_shrubland" title="Maquis shrubland">shrub</a> and <a href="/wiki/Garrigue" title="Garrigue">scrub</a> dominate the landscape of the drylands of the Aude and the <a href="/wiki/Corbi%C3%A8res_Massif" title="Corbières Massif">Corbières Massif</a>. This landscape is the result of forest clearance, maintained by the raising of livestock. The flora is varied and characterized by many species of <a href="/wiki/Orchids" class="mw-redirect" title="Orchids">orchids</a>. The Sault countryside is dominated by <a href="/wiki/Beech" title="Beech">beech</a> groves and <a href="/wiki/Fir" title="Fir">fir</a> plantations up to the mountains. These forests are known for their <a href="/wiki/Mushroom" title="Mushroom">mushrooms</a>, and have a rich flora and fauna, including the <a href="/wiki/Pyrenean_lily" class="mw-redirect" title="Pyrenean lily">Pyrenean lily</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Euproctis" title="Euproctis">euproctis</a> moth and <a href="/wiki/Horsetail" class="mw-redirect" title="Horsetail">horsetail</a> of the woods. </p><p>To the north and west, the Black Mountain country is made up of forests of <a href="/wiki/Oak" title="Oak">oak</a> and <a href="/wiki/Beech" title="Beech">beech</a>. The Lauragais is a wooded landscape where grain farming has shaped the hills. There are bodies of water like the <a href="/wiki/Lac_de_la_Ganguise" title="Lac de la Ganguise">Lac de la Ganguise</a>. Finally, the high valley of the Aude, otherwise called the Razès, consists of a <a href="/wiki/Riparian_forest" title="Riparian forest">riparian forest</a> made of beech, <a href="/wiki/Alder" title="Alder">alder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Populus" title="Populus">poplar</a> or <a href="/wiki/Fraxinus" title="Fraxinus">ash</a>. It includes some <a href="/wiki/Peatlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Peatlands">peatlands</a> that are very rare in southern France. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geology">Geology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aude&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Geology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aude_(flume).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Aude_%28flume%29.png/220px-Aude_%28flume%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Aude_%28flume%29.png/330px-Aude_%28flume%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/Aude_%28flume%29.png 2x" data-file-width="380" data-file-height="306" /></a><figcaption>Relief map with some main towns</figcaption></figure> <p>The landscapes of Aude can be explained by its geology. In the south, there are <a href="/wiki/Sedimentary_rocks" class="mw-redirect" title="Sedimentary rocks">sedimentary rocks</a> folded during the formation of the Pyrenees. To the north and centre of Aude, the sedimentary rocks are less folded. At the extreme east, near the Mediterranean, the rocks are carved by normal collapse <a href="/wiki/Fault_(geology)" title="Fault (geology)">faults</a> which are due to the opening of the Golfe du Lion. </p><p>In the north, the Black Mountain and Minervois consist of <a href="/wiki/Schist" title="Schist">schist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marble" title="Marble">marble</a>, forming the southern edge of the <a href="/wiki/Massif_Central" title="Massif Central">Massif Central</a>. These ancient rocks are over 300 million years old and were deformed by the formation of the <a href="/wiki/Variscan_orogeny" title="Variscan orogeny">Hercynian</a> chain. The Montagne d'Alaric (<a href="/wiki/Alaric_I" title="Alaric I">Alaric</a>'s Mountain) is an <a href="/wiki/Anticline" title="Anticline">antiform fold</a> in the shape of a vault and made of <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aude&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Port_and_lighthouse_overnight_storm_with_lightning_in_Port-la-Nouvelle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Port_and_lighthouse_overnight_storm_with_lightning_in_Port-la-Nouvelle.jpg/220px-Port_and_lighthouse_overnight_storm_with_lightning_in_Port-la-Nouvelle.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Port_and_lighthouse_overnight_storm_with_lightning_in_Port-la-Nouvelle.jpg/330px-Port_and_lighthouse_overnight_storm_with_lightning_in_Port-la-Nouvelle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Port_and_lighthouse_overnight_storm_with_lightning_in_Port-la-Nouvelle.jpg/440px-Port_and_lighthouse_overnight_storm_with_lightning_in_Port-la-Nouvelle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5681" data-file-height="3196" /></a><figcaption>Lightning during an autumn storm off the coast of <a href="/wiki/Port-la-Nouvelle" title="Port-la-Nouvelle">Port-la-Nouvelle</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Aude is under the influence of a Mediterranean climate. </p><p>The autumn is characterized by violent and short storms. The summer is often hot and dry, which is favorable to the culture of the vine and the olive-trees. Yet, the department has several contrasts in climate: In the north, the Montagne Noire and, in the south, the Pays de Sault, have a mountainous climate with temperatures sometimes very low in winter. In the west, the climate is under Aquitaine influence with heavier precipitation, while in the east the climate is purely Mediterranean. In the centre, in the Limouxin, Carcassonnais and Razès areas, the climate is known as intermediary with significant exposure to winds. The winds are often present in Aude. It is one of the windiest French departments, with 300 to 350 days of wind per year. This phenomenon is due mostly to the variations in relief north and south which create a kind of corridor. </p><p>In the north-west blows the <a href="/wiki/Cers_(wind)" title="Cers (wind)">Cers</a>, called Tramontane in Provence, which is a ground wind. It is a dry, somewhat violent wind and cold in winter. In the south-east blows the Autan, locally called the <a href="/wiki/Marin_(wind)" title="Marin (wind)">Marin</a>, which is hot and wet and comes from the sea. </p><p>These regular winds made it possible to install an industrial park of <a href="/wiki/Wind_turbine" title="Wind turbine">wind turbines</a>, as in the area of Avignonet-Lauragais. </p> <table class="wikitable centre" style="text-align:right"> <caption class="hidden">Comparison of local Meteorological data with other cities in France<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="background:#ddffdd">Town </th> <th scope="col" width="100" style="background-color:#ddffdd">Sunshine<br /><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Weather-clear.svg/20px-Weather-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Weather-clear.svg/30px-Weather-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Weather-clear.svg/40px-Weather-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span><br />(hours/yr) </th> <th scope="col" width="100" style="background:#ddffdd">Rain<br /><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Weather-overcast-rare-showers.svg/20px-Weather-overcast-rare-showers.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Weather-overcast-rare-showers.svg/30px-Weather-overcast-rare-showers.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Weather-overcast-rare-showers.svg/40px-Weather-overcast-rare-showers.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span><br />(mm/yr)</th> <th scope="col" width="100" style="background:#ddffdd">Snow<br /><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Weather-snow.svg/20px-Weather-snow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Weather-snow.svg/30px-Weather-snow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Weather-snow.svg/40px-Weather-snow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span><br /> (days/yr)</th> <th scope="col" width="100" style="background:#ddffdd">Storm<br /><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Weather-violent-storm.svg/20px-Weather-violent-storm.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Weather-violent-storm.svg/30px-Weather-violent-storm.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Weather-violent-storm.svg/40px-Weather-violent-storm.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span><br />(days/yr)</th> <th scope="col" width="100" style="background:#ddffdd">Fog<br /><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Weather-day-more-fog.svg/20px-Weather-day-more-fog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Weather-day-more-fog.svg/30px-Weather-day-more-fog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Weather-day-more-fog.svg/40px-Weather-day-more-fog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span> <br />(days/yr) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">National average </th> <td>1,973</td> <td>770</td> <td>14</td> <td>22</td> <td>40 </td></tr> <tr style="background: #D1E8FF"> <th scope="row" style="background:#D1E8FF"><b>Carcassonne<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></b> </th> <td><b>2,130</b></td> <td><b>584</b></td> <td><b>7</b></td> <td><b>19</b></td> <td><b>14</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> </th> <td>1,661</td> <td>637</td> <td>12</td> <td>18</td> <td>10 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Nice" title="Nice">Nice</a> </th> <td>2,724</td> <td>767</td> <td>1</td> <td>29</td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a> </th> <td>1,693</td> <td>665</td> <td>29</td> <td>29</td> <td>56 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Brest,_France" title="Brest, France">Brest</a> </th> <td>1,605</td> <td>1,211</td> <td>7</td> <td>12</td> <td>75 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Carcassonne </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFDBB7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.7<br />(49.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFD1A4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.1<br />(52.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA76; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.4<br />(57.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.0<br />(62.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.0<br />(69.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.4<br />(77.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.6<br />(83.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.3<br />(82.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.5<br />(76.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9932; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.3<br />(66.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFC082; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.5<br />(56.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7AF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.3<br />(50.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3C; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">18.6<br />(65.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFF1E4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.4<br />(43.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.4<br />(45.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0<br />(50.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFC892; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.4<br />(54.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFAE5D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.2<br />(61.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9327; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.1<br />(68.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8001; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.9<br />(73.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8104; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.7<br />(72.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9932; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.3<br />(66.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFB46A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.3<br />(59.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFD8B1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.1<br />(50.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.1<br />(44.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC79; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">14.2<br />(57.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.1<br />(37.6) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.6<br />(38.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFF7EF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.6<br />(42.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFE8D2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.7<br />(45.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFCF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.4<br />(52.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFB871; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.8<br />(58.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFA74F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.2<br />(63.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.0<br />(62.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFBD7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.0<br />(57.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2<br />(52.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFF0E2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.6<br />(43.9) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.8<br />(38.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB7; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">9.7<br />(49.