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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">masquer</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Début</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Histoire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Histoire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Histoire</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Histoire-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Histoire</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Histoire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-XXe_siècle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#XXe_siècle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span><span>XX</span><sup>e</sup> siècle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-XXe_siècle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-XXIe_siècle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#XXIe_siècle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span><span>XXI</span><sup>e</sup> siècle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-XXIe_siècle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Catastrophe_écologique_de_2005" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catastrophe_écologique_de_2005"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Catastrophe écologique de 2005</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catastrophe_écologique_de_2005-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pollution_atmosphérique_de_2013" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pollution_atmosphérique_de_2013"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>Pollution atmosphérique de 2013</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pollution_atmosphérique_de_2013-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jumelages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jumelages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Jumelages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jumelages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Économie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Économie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Économie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Économie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Transport</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Transport_aérien" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport_aérien"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Transport aérien</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport_aérien-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport_ferré" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport_ferré"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Transport ferré</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport_ferré-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport_urbain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport_urbain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Transport urbain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport_urbain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enseignement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enseignement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Enseignement</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Enseignement-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Enseignement</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Enseignement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Université" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Université"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Université</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Université-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Autre_établissement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Autre_établissement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Autre établissement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Autre_établissement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Climat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Subdivisions_administratives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subdivisions_administratives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Subdivisions administratives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subdivisions_administratives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personnalités" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personnalités"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Personnalités</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personnalités-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_et_références" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_et_références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notes et références</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_et_références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voir_aussi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voir_aussi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Voir aussi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Voir aussi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Harbin_dans_la_littérature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Harbin_dans_la_littérature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Harbin dans la littérature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Harbin_dans_la_littérature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Articles_connexes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Articles_connexes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Articles connexes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Articles_connexes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liens_externes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liens_externes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3</span> <span>Liens externes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liens_externes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table des matières" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Harbin</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 107 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-107" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">107 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin – aceh" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Harbin" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="aceh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Harbin" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%86" title="هاربن – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هاربن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%86" title="هاربن – arabe égyptien" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هاربن" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabe égyptien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin – asturien" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Harbin" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin – azerbaïdjanais" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Harbin" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaïdjanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Харбін – biélorusse" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Харбін" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="biélorusse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Харбін – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Харбін" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Харбин – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Харбин" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8" title="হারপিন – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হারপিন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin – breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Harbin" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Харбин – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Харбин" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Harbin" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C4%83k-%C4%AB-b%C4%ADng" title="Hăk-ī-bĭng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Hăk-ī-bĭng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Харбин – tchétchène" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Харбин" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tchétchène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbin_(kapital_sa_lalawigan_sa_Pangmasang_Republika_sa_T%C5%9Bina)" title="Harbin (kapital sa lalawigan sa Pangmasang Republika sa Tśina) – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Harbin (kapital sa lalawigan sa Pangmasang Republika sa Tśina)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charbin" title="Charbin – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Charbin" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Харбин – tchouvache" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Харбин" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tchouvache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin – gallois" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Harbin" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin – danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Harbin" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Harbin" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%80%CE%AF%CE%BD" title="Χαρπίν – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χαρπίν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Harbin" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbino" title="Harbino – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Harbino" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Harbin" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin – estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Harbin" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Harbin" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86" title="هاربین – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هاربین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Harbin" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin – frison septentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Harbin" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frison septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%88%E7%88%BE%E6%BF%B1" title="哈爾濱 – gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="哈爾濱" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin – galicien" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Harbin" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin – haoussa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Harbin" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="haoussa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ha%CC%8Dp-ng%C3%AC-p%C3%AEn-s%E1%B9%B3" title="Ha̍p-ngì-pîn-sṳ – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Ha̍p-ngì-pîn-sṳ" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%99%D7%9F" title="חרבין – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חרבין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="हारबिन – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="हारबिन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin – croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Harbin" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Harbin" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A2%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Հարբին – arménien" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հարբին" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BA%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Հարպին – arménien occidental" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Հարպին" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="arménien occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Harbin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Harbin" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin – islandais" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Harbin" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Harbin" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%83%AB%E3%83%93%E3%83%B3%E5%B8%82" title="ハルビン市 – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ハルビン市" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ხარბინი – géorgien" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ხარბინი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="géorgien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin – kikongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Harbin" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="kikongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin – kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Harbin" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Харбин – kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Харбин" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%98%EC%96%BC%EB%B9%88%EC%8B%9C" title="하얼빈시 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="하얼빈시" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin – kurde" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Harbin" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurde" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Харбин – kirghize" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Харбин" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirghize" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbinia" title="Harbinia – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Harbinia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin – ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Harbin" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbinas" title="Harbinas – lituanien" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Harbinas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbina" title="Harbina – letton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Harbina" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin – malgache" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Harbin" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Харбин – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Харбин" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin – maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Harbin" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%80%E0%B5%BB" title="ഹാർബീൻ – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഹാർബീൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Харбин – mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Харбин" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="हार्पिन – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="हार्पिन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin – malais" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Harbin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9F%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7" title="ဟာရ်ပင်းမြို့ – birman" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဟာရ်ပင်းမြို့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86" title="هاربین – mazandérani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="هاربین" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandérani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="हार्बिन – népalais" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="हार्बिन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="népalais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Harbin" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin – norvégien nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Harbin" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvégien nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Harbin" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin – occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Harbin" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Харбин – ossète" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Харбин" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossète" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8" title="ਹਾਰਬਿਨ – pendjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਹਾਰਬਿਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pendjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin – pampangan" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Harbin" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampangan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Harbin" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Harbin" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Harbin" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Harbin" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Харбин – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Харбин" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Харбин – iakoute" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Харбин" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="iakoute" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin – écossais" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Harbin" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="écossais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%86" title="هاربن – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="هاربن" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Harbin" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Harbin" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charbin" title="Charbin – slovaque" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Charbin" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Харбин – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Харбин" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Harbin" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Harbin" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin – silésien" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Harbin" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="silésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="கார்பின் – tamoul" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கார்பின்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamoul" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="ฮาร์บิน – thaï" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ฮาร์บิน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thaï" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Harbin" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Harbin" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Харбин – tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Харбин" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%89%D9%86_%D8%B4%DB%95%DA%BE%D9%89%D8%B1%D9%89" title="خاربىن شەھىرى – ouïghour" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="خاربىن شەھىرى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="ouïghour" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Харбін – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Харбін" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%86" title="ہاربن – ourdou" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ہاربن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ourdou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xarbin" title="Xarbin – ouzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Xarbin" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ouzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin – vepse" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Harbin" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A1p_Nh%C4%A9_T%C3%A2n" title="Cáp Nhĩ Tân – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cáp Nhĩ Tân" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Harbin" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%B0%94%E6%BB%A8%E5%B8%82" title="哈尔滨市 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="哈尔滨市" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ჰარბინი – mingrélien" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჰარბინი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrélien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hah%27wjbinh" title="Hah'wjbinh – zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Hah'wjbinh" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%B0%94%E6%BB%A8%E5%B8%82" title="哈尔滨市 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="哈尔滨市" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%88%E7%88%BE%E6%BF%B1%E5%B8%82" title="哈爾濱市 – chinois littéraire" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="哈爾濱市" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="chinois littéraire" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hah-n%C3%AD-pin-chh%C4%AB" title="Hah-ní-pin-chhī – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hah-ní-pin-chhī" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%88%E7%88%BE%E6%BF%B1" title="哈爾濱 – cantonais" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="哈爾濱" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q42956#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifier les liens interlangues" class="wbc-editpage">Modifier les liens</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaces de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Harbin" title="Voir le contenu de la page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussion:Harbin" rel="discussion" title="Discussion au sujet de cette page de contenu [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Modifier la variante de langue" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">français</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Affichages"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Harbin"><span>Lire</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harbin&veaction=edit" title="Modifier cette page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifier</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harbin&action=edit" title="Modifier le wikicode de cette page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifier le code</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harbin&action=history" title="Historique des versions de cette page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Voir l’historique</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Outils" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Outils</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Outils</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">masquer</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Plus d’options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Harbin"><span>Lire</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harbin&veaction=edit" title="Modifier cette page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifier</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harbin&action=edit" title="Modifier le wikicode de cette page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifier le code</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harbin&action=history"><span>Voir l’historique</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Général </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Pages_li%C3%A9es/Harbin" title="Liste des pages liées qui pointent sur celle-ci [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Suivi_des_liens/Harbin" rel="nofollow" title="Liste des modifications récentes des pages appelées par celle-ci [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Suivi des pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aide:Importer_un_fichier" title="Téléverser des fichiers [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Téléverser un fichier</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harbin&oldid=223923962" title="Adresse permanente de cette version de cette page"><span>Lien permanent</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harbin&action=info" title="Davantage d’informations sur cette page"><span>Informations sur la page</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Citer&page=Harbin&id=223923962&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informations sur la manière de citer cette page"><span>Citer cette page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHarbin"><span>Obtenir l'URL raccourcie</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHarbin"><span>Télécharger le code QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimer / exporter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Livre&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Harbin"><span>Créer un livre</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Harbin&action=show-download-screen"><span>Télécharger comme PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harbin&printable=yes" title="Version imprimable de cette page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Version imprimable</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dans d’autres projets </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%B0%94%E6%BB%A8" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Harbin" hreflang="fr"><span>Wikivoyage</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q42956" title="Lien vers l’élément dans le dépôt de données connecté [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Élément Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Apparence"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Apparence</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">masquer</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates" class="noprint"><a class="mw-kartographer-maplink" data-mw-kartographer="maplink" data-style="osm-intl" href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Map/9/45.75/126.633333/fr" data-zoom="9" data-lat="45.75" data-lon="126.633333" data-overlays="["_d9e17f2b1954f42d3628b9bce54d026c34f63431"]">45° 45′ 00″ nord, 126° 38′ 00″ est</a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><div class="bandeau-container metadata homonymie hatnote"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Homonymie" title="Aide:Homonymie"><img alt="Page d’aide sur l’homonymie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/20px-Logo_disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/30px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/40px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="375" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Pour les articles homonymes, voir <a href="/wiki/Harbin_(bi%C3%A8re)" title="Harbin (bière)">Harbin (bière)</a>. </p> </div></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox_v2 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" class="entete entete map" style="background-color:#DDFFDD;color:black;">Harbin <br /><small><bdi style="display:inline-block;font-size:1.5em;line-height:1;font-family:'Menk Hawang Tig','Menk Qagan Tig','Menk Garqag Tig','Menk Har_a Tig','Menk Scnin Tig','Oyun Gurban Ulus Tig','Oyun Qagan Tig','Oyun Garqag Tig','Oyun Har_a Tig','Oyun Scnin Tig','Noto Sans Mongolian','Mongolian Baiti','Mongolian BT','Mongol Usug','Mongolian White','MongolianScript','Code2000','Menksoft Qagan';font-weight:normal;-ms-writing-mode:tb-lr;writing-mode:tb-lr;-webkit-writing-mode:vertical-lr;writing-mode:vertical-lr;vertical-align:text-top;"><span class="lang-mnc" lang="mnc">ᡥᠠᡵᠪᡳᠨ</span></bdi> <span class="lang-zh" lang="zh">哈尔滨</span>, Hā'ěrbīn, Kharbine, Charbin</small><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r151886662">.mw-parser-output .entete.map{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/Picto_infobox_map.png")}</style> </td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; line-height: 1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Harbin_Montage.