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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Funding and history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Funding_and_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spacecraft" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spacecraft"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Spacecraft</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spacecraft-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Firsts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Firsts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Firsts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Firsts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Science_payload" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Science_payload"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Science payload</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Science_payload-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Science payload subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Science_payload-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Remote_sensing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Remote_sensing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Remote sensing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Remote_sensing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rovers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rovers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Rovers</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Rovers-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Rovers subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Rovers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-MINERVA-II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#MINERVA-II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>MINERVA-II</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-MINERVA-II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-MASCOT" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#MASCOT"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>MASCOT</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-MASCOT-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Objects_deployed_by_Hayabusa2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Objects_deployed_by_Hayabusa2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Objects deployed by <i>Hayabusa2</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Objects_deployed_by_Hayabusa2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sampling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sampling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Sampling</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sampling-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Sampling subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sampling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Surface_sample" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Surface_sample"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Surface sample</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Surface_sample-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sub-surface_sample" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sub-surface_sample"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Sub-surface sample</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sub-surface_sample-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sample_return" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sample_return"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Sample return</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sample_return-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mission_extension_(Hayabusa2♯)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mission_extension_(Hayabusa2♯)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Mission extension (Hayabusa2♯)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mission_extension_(Hayabusa2♯)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-See_also-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle See also subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Japanese_minor_body_probes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japanese_minor_body_probes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Japanese minor body probes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japanese_minor_body_probes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Hayabusa2</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 41 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-41" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">41 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7_2" title="هايابوسا 2 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هايابوسا 2" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayabusa_2" title="Hayabusa 2 – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Hayabusa 2" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayabusa2" title="Hayabusa2 – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hayabusa2" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayabusa2" title="Hayabusa2 – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Hayabusa2" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayabusa_2" title="Hayabusa 2 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Hayabusa 2" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hajabusa_2" title="Hajabusa 2 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hajabusa 2" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayabusa_2" title="Hayabusa 2 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hayabusa 2" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayabusa_2" title="Hayabusa 2 – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Hayabusa 2" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayabusa_2" title="Hayabusa 2 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hayabusa 2" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hajabusa_2" title="Hajabusa 2 – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Hajabusa 2" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7_%DB%B2" title="هایابوسا ۲ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هایابوسا ۲" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayabusa_2" title="Hayabusa 2 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hayabusa 2" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayabusa2" title="Hayabusa2 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Hayabusa2" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%98%EC%95%BC%EB%B6%80%EC%82%AC_2%ED%98%B8" title="하야부사 2호 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="하야부사 2호" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayabusa2" title="Hayabusa2 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hayabusa2" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayabusa_2" title="Hayabusa 2 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Hayabusa 2" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%99%D7%90%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%94_2" title="היאבוסה 2 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="היאבוסה 2" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0-2" title="Хаябуса-2 – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Хаябуса-2" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayabusa2" title="Hayabusa2 – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Hayabusa2" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayabusa_2_(ruimtesonde)" title="Hayabusa 2 (ruimtesonde) – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Hayabusa 2 (ruimtesonde)" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hajabusza%E2%80%932" title="Hajabusza–2 – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hajabusza–2" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A5%A8" title="हायाबुसा २ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="हायाबुसा २" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayabusa2" title="Hayabusa2 – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Hayabusa2" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayabusa_2" title="Hayabusa 2 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hayabusa 2" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%81%AF%E3%82%84%E3%81%B6%E3%81%952" title="はやぶさ2 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="はやぶさ2" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayabusa_2" title="Hayabusa 2 – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Hayabusa 2" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayabusa_2" title="Hayabusa 2 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hayabusa 2" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayabusa2" title="Hayabusa2 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hayabusa2" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayabusa_2" title="Hayabusa 2 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Hayabusa 2" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0-2" title="Хаябуса-2 – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хаябуса-2" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayabusa2" title="Hayabusa2 – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Hayabusa2" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hajabusa_2" title="Hajabusa 2 – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Hajabusa 2" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayabusa_2" title="Hayabusa 2 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hayabusa 2" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayabusa_2_(rymdsond)" title="Hayabusa 2 (rymdsond) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hayabusa 2 (rymdsond)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE2" title="கயபுசா2 – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கயபுசா2" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B0_2" title="ฮายาบูซะ 2 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ฮายาบูซะ 2" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayabusa_2" title="Hayabusa 2 – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hayabusa 2" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li 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free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Japanese space mission to asteroid Ryugu</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the mission launched in 2014. For the cancelled mission, see <a href="/wiki/Hayabusa_Mk2" title="Hayabusa Mk2">Hayabusa Mk2</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1089065853">.mw-parser-output .ib-spaceflight{width:25em}.mw-parser-output .ib-spaceflight .infobox-header{background:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .ib-edit-wd{float:right}</style><table class="infobox ib-spaceflight"><caption class="infobox-title"><i>Hayabusa2</i></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hayabusa2_Ion_thruster.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Hayabusa2_Ion_thruster.jpg/300px-Hayabusa2_Ion_thruster.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Hayabusa2_Ion_thruster.jpg/450px-Hayabusa2_Ion_thruster.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Hayabusa2_Ion_thruster.jpg/600px-Hayabusa2_Ion_thruster.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3840" data-file-height="2160" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Artist's impression of <i>Hayabusa2</i> firing its ion thrusters</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mission type</th><td class="infobox-data">Asteroid <a href="/wiki/Sample-return_mission" title="Sample-return mission">sample-return</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Operator</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/JAXA" title="JAXA">JAXA</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/International_Designator" title="International Designator">COSPAR ID</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2014-076A">2014-076A</a></span><span class="ib-edit-wd"> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2113134#P247" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Satellite_Catalog_Number" title="Satellite Catalog Number">SATCAT <abbr title="number">no.</abbr></a></th><td class="infobox-data">40319</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hayabusa2.jaxa.jp/en/">www<wbr />.hayabusa2<wbr />.jaxa<wbr />.jp<wbr />/en<wbr />/</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mission duration</th><td class="infobox-data">6 years (planned)<br />(10 years, 2 months and 18 days elapsed)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Spacecraft properties</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spacecraft type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hayabusa" title="Hayabusa">Hayabusa</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Manufacturer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/NEC" title="NEC">NEC</a><sup id="cite_ref-nec-20141203_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nec-20141203-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch mass</th><td class="infobox-data">600 kg<sup id="cite_ref-nssdc_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nssdc-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dry mass</th><td class="infobox-data">490 kg (1,080 lb) <sup id="cite_ref-spaceflight101-hb2_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spaceflight101-hb2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dimensions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Satellite_bus" title="Satellite bus">Spacecraft bus</a>: 1 × 1.6 × 1.25 m (3 ft 3 in × 5 ft 3 in × 4 ft 1 in)<br /><a href="/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft" title="Solar panels on spacecraft">Solar panel</a>: 6 m × 4.23 m (19.7 ft × 13.9 ft)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Power</th><td class="infobox-data">2.6 kW (at 1 <a href="/wiki/Astronomical_unit" title="Astronomical unit">au</a>), 1.4 kW (at 1.4 au)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Start of mission</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch date</th><td class="infobox-data">3 December 2014,<br />04:22:04 <a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a><sup id="cite_ref-jaxa-20140930_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jaxa-20140930-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rocket</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/H-IIA" title="H-IIA">H-IIA</a> 202</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch site</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tanegashima_Space_Center" title="Tanegashima Space Center">Tanegashima Space Center</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yoshinobu_Launch_Complex" title="Yoshinobu Launch Complex">LA-Y</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Contractor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Heavy_Industries" title="Mitsubishi Heavy Industries">Mitsubishi Heavy Industries</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">End of mission</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Landing date</th><td class="infobox-data">Re-entry capsule:<br />5 December 2020 UTC <sup id="cite_ref-ASAjointstatement_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ASAjointstatement-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Landing site</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/RAAF_Woomera_Range_Complex" title="RAAF Woomera Range Complex">Woomera, Australia</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ddf;">Flyby of <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Closest approach</th><td class="infobox-data">3 December 2015</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Distance</th><td class="infobox-data">3,090 km (1,920 mi) <sup id="cite_ref-jaxa-20151214_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jaxa-20151214-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ddf;">Rendezvous with <span data-sort-value="7005162173000000000♠" style="display:none"></span><a href="/wiki/162173_Ryugu" title="162173 Ryugu">(162173) Ryugu</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Arrival date</th><td class="infobox-data">27 June 2018, 09:35 UTC <sup id="cite_ref-jaxa-20180629_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jaxa-20180629-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Departure date</th><td class="infobox-data">12 November 2019 <sup id="cite_ref-Departure_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Departure-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Sample mass</th><td class="infobox-data">5.4 <a href="/wiki/Gram" title="Gram">grams</a><sup id="cite_ref-japantimes-20201219_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-japantimes-20201219-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>(including gas samples)</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ddf;"><span data-sort-value="7005162173000000000♠" style="display:none"></span><a href="/wiki/162173_Ryugu" title="162173 Ryugu">(162173) Ryugu</a> lander</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Landing date</th><td class="infobox-data">21 February 2019</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ddf;"><span data-sort-value="7005162173000000000♠" style="display:none"></span><a href="/wiki/162173_Ryugu" title="162173 Ryugu">(162173) Ryugu</a> lander</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Landing date</th><td class="infobox-data">11 July 2019</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ddf;">Flyby of <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a> <span class="nowrap">(Sample return)</span></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Closest approach</th><td class="infobox-data">5 December 2020 UTC <sup id="cite_ref-ASAjointstatement_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ASAjointstatement-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>Hayabusa2</b></i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>: <span lang="ja">はやぶさ2</span>, <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text"><a href="/wiki/Peregrine_falcon" title="Peregrine falcon">Peregrine falcon</a> 2</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>)</span> is an <a href="/wiki/Asteroid" title="Asteroid">asteroid</a> <a href="/wiki/Sample-return_mission" title="Sample-return mission">sample-return mission</a> operated by the Japanese state space agency <a href="/wiki/JAXA" title="JAXA">JAXA</a>. It is a successor to the <i><a href="/wiki/Hayabusa" title="Hayabusa">Hayabusa</a></i> mission, which returned asteroid samples for the first time in June 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-Zukerman_2010_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zukerman_2010-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Hayabusa2</i> was launched on 3 December 2014 and <a href="/wiki/Space_rendezvous" title="Space rendezvous">rendezvoused in space</a> with <a href="/wiki/Near-Earth_object" title="Near-Earth object">near-Earth</a> asteroid <a href="/wiki/162173_Ryugu" title="162173 Ryugu">162173 Ryugu</a> on 27 June 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-arrival_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arrival-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It surveyed the asteroid for a year and a half and took samples. It left the asteroid in November 2019 and returned the samples to Earth on 5 December 2020 <a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Departure_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Departure-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NYT-20201205_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-20201205-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BBC-20201206_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-20201206-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its mission has now been extended through at least 2031, when it will rendezvous with the small, rapidly-rotating asteroid <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1998_KY26" title="1998 KY26">1998 KY<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">26</span></span></a></span>. </p><p><i>Hayabusa2</i> carries multiple science payloads for remote sensing and sampling, and four small rovers to investigate the asteroid surface and analyze the environmental and geological context of the samples collected. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mission_overview">Mission overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hayabusa2&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Mission overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Mission_overview_of_Hayabusa2_and_MASCOT.webm/290px--Mission_overview_of_Hayabusa2_and_MASCOT.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="290" height="163" data-durationhint="435" data-mwtitle="Mission_overview_of_Hayabusa2_and_MASCOT.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Mission_overview_of_Hayabusa2_and_MASCOT.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bf/Mission_overview_of_Hayabusa2_and_MASCOT.webm/Mission_overview_of_Hayabusa2_and_MASCOT.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bf/Mission_overview_of_Hayabusa2_and_MASCOT.webm/Mission_overview_of_Hayabusa2_and_MASCOT.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bf/Mission_overview_of_Hayabusa2_and_MASCOT.webm/Mission_overview_of_Hayabusa2_and_MASCOT.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bf/Mission_overview_of_Hayabusa2_and_MASCOT.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-width="3840" data-height="2160" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bf/Mission_overview_of_Hayabusa2_and_MASCOT.webm/Mission_overview_of_Hayabusa2_and_MASCOT.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bf/Mission_overview_of_Hayabusa2_and_MASCOT.webm/Mission_overview_of_Hayabusa2_and_MASCOT.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bf/Mission_overview_of_Hayabusa2_and_MASCOT.webm/Mission_overview_of_Hayabusa2_and_MASCOT.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bf/Mission_overview_of_Hayabusa2_and_MASCOT.webm/Mission_overview_of_Hayabusa2_and_MASCOT.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption><i>Hayabusa2</i> mission overview animation</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:.Animation_of_Hayabusa2_orbit.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/.Animation_of_Hayabusa2_orbit.gif/300px-.Animation_of_Hayabusa2_orbit.gif" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/.Animation_of_Hayabusa2_orbit.gif/450px-.Animation_of_Hayabusa2_orbit.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/.Animation_of_Hayabusa2_orbit.gif 2x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="420" /></a><figcaption>Animation of <i>Hayabusa2</i> orbit from 3 December 2014<br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:magenta; color:black;"> </span> <i>Hayabusa2</i></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:lime; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/162173_Ryugu" title="162173 Ryugu">162173 Ryugu</a></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:royalblue; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:yellow; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a></span><br />See <a href="/wiki/File:Animation_of_Hayabusa2_orbit_-_extended_mission.webm" title="File:Animation of Hayabusa2 orbit - extended mission.webm">detailed video including the extended mission</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Asteroid <a href="/wiki/162173_Ryugu" title="162173 Ryugu">162173 Ryugu</a> (formerly designated <span class="nowrap">1999 JU<sub>3</sub></span>) is a primitive <a href="/wiki/C-type_asteroid" title="C-type asteroid">carbonaceous</a> <a href="/wiki/Near-Earth_object" title="Near-Earth object">near-Earth asteroid</a>. Carbonaceous asteroids are thought to preserve the most pristine, untainted materials in the <a href="/wiki/Solar_System" title="Solar System">Solar System</a>, a mixture of minerals, ice, and <a href="/wiki/Organic_compound" title="Organic compound">organic compounds</a> that interact with each other.<sup id="cite_ref-Tachibana_2014_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tachibana_2014-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Studying it is expected to provide additional knowledge on the origin and evolution of the inner planets and, in particular, the origin of water and organic compounds on <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Tachibana_2014_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tachibana_2014-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Tsuda_2013_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tsuda_2013-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> all relevant to the <a href="/wiki/Abiogenesis" title="Abiogenesis">origin of life</a> on Earth.<sup id="cite_ref-newscientist-20100818_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newscientist-20100818-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Initially, launch was planned for 30 November 2014,<sup id="cite_ref-jaxa-report-20140521_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jaxa-report-20140521-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-yoshikawa2011_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yoshikawa2011-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but was delayed to 3 December 2014 at 04:22:04 UTC (3 December 2014, 13:22:04 local time) on a <a href="/wiki/H-IIA" title="H-IIA">H-IIA</a> launch vehicle.<sup id="cite_ref-sfn-20141203_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sfn-20141203-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Hayabusa2</i> launched together with <a href="/wiki/PROCYON" title="PROCYON">PROCYON</a> asteroid flyby space probe. PROCYON's mission was a failure. <i>Hayabusa2</i> arrived at Ryugu on 27 June 2018,<sup id="cite_ref-arrival_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arrival-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where it surveyed the asteroid for a year and a half and collected samples.<sup id="cite_ref-Tachibana_2014_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tachibana_2014-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It departed the asteroid in November 2019 and returned the samples to Earth in December 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-yoshikawa2011_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yoshikawa2011-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Compared to the previous <i><a href="/wiki/Hayabusa" title="Hayabusa">Hayabusa</a></i> mission, the spacecraft features improved <a href="/wiki/Ion_thruster" title="Ion thruster">ion engines</a>, guidance and navigation technology, antennas, and <a href="/wiki/Spacecraft_attitude_control" class="mw-redirect" title="Spacecraft attitude control">attitude control</a> systems.<sup id="cite_ref-sfn-20120129_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sfn-20120129-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A kinetic penetrator (a high-explosive shaped charge) was shot into the asteroid surface to expose pristine sample material which was later collected for return to Earth.<sup id="cite_ref-Tsuda_2013_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tsuda_2013-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-yoshikawa2011_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yoshikawa2011-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Funding_and_history">Funding and history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hayabusa2&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Funding and history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following the initial success of <i>Hayabusa</i>, JAXA began studying a potential successor mission in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 2009, Makoto Yoshikawa of JAXA presented a proposal titled "Hayabusa Follow-on Asteroid Sample Return Missions". In August 2010, JAXA obtained approval from the Japanese government to begin development of <i>Hayabusa2</i>. The cost of the project estimated in 2010 was 16.4 billion yen (<a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US$</a>149 million).<sup id="cite_ref-Zukerman_2010_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zukerman_2010-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sfn-20100811_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sfn-20100811-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Hayabusa2</i> was launched on 3 December 2014, arrived at asteroid Ryugu on 27 June 2018, and remained stationary at a distance of about 20 km (12 mi) to study and map the asteroid. In the week of 16 July 2018, commands were sent to move to a lower hovering altitude.<sup id="cite_ref-jaxa-20180725_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jaxa-20180725-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 21 September 2018, the <i>Hayabusa2</i> spacecraft ejected the first two rovers, Rover-1A (HIBOU)<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Rover-1B (OWL), from about a 55 m (180 ft) altitude that dropped independently to the surface of the asteroid.<sup id="cite_ref-Rincon_20Sep_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rincon_20Sep-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-First_Drop_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-First_Drop-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They functioned nominally and transmitted data.<sup id="cite_ref-space20180922_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-space20180922-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The MASCOT rover deployed successfully on 3 October 2018 and operated for about 16 hours as planned.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first sample collection was scheduled to start in late October 2018, but the rovers encountered a landscape with large and small boulders but no surface soil for sampling. Therefore, it was decided to postpone the sample collection plans to 2019 and further evaluate various options for the landing.<sup id="cite_ref-sampling_postponed_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sampling_postponed-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mynavi190109_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mynavi190109-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first surface sample retrieval took place on 21 February 2019. On 5 April 2019, <i>Hayabusa2</i> released an impactor to create an artificial crater on the asteroid surface. However, <i>Hayabusa2</i> initially failed on 14 May 2019 to drop special reflective markers necessary onto the surface for guiding the descent and sampling processes,<sup id="cite_ref-Marker_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marker-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but later it successfully dropped one from an altitude of 9 m (30 ft) on 4 June 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-Ryan_June5_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ryan_June5-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The sub-surface sampling took place on 11 July 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-Kyoto_July_2019_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kyoto_July_2019-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The spacecraft departed the asteroid on 13 November 2019 (with departure command sent at 01:05 UTC on 13 November 2019). It successfully delivered the samples back to Earth on 6 December 2020 (<a href="/wiki/Japan_Standard_Time" title="Japan Standard Time">JST</a>), dropping the contents by parachute in a special container at a location in <a href="/wiki/Southern_Australia" title="Southern Australia">southern Australia</a>. The samples were retrieved the same day for secure transport back to the JAXA labs in Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-Departure_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Departure-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Spacecraft">Spacecraft</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hayabusa2&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Spacecraft"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable floatright"> <tbody><tr> <th><i>Hayabusa2</i></th> <th>Performance<sup id="cite_ref-Kazutaka_2017_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kazutaka_2017-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Propulsion</td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> μ10 <a href="/wiki/Ion_thruster" title="Ion thruster">ion thruster</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Number of thrusters</td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> 4 (one is a spare)</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Total thrust (ion drive)</td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> 28 mN</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Specific_impulse" title="Specific impulse">Specific impulse</a> (<i>I<sub>sp</sub></i>)</td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> 3000 seconds</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Acceleration</td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">49 μm/s<sup>2</sup></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Power</td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> 1250 W</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Spacecraft wet mass</td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> 600 kg</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ion engine system<br />dry mass</td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> 66 kg</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ion engine system<br />wet mass</td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> 155 kg</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Solar array</td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> 23 kg</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">Xenon</a> propellant</td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> 66 kg</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hydrazine/MON-3 propellant</td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> 48 kg</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Thrust (chemical propellants)</td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> 20 N</div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The design of <i>Hayabusa2</i> is based on the first <i>Hayabusa</i> spacecraft, with some improvements.<sup id="cite_ref-Tachibana_2014_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tachibana_2014-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fact_Sheet_Hayabusa2_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fact_Sheet_Hayabusa2-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has a mass of 600 kilograms (1,300 lb) including fuel,<sup id="cite_ref-Fact_Sheet_Hayabusa2_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fact_Sheet_Hayabusa2-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and electric power is generated by two sets of <a href="/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft" title="Solar panels on spacecraft">solar arrays</a> with an output of 2.6 kW at 1 <a href="/wiki/Astronomical_unit" title="Astronomical unit">AU</a>, and 1.4 kW at 1.4 AU.<sup id="cite_ref-Fact_Sheet_Hayabusa2_39-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fact_Sheet_Hayabusa2-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The power is stored in eleven inline-mounted 13.2 Ah <a href="/wiki/Lithium-ion_battery" title="Lithium-ion battery">lithium-ion batteries</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Fact_Sheet_Hayabusa2_39-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fact_Sheet_Hayabusa2-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Propulsion</dt></dl> <p>The spacecraft features four solar-electric ion thrusters for propulsion called μ10,<sup id="cite_ref-Kazutaka_2017_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kazutaka_2017-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> one of which is a backup. These engines use <a href="/wiki/Microwave" title="Microwave">microwaves</a> to convert <a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">xenon</a> into <a href="/wiki/Plasma_(physics)" title="Plasma (physics)">plasma</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ion" title="Ion">ions</a>), which are accelerated by a voltage applied by the <a href="/wiki/Solar_panel" title="Solar panel">solar panels</a> and ejected out the back of the engine. The simultaneous operation of three engines generates thrusts of up to 28 mN.<sup id="cite_ref-Fact_Sheet_Hayabusa2_39-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fact_Sheet_Hayabusa2-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although this thrust is very small, the engines are also extremely efficient; the 66 kg (146 lb) of <a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">xenon</a><sup id="cite_ref-Kazutaka_2017_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kazutaka_2017-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Reaction_mass" class="mw-redirect" title="Reaction mass">reaction mass</a> can <a href="/wiki/Delta-v" title="Delta-v">change the speed of the spacecraft</a> by up to 2 km/s.<sup id="cite_ref-Fact_Sheet_Hayabusa2_39-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fact_Sheet_Hayabusa2-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The spacecraft has four redundant <a href="/wiki/Reaction_wheel" title="Reaction wheel">reaction wheels</a> and a chemical <a href="/wiki/Reaction_control_system" title="Reaction control system">reaction control system</a> featuring twelve thrusters for <a href="/wiki/Spacecraft_attitude_control" class="mw-redirect" title="Spacecraft attitude control">attitude control</a> (orientation) and orbital control at the asteroid.<sup id="cite_ref-Kazutaka_2017_37-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kazutaka_2017-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fact_Sheet_Hayabusa2_39-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fact_Sheet_Hayabusa2-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The chemical thrusters use <a href="/wiki/Hydrazine" title="Hydrazine">hydrazine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mixed_oxides_of_nitrogen" title="Mixed oxides of nitrogen">MON-3</a>, with a total mass of 48 kg (106 lb) of chemical propellant.