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #A2A2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62.0<br />(2.44) </td> <td style="background: #B1B1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47.6<br />(1.87) </td> <td style="background: #B8B8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47.2<br />(1.86) </td> <td style="background: #9898FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66.3<br />(2.61) </td> <td style="background: #ACACFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55.1<br />(2.17) </td> <td style="background: #C1C1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40.2<br />(1.58) </td> <td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.7<br />(0.89) </td> <td style="background: #C7C7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.0<br />(1.46) </td> <td style="background: #C3C3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38.8<br />(1.53) </td> <td style="background: #AEAEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54.3<br />(2.14) </td> <td style="background: #AEAEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52.5<br />(2.07) </td> <td style="background: #A5A5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59.8<br />(2.35) </td> <td style="background: #B5B5FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">583.5<br />(22.97) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #8E8EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.1 </td> <td style="background: #9D9DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.2 </td> <td style="background: #A2A2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.5 </td> <td style="background: #8585FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.5 </td> <td style="background: #A3A3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.4 </td> <td style="background: #C0C0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.9 </td> <td style="background: #D0D0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.8 </td> <td style="background: #BDBDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.3 </td> <td style="background: #BCBCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.2 </td> <td style="background: #9F9FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.7 </td> <td style="background: #9393FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.4 </td> <td style="background: #9494FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.6 </td> <td style="background: #A6A6FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">84.6 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #AAAAA5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">94.7 </td> <td style="background: #B9B94A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">116.5 </td> <td style="background: #CCCC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">168.9 </td> <td style="background: #D6D600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">186.6 </td> <td style="background: #D9D900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">209.8 </td> <td style="background: #E5E500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">253.1 </td> <td style="background: #E9E900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">276.5 </td> <td style="background: #E5E500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">260.8 </td> <td style="background: #DDDD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">218.6 </td> <td style="background: #C2C214; color:#000000;" class="notheme">147.4 </td> <td style="background: #B0B084; color:#000000;" class="notheme">103.1 </td> <td style="background: #AAAAA8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">93.5 </td> <td style="background: #D2D200; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,129.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lameteo.org/index.php/climatologie/1589-normales-climatiques-1981-2010-carcassonne">Meteorological data for Carcassonne - 126m altitude, from 1981 to 2010</a> January 2015 <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hydrography">Hydrography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aude&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Hydrography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The drainage system of Aude is dominated by its river of the same name. The river rises at the Roc d'Aude and passes through the <a href="/wiki/Matemale" title="Matemale">Matemale</a> and <a href="/wiki/Puyvalador" title="Puyvalador">Puyvalador</a> dams on the <a href="/wiki/Capcir" title="Capcir">Capcir</a> plateau at 1500m, then crosses the department from south to north across Axat, Limoux, and Quillan following the upper valley of the Aude. At Carcassonne, the river changes direction toward the Mediterranean Sea to the east, where it empties near <a href="/wiki/Fleury,_Aude" title="Fleury, Aude">Fleury</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Principal_towns">Principal towns</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aude&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Principal towns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The most populous commune is <a href="/wiki/Narbonne" title="Narbonne">Narbonne</a>; the prefecture <a href="/wiki/Carcassonne" title="Carcassonne">Carcassonne</a> is the second-most populous. As of 2019, there are 5 communes with more than 10,000 inhabitants:<sup id="cite_ref-pop2019_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pop2019-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Commune </th> <th>Population (2019) </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Narbonne" title="Narbonne">Narbonne</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">55,516 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Carcassonne" title="Carcassonne">Carcassonne</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">46,825 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Castelnaudary" title="Castelnaudary">Castelnaudary</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">12,187 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9zignan-Corbi%C3%A8res" title="Lézignan-Corbières">Lézignan-Corbières</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">11,317 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Limoux" title="Limoux">Limoux</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">10,012 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aude&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prehistory">Prehistory</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aude&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Prehistory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Homme_de_Tautavel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Homme_de_Tautavel.jpg/150px-Homme_de_Tautavel.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Homme_de_Tautavel.jpg/225px-Homme_de_Tautavel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Homme_de_Tautavel.jpg/300px-Homme_de_Tautavel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1100" /></a><figcaption>Skull of <a href="/wiki/Tautavel_Man" title="Tautavel Man">Tautavel Man</a> discovered at <a href="/wiki/Tautavel" title="Tautavel">Tautavel</a>, not far from Aude</figcaption></figure> <p>Hammers and worked tools have been found on the hill of Grazailles at Carcassonne, dating from between 690,000 and 300,000 years ago. Most interesting is the skull of <a href="/wiki/Tautavel_Man" title="Tautavel Man">Tautavel Man</a>, discovered in 1971 by <a href="/wiki/Henry_de_Lumley" title="Henry de Lumley">Henry de Lumley</a> in the commune of <a href="/wiki/Tautavel" title="Tautavel">Tautavel</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Orientales" title="Pyrénées-Orientales">Pyrénées-Orientales</a> department.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the oldest-known skull in Europe. It dates from about 450,000 years BC. It is likely that Tautavel Man lived in all of this region. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roman_Era">Roman Era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aude&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Roman Era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Romans</a>, led by the consul-general <a href="/wiki/Gnaeus_Domitius_Ahenobarbus_(consul_122_BC)" title="Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus (consul 122 BC)">Domitius Ahenobarbus</a>, first occupied the <a href="/wiki/Oppidum" title="Oppidum">oppidum</a> of Montlaurès in 118 BC, a few kilometres to the north of <a href="/wiki/Narbonne" title="Narbonne">Narbonne</a>. This became the provincial capital and a very active mercantile port. The position was strategically important since it stood at the crossroads of two <a href="/wiki/Roman_roads" title="Roman roads">Roman roads</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Via_Aquitania" title="Via Aquitania">Via Aquitania</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Via_Domitia" title="Via Domitia">Via Domitia</a>, as well as by the sea near the mouth of the river <a href="/wiki/Aude_(river)" title="Aude (river)">Aude</a>. <a href="/wiki/Carcassonne" title="Carcassonne">Carcassonne</a> became Latin in 30 BC with the creation of numerous grain farms. For almost two centuries, Aude enjoyed peace and strong economic growth. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Barbarian_invasions">Barbarian invasions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aude&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Barbarian invasions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Visigoths" title="Visigoths">Visigoths</a> invaded the area in 435 AD at a time when <a href="/wiki/Flavius_Aetius" title="Flavius Aetius">Flavius Aetius</a>, the Roman senator, was busy suppressing the <a href="/wiki/Bagaudes" class="mw-redirect" title="Bagaudes">Bagaudes</a>, who were brigands or lawless types in central and northern Gaul. Roman authority was restored until 462. In 507, the victory of <a href="/wiki/Clovis_I" title="Clovis I">Clovis I</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vouill%C3%A9" title="Battle of Vouillé">battle of Vouillé</a> permitted him to conquer <a href="/wiki/Toulouse" title="Toulouse">Toulouse</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aquitaine" title="Aquitaine">Aquitaine</a>. However, he could not recover the Aude territory, which, thanks to the help of the King of the <a href="/wiki/Ostrogoths" title="Ostrogoths">Ostrogoths</a>, remained in the hands of the Visigoths. His troops defeated Clovis's son in 508. The region was part of <a href="/wiki/Septimania" title="Septimania">Septimania</a>, so called because it was composed of seven <a href="/wiki/Episcopal_see" title="Episcopal see">bishoprics</a> that the Visigoth kings had established there: <a href="/wiki/Elne" title="Elne">Elne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agde" title="Agde">Agde</a>, <a href="/wiki/Narbonne" title="Narbonne">Narbonne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lod%C3%A8ve" title="Lodève">Lodève</a>, <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9ziers" title="Béziers">Béziers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maguelonne" class="mw-redirect" title="Maguelonne">Maguelonne</a>, and <a href="/wiki/N%C3%AEmes" title="Nîmes">Nîmes</a>. Septimania covered the Aude but also the whole region of Languedoc-Roussillon. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Middle_Ages">Middle Ages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aude&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Middle Ages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 817, <a href="/wiki/Louis_le_D%C3%A9bonnaire" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis le Débonnaire">Louis le Débonnaire</a> detached Carcassès and <a href="/wiki/Raz%C3%A8s" title="Razès">Razès</a> from Septimania to reunite them with the marquisate of <a href="/wiki/Toulouse" title="Toulouse">Toulouse</a> and the kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Aquitaine" title="Aquitaine">Aquitaine</a>. The first Count of Carcassonne was Oliba from the family of the <a href="/wiki/Count_of_Barcelona" title="Count of Barcelona">Counts of Barcelona</a>. He established himself in 819. Razès was another county that was formed by an archbishop of Narbonne who had been chased from his town by the <a href="/wiki/Saracens" class="mw-redirect" title="Saracens">Saracens</a>. He had transferred his episcopal seat to Razès and had procured the honours of the feudal title for the area. Narbonne formed a third county. Thus, in the ninth century, the département of Aude consisted of three counties: Carcassonne, Razès and Narbonne. In 880, the <a href="/wiki/County_of_Raz%C3%A8s" title="County of Razès">County of Razès</a> was united by marriage to that of Carcassonne, never to be separated. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Catharism_in_Aude">Catharism in Aude</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aude&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Catharism in Aude"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 13th century, the region saw the development of <a href="/wiki/Catharism" title="Catharism">Catharism</a>: a <a href="/wiki/Dualistic_cosmology" class="mw-redirect" title="Dualistic cosmology">dualistic</a> Christian sect with similarities to <a href="/wiki/Gnosticism" title="Gnosticism">Gnosticism</a>. This religion was very quickly judged as heretical by the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>. Faced with its growing strength in the counties of Carcassonne and Toulouse, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_III" title="Pope Innocent III">Pope Innocent III</a> in 1209 declared a <a href="/wiki/Albigensian_Crusade" title="Albigensian Crusade">crusade</a> against the <a href="/wiki/Albigensians" class="mw-redirect" title="Albigensians">Albigensians</a>. The barons of the north united to form an army under the command of <a href="/wiki/Simon_de_Montfort,_5th_Earl_of_Leicester" title="Simon de Montfort, 5th Earl of Leicester">Simon de Montfort</a>. Whereas the count of Toulouse <a href="/wiki/Raymond_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="Raymond VI">Raymond VI</a> received absolution, the Count of Carcassonne confronted the army alone. The city of Carcassonne became the refuge of numerous Cathars. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Protestant_crisis_and_economic_expansion_of_the_department">The Protestant crisis and economic expansion of the department</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aude&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: The Protestant crisis and economic expansion of the department"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1561, religious troubles again arose at <a href="/wiki/Carcassonne" title="Carcassonne">Carcassonne</a> in the form of a Protestant crisis. Duke <a href="/wiki/Henri_I_de_Montmorency" class="mw-redirect" title="Henri I de Montmorency">Henri I de Montmorency</a>, the Governor of the <a href="/wiki/Languedoc" title="Languedoc">Languedoc</a>, joined the <a href="/wiki/Reformed_tradition" class="mw-redirect" title="Reformed tradition">Reformed</a> side in 1574. On the Catholic side, the Duke <a href="/wiki/Anne_de_Joyeuse" title="Anne de Joyeuse">Anne de Joyeuse</a> became head of the Catholic League. In September 1632, <a href="/wiki/Henri_II_de_Montmorency" class="mw-redirect" title="Henri II de Montmorency">Henri II de Montmorency</a> fought against the royal troops at the Battle of <a href="/wiki/Castelnaudary" title="Castelnaudary">Castelnaudary</a> and was defeated. He was condemned to death and executed at Toulouse. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_creation_of_the_department">The creation of the department</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aude&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: The creation of the department"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The present department is one of the original 83 departments created by the <a href="/wiki/Constituent_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="Constituent Assembly">Constituent Assembly</a> during the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a> on 4 March 1790. It was created from part of the <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_France" title="Provinces of France">former province</a> of <a href="/wiki/Languedoc" title="Languedoc">Languedoc</a>. Administrative divisions were amended by the Act of 28 <a href="/wiki/Pluvi%C3%B4se" title="Pluviôse">Pluviôse</a> of Year 8, which created four arrondissements (reduced to three by Premier <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Poincar%C3%A9" title="Raymond Poincaré">Raymond Poincaré</a> in 1926) and reduced the number of cantons from 45 to 31. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_20th_century">The 20th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aude&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: The 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Aude enjoyed strong wine production whilst at the same time the grain farmers of <a href="/wiki/Lauragais" title="Lauragais">Lauragais</a> faced great difficulties. However, the department suffered from overproduction and a slump in sales of wine. In 1907 the crisis produced a <a href="/w/index.php?title=1907_Languedoc_Winemaker%27s_Revolt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1907 Languedoc Winemaker's Revolt (page does not exist)">winemakers' revolt</a>. This led to the establishment of many <a href="/wiki/Winemaking_cooperative" title="Winemaking cooperative">Winemaking cooperatives</a> in Aude from 1909. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Heraldry">Heraldry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aude&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Heraldry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center;padding:5px 8px;width:120px;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_non-officiel_d%C3%A9partement_fr_Aude.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Arms of Aude"><img alt="Arms of Aude" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Blason_non-officiel_d%C3%A9partement_fr_Aude.svg/120px-Blason_non-officiel_d%C3%A9partement_fr_Aude.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Blason_non-officiel_d%C3%A9partement_fr_Aude.svg/180px-Blason_non-officiel_d%C3%A9partement_fr_Aude.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Blason_non-officiel_d%C3%A9partement_fr_Aude.svg/240px-Blason_non-officiel_d%C3%A9partement_fr_Aude.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="563" /></a><figcaption>Arms of Aude</figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;"><b>Blazon:</b><br /> <p><i>Gules, a cross of Toulouse Or within a bordure embattled argent.</i> </p><p><br /> </p><p><br /> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aude&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Overview">Overview</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aude&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Economically active population by economic sector, 2019<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr align="right"> <td align="left">Agriculture</td> <td>8,309 people </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td align="left">Industry</td> <td>9,098 people </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td align="left">Construction</td> <td>8,826 people </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Tertiary_sector" class="mw-redirect" title="Tertiary sector">Tertiary sector</a></td> <td>100,474 people </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agriculture_and_fisheries">Agriculture and fisheries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aude&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Agriculture and fisheries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Port_Leucate_(Aude),_view_over_Leucate.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Port_Leucate_%28Aude%29%2C_view_over_Leucate.jpg/220px-Port_Leucate_%28Aude%29%2C_view_over_Leucate.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Port_Leucate_%28Aude%29%2C_view_over_Leucate.jpg/330px-Port_Leucate_%28Aude%29%2C_view_over_Leucate.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Port_Leucate_%28Aude%29%2C_view_over_Leucate.jpg/440px-Port_Leucate_%28Aude%29%2C_view_over_Leucate.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2589" data-file-height="1456" /></a><figcaption>Entry to the port of <a href="/wiki/Leucate" title="Leucate">Leucate</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Aude is an agricultural area dominated by vineyards. In the east are the wines of <a href="/wiki/Corbi%C3%A8res_AOC" title="Corbières AOC">Corbieres</a> and La Clape, in the centre are <a href="/wiki/Minervois" class="mw-redirect" title="Minervois">Minervois</a> and Côtes de Malepère, and in the south <a href="/wiki/Limoux_wine" title="Limoux wine">Limoux wine</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Lauragais" title="Lauragais">Lauragais</a> grain is predominant, whereas in the <a href="/wiki/Montagne_Noire" title="Montagne Noire">Montagne Noire</a> only <a href="/wiki/Sheep_farming" title="Sheep farming">sheep farming</a> is possible. More recently there has been an increase in cultivation of <a href="/wiki/Olive" title="Olive">olive</a> trees for their oil. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Port-la-Nouvelle" title="Port-la-Nouvelle">Port-la-Nouvelle</a> is the biggest fishing port in the department followed by <a href="/wiki/Gruissan" title="Gruissan">Gruissan</a>. In 1996 there were 127 vessels in Aude including 75 in Port-la-Nouvelle and 52 in Gruissan.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These vessels were as follows: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_trawler" title="Fishing trawler">Fishing trawlers</a>: 19 in Port-la-Nouvelle</li> <li>tuna boats: 2 in Port-la-Nouvelle</li> <li>small craft: 106 including 54 in Port-La-Nouvelle and 52 in Gruissan</li></ul> <p>Small craft are recreational boats such as dinghies with one man fishing a lake or motor launches with up to three people fishing in coastal waters. About 85% of small craft are intended for lake fishing as in the <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tang_de_Thau" title="Étang de Thau">Étang de Thau</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Viticulture">Viticulture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aude&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Viticulture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vignoble_Map_Aude.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Vignoble_Map_Aude.svg/400px-Vignoble_Map_Aude.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="286" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Vignoble_Map_Aude.svg/600px-Vignoble_Map_Aude.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Vignoble_Map_Aude.svg/800px-Vignoble_Map_Aude.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="443" data-file-height="317" /></a><figcaption>Map of wine growing areas of the Aude</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Viticulture" title="Viticulture">Viticulture</a> is the main economic activity of the department due to its rich and varied soils. It was the Greeks who established vineyards in Aude and the Romans who determined the rights of exploitation. The first vines were planted in <a href="/wiki/Minervois" class="mw-redirect" title="Minervois">Minervois</a> in the 1st century. </p><p>But the grapes and wines were not consumer products or self-sufficient for many years. Cereals and olive trees dominated the fertile plains of Aude. It was at the beginning of the 19th century that the wine industry developed in Aude and the rest of Languedoc-Roussillon. Wine then became a consumer product. Higher output was needed and vineyards replaced cereals on the plains. There was an initial period of prosperity to 1850 before <a href="/wiki/Phylloxera" title="Phylloxera">phylloxera</a> appeared towards 1870. At the end of the 19th century, Aude experienced a second period of prosperity but there was a wine crisis triggered in 1901 because of over-production, fraud, and slumping sales. It reached its peak during the winemakers revolt in 1907. The wine growers regrouped themselves into <a href="/wiki/Winemaking_cooperative" title="Winemaking cooperative">winemaking cooperatives</a> to prevent fraud and deception. In 1919 then in 1935, a law of <a href="/wiki/Appellation_d%27origine_contr%C3%B4l%C3%A9e" title="Appellation d'origine contrôlée">AOC</a> was adopted under the leadership of Jean Capus. The <a href="/wiki/INAO" class="mw-redirect" title="INAO">INAO</a> was set up as a body to control the application of the new laws. </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>, the vineyards were revitalized and the region saw a mass of viticulture. The wine was produced in large quantities and satisfied a very demanding population. The product was supplied in large quantities at very low prices. In 1970 the market evolved replacing demand for quantity with demand for quality and causing a second wine crisis. Many events, negotiations, and attacks paralyzed the region and the economy. Emile Pouytès and the CRS Joel le Gof died at <a href="/wiki/Montredon-des-Corbi%C3%A8res" title="Montredon-des-Corbières">Montredon-des-Corbières</a> on 4 March 1976 during this crisis. A large change in the Aude viticulture business started with a reorganization of the profession and the wine-growing region. Quality had to become the mark of wine from Aude. </p><p>The rich and varied soil of Aude together with abundant sunshine abounds enables Aude to produce quality wines. Many wines emanate from the department, ranging in quality from <a href="/wiki/Table_wine" title="Table wine">table wines</a> to <a href="/wiki/Appellation_d%27origine_contr%C3%B4l%C3%A9e" title="Appellation d'origine contrôlée">AOCs</a>, passing through <a href="/wiki/Vins_de_pays" class="mw-redirect" title="Vins de pays">vins de pays</a> and <a href="/wiki/VDQS" class="mw-redirect" title="VDQS">VDQS</a>. </p><p>There are seven main areas of production: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabard%C3%A8s_AOC" title="Cabardès AOC">Cabardès AOC</a> (1),</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corbi%C3%A8res_AOC" title="Corbières AOC">Corbières AOC</a> (6),</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_appellations_in_Languedoc-Roussillon" title="List of appellations in Languedoc-Roussillon">Côtes Malepère</a> AOC near Carcassonne (2),</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_appellations_in_Languedoc-Roussillon" title="List of appellations in Languedoc-Roussillon">Coteaux du Languedoc</a> on the plain of Narbonnais (5),</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fitou_AOC" title="Fitou AOC">Fitou AOC</a> (7),</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limoux_wine" title="Limoux wine">Limoux wine</a> (3),</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minervois_AOC" title="Minervois AOC">Minervois AOC</a> (4).</li></ul> <p>These areas produce different wines such as <i><a href="/wiki/Limoux_wine" title="Limoux wine">Blanquette de Limoux</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Chardonnay" title="Chardonnay">Chardonnay</a> and sparkling wine from Limoux, <i>La Clape</i>, <a href="/wiki/Corbi%C3%A8res,_Aude" title="Corbières, Aude">Corbières</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fitou" title="Fitou">Fitou</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cabard%C3%A8s" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabardès">Cabardès</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industry_and_energy">Industry and energy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aude&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Industry and energy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Industrial activity is strong in the upper valley of the Aude. It has been especially prominent around <a href="/wiki/Limoux" title="Limoux">Limoux</a> since the late nineteenth century; and the <a href="/wiki/Lafarge_(company)" title="Lafarge (company)">Lafarge</a> brick plant there is still booming. </p><p>Since the 1970s, however, the Aude has seen a rapid decline in its traditional industries such as shoe and hat making. More recent activity is mostly centred around <a href="/wiki/Narbonne" title="Narbonne">Narbonne</a>, particularly <a href="/wiki/Dock_(maritime)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dock (maritime)">dock</a> facilities and <a href="/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum">oil</a> depots in <a href="/wiki/Port-la-Nouvelle" title="Port-la-Nouvelle">Port-la-Nouvelle</a>. </p><p>From 1889, the high valley of Aude became increasingly important in generating <a href="/wiki/Hydroelectric" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydroelectric">hydroelectric</a> power. Aude was the first department in France to transmit such power, from its plants at <a href="/wiki/Alet-les-Bains" title="Alet-les-Bains">Alet-les-Bains</a> and <a href="/wiki/Quillan" title="Quillan">Quillan</a>. Joachim Estrade established the first electricity company in France, the Southern Power Transmission Company (SMTF), in 1901. Its plant at <a href="/wiki/Axat" title="Axat">Axat</a>-Saint-Georges supplied the cities of Carcassonne and Narbonne at 20 <a href="/wiki/Kilovolts" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilovolts">kilovolts</a>. </p><p>Today Aude is the leading department in France for the number of wind turbines installed. There are 113 in operation. They produce some 91 <a href="/wiki/Megawatts" class="mw-redirect" title="Megawatts">megawatts</a>, which is the domestic electricity consumption of about 100,000 people.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the proliferation of these machines, the prefecture is seeking to establish with stakeholders a charter of good conduct for wind turbines. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crafts">Crafts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aude&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Crafts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Crafts" class="mw-redirect" title="Crafts">Crafts</a> are very well represented in Aude with 14.6% of the population involved. Some 5,400 businesses operating in 250 craft professions achieved in the late 1990s an annual turnover of 3 billion francs (400 million Euros).<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demography">Demography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aude&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Demography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The inhabitants of Aude are known as <i>Audois</i>. The 1990 census confirmed a growth in population since the 1960s with about 700 people more per year. This growth is explained by the return of pensioners aged over 60 years to their place of origin and to immigration from the Mediterranean basin.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the last census, the population of Aude represented 0.5% of the French population and 14.1% of the population of Languedoc-Roussillon. It is predominantly rural with a density of 48 inhabitants per km<sup>2</sup>, which is slightly less than half the national average. The two main cities, Carcassonne and Narbonne, are medium-sized cities comprising only one third of the inhabitants of the department. In 2017, the department had 370,260 inhabitants. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1261442011">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:30em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr valign="top"><td style="padding:0 0.5em"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:15em"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1793 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">239,642</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1800 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">225,228</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.88%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1806 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">240,993</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.13%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1821 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">253,194</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.33%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1831 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">270,125</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+0.65%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1836 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">281,080</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.80%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1841 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">284,285</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.23%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1846 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">289,661</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.38%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1851 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">289,747</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.01%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1856 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">282,833</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−0.48%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1861 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">283,606</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.05%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1866 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">288,626</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.35%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1872 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">285,927</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.16%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1876 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">300,065</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.21%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1881 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">327,942</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+1.79%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1886 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">332,080</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.25%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1891 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">317,372</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.90%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1896 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">310,513</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.44%</td></tr></tbody></table></td><td style="padding:0 0.5em;border-left:solid 1px #aaa"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:15em"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1901 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">313,531</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.19%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1906 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">308,327</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−0.33%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1911 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">300,537</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.51%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1921 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">287,052</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.46%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1926 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">291,951</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.34%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1931 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">296,880</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.34%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1936 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">285,115</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−0.81%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1946 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">268,889</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.58%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1954 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">268,254</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.03%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1962 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">269,782</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.07%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1968 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">278,323</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.52%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1975 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">272,366</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−0.31%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1982 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">280,686</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.43%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1990 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">298,712</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.78%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1999 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">309,962</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.41%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2007 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">345,779</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.38%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">2012 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">362,339</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+0.94%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2017 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">370,260</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.43%</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000)"><div class="center"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Notice plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width:100%;margin:0;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align: left;"><div class="mbox-text-span">Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. Updates on reimplementing the Graph extension, which will be known as the Chart extension, can be found on <a class="external text" href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/tag/charts/">Phabricator</a> and on <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Chart" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Chart">MediaWiki.org</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: SPLAF<sup id="cite_ref-splaf_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-splaf-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and INSEE<sup id="cite_ref-pophist_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pophist-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aude&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Two major roads cross the Aude. From west to east the <a href="/wiki/A61_autoroute" title="A61 autoroute">A61 autoroute</a> (Autoroute des Deux Mers) connects <a href="/wiki/Narbonne" title="Narbonne">Narbonne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Toulouse" title="Toulouse">Toulouse</a> via <a href="/wiki/Carcassonne" title="Carcassonne">Carcassonne</a>. From north to south, following the Mediterranean coast, the <a href="/wiki/A9_autoroute" title="A9 autoroute">A9 autoroute</a> links <a href="/wiki/Montpellier" title="Montpellier">Montpellier</a> with Spain. </p><p>The rail network follows the same route as the road network. It is a low speed system, but a project is under way to build a fast line to Spain as part of the <a href="/wiki/Trans-European_Rail_network" title="Trans-European Rail network">Trans-European Rail network</a>. </p><p>Finally, Aude is crossed by the <a href="/wiki/Canal_du_Midi" title="Canal du Midi">Canal du Midi</a> which is a major waterway that allows tourists to pass from the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea. It comes into the west of Aude at <a href="/wiki/Seuil_de_Naurouze" title="Seuil de Naurouze">Seuil de Naurouze</a> then joins the Mediterranean at <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8te" title="Sète">Sète</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aude&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Departmental_Council_of_Aude" title="Departmental Council of Aude">Departmental Council of Aude</a></div><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arrondissements_et_cantons_de_l%27Aude.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Arrondissements_et_cantons_de_l%27Aude.svg/400px-Arrondissements_et_cantons_de_l%27Aude.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="289" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Arrondissements_et_cantons_de_l%27Aude.svg/600px-Arrondissements_et_cantons_de_l%27Aude.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Arrondissements_et_cantons_de_l%27Aude.svg/800px-Arrondissements_et_cantons_de_l%27Aude.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2303" data-file-height="1663" /></a><figcaption>Map of arrondissements and cantons of Aude</figcaption></figure> <p>The people of Aude expressed <a href="/wiki/Royalist" title="Royalist">royalist</a> opinions until the end of the <a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Restoration_in_France" title="Bourbon Restoration in France">Bourbon Restoration</a>. In 1830 <a href="/wiki/Republicanism" title="Republicanism">republican</a> ideas began to develop and made this department a bastion of the <a href="/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">left</a>. This growth is symbolized by two men, <a href="/wiki/Armand_Barb%C3%A8s" title="Armand Barbès">Armand Barbès</a> and Theophile Marcou. Armand Barbès is a symbol of the struggle for a <a href="/wiki/Social_democratic" class="mw-redirect" title="Social democratic">social democratic</a> Republic. </p><p>It was in Aude that <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mitterrand" title="François Mitterrand">François Mitterrand</a> had his highest score in the 1981 presidential election with just over 63% of the vote. </p><p>Only affluent coastal areas surrounding <a href="/wiki/Narbonne" title="Narbonne">Narbonne</a> and the department's prefecture, <a href="/wiki/Carcassonne" title="Carcassonne">Carcassonne</a> give consideration to the right. </p><p>The President of the Departmental Council is Hélène Sandragné of the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(France)" title="Socialist Party (France)">Socialist Party</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_Assembly_Representatives_(before_2022)"><span id="National_Assembly_Representatives_.28before_2022.29"></span>National Assembly Representatives (before 2022)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aude&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: National Assembly Representatives (before 2022)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Constituency</th> <th>Member<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th>Party </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #FFEB00"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aude%27s_1st_constituency" title="Aude's 1st constituency">Aude's 1st constituency</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dani%C3%A8le_H%C3%A9rin" title="Danièle Hérin">Danièle Hérin</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/La_R%C3%A9publique_En_Marche!" class="mw-redirect" title="La République En Marche!">La République En Marche!</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #FFEB00"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aude%27s_2nd_constituency" title="Aude's 2nd constituency">Aude's 2nd constituency</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alain_P%C3%A9r%C3%A9a" title="Alain Péréa">Alain Péréa</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/La_R%C3%A9publique_En_Marche!" class="mw-redirect" title="La République En Marche!">La République En Marche!</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #FFEB00"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aude%27s_3rd_constituency" title="Aude's 3rd constituency">Aude's 3rd constituency</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mireille_Robert" title="Mireille Robert">Mireille Robert</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/La_R%C3%A9publique_En_Marche!" class="mw-redirect" title="La République En Marche!">La République En Marche!</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Party</th> <th>seats </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #E3265B"><span style="color:#fff; font-size:140%;">•</span> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(France)" title="Socialist Party (France)">Socialist Party</a></td> <td align="right">26 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #0051AE"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Union_for_a_Popular_Movement" title="Union for a Popular Movement">Union for a Popular Movement</a></td> <td align="right">4 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #E4002A"><span style="color:#fff; font-size:140%;">•</span> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/French_Communist_Party" title="French Communist Party">French Communist Party</a></td> <td align="right">2 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #F0C200"><span style="color:#fff; font-size:140%;">•</span> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Left_Radical_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Left Radical Party">Left Radical Party</a></td> <td align="right">1 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #FFC0C0"><span style="color:#fff; font-size:140%;">•</span> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Miscellaneous_Left" class="mw-redirect" title="Miscellaneous Left">Miscellaneous Left</a></td> <td align="right">1 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #941318"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Independent_Workers%27_Party" title="Independent Workers' Party">Independent Workers' Party</a></td> <td align="right">1 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aude&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Aude department in 2008 had 364 primary schools (schools of the first degree) serving 30,771 students. <sup id="cite_ref-Montpelier_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Montpelier-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 2000 and 2007, primary school enrollment steadily increased from 28,331 students to 30,491 students<sup id="cite_ref-Montpelier_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Montpelier-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At secondary level, the department had 31 colleges and 17 public and private high schools for about 23,000 students in 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-Montpelier_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Montpelier-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Education in Aude now includes teaching in the <a href="/wiki/Occitan_language" title="Occitan language">Occitan language</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aude&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Festivals_and_traditions">Festivals and traditions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aude&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Festivals and traditions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Carnival_of_Limoux" title="Carnival of Limoux">Carnival of Limoux</a> is an Aude festival which takes place over a period of ten weeks or more. This is one of the longest carnivals in the world. It takes place in the town of <a href="/wiki/Limoux" title="Limoux">Limoux</a> on the Place de la République every weekend from mid-January to the end of March. It is characterized by bands in <a href="/wiki/Pierrot" title="Pierrot">Pierrot</a> costumes (known as <i>les fécos</i>) accompanied by musicians. In the region around Limoux a major celebration of gastronomy known as <i>Toques et Clochers</i> (literally, "Tall Hats & Steeples') organized by the winegrowers from Sieur d'Arques' takes place over the weekend of <a href="/wiki/Palm_Sunday" title="Palm Sunday">Palm Sunday</a>. It permits the sale of a large quantity of wine in order to enhance local patronage. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sport">Sport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aude&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Aude is the land of <a href="/wiki/Rugby_league_in_France" title="Rugby league in France">rugby league</a> (rugby à XIII) with the teams of Limoux, Carcassonne and Lézignan among the elite. <a href="/wiki/Puig_Aubert" title="Puig Aubert">Puig Aubert</a> (1925–1994) was a famous rugby league player who played with AS Carcassonne. There are numerous amateur rugby league clubs dotted all over the area. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_France" title="Rugby union in France">Rugby union</a> (rugby à XV) is also played in Aude. It appeared early in the twentieth century and the US-Quillan club dominated in the late 1920s. Jean Bourrel won the title in 1929 against <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9zignan_Sangliers" class="mw-redirect" title="Lézignan Sangliers">Lézignan</a>. After the Second World War, the Carcassonne team took the lead. Recently, however, rugby union in the Aude has faced an uphill struggle in a sport that has become both globalized and more professional. The Narbonne team (known as Racing Club Narbonne-Mediterranean) has nevertheless managed to develop in the Pro D2 championship. </p><p>Every 15 August, in <a href="/wiki/Quillan" title="Quillan">Quillan</a>, an international cycling competition takes place. This is the oldest of such contests in France. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Tour_de_l%27Aude_Cycliste_F%C3%A9minin" title="Tour de l'Aude Cycliste Féminin">Tour de l'Aude</a> is one of the most important female cycling events in the calendar. It generally takes place in May. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gastronomy">Gastronomy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aude&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Gastronomy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cassoulet_Carcassonne_FRA_001.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Cassoulet_Carcassonne_FRA_001.JPG/220px-Cassoulet_Carcassonne_FRA_001.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Cassoulet_Carcassonne_FRA_001.JPG/330px-Cassoulet_Carcassonne_FRA_001.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Cassoulet_Carcassonne_FRA_001.JPG/440px-Cassoulet_Carcassonne_FRA_001.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2717" data-file-height="2148" /></a><figcaption>Cassoulet as served at Carcassonne</figcaption></figure> <p><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9ginat" class="mw-redirect" title="Fréginat">Fréginat</a></i></span>, a traditional type of fricasee of pork from <a href="/wiki/Corbi%C3%A8res,_Aude" title="Corbières, Aude">Corbières</a>, can be found throughout the department. It is made from pork and pig's liver with a local variety of white beans (Lingots de Castelnaudary) flavoured with garigue herbs. On the coast, eel stew (borrida d’anguilles) is a dish of choice. Finally, the <a href="/wiki/Cassoulet" title="Cassoulet">cassoulet</a> of Castelnaudary, made from white beans and sausage, is a typical dish of the <a href="/wiki/Lauragais" title="Lauragais">Lauragais</a>. </p><p>Other specialties exist such as <a href="/wiki/Oysters" class="mw-redirect" title="Oysters">oysters</a> from <a href="/wiki/Gruissan" title="Gruissan">Gruissan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leucate" title="Leucate">Leucate</a>. <a href="/wiki/Olive_oil" title="Olive oil">Olive oil</a> is also very widespread in the Aude and is a speciality of <a href="/wiki/Bize-Minervois" title="Bize-Minervois">Bize-Minervois</a>. <i>Cartagena</i> is a <a href="/wiki/Liqueur" title="Liqueur">liqueur</a> marketed by some manufacturers. Finally, the <a href="/wiki/Blanquette_de_Limoux" class="mw-redirect" title="Blanquette de Limoux">Blanquette de Limoux</a> is a sparkling white wine popular in the department whose origin dates back to the sixteenth century. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Occitan">Occitan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aude&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Occitan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Occitan_language" title="Occitan language">Occitan</a> is spoken in the Aude in its Languedoc variant. The language emerged during the <a href="/wiki/High_Middle_Ages" title="High Middle Ages">High Middle Ages</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> used in the south of <a href="/wiki/Gaul" title="Gaul">Gaul</a>. </p><p>In Aude, Occitan was rarely used in writing before the 11th century. However, several poets and <a href="/wiki/Troubadours" class="mw-redirect" title="Troubadours">troubadours</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Raimon_de_Miraval" title="Raimon de Miraval">Raimon de Miraval</a> used language based on courtly love<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="Are we supposed to understand "language based on courtly love" to be a euphemism for "Occitan"? (September 2017)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> in the 12th and 13th centuries. In the 14th and 15th centuries, Occitan was used to draw up local administrative documents. In the 16th century, Occitan was used less than royal French, whose use was made compulsory by the edict of <a href="/wiki/Villers-Cotter%C3%AAts" title="Villers-Cotterêts">Villers-Cotterêts</a> in 1539. However, it survived very well among the people until the 19th century, when public schools were established with teaching solely in French. </p><p>In the 1970s and the 1980s, new demands were made for the dignity of the language and for its teaching. Occitan speech reached a wider audience and singers like <a href="/wiki/Claudi_Marti" class="mw-redirect" title="Claudi Marti">Claudi Marti</a>, <i>Mans de Brèish</i>, and <i>La Sauze</i> promoted its use. </p><p>It was in Aude that the first Occitan radio station broadcast in the region of Languedoc-Roussillon: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190806092643/http://lengadoc.eu/">Ràdio Lenga</a> (Occitan) at 95.5 FM. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tourism">Tourism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aude&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Leucate-La_Franqui_(Aude),_view_from_the_cliffs.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Leucate-La_Franqui_%28Aude%29%2C_view_from_the_cliffs.jpg/220px-Leucate-La_Franqui_%28Aude%29%2C_view_from_the_cliffs.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Leucate-La_Franqui_%28Aude%29%2C_view_from_the_cliffs.jpg/330px-Leucate-La_Franqui_%28Aude%29%2C_view_from_the_cliffs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Leucate-La_Franqui_%28Aude%29%2C_view_from_the_cliffs.jpg/440px-Leucate-La_Franqui_%28Aude%29%2C_view_from_the_cliffs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1333" /></a><figcaption>Beach at Leucate-La Franqui</figcaption></figure> <p>Aude is a tourist department with a rich cultural heritage and varied natural sites. Since the 1990s, the Aude has developed the attractiveness of its territory by focusing on the development of the publicity surrounding <a href="/wiki/Catharism" title="Catharism">Catharism</a>. The Aude has been named <i>Cathar Country</i> by the General Council to mark the authentic and mysterious nature of the department, especially with its many <a href="/wiki/Cathar_castles" title="Cathar castles">Cathar castles</a>. </p><p>Tourism is also promoted through a stock of hotel rooms in all categories of 313,500 beds available year-round. Aude estimates the number of tourist overnight stays to be 17.11 million in 2010 with a turnover of 842 million euros providing 5,800 full-time jobs and 9,500 seasonal jobs.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a very limited section of the Orbiel Valley the department has had occasional pollution problems because of its abandoned gold mines (with mercury and arsenic). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Overview_of_tourist_areas">Overview of tourist areas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aude&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Overview of tourist areas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Carcassonne" title="Carcassonne">Carcassonne</a> has been restored to much of its <a href="/wiki/Medieval" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval">medieval</a> appearance. <a href="/wiki/Narbonne" title="Narbonne">Narbonne</a> is a tourist destination due to its <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Roman</a> ruins. Other towns and villages worth visiting include <a href="/wiki/Limoux" title="Limoux">Limoux</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quillan" title="Quillan">Quillan</a>, <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9zignan-Corbi%C3%A8res" title="Lézignan-Corbières">Lézignan-Corbières</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lagrasse" title="Lagrasse">Lagrasse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sigean" title="Sigean">Sigean</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leucate" title="Leucate">Leucate</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Limoux" title="Limoux">Limoux</a> lies in the upper Aude valley, 24 km south of <a href="/wiki/Carcassonne" title="Carcassonne">Carcassonne</a>. It is known for its local wine, <a href="/wiki/Blanquette_de_Limoux" class="mw-redirect" title="Blanquette de Limoux">Blanquette</a>, a sparkling white wine which is said to have been the forerunner of Champagne. Limoux hosts an extensive and varied market each Friday. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Quillan" title="Quillan">Quillan</a> lies 27 km further south in the upper Aude valley and is at the head of the branch railway from <a href="/wiki/Carcassonne" title="Carcassonne">Carcassonne</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9zignan-Corbi%C3%A8res" title="Lézignan-Corbières">Lézignan-Corbières</a> lies on the main road between <a href="/wiki/Carcassonne" title="Carcassonne">Carcassonne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Narbonne" title="Narbonne">Narbonne</a>. It is called the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Corbi%C3%A8res_(AOC)" class="mw-redirect" title="Corbières (AOC)">Corbières</a> and has a Wednesday morning market. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Lagrasse" title="Lagrasse">Lagrasse</a> stands on the <a href="/wiki/Orbieu" title="Orbieu">River Orbieu</a> and has an 8th-century abbey, two very attractive bridges and an unchanged and very compact and delightful medieval stone village centre. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Sigean" title="Sigean">Sigean</a>, 18 km south of <a href="/wiki/Narbonne" title="Narbonne">Narbonne</a>, lies between the <a href="/wiki/A9_autoroute" title="A9 autoroute">A9 autoroute</a> and the coast and has an African <a href="/wiki/Game_reserve" title="Game reserve">Reserve</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Leucate" title="Leucate">Leucate</a> is a hilltop village, about 30 km south of Narbonne, which has spread down to the coast where Leucate Plage is a popular beach resort. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Corbi%C3%A8res_Massif" title="Corbières Massif">Corbières Massif</a> forms the central part of the department. This is an area of dissected plateaux and escarpments which form an effective barrier to direct road communication. It is a very attractive and sometimes wild area of steep hills, hidden valleys, woodland and vines, and contains some of the most memorable <a href="/wiki/Cathar" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathar">Cathar</a> sites including <a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%A9ribus" class="mw-redirect" title="Quéribus">Quéribus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peyrepertuse" title="Peyrepertuse">Peyrepertuse</a> and <a href="/wiki/Villerouge-Termen%C3%A8s" title="Villerouge-Termenès">Villerouge-Termenès</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Lauragais" title="Lauragais">Lauragais</a>, that spreads on both sides of the administrative border between Aude and <a href="/wiki/Haute-Garonne" title="Haute-Garonne">Haute-Garonne</a>, is a historic and cultural area known since the Middle Ages for its abundant agricultural productions. With <a href="/wiki/Castelnaudary" title="Castelnaudary">Castelnaudary</a> as a central and major city, this region is also famous for the role it played during the <a href="/wiki/Albigensian_Crusade" title="Albigensian Crusade">Albigensian Crusade</a> and for its local heritage: <a href="/wiki/Canal_du_Midi" title="Canal du Midi">Canal du Midi</a> and its springs, abbeys and churches, castles, disk-shaped steles, dovecotes, windmills, bastides, etc. </p><p>Wine production is extensive across Aude, and local chateaux and domaines provide free tastings as well as sales of wine and other local produce. With the decline of some local wine production, local government policy is now to attract more tourists to the area, and to assist with this the Corbières area is now labelled on maps and road signs as <a href="/wiki/Cathar" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathar">Cathar</a> country. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architectural_heritage">Architectural heritage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aude&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Architectural heritage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Aude has about fifteen <a href="/wiki/Bastides" class="mw-redirect" title="Bastides">bastides</a> which were built after the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Meaux" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Meaux">Treaty of Meaux</a> in 1229 when the region was attached to the <a href="/wiki/Capetian_dynasty" title="Capetian dynasty">Capetian</a> crown of France. The bastide is a type of town based on a grid created in one building project on a greenfield site. The purpose of such construction was to weaken the local lords and attract people to new economic centres. These bastides came into competition with fortified villages based on ecclesiastical or seigneurial power. <a href="/wiki/Chalabre" title="Chalabre">Chalabre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Camps-sur-l%27Agly" title="Camps-sur-l'Agly">Camps-sur-l'Agly</a> and the Bastide Saint-Louis in Carcassonne are examples of bastides in the Aude. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:190608_Burg-Puilaurens_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/190608_Burg-Puilaurens_01.jpg/220px-190608_Burg-Puilaurens_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/190608_Burg-Puilaurens_01.jpg/330px-190608_Burg-Puilaurens_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/190608_Burg-Puilaurens_01.jpg/440px-190608_Burg-Puilaurens_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Puilaurens Castle</figcaption></figure> <p>The department has many castles that have been developed by the General Council of the Aude to stimulate tourism. The fortresses are often located on rocky peaks, such as the castles of Quéribus and <a href="/wiki/Lastours" title="Lastours">Lastours</a>, which gave them a strategic position. The city of Carcassonne was the logistical hub of the country at the time of conflict with the Kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Aragon" title="Aragon">Aragon</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fontfroide,_Arbeitshof.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Fontfroide%2C_Arbeitshof.jpg/220px-Fontfroide%2C_Arbeitshof.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Fontfroide%2C_Arbeitshof.jpg/330px-Fontfroide%2C_Arbeitshof.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Fontfroide%2C_Arbeitshof.jpg/440px-Fontfroide%2C_Arbeitshof.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fontfroide_Abbey" title="Fontfroide Abbey">Fontfroide Abbey</a>, Tourism highlight of Aude</figcaption></figure> <p>Many abbeys exist throughout the department of Aude. The best known are <a href="/wiki/Fontfroide_Abbey" title="Fontfroide Abbey">Fontfroide Abbey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lagrasse_Abbey" title="Lagrasse Abbey">Lagrasse Abbey</a>, the abbey of Sainte-Marie <a href="/wiki/Villelongue-d%27Aude" title="Villelongue-d'Aude">Villelongue-d'Aude</a>, and the Abbey of <a href="/wiki/Saint-Hilaire,_Aude" title="Saint-Hilaire, Aude">Saint-Hilaire</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Narbonne_Cathedral" title="Narbonne Cathedral">Narbonne Cathedral</a> is a remarkable Gothic cathedral and remains unfinished. It is a symbol of the French presence in <a href="/wiki/Languedoc" title="Languedoc">Languedoc</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Caving">Caving</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aude&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Caving"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Aude has many caves suitable for <a href="/wiki/Speleology" title="Speleology">speleological exploration</a>. The <i>Pays de Sault</i> consists of one of the largest limestone areas of the Pyrenees. This geology lends itself to the formation of cavities and there are many 'barrencs' (the local name for <a href="/wiki/Pit_cave" title="Pit cave">Pit caves</a>). This plateau is home to a cave, the TM71, which is a superb cavity classified as a natural reserve since 1987. This is unique in France. </p><p>Other natural cavities of the Aude contain <a href="/wiki/Concretions" class="mw-redirect" title="Concretions">concretions</a> like the Pit cave of <a href="/wiki/Cabrespine" title="Cabrespine">Cabrespine</a>, the Aguzou Grotto, and the grotto of <a href="/wiki/Limousis" title="Limousis">Limousis</a>. The latter contains the largest block of <a href="/wiki/Aragonite" title="Aragonite">aragonite</a> yet discovered. In the Massif of Corbières on the plateau of Lacamp there are cavities formed by <a href="/wiki/Detritus_(geology)" title="Detritus (geology)">detrital rocks</a> (<a href="/wiki/Marls" class="mw-redirect" title="Marls">marls</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clays" class="mw-redirect" title="Clays">clays</a> and <a href="/wiki/Puddingstone_(rock)" title="Puddingstone (rock)">puddingstone</a>) carved by <a href="/wiki/Erosion" title="Erosion">erosion</a>. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Narbonne_Cathedrale_Saint_Just_et_Saint_Pasteur.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Narbonne"><img alt="Narbonne" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Narbonne_Cathedrale_Saint_Just_et_Saint_Pasteur.jpg/120px-Narbonne_Cathedrale_Saint_Just_et_Saint_Pasteur.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Narbonne_Cathedrale_Saint_Just_et_Saint_Pasteur.jpg/180px-Narbonne_Cathedrale_Saint_Just_et_Saint_Pasteur.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Narbonne_Cathedrale_Saint_Just_et_Saint_Pasteur.jpg/240px-Narbonne_Cathedrale_Saint_Just_et_Saint_Pasteur.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8225" data-file-height="6212" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Narbonne" title="Narbonne">Narbonne</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Castelnaudary_bassin_canal.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Castelnaudary"><img alt="Castelnaudary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Castelnaudary_bassin_canal.jpg/120px-Castelnaudary_bassin_canal.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Castelnaudary_bassin_canal.jpg/180px-Castelnaudary_bassin_canal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Castelnaudary_bassin_canal.jpg/240px-Castelnaudary_bassin_canal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Castelnaudary" title="Castelnaudary">Castelnaudary</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:France-Lagrasse-Village_et_Pont_Vieux_-_2005-12-27.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lagrasse"><img alt="Lagrasse" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/France-Lagrasse-Village_et_Pont_Vieux_-_2005-12-27.jpg/120px-France-Lagrasse-Village_et_Pont_Vieux_-_2005-12-27.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/France-Lagrasse-Village_et_Pont_Vieux_-_2005-12-27.jpg/180px-France-Lagrasse-Village_et_Pont_Vieux_-_2005-12-27.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/France-Lagrasse-Village_et_Pont_Vieux_-_2005-12-27.jpg/240px-France-Lagrasse-Village_et_Pont_Vieux_-_2005-12-27.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Lagrasse" title="Lagrasse">Lagrasse</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Secondary_housing">Secondary housing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aude&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Secondary housing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to INSEE as of 2017<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aude&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> 25.4% of available housing in Aude consisted of secondary residences.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following table indicates the main communes in Aude (population more than 2,000) where second homes or occasional residences comprise more than 10% of total housing.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Communes with more than 10% Secondary Residences (2017)</b> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align:left">Town </th> <th style="text-align:left">Population<sup id="cite_ref-pop2017_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pop2017-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th style="text-align:left">Number of homes </th> <th style="text-align:left">Second homes </th> <th style="text-align:left">% second homes </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Leucate" title="Leucate">Leucate</a> </td> <td><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0 0</span>4,428 </td> <td><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>16,240 </td> <td><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>13,662 </td> <td>84.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Gruissan" title="Gruissan">Gruissan</a> </td> <td><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0 0</span>5,000 </td> <td><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>13,133 </td> <td><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>10,492 </td> <td>79.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Fleury,_Aude" title="Fleury, Aude">Fleury</a> </td> <td><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0 0</span>3,825 </td> <td><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0 0</span>9,910 </td> <td><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0 0</span>7,761 </td> <td>78.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Port-la-Nouvelle" title="Port-la-Nouvelle">Port-la-Nouvelle</a> </td> <td><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0 0</span>5,567 </td> <td><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0 0</span>7,514 </td> <td><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0 0</span>4,546 </td> <td>60.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Sigean" title="Sigean">Sigean</a> </td> <td><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0 0</span>5,477 </td> <td><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0 0</span>3,485 </td> <td><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0 0 0</span>635 </td> <td>18.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Quillan" title="Quillan">Quillan</a> </td> <td><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0 0</span>3,258 </td> <td><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0 0</span>2,697 </td> <td><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0 0 0</span>462 </td> <td>17.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Ouveillan" title="Ouveillan">Ouveillan</a> </td> <td><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0 0</span>2,463 </td> <td><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0 0</span>1,389 </td> <td><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0 0 0</span>229 </td> <td>16.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Narbonne" title="Narbonne">Narbonne</a> </td> <td><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>54,700 </td> <td><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>36,842 </td> <td><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0 0</span>5,679 </td> <td>15.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Salles-d%27Aude" title="Salles-d'Aude">Salles-d'Aude</a> </td> <td><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0 0</span>3,255 </td> <td><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0 0</span>1,767 </td> <td><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0 0 0</span>261 </td> <td>14.8% </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arts">Arts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aude&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Arts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cinema">Cinema</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aude&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Cinema"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The diversity of the landscape, its authenticity, and the uniqueness of its monuments have attracted many filmmakers. Thus, the city of <a href="/wiki/Carcassonne" title="Carcassonne">Carcassonne</a> has been the setting for many films. The excellent state of preservation of this city offers an outstanding setting for historical films. In 1908 filmmakers abandoned scenery on canvas and <a href="/wiki/Louis_Feuillade" title="Louis Feuillade">Louis Feuillade</a> filmed in front of the city towers for the <i>Return of the cross</i>, <i>Engagement oath</i>, and <i>Enchanted guitar</i>. In 1924 major films were produced such as <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Miracle_des_loups_(1924_film)" title="Le Miracle des loups (1924 film)">Le Miracle des Loups</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Bernard_(filmmaker)" title="Raymond Bernard (filmmaker)">Raymond Bernard</a>. In 1928 for the two thousandth anniversary of the city of Carcassonne, <a href="/wiki/Jean_Renoir" title="Jean Renoir">Jean Renoir</a> made <i>Le Tournoi dans la cité</i>. In 1965 the city of Carcassonne appeared in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sucker" title="The Sucker">The Sucker</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Gerard_Oury" class="mw-redirect" title="Gerard Oury">Gerard Oury</a>. In 1968 <i><a href="/wiki/The_Little_Bather" title="The Little Bather">The Little Bather</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Dh%C3%A9ry" title="Robert Dhéry">Robert Dhéry</a> (with <a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Fun%C3%A8s" title="Louis de Funès">Louis de Funès</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michel_Galabru" title="Michel Galabru">Michel Galabru</a>) shot at <i>Cabanes de Fleury</i> (at the mouth of the Aude). </p><p>More recently, the Count's castle in the city was the setting for <i><a href="/wiki/The_Visitors_(1972_film)" title="The Visitors (1972 film)">The Visitors</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Poire" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean-Marie Poire">Jean-Marie Poire</a> in 1972, while the <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Puivert" title="Château de Puivert">Château de Puivert</a> was used in <i>La Passion Béatrice</i> by <a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Tavernier" title="Bertrand Tavernier">Bertrand Tavernier</a> in 1987, and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Ninth_Gate" title="The Ninth Gate">The Ninth Gate</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Roman_Polanski" title="Roman Polanski">Roman Polanski</a> in 1999. The Beach at <a href="/wiki/Gruissan" title="Gruissan">Gruissan</a> is present in <a href="/wiki/Betty_Blue" title="Betty Blue">Betty Blue</a> by <a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Beineix" title="Jean-Jacques Beineix">Jean-Jacques Beineix</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Painters">Painters</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aude&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Painters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As for the cinema, it is the city of Carcassonne which attracts the greatest painters. Jacques Ourtal is the one who painted most of the city in trying to depict the city in different eras. Originally from <a href="/wiki/Fontiers-Cabard%C3%A8s" title="Fontiers-Cabardès">Fontiers-Cabardès</a>, the Aude painter <i>Eugène Pech</i> has created paintings of the city many times which are today scattered in various public and private collections. The four eras of the city can still be found in settings for "The City Hall". </p><p>Another Aude artist, Marie-Louise Petiet, is known for her transcriptions of scenes of popular life such as <i>La marchande d'oranges</i> (The Orange Seller) or <i>La jeune fille aux oies</i> (The young girl and the geese). Several of her works are visible at the Petiet Museum in Limoux. <i>Les blanchisseuses</i> (The Laundresses) depicting a laundry lesson is particularly remarkable and well-known. Finally, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Sibra" title="Paul Sibra">Paul Sibra</a>, an expert in landscape-painting, nicknamed "<i>le peintre du Lauragais</i>", produced thousands of paintings and drawings of scenes from or based on the rural life of the people of <i>Lauragais</i> in the 1940s. </p><p>Achilles Laugé (born 1861 in Arzens, died 1944 in Cailhau), misunderstood because of his pointillist technique, was able to show the dawning of spring especially with the <a href="/wiki/Broom_(shrub)" class="mw-redirect" title="Broom (shrub)">broom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Almond" title="Almond">almond</a> trees in bloom. </p><p>Another artist, Lina Bill (Louis Bonnot), born at <a href="/wiki/Gruissan" title="Gruissan">Gruissan</a> in 1855 and died in <a href="/wiki/Avignon" title="Avignon">Avignon</a> in 1936, painted Provence and the Mediterranean (museums of <a href="/wiki/Narbonne" title="Narbonne">Narbonne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carcassonne" title="Carcassonne">Carcassonne</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Orsay" title="Musée d'Orsay">Musée d'Orsay</a> in Paris). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aude&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Varro_Atacinus" title="Varro Atacinus">Publius Terentius Varro Atacinus</a> (82-37 BC), Roman epic poet.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Prudent" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Prudent">Saint Prudent</a> (3rd century), Archbishop of Narbonne and martyr</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Sebastian" title="Saint Sebastian">Saint Sebastian</a> (3rd century AD), Christian martyr, according to legend from <a href="/wiki/Gallia_Narbonensis" title="Gallia Narbonensis">Gallia Narbonensis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ermengarde,_Viscountess_of_Narbonne" title="Ermengarde, Viscountess of Narbonne">Ermengarde de Narbonne</a> (1127–1196), Vicountess of Narbonne</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabre_d%27%C3%89glantine" title="Fabre d'Églantine">Fabre d'Eglantine</a> (1750–1794), composer, actor, playwright, and politician, guillotined during the <a href="/wiki/Reign_of_Terror" title="Reign of Terror">Terror</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Barthe" title="Félix Barthe">Félix Barthe</a> (1795–1863), Minister of Education and Religious Affairs, Minister of Justice, and first president of the Court of Auditors</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Cros" title="Charles Cros">Charles Cros</a> (1842–1888), poet and scientist, he originated the process of colour photography and the phonograph</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcelin_Albert" title="Marcelin Albert">Marcelin Albert</a> (1851–1921), leader of the revolt of the wine growers in 1907</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosper_Montagn%C3%A9" title="Prosper Montagné">Prosper Montagné</a> (1865–1948), chef, author of numerous books on gastronomy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Blum" title="Léon Blum">Léon Blum</a> (1872–1950), politician, Member of Parliament for Narbonne who became Prime Minister in 1936</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Barthas" title="Louis Barthas">Louis Barthas</a> (1879–1952), cooper, author, and veteran of WWI</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_de_Monfreid" title="Henry de Monfreid">Henri de Monfreid</a> (1879–1974), adventurer and writer, author of numerous books including the Secrets of the Red Sea</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Alibert" title="Louis Alibert">Loís Alibèrt</a> (1884–1959) Occitan linguist, notable author of a grammar and a dictionary based on classical standard Occitan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Reverdy" title="Pierre Reverdy">Pierre Reverdy</a> (1889–1960), writer, a precursor of <a href="/wiki/Surrealism" title="Surrealism">surrealism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Delteil" title="Joseph Delteil">Joseph Delteil</a> (1894–1978) writer from <a href="/wiki/Pieusse" title="Pieusse">Pieusse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%AB_Bousquet" title="Joë Bousquet">Joë Bousquet</a> (1897–1950), poet and surrealist writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Ich%C3%A9" title="René Iché">René Iché</a> (1897–1954), modern sculptor and <a href="/wiki/French_R%C3%A9sistance" class="mw-redirect" title="French Résistance">French Résistance</a> fighter during WWII.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Peyrefitte" title="Roger Peyrefitte">Roger Peyrefitte</a> (1907–2000) writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Trenet" title="Charles Trenet">Charles Trenet</a> (1913–2001), singer and poet born at Narbonne, famous for the song <a href="/wiki/La_Mer_(song)" title="La Mer (song)">La Mer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Cau_(writer)" title="Jean Cau (writer)">Jean Cau</a> (1925–1993), writer, columnist, journalist, born in <a href="/wiki/Bram,_Aude" title="Bram, Aude">Bram</a>, he was secretary for <a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Sartre" title="Jean-Paul Sartre">Jean-Paul Sartre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Schivardi" title="Gérard Schivardi">Gérard Schivardi</a> (1950–), Mayor of Mailhac, candidate in the French Presidential election of 2007</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivia_Ruiz" title="Olivia Ruiz">Olivia Ruiz</a> (1980–), singer, born in Carcassonne</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitri_Szarzewski" title="Dimitri Szarzewski">Dimitri Szarzewski</a> (1983–), Hooker on the French Rugby Union Team</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camille_Lacourt" title="Camille Lacourt">Camille Lacourt</a> (1985–), swimmer, born in Narbonne</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanghero_(surname)" title="Spanghero (surname)">Spanghero Family</a>, famous Rugby Union players, who began their careers at RC Narbonne</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Didier_Codorniou" title="Didier Codorniou">Didier Codorniou</a>, former international rugby player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A9d%C3%A9e_Domenech" title="Amédée Domenech">Amédée Domenech</a>, former international rugby player</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aude&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Raz%C3%A8s" title="County of Razès">County of Razès</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_the_Aude_department" title="Cantons of the Aude department">Cantons of the Aude department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communes_of_the_Aude_department" title="Communes of the Aude department">Communes of the Aude department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrondissements_of_the_Aude_department" title="Arrondissements of the Aude department">Arrondissements of the Aude department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Aude" title="Diocese of Aude">Diocese of Aude</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aude&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/601ef073-d986-4582-8e1a-ed14dc857fba">"Répertoire national des élus: les conseillers départementaux"</a>. <i>data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises</i> (in French). 4 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=data.gouv.fr%2C+Plateforme+ouverte+des+donn%C3%A9es+publiques+fran%C3%A7aises&rft.atitle=R%C3%A9pertoire+national+des+%C3%A9lus%3A+les+conseillers+d%C3%A9partementaux&rft.date=2022-05-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.data.gouv.fr%2Ffr%2Fdatasets%2Fr%2F601ef073-d986-4582-8e1a-ed14dc857fba&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAude" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-popref2022-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-popref2022_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8290669">"Populations de référence 2022"</a> (in French). <a href="/wiki/Institut_national_de_la_statistique_et_des_%C3%A9tudes_%C3%A9conomiques" title="Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques">The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies</a>. 19 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Populations+de+r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence+2022&rft.pub=The+National+Institute+of+Statistics+and+Economic+Studies&rft.date=2024-12-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insee.fr%2Ffr%2Fstatistiques%2F8290669&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAude" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sandre-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sandre_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSandre" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Service_d%27administration_nationale_des_donn%C3%A9es_et_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rentiels_sur_l%27eau" class="mw-redirect" title="Service d'administration nationale des données et référentiels sur l'eau">Sandre</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sandre.eaufrance.fr/geo/CoursEau_Carthage2017/Y1--0200">"Fiche cours d'eau - L'Aude (Y1--0200)"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fiche+cours+d%27eau+-+L%27Aude+%28Y1--0200%29&rft.au=Sandre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sandre.eaufrance.fr%2Fgeo%2FCoursEau_Carthage2017%2FY1--0200&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAude" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pop2019-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pop2019_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pop2019_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/6011060/dep11.pdf">Populations légales 2019: 11 Aude</a>, INSEE</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lameteo.org/index.php/climatologie/1549-normales-climatiques-1981-2010-paris">Paris</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lameteo.org/index.php/climatologie/1543-normales-climatiques-1981-2010-nice">Nice</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lameteo.org/index.php/climatologie/1658-normales-climatiques-1981-2010-strasbourg">Strasbourg</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lameteo.org/index.php/climatologie/1586-normales-climatiques-1981-2010-brest">Brest</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lameteo.org/index.php/climatologie/1589-normales-climatiques-1981-2010-carcassonne">Data from the Station at Carcassonne</a> from 1981 to 2010 <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Discovery made in July 1971 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tautavel.com/tau-5000.php?CatID=21&ArtID=11">See the Tautavel site</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090307162403/http://www.tautavel.com/tau-5000.php?CatID=21&ArtID=11">Archived</a> 7 March 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/2011101?geo=DEP-11">Dossier complet, Emplois selon le secteur d'activité</a>, <a href="/wiki/INSEE" class="mw-redirect" title="INSEE">INSEE</a> <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aude.pref.gouv.fr/Present1.asp#a3">Economy of the Aude</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100528133111/http://www.aude.pref.gouv.fr/Present1.asp#a3">Archived</a> 28 May 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> on the préfecture of Aude website <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Source dated 7 March 2006: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aude.pref.gouv.fr/actualite/eolien/ppe.asp">Préfecture of Aude</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090822205825/http://www.aude.pref.gouv.fr/actualite/eolien/ppe.asp">Archived</a> 22 August 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Data source is prefecture of Aude <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aude.pref.gouv.fr/Present1.asp">Presentation on Aude</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100528133111/http://www.aude.pref.gouv.fr/Present1.asp">Archived</a> 28 May 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aude.gouv.fr/">"AUDE"</a>. <i>aude.gouv.fr</i>. 13 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=aude.gouv.fr&rft.atitle=AUDE&rft.date=2022-05-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aude.gouv.fr%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAude" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-splaf-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-splaf_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://splaf.free.fr/11his.html">Historique de l'Aude</a>, SPLAF</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pophist-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pophist_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4515315?geo=DEP-11">Population en historique depuis 1968</a>, INSEE</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNationale" class="citation web cs1">Nationale, Assemblée. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/">"Assemblée nationale ~ Les députés, le vote de la loi, le Parlement français"</a>. <i>Assemblée nationale</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Assembl%C3%A9e+nationale&rft.atitle=Assembl%C3%A9e+nationale+~+Les+d%C3%A9put%C3%A9s%2C+le+vote+de+la+loi%2C+le+Parlement+fran%C3%A7ais&rft.aulast=Nationale&rft.aufirst=Assembl%C3%A9e&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.assemblee-nationale.fr%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAude" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Montpelier-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Montpelier_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Montpelier_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Montpelier_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ac-montpellier.fr/ia11/scolarite/1erdegre.htm">Academic inspection of the Aude</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110720204223/http://www.ac-montpellier.fr/ia11/scolarite/1erdegre.htm">Archived</a> 20 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, accessed 25 June 2009, Ac-montpellier.fr, accessed 16 August 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cg11.fr/www/contenu/d_tourisme.asp">General Council of Aude</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110514065500/http://www.cg11.fr/www/contenu/d_tourisme.asp">Archived</a> 14 May 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://statistiques-locales.insee.fr/#bbox=159546,5397722,229588,154528&c=indicator&i=bdcom.pt_log_rsecocc&s=2017&selcodgeo=11&view=map2">Part des résidences secondaires (y compris les logements occasionnels) dans le nombre total de logements (%)</a> <a href="/wiki/INSEE" class="mw-redirect" title="INSEE">INSEE</a> <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4515532?sommaire=4516107">Logements et résidences principales en 2017</a>, figures as at 1 January 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pop2017-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pop2017_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/4265429/ensemble.pdf">Téléchargement du fichier d'ensemble des populations légales en 2017</a>, <a href="/wiki/Institut_national_de_la_statistique_et_des_%C3%A9tudes_%C3%A9conomiques" title="Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques">INSEE</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Varro, Publius Terentius"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Varro,_Publius_Terentius">"Varro, Publius Terentius" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 27 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 924.