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Harbin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Harbin_Montage.JPG/280px-Harbin_Montage.JPG" decoding="async" width="280" height="375" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Harbin_Montage.JPG/420px-Harbin_Montage.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/Harbin_Montage.JPG 2x" data-file-width="502" data-file-height="672" /></a></span> <br />De haut en bas et de gauche à droite : Hongbo, monument de l'inondation, <a href="/wiki/Cath%C3%A9drale_Sainte-Sophie_de_Harbin" title="Cathédrale Sainte-Sophie de Harbin">Cathédrale Sainte-Sophie de Harbin</a>, pont de Songpu, avenue du centre, Festival de glace. </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#DDFFDD; color:#000000">Administration</th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Liste_des_pays_du_monde" title="Liste des pays du monde">Pays</a> </th> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Chine"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de la République populaire de Chine"><img alt="Drapeau de la République populaire de Chine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Chine" title="Chine">Chine</a></span> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Province ou région autonome </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Heilongjiang" title="Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Administration_territoriale_de_la_r%C3%A9publique_populaire_de_Chine" title="Administration territoriale de la république populaire de Chine">Statut administratif</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ville_sous-provinciale" title="Ville sous-provinciale">Ville sous-provinciale</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Secrétaire du <a href="/wiki/Parti_communiste_chinois" title="Parti communiste chinois"> PCC</a> </th> <td>Wang Zhaoli (王兆利) </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Maire" title="Maire">Maire</a> </th> <td>Sun Zhe (孙喆) depuis 2018 </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Code_postal" title="Code postal">Code postal</a> </th> <td>Ville : 150000<sup id="cite_ref-CP_Chine_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CP_Chine-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Code_AITA" class="mw-redirect" title="Code AITA">Code aéroport</a> </th> <td>HRB </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Liste_des_indicatifs_t%C3%A9l%C3%A9phoniques_internationaux_par_indicatif" title="Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par indicatif">Indicatif</a> </th> <td>+86 (0)0451<sup id="cite_ref-CP_Chine_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CP_Chine-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Immatriculation </th> <td>黑A </td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#DDFFDD; color:#000000">Démographie</th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Population </th> <td>10 635 971 <abbr class="abbr" title="habitant">hab.</abbr> <small>(2010)</small> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="vertical-align: bottom"><a href="/wiki/Densit%C3%A9_de_population" title="Densité de population">Densité</a></th> <td>198 <abbr class="abbr" title="habitant par kilomètre carré">hab./km<sup>2</sup></abbr></td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#DDFFDD; color:#000000">Géographie</th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Coordonn%C3%A9es_g%C3%A9ographiques" title="Coordonnées géographiques">Coordonnées</a> </th><td><a class="mw-kartographer-maplink" data-mw-kartographer="maplink" data-style="osm-intl" href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Map/9/45.75/126.633333/fr" data-zoom="9" data-lat="45.75" data-lon="126.633333" data-overlays="["_d9e17f2b1954f42d3628b9bce54d026c34f63431"]">45° 45′ 00″ nord, 126° 38′ 00″ est</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Altitude" title="Altitude">Altitude</a> </th> <td>150 <abbr class="abbr" title="mètre">m</abbr><br /> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Aire_(g%C3%A9om%C3%A9trie)#Superficie" title="Aire (géométrie)">Superficie</a> </th> <td><span title="53 775 000 000 m² ou 53 775 km²" style="cursor:help">5 377 500</span> <abbr class="abbr" title="hectare">ha</abbr> = 53 775 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre carré">km<sup>2</sup></abbr> </td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#DDFFDD; color:#000000">Divers</th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Produit_int%C3%A9rieur_brut" title="Produit intérieur brut">PIB</a> total </th> <td>501 milliards de <a href="/wiki/Yuan" title="Yuan">yuans</a> (2013) </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">PIB par habitant </th> <td>49 565 yuans (2013) </td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#DDFFDD; color:#000000">Localisation</th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; line-height: 1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fichier:China_Heilongjiang_Harbin.svg&lang=fr" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Localisation de Harbin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/China_Heilongjiang_Harbin.svg/langfr-280px-China_Heilongjiang_Harbin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/China_Heilongjiang_Harbin.svg/langfr-420px-China_Heilongjiang_Harbin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/China_Heilongjiang_Harbin.svg/langfr-560px-China_Heilongjiang_Harbin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="850" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <div class="img_toggle" style="text-align:center;"> <div class="geobox"> <div><small>Géolocalisation sur la carte : <a href="/wiki/Chine" title="Chine">Chine</a></small></div> <table class="DebutCarte" style="width:auto; margin:0; border:none; border-spacing:0; padding:0; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr><td style="border:none; padding:0"><div style="position:relative;;"><span class="noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:China_LCC_topographic_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Voir sur la carte topographique de Chine"><img alt="Voir sur la carte topographique de Chine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/China_LCC_topographic_map.svg/280px-China_LCC_topographic_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/China_LCC_topographic_map.svg/420px-China_LCC_topographic_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/China_LCC_topographic_map.svg/560px-China_LCC_topographic_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="576" data-file-height="496" /></a></span> <div style="position:absolute;top:calc(21.517466629918% - 8px);left:calc(87.113574740932% - 8px);line-height:0;"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:City_locator_14.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/City_locator_14.svg/16px-City_locator_14.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/City_locator_14.svg/24px-City_locator_14.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/City_locator_14.svg/32px-City_locator_14.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></div><div style="position:absolute;font-size:90%;bottom:calc(100% - 21.517466629918% + 0.5em);right:calc(100% - 87.113574740932% + 0.5em);text-align:right;"><span class="toponyme">Harbin</span></div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div><div class="geobox"> <div><small>Géolocalisation sur la carte : <a href="/wiki/Chine" title="Chine">Chine</a></small></div> <table class="DebutCarte" style="width:auto; margin:0; border:none; border-spacing:0; padding:0; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr><td style="border:none; padding:0"><div style="position:relative;;"><span class="noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:China_LCC_administrative_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Voir sur la carte administrative de Chine"><img alt="Voir sur la carte administrative de Chine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/China_LCC_administrative_map.svg/330px-China_LCC_administrative_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/China_LCC_administrative_map.svg/500px-China_LCC_administrative_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/China_LCC_administrative_map.svg/560px-China_LCC_administrative_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="576" data-file-height="496" /></a></span> <div style="position:absolute;top:calc(21.517466629918% - 8px);left:calc(87.113574740932% - 8px);line-height:0;"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:City_locator_14.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/City_locator_14.svg/16px-City_locator_14.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/City_locator_14.svg/24px-City_locator_14.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/City_locator_14.svg/32px-City_locator_14.