<sup id="cite_ref-Fact_Sheet_Hayabusa2_39-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fact_Sheet_Hayabusa2-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Communication</dt></dl> <p>The primary contractor <a href="/wiki/NEC" title="NEC">NEC</a> built the 590 kg (1,300 lb) spacecraft, its <a href="/wiki/Ka_band" title="Ka band">Ka-band</a> communications system and a <a href="/wiki/Thermographic_camera" class="mw-redirect" title="Thermographic camera">mid-infrared camera</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-sfn-20120129_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sfn-20120129-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The spacecraft has two <a href="/wiki/Directional_antenna" title="Directional antenna">high-gain directional antennas</a> for <a href="/wiki/X_band" title="X band">X-band</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ka_band" title="Ka band">K<sub>a</sub>-band</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kazutaka_2017_37-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kazutaka_2017-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bit rates are 8 bit/s to 32 kbit/s.<sup id="cite_ref-Fact_Sheet_Hayabusa2_39-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fact_Sheet_Hayabusa2-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ground stations are the <a href="/wiki/Usuda_Deep_Space_Center" title="Usuda Deep Space Center">Usuda Deep Space Center</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uchinoura_Space_Center" title="Uchinoura Space Center">Uchinoura Space Center</a>, <a href="/wiki/NASA_Deep_Space_Network" title="NASA Deep Space Network">NASA Deep Space Network</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malarg%C3%BCe_Station" title="Malargüe Station">Malargüe Station</a> (<a href="/wiki/European_Space_Agency" title="European Space Agency">ESA</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Fact_Sheet_Hayabusa2_39-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fact_Sheet_Hayabusa2-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Navigation</dt></dl> <p>The optical navigation camera telescope (ONC-T) is a telescopic framing camera with seven colors to optically navigate the spacecraft.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It works in synergy with the optical navigation camera wide-field (ONC-W2) and with two <a href="/wiki/Star_tracker" title="Star tracker">star trackers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Fact_Sheet_Hayabusa2_39-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fact_Sheet_Hayabusa2-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In order to descend to the asteroid surface to perform sampling, the spacecraft released one of five target markers in the selected landing zones as artificial guide marks, with highly reflective outer material that is recognized by a strobe light mounted on the spacecraft.<sup id="cite_ref-Fact_Sheet_Hayabusa2_39-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fact_Sheet_Hayabusa2-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The spacecraft also used its laser altimeter and ranging (<a href="/wiki/Lidar" title="Lidar">LIDAR</a>) as well as Ground Control Point Navigation (GCP-NAV) sensors during sampling.<sup id="cite_ref-Fact_Sheet_Hayabusa2_39-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fact_Sheet_Hayabusa2-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Firsts">Firsts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hayabusa2&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Firsts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>Hayabusa2</i> spacecraft was the first to deploy operating rovers on an asteroid. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Science_payload">Science payload</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hayabusa2&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Science payload"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20190605_hayabusa-diagram-tpr-01.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/20190605_hayabusa-diagram-tpr-01.png/550px-20190605_hayabusa-diagram-tpr-01.png" decoding="async" width="550" height="354" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/20190605_hayabusa-diagram-tpr-01.png/825px-20190605_hayabusa-diagram-tpr-01.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/20190605_hayabusa-diagram-tpr-01.png/1100px-20190605_hayabusa-diagram-tpr-01.png 2x" data-file-width="2475" data-file-height="1594" /></a><figcaption>Hayabusa2 instrument inventory</figcaption></figure> <p>The <i>Hayabusa2</i> payload is equipped with multiple scientific instruments:<sup id="cite_ref-Fact_Sheet_Hayabusa2_39-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fact_Sheet_Hayabusa2-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-jaxa20180614_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jaxa20180614-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Remote_sensing" title="Remote sensing">Remote sensing</a>: Optical Navigation Camera (ONC-T, ONC-W1, ONC-W2), Near-Infrared Camera (NIR3), Thermal-Infrared Camera (TIR), Light Detection And Ranging (LIDAR)</li> <li>Sampling: Sampling device (SMP), Small Carry-on Impactor (SCI), Deployable Camera (DCAM3)</li> <li>Four rovers: Mobile Asteroid Surface Scout (MASCOT), Rover-1A, Rover-1B, Rover-2.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Remote_sensing">Remote sensing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hayabusa2&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Remote sensing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Optical Navigation Cameras (ONCs) were used for spacecraft navigation during the asteroid approach and proximity operations. They also remotely imaged the surface to search for <a href="/wiki/Interplanetary_dust" class="mw-redirect" title="Interplanetary dust">interplanetary dust</a> around the asteroid. ONC-T is a telephoto camera with a 6.35° × 6.35° field of view and several <a href="/wiki/Optical_filter" title="Optical filter">optical filters</a> carried in a carousel. ONC-W1 and ONC-W2 are wide angle (65.24° × 65.24°) <a href="/wiki/Panchromatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Panchromatic">panchromatic</a> (485–655 nm) cameras with <a href="/wiki/Nadir" title="Nadir">nadir</a> and oblique views, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-Fact_Sheet_Hayabusa2_39-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fact_Sheet_Hayabusa2-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Near-Infrared Spectrometer (NIRS3) is a <a href="/wiki/Spectrograph" class="mw-redirect" title="Spectrograph">spectrograph</a> operating at a wavelength of 1.8–3.2 μm. NIRS3 was used for analysis of surface mineral composition.<sup id="cite_ref-Fact_Sheet_Hayabusa2_39-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fact_Sheet_Hayabusa2-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Thermal-Infrared Imager (TIR) is a <a href="/wiki/Thermal_infrared" class="mw-redirect" title="Thermal infrared">thermal infrared</a> camera working at 8–12 μm, using a two-dimensional <a href="/wiki/Microbolometer" title="Microbolometer">microbolometer</a> array. Its spatial resolution is 20 m at 20 km distance or 5 cm at 50 m distance (70 ft at 12 mi, or 2 in at 160 ft). It was used to determine surface temperatures in the range −40 to 150 °C (−40 to 302 °F).<sup id="cite_ref-Fact_Sheet_Hayabusa2_39-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fact_Sheet_Hayabusa2-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Light Detection And Ranging (<a href="/wiki/Lidar" title="Lidar">LIDAR</a>) instrument measured the distance from the spacecraft to the asteroid surface by measuring the reflected laser light. It operated over an altitude range between 30 m and 25 km (100 ft and 16 mi).<sup id="cite_ref-Fact_Sheet_Hayabusa2_39-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fact_Sheet_Hayabusa2-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When the spacecraft was closer to the surface than 30 m (98 ft) during the sampling operation, the Laser Range Finders (LRF-S1, LRF-S3) were used to measure the distance and the attitude (orientation) of the spacecraft relative to the terrain.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The LRF-S2 monitored the sampling horn to trigger the sampling projectile. </p><p>LIDAR and ONC data are being combined to determine the detailed <a href="/wiki/Topography" title="Topography">topography</a> (dimensions and shape) of the asteroid. Monitoring of a radio signal from Earth allowed measurement of the asteroid's <a href="/wiki/Gravitational_field" title="Gravitational field">gravitational field</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Fact_Sheet_Hayabusa2_39-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fact_Sheet_Hayabusa2-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rovers">Rovers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hayabusa2&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Rovers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Hayabusa2</i> carried four small rovers to explore the asteroid surface <i><a href="/wiki/In_situ" title="In situ">in situ</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-Keane_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Keane-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and provide context information for the returned samples. Due to the minimal gravity of the asteroid, all four rovers were designed to move around by short hops instead of using normal wheels. They were deployed at different dates from about 60 m (200 ft) altitude and fell freely to the surface under the asteroid's weak gravity.<sup id="cite_ref-okada2017_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-okada2017-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first two rovers, called HIBOU (previously Rover-1A) and OWL (previously Rover-1B), landed on asteroid Ryugu on 21 September 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-space20180922_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-space20180922-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The third rover, called MASCOT, was deployed 3 October 2018. Its mission was successful.<sup id="cite_ref-plansoc-20181005_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-plansoc-20181005-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fourth rover, known as Rover-2 or <a href="/wiki/MINERVA_(spacecraft)" title="MINERVA (spacecraft)">MINERVA-II-2</a>, failed before release from the orbiter. It was released on 2 October 2019 to orbit the asteroid and perform gravitational measurements before being allowed to impact the asteroid a few days later. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="MINERVA-II">MINERVA-II</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hayabusa2&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: MINERVA-II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/MINERVA-II" class="mw-redirect" title="MINERVA-II">MINERVA-II</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Surface_of_Ryugu_from_MINERVA-II1_Rover-1A.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/22/Surface_of_Ryugu_from_MINERVA-II1_Rover-1A.jpg/220px-Surface_of_Ryugu_from_MINERVA-II1_Rover-1A.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/2/22/Surface_of_Ryugu_from_MINERVA-II1_Rover-1A.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="270" data-file-height="360" /></a><figcaption>The first photograph from the surface of an asteroid, taken by <i>HIBOU</i> on 22 September 2018 during one of its "hops".</figcaption></figure> <p>MINERVA-II is a successor to the <a href="/wiki/Hayabusa#MINERVA_mini-lander" title="Hayabusa">MINERVA lander carried by <i>Hayabusa</i></a>. It consists of two containers with 3 rovers. </p><p>MINERVA-II-1 is a container that deployed two rovers, <b>Rover-1A</b> (<b>HIBOU</b>) and <b>Rover-1B</b> (<b>OWL</b>), on 21 September 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-MINERVA-II-1_Landings_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MINERVA-II-1_Landings-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-jaxa-20181213_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jaxa-20181213-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was developed by JAXA and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Aizu" title="University of Aizu">University of Aizu</a>. The rovers are identical having a cylindrical shape, 18 cm (7.1 in) diameter and 7 cm (2.8 in) tall, and a mass of 1.1 kg (2.4 lb) each.<sup id="cite_ref-Fact_Sheet_Hayabusa2_39-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fact_Sheet_Hayabusa2-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-otsuka20160328_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-otsuka20160328-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They move by hopping in the low gravitational field, using a <a href="/wiki/Torque" title="Torque">torque</a> generated by rotating masses within the rovers.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their scientific payload is a <a href="/wiki/Stereo_camera" title="Stereo camera">stereo camera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wide-angle_camera" class="mw-redirect" title="Wide-angle camera">wide-angle camera</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Thermometer" title="Thermometer">thermometers</a>. <a href="/wiki/Solar_cell" title="Solar cell">Solar cells</a> and <a href="/wiki/Double-layer_capacitor" class="mw-redirect" title="Double-layer capacitor">double-layer capacitors</a> provide the electrical power.<sup id="cite_ref-nssdc_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nssdc-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The MINERVA-II-1 rovers were successfully deployed 21 September 2018. Both rovers performed successfully on the asteroid surface, sending images and video from the surface. Rover-1A operated for 113 asteroid days (36 Earth days) returning 609 images from the surface, and Rover-1B operated for 10 asteroid days (3 Earth days) returning 39 images from the surface.<sup id="cite_ref-MINVERA-II_results_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MINVERA-II_results-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The MINERVA-II-2 container held the <b>ROVER-2</b> (sometimes referred to as MINERVA-II-2), developed by a consortium of universities led by <a href="/wiki/Tohoku_University" title="Tohoku University">Tohoku University</a> in Japan. This was an <a href="/wiki/Octagonal_prism" title="Octagonal prism">octagonal prism</a> shape, 15 cm (5.9 in) diameter and 16 cm (6.3 in) tall, with a mass of about 1 kg (2.2 lb). It had two cameras, a thermometer and an <a href="/wiki/Accelerometer" title="Accelerometer">accelerometer</a>. It was equipped with optical and ultraviolet <a href="/wiki/Light-emitting_diode" title="Light-emitting diode">LEDs</a> to illuminate and detect floating dust particles. ROVER-2 carried four mechanisms to move around using short hops.<sup id="cite_ref-nssdc_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nssdc-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rover-2 had problems prior to deployment from the orbiter but was released on 2 October 2019 to orbit the asteroid and perform gravitational measurements. It was then crashed onto the asteroid surface a few days later on 8 October 2019. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="MASCOT">MASCOT</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hayabusa2&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: MASCOT"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"MASCOT" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Mascot_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Mascot (disambiguation)">Mascot (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SPB_MASCOT_08_HiRes-cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/SPB_MASCOT_08_HiRes-cropped.jpg/220px-SPB_MASCOT_08_HiRes-cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/SPB_MASCOT_08_HiRes-cropped.jpg/330px-SPB_MASCOT_08_HiRes-cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/SPB_MASCOT_08_HiRes-cropped.jpg/440px-SPB_MASCOT_08_HiRes-cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="675" data-file-height="810" /></a><figcaption>Mission overview</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Mobile Asteroid Surface Scout</b> (<b>MASCOT</b>) was developed by the <a href="/wiki/German_Aerospace_Center" title="German Aerospace Center">German Aerospace Center</a> (DLR) in cooperation with the French space agency <a href="/wiki/CNES" title="CNES">CNES</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its dimensions measure 29.5 cm × 27.5 cm × 19.5 cm (11.6 in × 10.8 in × 7.7 in) and it weighs 9.6 kg (21 lb).<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> MASCOT carries four instruments: an <a href="/wiki/Infrared_spectroscopy" title="Infrared spectroscopy">infrared spectrometer</a> (MicrOmega), a <a href="/wiki/Magnetometer" title="Magnetometer">magnetometer</a> (MASMAG), a <a href="/wiki/Radiometer" title="Radiometer">radiometer</a> (MARA), and a camera (MASCAM) that imaged the small-scale structure, distribution and texture of the regolith.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rover is capable of tumbling once to reposition itself for further measurements.<sup id="cite_ref-Keane_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Keane-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NASASpaceFlight.com_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASASpaceFlight.com-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It collected data on the surface structure and mineralogical composition, the thermal behaviour and the magnetic properties of the asteroid.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has a non-rechargeable battery that allowed for operations for approximately 16 hours.<sup id="cite_ref-Safe_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Safe-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MASCOT_17h_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MASCOT_17h-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The infrared radiometer on the <i><a href="/wiki/InSight" title="InSight">InSight</a></i> Mars lander, launched in 2018, is based on the MASCOT radiometer.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>MASCOT was deployed on 3 October 2018, with a successful landing and ensuing surface mission. Two papers were published describing the results from MASCOT in the scientific journals <i><a href="/wiki/Nature_Astronomy" title="Nature Astronomy">Nature Astronomy</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i><a href="/wiki/Science_(journal)" title="Science (journal)">Science</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One finding of the research was that <a href="/wiki/C-type_asteroid" title="C-type asteroid">C-type asteroids</a> consist of more porous material than previously thought, explaining a deficit of this <a href="/wiki/Meteorite" title="Meteorite">meteorite</a> type. Meteorites of this type are too porous to survive the entry into the <a href="/wiki/Atmosphere" title="Atmosphere">atmosphere</a> of planet Earth. Another finding was that <a href="/wiki/162173_Ryugu" title="162173 Ryugu">Ryugu</a> consists of two different almost black types of rock with little internal <a href="/wiki/Cohesion_(geology)" title="Cohesion (geology)">cohesion</a>, but no dust was detected.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A third paper describing results from MASCOT was published in the <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Geophysical_Research" title="Journal of Geophysical Research">Journal of Geophysical Research</a> and describes the <a href="/wiki/Magnetism" title="Magnetism">magnetic</a> properties of Ryugu, showing that Ryugu does not have a magnetic field on a boulder scale.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Objects_deployed_by_Hayabusa2">Objects deployed by <i>Hayabusa2</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hayabusa2&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Objects deployed by Hayabusa2"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Object</th> <th>Developed by</th> <th>Mass</th> <th>Dimensions</th> <th>Power</th> <th>Science payload</th> <th>Landing or deployed date</th> <th>Status </th></tr> <tr> <td>MINERVA-II-1 rovers: <br />Rover-1A (HIBOU)<br />Rover-1B (OWL)</td> <td>JAXA and <a href="/wiki/University_of_Aizu" title="University of Aizu">University of Aizu</a></td> <td>1.1 kg (2.4 lb) each</td> <td>Diameter: 18 cm (7.1 in)<br />Height: 7 cm (2.8 in)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft" title="Solar panels on spacecraft">Solar panels</a></td> <td>Wide-angle camera, <a href="/wiki/Stereo_camera" title="Stereo camera">stereo camera</a>, thermometers</td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">21 September 2018</div></td> <td>Successful landing. Rover-1A operated for 36 days and Rover-1B operated for 3 days.<sup id="cite_ref-MINVERA-II_results_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MINVERA-II_results-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rover-2 (MINERVA-II-2)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tohoku_University" title="Tohoku University">Tohoku University</a></td> <td>1.0 kg (2.2 lb)</td> <td>Diameter: 15 cm (5.9 in)<br />Height: 16 cm (6.3 in)</td> <td>Solar panels</td> <td>Two cameras, thermometer, <a href="/wiki/Accelerometer" title="Accelerometer">accelerometer</a>. Optical and ultraviolet <a href="/wiki/LED_lamp" title="LED lamp">LEDs</a> for illumination</td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Released: 2 October 2019, 16:38 UTC</div></td> <td>Rover failed before deployment, so it was released in orbit around the asteroid to perform gravitational measurements before it impacted a few days later.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>MASCOT</td> <td><a href="/wiki/German_Aerospace_Center" title="German Aerospace Center">German Aerospace Center</a> and <a href="/wiki/CNES" title="CNES">CNES</a></td> <td>9.6 kg (21 lb)</td> <td>29.5 cm × 27.5 cm × 19.5 cm (11.6 in × 10.8 in × 7.7 in)</td> <td>Non-rechargeable<br />battery<sup id="cite_ref-Safe_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Safe-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Camera, <a href="/wiki/Infrared_spectrometer" class="mw-redirect" title="Infrared spectrometer">infrared spectrometer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Magnetometer" title="Magnetometer">magnetometer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radiometer" title="Radiometer">radiometer</a></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">3 October 2018<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td> <td>Successful landing. Operated on battery for more than 17 hours<sup id="cite_ref-MASCOT_17h_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MASCOT_17h-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Deployable camera 3 (DCAM3)</td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">JAXA</div></td> <td>about 2 kg (4.4 lb)</td> <td>Diameter: 7.8 cm (3.1 in)<br />Height: 7.8 cm (3.1 in)</td> <td>Non-rechargeable battery</td> <td>DCAM3-A lens, DCAM3-D lens</td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">5 April 2019</div></td> <td>Deployed to observe impact of SCI impactor. Inactive now and presumed to have fallen on the asteroid. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Small Carry-On Impactor (SCI)</td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">JAXA</div></td> <td>2.5 kg (5.5 lb)</td> <td>Diameter: 30 cm (12 in)<br />Height: 21.7 cm (8.5 in)</td> <td>Non-rechargeable battery</td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">None</div></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">5 April 2019</div></td> <td>Successful. Shot to the surface 40 minutes after separation. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Target Marker B</td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">JAXA</div></td> <td>300 g (11 oz)</td> <td>10 cm (3.9 in) sphere</td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">None</div></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">None</div></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">25 October 2018</div></td> <td>Successful. Used for first touchdown. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Target Marker A</td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">JAXA</div></td> <td>300 g (11 oz)</td> <td>10 cm (3.9 in) sphere</td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">None</div></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">None</div></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">30 May 2019</div></td> <td>Successful. Used for second touchdown. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Target Marker E (Explorer)</td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">JAXA</div></td> <td>300 g (11 oz)</td> <td>10 cm (3.9 in) sphere</td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">None</div></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">None</div></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">17 September 2019</div></td> <td>Successful. Injected to equatorial orbit and confirmed to land. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Target Marker C (Sputnik/Спутник)</td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">JAXA</div></td> <td>300 g (11 oz)</td> <td>10 cm (3.9 in) sphere</td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">None</div></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">None</div></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">17 September 2019</div></td> <td>Successful. Injected to polar orbit and confirmed to land. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Target Marker D</td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">JAXA</div></td> <td>300 g (11 oz)</td> <td>10 cm (3.9 in) sphere</td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">None</div></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">None</div></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">—</div></td> <td>Was not deployed. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sample Return Capsule</td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">JAXA</div></td> <td>16 kg</td> <td>Diameter: 40 cm Height: 20 cm</td> <td>Non-rechargeable battery</td> <td>Sample container, Reentry flight Environment Measurement Module</td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">5 December 2020 UTC</div></td> <td>Successful landing. All the parts including the sample container were collected. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sampling">Sampling</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hayabusa2&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Sampling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable floatright"> <tbody><tr> <th>Sampling</th> <th>Date </th></tr> <tr> <td>1st surface sampling</td> <td>21 February 2019 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sub-surface sampling</td> <td>SCI impactor: 5 April 2019<br />Target marker: 5 June 2019<sup id="cite_ref-Ryan_June5_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ryan_June5-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Sampling: 11 July 2019<sup id="cite_ref-Kyoto_July_2019_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kyoto_July_2019-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2nd surface sampling</td> <td>Optional;<sup id="cite_ref-Press_conference_5_March_2019_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Press_conference_5_March_2019-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was not done. </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hayabusa_hover.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Hayabusa_hover.jpg/290px-Hayabusa_hover.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Hayabusa_hover.jpg/435px-Hayabusa_hover.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Hayabusa_hover.jpg/580px-Hayabusa_hover.jpg 2x" data-file-width="970" data-file-height="653" /></a><figcaption>Artistic rendering of <i>Hayabusa</i> collecting a surface sample.</figcaption></figure> <p>The original plan was for the spacecraft to collect up to three samples: 1) surface material that exhibits traits of hydrous minerals; 2) surface material with either unobservable or weak evidence of aqueous alterations; 3) excavated sub-surface material.<sup id="cite_ref-Shogo_Tachibana_2013_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shogo_Tachibana_2013-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first two surface samples were scheduled to start in late October 2018, but the rovers showed large and small boulders and insufficient surface area to sample, so the mission team decided to postpone sampling to 2019 and evaluate various options.<sup id="cite_ref-sampling_postponed_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sampling_postponed-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first surface sampling was completed on 22 February 2019 and obtained a substantial amount of topsoil,<sup id="cite_ref-Press_conference_5_March_2019_70-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Press_conference_5_March_2019-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-First_sampling_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-First_sampling-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> so the second surface sampling was postponed and was eventually cancelled to decrease the risks to the mission.<sup id="cite_ref-Press_conference_5_March_2019_70-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Press_conference_5_March_2019-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The second and final sample was collected from material that was dislodged from beneath the surface by the kinetic impactor (SCI impactor) shot from a distance of 300 m (980 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mission_schedule_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mission_schedule-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All samples are stored in separate sealed containers inside the <a href="/wiki/Sample-return_mission" title="Sample-return mission">sample return capsule</a> (SRC). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Surface_sample">Surface sample</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hayabusa2&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Surface sample"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Hayabusa2</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'s</span> sampling device is based on <i>Hayabusa</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'s</span>. The first surface sample retrieval was conducted on 21 February 2019, which began with the spacecraft's descent, approaching the surface of the asteroid. When the sampler horn attached to <i>Hayabusa2</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'s</span> underside touched the surface, a 5 g (0.18 oz) <a href="/wiki/Tantalum" title="Tantalum">tantalum</a> projectile (bullet) was fired at 300 m/s (980 ft/s) into the surface.<sup id="cite_ref-First_sampling_72-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-First_sampling-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The resulting ejected materials were collected by a "catcher" at the top of the horn, which the ejecta reached under their own momentum under microgravity conditions.<sup id="cite_ref-reentry_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reentry-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sub-surface_sample">Sub-surface sample</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hayabusa2&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Sub-surface sample"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hayabusa2_SCI_impact_and_subsurface_sampling.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Hayabusa2_SCI_impact_and_subsurface_sampling.gif/280px-Hayabusa2_SCI_impact_and_subsurface_sampling.gif" decoding="async" width="280" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Hayabusa2_SCI_impact_and_subsurface_sampling.gif/420px-Hayabusa2_SCI_impact_and_subsurface_sampling.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Hayabusa2_SCI_impact_and_subsurface_sampling.gif/560px-Hayabusa2_SCI_impact_and_subsurface_sampling.gif 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>Animation illustrating SCI deployment and subsequent sampling from the resulting crater.</figcaption></figure> <p>The sub-surface sample collection required an impactor to create a crater in order to retrieve material under the surface, not subjected to <a href="/wiki/Space_weathering" title="Space weathering">space weathering</a>. This required removing a large volume of surface material with a powerful impactor. For this purpose, <i>Hayabusa2</i> deployed on 5 April 2019 a free-flying gun with one "bullet", called the <b>Small Carry-on Impactor</b> (<b>SCI</b>); the system contained a 2.5 kg (5.5 lb) <a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">copper</a> projectile, shot onto the surface with an explosive propellant charge. Following SCI deployment, <i>Hayabusa2</i> also left behind a deployable camera (<b>DCAM3</b>)<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to observe and map the precise location of the SCI impact, while the orbiter maneuvered to the far side of the asteroid to avoid being hit by debris from the impact. </p><p>It was expected that the SCI deployment would induce seismic shaking of the asteroid, a process considered important in the resurfacing of small airless bodies. However, post-impact images from the spacecraft revealed that little shaking had occurred, indicating the asteroid was significantly less cohesive than was expected.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Movie_before_and_after_touchdown_on_Ryugu_taken_with_Hayabusa2%27s_small_monitor_camera_%28CAM-H%29.webm/220px--Movie_before_and_after_touchdown_on_Ryugu_taken_with_Hayabusa2%27s_small_monitor_camera_%28CAM-H%29.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="154" data-durationhint="36" data-mwtitle="Movie_before_and_after_touchdown_on_Ryugu_taken_with_Hayabusa2's_small_monitor_camera_(CAM-H).webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Movie_before_and_after_touchdown_on_Ryugu_taken_with_Hayabusa2%27s_small_monitor_camera_(CAM-H).webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/Movie_before_and_after_touchdown_on_Ryugu_taken_with_Hayabusa2%27s_small_monitor_camera_%28CAM-H%29.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9"" data-width="700" data-height="490" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3b/Movie_before_and_after_touchdown_on_Ryugu_taken_with_Hayabusa2%27s_small_monitor_camera_%28CAM-H%29.webm/Movie_before_and_after_touchdown_on_Ryugu_taken_with_Hayabusa2%27s_small_monitor_camera_%28CAM-H%29.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="686" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3b/Movie_before_and_after_touchdown_on_Ryugu_taken_with_Hayabusa2%27s_small_monitor_camera_%28CAM-H%29.webm/Movie_before_and_after_touchdown_on_Ryugu_taken_with_Hayabusa2%27s_small_monitor_camera_%28CAM-H%29.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="206" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3b/Movie_before_and_after_touchdown_on_Ryugu_taken_with_Hayabusa2%27s_small_monitor_camera_%28CAM-H%29.webm/Movie_before_and_after_touchdown_on_Ryugu_taken_with_Hayabusa2%27s_small_monitor_camera_%28CAM-H%29.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="342" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3b/Movie_before_and_after_touchdown_on_Ryugu_taken_with_Hayabusa2%27s_small_monitor_camera_%28CAM-H%29.webm/Movie_before_and_after_touchdown_on_Ryugu_taken_with_Hayabusa2%27s_small_monitor_camera_%28CAM-H%29.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="514" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3b/Movie_before_and_after_touchdown_on_Ryugu_taken_with_Hayabusa2%27s_small_monitor_camera_%28CAM-H%29.webm/Movie_before_and_after_touchdown_on_Ryugu_taken_with_Hayabusa2%27s_small_monitor_camera_%28CAM-H%29.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="514" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>The touchdown on and sampling of Ryugu on 11 July</figcaption></figure> <p>Approximately 40 minutes after separation, when the spacecraft was at a safe distance, the impactor was fired into the asteroid surface by detonating a 4.5 kg (9.9 lb) <a href="/wiki/Shaped_charge" title="Shaped charge">shaped charge</a> of plasticized <a href="/wiki/HMX" title="HMX">HMX</a> for acceleration.<sup id="cite_ref-NASASpaceFlight.com_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASASpaceFlight.com-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The copper impactor was shot onto the surface from an altitude of about 500 m (1,600 ft) and it excavated a crater of about 10 m (33 ft) in diameter, exposing pristine material.<sup id="cite_ref-Tsuda_2013_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tsuda_2013-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Marker_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marker-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The next step was the deployment on 4 June 2019 of a reflective target marker in the area near the crater to assist with navigation and descent.<sup id="cite_ref-Ryan_June5_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ryan_June5-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The touchdown and sampling took place on 11 July 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-Kyoto_July_2019_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kyoto_July_2019-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sample_return">Sample return</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hayabusa2&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Sample return"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Replica_of_Hayabusa_capsule_at_JAXA_i.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Replica_of_Hayabusa_capsule_at_JAXA_i.jpg/290px-Replica_of_Hayabusa_capsule_at_JAXA_i.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Replica_of_Hayabusa_capsule_at_JAXA_i.jpg/435px-Replica_of_Hayabusa_capsule_at_JAXA_i.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Replica_of_Hayabusa_capsule_at_JAXA_i.jpg/580px-Replica_of_Hayabusa_capsule_at_JAXA_i.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2497" data-file-height="1877" /></a><figcaption>Replica of <i>Hayabusa</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'s</span> sample-return capsule (SRC) used for re-entry. <i>Hayabusa2</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'s</span> capsule is of the same size, measuring 40 cm (16 in) in diameter and using a parachute for touchdown.