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Varro%2C+Publius+Terentius&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=924&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAude" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDelehaye1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hippolyte_Delehaye" title="Hippolyte Delehaye">Delehaye, Hippolyte</a> (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Sebastian, St"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Sebastian,_St">"Sebastian, St" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 24 (11th ed.).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sebastian%2C+St&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Delehaye&rft.aufirst=Hippolyte&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAude" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Fabre d'Églantine, Philippe François Nazaire"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Fabre_d%27%C3%89glantine,_Philippe_Fran%C3%A7ois_Nazaire">"Fabre d'Églantine, Philippe François Nazaire" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 118.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Fabre+d%27%C3%89glantine%2C+Philippe+Fran%C3%A7ois+Nazaire&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=118&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAude" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aude&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>The Colours of Aude</i>, André Authier and Jean-Philippe Vidal, Pélican <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-7191-0630-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-7191-0630-3">978-2-7191-0630-3</a> <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></li> <li><i>Aude from prehistory to today</i>, Jacques Crémadeilis, Saint-Jean-d’Angély, 1989, 430 p. <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></li> <li><i>Aude People: biographical dictionary</i>, Rémy Cazals and Daniel Fabre, Carcassonne, Association des Amis des Archives de l’Aude, Société d’études scientifiques de l’Aude, 1990, 347 p. <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110718115942/http://recherche.univ-montp3.fr/cercam/article.php3?id_article=412">Michel Gayraud</a>, <i>Narbonne ancient origins at the end of the 3rd century</i>. Paris, De Boccard, Revue archéologique de Narbonnaise, Supplément 8, 1981, 591 p. <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></li> <li><i>History of Narbonne</i>, Jacques Michaud and André Cabanis, Toulouse, Privat, 2004, 330 p. <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></li> <li><i>Aude, Cathar Country</i>, collective work, Guides Gallimard, 2004 <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></li> <li>Bilotte M. et Al., <i>Géology of the Department of Aude</i>, Société d'études scientifiques de l'Aude, 1989 <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></li> <li><i>I write to you of Carcassonne</i>, Claude Marti and Patrice Cartier, Du Mont, 2011 <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aude&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of the <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> (9th ed.) article <i><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica,_Ninth_Edition/Aude" class="extiw" title="s:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Aude">Aude</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aude.fr/">Departmental council website</a> <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aude.gouv.fr/">Prefecture website</a> <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101103053449/http://www.audetourisme.com/en/index.php">Aude official tourism website</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://alize2.finances.gouv.fr/communes/eneuro/RDep.php?dep=011&type=BPS&lettre=A">Department of Aude Accounts for the communes and groupings</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged October 2018">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup>: – Individual Data Principle budget only, Consolidated data in principle budget and annexes</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Departments_of_France" title="Template:Departments of France"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Departments_of_France" title="Template talk:Departments of France"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Departments_of_France" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Departments of France"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Departments_of_France193" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">Departments of France</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">Metropolitan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>01 <a href="/wiki/Ain" title="Ain">Ain</a></li> <li>02 <a href="/wiki/Aisne" title="Aisne">Aisne</a></li> <li>03 <a href="/wiki/Allier" title="Allier">Allier</a></li> <li>04 <a href="/wiki/Alpes-de-Haute-Provence" title="Alpes-de-Haute-Provence">Alpes-de-Haute-Provence</a></li> <li>05 <a href="/wiki/Hautes-Alpes" title="Hautes-Alpes">Hautes-Alpes</a></li> <li>06 <a href="/wiki/Alpes-Maritimes" title="Alpes-Maritimes">Alpes-Maritimes</a></li> <li>07 <a href="/wiki/Ard%C3%A8che" title="Ardèche">Ardèche</a></li> <li>08 <a href="/wiki/Ardennes_(department)" title="Ardennes (department)">Ardennes</a></li> <li>09 <a href="/wiki/Ari%C3%A8ge_(department)" title="Ariège (department)">Ariège</a></li> <li>10 <a href="/wiki/Aube" title="Aube">Aube</a></li> <li>11 <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Aude</a></li> <li>12 <a href="/wiki/Aveyron" title="Aveyron">Aveyron</a></li> <li>13 <a href="/wiki/Bouches-du-Rh%C3%B4ne" title="Bouches-du-Rhône">Bouches-du-Rhône</a></li> <li>14 <a href="/wiki/Calvados_(department)" title="Calvados (department)">Calvados</a></li> <li>15 <a href="/wiki/Cantal" title="Cantal">Cantal</a></li> <li>16 <a href="/wiki/Charente" title="Charente">Charente</a></li> <li>17 <a href="/wiki/Charente-Maritime" title="Charente-Maritime">Charente-Maritime</a></li> <li>18 <a href="/wiki/Cher_(department)" title="Cher (department)">Cher</a></li> <li>19 <a href="/wiki/Corr%C3%A8ze" title="Corrèze">Corrèze</a></li> <li>2A <a href="/wiki/Corse-du-Sud" title="Corse-du-Sud">Corse-du-Sud</a></li> <li>2B <a href="/wiki/Haute-Corse" title="Haute-Corse">Haute-Corse</a></li> <li>21 <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4te-d%27Or" title="Côte-d'Or">Côte-d'Or</a></li> <li>22 <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4tes-d%27Armor" title="Côtes-d'Armor">Côtes-d'Armor</a></li> <li>23 <a href="/wiki/Creuse" title="Creuse">Creuse</a></li> <li>24 <a href="/wiki/Dordogne" title="Dordogne">Dordogne</a></li> <li>25 <a href="/wiki/Doubs" title="Doubs">Doubs</a></li> <li>26 <a href="/wiki/Dr%C3%B4me" title="Drôme">Drôme</a></li> <li>27 <a href="/wiki/Eure" title="Eure">Eure</a></li> <li>28 <a href="/wiki/Eure-et-Loir" title="Eure-et-Loir">Eure-et-Loir</a></li> <li>29 <a href="/wiki/Finist%C3%A8re" title="Finistère">Finistère</a></li> <li>30 <a href="/wiki/Gard" title="Gard">Gard</a></li> <li>31 <a href="/wiki/Haute-Garonne" title="Haute-Garonne">Haute-Garonne</a></li> <li>32 <a href="/wiki/Gers" title="Gers">Gers</a></li> <li>33 <a href="/wiki/Gironde" title="Gironde">Gironde</a></li> <li>34 <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9rault" title="Hérault">Hérault</a></li> <li>35 <a href="/wiki/Ille-et-Vilaine" title="Ille-et-Vilaine">Ille-et-Vilaine</a></li> <li>36 <a href="/wiki/Indre" title="Indre">Indre</a></li> <li>37 <a href="/wiki/Indre-et-Loire" title="Indre-et-Loire">Indre-et-Loire</a></li> <li>38 <a href="/wiki/Is%C3%A8re" title="Isère">Isère</a></li> <li>39 <a href="/wiki/Jura_(department)" title="Jura (department)">Jura</a></li> <li>40 <a href="/wiki/Landes_(department)" title="Landes (department)">Landes</a></li> <li>41 <a href="/wiki/Loir-et-Cher" title="Loir-et-Cher">Loir-et-Cher</a></li> <li>42 <a href="/wiki/Loire_(department)" title="Loire (department)">Loire</a></li> <li>43 <a href="/wiki/Haute-Loire" title="Haute-Loire">Haute-Loire</a></li> <li>44 <a href="/wiki/Loire-Atlantique" title="Loire-Atlantique">Loire-Atlantique</a></li> <li>45 <a href="/wiki/Loiret" title="Loiret">Loiret</a></li> <li>46 <a href="/wiki/Lot_(department)" title="Lot (department)">Lot</a></li> <li>47 <a href="/wiki/Lot-et-Garonne" title="Lot-et-Garonne">Lot-et-Garonne</a></li> <li>48 <a href="/wiki/Loz%C3%A8re" title="Lozère">Lozère</a></li> <li>49 <a href="/wiki/Maine-et-Loire" title="Maine-et-Loire">Maine-et-Loire</a></li> <li>50 <a href="/wiki/Manche" title="Manche">Manche</a></li> <li>51 <a href="/wiki/Marne_(department)" title="Marne (department)">Marne</a></li> <li>52 <a href="/wiki/Haute-Marne" title="Haute-Marne">Haute-Marne</a></li> <li>53 <a href="/wiki/Mayenne" title="Mayenne">Mayenne</a></li> <li>54 <a href="/wiki/Meurthe-et-Moselle" title="Meurthe-et-Moselle">Meurthe-et-Moselle</a></li> <li>55 <a href="/wiki/Meuse_(department)" title="Meuse (department)">Meuse</a></li> <li>56 <a href="/wiki/Morbihan" title="Morbihan">Morbihan</a></li> <li>57 <a href="/wiki/Moselle_(department)" title="Moselle (department)">Moselle</a></li> <li>58 <a href="/wiki/Ni%C3%A8vre" title="Nièvre">Nièvre</a></li> <li>59 <a href="/wiki/Nord_(French_department)" title="Nord (French department)">Nord</a></li> <li>60 <a href="/wiki/Oise" title="Oise">Oise</a></li> <li>61 <a href="/wiki/Orne" title="Orne">Orne</a></li> <li>62 <a href="/wiki/Pas-de-Calais" title="Pas-de-Calais">Pas-de-Calais</a></li> <li>63 <a href="/wiki/Puy-de-D%C3%B4me" title="Puy-de-Dôme">Puy-de-Dôme</a></li> <li>64 <a href="/wiki/Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Atlantiques" title="Pyrénées-Atlantiques">Pyrénées-Atlantiques</a></li> <li>65 <a href="/wiki/Hautes-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es" title="Hautes-Pyrénées">Hautes-Pyrénées</a></li> <li>66 <a href="/wiki/Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Orientales" title="Pyrénées-Orientales">Pyrénées-Orientales</a></li> <li>67 <a href="/wiki/Bas-Rhin" title="Bas-Rhin">Bas-Rhin</a></li> <li>68 <a href="/wiki/Haut-Rhin" title="Haut-Rhin">Haut-Rhin</a></li> <li>69D <a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%B4ne_(department)" title="Rhône (department)">Rhône</a></li> <li>70 <a href="/wiki/Haute-Sa%C3%B4ne" title="Haute-Saône">Haute-Saône</a></li> <li>71 <a href="/wiki/Sa%C3%B4ne-et-Loire" title="Saône-et-Loire">Saône-et-Loire</a></li> <li>72 <a href="/wiki/Sarthe" title="Sarthe">Sarthe</a></li> <li>73 <a href="/wiki/Savoie" title="Savoie">Savoie</a></li> <li>74 <a href="/wiki/Haute-Savoie" title="Haute-Savoie">Haute-Savoie</a></li> <li>76 <a href="/wiki/Seine-Maritime" title="Seine-Maritime">Seine-Maritime</a></li> <li>77 <a href="/wiki/Seine-et-Marne" title="Seine-et-Marne">Seine-et-Marne</a></li> <li>78 <a href="/wiki/Yvelines" title="Yvelines">Yvelines</a></li> <li>79 <a href="/wiki/Deux-S%C3%A8vres" title="Deux-Sèvres">Deux-Sèvres</a></li> <li>80 <a href="/wiki/Somme_(department)" title="Somme (department)">Somme</a></li> <li>81 <a href="/wiki/Tarn_(department)" title="Tarn (department)">Tarn</a></li> <li>82 <a href="/wiki/Tarn-et-Garonne" title="Tarn-et-Garonne">Tarn-et-Garonne</a></li> <li>83 <a href="/wiki/Var_(department)" title="Var (department)">Var</a></li> <li>84 <a href="/wiki/Vaucluse" title="Vaucluse">Vaucluse</a></li> <li>85 <a href="/wiki/Vend%C3%A9e" title="Vendée">Vendée</a></li> <li>86 <a href="/wiki/Vienne_(department)" title="Vienne (department)">Vienne</a></li> <li>87 <a href="/wiki/Haute-Vienne" title="Haute-Vienne">Haute-Vienne</a></li> <li>88 <a href="/wiki/Vosges_(department)" title="Vosges (department)">Vosges</a></li> <li>89 <a href="/wiki/Yonne" title="Yonne">Yonne</a></li> <li>90 <a href="/wiki/Territoire_de_Belfort" title="Territoire de Belfort">Territoire de Belfort</a></li> <li>91 <a href="/wiki/Essonne" title="Essonne">Essonne</a></li> <li>92 <a href="/wiki/Hauts-de-Seine" title="Hauts-de-Seine">Hauts-de-Seine</a></li> <li>93 <a href="/wiki/Seine-Saint-Denis" title="Seine-Saint-Denis">Seine-Saint-Denis</a></li> <li>94 <a href="/wiki/Val-de-Marne" title="Val-de-Marne">Val-de-Marne</a></li> <li>95 <a href="/wiki/Val-d%27Oise" title="Val-d'Oise">Val-d'Oise</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Overseas_department" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas department">Overseas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>971 <a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li>972 <a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a> <small><i>(territorial collectivity)</i></small></li> <li>973 <a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a> <small><i>(territorial collectivity)</i></small></li> <li>974 <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a></li> <li>976 <a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Special</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>69M <a href="/wiki/Metropolis_of_Lyon" title="Metropolis of Lyon">Lyon</a> <small><i>(collectivity with special status)</i></small></li> <li>75 <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> <small><i>(collectivity with special status)</i></small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>975 <a href="/wiki/Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon" title="Saint Pierre and Miquelon">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a> <small><i>(Overseas collectivity)</i></small></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3207#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1534" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3207#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1534" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3207#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/127846873">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/272447660">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1899840/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJfcRJMHGPdGfCtxfHTj4q">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4079865-3">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81007353">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Aude (Francie)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge336564&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007548035205171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981060867873906706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/a026da64-cccd-4095-b64a-b31f5e1e8102">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/02733922X">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" 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