Lyčių darbo užmokesčio skirtumai ES (infografikas) | Temos

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id="webanalytics-language" value="lt"/> <div class="lg:max-w-3xl md:max-w-2xl mx-auto px-4"> <div data-component="story-intro" class="mb-12"> <h1 class="text-xl text-center pt-8 mb-6 text-black-greydark">Lyčių darbo užmokesčio skirtumai ES (infografikas)</h1> <p class="text-base text-center mb-4 text-black-greydark">Sužinokite daugiau apie moterų ir vyrų darbo užmokesčio skirtumus ES. </p> <div class="relative text-center"> <small class="infos flex flex-col justify-center items-center space-y-1 text-sm text-black-greydark"> <time datetime="04-03-2020">Paskelbta: 04-03-2020</time> <time class="" datetime="2023-04-05T18:05:00">Paskutinį kartą atnaujinta: 05-04-2023 - 18:05</time> <time datetime="PT4M" class="" >Skaitymo laikas: 4 minutes</time> </small> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="lg:max-w-3xl md:max-w-2xl mx-auto px-4"> </div> <div class="lg:max-w-4xl md:max-w-2xl mx-auto px-4"> <div data-component="figure-default" class="block no-underline mb-12"> <figure> <a href="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/resources/library/images/20230403PHT79014/20230403PHT79014_original.png"> <img src="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/resources/library/images/20230403PHT79014/20230403PHT79014-cl.png" class="block mb-2" alt="Paveikslėlyje vaizduojami vyras ir moteris, kopiantys į kalną" loading="lazy" srcset="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/resources/library/images/20230403PHT79014/20230403PHT79014-cs.png 320w, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/resources/library/images/20230403PHT79014/20230403PHT79014-cm.png 640w, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/resources/library/images/20230403PHT79014/20230403PHT79014-cl.png 1024w" sizes="100vw"> </a> <figcaption class="text-16px text-black-greydark"></figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="lg:max-w-3xl md:max-w-2xl mx-auto px-4"> <div data-component="story-content" class="mb-12"><p class="ep-wysiwig_paragraph">Praėjo daugiau nei 25 metai nuo JT <a href="https://www.unwomen.org/en/digital-library/publications/2015/01/beijing-declaration" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Pekino deklaracijos</a> priėmimo, kuria siekiama skatinti vyrų ir moterų lygybę. Tokį patį tikslą turi ir JT lyčių lygybės padalinys (JT Moterys), dirbantis dėl <a href="https://ec.europa.eu/info/strategy/international-strategies/sustainable-development-goals/eu-approach-sustainable-development-0_lt" target="_blank" rel="noopener">tvaraus vystymosi tikslų</a> priėmimo, kurių vienas jų – <a href="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/lt/headlines/society/20190712STO56961/lyciu-lygybe-europos-sajungoje-ep-vaidmuo" target="_blank" rel="noopener">lyčių lygybė</a>.</p> <br /> <p class="ep-wysiwig_paragraph">Kiek iš tikrųjų yra pasistūmėta užtikrinant lyčių lygybę darbo rinkoje? Šiuo metu, nors situacija pamažu keičiasi, vidutiniškai moterys vis dar gauna mažesnius atlyginimus ir pensijas.</p> <br /> <h2 class="ep-wysiwig_heading-2">Vyrų ir moterų darbo užmokesčio skirtumas</h2> <br /> <p class="ep-wysiwig_paragraph">Moterų ir vyrų darbo užmokesčio skirtumas – tai skirtumas tarp vyrų ir moterų gaunamo atlygio (remiantis valandiniu darbo užmokesčiu visoje ekonomikoje). Jis grindžiamas atlyginimais, tiesiogiai mokamais darbuotojams, neatskaičius pajamų mokesčio ir socialinio draudimo įmokų.