</figcaption></figure> <p>The spacecraft collected and stored the samples in separate sealed containers inside the sample-return capsule (SRC), which is equipped with <a href="/wiki/Thermal_insulation" title="Thermal insulation">thermal insulation</a>. The container is 40 cm (16 in) external diameter, 20 cm (7.9 in) in height, and a mass of about 16 kg (35 lb).<sup id="cite_ref-Fact_Sheet_Hayabusa2_39-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fact_Sheet_Hayabusa2-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the end of the science phase in November 2019,<sup id="cite_ref-Departure_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Departure-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Hayabusa2</i> used its ion engines to change orbit and return to Earth.<sup id="cite_ref-reentry_75-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reentry-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hours before <i>Hayabusa2</i> flew past Earth in late 2020, it released the capsule, on 5 December 2020 at 05:30 UTC.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The capsule was released spinning at one revolution per three seconds, and re-entered the Earth's atmosphere at 12 km/s (7.5 mi/s). Deploying a radar-reflective parachute at an altitude of about 10 km (6.2 mi), it ejected its heat shield while transmitting a position beacon signal.<sup id="cite_ref-Fact_Sheet_Hayabusa2_39-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fact_Sheet_Hayabusa2-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-reentry_75-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reentry-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The sample capsule landed at the <a href="/wiki/RAAF_Woomera_Range_Complex" title="RAAF Woomera Range Complex">Woomera Test Range</a> in Australia.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC-20201206_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-20201206-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The total flight distance was 5.24<span style="margin-left:0.2em">×<span style="margin-left:0.1em">10</span></span><s style="display:none">^</s><sup>9</sup> km (35.0 AU).<sup id="cite_ref-Fact_Sheet_Hayabusa2_39-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fact_Sheet_Hayabusa2-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Any volatile substances will be collected before the sealed containers are opened.<sup id="cite_ref-Shogo_Tachibana_2013_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shogo_Tachibana_2013-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The samples will be curated and analyzed at JAXA's <a href="/wiki/Extraterrestrial_Sample_Curation_Center" title="Extraterrestrial Sample Curation Center">Extraterrestrial Sample Curation Center</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where international scientists can request a small portion of the samples. The spacecraft brought back a capsule containing carbon-rich <a href="/wiki/Asteroid" title="Asteroid">asteroid</a> fragments that scientists believe could provide clues about the ancient delivery of water and organic molecules to Earth.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jsc2021e062389.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Jsc2021e062389.jpg/220px-Jsc2021e062389.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Jsc2021e062389.jpg/330px-Jsc2021e062389.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Jsc2021e062389.jpg/440px-Jsc2021e062389.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5334" data-file-height="3556" /></a><figcaption>One of the facility-to-facility transfer containers (FFTC) of Hayabusa2 returned samples given to NASA by JAXA.</figcaption></figure> <p>JAXA is sharing a portion of these samples with NASA. In exchange, NASA will provide JAXA a percentage of a sample of asteroid Bennu, when the agency's OSIRIS-REx spacecraft returned to Earth from the space rock on 24 September 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A November 2024 study published in <a href="/wiki/Meteoritics_%26_Planetary_Science" title="Meteoritics & Planetary Science">Meteoritics & Planetary Science</a> examined a sample returned from the asteroid Ryugu by the Hayabusa2 mission. Despite stringent contamination control measures, terrestrial microorganisms rapidly colonized the sample. Researchers concluded that the observed microbial growth originated from Earthly contamination during sample preparation rather than being indigenous to the asteroid. This finding underscores the difficulty of preventing microbial contamination, even in highly controlled laboratory environments.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view#Due_and_undue_weight" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view"><span title="The material near this tag may be giving undue weight to a viewpoint or idea. (January 2025)">undue weight?</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Hayabusa2#Sample_contamination" title="Talk:Hayabusa2">discuss</a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mission_extension_(Hayabusa2♯)"><span id="Mission_extension_.28Hayabusa2.E2.99.AF.29"></span>Mission extension (Hayabusa2♯)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hayabusa2&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Mission extension (Hayabusa2♯)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_2" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Animation_of_Hayabusa2_orbit_-_extended_mission.webm/220px--Animation_of_Hayabusa2_orbit_-_extended_mission.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="165" data-durationhint="102" data-mwtitle="Animation_of_Hayabusa2_orbit_-_extended_mission.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Animation_of_Hayabusa2_orbit_-_extended_mission.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/Animation_of_Hayabusa2_orbit_-_extended_mission.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9"" data-width="560" data-height="420" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/73/Animation_of_Hayabusa2_orbit_-_extended_mission.webm/Animation_of_Hayabusa2_orbit_-_extended_mission.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="192" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/73/Animation_of_Hayabusa2_orbit_-_extended_mission.webm/Animation_of_Hayabusa2_orbit_-_extended_mission.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/73/Animation_of_Hayabusa2_orbit_-_extended_mission.webm/Animation_of_Hayabusa2_orbit_-_extended_mission.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/73/Animation_of_Hayabusa2_orbit_-_extended_mission.webm/Animation_of_Hayabusa2_orbit_-_extended_mission.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>Animation of Hayabusa2 orbit – extended mission<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:magenta; color:black;"> </span> <i>Hayabusa2</i></span> <b>·</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:lime; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/162173_Ryugu" title="162173 Ryugu">162173 Ryugu</a></span> <b>·</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Royalblue; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a></span> <b>·</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:yellow; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a></span> <b>·</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:cyan; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/98943_Torifune" title="98943 Torifune">98943 Torifune</a></span> <b>·</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:gold; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/1998_KY26" title="1998 KY26">1998 KY26</a></span></figcaption></figure> <p>With the successful return and retrieval of the sample capsule on 6 December 2020 (<a href="/wiki/Japan_Standard_Time" title="Japan Standard Time">JST</a>), Hayabusa2 is planned to use its remaining 30 kg (66 lb) of <a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">xenon</a> propellant (from the initial 66 kg (146 lb)) to extend its service life and fly out to explore new targets.<sup id="cite_ref-Mission_extension_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mission_extension-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of September 2020, a fly-by of <a href="/wiki/98943_Torifune" title="98943 Torifune">98943 Torifune</a> in July 2026 and a rendezvous with <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1998_KY26" title="1998 KY26">1998 KY<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">26</span></span></a></span> in July 2031 were selected for the mission extension.<sup id="cite_ref-Yomiuri20200913_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yomiuri20200913-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mainichi20200915_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mainichi20200915-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Haya220200915_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haya220200915-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The observation of Torifune will be a high-speed fly-by of an <a href="/wiki/S-type_asteroid" title="S-type asteroid">S-type asteroid</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fixed camera of <i>Hayabusa2</i> was not designed for this type of fly-by. The rendezvous with <span class="nowrap">1998 KY<sub>26</sub></span> will be the first visit of a fast rotating micro-asteroid, with a rotation period of about 10 minutes.<sup id="cite_ref-Haya220200915_90-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haya220200915-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 2021 and 2026, the spacecraft will also conduct <a href="/wiki/Astronomical_transit" title="Astronomical transit">transit</a> observations of <a href="/wiki/Exoplanet" title="Exoplanet">exoplanets</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Haya220200915_90-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haya220200915-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An option to conduct a <a href="/wiki/Venus" title="Venus">Venus</a> flyby to set up an encounter with <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2001_AV43" title="2001 AV43">2001 AV<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">43</span></span></a></span> was also studied.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-space-20200812_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-space-20200812-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Selected EAEEA (Earth → Asteroid → Earth → Earth → Asteroid) scenario:<sup id="cite_ref-Haya220200915_90-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haya220200915-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>December 2020: Extension mission start</li> <li>2021 until July 2026: cruise operation</li> <li>July 2026: S-type asteroid <a href="/wiki/98943_Torifune" title="98943 Torifune">98943 Torifune</a> high-speed fly-by</li> <li>December 2027: Earth swing-by</li> <li>June 2028: Second Earth swing-by</li> <li>July 2031: Target body (<span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1998_KY26" title="1998 KY26">1998 KY<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">26</span></span></a></span>) rendezvous</li></ul> <p>The nickname of the extended mission is <b>“Hayabusa2♯”</b> (read <b>“Hayabusa2 Sharp”</b>). The character <b>“♯” </b> is a musical symbol which raises an adjacent note by a semitone. It is also an acronym for “Small Hazardous Asteroid Reconnaissance Probe,” as the mission is set to investigate potentially dangerous small asteroids that may collide with the Earth in the future. The word “sharp” also highlights the challenging nature of the mission, which is reflected in the musical meaning of raising the note by a semitone, suggesting a raised rank of the mission.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hayabusa2&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/28px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/42px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/56px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Spaceflight" title="Portal:Spaceflight">Spaceflight portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abiogenesis" title="Abiogenesis">Abiogenesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayabusa_Mk2" title="Hayabusa Mk2">Hayabusa Mk2</a> – Proposed Japanese space mission</li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSIRIS-REx" title="OSIRIS-REx">OSIRIS-REx</a> – NASA asteroid sample return mission to <a href="/wiki/101955_Bennu" title="101955 Bennu">101955 Bennu</a> (operational at the same time as <i>Hayabusa2</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panspermia" title="Panspermia">Panspermia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Japanese_minor_body_probes">Japanese minor body probes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hayabusa2&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Japanese minor body probes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hiten_(spacecraft)" title="Hiten (spacecraft)">Hiten (spacecraft)</a> – 1990 Japanese lunar probe</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martian_Moons_Exploration" class="mw-redirect" title="Martian Moons Exploration">Martian Moons Exploration</a> – Planned sample-return mission by Japan to Phobos<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OKEANOS" title="OKEANOS">OKEANOS</a> – A proposed space probe to Trojan asteroids</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suisei_(spacecraft)" title="Suisei (spacecraft)"><i>Suisei</i></a> spacecraft</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hayabusa2&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">DCAM3 is numbered as such because it is a follow-on to the DCAM1 and DCAM2 used for the <a href="/wiki/IKAROS" title="IKAROS">IKAROS</a> interplanetary solar sail</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hayabusa2&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-nec-20141203-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nec-20141203_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nec.com/en/press/201412/global_20141203_01.html">"JAXA Launches Hayabusa 2 Asteroid Probe"</a>. <i>nec.com</i> (Press release). <a href="/wiki/NEC" title="NEC">NEC</a>. 3 December 2014. Tokyo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220418072603/https://www.nec.com/en/press/201412/global_20141203_01.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=JAXA+Launches+Hayabusa+2+Asteroid+Probe&rft.pages=Tokyo&rft.pub=NEC&rft.date=2014-12-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nec.com%2Fen%2Fpress%2F201412%2Fglobal_20141203_01.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHayabusa2" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nssdc-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nssdc_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nssdc_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nssdc_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2014-076A">"Display: Hayabusa2 2014-076A"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>. 14 May 2020. 2014-076A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230608224344/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2014-076A">Archived</a> from the original on 8 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Display%3A+Hayabusa2+2014-076A&rft.pub=NASA&rft.date=2020-05-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov%2Fnmc%2Fspacecraft%2Fdisplay.action%3Fid%3D2014-076A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHayabusa2" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-spaceflight101-hb2-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-spaceflight101-hb2_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://spaceflight101.com/spacecraft/hayabusa-2/">"Hayabusa-2 – Asteroid Exploration Mission"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231029160153/https://spaceflight101.com/spacecraft/hayabusa-2/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hayabusa-2+%E2%80%93+Asteroid+Exploration+Mission&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fspaceflight101.com%2Fspacecraft%2Fhayabusa-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHayabusa2" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jaxa-20140930-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jaxa-20140930_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://global.jaxa.jp/press/2014/09/20140930_h2af26.html">"Launch of "Hayabusa2" by H-IIA Launch Vehicle No. 26"</a> (Press release). <a href="/wiki/JAXA" title="JAXA">JAXA</a> & <a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Heavy_Industries" title="Mitsubishi Heavy Industries">Mitsubishi Heavy Industries</a>. 30 September 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231028164133/https://global.jaxa.jp/press/2014/09/20140930_h2af26.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Launch+of+%22Hayabusa2%22+by+H-IIA+Launch+Vehicle+No.+26&rft.pub=JAXA+%26+Mitsubishi+Heavy+Industries&rft.date=2014-09-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobal.jaxa.jp%2Fpress%2F2014%2F09%2F20140930_h2af26.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHayabusa2" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ASAjointstatement-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ASAjointstatement_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ASAjointstatement_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jaxa.jp/press/2020/07/20200714-1_j.html">"Joint Statement for Cooperation in the Hayabusa2 Sample Return Mission by the Australian Space Agency and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency"</a> (Press release). <a href="/wiki/JAXA" title="JAXA">JAXA</a> & the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Space_Agency" title="Australian Space Agency">Australian Space Agency</a>. 14 July 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240101022938/https://www.jaxa.jp/press/2020/07/20200714-1_j.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 January 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Arrival+at+Ryugu%21&rft.pub=JAXA+Hayabusa2+Project&rft.date=2018-06-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hayabusa2.jaxa.jp%2Ftopics%2F20180629je%2Findex_e.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHayabusa2" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Departure-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Departure_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Departure_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Departure_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Departure_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBartels2019" class="citation news cs1">Bartels, Meghan (13 November 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.space.com/hayabusa2-spacecraft-leaves-asteroid-ryugu.html">"Farewell, Ryugu! 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Spaceflight+Now&rft.atitle=Japanese+spacecraft+reaches+asteroid+after+three-and-a-half-year+journey&rft.date=2018-06-28&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fspaceflightnow.com%2F2018%2F06%2F28%2Fjapanese-spacecraft-reaches-asteroid-after-three-and-a-half-year-journey%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHayabusa2" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT-20201205-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NYT-20201205_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChang2020" class="citation news cs1">Chang, Kenneth (5 December 2020). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/05/science/japan-asteroid-hayabusa2-woomera.html">"Japan's Journey to an Asteroid Ends With a Hunt in Australia's Outback"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240120030928/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/05/science/japan-asteroid-hayabusa2-woomera.html">Archived</a> from the original on 20 January 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Japan%27s+Journey+to+an+Asteroid+Ends+With+a+Hunt+in+Australia%27s+Outback&rft.date=2020-12-05&rft.aulast=Chang&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F12%2F05%2Fscience%2Fjapan-asteroid-hayabusa2-woomera.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHayabusa2" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC-20201206-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BBC-20201206_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC-20201206_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRincon2020" class="citation news cs1">Rincon, Paul (6 December 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-55201662">"Hayabusa-2: Capsule with asteroid samples in 'perfect' shape"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231024064457/https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-55201662">Archived</a> from the original on 24 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Scientist&rft.atitle=Hayabusa+2+will+seek+the+origins+of+life+in+space&rft.date=2010-08-18&rft.issn=0262-4079&rft.aulast=Zukerman&rft.aufirst=Wendy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newscientist.com%2Farticle%2Fdn19332-hayabusa-2-will-seek-the-origins-of-life-in-space%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHayabusa2" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jaxa-report-20140521-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jaxa-report-20140521_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://science.nasa.gov/media/medialibrary/2014/06/04/NAC-PPS-Yano-140521c-11.pdf">"JAXA Report on Hayabusa2"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/JAXA" title="JAXA">JAXA</a>. 21 May 2014. 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href="https://doi.org/10.1088%2F0004-6256%2F135%2F4%2F1101">"Spectral characteristics of Hayabusa 2 near-Earth asteroid targets 162173 1999 JU3 AND 2001 QC34"</a>. <i>The Astronomical Journal</i>. <b>135</b> (4): 1101. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008AJ....135.1101V">2008AJ....135.1101V</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1088%2F0004-6256%2F135%2F4%2F1101">10.1088/0004-6256/135/4/1101</a></span>. <q>target for the planned Japanese mission Hayabusa2</q></cite><span 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=%E5%B0%8F%E6%83%91%E6%98%9F%E6%8E%A2%E6%9F%BB%E3%83%9F%E3%83%83%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3%E3%80%8C%E3%81%AF%E3%82%84%E3%81%B6%E3%81%952&rft.date=2011-01-06&rft.aulast=Yoshikawa&rft.aufirst=Makoto&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.isas.jaxa.jp%2Fj%2Fresearchers%2Fsymp%2Fsss11%2Fpaper%2FS3-04_20110209174216.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHayabusa2" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sfn-20141203-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sfn-20141203_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClark2014" class="citation news cs1">Clark, Stephen (3 December 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://spaceflightnow.com/2014/12/03/hayabusa-2-launches-on-audacious-asteroid-adventure/">"Hayabusa2 launches on audacious asteroid adventure"</a>. <i>Spaceflight Now</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231014085158/https://spaceflightnow.com/2014/12/03/hayabusa-2-launches-on-audacious-asteroid-adventure/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=jaxa.jp&rft.atitle=The+President%27s+New+Year+Interview&rft.date=2007&rft.au=Keiji+Tachikawa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jaxa.jp%2Farticle%2Finterview%2Fvol27%2Fp3_e.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHayabusa2" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sfn-20100811-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sfn-20100811_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClark2010" class="citation news cs1">Clark, Stephen (11 August 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spaceflightnow.com/news/n1008/11japan/">"Asteroid probe, rocket get nod from Japanese panel"</a>. <i>Spaceflight Now</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240112145547/https://spaceflightnow.com/news/n1008/11japan/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Spaceflight+Now&rft.atitle=Asteroid+probe%2C+rocket+get+nod+from+Japanese+panel&rft.date=2010-08-11&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spaceflightnow.com%2Fnews%2Fn1008%2F11japan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHayabusa2" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jaxa-20180725-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jaxa-20180725_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://global.jaxa.jp/projects/sat/hayabusa2/topics.html#topics12394">"Imaging Ryugu from an altitude of 6km"</a>. <a href="/wiki/JAXA" title="JAXA">JAXA</a>. 25 July 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231028163015/https://global.jaxa.jp/projects/sat/hayabusa2/topics.html#topics12394">Archived</a> from the original on 28 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Imaging+Ryugu+from+an+altitude+of+6km&rft.pub=JAXA&rft.date=2018-07-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobal.jaxa.jp%2Fprojects%2Fsat%2Fhayabusa2%2Ftopics.html%23topics12394&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHayabusa2" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"hibou" is not Japanese nor abbreviation; it is the French word for owl and pronounced as such, イブー (i-boo).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rincon_20Sep-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rincon_20Sep_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-45578795">Hayabusa-2: Japan's rovers ready for touchdown on asteroid</a>, Paul Rincon, <i>BBC News</i> 20 September 2018</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-First_Drop-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-First_Drop_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.space.com/41898-hayabusa2-deploys-hopping-robots-asteroid-ryugu.html">"Japanese Probe Drops Tiny Hopping Robots Toward Big Asteroid Ryugu"</a>. Space.com. 21 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Japanese+Probe+Drops+Tiny+Hopping+Robots+Toward+Big+Asteroid+Ryugu&rft.pub=Space.com&rft.date=2018-09-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.space.com%2F41898-hayabusa2-deploys-hopping-robots-asteroid-ryugu.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHayabusa2" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-space20180922-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-space20180922_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-space20180922_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBartels2018" class="citation news cs1">Bartels, Meghaan (22 September 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.space.com/41912-japanese-hopping-rovers-land-on-asteroid.html">"They Made It! Japan's Two Hopping Rovers Successfully Land on Asteroid Ryugu"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Space.com" title="Space.com">Space.com</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231025102622/https://www.space.com/41912-japanese-hopping-rovers-land-on-asteroid.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Space.com&rft.atitle=They+Made+It%21+Japan%27s+Two+Hopping+Rovers+Successfully+Land+on+Asteroid+Ryugu&rft.date=2018-09-22&rft.aulast=Bartels&rft.aufirst=Meghaan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.space.com%2F41912-japanese-hopping-rovers-land-on-asteroid.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHayabusa2" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dlr.de/dlr/presse/en/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-10172/213_read-30118/year-all/#/gallery/32227">MASCOT lands safely on asteroid Ryugu</a>, Press release, <i>DLR Press Portal</i>, 3 October 2018</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sampling_postponed-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sampling_postponed_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sampling_postponed_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hayabusa2.jaxa.jp/en/topics/20181014e_TD/">Schedule changes for the touchdown operation</a>, JAXA, University of Tokyo and collaborators, <i>Hayabusa2 Project</i>, 14 October 2018</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mynavi190109-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mynavi190109_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOtsuka2019" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Otsuka, Minoru (9 January 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.mynavi.jp/article/20190109-753844/">"はやぶさ2のタッチダウン候補地は2カ所に、どちらが最適？"</a> [Hayabusa2's touchdown candidate sites narrowed down to two, which is the most optimal?]. <i>Mynavi news</i> (in Japanese). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231028170946/https://news.mynavi.jp/techplus/article/20190109-753844/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mynavi+news&rft.atitle=%E3%81%AF%E3%82%84%E3%81%B6%E3%81%952%E3%81%AE%E3%82%BF%E3%83%83%E3%83%81%E3%83%80%E3%82%A6%E3%83%B3%E5%80%99%E8%A3%9C%E5%9C%B0%E3%81%AF2%E3%82%AB%E6%89%80%E3%81%AB%E3%80%81%E3%81%A9%E3%81%A1%E3%82%89%E3%81%8C%E6%9C%80%E9%81%A9%EF%BC%9F&rft.date=2019-01-09&rft.aulast=Otsuka&rft.aufirst=Minoru&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.mynavi.jp%2Farticle%2F20190109-753844%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHayabusa2" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Marker-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Marker_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marker_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gizmodo.com/new-photos-show-the-surprisingly-big-crater-blasted-int-1834298147">New Photos Show the Surprisingly Big Crater Blasted Into Asteroid Ryugu by Japan's Hayabusa2 Probe</a>, George Dvorsky, <i>Gizmodo</i>, 22 May 2019</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ryan_June5-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ryan_June5_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ryan_June5_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ryan_June5_33-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">[Japan's Hayabusa2 spacecraft grabs epic close-up shot just 30 feet above asteroid], Jackson Ryan, <i>C-net</i>, 5 June 2019</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kyoto_July_2019-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kyoto_July_2019_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kyoto_July_2019_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kyoto_July_2019_34-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHasegawa2019" class="citation web cs1">Hasegawa, Kyoko (11 July 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://phys.org/news/2019-07-japan-hayabusa2-probe-touchdown-asteroid.html">"Japan's Hayabusa2 probe makes "perfect" touchdown on asteroid"</a>. <i>phys.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=phys.org&rft.atitle=Japan%27s+Hayabusa2+probe+makes+%22perfect%22+touchdown+on+asteroid&rft.date=2019-07-11&rft.aulast=Hasegawa&rft.aufirst=Kyoko&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fphys.org%2Fnews%2F2019-07-japan-hayabusa2-probe-touchdown-asteroid.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHayabusa2" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-55201662">Hayabusa-2 capsule located in Australian desert</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.planetary.org/blogs/jason-davis/why-sample-return.html">What's the benefit of sample-return?</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kazutaka_2017-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kazutaka_2017_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kazutaka_2017_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kazutaka_2017_37-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kazutaka_2017_37-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kazutaka_2017_37-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jaxa.repo.nii.ac.jp/?action=repository_uri&item_id=15670&file_id=31&file_no=1">Operation Status of Ion Engines of Asteroid Explorer Hayabusa2</a>, Nishiyama, Kazutaka; 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NASASpaceFlight.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Japanese+H-IIA+kicks+off+Hayabusa2%27s+asteroid+mission&rft.date=2014-12-02&rft.aulast=Graham&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasaspaceflight.com%2F2014%2F12%2Fjapanese-h-iia-rocket-hayabusa-2s-asteroid-mission%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHayabusa2" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoBaturkinGrimmGrundmann2017" class="citation journal cs1">Ho, Tra-Mi; et al. (2017). 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Oh my... can that be right? I explored Ryugu for more than 17 hours. That is more than my team…"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>) – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=All+done+with+work%21+Oh+my...+can+that+be+right%3F+I+explored+Ryugu+for+more+than+17+hours.+That+is+more+than+my+team%E2%80%A6&rft.date=2018-10-04&rft.au=MASCOT2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2FMASCOT2018%2Fstatus%2F1047806424334655488&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHayabusa2" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/ssbsite/documents/webpage/ssb_086912.pdf">InSight: A Geophysical Mission to a Terrestrial Planet Interior</a>, Bruce Banerdt, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, NASA, 7 March 2013 <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrottKnollenbergBorgsHänschke2016" class="citation journal cs1">Grott, M.; Knollenberg, J.; Borgs, B.; Hänschke, F.; Kessler, E.; Helbert, J.; Maturilli, A.; Müller, N. 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(Final decision will be made after SCI operation whether or not to actually perform the second try.)<br /> • There is a high probability that a third touchdown will not be done.<br /> ※ Reason for choosing to give priority to experiments with collision equipment<br /> • It was judged that sample was sufficiently collected with the first touchdown.<br /> • There is a case in which the amount of light received by some of the optical systems of the bottom surface has decreased due to the first touchdown. There is no problem with normal operation, but a careful preliminary investigation is necessary for touchdown operation. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Space.com&rft.atitle=Japanese+space+capsule+carrying+pristine+asteroid+samples+lands+in+Australia&rft.date=2020-12-05&rft.aulast=Wall&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.space.com%2Fjapan-hayabusa2-asteroid-samples-land-australia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHayabusa2" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200524100408/https://www.jiji.com/jc/article?k=2020010900196">"はやぶさ２、再び小惑星へ地球帰還後も任務継続―対象天体を選定へ・ＪＡＸＡ"</a> [Hayabusa2 will explore another asteroid, continuing mission after returning target sample to Earth] (in Japanese). Jiji Press. 9 January 2020. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jiji.com/jc/article?k=2020010900196">the original</a> on 24 May 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E3%81%AF%E3%82%84%E3%81%B6%E3%81%95%EF%BC%92%E3%80%81%E5%86%8D%E3%81%B3%E5%B0%8F%E6%83%91%E6%98%9F%E3%81%B8+%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E5%B8%B0%E9%82%84%E5%BE%8C%E3%82%82%E4%BB%BB%E5%8B%99%E7%B6%99%E7%B6%9A%E2%80%95%E5%AF%BE%E8%B1%A1%E5%A4%A9%E4%BD%93%E3%82%92%E9%81%B8%E5%AE%9A%E3%81%B8%E3%83%BB%EF%BC%AA%EF%BC%A1%EF%BC%B8%EF%BC%A1&rft.date=2020-01-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiji.com%2Fjc%2Farticle%3Fk%3D2020010900196&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHayabusa2" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-space-20200812-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-space-20200812_93-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBartels2020" class="citation web cs1">Bartels, Meghan (12 August 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.space.com/japan-hayabusa2-asteroid-mission-eyes-second-target.html">"Japan may extend Hayabusa2 asteroid mission to visit 2nd space rock"</a>. Space.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Japan+may+extend+Hayabusa2+asteroid+mission+to+visit+2nd+space+rock&rft.pub=Space.com&rft.date=2020-08-12&rft.aulast=Bartels&rft.aufirst=Meghan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.space.com%2Fjapan-hayabusa2-asteroid-mission-eyes-second-target.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHayabusa2" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHirabayashiYoshikawaMimasuTanaka2023" class="citation conference cs1">Hirabayashi, Masatoshi; Yoshikawa, Makoto; Mimasu, Yuya; Tanaka, Satoshi; Saiki, Takanao; Nakazawa, Satoru; Tsuda, Yuichi; Tatsumi, Eri; Popescu, Marcel; Pravec, Petr; Urakawa, Seitaro; Yoshida, Fumi; Hirata, Naru; Kamata, Shunichi; Kitazato, Kohei (15 February 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20230002153"><i>Hayabusa2#'s Exploration to Asteroids 2001 CC21 and 1998 KY26 Provides Key Insights Into Planetary Defense</i></a>. 8th IAA Planetary Defense Conference. Vienna, Austria. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240123201919/https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20230002153">Archived</a> from the original on 23 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=Hayabusa2%23%27s+Exploration+to+Asteroids+2001+CC21+and+1998+KY26+Provides+Key+Insights+Into+Planetary+Defense&rft.place=Vienna%2C+Austria&rft.date=2023-02-15&rft.aulast=Hirabayashi&rft.aufirst=Masatoshi&rft.au=Yoshikawa%2C+Makoto&rft.au=Mimasu%2C+Yuya&rft.au=Tanaka%2C+Satoshi&rft.au=Saiki%2C+Takanao&rft.au=Nakazawa%2C+Satoru&rft.au=Tsuda%2C+Yuichi&rft.au=Tatsumi%2C+Eri&rft.au=Popescu%2C+Marcel&rft.au=Pravec%2C+Petr&rft.au=Urakawa%2C+Seitaro&rft.au=Yoshida%2C+Fumi&rft.au=Hirata%2C+Naru&rft.au=Kamata%2C+Shunichi&rft.au=Kitazato%2C+Kohei&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fntrs.nasa.gov%2Fcitations%2F20230002153&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHayabusa2" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hayabusa2.jaxa.jp/en/topics/20220629_logo_e/index.html/">"2022/06/29 What's new"</a>. <i>JAXA Hayabusa2 porject</i> (in Japanese)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=JAXA+Hayabusa2+porject&rft.atitle=2022%2F06%2F29+What%27s+new&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hayabusa2.jaxa.jp%2Fen%2Ftopics%2F20220629_logo_e%2Findex.html%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHayabusa2" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hayabusa2&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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href="http://europlanet.dlr.de/Hayabusa2/MASCOT/index.html">MASCOT related publications by the Institute of Planetary Research</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201130081901/http://europlanet.dlr.de/Hayabusa2/MASCOT/index.html">Archived</a> 30 November 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> hosted by Europlanet</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pub.haya2.sys.