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About: Surface diffusion

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Space: <a href="http://dbpedia.org">dbpedia.org</a></span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row pt-2"> <div class="col-xs-9 col-sm-10"> <p class="lead">Surface diffusion is a general process involving the motion of adatoms, molecules, and atomic clusters (adparticles) at solid material surfaces. The process can generally be thought of in terms of particles jumping between adjacent adsorption sites on a surface, as in figure 1. Just as in bulk diffusion, this motion is typically a thermally promoted process with rates increasing with increasing temperature. Many systems display diffusion behavior that deviates from the conventional model of nearest-neighbor jumps. Tunneling diffusion is a particularly interesting example of an unconventional mechanism wherein hydrogen has been shown to diffuse on clean metal surfaces via the quantum tunneling effect.</p> </div> <div class="col-xs-3 col-sm-2"> <a href="#" class="thumbnail"> <img src="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Surface_diffusion_hopping.gif?width=300" alt="thumbnail" class="img-fluid" /> </a> </div> </div> </div> </section> <!-- page-header --> <!-- property-table --> <section> <div class="container-xl"> <div class="row"> <div class="table-responsive"> <table class="table table-hover table-sm table-light"> <thead> <tr> <th class="col-xs-3 ">Property</th> <th class="col-xs-9 px-3">Value</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr class="odd"><td class="col-2"><a class="uri" href="http://dbpedia.org/ontology/abstract"><small>dbo:</small>abstract</a> </td><td class="col-10 text-break"><ul> <li style="display:none;"><span class="literal"><span property="dbo:abstract" lang="fr" >En science des matériaux, la diffusion de surface ou diffusion superficielle est un phénomène impliquant le déplacement d&#39;adatomes, de molécules, et d&#39;agrégats atomiques sur la surface de matériaux solides. Les mécanismes par lesquels cette diffusion s&#39;effectue ont une certaine importance, car ils conditionnent le développement de matériaux ayant des propriétés intéressantes. Le processus peut être considéré comme des particules sautant d&#39;un site d&#39;adsorption d&#39;une surface à une autre, comme schématisé sur la figure 1. Comme pour la plupart des mécanismes de diffusion de la matière, ce mouvement est caractéristique d&#39;un processus thermique dont la fréquence augmente avec la température. Il a été mis en évidence que de nombreux systèmes présentent un comportement de diffusion, qui dérive d&#39;un modèle conventionnel de sauts aux voisins proches. La diffusion à effet tunnel est un exemple particulièrement intéressant de mécanisme non conventionnel, dans lequel il a été montré que de l&#39;hydrogène peut diffuser sur une surface métallique via l&#39;effet tunnel. Plusieurs techniques d&#39;analyse peuvent être utilisées pour étudier les mécanismes de diffusion superficielle, les plus importantes sont la microscopie ionique, la microscopie à effet tunnel. Ce phénomène peut se rencontrer sur de nombreux matériaux, la plupart des expériences sont faites sur des surfaces cristallines. Dû aux contraintes expérimentales, les majorités des études de diffusion de surface sont limitées par la température de fusion du substrat, et les simulations à hautes températures montrent des résultats de processus d&#39;échange multiple, mais qui n&#39;ont pas pu être vérifiés à ce jour. Les mécanismes et les coefficients de diffusion superficielle sont affectés par plusieurs facteurs, comme la force de la liaison chimique surface-adparticule, l&#39;orientation du cristal sur le réseau de surface, les forces attractives et répulsives existantes, et les gradients de potentiel chimique. Les transitions de phases, la croissance par épitaxie, la catalyse hétérogène sont des notions importantes de la science des surfaces. Les phénomènes de diffusion des surfaces sont primordiaux pour l&#39;industrie chimique et des semi-conducteurs. De nombreuses applications sont fondées sur la compréhension de ces phénomènes, on peut notamment citer les pots catalytiques, les circuits intégrés, ou encore l&#39;halogénure d&#39;argent dans les pellicules photographiques.