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></div><div style="position:absolute;font-size:90%;bottom:calc(100% - 21.517466629918% + 0.5em);right:calc(100% - 87.113574740932% + 0.5em);text-align:right;"><span class="toponyme">Harbin</span></div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#DDFFDD; color:#000000">Liens</th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Site_web" title="Site web">Site web</a> </th> <td><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.harbin.gov.cn">www.harbin.gov.cn</a></span> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:left;"><div class="references-small decimal" style=""> </div></td> </tr><tr> <td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px #DDFFDD solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; color: inherit; text-align: right;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left;"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Harbin&action=edit&section=0"><span class="infodoc">modifier</span></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Infobox_Ville_de_Chine" title="Consultez la documentation du modèle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Harbin</b> (du <a href="/wiki/Mandchou" title="Mandchou">mandchou</a> : <bdi style="display:inline-block;font-size:1.5em;line-height:1;font-family:'Menk Hawang Tig','Menk Qagan Tig','Menk Garqag Tig','Menk Har_a Tig','Menk Scnin Tig','Oyun Gurban Ulus Tig','Oyun Qagan Tig','Oyun Garqag Tig','Oyun Har_a Tig','Oyun Scnin Tig','Noto Sans Mongolian','Mongolian Baiti','Mongolian BT','Mongol Usug','Mongolian White','MongolianScript','Code2000','Menksoft Qagan';font-weight:normal;-ms-writing-mode:tb-lr;writing-mode:tb-lr;-webkit-writing-mode:vertical-lr;writing-mode:vertical-lr;vertical-align:text-top;"><span class="lang-mnc" lang="mnc">ᡥᠠᡵᠪᡳᠨ</span></bdi>), pouvant également être translittéré <b>Harbin</b> (<a href="/wiki/Sinogramme_simplifi%C3%A9" title="Sinogramme simplifié">chinois simplifié</a> : <span class="lang-zh-hans" lang="zh-hans">哈尔滨</span> ; <a href="/wiki/Sinogramme_traditionnel" title="Sinogramme traditionnel">chinois traditionnel</a> : <span class="lang-zh-hant" lang="zh-hant">哈爾濱</span> ; <a href="/wiki/Hanyu_pinyin" title="Hanyu pinyin">pinyin</a> : <span style="font-style:italic;"><span class="lang-zh-latn-pinyin" lang="zh-latn-pinyin">Hā'ěrbīn</span></span>), <b>Kharbine</b> ou encore <b>Charbin</b>, est la capitale de la <a href="/wiki/Provinces_de_Chine" title="Provinces de Chine">province</a> du <a href="/wiki/Heilongjiang" title="Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</a>, en <a href="/wiki/Chine" title="Chine">république populaire de Chine</a>. Elle a le statut administratif de <a href="/wiki/Ville_sous-provinciale" title="Ville sous-provinciale">ville sous-provinciale</a>. </p><p>Elle se situe sur les rives méridionales de la rivière <a href="/wiki/Songhua" title="Songhua">Songhua</a>. Harbin est une ville industrielle florissante, c'est aussi le plus important centre politique, économique, scientifique, culturel et le nœud de communications de la Chine du nord-est. Le <a href="/wiki/Dialecte_de_Harbin" title="Dialecte de Harbin">dialecte de Harbin</a> (groupe nord-est du <a href="/wiki/Mandarin_(langue)" title="Mandarin (langue)">mandarin</a>) y est parlé. La ville est également le siège de la <a href="/wiki/Harbin_Aircraft_Manufacturing_Corporation" title="Harbin Aircraft Manufacturing Corporation">Harbin Aircraft Manufacturing Corporation</a> qui produit des petits <a href="/wiki/Avion" title="Avion">avions</a> et des <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9licopt%C3%A8re" title="Hélicoptère">hélicoptères</a>, et emploie 16 000 personnes. </p><p>Harbin est connue pour être une des villes principales en <a href="/wiki/Mandchourie" title="Mandchourie">Mandchourie</a> et en <a href="/wiki/Asie_du_Nord-Est" title="Asie du Nord-Est">Asie du Nord-Est</a>. Elle porte le surnom de <span class="citation">« Perle du cou (du <a href="/wiki/Cygne" title="Cygne">cygne</a>) »</span> en raison de la forme générale du Heilongjiang (en forme de cygne) mais également de <span class="citation">« <a href="/wiki/Moscou" title="Moscou">Moscou</a> d'Orient »</span> ou de <span class="citation">« <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> d'Orient »</span>, en raison de l'architecture de la ville. Mais elle est également surnommée Ville de Glace en raison du long hiver qui y règne. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Histoire">Histoire</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harbin&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Histoire" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harbin&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Histoire"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Les premières traces d'occupation humaine dans la région de Harbin datent d'au moins 2200 <abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr> (fin de l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%82ge_de_la_pierre" title="Âge de la pierre">âge de la pierre</a>). Cet endroit s'appelait auparavant Pinkiang. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="XXe_siècle"><span id="XXe_si.C3.A8cle"></span><abbr class="abbr" title="20ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harbin&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : XXe siècle" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harbin&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : XXe siècle"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La fondation de la ville actuelle de Harbin date de 1898, avec la construction du <a href="/wiki/Chemin_de_fer_de_l%27Est_chinois" title="Chemin de fer de l'Est chinois">Chemin de fer de l'Est chinois</a> par la <a href="/wiki/Russie" title="Russie">Russie</a>. Après la défaite russe lors de la <a href="/wiki/Guerre_russo-japonaise" title="Guerre russo-japonaise">Guerre russo-japonaise</a> (1904-1905), l'influence de la Russie a diminué et 160 000 ressortissants de trente-trois pays (notamment les <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tats-Unis" title="États-Unis">États-Unis</a>, l'<a href="/wiki/Allemagne" title="Allemagne">Allemagne</a> et la <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>) s'installèrent à Harbin. Seize pays y établirent des consulats et y implantèrent plusieurs milliers d'entreprises industrielles, commerciales et bancaires. Les Chinois s'y établirent aussi, en ouvrant notamment des entreprises de brassage, de production alimentaire ainsi que des industries textiles. Harbin avait dès lors assis son statut de métropole du <a href="/wiki/Mandchourie" title="Mandchourie">nord-est de la Chine</a>. </p><p>En décembre 1918, pendant la <a href="/wiki/Guerre_civile_russe" title="Guerre civile russe">guerre civile russe</a>, le <a href="/wiki/Dimitri_Leonidovitch_Khorvat" title="Dimitri Leonidovitch Khorvat">général Khorvat</a>, aidé de <a href="/wiki/Arm%C3%A9es_blanches" title="Armées blanches">gardes blancs</a> et de troupes chinoises, prit la ville, qui devint par la suite un centre important de la communauté <a href="/wiki/Juifs" title="Juifs">juive</a> et de <a href="/wiki/Russes_blancs" title="Russes blancs">Russes blancs</a> émigrés. La présence russe est à l'origine de l'implantation de l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%89glise_orthodoxe_russe" title="Église orthodoxe russe">Église orthodoxe</a> dans la région<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dont l'ancienne cathédrale Sainte-Sophie est aujourd'hui un vestige. </p><p>L'<a href="/wiki/Arm%C3%A9e_imp%C3%A9riale_japonaise" title="Armée impériale japonaise">Armée impériale japonaise</a> <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9fense_de_Harbin" title="Défense de Harbin">occupa Harbin à partir du 4 février 1932</a>. Elle implanta dans le village de <a href="/wiki/Ping_Fang" class="mw-redirect" title="Ping Fang">Ping Fang</a>, près de Harbin, l'<a href="/wiki/Unit%C3%A9_731" title="Unité 731">unité 731</a>, où des médecins <a href="/wiki/Japon" title="Japon">nippons</a> pratiquaient des expérimentations sur des <span class="page_h"><a href="/wiki/Cobaye" class="mw-disambig" title="Cobaye">cobayes</a></span> humains, sous la direction de <a href="/wiki/Shiro_Ishii" class="mw-redirect" title="Shiro Ishii">Shiro Ishii</a>. La ville est incluse dans le <a href="/wiki/Mandchoukouo" title="Mandchoukouo">Mandchoukouo</a> créé le 18 février 1932. </p><p>L'<a href="/wiki/Arm%C3%A9e_rouge" title="Armée rouge">Armée rouge</a> prit la ville le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1945-08-20" data-sort-value="1945-08-20">20 août 1945</time>. Après une période sous l'administration du <a href="/wiki/Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">Kuomintang</a>, la ville tomba sous la domination de l'<a href="/wiki/Arm%C3%A9e_populaire_de_lib%C3%A9ration" title="Armée populaire de libération">Armée populaire de libération</a> chinoise en avril 1946. Les Russes qui n'avaient pas pris la fuite furent déportés vers la <a href="/wiki/Sib%C3%A9rie" title="Sibérie">Sibérie</a>. </p><p>Les huit cantons de Harbin étaient à l'origine une partie de la préfecture du Songhuajiang (<span class="lang-zh" lang="zh">松花江地区</span>) et sont intégrés à la ville le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1996-08-11" data-sort-value="1996-08-11">11 août 1996</time>, faisant de Harbin une cité sous-provinciale. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="XXIe_siècle"><span id="XXIe_si.C3.A8cle"></span><abbr class="abbr" title="21ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XXI</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harbin&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : XXIe siècle" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harbin&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : XXIe siècle"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Catastrophe_écologique_de_2005"><span id="Catastrophe_.C3.A9cologique_de_2005"></span>Catastrophe écologique de 2005</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harbin&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifier la section : Catastrophe écologique de 2005" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harbin&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Catastrophe écologique de 2005"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe">Article détaillé : <a href="/wiki/Catastrophe_de_l%27usine_p%C3%A9trochimique_de_Jilin" title="Catastrophe de l'usine pétrochimique de Jilin">Catastrophe de l'usine pétrochimique de Jilin</a>.</div></div> <p>Le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2005-11-23" data-sort-value="2005-11-23">23 novembre 2005</time>, une importante nappe de <a href="/wiki/Benz%C3%A8ne" title="Benzène">benzène</a> dans le fleuve <a href="/wiki/Songhua" title="Songhua">Songhua</a>, dans le nord de la <a href="/wiki/Chine" title="Chine">Chine</a>, menace les habitants de la ville de Harbin, l'une des plus peuplées du pays avec près de 4,6 millions d'habitants. Une <a href="/wiki/Explosion" title="Explosion">explosion</a> dans une usine pétrochimique de <a href="/wiki/Jilin" title="Jilin">Jilin</a>, dix jours auparavant, est à l'origine de cette pollution. L'agence chinoise de l'environnement ne confirme l'accident environnemental que <span class="nowrap">10 jours</span> après l'explosion à l'usine publique <i>China National Petroleum Corporation</i>. L'explosion, qui a fait <span class="nowrap">5 morts</span>, a alors provoqué la formation d'une nappe de benzène, un solvant toxique, de 80 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre">km</abbr> de long. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pollution_atmosphérique_de_2013"><span id="Pollution_atmosph.C3.A9rique_de_2013"></span>Pollution atmosphérique de 2013</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harbin&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifier la section : Pollution atmosphérique de 2013" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harbin&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Pollution atmosphérique de 2013"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La ville fait face en 2013 à une <a href="/wiki/Pollution_de_l%27air" title="Pollution de l'air">pollution de l'air</a>, qui se traduit par un pic de pollution lié à l'arrivée de l'hiver et à l'utilisation du chauffage domestique en date du <a href="/wiki/21_octobre" title="21 octobre">21 octobre</a>. Les relevés atmosphériques indiquaient un indice de 1 000 pour les particules fines PM2,5 (particules dont le diamètre est de 2,5 micromètres)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>La visibilité est réduite à 50 mètres dans certains endroits de la ville et à moins de 500 mètres dans les villes voisines de la province de <a href="/wiki/Jilin" title="Jilin">Jilin</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Les médias locaux font un lien entre cette pollution et le chauffage mis en marche pendant l'hiver<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jumelages">Jumelages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harbin&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifier la section : Jumelages" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harbin&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Jumelages"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Pays</th> <th>Ville</th> <th>Date</th> <th>Lieu de signature</th> <th>Personne de signature (Harbin) </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Japon"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Japan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau du Japon"><img alt="Drapeau du Japon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/20px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Japon" title="Japon">Japon</a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Niigata" title="Niigata">Niigata</a></td> <td>17 décembre 1979</td> <td>Niigata</td> <td>Minsheng Wen </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Danemark"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Denmark.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau du Danemark"><img alt="Drapeau du Danemark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/30px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Danemark" title="Danemark">Danemark</a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aarhus" title="Aarhus">Aarhus</a></td> <td>2 mai 1984</td> <td>Aarhus</td> <td>Rensheng Wang </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Canada"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Canada.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau du Canada"><img alt="Drapeau du Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/20px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/30px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/40px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Edmonton" title="Edmonton">Edmonton</a></td> <td>5 décembre 1985</td> <td>Harbin</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Russie"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Russia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de la Russie"><img alt="Drapeau de la Russie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russie" title="Russie">Russie</a></span></td> <td>Oblast de Sverdlovsk</td> <td>22 avril 1991</td> <td>Harbin</td> <td>Jiating Li </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="États unis"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau des États-Unis"><img alt="Drapeau des États-Unis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tats-Unis" title="États-Unis">États-Unis</a></span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Minneapolis" title="Minneapolis">Minneapolis</a></td> <td>18 septembre 1992</td> <td>Harbin</td> <td>Changyou Suo </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Russie"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Russia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de la Russie"><img alt="Drapeau de la Russie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russie" title="Russie">Russie</a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Khabarovsk" title="Khabarovsk">Khabarovsk</a></td> <td>15 juin 1993</td> <td>Harbin</td> <td>Zhu Shengwen </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Pologne"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Poland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de la Pologne"><img alt="Drapeau de la Pologne" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Pologne" title="Pologne">Pologne</a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Varsovie" title="Varsovie">Varsovie</a></td> <td>18 juin 1993</td> <td>Harbin</td> <td>Zhu Shengwen </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Roumanie"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Romania.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de la Roumanie"><img alt="Drapeau de la Roumanie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/20px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/30px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/40px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Roumanie" title="Roumanie">Roumanie</a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ploie%C8%99ti" title="Ploiești">Ploiești</a></td> <td>1 mai 1995</td> <td>Ploiești</td> <td>Suo Changyou </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Japon"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Japan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau du Japon"><img alt="Drapeau du Japon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/20px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Japon" title="Japon">Japon</a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Asahikawa" title="Asahikawa">Asahikawa</a></td> <td>21 novembre 1995</td> <td>Asahikawa</td> <td>Wang Guangtao </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Corée du Sud"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_South_Korea.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de la Corée du Sud"><img alt="Drapeau de la Corée du Sud" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/20px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/40px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Cor%C3%A9e_du_Sud" title="Corée du Sud">Corée du Sud</a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bucheon" title="Bucheon">Bucheon</a></td> <td>28 novembre 1995</td> <td>Bucheon</td> <td>Wang Guangtao </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Israël"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Israel.