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp/"><i>Hayabusa2</i> images scientific commentary</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201028191844/http://pub.haya2.sys.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp/">Archived</a> 28 October 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, University of Tokyo</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jpn.nec.com/ad/cosmos/hayabusa2/index.html">Asteroid Explorer <i>Hayabusa2</i></a>, NEC</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" 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id="Spacecraft_missions_to_minor_planets_and_comets367" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_minor_planets" title="List of missions to minor planets">Spacecraft missions</a> to <a href="/wiki/Minor_planet" title="Minor planet">minor planets</a> and <a href="/wiki/Comet" title="Comet">comets</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="text-align: center;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_minor_planets_and_comets_visited_by_spacecraft" title="List of minor planets and comets visited by spacecraft">List of minor planets and comets visited by spacecraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_artificial_objects_on_extraterrestrial_surfaces" title="List of artificial objects on extraterrestrial surfaces">List of artificial objects on extraterrestrial surfaces</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/New_Horizons" title="New Horizons">New Horizons</a></i> (multiple flybys)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSIRIS-REx" title="OSIRIS-REx">OSIRIS-APEX</a> (orbiter)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Mission_extension">Hayabusa2♯</a> (lander)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_(spacecraft)" title="Lucy (spacecraft)"><i>Lucy</i></a> (multiple flybys)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psyche_(spacecraft)" title="Psyche (spacecraft)"><i>Psyche</i></a> (orbiter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hera_(space_mission)" title="Hera (space mission)"><i>Hera</i></a> (orbiter) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AIDA_(international_space_cooperation)" title="AIDA (international space cooperation)">AIDA</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pluto_in_True_Color_-_High-Res.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Pluto_in_True_Color_-_High-Res.jpg/90px-Pluto_in_True_Color_-_High-Res.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Pluto_in_True_Color_-_High-Res.jpg/135px-Pluto_in_True_Color_-_High-Res.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Pluto_in_True_Color_-_High-Res.jpg/180px-Pluto_in_True_Color_-_High-Res.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8000" data-file-height="8000" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eros,_Vesta_and_Ceres_size_comparison.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Eros%2C_Vesta_and_Ceres_size_comparison.jpg/90px-Eros%2C_Vesta_and_Ceres_size_comparison.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Eros%2C_Vesta_and_Ceres_size_comparison.jpg/135px-Eros%2C_Vesta_and_Ceres_size_comparison.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Eros%2C_Vesta_and_Ceres_size_comparison.jpg/180px-Eros%2C_Vesta_and_Ceres_size_comparison.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1497" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:243_ida_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/243_ida_crop.jpg/90px-243_ida_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/243_ida_crop.jpg/135px-243_ida_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/243_ida_crop.jpg/180px-243_ida_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="618" data-file-height="399" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:67P_Churyumov-Gerasimenko_-_Rosetta_(32755885495).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/67P_Churyumov-Gerasimenko_-_Rosetta_%2832755885495%29.png/90px-67P_Churyumov-Gerasimenko_-_Rosetta_%2832755885495%29.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/67P_Churyumov-Gerasimenko_-_Rosetta_%2832755885495%29.png/135px-67P_Churyumov-Gerasimenko_-_Rosetta_%2832755885495%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/67P_Churyumov-Gerasimenko_-_Rosetta_%2832755885495%29.png/180px-67P_Churyumov-Gerasimenko_-_Rosetta_%2832755885495%29.png 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="3200" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Flybys</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cassini%E2%80%93Huygens" title="Cassini–Huygens">Cassini–Huygens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_2" title="Chang'e 2">Chang'e 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clementine_(spacecraft)" title="Clementine (spacecraft)">Clementine</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CONTOUR" title="CONTOUR">CONTOUR</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_Impact_(spacecraft)" title="Deep Impact (spacecraft)">Deep Impact</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EPOXI" title="EPOXI">EPOXI</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_Space_1" title="Deep Space 1">Deep Space 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galileo_project" title="Galileo project">Galileo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halley_Armada" title="Halley Armada">Halley Armada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giotto_(spacecraft)" title="Giotto (spacecraft)">Giotto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakigake" title="Sakigake">Sakigake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suisei_(spacecraft)" title="Suisei (spacecraft)">Suisei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vega_1" title="Vega 1">Vega 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vega_2" title="Vega 2">Vega 2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Cometary_Explorer" title="International Cometary Explorer">International Cometary Explorer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LICIACube" title="LICIACube">LICIACube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near-Earth_Asteroid_Scout" title="Near-Earth Asteroid Scout">NEA Scout</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NEAR_Shoemaker" title="NEAR Shoemaker">NEAR Shoemaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_6,_7,_8,_and_9#Pioneer_7" title="Pioneer 6, 7, 8, and 9">Pioneer 7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PROCYON" title="PROCYON">PROCYON</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosetta_(spacecraft)" title="Rosetta (spacecraft)">Rosetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stardust_(spacecraft)" title="Stardust (spacecraft)">Stardust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_(spacecraft)" title="Ulysses (spacecraft)">Ulysses</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Orbiters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dawn_(spacecraft)" title="Dawn (spacecraft)">Dawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NEAR_Shoemaker" title="NEAR Shoemaker">NEAR Shoemaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosetta_(spacecraft)" title="Rosetta (spacecraft)">Rosetta</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Rosetta_(spacecraft)" title="Timeline of Rosetta (spacecraft)">Timeline</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Landers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hayabusa" title="Hayabusa">Hayabusa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MINERVA_(spacecraft)" title="MINERVA (spacecraft)">MINERVA</a><sup>†</sup></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hayabusa2</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#MASCOT">MASCOT</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#MINERVA-II">Rover-1A / HIBOU</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#MINERVA-II">Rover-1B / OWL</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#MINERVA-II">Rover-2</a><sup>†</sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NEAR_Shoemaker" title="NEAR Shoemaker">NEAR Shoemaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philae_(spacecraft)" title="Philae (spacecraft)">Philae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Impactors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deep_Impact_(spacecraft)" title="Deep Impact (spacecraft)">Deep Impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_Asteroid_Redirection_Test" title="Double Asteroid Redirection Test">DART</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AIDA_(international_space_cooperation)" title="AIDA (international space cooperation)">AIDA</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sample return</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hayabusa" title="Hayabusa">Hayabusa</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hayabusa2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stardust_(spacecraft)" title="Stardust (spacecraft)">Stardust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSIRIS-REx" title="OSIRIS-REx">OSIRIS-REx</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Planned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tianwen-2" title="Tianwen-2">Tianwen-2</a> (multiple flybys and sample return, 2025)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DESTINY%2B" title="DESTINY+">DESTINY+</a> (multiple flybys, 2028)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MBR_Explorer" title="MBR Explorer">MBR Explorer</a> (multiple flybys and orbiter, 2028)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Interceptor" title="Comet Interceptor">Comet Interceptor</a> (flyby, 2029)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Proposed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Shensuo_(spacecraft)" title="Shensuo (spacecraft)">Shensuo</a></i> (flybys, 2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASTER_(spacecraft)" title="ASTER (spacecraft)">ASTER</a> (orbiter, 2025)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramses_(spacecraft)" title="Ramses (spacecraft)">Ramses</a> (2029)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Interstellar_Probe_(spacecraft)" title="Interstellar Probe (spacecraft)">Interstellar Probe</a></i> (flyby, 2030–2042)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Cancelled or <br />not developed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AGORA_mission" class="mw-redirect" title="AGORA mission">AGORA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AIDA_(international_space_cooperation)#History" title="AIDA (international space cooperation)">AIM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteroid_Redirect_Mission" title="Asteroid Redirect Mission">Asteroid Redirect Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athena_(spacecraft)" title="Athena (spacecraft)">Athena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAESAR_(spacecraft)" title="CAESAR (spacecraft)">CAESAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castalia_(spacecraft)" title="Castalia (spacecraft)">Castalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centaurus_(spacecraft_mission)" title="Centaurus (spacecraft mission)">Centaurus</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chimera_(spacecraft)" title="Chimera (spacecraft)">Chimera</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clementine_2" title="Clementine 2">Clementine 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Hopper" title="Comet Hopper">Comet Hopper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Nucleus_Dust_and_Organics_Return" title="Comet Nucleus Dust and Organics Return">CONDOR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Rendezvous,_Sample_Acquisition,_Investigation,_and_Return" title="Comet Rendezvous, Sample Acquisition, Investigation, and Return">CORSAIR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Rendezvous_Asteroid_Flyby" title="Comet Rendezvous Asteroid Flyby">CRAF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Quijote_(spacecraft)" title="Don Quijote (spacecraft)">Don Quijote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HAMMER_(spacecraft)" title="HAMMER (spacecraft)">HAMMER</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayabusa_Mk2" title="Hayabusa Mk2">Hayabusa Mk2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janus_(spacecraft)" title="Janus (spacecraft)">Janus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAOSEP" class="mw-redirect" title="MAOSEP">MAOSEP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MANTIS_(spacecraft)" title="MANTIS (spacecraft)">MANTIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Polo_(spacecraft)" title="Marco Polo (spacecraft)">Marco Polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Horizons_2" title="New Horizons 2">New Horizons 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OKEANOS" title="OKEANOS">OKEANOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vesta_(spacecraft)" title="Vesta (spacecraft)">Vesta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asteroid_belt" title="Asteroid belt">Asteroid belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteroid_capture" title="Asteroid capture">Asteroid capture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteroid_mining" title="Asteroid mining">Asteroid mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonization_of_the_asteroids" class="mw-redirect" title="Colonization of the asteroids">Colonization of asteroids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceres_(dwarf_planet)" title="Ceres (dwarf planet)">Ceres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pluto" title="Pluto">Pluto</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Exploration_of_Pluto" title="Exploration of Pluto">Exploration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Solar_System_body" title="Small Solar System body">Small Solar System bodies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Near-Earth_object" title="Near-Earth object">Near-Earth object</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans-Neptunian_object" title="Trans-Neptunian object">Trans-Neptunian object</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colonization_of_trans-Neptunian_objects" title="Colonization of trans-Neptunian objects">Colonization</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trojan_(celestial_body)" title="Trojan (celestial body)">Trojan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4_Vesta" title="4 Vesta">Vesta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="text-align: center;"><div> <ul><li>Probes are listed in chronological order of launch. <sup>†</sup> indicates mission failures.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Japanese_space_program473" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Japanese_space_program" title="Template:Japanese space program"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Japanese_space_program" title="Template talk:Japanese space program"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Japanese_space_program" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Japanese space program"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Japanese_space_program473" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_space_program" title="Japanese space program">Japanese space program</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><i>Italics</i> indicates projects in development.</li> <li>Symbol <sup>†</sup> indicates failed projects.</li> <li><s>Strikethrough lines</s> indicate cancelled projects.</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncolapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Space_agencies473" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Space_agencies" class="mw-redirect" title="Space agencies">Space agencies</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National space agencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/JAXA" title="JAXA">JAXA</a> <ul><li>former <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Space_and_Astronautical_Science" title="Institute of Space and Astronautical Science">ISAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Aerospace_Laboratory_of_Japan" title="National Aerospace Laboratory of Japan">NAL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Space_Development_Agency_of_Japan" title="National Space Development Agency of Japan">NASDA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Information_and_Communications_Technology" title="National Institute of Information and Communications Technology">NICT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Space_Systems" title="Japan Space Systems">JSS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Joint development partners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span>United States <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:European_Space_Agency_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/European_Space_Agency_logo.svg/30px-European_Space_Agency_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/European_Space_Agency_logo.svg/45px-European_Space_Agency_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/European_Space_Agency_logo.svg/60px-European_Space_Agency_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="475" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/European_Space_Agency" title="European Space Agency">ESA</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/15px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/30px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span>Italy <a href="/wiki/Italian_Space_Agency" title="Italian Space Agency">ASI</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Canada <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Space_Agency" title="Canadian Space Agency">CSA</a><sup><small>4</small></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Russia <a href="/wiki/Roscosmos" title="Roscosmos">Roscosmos</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/15px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/23px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/30px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span>Brazil <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Space_Agency" title="Brazilian Space Agency">AEB</a><sup><small>6</small></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_for_Space_Research" title="National Institute for Space Research">INPE</a><sup><small>7</small></sup></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/15px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/30px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>India <a href="/wiki/Indian_Space_Research_Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Space Research Organisation">ISRO</a><sup><small>8</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncolapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Astronomical_observation473" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Astronomical_observation" class="mw-redirect" title="Astronomical observation">Astronomical observation</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akari_(satellite)" title="Akari (satellite)">Akari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Satellite_for_Cosmology_and_Astrophysics" title="Advanced Satellite for Cosmology and Astrophysics">ASCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASTRO-E" class="mw-redirect" title="ASTRO-E">ASTRO-E</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><s><a href="/wiki/Astro-G" title="Astro-G">Astro-G</a></s></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_Radiation_Satellite" title="Cosmic Radiation Satellite">CORSA</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginga_(satellite)" title="Ginga (satellite)">Ginga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakucho" title="Hakucho">Hakucho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HALCA" title="HALCA">HALCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinotori_(satellite)" title="Hinotori (satellite)">Hinotori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitomi_(satellite)" title="Hitomi (satellite)">Hitomi</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><s><a href="/wiki/SPICA_(spacecraft)" title="SPICA (spacecraft)">SPICA</a></s></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzaku_(satellite)" title="Suzaku (satellite)">Suzaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenma" title="Tenma">Tenma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yohkoh" title="Yohkoh">Yohkoh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hinode_(satellite)" title="Hinode (satellite)">Hinode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hisaki_(satellite)" title="Hisaki (satellite)">Hisaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-Ray_Imaging_and_Spectroscopy_Mission" title="X-Ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission">XRISM</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Future</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Telescope_for_High_Energy_Astrophysics" title="Advanced Telescope for High Energy Astrophysics">ATHENA</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOLAR-C" title="SOLAR-C">SOLAR-C</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GREX-PLUS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GREX-PLUS (page does not exist)">GREX-PLUS</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/GREX-PLUS" class="extiw" title="ja:GREX-PLUS">ja</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HiZ-GUNDAM&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HiZ-GUNDAM (page does not exist)">HiZ-GUNDAM</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/HiZ-GUNDAM" class="extiw" title="ja:HiZ-GUNDAM">ja</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=LAPYUTA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LAPYUTA (page does not exist)">LAPYUTA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LiteBIRD" title="LiteBIRD">LiteBIRD</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Grace_Roman_Space_Telescope" title="Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope">Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope</a></i><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nano-JASMINE" title="Nano-JASMINE">JASMINE</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncolapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Communications_satellites,_broadcasting_satellites_and_satellite_navigation_systems473" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Communications_satellite" title="Communications satellite">Communications satellites</a>, <a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_Satellite_(Japanese)" class="mw-redirect" title="Broadcasting Satellite (Japanese)">broadcasting satellites</a> and <a href="/wiki/Satellite_navigation" title="Satellite navigation">satellite navigation</a> systems</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>BS <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BS-2X" class="mw-redirect" title="BS-2X">2X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BS-3H" class="mw-redirect" title="BS-3H">3H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BS-3N" class="mw-redirect" title="BS-3N">3N</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=COMETS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="COMETS (page does not exist)">Kakehashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OICETS" title="OICETS">Kirari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WINDS" title="WINDS">Kizuna</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kodama_(satellite)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kodama (satellite) (page does not exist)">Kodama</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MBSat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MBSat (page does not exist)">MBSat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-STAR" class="mw-redirect" title="N-STAR">N-STAR</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/N-STAR_a" title="N-STAR a">a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-STAR_b" title="N-STAR b">b</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sakura (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sakura_(satellite)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sakura (satellite) (page does not exist)">1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CS-2a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CS-2a (page does not exist)">2a</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CS-2b&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CS-2b (page does not exist)">2b</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CS-3a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CS-3a (page does not exist)">3a</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CS-3b&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CS-3b (page does not exist)">3b</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuri_(satellite)" title="Yuri (satellite)">Yuri</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yuri_(satellite)" title="Yuri (satellite)">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BS-2a" class="mw-redirect" title="BS-2a">2a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BS-2b" class="mw-redirect" title="BS-2b">2b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BS-3a" class="mw-redirect" title="BS-3a">3a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BS-3b" class="mw-redirect" title="BS-3b">3b</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DSN_Corporation" title="DSN Corporation">Kirameki</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Superbird-B3" title="Superbird-B3">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DSN-2" title="DSN-2">2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quasi-Zenith_Satellite_System" title="Quasi-Zenith Satellite System">Michibiki</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/QZS-1" class="mw-redirect" title="QZS-1">1</a></li> <li>2</li> <li>3</li> <li>4</li> <li><a href="/wiki/QZS-1R" title="QZS-1R">1R</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-Functional_Transport_Satellite" title="Multi-Functional Transport Satellite">MTSAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-STAR" class="mw-redirect" title="N-STAR">N-STAR</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/N-STAR_c" title="N-STAR c">c</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JCSAT-5A" title="JCSAT-5A">d</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JDRS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JDRS (page does not exist)">JDRS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Future</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DSN_Corporation" title="DSN Corporation">DSN</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DSN-3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DSN-3 (page does not exist)">3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quasi-Zenith_Satellite_System" title="Quasi-Zenith Satellite System">QZS</a> <ul><li>5</li> <li>6</li> <li>7</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncolapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Earth_observation473" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Earth_observation" title="Earth observation">Earth observation</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akebono_(satellite)" title="Akebono (satellite)">Akebono</a></li> <li>Daichi <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Land_Observing_Satellite" title="Advanced Land Observing Satellite">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALOS-3" title="ALOS-3">3</a><sup>†</sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denpa_(satellite)" title="Denpa (satellite)">Denpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JERS-1" title="JERS-1">Fuyo-1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jikiken&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jikiken (page does not exist)">Jikiken</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kyokko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kyokko (page does not exist)">Kyokko</a></li> <li>Midori <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ADEOS_I" title="ADEOS I">I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADEOS_II" title="ADEOS II">II</a></li></ul></li> <li>Momo <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MOS-1_(satellite)" title="MOS-1 (satellite)">1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MOS-1b_(satellite)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MOS-1b (satellite) (page does not exist)">1b</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ohozora_(satellite)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ohozora (satellite) (page does not exist)">Ohozora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SRATS" class="mw-redirect" title="SRATS">Taiyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_Rainfall_Measuring_Mission" title="Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission">TRMM</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li>Ume <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ionosphere_Sounding_Satellite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ionosphere Sounding Satellite (page does not exist)">1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISS-b&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISS-b (page does not exist)">b</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geotail" title="Geotail">Geotail</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aqua_(satellite)" title="Aqua (satellite)">Aqua</a><sup><small>1,7</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arase_(satellite)" title="Arase (satellite)">Arase</a></li> <li>ASNARO <ul><li>1</li> <li>2</li></ul></li> <li>Daichi <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ALOS-2" title="ALOS-2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALOS-4" title="ALOS-4">4</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EarthCARE" title="EarthCARE">EarthCARE</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Precipitation_Measurement" title="Global Precipitation Measurement">GPM</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himawari_(satellites)" title="Himawari (satellites)">Himawari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_Gases_Observing_Satellite" title="Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite">Ibuki</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_Gases_Observing_Satellite" title="Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite">original</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_Gases_Observing_Satellite-2" title="Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite-2">2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GCOM-C" class="mw-redirect" title="GCOM-C">Shikisai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GCOM-W" class="mw-redirect" title="GCOM-W">Shizuku</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Future</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GOSAT-GW" class="mw-redirect" title="GOSAT-GW">GOSAT-GW</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Precipitation_Measuring_Mission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Precipitation Measuring Mission (page does not exist)">PMM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncolapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Engineering_tests473" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Engineering tests</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Ayame <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Experimental_Communications_Satellite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Experimental Communications Satellite (page does not exist)">1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ECS-b&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ECS-b (page does not exist)">2</a></li></ul></li> <li>DASH</li> <li>EXPRESS</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IKAROS" title="IKAROS">IKAROS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MABES" title="MABES">Jindai</a></li> <li>Kiku <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ETS-I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ETS-I (page does not exist)">1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ETS-II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ETS-II (page does not exist)">2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ETS-III&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ETS-III (page does not exist)">3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ETS-IV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ETS-IV (page does not exist)">4</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ETS-V&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ETS-V (page does not exist)">5</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ETS-VI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ETS-VI (page does not exist)">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ETS-VII" title="ETS-VII">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ETS-VIII" title="ETS-VIII">8</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=LDREX&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LDREX (page does not exist)">LDREX</a> <ul><li>1</li> <li>2</li></ul></li> <li>LRE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Micro_LabSat-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Micro LabSat-1 (page does not exist)">Micro LabSat-1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vehicle_Evaluation_Payload&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vehicle Evaluation Payload (page does not exist)">Myojo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohsumi_(satellite)" title="Ohsumi (satellite)">Ohsumi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DEBUT&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DEBUT (page does not exist)">Orizuru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innovative_Satellite_Technology_Demonstration_Program" title="Innovative Satellite Technology Demonstration Program">RAISE</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RAISE-2" title="RAISE-2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAISE-3" title="RAISE-3">3</a><sup>†</sup></li></ul></li> <li><s><a href="/w/index.php?title=PETSAT&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PETSAT (page does not exist)">PETSAT</a></s></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAPIS-1" title="RAPIS-1">RAPIS-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OREX" title="OREX">Ryusei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SERVIS-1" title="SERVIS-1">SERVIS-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SERVIS-2" title="SERVIS-2">SERVIS-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SDS-1" title="SDS-1">SDS-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Flyer_Unit" title="Space Flyer Unit">SFU</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MS-F2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MS-F2 (page does not exist)">Shinsei</a></li> <li><s><a href="/w/index.php?title=SmartSat-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SmartSat-1 (page does not exist)">SmartSat-1</a></s></li> <li>Tansei <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tansei" title="Tansei">1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MS-T2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MS-T2 (page does not exist)">2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MS-T3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MS-T3 (page does not exist)">3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MS-T4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MS-T4 (page does not exist)">4</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRICOM-1R" title="TRICOM-1R">Tasuki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Low_Altitude_Test_Satellite" title="Super Low Altitude Test Satellite">Tsubame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MDS-1" title="MDS-1">Tsubasa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unmanned_Space_Experiment_Recovery_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unmanned Space Experiment Recovery System (page does not exist)">USERS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ajisai" title="Ajisai">Ajisai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reimei" title="Reimei">Reimei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SDS-4" title="SDS-4">SDS-4</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Future</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BEAK_(satellite)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BEAK (satellite) (page does not exist)">BEAK</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=ETS-IX&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ETS-IX (page does not exist)">ETS-IX</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=G-SATELLITE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="G-SATELLITE (page does not exist)">G-SATELLITE</a></li> <li>SERVIS-3</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncolapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Human_spaceflight473" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Human_spaceflight" title="Human spaceflight">Human spaceflight</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><s><a href="/wiki/Fuji_(spacecraft)" title="Fuji (spacecraft)">Fuji crewed spacecraft</a></s></li> <li><s><a href="/wiki/HOPE-X" title="HOPE-X">HOPE-X</a></s></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H-II_Transfer_Vehicle" title="H-II Transfer Vehicle">H-II Transfer Vehicle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station (ISS)</a> & <a href="/wiki/Kib%C5%8D_(ISS_module)" title="Kibō (ISS module)">Japanese Experiment Module (Kibō)</a><sup><small>1,2,3,4,5,6</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Future</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HTV-X" title="HTV-X">HTV-X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Space_Station_Module_(Mitsui)" title="Japanese Space Station Module (Mitsui)">Japanese Space Station Module (Mitsui)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Gateway" title="Lunar