</span><small> (fr)</small></span></li> <li style="display:none;"><span class="literal"><span property="dbo:abstract" lang="in" >Difusi permukaan merupakan jenis difusi yang dapat terjadi apabila terdapat retakan. Materi lain akan terdifusi menuju permukaan retakan karena konsentrasi di permukaan retakan menjadi lebih tinggi dibanding konsentrasi volume. Secara garis besar, difusi merupakan transfer materi melalui materi lain. Difusi ini dapat ditemui pada air rendaman biji kedelai dimana air akan berdifusi dengan biji kedelai sampai partikel air menyebar luas hingga mencapai keadaan yang seimbang .Dalam difusi permukaan, terjadi proses pengaktifan yang terjadi pada permukaan padatan dengan melibatkan lompatan absorpsi molekul dari konsentrasi yang tinggi ke konsentrasi yang rendah.</span><small> (in)</small></span></li> <li><span class="literal"><span property="dbo:abstract" lang="en" >Surface diffusion is a general process involving the motion of adatoms, molecules, and atomic clusters (adparticles) at solid material surfaces. The process can generally be thought of in terms of particles jumping between adjacent adsorption sites on a surface, as in figure 1. Just as in bulk diffusion, this motion is typically a thermally promoted process with rates increasing with increasing temperature. Many systems display diffusion behavior that deviates from the conventional model of nearest-neighbor jumps. Tunneling diffusion is a particularly interesting example of an unconventional mechanism wherein hydrogen has been shown to diffuse on clean metal surfaces via the quantum tunneling effect. Various analytical tools may be used to elucidate surface diffusion mechanisms and rates, the most important of which are field ion microscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy. While in principle the process can occur on a variety of materials, most experiments are performed on crystalline metal surfaces. Due to experimental constraints most studies of surface diffusion are limited to well below the melting point of the substrate, and much has yet to be discovered regarding how these processes take place at higher temperatures. Surface diffusion rates and mechanisms are affected by a variety of factors including the strength of the surface-adparticle bond, orientation of the surface lattice, attraction and repulsion between surface species and chemical potential gradients. It is an important concept in surface phase formation, epitaxial growth, heterogeneous catalysis, and other topics in surface science. As such, the principles of surface diffusion are critical for the chemical production and semiconductor industries. Real-world applications relying heavily on these phenomena include catalytic converters, integrated circuits used in electronic devices, and silver halide salts used in photographic film.</span><small> (en)</small></span></li> <li style="display:none;"><span class="literal"><span property="dbo:abstract" lang="it" >La diffusione superficiale è un tipo di diffusione che avviene fra due materiali disposti in modo tale da poter interagire tramite una superficie. Essi si scambiano degli atomi fino a raggiungere una condizione di equilibrio termodinamico. Quindi si passa da una condizione di equilibrio metastabile in cui gli atomi del primo materiale sono sul materiale stesso e viceversa, a una stabile in cui una percentuale degli atomi del primo materiale si trova sul secondo materiale e viceversa. I fattori che determinano la mobilità atomica permettendone la diffusione sono: * velocità: tale grandezza dipende dalla dimensione atomica; maggiore è la velocità, maggiore sarà la probabilità che avvenga la diffusione; * movimenti casuali: nella mobilità atomica si utilizza un approccio probabilistico riguardo alla loro direzione; * fluttuazioni energetiche: i bombardamenti esterni al materiale, come raggi ionici o fotoni, permettono una maggiore mobilità atomica del materiale; * temperatura: maggiore è tale grandezza, maggiore è la vibrazione atomica e di conseguenza l&#39;eccitazione degli atomi e la probabilità che avvenga la diffusione.</span><small> (it)</small></span></li> <li style="display:none;"><span class="literal"><span property="dbo:abstract" lang="ru" >Поверхностная диффузия (англ. surface diffusion) — процесс, связанный (как и в случае объёмной диффузии) с перемещением частиц (атомов, молекул или кластеров), происходящий на поверхности конденсированного тела в пределах первого поверхностного слоя атомов (молекул) или поверх этого слоя.