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau d’Israël"><img alt="Drapeau d’Israël" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/20px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/30px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/40px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Isra%C3%ABl" title="Israël">Israël</a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Givatayim" title="Givatayim">Givatayim</a> </td> <td>23 septembre 1999 </td> <td>Par correspondance </td> <td>Cao Guangliang </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Afrique du Sud"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_South_Africa.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau d'Afrique du Sud"><img alt="Drapeau d'Afrique du Sud" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/20px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/40px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Afrique_du_Sud" title="Afrique du Sud">Afrique du Sud</a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ekurhuleni" title="Ekurhuleni">Ekurhuleni</a> </td> <td>15 juin 2001 </td> <td>Harbin </td> <td>Shi Zhongxin </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Lettonie"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Latvia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de la Lettonie"><img alt="Drapeau de la Lettonie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Lettonie" title="Lettonie">Lettonie</a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Daugavpils" title="Daugavpils">Daugavpils</a> </td> <td>6 janvier 2003 </td> <td>Harbin </td> <td>Shi Zhongxin </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Bresil"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Brazil.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau du Brésil"><img alt="Drapeau du Brésil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/20px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/40px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Br%C3%A9sil" title="Brésil">Brésil</a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Salvador_(Bahia)" title="Salvador (Bahia)">Salvador</a></td> <td>8 avril 2003 </td> <td>Salvador </td> <td>Meng Guangsui </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Australie"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Australia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de l'Australie"><img alt="Drapeau de l'Australie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Australie" title="Australie">Australie</a></span> </td> <td>Griffith </td> <td>7 juin 2005 </td> <td>Harbin </td> <td>Shi Zhongxin </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Nouvelle zélande"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de la Nouvelle-Zélande"><img alt="Drapeau de la Nouvelle-Zélande" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/20px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/40px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Nouvelle-Z%C3%A9lande" title="Nouvelle-Zélande">Nouvelle-Zélande</a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/District_de_South_Taranaki" title="District de South Taranaki">District de South Taranaki</a> </td> <td>14 septembre 2005 </td> <td>Harbin </td> <td>Shi Zhongxin </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Finlande"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Finland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de la Finlande"><img alt="Drapeau de la Finlande" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Finlande" title="Finlande">Finlande</a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rovaniemi" title="Rovaniemi">Rovaniemi</a> </td> <td>4 janvier 2006 </td> <td>Harbin </td> <td>Shi Zhongxin </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Hongrie"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Hungary.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de la Hongrie"><img alt="Drapeau de la Hongrie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/20px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/40px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Hongrie" title="Hongrie">Hongrie</a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ny%C3%ADregyh%C3%A1za" title="Nyíregyháza">Nyíregyháza</a> </td> <td>15 juillet 2006 </td> <td>Harbin </td> <td>Shi Zhongxin </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Italie"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Italy.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de l'Italie"><img alt="Drapeau de l'Italie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/20px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/40px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Italie" title="Italie">Italie</a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Riccione" title="Riccione">Riccione</a> </td> <td>19 juillet 2006 </td> <td>Riccione </td> <td>Zhang Guihua </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Russie"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Russia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de la Russie"><img alt="Drapeau de la Russie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russie" title="Russie">Russie</a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iakoutsk" title="Iakoutsk">Iakoutsk</a> </td> <td>10 janvier 2007 </td> <td>Harbin </td> <td>Zhang Guihua </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Philippines"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau des Philippines"><img alt="Drapeau des Philippines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cagay%C3%A1n_de_Oro" title="Cagayán de Oro">Cagayán de Oro</a> </td> <td>2 mars 2007 </td> <td>Par correspondance </td> <td>Zhang Xiaolian </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Chili"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Chile.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau du Chili"><img alt="Drapeau du Chili" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/20px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/40px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Chili" title="Chili">Chili</a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Punta_Arenas" title="Punta Arenas">Punta Arenas</a> </td> <td>18 juin 2007 </td> <td>Harbin </td> <td>Zhang Xiaolian </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Thaïlande"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Thailand.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de la Thaïlande"><img alt="Drapeau de la Thaïlande" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/20px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/30px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/40px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Tha%C3%AFlande" title="Thaïlande">Thaïlande</a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chiang_Mai" title="Chiang Mai">Chiang Mai</a> </td> <td>28 avril 2008 </td> <td>Chiang Mai </td> <td>Wang Tieqiang </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="France"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_France_(1976%E2%80%932020).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de la France"><img alt="Drapeau de la France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_France_%281976%E2%80%932020%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_France_%281976%E2%80%932020%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_France_%281976%E2%80%932020%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_France_%281976%E2%80%932020%29.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Communaut%C3%A9_urbaine_d%27Arras" title="Communauté urbaine d'Arras">Communauté urbaine d'Arras</a> </td> <td>30 juin 2008 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arras" title="Arras">Arras</a> </td> <td>Zhang Xiaolian </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Autriche"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Austria.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de l'Autriche"><img alt="Drapeau de l'Autriche" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/20px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/40px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Autriche" title="Autriche">Autriche</a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wiener_Neustadt" title="Wiener Neustadt">Wiener Neustadt</a> </td> <td>1 juillet 2008 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wiener_Neustadt" title="Wiener Neustadt">Wiener Neustadt</a> </td> <td>Zhang Xiaolian </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Allemagne"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Germany.