Gateway">Lunar Gateway</a><sup><small>1,2,4</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncolapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Space_probes473" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Space_probes" class="mw-redirect" title="Space probes">Space probes</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Lunar_Exploration_Program" title="Japanese Lunar Exploration Program">The Moon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hakuto-R_Mission_1" title="Hakuto-R Mission 1">Hakuto-R Mission 1</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiten_(spacecraft)" title="Hiten (spacecraft)">Hiten</a></li> <li><s><a href="/wiki/Lunar-A" title="Lunar-A">Lunar-A</a></s></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SELENE" title="SELENE">Kaguya (SELENE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OMOTENASHI" title="OMOTENASHI">OMOTENASHI</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><s><a href="/wiki/SELENE-2" title="SELENE-2">SELENE-2</a></s></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_Lander_for_Investigating_Moon" title="Smart Lander for Investigating Moon">Smart Lander for Investigating Moon</a> (SLIM)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EQUULEUS" title="EQUULEUS">EQUULEUS</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hakuto-R_Mission_2" title="Hakuto-R Mission 2">Hakuto-R Mission 2</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Future</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HERACLES_(spacecraft)" title="HERACLES (spacecraft)">HERACLES</a><sup><small>2,4</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Cruiser" title="Lunar Cruiser">Lunar Cruiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Polar_Exploration_Mission" title="Lunar Polar Exploration Mission">Lunar Polar Exploration Mission</a><sup><small>8</small></sup> (LUPEX)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yaoki" title="Yaoki">Yaoki</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hayabusa" title="Hayabusa">Hayabusa</a></li> <li><s><a href="/wiki/Hayabusa_Mk2" title="Hayabusa Mk2">Hayabusa Mk2</a></s></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nozomi_(spacecraft)" title="Nozomi (spacecraft)">Nozomi</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PROCYON" title="PROCYON">PROCYON</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakigake" title="Sakigake">Sakigake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shin%27en_(spacecraft)" title="Shin'en (spacecraft)">Shin'en</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suisei_(spacecraft)" title="Suisei (spacecraft)">Suisei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akatsuki_(spacecraft)" title="Akatsuki (spacecraft)">Akatsuki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BepiColombo" title="BepiColombo">BepiColombo (MMO/Mio)</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hayabusa2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jupiter_Icy_Moons_Explorer" title="Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer">Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hera_(space_mission)" title="Hera (space mission)">Hera</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Future</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Interceptor" title="Comet Interceptor">Comet Interceptor</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/DESTINY%2B" title="DESTINY+">DESTINY+</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dragonfly_(Titan_space_probe)" title="Dragonfly (Titan space probe)">Dragonfly</a></i><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MELOS" title="MELOS">MELOS</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Martian_Moons_eXploration" title="Martian Moons eXploration">Martian Moons eXploration</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Next_Generation_Small-Body_Sample_Return&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Next Generation Small-Body Sample Return (page does not exist)">Next Generation Small-Body Sample Return</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tera-hertz_Explorer" title="Tera-hertz Explorer">TEREX</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncolapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Reconnaissance_satellites473" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Reconnaissance_satellite" title="Reconnaissance satellite">Reconnaissance satellites</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Information_Gathering_Satellite" title="Information Gathering Satellite">IGS</a>-Optical <ul><li>1</li> <li>2</li> <li>Experimentally 3</li></ul></li> <li>IGS-Radar <ul><li>1</li> <li>2</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>IGS-Optical <ul><li>3</li> <li>4</li> <li>5</li> <li>6</li> <li>Experimentally 5</li></ul></li> <li>IGS-Radar <ul><li>3</li> <li>4</li> <li>Spare</li> <li>5</li> <li>6</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Future</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>IGS-Optical</i> <ul><li><i>7</i></li> <li><i>8</i></li></ul></li> <li><i>IGS-Radar</i> <ul><li><i>7</i></li> <li>8</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncolapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Private_small_satellites473" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Private <a href="/wiki/Small_satellite" title="Small satellite">small satellites</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OPUSAT" title="OPUSAT">CosMoz</a></li> <li>CUTE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CUTE-1.7" class="mw-redirect" title="CUTE-1.7">1.7+APD</a></li></ul></li> <li>Fuji <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fuji-OSCAR_12&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fuji-OSCAR 12 (page does not exist)">1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fuji-OSCAR_20&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fuji-OSCAR 20 (page does not exist)">2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayato_(satellite)" title="Hayato (satellite)">Hayato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIBARI_(satellite)" title="HIBARI (satellite)">HIBARI</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HITSat-OSCAR_59&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HITSat-OSCAR 59 (page does not exist)">HIT-SAT</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SORUNSAT-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SORUNSAT-1 (page does not exist)">Kagayaki</a></li> <li>Kanta-kun (WEOS)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=STARS_(satellite)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="STARS (satellite) (page does not exist)">Kūkai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sohla" title="Sohla">Maido-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negai_(satellite)" title="Negai (satellite)">Negai☆″</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niwaka" title="Niwaka">Niwaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAIKO_(satellite)" title="RAIKO (satellite)">RAIKO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waseda-SAT2" title="Waseda-SAT2">Waseda-SAT2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WE_WISH" title="WE WISH">WE WISH</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>CUTE <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CUTE-I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CUTE-I (page does not exist)">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CUTE-1.7_%2B_APD" title="CUTE-1.7 + APD">1.7+APDII</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fuji-OSCAR_29&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fuji-OSCAR 29 (page does not exist)">Fuji-3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PRISM_(satellite)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PRISM (satellite) (page does not exist)">Hitomi</a></li> <li>Hodoyoshi <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hodoyoshi_1" title="Hodoyoshi 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RISESAT" class="mw-redirect" title="RISESAT">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hodoyoshi_3" title="Hodoyoshi 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hodoyoshi_4" title="Hodoyoshi 4">4</a></li></ul></li> <li>Horyu <ul><li>2</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=KKS-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KKS-1 (page does not exist)">Kiseki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PROITERES" title="PROITERES">PROITERES</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SPRITE-SAT&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SPRITE-SAT (page does not exist)">Raijin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raijin-2" title="Raijin-2">Raijin-2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SEEDS_(satellite)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SEEDS (satellite) (page does not exist)">SEEDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOCRATES_(satellite)" title="SOCRATES (satellite)">SOCRATES</a></li> <li>XI <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=XI-IV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="XI-IV (page does not exist)">IV</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=XI-V&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="XI-V (page does not exist)">V</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Future</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/DRUMS" title="DRUMS">DRUMS</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/KITSUNE" title="KITSUNE">KITSUNE</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/OPUSAT-II" title="OPUSAT-II">OPUSAT-II</a></i></li> <li><i>QSAT-EOS</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/RSP-01" title="RSP-01">RSP-01</a></i></li> <li><i>SOMESAT</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/SpaceTuna1" title="SpaceTuna1">SpaceTuna1</a></i></li> <li><i>SPROUT</i></li> <li><i>TSUBAME</i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=WNI_satellite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WNI satellite (page does not exist)">WNI satellite</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Astrobiology384" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Astrobiology" title="Template:Astrobiology"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Astrobiology" title="Template talk:Astrobiology"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Astrobiology" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Astrobiology"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Astrobiology384" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Astrobiology" title="Astrobiology">Astrobiology</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Disciplines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astrochemistry" title="Astrochemistry">Astrochemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrophysics" title="Astrophysics">Astrophysics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Atmospheric sciences">Atmospheric sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biochemistry" title="Biochemistry">Biochemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_biology" title="Evolutionary biology">Evolutionary biology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exoplanetology" class="mw-redirect" title="Exoplanetology">Exoplanetology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geomicrobiology" title="Geomicrobiology">Geomicrobiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microbiology" title="Microbiology">Microbiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleontology" title="Paleontology">Paleontology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_oceanography" title="Planetary oceanography">Planetary oceanography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_science" title="Planetary science">Planetary science</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Main topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abiogenesis" title="Abiogenesis">Abiogenesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_Hills_84001" title="Allan Hills 84001">Allan Hills 84001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biomolecule" title="Biomolecule">Biomolecule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biosignature" title="Biosignature">Biosignature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drake_equation" title="Drake equation">Drake equation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earliest_known_life_forms" title="Earliest known life forms">Earliest known life forms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_analog" title="Earth analog">Earth analog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extraterrestrial_life" title="Extraterrestrial life">Extraterrestrial life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extraterrestrial_sample_curation" title="Extraterrestrial sample curation">Extraterrestrial sample curation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extremophile" title="Extremophile">Extremophiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypothetical_types_of_biochemistry" title="Hypothetical types of biochemistry">Hypothetical types of biochemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_microorganisms_tested_in_outer_space" title="List of microorganisms tested in outer space">List of microorganisms tested in outer space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_planet" class="mw-redirect" title="Ocean planet">Ocean planet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panspermia" title="Panspermia">Panspermia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_protection" title="Planetary protection">Planetary protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Search_for_extraterrestrial_intelligence" title="Search for extraterrestrial intelligence">Search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamato_000593" title="Yamato 000593">Yamato meteorite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Planetary_habitability" title="Planetary habitability">Planetary<br />habitability</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Circumstellar_habitable_zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Circumstellar habitable zone">Circumstellar habitable zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_analog" title="Earth analog">Earth analog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extraterrestrial_liquid_water" title="Extraterrestrial liquid water">Extraterrestrial liquid water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galactic_habitable_zone" title="Galactic habitable zone">Galactic habitable zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitability_of_binary_star_systems" title="Habitability of binary star systems">Habitability of binary star systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitability_of_natural_satellites" title="Habitability of natural satellites">Habitability of natural satellites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitability_of_neutron_star_systems" title="Habitability of neutron star systems">Habitability of neutron star systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitability_of_red_dwarf_systems" title="Habitability of red dwarf systems">Habitability of red dwarf systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitability_of_K-type_main-sequence_star_systems" title="Habitability of K-type main-sequence star systems">Habitability of K-type main-sequence star systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitability_of_yellow_dwarf_systems" title="Habitability of yellow dwarf systems">Habitability of yellow dwarf systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitability_of_F-type_main-sequence_star_systems" title="Habitability of F-type main-sequence star systems">Habitability of F-type main-sequence star systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitable_zone_for_complex_life" title="Habitable zone for complex life">Habitable zone for complex life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_potentially_habitable_exoplanets" title="List of potentially habitable exoplanets">List of potentially habitable exoplanets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tholin" title="Tholin">Tholin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superhabitable_planet" class="mw-redirect" title="Superhabitable planet">Superhabitable planet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Space<br /> missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Earth orbit</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_Flyer_Unit#Experimentation_data" title="Space Flyer Unit">BIO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_17#Biological_cosmic_ray_experiment" title="Apollo 17">BIOCORE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biolab" title="Biolab">Biolab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bion_(satellite)" title="Bion (satellite)">Bion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BIOPAN" title="BIOPAN">BIOPAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biosatellite_program" title="Biosatellite program">Biosatellite program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exposing_Microorganisms_in_the_Stratosphere" title="Exposing Microorganisms in the Stratosphere">E-MIST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exobiology_Radiation_Assembly" title="Exobiology Radiation Assembly">ERA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EuCROPIS" title="EuCROPIS">Eu:CROPIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Duration_Exposure_Facility#EXOSTACK" title="Long Duration Exposure Facility">EXOSTACK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EXPOSE" title="EXPOSE">EXPOSE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_4#Lunar_lander" title="Chang'e 4">Lunar Micro Ecosystem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O/OREOS" title="O/OREOS">O/OREOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OREOcube" title="OREOcube">OREOcube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanpopo_(mission)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanpopo (mission)">Tanpopo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetable_Production_System" title="Vegetable Production System">VEGGIE</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Mars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beagle_2" title="Beagle 2">Beagle 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fobos-Grunt" title="Fobos-Grunt">Fobos-Grunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Science_Laboratory" title="Mars Science Laboratory">Mars Science Laboratory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Curiosity_(rover)" title="Curiosity (rover)"><i>Curiosity</i> rover</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_2020" title="Mars 2020">Mars 2020</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Perseverance_(rover)" title="Perseverance (rover)"><i>Perseverance</i> rover</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_(spacecraft)" title="Phoenix (spacecraft)">Phoenix</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianwen-1" title="Tianwen-1">Tianwen-1</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhurong_(rover)" title="Zhurong (rover)"><i>Zhurong</i> rover</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trace_Gas_Orbiter" title="Trace Gas Orbiter">Trace Gas Orbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_lander_biological_experiments" title="Viking lander biological experiments">Viking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Comets and<br />asteroids</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hayabusa2</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSIRIS-REx" title="OSIRIS-REx">OSIRIS-REx</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rosetta_(spacecraft)" title="Rosetta (spacecraft)">Rosetta</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Heliocentric</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BioSentinel" title="BioSentinel">BioSentinel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Planned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dragonfly_(Titan_space_probe)" title="Dragonfly (Titan space probe)">Dragonfly</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europa_Clipper" title="Europa Clipper">Europa Clipper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ExoMars" title="ExoMars">ExoMars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rosalind_Franklin_(rover)" title="Rosalind Franklin (rover)"><i>Rosalind Franklin</i> rover</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Proposed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breakthrough_Enceladus_mission" title="Breakthrough Enceladus mission">Breakthrough Enceladus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BRUIE" title="BRUIE">BRUIE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAESAR_(spacecraft)" title="CAESAR (spacecraft)">CAESAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enceladus_Explorer" title="Enceladus Explorer">Enceladus Explorer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enceladus_Life_Finder" title="Enceladus Life Finder">Enceladus Life Finder‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enceladus_Life_Signatures_and_Habitability" title="Enceladus Life Signatures and Habitability">Enceladus Life Signatures and Habitability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enceladus_Orbilander" title="Enceladus Orbilander">Enceladus Orbilander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europa_Lander_(NASA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Europa Lander (NASA)">Europa Lander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ExoLance" title="ExoLance">ExoLance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_of_Enceladus_and_Titan" title="Explorer of Enceladus and Titan">Explorer of Enceladus and Titan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icebreaker_Life" title="Icebreaker Life">Icebreaker Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journey_to_Enceladus_and_Titan" title="Journey to Enceladus and Titan">Journey to Enceladus and Titan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laplace-P" title="Laplace-P">Laplace-P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_Investigation_For_Enceladus" title="Life Investigation For Enceladus">Life Investigation For Enceladus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_sample_return_mission" class="mw-redirect" title="Mars sample return mission">Mars sample return mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceanus_(Titan_orbiter)" title="Oceanus (Titan orbiter)">Oceanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/THEO" title="THEO">THEO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trident_(spacecraft)" title="Trident (spacecraft)">Trident</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Cancelled and <br />undeveloped</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astrobiology_Field_Laboratory" title="Astrobiology Field Laboratory">Astrobiology Field Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beagle_3" title="Beagle 3">Beagle 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biological_Oxidant_and_Life_Detection" title="Biological Oxidant and Life Detection">Biological Oxidant and Life Detection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazachok" title="Kazachok">Kazachok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Living_Interplanetary_Flight_Experiment" title="Living Interplanetary Flight Experiment">Living Interplanetary Flight Experiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Astrobiology_Explorer-Cacher" title="Mars Astrobiology Explorer-Cacher">Mars Astrobiology Explorer-Cacher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MELOS" title="MELOS">MELOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Light_(spacecraft)" title="Northern Light (spacecraft)">Northern Light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Red_Dragon" title="SpaceX Red Dragon">Red Dragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrestrial_Planet_Finder" title="Terrestrial Planet Finder">Terrestrial Planet Finder</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Institutions<br />and programs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astrobiology_Society_of_Britain" title="Astrobiology Society of Britain">Astrobiology Society of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrobiology_Science_and_Technology_for_Exploring_Planets" title="Astrobiology Science and Technology for Exploring Planets">Astrobiology Science and Technology for Exploring Planets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakthrough_Initiatives" title="Breakthrough Initiatives">Breakthrough Initiatives</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breakthrough_Listen" title="Breakthrough Listen">Breakthrough Listen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakthrough_Message" class="mw-redirect" title="Breakthrough Message">Breakthrough Message</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakthrough_Starshot" title="Breakthrough Starshot">Breakthrough Starshot</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Sagan_Institute" title="Carl Sagan Institute">Carl Sagan Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Life_Detection_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="Center for Life Detection Science">Center for Life Detection Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Astrobiology_Network_Association" title="European Astrobiology Network Association">European Astrobiology Network Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MERMOZ" title="MERMOZ">MERMOZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astrobiology_Institute" title="NASA Astrobiology Institute">NASA Astrobiology Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nexus_for_Exoplanet_System_Science" title="Nexus for Exoplanet System Science">Nexus for Exoplanet System Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_Worlds_Exploration_Program" title="Ocean Worlds Exploration Program">Ocean Worlds Exploration Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Astrobiology_Center" title="Spanish Astrobiology Center">Spanish Astrobiology Center‎</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Astrobiology" title="Category:Astrobiology">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Astrobiology" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Astrobiology">Commons</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Planetary_defense172" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Planetary_defense" title="Template:Planetary defense"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Planetary_defense" title="Template talk:Planetary defense"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Planetary_defense" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Planetary defense"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Planetary_defense172" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Asteroid_impact_avoidance" title="Asteroid impact avoidance">Planetary defense</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Main topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asteroid" title="Asteroid">Asteroid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolide" title="Bolide">Bolide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth-grazing_fireball" title="Earth-grazing fireball">Earth-grazing fireball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_event" title="Impact event">Impact event</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meteor_air_burst" title="Meteor air burst">Meteor air burst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meteor_procession" title="Meteor procession">Meteor procession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meteor_shower" title="Meteor shower">Meteor shower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meteorite" title="Meteorite">Meteorite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meteoroid" title="Meteoroid">Meteoroid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near-Earth_object" title="Near-Earth object">Near-Earth object</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potentially_hazardous_object" title="Potentially hazardous object">Potentially hazardous object</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Earth-crossing_minor_planets" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Earth-crossing minor planets">Earth-crossing minor planets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_asteroid_close_approaches_to_Earth" title="List of asteroid close approaches to Earth">Asteroid close approaches</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Defense</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asteroid_impact_avoidance" title="Asteroid impact avoidance">Asteroid impact avoidance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asteroid_laser_ablation" title="Asteroid laser ablation">Asteroid laser ablation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravity_tractor" title="Gravity tractor">Gravity tractor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion-beam_shepherd" title="Ion-beam shepherd">Ion-beam shepherd</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Space probes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dawn_(spacecraft)" title="Dawn (spacecraft)">Dawn</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Deep_Impact_(spacecraft)" title="Deep Impact (spacecraft)">Deep Impact</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HAMMER_(spacecraft)" title="HAMMER (spacecraft)">HAMMER</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AIDA_(mission)" class="mw-redirect" title="AIDA (mission)">AIDA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hera_(space_mission)" title="Hera (space mission)">Hera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_Asteroid_Redirection_Test" title="Double Asteroid Redirection Test"><i>DART</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halley_Armada" title="Halley Armada">Halley Armada</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hayabusa" title="Hayabusa">Hayabusa</a></i></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hayabusa2</a></i> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#MASCOT">MASCOT</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/NEAR_Shoemaker" title="NEAR Shoemaker">NEAR Shoemaker</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near-Earth_Asteroid_Scout" title="Near-Earth Asteroid Scout">NEA Scout</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_Horizons" title="New Horizons">New Horizons</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSIRIS-REx" title="OSIRIS-REx">OSIRIS-REx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PROCYON" title="PROCYON">PROCYON</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rosetta_(spacecraft)" title="Rosetta (spacecraft)">Rosetta</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Philae_(spacecraft)" title="Philae (spacecraft)">Philae</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stardust_(spacecraft)" title="Stardust (spacecraft)">Stardust</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Near-Earth_object" title="Near-Earth object">NEO</a> tracking</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asteroid_Terrestrial-impact_Last_Alert_System" title="Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System">ATLAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalina_Sky_Survey" title="Catalina Sky Survey">Catalina Sky Survey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Near-Earth_Asteroid_Research" title="Lincoln Near-Earth Asteroid Research">LINEAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowell_Observatory_Near-Earth-Object_Search" title="Lowell Observatory Near-Earth-Object Search">LONEOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near-Earth_Asteroid_Tracking" title="Near-Earth Asteroid Tracking">NEAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NEODyS" title="NEODyS">NEODyS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NEO_Surveyor" title="NEO Surveyor">NEO Surveyor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near_Earth_Object_Surveillance_Satellite" title="Near Earth Object Surveillance Satellite">NEOSSat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESA_Optical_Ground_Station" title="ESA Optical Ground Station">OGS Telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbit@home" title="Orbit@home">Orbit@home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-STARRS" title="Pan-STARRS">Pan-STARRS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beijing_Schmidt_CCD_Asteroid_Program" title="Beijing Schmidt CCD Asteroid Program">SCAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentinel_Space_Telescope" title="Sentinel Space Telescope">Sentinel Space Telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentry_(monitoring_system)" title="Sentry (monitoring system)">Sentry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spacewatch" title="Spacewatch">Spacewatch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wide-field_Infrared_Survey_Explorer" title="Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer">WISE</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B612_Foundation" title="B612 Foundation">B612 Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Spaceguard_Association" title="Japan Spaceguard Association">Japan Spaceguard Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meteoritical_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Meteoritical Society">Meteoritical Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteroid_impact_avoidance#Ongoing_projects" title="Asteroid impact avoidance">NEOShield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaceguard" title="Spaceguard">Spaceguard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Spaceguard_Foundation" title="The Spaceguard Foundation">The Spaceguard Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Situational_Awareness_Programme" title="Space Situational Awareness Programme">Space Situational Awareness Programme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_Defense_Coordination_Office" title="Planetary Defense Coordination Office">Planetary Defense Coordination Office</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Hazard rating</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Torino_scale" title="Torino scale">Torino scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palermo_scale" title="Palermo scale">Palermo scale</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Potential threats</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/(29075)_1950_DA" title="(29075) 1950 DA">1950 DA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/101955_Bennu" title="101955 Bennu">101955 Bennu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_RF12" title="2010 RF12">2010 RF<sub>12</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/99942_Apophis" title="99942 Apophis">99942 Apophis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_YR4" title="2024 YR4">2024 YR<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_objects_with_non-zero_Torino_ratings" title="List of objects with non-zero Torino ratings">List of objects with non-zero Torino ratings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Related categories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Impact_events" title="Category:Impact events">Impact events</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fiction_about_meteoroids" title="Category:Fiction about meteoroids">Fiction about meteoroids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fiction_about_impact_events" title="Category:Fiction about impact events">Fiction about impact events</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Exoplanet_search_projects402" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Exoplanet_search_projects" title="Template:Exoplanet search projects"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Exoplanet_search_projects" title="Template talk:Exoplanet search projects"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Exoplanet_search_projects" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Exoplanet search projects"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Exoplanet_search_projects402" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_exoplanet_search_projects" title="List of exoplanet search projects">Exoplanet search projects</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Exoplanetology" class="mw-redirect" title="Exoplanetology">Exoplanetology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exoplanet" title="Exoplanet">Exoplanet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ground-based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Australian_Planet_Search" title="Anglo-Australian Planet Search">AAPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automated_Planet_Finder" title="Automated Planet Finder">APF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_1.2-metre_Leonhard_Euler_Telescope" title="Swiss 1.2-metre Leonhard Euler Telescope">CORALIE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East-Asian_Planet_Search_Network" title="East-Asian Planet Search Network">EAPSNet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ELODIE_spectrograph" title="ELODIE spectrograph">ELODIE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extremely_Large_Telescope#Instrumentation" title="Extremely Large Telescope">EPICS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESPRESSO" title="ESPRESSO">ESPRESSO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiber-optic_Improved_Next-generation_Doppler_Search_for_Exo-Earths" title="Fiber-optic Improved Next-generation Doppler Search for Exo-Earths">FINDS Exo-Earths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva_Extrasolar_Planet_Search" title="Geneva Extrasolar Planet Search">Geneva</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_Accuracy_Radial_Velocity_Planet_Searcher" title="High Accuracy Radial Velocity Planet Searcher">HARPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HARPS-N" title="HARPS-N">HARPS-N</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemini_Planet_Imager" title="Gemini Planet Imager">GPI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HATNet_Project" title="HATNet Project">HATNet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunt_for_Exomoons_with_Kepler" title="Hunt for Exomoons with Kepler">HEK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HiCIAO" class="mw-redirect" title="HiCIAO">HiCIAO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIRES" class="mw-redirect" title="HIRES">HIRES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilodegree_Extremely_Little_Telescope" title="Kilodegree Extremely Little Telescope">KELT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lick%E2%80%93Carnegie_Exoplanet_Survey" title="Lick–Carnegie Exoplanet Survey">LCES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magellan_Planet_Search_Program" title="Magellan Planet Search Program">Magellan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MARVELS" class="mw-redirect" title="MARVELS">MARVELS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MASCARA" title="MASCARA">MASCARA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MEarth_Project" title="MEarth Project">MEarth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MicroFUN" title="MicroFUN">MicroFUN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miniature_Exoplanet_Radial_Velocity_Array" title="Miniature Exoplanet Radial Velocity Array">MINERVA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MINERVA-Australis" title="MINERVA-Australis">Australis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microlensing_Observations_in_Astrophysics" title="Microlensing Observations in Astrophysics">MOA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N2K_Consortium" title="N2K Consortium">N2K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Next-Generation_Transit_Survey" title="Next-Generation Transit Survey">NGTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Exoplanet_Spectroscopic_Survey_Instrument" title="New Mexico Exoplanet Spectroscopic Survey Instrument">NESSI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optical_Gravitational_Lensing_Experiment" title="Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment">OGLE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okayama_Planet_Search_Program" title="Okayama Planet Search Program">OPSP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlanetPol" title="PlanetPol">PlanetPol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_1640" title="Project 1640">Project 1640</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PRL_Advanced_Radial-velocity_All-sky_Search" title="PRL Advanced Radial-velocity All-sky Search">PARAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_Explorations_of_Exoplanets_and_Disks_with_Subaru" title="Strategic Explorations of Exoplanets and Disks with Subaru">SEEDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Search_for_extraterrestrial_intelligence" title="Search for extraterrestrial intelligence">SETI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOPHIE_%C3%A9chelle_spectrograph" title="SOPHIE échelle spectrograph">SOPHIE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SPECULOOS" title="SPECULOOS">SPECULOOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spectro-Polarimetric_High-Contrast_Exoplanet_Research" title="Spectro-Polarimetric High-Contrast Exoplanet Research">SPHERE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wide_Angle_Search_for_Planets" title="Wide Angle Search for Planets">SuperWASP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systemic_(amateur_extrasolar_planet_search_project)" title="Systemic (amateur extrasolar planet search project)">Systemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans-Atlantic_Exoplanet_Survey" title="Trans-Atlantic Exoplanet Survey">TrES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XO_Telescope" class="mw-redirect" title="XO Telescope">XO Telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZIMPOL/CHEOPS" title="ZIMPOL/CHEOPS">ZIMPOL/CHEOPS</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HST_SWEEPS_Detail_2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/HST_SWEEPS_Detail_2006.jpg/80px-HST_SWEEPS_Detail_2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/HST_SWEEPS_Detail_2006.jpg/120px-HST_SWEEPS_Detail_2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/HST_SWEEPS_Detail_2006.jpg/160px-HST_SWEEPS_Detail_2006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="800" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Keplerspacecraft-FocalPlane-cutout.