</span><small> (ru)</small></span></li> </ul></td></tr><tr class="even"><td class="col-2"><a class="uri" href="http://dbpedia.org/ontology/thumbnail"><small>dbo:</small>thumbnail</a> </td><td class="col-10 text-break"><ul> <li><span class="literal"><a class="uri" rel="dbo:thumbnail" resource="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Surface_diffusion_hopping.gif?width=300" href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Surface_diffusion_hopping.gif?width=300"><small>wiki-commons</small>:Special:FilePath/Surface_diffusion_hopping.gif?width=300</a></span></li> </ul></td></tr><tr class="odd"><td class="col-2"><a class="uri" href="http://dbpedia.org/ontology/wikiPageID"><small>dbo:</small>wikiPageID</a> </td><td class="col-10 text-break"><ul> <li><span class="literal"><span property="dbo:wikiPageID" datatype="xsd:integer" >14501355</span><small> (xsd:integer)</small></span></li> </ul></td></tr><tr 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Materi lain akan terdifusi menuju permukaan retakan karena konsentrasi di permukaan retakan menjadi lebih tinggi dibanding konsentrasi volume. Secara garis besar, difusi merupakan transfer materi melalui materi lain. Difusi ini dapat ditemui pada air rendaman biji kedelai dimana air akan berdifusi dengan biji kedelai sampai partikel air menyebar luas hingga mencapai keadaan yang seimbang .Dalam difusi permukaan, terjadi proses pengaktifan yang terjadi pada permukaan padatan dengan melibatkan lompatan absorpsi molekul dari konsentrasi yang tinggi ke konsentrasi yang rendah.</span><small> (in)</small></span></li> <li style="display:none;"><span class="literal"><span property="rdfs:comment" lang="ru" >Поверхностная диффузия (англ. surface diffusion) — процесс, связанный (как и в случае объёмной диффузии) с перемещением частиц (атомов, молекул или кластеров), происходящий на поверхности конденсированного тела в пределах первого поверхностного слоя атомов (молекул) или поверх этого слоя.</span><small> (ru)</small></span></li> <li style="display:none;"><span class="literal"><span property="rdfs:comment" lang="fr" >En science des matériaux, la diffusion de surface ou diffusion superficielle est un phénomène impliquant le déplacement d&#39;adatomes, de molécules, et d&#39;agrégats atomiques sur la surface de matériaux solides. Les mécanismes par lesquels cette diffusion s&#39;effectue ont une certaine importance, car ils conditionnent le développement de matériaux ayant des propriétés intéressantes.</span><small> (fr)</small></span></li> <li><span class="literal"><span property="rdfs:comment" lang="en" >Surface diffusion is a general process involving the motion of adatoms, molecules, and atomic clusters (adparticles) at solid material surfaces. The process can generally be thought of in terms of particles jumping between adjacent adsorption sites on a surface, as in figure 1. Just as in bulk diffusion, this motion is typically a thermally promoted process with rates increasing with increasing temperature. Many systems display diffusion behavior that deviates from the conventional model of nearest-neighbor jumps. Tunneling diffusion is a particularly interesting example of an unconventional mechanism wherein hydrogen has been shown to diffuse on clean metal surfaces via the quantum tunneling effect.</span><small> (en)</small></span></li> <li style="display:none;"><span class="literal"><span property="rdfs:comment" lang="it" >La diffusione superficiale è un tipo di diffusione che avviene fra due materiali disposti in modo tale da poter interagire tramite una superficie. Essi si scambiano degli atomi fino a raggiungere una condizione di equilibrio termodinamico. Quindi si passa da una condizione di equilibrio metastabile in cui gli atomi del primo materiale sono sul materiale stesso e viceversa, a una stabile in cui una percentuale degli atomi del primo materiale si trova sul secondo materiale e viceversa. I fattori che determinano la mobilità atomica permettendone la diffusione sono:</span><small> (it)</small></span></li> </ul></td></tr><tr class="even"><td class="col-2"><a class="uri" href="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label"><small>rdfs:</small>label</a> </td><td class="col-10 text-break"><ul> <li style="display:none;"><span class="literal"><span property="rdfs:label" lang="in" >Difusi permukaan</span><small> (in)</small></span></li> <li style="display:none;"><span class="literal"><span property="rdfs:label" lang="fr" >Diffusion de surface</span><small> (fr)</small></span></li> <li style="display:none;"><span class="literal"><span property="rdfs:label" lang="it" >Diffusione superficiale</span><small> (it)</small></span></li> <li><span class="literal"><span property="rdfs:label" lang="en" >Surface diffusion</span><small> (en)</small></span></li> <li style="display:none;"><span class="literal"><span property="rdfs:label" lang="ru" >Поверхностная диффузия</span><small> 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