</p></div> </div> <div class="lg:max-w-4xl md:max-w-2xl mx-auto px-4"> <div data-component="figure-default" class="block no-underline mb-12"> <figure> <a href="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/resources/library/images/20230404PHT79103/20230404PHT79103_original.png"> <img src="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/resources/library/images/20230404PHT79103/20230404PHT79103-cl.png" class="block mb-2" alt="Moterų ir vyrų darbo užmokesčio skirtumai. Daugiau informacijos galite rasti skiltyje „Atlyginimų skirtumai ES“." loading="lazy" srcset="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/resources/library/images/20230404PHT79103/20230404PHT79103-cs.png 320w, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/resources/library/images/20230404PHT79103/20230404PHT79103-cm.png 640w, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/resources/library/images/20230404PHT79103/20230404PHT79103-cl.png 1024w" sizes="100vw"> </a> <figcaption class="text-16px text-black-greydark">Moterų ir vyrų darbo užmokesčio skirtumai pagal ES šalį</figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="lg:max-w-3xl md:max-w-2xl mx-auto px-4"> <div data-component="story-content" class="mb-12"><p class="ep-wysiwig_paragraph"><strong>Atlyginimų skirtumai ES</strong></p> <br /> <p class="ep-wysiwig_paragraph">ES moterys vidutiniškai uždirba 12,7 proc. mažiau už vieną darbo valandą nei vyrai, tačiau bendras vyrų ir moterų darbo užmokesčio skirtumas valstybėse narėse skiriasi. 2021 m. didžiausi skirtumai buvo užfiksuoti Estijoje (20,5 proc.), mažiausi – Rumunijoje (3,6 proc.). Lietuvoje – 12 proc. Liuksemburge šio skirtumo nebeliko.</p> <br /> <p class="ep-wysiwig_paragraph">Mažesnis moterų ir vyrų darbo užmokesčio skirtumas konkrečioje šalyje nebūtinai reiškia didesnę lyčių lygybę. Kai kuriose valstybėse narėse mažesni atlyginimų skirtumai dažniausiai siejami su mažesniu moterų dalyvavimu darbo rinkoje. Savo ruožtu atotrūkiai paprastai yra susiję su ne pilną darbo dieną dirbančių moterų dalimi arba jų susitelkimu specialiame sektoriuje ar profesijose.<br /><br /><strong><em><a href="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/lt/headlines/priorities/skurdas/20190712STO56961/lyciu-lygybe-europos-sajungoje-ep-vaidmuo" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Skaitykite daugiau apie lyčių lygybę ES</a></em></strong></p></div> </div> <div class="lg:max-w-3xl md:max-w-2xl mx-auto px-4"> <div data-component="story-content" class="mb-12"><p class="ep-wysiwig_paragraph"><strong>Moterys darbo rinkoje</strong></p> <p class="ep-wysiwig_paragraph"></p> <p class="ep-wysiwig_paragraph">Diskriminacija nėra pagrindinė atskirties priežastis. Yra daug veiksnių, kurie gali turėti reikšmės, tokių kaip, pavyzdžiui, švietimas, išdirbtos valandos, darbo pobūdis, karjeros pertraukos ar darbas ne pilną darbo dieną.</p> <br /> <p class="ep-wysiwig_paragraph">Nors <a href="https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/infographs/womenmen/bloc-2a.html?lang=en" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ES moterys dažniau nei vyrai baigia aukštąjį mokslą</a>, jos yra rečiau įdarbinamos. <a href="https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-eurostat-news/w/EDN-20230303-1?language=lt" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2022 m. duomenimis</a>, beveik 28 proc. moterų ES dirba ne visą darbo dieną, palyginus su 8,0 proc. vyrų. Jos yra taip pat labiau linkusios daryti karjeros pertraukas, o jų pasirinkimui įtaką daro pareigos šeimoje.</p> <br /> <p class="ep-wysiwig_paragraph">Moterų ir vyrų darbo <a href="https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Gender_pay_gap_statistics#Gender_pay_gap_much_lower_for_young_employees" target="_blank" rel="noopener">užmokesčio skirtumai didėja su amžiumi</a> – keičiantis karjerai ir didėjant šeimos poreikiams. Skirtumas yra mažesnis tarp jaunų, dar nesukūrusių šeimos moterų. Turint mažiau lėšų taupyti ir investuoti, šie skirtumai didėja, todėl vyresniame amžiuje moterims kyla didesnė skurdo ir socialinės atskirties rizika. 