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Keplerspacecraft-FocalPlane-cutout.svg/80px-Keplerspacecraft-FocalPlane-cutout.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="46" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Keplerspacecraft-FocalPlane-cutout.svg/120px-Keplerspacecraft-FocalPlane-cutout.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Keplerspacecraft-FocalPlane-cutout.svg/160px-Keplerspacecraft-FocalPlane-cutout.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="716" data-file-height="416" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LombergA1024.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/LombergA1024.jpg/80px-LombergA1024.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/LombergA1024.jpg/120px-LombergA1024.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/LombergA1024.jpg/160px-LombergA1024.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1596" data-file-height="1206" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Space missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MOST_(satellite)" class="mw-redirect" title="MOST (satellite)">MOST</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2003–2019)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagittarius_Window_Eclipsing_Extrasolar_Planet_Search" title="Sagittarius Window Eclipsing Extrasolar Planet Search">SWEEPS</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">using <a href="/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescope" title="Hubble Space Telescope">HST</a></span> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2006)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CoRoT" title="CoRoT">CoRoT</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2006–2013)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EPOXI" title="EPOXI">EPOXI</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">using <i><a href="/wiki/Deep_Impact_(spacecraft)" title="Deep Impact (spacecraft)">Deep Impact</a></i></span> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2008–2013)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler_space_telescope" title="Kepler space telescope">Kepler</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2009–2018)</span> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_exoplanets_discovered_by_the_Kepler_space_telescope" title="List of exoplanets discovered by the Kepler space telescope">detected exoplanets</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASTERIA_(spacecraft)" title="ASTERIA (spacecraft)">ASTERIA</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2017–2020)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gaia_(spacecraft)" title="Gaia (spacecraft)">Gaia</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2013–present)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transiting_Exoplanet_Survey_Satellite" title="Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite">TESS</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2018–present)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CHEOPS" title="CHEOPS">CHEOPS</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2019–present)</span></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hayabusa2</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2021–present)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Webb_Space_Telescope" title="James Webb Space Telescope">James Webb Space Telescope</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2021–present)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Planned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/PLATO_(spacecraft)" title="PLATO (spacecraft)">PLATO</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2026)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARIEL" title="ARIEL">ARIEL</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2029)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Grace_Roman_Space_Telescope" title="Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope">Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(mid-2020s)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Proposed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Exoplanetary_Circumstellar_Environments_and_Disk_Explorer" title="Exoplanetary Circumstellar Environments and Disk Explorer">EXCEDE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitable_Exoplanet_Imaging_Mission" class="mw-redirect" title="Habitable Exoplanet Imaging Mission">HabEx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Large_Interferometer_For_Exoplanets" title="Large Interferometer For Exoplanets">LIFE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Large_Ultraviolet_Optical_Infrared_Surveyor" title="Large Ultraviolet Optical Infrared Surveyor">LUVOIR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nautilus_Deep_Space_Observatory" title="Nautilus Deep Space Observatory">Nautilus Deep Space Observatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Worlds_Mission" title="New Worlds Mission">New Worlds Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origins_Space_Telescope" title="Origins Space Telescope">OST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PEGASE" title="PEGASE">PEGASE</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cancelled</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Darwin_(spacecraft)" title="Darwin (spacecraft)">Darwin</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EChO" title="EChO">EChO</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eddington_(spacecraft)" title="Eddington (spacecraft)">Eddington</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Interferometry_Mission" title="Space Interferometry Mission">Space Interferometry Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrestrial_Planet_Finder" title="Terrestrial Planet Finder">Terrestrial Planet Finder</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Methods_of_detecting_exoplanets" title="Methods of detecting exoplanets">Detection methods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discoveries_of_exoplanets" title="Discoveries of exoplanets">Discoveries of exoplanets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitable_zone_for_complex_life" title="Habitable zone for complex life">Habitable zone for complex life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_exoplanets" class="mw-redirect" title="Lists of exoplanets">Lists of exoplanets</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_nearest_exoplanets" title="List of nearest exoplanets">nearest</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Exoplanet_search_projects" title="Category:Exoplanet search projects">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Exoplanet_search_projects" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Exoplanet search projects"><b>Commons</b></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="21st-century_space_probes322" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Solar_System_probes" title="Template:Solar System probes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Solar_System_probes" title="Template talk:Solar System probes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Solar_System_probes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Solar System probes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="21st-century_space_probes322" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">21st-century <a href="/wiki/Space_probe" class="mw-redirect" title="Space probe">space probes</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_active_Solar_System_probes" title="List of active Solar System probes">Active space probes</a><br />(deep space missions)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sun</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parker_Solar_Probe" title="Parker Solar Probe">Parker Solar Probe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Orbiter" title="Solar Orbiter">Solar Orbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aditya-L1" title="Aditya-L1">Aditya-L1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_the_Moon" title="List of missions to the Moon">Moon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/THEMIS" title="THEMIS">ARTEMIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAPSTONE" title="CAPSTONE">CAPSTONE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-2" title="Chandrayaan-2">Chandrayaan-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_3" title="Chang'e 3">Chang'e 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_4" title="Chang'e 4">Chang'e 4</a> (<a href="/wiki/Yutu-2" title="Yutu-2"><i>Yutu-2</i> rover</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5" title="Chang'e 5">Chang'e 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danuri" title="Danuri">Danuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Reconnaissance_Orbiter" title="Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter">Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queqiao_relay_satellite" class="mw-redirect" title="Queqiao relay satellite">Queqiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queqiao-2_relay_satellite" class="mw-redirect" title="Queqiao-2 relay satellite">Queqiao 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiandu" title="Tiandu">Tiandu 1 and 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_6" title="Chang'e 6">Chang'e 6</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ICUBE-Q" title="ICUBE-Q">ICUBE-Q</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Ghost_Mission_1" title="Blue Ghost Mission 1">Blue Ghost Mission 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakuto-R_Mission_2" title="Hakuto-R Mission 2">Hakuto-R Mission 2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_Mars" title="List of missions to Mars">Mars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emirates_Mars_Mission" title="Emirates Mars Mission">Emirates Mars Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ExoMars" title="ExoMars">ExoMars</a> <a href="/wiki/Trace_Gas_Orbiter" title="Trace Gas Orbiter">TGO</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mars_Express" title="Mars Express">Mars Express</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2001_Mars_Odyssey" title="2001 Mars Odyssey">2001 Mars Odyssey</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAVEN" title="MAVEN">MAVEN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Reconnaissance_Orbiter" title="Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter">MRO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Science_Laboratory" title="Mars Science Laboratory">MSL</a> <a href="/wiki/Curiosity_(rover)" title="Curiosity (rover)"><i>Curiosity</i> rover</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tianwen-1" title="Tianwen-1">Tianwen-1</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_2020" title="Mars 2020">Mars 2020</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Perseverance_(rover)" title="Perseverance (rover)"><i>Perseverance</i> rover</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other planets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/BepiColombo" title="BepiColombo">BepiColombo</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_Mercury" class="mw-redirect" title="List of missions to Mercury">Mercury</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Akatsuki_(spacecraft)" title="Akatsuki (spacecraft)">Akatsuki</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_Venus" title="List of missions to Venus">Venus</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Juno_(spacecraft)" title="Juno (spacecraft)">Juno</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_the_outer_planets" title="List of missions to the outer planets">Jupiter</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jupiter_Icy_Moons_Explorer" title="Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer">Juice</a></i> <ul><li>Jupiter</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Europa_Clipper" title="Europa Clipper">Europa Clipper</a></i> <ul><li>Jupiter</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_minor_planets" title="List of missions to minor planets">Minor planets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_2" title="Chang'e 2">Chang'e 2</a></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hayabusa2</a></i> / <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#MINERVA-II">MINERVA-II</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lucy_(spacecraft)" title="Lucy (spacecraft)">Lucy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_Horizons" title="New Horizons">New Horizons</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSIRIS-REx" title="OSIRIS-REx">OSIRIS-REx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hera_(space_mission)" title="Hera (space mission)">Hera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psyche_(spacecraft)" title="Psyche (spacecraft)">Psyche</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Interstellar space</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Voyager_1" title="Voyager 1">Voyager 1</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Voyager_2" title="Voyager 2">Voyager 2</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Solar_System_probes" title="List of Solar System probes">Completed after 2000</a><br />(by termination date)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2001 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NEAR_Shoemaker" title="NEAR Shoemaker">NEAR Shoemaker</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Deep_Space_1" title="Deep Space 1">Deep Space 1</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>2003 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_10" title="Pioneer 10">Pioneer 10</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Galileo_(spacecraft)" title="Galileo (spacecraft)">Galileo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nozomi_(spacecraft)" title="Nozomi (spacecraft)">Nozomi</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>2004 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Genesis_(spacecraft)" title="Genesis (spacecraft)">Genesis</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>2005 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Huygens_(spacecraft)" title="Huygens (spacecraft)">Huygens</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>2006 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mars_Global_Surveyor" title="Mars Global Surveyor">Mars Global Surveyor</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>2008 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_(spacecraft)" title="Phoenix (spacecraft)">Phoenix</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>2009 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_1" title="Chang'e 1">Chang'e 1</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_(spacecraft)" title="Ulysses (spacecraft)">Ulysses</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-1" title="Chandrayaan-1">Chandrayaan-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SELENE" title="SELENE">SELENE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LCROSS" title="LCROSS">LCROSS</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2010 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hayabusa" title="Hayabusa">Hayabusa</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Rover" title="Mars Exploration Rover">MER</a> <a href="/wiki/Spirit_(rover)" title="Spirit (rover)"><i>Spirit</i> rover</a></li></ul></li> <li>2011 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Stardust_(spacecraft)" title="Stardust (spacecraft)">Stardust</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>2012 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GRAIL" title="GRAIL">GRAIL</a></li></ul></li> <li>2013 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Deep_Impact_(spacecraft)" title="Deep Impact (spacecraft)">Deep Impact</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>2014 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LADEE" title="LADEE">LADEE</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Venus_Express" title="Venus Express">Venus Express</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5-T1" title="Chang'e 5-T1">Chang'e 5-T1</a></li></ul></li> <li>2015 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/MESSENGER" title="MESSENGER">MESSENGER</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/PROCYON" title="PROCYON">PROCYON</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IKAROS" title="IKAROS">IKAROS</a></li></ul></li> <li>2016 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Rosetta_(spacecraft)" title="Rosetta (spacecraft)">Rosetta</a></i> / <i><a href="/wiki/Philae_(spacecraft)" title="Philae (spacecraft)">Philae</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yutu_(rover)" title="Yutu (rover)"><i>Yutu</i> rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ExoMars" title="ExoMars">ExoMars</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Schiaparelli_EDM" title="Schiaparelli EDM">Schiaparelli</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>2017 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LISA_Pathfinder" title="LISA Pathfinder">LISA Pathfinder</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cassini%E2%80%93Huygens" title="Cassini–Huygens">Cassini</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>2018 <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#MASCOT">MASCOT</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dawn_(spacecraft)" title="Dawn (spacecraft)">Dawn</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longjiang_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Longjiang 1">Longjiang-1</a></li></ul></li> <li>2019 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Cube_One" title="Mars Cube One">MarCO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Rover" title="Mars Exploration Rover">MER</a> <a href="/wiki/Opportunity_(rover)" title="Opportunity (rover)"><i>Opportunity</i> rover</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Beresheet" title="Beresheet">Beresheet</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longjiang_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Longjiang 2">Longjiang-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-2" title="Chandrayaan-2">Chandrayaan-2</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pragyan_(Chandrayaan-2)" title="Pragyan (Chandrayaan-2)"><i>Pragyan</i> rover</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2020 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5" title="Chang'e 5">Chang'e 5</a></li></ul></li> <li>2022 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Double_Asteroid_Redirection_Test" title="Double Asteroid Redirection Test"><i>Double Asteroid Redirection Test</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Orbiter_Mission" title="Mars Orbiter Mission"><i>Mangalyaan</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/InSight" title="InSight"><i>InSight</i></a></li></ul></li> <li>2023 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hakuto-R_Mission_1" title="Hakuto-R Mission 1">Hakuto-R Mission 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_25" title="Luna 25">Luna 25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-2" title="Chandrayaan-2">Chandrayaan-3</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pragyan_(Chandrayaan-3)" title="Pragyan (Chandrayaan-3)"><i>Pragyan</i> rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhurong_(rover)" title="Zhurong (rover)"><i>Zhurong</i> rover</a></li></ul></li> <li>2024 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peregrine_Mission_One" title="Peregrine Mission One">Peregrine Mission One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingenuity_(helicopter)" title="Ingenuity (helicopter)"><i>Ingenuity</i> helicopter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_Lander_for_Investigating_Moon" title="Smart Lander for Investigating Moon">SLIM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IM-1" title="IM-1">IM-1</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Solar_System_probes" title="List of Solar System probes">List of Solar System probes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lunar_probes" title="List of lunar probes">List of lunar probes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extraterrestrial_orbiters" title="List of extraterrestrial orbiters">List of extraterrestrial orbiters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_space_telescopes" title="List of space telescopes">List of space telescopes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="←_2013Orbital_launches_in_20142015_→618" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Orbital_launches_in_2014" title="Template:Orbital launches in 2014"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Orbital_launches_in_2014" title="Template talk:Orbital launches in 2014"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Orbital_launches_in_2014" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Orbital launches in 2014"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="←_2013Orbital_launches_in_20142015_→618" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div style="float: left;"><a href="/wiki/2013_in_spaceflight" title="2013 in spaceflight">← 2013</a></div><a href="/wiki/2014_in_spaceflight" title="2014 in spaceflight"><span class="vevent"><span class="summary">Orbital launches in <span class="dtstart">2014</span></span></span></a><div style="float: right;"><a href="/wiki/2015_in_spaceflight" title="2015 in spaceflight">2015 →</a></div></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">January</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GSAT-14" title="GSAT-14">GSAT-14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaicom_6" title="Thaicom 6">Thaicom 6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cygnus_CRS_Orb-1" class="mw-redirect" title="Cygnus CRS Orb-1">CRS Orb-1</a> (<a href="/wiki/Flock-1" title="Flock-1">Flock-1</a> × 28, <a href="/w/index.php?title=ArduSat-2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ArduSat-2 (page does not exist)">ArduSat-2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lituanica_SAT-1" class="mw-redirect" title="Lituanica SAT-1">Lituanica SAT-1</a>, <a href="/wiki/LitSat-1" title="LitSat-1">LitSat-1</a>, <a href="/wiki/SkyCube" class="mw-redirect" title="SkyCube">SkyCube</a>, <a href="/wiki/UAPSat-1" title="UAPSat-1">UAPSat-1</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TDRS-L" class="mw-redirect" title="TDRS-L">TDRS-L</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">February</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Progress_M-22M" title="Progress M-22M">Progress M-22M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABS-2" title="ABS-2">ABS-2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Athena-Fidus" title="Athena-Fidus">Athena-Fidus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrksat_4A" title="Türksat 4A">Türksat 4A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USA-248" title="USA-248">USA-248</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GPM_Core_Observatory" class="mw-redirect" title="GPM Core Observatory">GPM Core</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ginrei" title="Ginrei">Ginrei</a>, <a href="/wiki/KSAT-2" title="KSAT-2">KSAT-2</a>, <a href="/wiki/INVADER" title="INVADER">INVADER</a>, <a href="/wiki/OPUSAT" title="OPUSAT">OPUSAT</a>, <a href="/wiki/STARS-II" title="STARS-II">STARS-II</a>, <a href="/wiki/TeikyoSat-3" title="TeikyoSat-3">TeikyoSat-3</a>, <a href="/wiki/ITF-1" title="ITF-1">ITF-1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">March</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ekspress_AT1" class="mw-redirect" title="Ekspress AT1">Ekspress AT1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ekspress_AT2" class="mw-redirect" title="Ekspress AT2">Ekspress AT2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astra_5B" title="Astra 5B">Astra 5B</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amazonas_4A" title="Amazonas 4A">Amazonas 4A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2494" title="Kosmos 2494">Kosmos 2494</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-12M" title="Soyuz TMA-12M">Soyuz TMA-12M</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shijian" title="Shijian">Shijian XI-06</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">April</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_USA_satellites" class="mw-redirect" title="List of USA satellites">USA-249</a> / <a href="/wiki/Defense_Meteorological_Satellite_Program" title="Defense Meteorological Satellite Program">DMSP-5D3 F19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentinel-1A" title="Sentinel-1A">Sentinel-1A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRNSS-1B" title="IRNSS-1B">IRNSS-1B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress_M-23M" title="Progress M-23M">Progress M-23M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ofek-10" class="mw-redirect" title="Ofek-10">Ofek-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_USA_satellites" class="mw-redirect" title="List of USA satellites">USA-250</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EgyptSat_2" title="EgyptSat 2">EgyptSat 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_CRS-3" title="SpaceX CRS-3">SpaceX CRS-3</a> (<span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/KickSat" title="KickSat">KickSat</a></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luch_5V" title="Luch 5V">Luch 5V</a>, <a href="/wiki/KazSat-3" title="KazSat-3">KazSat-3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">May</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2495&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2495 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2495</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ekspress_AM4R" class="mw-redirect" title="Ekspress AM4R">Ekspress AM4R</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USA-251" title="USA-251">USA-251</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=USA-252&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="USA-252 (page does not exist)">USA-252</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2496&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2496 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2496</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2497&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2497 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2497</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2498&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2498 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2498</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2499" title="Kosmos 2499">Kosmos 2499</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALOS-2" title="ALOS-2">ALOS-2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raijin-2" title="Raijin-2">Raijin-2</a>, <a href="/wiki/UNIFORM-1" title="UNIFORM-1">UNIFORM-1</a>, <a href="/wiki/SOCRATES_(satellite)" title="SOCRATES (satellite)">SOCRATES</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=SPROUT&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SPROUT (page does not exist)">SPROUT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eutelsat_3B" class="mw-redirect" title="Eutelsat 3B">Eutelsat 3B</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-13M" title="Soyuz TMA-13M">Soyuz TMA-13M</a></u></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">June</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2500" title="Kosmos 2500">Kosmos 2500</a> / <a href="/wiki/GLONASS-M" title="GLONASS-M">GLONASS-M</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_GLONASS_satellites" title="List of GLONASS satellites">755</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AprizeSat" title="AprizeSat">AprizeSat</a> 9, <a href="/wiki/AprizeSat" title="AprizeSat">AprizeSat</a> 10, <a href="/wiki/BRITE" title="BRITE">BRITE-Montreal</a>, <a href="/wiki/BRITE" title="BRITE">BRITE-Toronto</a>, <a href="/wiki/BugSat_1" title="BugSat 1">BugSat 1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deimos-2" title="Deimos-2">Deimos-2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hodoyoshi_3" title="Hodoyoshi 3">Hodoyoshi 3</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hodoyoshi_4" title="Hodoyoshi 4">Hodoyoshi 4</a>, <a href="/wiki/KazEOSat_2" title="KazEOSat 2">KazEOSat 2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perseus-M" title="Perseus-M">Perseus-M1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perseus-M" title="Perseus-M">Perseus-M2</a>, <a href="/wiki/SaudiSat-4" title="SaudiSat-4">SaudiSat-4</a>, <a href="/wiki/TabletSat-Aurora" title="TabletSat-Aurora">TabletSat-Aurora</a>, <a href="/wiki/UniSat-6" title="UniSat-6">UniSat-6</a> (<span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Lemur-1" class="mw-redirect" title="Lemur-1">Lemur-1</a></span>, <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Tigrisat" class="mw-redirect" title="Tigrisat">Tigrisat</a></span>), <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Flock-1" title="Flock-1">Flock-1c</a> × 11</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SPOT_(satellite)" title="SPOT (satellite)">SPOT 7</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Advanced_Nanospace_eXperiment_Program" title="Canadian Advanced Nanospace eXperiment Program">CanX-4</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Advanced_Nanospace_eXperiment_Program" title="Canadian Advanced Nanospace eXperiment Program">CanX-5</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">July</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orbiting_Carbon_Observatory_2" title="Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2">OCO-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonets-M" class="mw-redirect" title="Gonets-M">Gonets-M</a> × 3</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meteor-M_No.2" title="Meteor-M No.2">Meteor-M No.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O3b_(satellite)" class="mw-redirect" title="O3b (satellite)">O3b</a> × 4</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cygnus_CRS_Orb-2" class="mw-redirect" title="Cygnus CRS Orb-2">CRS Orb-2</a> (<a href="/wiki/Flock-1" title="Flock-1">Flock-1b</a> × 28, <a href="/wiki/TechEdSat-4" class="mw-redirect" title="TechEdSat-4">TechEdSat-4</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbcomm_(satellite)#Orbcomm-OG2" title="Orbcomm (satellite)">Orbcomm-OG2</a> × 6</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foton-M_No.4" title="Foton-M No.4">Foton-M No.4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress_M-24M" title="Progress M-24M">Progress M-24M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_USA_satellites" class="mw-redirect" title="List of USA satellites">USA-253</a> / <a href="/wiki/Geosynchronous_Space_Situational_Awareness_Program" title="Geosynchronous Space Situational Awareness Program">GSSAP 1</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_USA_satellites" class="mw-redirect" title="List of USA satellites">USA-254</a> / <a href="/wiki/Geosynchronous_Space_Situational_Awareness_Program" title="Geosynchronous Space Situational Awareness Program">GSSAP 2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Nanosatellite_Guardian_for_Evaluating_Local_Space" title="Autonomous Nanosatellite Guardian for Evaluating Local Space">USA-255 / ANGELS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Lema%C3%AEtre_ATV" title="Georges Lemaître ATV"><i>Georges Lemaître</i> ATV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">August</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/USA-256" title="USA-256">USA-256</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AsiaSat_8" title="AsiaSat 8">AsiaSat 8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaogan" title="Yaogan">Yaogan 20</a> A, B, C</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WorldView-3" title="WorldView-3">WorldView-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaofen" title="Gaofen">Gaofen 2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heweliusz_(satellite)" title="Heweliusz (satellite)">Heweliusz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galileo_(satellite_navigation)#Full_Operational_Capability_(FOC)_satellites" title="Galileo (satellite navigation)">Galileo FOC-1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Galileo_(satellite_navigation)#Full_Operational_Capability_(FOC)_satellites" title="Galileo (satellite navigation)">Galileo FOC-2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">September</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chuangxin_1-04&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chuangxin 1-04 (page does not exist)">Chuangxin 1-04</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingqiao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lingqiao (page does not exist)">Lingqiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AsiaSat_6" title="AsiaSat 6">AsiaSat 6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaogan" title="Yaogan">Yaogan 21</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiantuo_2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tiantuo 2 (page does not exist)">Tiantuo 2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MEASAT_3b&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MEASAT 3b (page does not exist)">MEASAT 3b</a>, <a href="/wiki/Optus_10" class="mw-redirect" title="Optus 10">Optus 10</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=USA-257&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="USA-257 (page does not exist)">USA-257</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_CRS-4" title="SpaceX CRS-4">SpaceX CRS-4</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-14M" title="Soyuz TMA-14M">Soyuz TMA-14M</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olimp-K" class="mw-redirect" title="Olimp-K">Olimp-K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shijian" title="Shijian">Shijian XI-07</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">October</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Himawari_8" title="Himawari 8">Himawari 8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRNSS-1C" title="IRNSS-1C">IRNSS-1C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARSAT-1" title="ARSAT-1">ARSAT-1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Intelsat_30" class="mw-redirect" title="Intelsat 30">Intelsat 30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaogan" title="Yaogan">Yaogan 22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekspress_AM6" class="mw-redirect" title="Ekspress AM6">Ekspress AM6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5-T1" title="Chang'e 5-T1">Chang'e 5-T1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manfred_Memorial_Moon_Mission" title="Manfred Memorial Moon Mission">4M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shijian" title="Shijian">Shijian 11-08</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cygnus_CRS_Orb-3" class="mw-redirect" title="Cygnus CRS Orb-3">Cygnus CRS Orb-3</a>† (<span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Arkyd-3" class="mw-redirect" title="Arkyd-3">Arkyd-3</a>†</span>, <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Flock-1" title="Flock-1">Flock-1d</a> × 26†</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress_M-25M" title="Progress M-25M">Progress M-25M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USA-258" title="USA-258">USA-258</a> / <a href="/wiki/GPS_Block_IIF" title="GPS Block IIF">GPS IIF 8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meridian_(satellite)" title="Meridian (satellite)">Meridian 7</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">November</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sasuke_(satellite)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sasuke (satellite) (page does not exist)">Sasuke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hodoyoshi_1" title="Hodoyoshi 1">Hodoyoshi 1</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinshachi_1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kinshachi 1 (page does not exist)">Kinshachi 1</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsukushi_(satellite)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tsukushi (satellite) (page does not exist)">Tsukushi</a>, <a href="/wiki/TSUBAME_(satellite)" title="TSUBAME (satellite)">TSUBAME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaogan" title="Yaogan">Yaogan 23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaogan" title="Yaogan">Yaogan 24</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuaizhou_2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuaizhou 2 (page does not exist)">Kuaizhou 2</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-15M" title="Soyuz TMA-15M">Soyuz TMA-15M</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2501" title="Kosmos 2501">Kosmos 2501</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">December</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hayabusa2</a>, <a href="/wiki/PROCYON" title="PROCYON">PROCYON</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shinen_2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shinen 2 (page does not exist)">Shinen 2</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=DESPATCH_(satellite)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DESPATCH (satellite) (page does not exist)">DESPATCH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exploration_Flight_Test-1" title="Exploration Flight Test-1">Orion EFT-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T14_(satellite)" title="T14 (satellite)">DirecTV-14</a>, <a href="/wiki/GSAT-16" title="GSAT-16">GSAT-16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CBERS-4" title="CBERS-4">CBERS-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaogan" title="Yaogan">Yaogan 25</a> A, B, C</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=USA-259&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="USA-259 (page does not exist)">USA-259</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamal-401" title="Yamal-401">Yamal-401</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O3b_(satellite)" class="mw-redirect" title="O3b (satellite)">O3b</a> × 4 (FM9 to FM12)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kondor_(satellite)" title="Kondor (satellite)">Kondor-E No.2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=IPM_(satellite)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IPM (satellite) (page does not exist)">IPM</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2502&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2502 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2502</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurs-P_No.2" title="Resurs-P No.2">Resurs-P No.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaogan" title="Yaogan">Yaogan 26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astra_2G" title="Astra 2G">Astra 2G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fengyun" title="Fengyun">Fengyun 2-08</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Launches are separated by dots ( • ), payloads by commas ( , ), multiple names for the same satellite by slashes ( / ).<br /><u>Crewed flights</u> are underlined. Launch failures are marked with the † sign. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are (enclosed in parentheses).</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="2014_in_space999" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2014_in_space" title="Template:2014 in space"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2014_in_space" title="Template talk:2014 in space"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2014_in_space" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2014 in space"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="2014_in_space999" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2014 in space</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><div style="float: left;"> « <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Template:2013_in_space" title="Template:2013 in space">2013</a></span> </div> <div style="float: right;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Template:2015_in_space" title="Template:2015 in space">2015</a></span> » </div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2014_in_spaceflight" title="2014 in spaceflight">Space probe launches</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Category:Space_probes_launched_in_2014" title="Category:Space probes launched in 2014"><img alt="Space probes launched in 2014" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/15px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/30px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5-T1" title="Chang'e 5-T1">Chang'e 5-T1</a> (mission to the <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a>; Oct 2014)</li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hayabusa2</a></i> / <a href="/wiki/PROCYON" title="PROCYON">PROCYON</a> (asteroid sample-return mission; Dec 2014)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px;padding-left: 0.5em;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kepler186f-ArtistConcept-20140417.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Kepler186f-ArtistConcept-20140417.jpg/150px-Kepler186f-ArtistConcept-20140417.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Kepler186f-ArtistConcept-20140417.jpg/225px-Kepler186f-ArtistConcept-20140417.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Kepler186f-ArtistConcept-20140417.jpg/300px-Kepler186f-ArtistConcept-20140417.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4534" data-file-height="2550" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Comet_67P_on_19_September_2014_NavCam_mosaic.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Comet_67P_on_19_September_2014_NavCam_mosaic.jpg/150px-Comet_67P_on_19_September_2014_NavCam_mosaic.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Comet_67P_on_19_September_2014_NavCam_mosaic.jpg/225px-Comet_67P_on_19_September_2014_NavCam_mosaic.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Comet_67P_on_19_September_2014_NavCam_mosaic.jpg/300px-Comet_67P_on_19_September_2014_NavCam_mosaic.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4400" data-file-height="3500" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Artist%E2%80%99s_impression_of_the_rings_around_Chariklo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Artist%E2%80%99s_impression_of_the_rings_around_Chariklo.jpg/150px-Artist%E2%80%99s_impression_of_the_rings_around_Chariklo.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Artist%E2%80%99s_impression_of_the_rings_around_Chariklo.jpg/225px-Artist%E2%80%99s_impression_of_the_rings_around_Chariklo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Artist%E2%80%99s_impression_of_the_rings_around_Chariklo.jpg/300px-Artist%E2%80%99s_impression_of_the_rings_around_Chariklo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2501" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Impact_event" title="Impact event">Impact events</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2014_AA" title="2014 AA">2014 AA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Ontario_fireball" title="2014 Ontario fireball">2014 Ontario fireball</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Selected <a href="/wiki/Near-Earth_object" title="Near-Earth object">NEOs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_asteroid_close_approaches_to_Earth_in_2014" title="List of asteroid close approaches to Earth in 2014">Asteroid close approaches</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2000_EM26" title="2000 EM26">2000 EM<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">26</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(163132)_2002_CU11" title="(163132) 2002 CU11">(163132) 2002 CU<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">11</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(388188)_2006_DP14" title="(388188) 2006 DP14">(388188) 2006 DP<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">14</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2007_VK184" title="2007 VK184">2007 VK<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">184</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(410777)_2009_FD" title="(410777) 2009 FD">(410777) 2009 FD</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2009_RR" title="2009 RR">2009 RR</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(529366)_2009_WM1" title="(529366) 2009 WM1">(529366) 2009 WM<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">1</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2014_AF5" title="2014 AF5">2014 AF<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">5</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2014_DX110" title="2014 DX110">2014 DX<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">110</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2014_EC" title="2014 EC">2014 EC</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2014_HQ124" title="2014 HQ124">2014 HQ<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">124</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2014_LY21" title="2014 LY21">2014 LY<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">21</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2014_OO6" title="2014 OO6">2014 OO<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">6</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2014_OL339" title="2014 OL339">2014 OL<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">339</span></span></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_RC" title="2014 RC">2014 RC</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2014_SC324" title="2014 SC324">2014 SC<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">324</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2014_XL7" title="2014 XL7">2014 XL<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">7</span></span></a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Exoplanet" title="Exoplanet">Exoplanets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/51_Eridani_b" title="51 Eridani b">51 Eridani b</a></li> <li>rotation of <a href="/wiki/Beta_Pictoris_b" title="Beta Pictoris b">Beta Pictoris b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gliese_15_Ab" title="Gliese 15 Ab">Gliese 15 Ab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gliese_180_c" class="mw-redirect" title="Gliese 180 c">Gliese 180 c</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gliese_682_c" class="mw-redirect" title="Gliese 682 c">Gliese 682 c</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gliese_832_c" class="mw-redirect" title="Gliese 832 c">Gliese 832 c</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GU_Piscium_b" title="GU Piscium b">GU Piscium b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIP_116454_b" title="HIP 116454 b">HIP 116454 b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapteyn_b" class="mw-redirect" title="Kapteyn b">Kapteyn b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-93b" title="Kepler-93b">Kepler-93b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-186f" title="Kepler-186f">Kepler-186f</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-296" title="Kepler-296">Kepler-296</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-296e" title="Kepler-296e">e</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-296f" title="Kepler-296f">f</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-298d" title="Kepler-298d">Kepler-298d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-419" title="Kepler-419">Kepler-419</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-419b" title="Kepler-419b">b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-419c" title="Kepler-419c">c</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-421b" title="Kepler-421b">Kepler-421b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WASP-104b" title="WASP-104b">WASP-104b</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discoveries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SMSS_J031300.36%E2%88%92670839.3" title="SMSS J031300.36−670839.3">SMSS J0313−6708</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rings_of_Chariklo" title="Rings of Chariklo">Rings of Chariklo</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2012_VP113" title="2012 VP113">2012 VP<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">113</span></span></a></span> <span style="font-size:85%;">(announced)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(532037)_2013_FY27" title="(532037) 2013 FY27">(532037) 2013 FY<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">27</span></span></a></span> <span style="font-size:85%;">(announced)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/486958_Arrokoth" title="486958 Arrokoth">486958 Arrokoth</a></span> (<span class="nowrap">2014 MU<sub>69</sub></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ULAS_J0015%2B01" title="ULAS J0015+01">ULAS J0015+01</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laniakea_Supercluster" title="Laniakea Supercluster">Laniakea Supercluster</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nova" title="Nova">Novae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SN_2014J" title="SN 2014J">SN 2014J</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPTF14hls" title="IPTF14hls">iPTF14hls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Comets <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Category:Comets_in_2014" title="Category:Comets in 2014"><img alt="Comets in 2014" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/15px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/30px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C/2013_R1_(Lovejoy)" title="C/2013 R1 (Lovejoy)">C/2013 R1 (Lovejoy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2014_E2_(Jacques)" title="C/2014 E2 (Jacques)">C/2014 E2 (Jacques)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2013_UQ4_(Catalina)" title="C/2013 UQ4 (Catalina)"><span class="nowrap">C/2013 UQ<sub>4</sub></span> (Catalina)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2012_K1_(PANSTARRS)" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2012 K1 (PANSTARRS)">C/2012 K1 (PANSTARRS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2013_V5_(Oukaimeden)" title="C/2013 V5 (Oukaimeden)">C/2013 V5 (Oukaimeden)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2013_A1_(Siding_Spring)" title="C/2013 A1 (Siding Spring)">C/2013 A1 (Siding Spring)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2014_Q1_(PanSTARRS)" title="C/2014 Q1 (PanSTARRS)">C/2014 Q1 (PanSTARRS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2014_Q3_(Borisov)" title="C/2014 Q3 (Borisov)">C/2014 Q3 (Borisov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2014_Q2_(Lovejoy)" title="C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy)">C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15P/Finlay" title="15P/Finlay">15P/Finlay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Space exploration</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kepler_space_telescope" title="Kepler space telescope">Kepler</a> K2 mission extension (May)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rosetta_(spacecraft)" title="Rosetta (spacecraft)">Rosetta</a></i>/<i><a href="/wiki/Philae_(spacecraft)" title="Philae (spacecraft)">Philae</a></i> (orbits/landing <a href="/wiki/67P/Churyumov%E2%80%93Gerasimenko" title="67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko">67P</a>; Aug/Nov)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAVEN" title="MAVEN">MAVEN</a> (<a href="/wiki/Areocentric_orbit" title="Areocentric orbit">Mars orbit</a> insertion; Sep)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Orbiter_Mission" title="Mars Orbiter Mission">Mars Orbiter Mission</a> (Mars orbit insertion; Sep)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dawn_(spacecraft)" title="Dawn (spacecraft)">Dawn</a></i> (approaches <a href="/wiki/1_Ceres" class="mw-redirect" title="1 Ceres">Ceres</a>; Sep 2014 / Mar 2015)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Venus_Express" title="Venus Express">Venus Express</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Venus" title="Venus">Venus</a> mission ends; Dec)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Earth-moon.jpg/32px-Earth-moon.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Earth-moon.jpg/48px-Earth-moon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Earth-moon.jpg/64px-Earth-moon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Outer_space" title="Portal:Outer space">Outer space portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:2013_in_outer_space" title="Category:2013 in outer space">Category:2013 in outer space</a> — <b><a href="/wiki/Category:2014_in_outer_space" title="Category:2014 in outer space">Category:2014 in outer space</a></b> — <a href="/wiki/Category:2015_in_outer_space" title="Category:2015 in outer space">Category:2015 in outer space</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="2018_in_space1061" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2018_in_space" title="Template:2018 in space"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2018_in_space" title="Template talk:2018 in space"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2018_in_space" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2018 in space"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="2018_in_space1061" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2018 in space</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><div style="float:left"> « <a href="/wiki/Template:2017_in_space" title="Template:2017 in space">2017</a></div> <div style="float:right"><a href="/wiki/Template:2019_in_space" title="Template:2019 in space">2019</a> »</div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2018_in_spaceflight" title="2018 in spaceflight">Space probe<br />launches</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Category:Space_probes_launched_in_2018" title="Category:Space probes launched in 2018"><img alt="Space probes launched in 2018" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/15px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/30px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transiting_Exoplanet_Survey_Satellite" title="Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite">TESS</a> (lunar flyby; Apr 2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Queqiao_relay_satellite" class="mw-redirect" title="Queqiao relay satellite">Queqiao</a></i> (mission to the <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a>; May 2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/InSight" title="InSight">InSight</a></i> / <a href="/wiki/Mars_Cube_One" title="Mars Cube One">Mars Cube One</a> (mission to <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a>; May 2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Parker_Solar_Probe" title="Parker Solar Probe">Parker Solar Probe</a></i> (solar space mission; Aug 2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/BepiColombo" title="BepiColombo">BepiColombo</a></i> (mission to <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(planet)" title="Mercury (planet)">Mercury</a>; Oct 2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_4" title="Chang'e 4">Chang'e 4</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yutu-2" title="Yutu-2">Yutu-2</a> (mission to the <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a>; Dec 2018)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px;padding-left: 0.5em;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NASA-Icarus-MostDistantMainSequenceStar-20180402.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/NASA-Icarus-MostDistantMainSequenceStar-20180402.jpg/150px-NASA-Icarus-MostDistantMainSequenceStar-20180402.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/NASA-Icarus-MostDistantMainSequenceStar-20180402.jpg/225px-NASA-Icarus-MostDistantMainSequenceStar-20180402.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/NASA-Icarus-MostDistantMainSequenceStar-20180402.jpg/300px-NASA-Icarus-MostDistantMainSequenceStar-20180402.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="667" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PIA22876-InSight-FirstSelfie-20181211.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/PIA22876-InSight-FirstSelfie-20181211.jpg/150px-PIA22876-InSight-FirstSelfie-20181211.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/PIA22876-InSight-FirstSelfie-20181211.jpg/225px-PIA22876-InSight-FirstSelfie-20181211.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/PIA22876-InSight-FirstSelfie-20181211.jpg/300px-PIA22876-InSight-FirstSelfie-20181211.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4391" data-file-height="2504" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bennu_at_300_pixels_(wide).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Bennu_at_300_pixels_%28wide%29.png/150px-Bennu_at_300_pixels_%28wide%29.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Bennu_at_300_pixels_%28wide%29.png/225px-Bennu_at_300_pixels_%28wide%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Bennu_at_300_pixels_%28wide%29.png/300px-Bennu_at_300_pixels_%28wide%29.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="350" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Impact_event" title="Impact event">Impact events</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2018_LA" title="2018 LA">2018 LA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamchatka_meteor" title="Kamchatka meteor">Kamchatka meteor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Selected <a href="/wiki/Near-Earth_object" title="Near-Earth object">NEOs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_asteroid_close_approaches_to_Earth_in_2018" title="List of asteroid close approaches to Earth in 2018">Asteroid close approaches</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2010_WC9" title="2010 WC9">2010 WC<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">9</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2017_VR12" title="2017 VR12">2017 VR<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">12</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2017_YE5" title="2017 YE5">2017 YE<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">5</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(585310)_2017_YZ1" title="(585310) 2017 YZ1">(585310) 2017 YZ<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">1</span></span></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_AH" title="2018 AH">2018 AH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_BD" title="2018 BD">2018 BD</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2018_BF3" title="2018 BF3">2018 BF<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">3</span></span></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_CB" title="2018 CB">2018 CB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_CC" title="2018 CC">2018 CC</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(276033)_2002_AJ129" title="(276033) 2002 AJ129">(276033) 2002 AJ<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">129</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(505657)_2014_SR339" title="(505657) 2014 SR339">(505657) 2014 SR<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">339</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2018_CF2" title="2018 CF2">2018 CF<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">2</span></span></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_CL" title="2018 CL">2018 CL</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2018_CN2" title="2018 CN2">2018 CN<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">2</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2018_CY2" title="2018 CY2">2018 CY<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">2</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2018_DV1" title="2018 DV1">2018 DV<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">1</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2018_GE3" title="2018 GE3">2018 GE<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">3</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2018_PD20" title="2018 PD20">2018 PD<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">20</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2018_LF16" title="2018 LF16">2018 LF<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">16</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2018_WV1" title="2018 WV1">2018 WV<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">1</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(163899)_2003_SD220" title="(163899) 2003 SD220">(163899) 2003 SD<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">220</span></span></a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_exoplanets_discovered_in_2018" title="List of exoplanets discovered in 2018">Exoplanets</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Category:Exoplanets_discovered_in_2018" title="Category:Exoplanets discovered in 2018"><img alt="Exoplanets discovered in 2018" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/15px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/30px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gliese_1132" class="mw-redirect" title="Gliese 1132">Gliese 1132 c</a></li> <li>possible <a href="/wiki/Exomoon" title="Exomoon">exomoon</a> <a href="/wiki/Kepler-1625b_I" title="Kepler-1625b I">Kepler-1625b I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K2-141b" title="K2-141b">K2-141b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K2-146b" title="K2-146b">K2-146b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K2-148b" title="K2-148b">K2-148b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K2-155d" title="K2-155d">K2-155d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K2-229b" title="K2-229b">K2-229b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K2-239" title="K2-239">K2-239b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K2-239" title="K2-239">K2-239c</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K2-239" title="K2-239">K2-239d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K2-288Bb" title="K2-288Bb">K2-288Bb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EPIC_211945201_b" class="mw-redirect" title="EPIC 211945201 b">EPIC 211945201 b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_89345_b" title="HD 89345 b">HD 89345 b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KELT-21b" title="KELT-21b">KELT-21b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGTS-3Ab" title="NGTS-3Ab">NGTS-3Ab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discoveries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LSPM_J0207%2B3331" title="LSPM J0207+3331">LSPM J0207+3331</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VVV-WIT-07" title="VVV-WIT-07">VVV-WIT-07</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MACS_J1149_Lensed_Star_1" title="MACS J1149 Lensed Star 1">MACS J1149 Lensed Star 1</a></li> <li>10 <a href="/wiki/Moons_of_Jupiter" title="Moons of Jupiter">moons of Jupiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/541132_Lele%C4%81k%C5%ABhonua" title="541132 Leleākūhonua">541132 Leleākūhonua</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(announced)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperion_proto-supercluster" title="Hyperion proto-supercluster">Hyperion proto-supercluster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2MASS_J18082002%E2%88%925104378" title="2MASS J18082002−5104378">2MASS J18082002−5104378</a></li> <li>Farout (<span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2018_VG18" title="2018 VG18">2018 VG<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">18</span></span></a></span>)</li> <li>FarFarOut (<span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2018_AG37" title="2018 AG37">2018 AG<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">37</span></span></a></span> <span style="font-size:85%;">first imaged</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AT2018hyz" title="AT2018hyz">AT2018hyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SN_2018cow" title="SN 2018cow">SN 2018cow</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nova" title="Nova">Novae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/V357_Muscae" title="V357 Muscae">V357 Muscae</a> (Nova Muscae)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/V906_Carinae" title="V906 Carinae">V906 Carinae</a> (Nova Carinae)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/V392_Persei" title="V392 Persei">V392 Persei</a> (Nova Persei)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Comets <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Category:Comets_in_2018" title="Category:Comets in 2018"><img alt="Comets in 2018" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/15px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/30px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C/2017_T1_(Heinze)" title="C/2017 T1 (Heinze)">C/2017 T1 (Heinze)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2017_U7" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2017 U7">C/2017 U7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2018_C2_(Lemmon)" title="C/2018 C2 (Lemmon)">C/2018 C2 (Lemmon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/37P/Forbes" title="37P/Forbes">37P/Forbes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/66P/du_Toit" title="66P/du Toit">66P/du Toit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/64P/Swift%E2%80%93Gehrels" title="64P/Swift–Gehrels">64P/Swift–Gehrels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/38P/Stephan%E2%80%93Oterma" title="38P/Stephan–Oterma">38P/Stephan–Oterma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2018_F4_(PanSTARRS)" title="C/2018 F4 (PanSTARRS)">C/2018 F4 (PanSTARRS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2018_V1_(Machholz-Fujikawa-Iwamoto)" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2018 V1 (Machholz-Fujikawa-Iwamoto)">C/2018 V1 (Machholz-Fujikawa-Iwamoto)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/46P/Wirtanen" title="46P/Wirtanen">46P/Wirtanen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Space exploration</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hayabusa2</a></i> (asteroid <a href="/wiki/162173_Ryugu" title="162173 Ryugu">Ryugu</a> arrival; Jun 2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler_space_telescope" title="Kepler space telescope"><i>Kepler</i> retirement</a> (Oct 2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/InSight" title="InSight">InSight</a></i> (Mars landing; Oct 2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawn_(spacecraft)" title="Dawn (spacecraft)"><i>Dawn</i> retirement</a> (Nov 2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSIRIS-REx" title="OSIRIS-REx">OSIRIS-REx</a> (asteroid <a href="/wiki/101955_Bennu" title="101955 Bennu">Bennu</a> arrival; Dec 2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Voyager_2" title="Voyager 2">Voyager 2</a></i> (enters interstellar space; Dec 2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_Horizons" title="New Horizons">New Horizons</a></i> (encounter with <a href="/wiki/486958_Arrokoth" title="486958 Arrokoth">486958 Arrokoth</a>; Dec 2018 / Jan 2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Earth-moon.jpg/32px-Earth-moon.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Earth-moon.jpg/48px-Earth-moon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Earth-moon.jpg/64px-Earth-moon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Outer_space" title="Portal:Outer space">Outer space portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:2017_in_outer_space" title="Category:2017 in outer space">2017 in outer space</a> — <b><a href="/wiki/Category:2018_in_outer_space" title="Category:2018 in outer space">2018 in outer space</a></b> — <a href="/wiki/Category:2019_in_outer_space" title="Category:2019 in outer space">2019 in outer space</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="2019_in_space1076" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2019_in_space" title="Template:2019 in space"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2019_in_space" title="Template talk:2019 in space"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2019_in_space" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2019 in space"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="2019_in_space1076" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2019 in space</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><div style="float: left;"> « <a href="/wiki/Template:2018_in_space" title="Template:2018 in space">2018</a></div> <div style="float: right;"><a href="/wiki/Template:2020_in_space" title="Template:2020 in space">2020</a> »</div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2019_in_spaceflight" title="2019 in spaceflight">Space probe<br />launches</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Category:Space_probes_launched_in_2019" title="Category:Space probes launched in 2019"><img alt="Space probes launched in 2019" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/15px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/30px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beresheet" title="Beresheet">Beresheet</a> (lunar lander; Feb 2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LightSail#LightSail_2" title="LightSail">LightSail 2</a> (solar sail demonstration; Jun 2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-2" title="Chandrayaan-2">Chandrayaan-2</a> / <a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-2#Vikram_lander" title="Chandrayaan-2">Vikram</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pragyan_(Chandrayaan-2)" title="Pragyan (Chandrayaan-2)">Pragyan</a> (lunar obiter, lander and rover; Jul 2019)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px;padding-left: 0.5em;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:UltimaThule_CA06_color_20190516.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/UltimaThule_CA06_color_20190516.png/150px-UltimaThule_CA06_color_20190516.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/UltimaThule_CA06_color_20190516.png/225px-UltimaThule_CA06_color_20190516.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/UltimaThule_CA06_color_20190516.png/300px-UltimaThule_CA06_color_20190516.png 2x" data-file-width="1860" data-file-height="1302" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Black_hole_-_Messier_87.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Black_hole_-_Messier_87.jpg/150px-Black_hole_-_Messier_87.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Black_hole_-_Messier_87.jpg/225px-Black_hole_-_Messier_87.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Black_hole_-_Messier_87.jpg/300px-Black_hole_-_Messier_87.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7416" data-file-height="4320" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Esa-hubble-k2-18a_impression.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Esa-hubble-k2-18a_impression.jpg/150px-Esa-hubble-k2-18a_impression.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Esa-hubble-k2-18a_impression.jpg/225px-Esa-hubble-k2-18a_impression.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Esa-hubble-k2-18a_impression.jpg/300px-Esa-hubble-k2-18a_impression.