2020 m. moterų pensijos ES buvo 28,3 proc. mažesnės nei vyrų.<br /><br /></p> <p class="ep-wysiwig_paragraph">Svarbi vyrų ir moterų darbo užmokesčio skirtumo priežastis yra ir per didelis moterų skaičius santykinai mažai apmokamuose sektoriuose, tokiuose kaip, slauga, sveikata ar švietimas. Vidutiniškai 2021 m. ES moterys užėmė tik 34,7 proc. vadovaujančių pareigų.<br /><br /></p> <h2 class="ep-wysiwig_heading-2">Parlamento veiksmai</h2> <p class="ep-wysiwig_paragraph"></p> <p class="ep-wysiwig_paragraph">2022 m. gruodį Parlamento ir ES šalių derybininkai susitarė, kad <a href="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/lt/press-room/20221212IPR64524/gender-pay-gap-deal-reached-on-binding-pay-transparency-measures" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ES įmonės turės atskleisti informaciją, kuri palengvins darbuotojų darbo užmokesčių palyginimą</a> pas tą patį darbdavį ir padės atskleisti lyčių darbo užmokesčio skirtumus.<br /><br />2023 m. kovo mėn. Parlamentas priėmė <a href="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/lt/press-room/20230327IPR78545/ep-patvirtino-naujas-vyru-ir-moteru-atlyginimu-skaidrumo-taisykles" target="_blank" rel="noopener">naujas taisykles dėl privalomų darbo užmokesčio skaidrumo priemonių</a>. Jei darbo užmokesčio ataskaitose nustatytas ne mažesnis kaip 5 proc. darbo užmokesčio skirtumas tarp lyčių, darbdaviai, bendradarbiaudami su darbuotojų atstovais, turės atlikti bendrą darbo užmokesčio vertinimą. ES šalys turės skirti nuobaudas darbdaviams, pažeidusiems taisykles. Pranešimai apie laisvas darbo vietas ir pareigybių pavadinimai turės būti neutralūs lyčių atžvilgiu.</p> <p class="ep-wysiwig_paragraph"><br /><br /></p></div> </div> <div class="lg:max-w-3xl md:max-w-2xl mx-auto px-4"> <div data-component="box-links" class="mb-12"> <h2 class="text-22px font-bold mb-3">Papildoma informacija</h2> <ul class="[&>li]:mb-2 [&>li:last-of-type]:mb-0 [&>li>a]:text-base [&>li>a]:text-blue-linkbody"> <li> <a href="https://ec.europa.eu/info/policies/justice-and-fundamental-rights/gender-equality/equal-pay/gender-pay-gap-situation-eu_lt" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>EK informacija</span><img src="/news/img/icons/icon-ext-link.svg" width="15" class="inline-block ml-1" alt=""> <span class="sr-only sr-space">Atsidaro naujame lange</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://ec.europa.eu/info/policies/justice-and-fundamental-rights/gender-equality/women-labour-market-work-life-balance/eu-action-promote-work-life-balance_lt" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>ES veiksmai dėl darbo ir asmeninio gyvenimo pusiausvyros skatinimo</span><img src="/news/img/icons/icon-ext-link.svg" width="15" class="inline-block ml-1" alt=""> <span class="sr-only sr-space">Atsidaro naujame lange</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://eige.europa.eu/lt/gender-statistics/dgs/data-talks/what-lies-behind-gender-pay-gap" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span> Europos lyčių lygybės instituto informacija </span><img src="/news/img/icons/icon-ext-link.svg" width="15" class="inline-block ml-1" alt=""> <span class="sr-only sr-space">Atsidaro naujame lange</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://ec.europa.eu/international-partnerships/news/gender-action-plan-putting-women-and-girls-rights-heart-global-recovery-gender-equal-world_lt" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Europos Komisija: lyčių lygybės veiksmų planas</span><img src="/news/img/icons/icon-ext-link.svg" width="15" class="inline-block ml-1" alt=""> <span class="sr-only sr-space">Atsidaro naujame lange</span> </a> 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