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="3500" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Impact_event" title="Impact event">Impact events</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kamchatka_meteor" title="Kamchatka meteor">Kamchatka meteor</a> (announced)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_MO" title="2019 MO">2019 MO</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Selected <a href="/wiki/Near-Earth_object" title="Near-Earth object">NEOs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_asteroid_close_approaches_to_Earth_in_2019" title="List of asteroid close approaches to Earth in 2019">Asteroid close approaches</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2018_XB4" title="2018 XB4">2018 XB<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">4</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2019_AS5" title="2019 AS5">2019 AS<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">5</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2016_AZ8" title="2016 AZ8">2016 AZ<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">8</span></span></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/66391_Moshup" title="66391 Moshup">66391 Moshup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_OK" title="2019 OK">2019 OK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1620_Geographos" title="1620 Geographos">1620 Geographos</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2006_QV89" title="2006 QV89">2006 QV<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">89</span></span></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2100_Ra-Shalom" title="2100 Ra-Shalom">2100 Ra-Shalom</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2019_SU3" title="2019 SU3">2019 SU<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">3</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2019_TA7" title="2019 TA7">2019 TA<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">7</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2019_UN13" title="2019 UN13">2019 UN<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">13</span></span></a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_exoplanets_discovered_in_2019" title="List of exoplanets discovered in 2019">Exoplanets</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Category:Exoplanets_discovered_in_2019" title="Category:Exoplanets discovered in 2019"><img alt="Exoplanets discovered in 2019" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/15px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/30px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AD_Leonis" title="AD Leonis">AD Leonis</a> b</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beta_Pictoris_c" title="Beta Pictoris c">Beta Pictoris c</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DS_Tucanae" title="DS Tucanae">DS Tucanae</a> b</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gliese_251" title="Gliese 251">Gliese 251</a> c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gliese_357_d" title="Gliese 357 d">Gliese 357 d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gliese_588" title="Gliese 588">Gliese 588</a> <ul><li>b</li> <li>c</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gliese_687" title="Gliese 687">Gliese 687</a> c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gliese_555" class="mw-redirect" title="Gliese 555">Gliese 555</a> b</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gliese_754" title="Gliese 754">Gliese 754</a> b</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gliese_784" title="Gliese 784">Gliese 784</a> b</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HR_5183_b" title="HR 5183 b">HR 5183 b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-47d" class="mw-redirect" title="Kepler-47d">Kepler-47d</a> confirmed</li> <li><a href="/wiki/K2-288Bb" title="K2-288Bb">K2-288Bb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L_1159-16" class="mw-redirect" title="L 1159-16">L 1159-16</a> <ul><li>b</li> <li>c</li> <li>d</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LP_816-60" title="LP 816-60">LP 816-60</a> b</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LTT_1445" title="LTT 1445">LTT 1445</a> Ab</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luyten%27s_Star" title="Luyten's Star">Luyten's Star</a> <ul><li>d</li> <li>e</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDS_70" title="PDS 70">PDS 70c</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proxima_Centauri_c" title="Proxima Centauri c">Proxima Centauri c</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Struve_2398" title="Struve 2398">Struve 2398</a> <ul><li>Bb</li> <li>Bc</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tau_Ceti" title="Tau Ceti">Tau Ceti</a> i (hypothesized)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teegarden%27s_Star" title="Teegarden's Star">Teegarden's Star</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teegarden%27s_Star_b" title="Teegarden's Star b">b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teegarden%27s_Star_c" title="Teegarden's Star c">c</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V1298_Tauri" title="V1298 Tauri">V1298 Tauri</a> <ul><li>b</li> <li>c</li> <li>d</li> <li>e</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolf_359" title="Wolf 359">Wolf 359</a> <ul><li>b</li> <li>c</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discoveries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2019_AQ3" title="2019 AQ3">2019 AQ<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">3</span></span></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASASSN-19bt" title="ASASSN-19bt">ASASSN-19bt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AT2019qiz" title="AT2019qiz">AT2019qiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GRB_190114C" title="GRB 190114C">GRB 190114C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EPIC_204376071" title="EPIC 204376071">EPIC 204376071</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GW190412" title="GW190412">GW190412</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GW190521g" class="mw-redirect" title="GW190521g">GW190521g</a> (first-ever light from bh-bh merger)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GW190814" title="GW190814">GW190814</a> (first-ever "mass-gap" collision)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J043947.08%2B163415.7" class="mw-redirect" title="J043947.08+163415.7">J043947.08+163415.7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K2-18b" title="K2-18b">K2-18b</a> water vapor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_87#Supermassive_black_hole_M87*" title="Messier 87">M87*</a> imaged</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PSR_J0030%2B0451&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PSR J0030+0451 (page does not exist)">PSR J0030+0451</a> mapped</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PSR_J0740%2B6620" title="PSR J0740+6620">PSR J0740+6620</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S5-HVS1" title="S5-HVS1">S5-HVS1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2I/Borisov" title="2I/Borisov">2I/Borisov</a></li> <li>20 <a href="/wiki/Moons_of_Saturn" title="Moons of Saturn">moons of Saturn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WD_0145%2B234" title="WD 0145+234">WD 0145+234</a> detection of <a href="/wiki/Exoasteroid" title="Exoasteroid">exoasteroid</a> disruption</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WD_J0914%2B1914" title="WD J0914+1914">WD J0914+1914</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Comets <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Category:Comets_in_2019" title="Category:Comets in 2019"><img alt="Comets in 2019" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/15px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/30px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C/2018_Y1_(Iwamoto)" title="C/2018 Y1 (Iwamoto)">C/2018 Y1 (Iwamoto)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/78P/Gehrels" title="78P/Gehrels">78P/Gehrels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/168P/Hergenrother" title="168P/Hergenrother">168P/Hergenrother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/163P/NEAT" title="163P/NEAT">163P/NEAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/138P/Shoemaker%E2%80%93Levy" title="138P/Shoemaker–Levy">138P/Shoemaker–Levy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/171P/Spahr" title="171P/Spahr">171P/Spahr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/289P/Blanpain" title="289P/Blanpain">289P/Blanpain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Space exploration</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/New_Horizons" title="New Horizons">New Horizons</a></i> (encounter with <a href="/wiki/486958_Arrokoth" title="486958 Arrokoth">486958 Arrokoth</a>; Dec 2018 / Jan 2019)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_4" title="Chang'e 4">Chang'e 4</a></i> / <i><a href="/wiki/Yutu-2" title="Yutu-2">Yutu-2</a></i> (landing on the <a href="/wiki/Far_side_of_the_Moon" title="Far side of the Moon">far side of the Moon</a>; Jan 2019)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Opportunity_(rover)" title="Opportunity (rover)">Opportunity</a></i> (end of mission; Aug 2018 / Feb 2019)</li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hayabusa2</a></i> (departure from <a href="/wiki/162173_Ryugu" title="162173 Ryugu">162173 Ryugu</a>; Dec 2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Earth-moon.jpg/32px-Earth-moon.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Earth-moon.jpg/48px-Earth-moon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Earth-moon.jpg/64px-Earth-moon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Outer_space" title="Portal:Outer space">Outer space portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:2018_in_outer_space" title="Category:2018 in outer space">Category:2018 in outer space</a> — <b><a href="/wiki/Category:2019_in_outer_space" title="Category:2019 in outer space">Category:2019 in outer space</a></b> — <a href="/wiki/Category:2020_in_outer_space" title="Category:2020 in outer space">Category:2020 in outer space</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="2020_in_space1084" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2020_in_space" title="Template:2020 in space"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2020_in_space" title="Template talk:2020 in space"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2020_in_space" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2020 in space"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="2020_in_space1084" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2020 in space</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><div style="float: left;"> « <a href="/wiki/Template:2019_in_space" title="Template:2019 in space">2019</a></div> <div style="float: right;"><a href="/wiki/Template:2021_in_space" title="Template:2021 in space">2021</a> »</div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2020_in_spaceflight" title="2020 in spaceflight">Space probe <br />launches</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Category:Space_probes_launched_in_2020" title="Category:Space probes launched in 2020"><img alt="Space probes launched in 2020" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/15px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/30px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Orbiter" title="Solar Orbiter">Solar Orbiter</a> (Feb 2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirates_Mars_Mission" title="Emirates Mars Mission"><i>Hope</i></a> (Jul 2020)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tianwen-1" title="Tianwen-1">Tianwen-1</a></i> (Jul 2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_2020" title="Mars 2020">Mars 2020</a> (Jul 2020) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Perseverance_(rover)" title="Perseverance (rover)"><i>Perseverance</i> rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Helicopter_Ingenuity" class="mw-redirect" title="Mars Helicopter Ingenuity">Mars Helicopter <i>Ingenuity</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5" title="Chang'e 5">Chang'e 5</a> (lunar sample return mission; Nov 2020)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px;padding-left: 0.5em;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PIA23791-Venus-RealAndEnhancedContrastViews-20200608.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/PIA23791-Venus-RealAndEnhancedContrastViews-20200608.jpg/150px-PIA23791-Venus-RealAndEnhancedContrastViews-20200608.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/PIA23791-Venus-RealAndEnhancedContrastViews-20200608.jpg/225px-PIA23791-Venus-RealAndEnhancedContrastViews-20200608.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/PIA23791-Venus-RealAndEnhancedContrastViews-20200608.jpg/300px-PIA23791-Venus-RealAndEnhancedContrastViews-20200608.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2245" data-file-height="1096" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:OSIRIS-REx_landing.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/OSIRIS-REx_landing.jpg/150px-OSIRIS-REx_landing.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/OSIRIS-REx_landing.jpg/225px-OSIRIS-REx_landing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/OSIRIS-REx_landing.jpg/300px-OSIRIS-REx_landing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Comet_2020_F3_(NEOWISE)_on_Jul_14_2020_aligned_to_stars.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Comet_2020_F3_%28NEOWISE%29_on_Jul_14_2020_aligned_to_stars.jpg/150px-Comet_2020_F3_%28NEOWISE%29_on_Jul_14_2020_aligned_to_stars.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Comet_2020_F3_%28NEOWISE%29_on_Jul_14_2020_aligned_to_stars.jpg/225px-Comet_2020_F3_%28NEOWISE%29_on_Jul_14_2020_aligned_to_stars.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Comet_2020_F3_%28NEOWISE%29_on_Jul_14_2020_aligned_to_stars.jpg/300px-Comet_2020_F3_%28NEOWISE%29_on_Jul_14_2020_aligned_to_stars.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2900" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Impact_event" title="Impact event">Impact events</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_China_bolide" title="2020 China bolide">2020 China bolide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Selected <br /><a href="/wiki/Near-Earth_object" title="Near-Earth object">NEOs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_asteroid_close_approaches_to_Earth_in_2020" title="List of asteroid close approaches to Earth in 2020">Asteroid close approaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/594913_%EA%9E%8CAyl%C3%B3%EA%9E%8Cchaxnim" title="594913 ꞌAylóꞌchaxnim">594913 ꞌAylóꞌchaxnim</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2020_BX12" title="2020 BX12">2020 BX<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">12</span></span></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_CW" title="2020 CW">2020 CW</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2020_CD3" title="2020 CD3">2020 CD<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">3</span></span></a></span> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Temporary_satellite" title="Temporary satellite">temporary satellite</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(52768)_1998_OR2" title="(52768) 1998 OR2">(52768) 1998 OR<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">2</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2020_HS7" title="2020 HS7">2020 HS<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">7</span></span></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_JJ" title="2020 JJ">2020 JJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_LD" title="2020 LD">2020 LD</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(163348)_2002_NN4" title="(163348) 2002 NN4">(163348) 2002 NN<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">4</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2020_OY4" title="2020 OY4">2020 OY<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">4</span></span></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_QG" title="2020 QG">2020 QG</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2011_ES4" title="2011 ES4">2011 ES<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">4</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2018_VP1" title="2018 VP1">2018 VP<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">1</span></span></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_SO" title="2020 SO">2020 SO</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Space_debris" title="Space debris">space debris</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_SW" title="2020 SW">2020 SW</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2020_SL1" title="2020 SL1">2020 SL<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">1</span></span></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_UA" title="2020 UA">2020 UA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_VV" title="2020 VV">2020 VV</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2020_VT4" title="2020 VT4">2020 VT<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">4</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(153201)_2000_WO107" title="(153201) 2000 WO107">(153201) 2000 WO<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">107</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(501647)_2014_SD224" title="(501647) 2014 SD224">(501647) 2014 SD<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">224</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(614689)_2020_XL5" title="(614689) 2020 XL5">(614689) 2020 XL<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">5</span></span></a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_exoplanets_discovered_in_2020" title="List of exoplanets discovered in 2020">Exoplanets</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Category:Exoplanets_discovered_in_2020" title="Category:Exoplanets discovered in 2020"><img alt="Exoplanets discovered in 2020" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/15px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/30px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AU_Microscopii" title="AU Microscopii">AU Mic</a> b</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gliese_229" title="Gliese 229">Gliese 229</a> Ac</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gliese_414" title="Gliese 414">Gliese 414</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gliese_414_Ab" title="Gliese 414 Ab">Ab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gliese_414_Ac" title="Gliese 414 Ac">Ac</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gliese_433" title="Gliese 433">Gliese 433</a> <ul><li>b</li> <li>c</li> <li>d</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GJ_1151" title="GJ 1151">GJ 1151</a> b radio emissions</li> <li><a href="/wiki/K2-315b" title="K2-315b">K2-315b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-1649c" title="Kepler-1649c">Kepler-1649c</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KOI-456.04" class="mw-redirect" title="KOI-456.04">KOI-456.04</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacaille_9352#Planetary_system" title="Lacaille 9352">Lacaille 9352</a> <ul><li>b</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacaille_9352_c" title="Lacaille 9352 c">c</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M51-ULS-1b" class="mw-redirect" title="M51-ULS-1b">M51-ULS-1b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OGLE-2016-BLG-1928" title="OGLE-2016-BLG-1928">OGLE-2016-BLG-1928</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(rogue planet)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tau_Ceti" title="Tau Ceti">Tau Ceti</a> j <span style="font-size:85%;">(predicted)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TOI-561" title="TOI-561">TOI-561</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TOI-561_b" title="TOI-561 b">b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TOI-561#TOI-561_c" title="TOI-561">c</a></li> <li>d</li> <li>e</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TOI-700#Planetary_system" title="TOI-700">TOI-700</a> <ul><li>b</li> <li>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TOI-700_d" title="TOI-700 d">d</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TOI_732#Planetary_system" class="mw-redirect" title="TOI 732">TOI-732</a> <ul><li>b</li> <li>c</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TOI-1338_b" title="TOI-1338 b">TOI-1338 b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_191939#Planetary_system" title="HD 191939">TOI-1339</a> <ul><li>b</li> <li>c</li> <li>d</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YSES_1#Planetary_system" title="YSES 1">TYC 8998-760-1 c</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WD_1856%2B534" title="WD 1856+534">WD 1856+534 b</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discoveries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Betelgeuse" title="Betelgeuse">Betelgeuse</a> dimming</li> <li><a href="/wiki/FRB_180916.J0158%2B65" title="FRB 180916.J0158+65">FRB 180916</a> location and periodicity</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radcliffe_wave" title="Radcliffe wave">Radcliffe wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ophiuchus_Supercluster_explosion" class="mw-redirect" title="Ophiuchus Supercluster explosion">Ophiuchus Supercluster explosion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PSO_J030947.49%2B271757.31" title="PSO J030947.49+271757.31">PSO J03094+27</a> (distant blazar)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2MASS_J10475385%2B2124234" title="2MASS J10475385+2124234">2MASS J1047+21</a> wind speed measurements</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SGR_1935%2B2154" title="SGR 1935+2154">SGR 1935+2154</a> (soft gamma ray repeater)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HR_6819" title="HR 6819">HR 6819</a> black hole hypothesis</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PHL_293B" title="PHL 293B">PHL 293B</a> ending of P Cygni profile hydrogen emission lines</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swift_J1818.0%E2%80%931607" title="Swift J1818.0–1607">Swift J1818.0–1607</a> (young magnetar)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GW190814" title="GW190814">GW190814</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(announced)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Pole_Wall" title="South Pole Wall">South Pole Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GW190521" title="GW190521">GW190521</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(announced)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphine" title="Phosphine">Phosphine</a> detection in the <a href="/wiki/Atmosphere_of_Venus" title="Atmosphere of Venus">atmosphere of Venus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_water" title="Lunar water">Water</a> detection on the sunlit surface of the <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Comets <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Category:Comets_in_2020" title="Category:Comets in 2020"><img alt="Comets in 2020" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/15px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/30px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C/2019_Y4_(ATLAS)" title="C/2019 Y4 (ATLAS)">C/2019 Y4 (ATLAS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P/2019_LD2_(ATLAS)" title="P/2019 LD2 (ATLAS)">P/2019 LD2 (ATLAS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2017_T2_(PANSTARRS)" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2017 T2 (PANSTARRS)">C/2017 T2 (PANSTARRS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2020_F8_(SWAN)" title="C/2020 F8 (SWAN)">C/2020 F8 (SWAN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2019_U6_(LEMMON)" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2019 U6 (LEMMON)">C/2019 U6 (LEMMON)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_NEOWISE" title="Comet NEOWISE">C/2020 F3 (NEOWISE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Encke" title="Comet Encke">2P/Encke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/88P/Howell" title="88P/Howell">88P/Howell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/156P/Russell%E2%80%93LINEAR" title="156P/Russell–LINEAR">156P/Russell–LINEAR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Space <br />exploration</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Spitzer_Space_Telescope" title="Spitzer Space Telescope">Spitzer</a></i> retirement (Jan 2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BepiColombo" title="BepiColombo">BepiColombo</a> (Earth gravity assist; Apr 2020, Venus gravity assist; Oct 2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSIRIS-REx" title="OSIRIS-REx">OSIRIS-REx</a> (sample collection from asteroid <a href="/wiki/101955_Bennu" title="101955 Bennu">Bennu</a>; Oct 2020)</li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hayabusa2</a></i> (sample return from asteroid <a href="/wiki/162173_Ryugu" title="162173 Ryugu">Ryugu</a>; Dec 2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5" title="Chang'e 5">Chang'e 5</a> (lunar sample return; Dec 2020)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Earth-moon.jpg/32px-Earth-moon.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Earth-moon.jpg/48px-Earth-moon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Earth-moon.jpg/64px-Earth-moon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Outer_space" title="Portal:Outer space">Outer space portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:2019_in_outer_space" title="Category:2019 in outer space">Category:2019 in outer space</a> — <b><a href="/wiki/Category:2020_in_outer_space" title="Category:2020 in outer space">Category:2020 in outer space</a></b> — <a href="/wiki/Category:2021_in_outer_space" title="Category:2021 in outer space">Category:2021 in outer space</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="2021_in_space1094" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2021_in_space" title="Template:2021 in space"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2021_in_space" title="Template talk:2021 in space"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2021_in_space" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2021 in space"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="2021_in_space1094" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2021 in space</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><div style="float: left;"> « <a href="/wiki/Template:2020_in_space" title="Template:2020 in space">2020</a></div> <div style="float: right;"><a href="/wiki/Template:2022_in_space" title="Template:2022 in space">2022</a> »</div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2021_in_spaceflight" title="2021 in spaceflight">Space probe and<br />telescope launches</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Category:Space_probes_launched_in_2021" title="Category:Space probes launched in 2021"><img alt="Space probes launched in 2021" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/15px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/30px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tiangong_space_station" title="Tiangong space station">Tiangong space station</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Tianhe_core_module" title="Tianhe core module">Tianhe</a></i> (April 2021)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lucy_(spacecraft)" title="Lucy (spacecraft)">Lucy</a></i> (Oct 2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_Asteroid_Redirection_Test" title="Double Asteroid Redirection Test">DART</a> / <i><a href="/wiki/LICIACube" title="LICIACube">LICIACube</a></i> (Nov 2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Webb_Space_Telescope" title="James Webb Space Telescope">James Webb Space Telescope</a> (Dec 2021)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px;padding-left: 0.5em;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Perseverance_Landing_Skycrane.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Perseverance_Landing_Skycrane.jpg/150px-Perseverance_Landing_Skycrane.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Perseverance_Landing_Skycrane.jpg/225px-Perseverance_Landing_Skycrane.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Perseverance_Landing_Skycrane.jpg/300px-Perseverance_Landing_Skycrane.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PDS_70_closeup_-_eso2111a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/PDS_70_closeup_-_eso2111a.jpg/150px-PDS_70_closeup_-_eso2111a.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/PDS_70_closeup_-_eso2111a.jpg/225px-PDS_70_closeup_-_eso2111a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/PDS_70_closeup_-_eso2111a.jpg/300px-PDS_70_closeup_-_eso2111a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2517" data-file-height="1034" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Illustration_of_Comet_Bernardinelli-Bernstein.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Illustration_of_Comet_Bernardinelli-Bernstein.jpg/150px-Illustration_of_Comet_Bernardinelli-Bernstein.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Illustration_of_Comet_Bernardinelli-Bernstein.jpg/225px-Illustration_of_Comet_Bernardinelli-Bernstein.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Illustration_of_Comet_Bernardinelli-Bernstein.jpg/300px-Illustration_of_Comet_Bernardinelli-Bernstein.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5120" data-file-height="2880" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Impact_event" title="Impact event">Impact events</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Winchcombe_meteorite" title="Winchcombe meteorite">Winchcombe meteorite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Selected <a href="/wiki/Near-Earth_object" title="Near-Earth object">NEOs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_asteroid_close_approaches_to_Earth_in_2021" title="List of asteroid close approaches to Earth in 2021">Asteroid close approaches</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2021_AV7" title="2021 AV7">2021 AV<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">7</span></span></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_XR" title="2020 XR">2020 XR</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2016_DV1" title="2016 DV1">2016 DV<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">1</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2021_DW1" title="2021 DW1">2021 DW<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">1</span></span></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/99942_Apophis" title="99942 Apophis">99942 Apophis</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(231937)_2001_FO32" title="(231937) 2001 FO32">(231937) 2001 FO<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">32</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2021_GW4" title="2021 GW4">2021 GW<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">4</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2021_PH27" title="2021 PH27">2021 PH<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">27</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(620094)_2016_AJ193" title="(620094) 2016 AJ193">(620094) 2016 AJ<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">193</span></span></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_SG" title="2021 SG">2021 SG</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2021_TP21" title="2021 TP21">2021 TP<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">21</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2021_UA1" title="2021 UA1">2021 UA<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">1</span></span></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(679648)_2019_XS" title="(679648) 2019 XS">(679648) 2019 XS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3361_Orpheus" title="3361 Orpheus">3361 Orpheus</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1994_WR12" title="1994 WR12">1994 WR<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">12</span></span></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4660_Nereus" title="4660 Nereus">4660 Nereus</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(163899)_2003_SD220" title="(163899) 2003 SD220">(163899) 2003 SD<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">220</span></span></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_AH" title="2018 AH">2018 AH</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_exoplanets_discovered_in_2021" title="List of exoplanets discovered in 2021">Exoplanets</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Category:Exoplanets_discovered_in_2021" title="Category:Exoplanets discovered in 2021"><img alt="Exoplanets discovered in 2021" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/15px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/30px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Candidate_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Candidate 1">Alpha Centauri Ab</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(unconfirmed)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COCONUTS-2b" title="COCONUTS-2b">COCONUTS-2b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gliese_486" title="Gliese 486">Gliese 486</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_108236#Planetary_system" title="HD 108236">HD 108236 f</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_110082_b" class="mw-redirect" title="HD 110082 b">HD 110082 b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-1704b" title="Kepler-1704b">Kepler-1704b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KOI-5#Planetary_system" title="KOI-5">KOI-5Ab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L_98-59#Planetary_system" title="L 98-59">L 98-59</a> <ul><li>e</li> <li>f?</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lalande_21185#Planetary_system" title="Lalande 21185">Lalande 21185 c</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambda_Serpentis#Planetary_system" title="Lambda Serpentis">Lambda Serpentis b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LHS_1678" title="LHS 1678">LHS 1678</a> <ul><li>b</li> <li>c</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGTS-13b" title="NGTS-13b">NGTS-13b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGTS-14Ab" title="NGTS-14Ab">NGTS-14Ab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OGLE-2019-BLG-0960Lb" title="OGLE-2019-BLG-0960Lb">OGLE-2019-BLG-0960Lb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDS_70c" class="mw-redirect" title="PDS 70c">PDS 70c</a> <a href="/wiki/Circumplanetary_disk" title="Circumplanetary disk">circumplanetary disk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TIC_172900988_b" class="mw-redirect" title="TIC 172900988 b">TIC 172900988 b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TOI-178#Orbital_resonance" title="TOI-178">TOI-178</a> <ul><li>b</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TOI-178c" title="TOI-178c">c</a></li> <li>d</li> <li>e</li> <li>f</li> <li>g</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_110113" title="HD 110113">TOI-755</a> <ul><li>b</li> <li>c</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vega#Possible_planetary_system" title="Vega">Vega b</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(unconfirmed)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YSES_2_b" title="YSES 2 b">YSES 2 b</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discoveries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/QSO_J0313%E2%88%921806" title="QSO J0313−1806">QSO J0313−1806</a> (distant quasar)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ID2299" title="ID2299">ID2299</a> (elliptical galaxy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TIC_168789840" title="TIC 168789840">TIC 168789840</a> sextuple system</li> <li><a href="/wiki/V723_Monocerotis" title="V723 Monocerotis">V723 Mon</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_nearest_black_holes" class="mw-redirect" title="List of nearest black holes">black hole</a> candidate</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2018_AG37" title="2018 AG37">2018 AG<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">37</span></span></a></span> (TNO)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2021_DR15" title="2021 DR15">2021 DR<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">15</span></span></a></span> (TNO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALESS_073.1" title="ALESS 073.1">ALESS 073.1</a> (spiral galaxy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PJ352%E2%80%9315" title="PJ352–15">PJ352–15</a> <a href="/wiki/Astrophysical_jet" title="Astrophysical jet">astrophysical jet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2MASS_J03480772%E2%88%926022270" title="2MASS J03480772−6022270">2MASS J0348−6022</a> (rapidly-rotating brown dwarf)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZTF_J1901%2B1458" title="ZTF J1901+1458">ZTF J1901+1458</a> (massive white dwarf)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WISE_1534%E2%80%931043" title="WISE 1534–1043">WISE 1534–1043</a> (brown dwarf)</li> <li>1 <a href="/wiki/S/2003_J_24" title="S/2003 J 24">moon of Jupiter</a></li> <li>1 <a href="/wiki/S/2019_S_1" title="S/2019 S 1">moon of Saturn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andy%27s_object" class="mw-redirect" title="Andy's object">Andy's object</a> (radio source)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Comets <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Category:Comets_in_2021" title="Category:Comets in 2021"><img alt="Comets in 2021" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/15px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/30px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C/2021_A1_(Leonard)" title="C/2021 A1 (Leonard)">C/2021 A1 (Leonard)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2021_J1_(Maury-Attard)" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2021 J1 (Maury-Attard)">C/2021 J1 (Maury-Attard)</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(248370)_2005_QN173" title="(248370) 2005 QN173">(248370) 2005 QN<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">173</span></span></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8P/Tuttle" title="8P/Tuttle">8P/Tuttle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2014_OG392_(PanSTARRS)" title="C/2014 OG392 (PanSTARRS)"><span class="nowrap">C/2014 OG<sub>392</sub></span> (PanSTARRS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2014_UN271_(Bernardinelli-Bernstein)" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2014 UN271 (Bernardinelli-Bernstein)"><span class="nowrap">C/2014 UN<sub>271</sub></span> (Bernardinelli-Bernstein)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2021_T4_(Lemmon)" title="C/2021 T4 (Lemmon)">C/2021 T4 (Lemmon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P/2021_U3_(Attard-Maury)" class="mw-redirect" title="P/2021 U3 (Attard-Maury)">P/2021 U3 (Attard-Maury)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Space <br />exploration</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emirates_Mars_Mission" title="Emirates Mars Mission"><i>Hope</i> Mars mission</a> (Mars orbit insertion: Feb 2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_2020" title="Mars 2020">Mars 2020</a> (Mars orbit insertion: Feb 2021; <a href="/wiki/Perseverance_(rover)" title="Perseverance (rover)"><i>Perseverance</i></a> Mars landing: Feb 2021)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tianwen-1" title="Tianwen-1">Tianwen-1</a></i> (Mars orbit insertion: Feb 2021; <a href="/wiki/Zhurong_(rover)" title="Zhurong (rover)"><i>Zhurong</i> rover</a> Mars landing: May 2021)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Earth-moon.jpg/32px-Earth-moon.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Earth-moon.jpg/48px-Earth-moon.jpg 1.5x, 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