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de l'Allemagne"><img alt="Drapeau de l'Allemagne" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/20px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/40px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Allemagne" title="Allemagne">Allemagne</a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Magdebourg" title="Magdebourg">Magdebourg</a> </td> <td>2 juillet 2008 </td> <td>Magdebourg </td> <td>Zhang Xiaolian </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Russie"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Russia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de la Russie"><img alt="Drapeau de la Russie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russie" title="Russie">Russie</a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Krasnodar" title="Krasnodar">Krasnodar</a> </td> <td>28 juillet 2008 </td> <td>Harbin </td> <td>Zhang Xiaolian </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Royaume uni"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_(3-5).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau du Royaume-Uni"><img alt="Drapeau du Royaume-Uni" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Royaume-Uni" title="Royaume-Uni">Royaume-Uni</a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sunderland" title="Sunderland">Sunderland</a> </td> <td>19 mai 2009 </td> <td>Harbin </td> <td>Zhang Xiaolian </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Turquie"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Turkey.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de la Turquie"><img alt="Drapeau de la Turquie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/20px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/30px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/40px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Turquie" title="Turquie">Turquie</a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Erzurum" title="Erzurum">Erzurum</a> </td> <td>2 avril 2010 </td> <td>Erzurum </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Grece"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Greece.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de la Grèce"><img alt="Drapeau de la Grèce" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/20px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/40px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A8ce" title="Grèce">Grèce</a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chal%C3%A1ndri" title="Chalándri">Chalandri</a> </td> <td>15 juin 2010 </td> <td>Harbin </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="États unis"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau des États-Unis"><img alt="Drapeau des États-Unis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tats-Unis" title="États-Unis">États-Unis</a></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Comt%C3%A9_de_Fairfax" title="Comté de Fairfax">Comté de Fairfax</a> </td> <td>15 juin 2010 </td> <td>Harbin </td> <td>Zhang Xiaolian </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Russie"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Russia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de la Russie"><img alt="Drapeau de la Russie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russie" title="Russie">Russie</a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tcheliabinsk" title="Tcheliabinsk">Tcheliabinsk</a> </td> <td>2012 </td> <td>Harbin </td> <td>Song Xibin </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Bielorussie"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Belarus.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de la Biélorussie"><img alt="Drapeau de la Biélorussie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/20px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/40px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bi%C3%A9lorussie" title="Biélorussie">Biélorussie</a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vitebsk" title="Vitebsk">Vitebsk</a> </td> <td>5 janvier 2012 </td> <td>Harbin </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Bielorussie"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Belarus.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de la Biélorussie"><img alt="Drapeau de la Biélorussie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/20px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/40px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bi%C3%A9lorussie" title="Biélorussie">Biélorussie</a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Homiel" title="Homiel">Homiel</a> </td> <td>19 août 2016 </td> <td>Harbin </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Russie"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Russia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de la Russie"><img alt="Drapeau de la Russie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russie" title="Russie">Russie</a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mourmansk" title="Mourmansk">Mourmansk</a> </td> <td>9 septembre 2016 </td> <td>Harbin </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Russie"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Russia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de la Russie"><img alt="Drapeau de la Russie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russie" title="Russie">Russie</a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vladivostok" title="Vladivostok">Vladivostok</a> </td> <td>15 juin 2017 </td> <td>Harbin </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Lituanie"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Lithuania.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de la Lituanie"><img alt="Drapeau de la Lituanie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/20px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/40px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Lituanie" title="Lituanie">Lituanie</a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Roki%C5%A1kis" title="Rokiškis">Rokiškis</a> </td> <td>25 juin 2017 </td> <td>Harbin </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Serbie"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Serbia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de la Serbie"><img alt="Drapeau de la Serbie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Serbie" title="Serbie">Serbie</a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/U%C5%BEice" title="Užice">Užice</a> </td> <td>30 novembre 2018 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Économie"><span id=".C3.89conomie"></span>Économie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harbin&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifier la section : Économie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harbin&action=edit&section=7" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Économie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Ice_Snow_World_Harbin_Beer.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Ice_Snow_World_Harbin_Beer.JPG/250px-Ice_Snow_World_Harbin_Beer.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Ice_Snow_World_Harbin_Beer.JPG/330px-Ice_Snow_World_Harbin_Beer.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Ice_Snow_World_Harbin_Beer.JPG/500px-Ice_Snow_World_Harbin_Beer.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3216" data-file-height="4288" /></a><figcaption>Bouteille de bière <i>Harbin</i> faite de glace au <a href="/wiki/Festival_de_sculptures_sur_glace_et_de_neige_de_Harbin" title="Festival de sculptures sur glace et de neige de Harbin">Festival de sculptures sur glace et de neige de Harbin</a></figcaption></figure> <p>En 2013, le <a href="/wiki/Produit_int%C3%A9rieur_brut" title="Produit intérieur brut">PIB</a> total a été de 501 milliards de <a href="/wiki/Yuan" title="Yuan">yuans</a> et le PIB par habitant de 49 565 yuans<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Harbin profite du <a href="/wiki/Tourisme" title="Tourisme">tourisme</a> en hiver grâce au <a href="/wiki/Festival_de_sculptures_sur_glace_et_de_neige_de_Harbin" title="Festival de sculptures sur glace et de neige de Harbin">Festival de sculptures sur glace et de neige de Harbin</a>. L'année du tourisme culturel France-Chine y est lancée en 2024. La <a href="/wiki/Brasserie" title="Brasserie">brasserie</a> <a href="/wiki/Harbin_(bi%C3%A8re)" title="Harbin (bière)">Harbin</a> est une des plus grandes de Chine. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harbin&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifier la section : Transport" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harbin&action=edit&section=8" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Transport"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transport_aérien"><span id="Transport_a.C3.A9rien"></span>Transport aérien</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harbin&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifier la section : Transport aérien" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harbin&action=edit&section=9" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Transport aérien"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L'<a href="/wiki/A%C3%A9roport_international_de_Harbin_Taiping" title="Aéroport international de Harbin Taiping">aéroport international de Harbin Taiping</a> (<span class="lang-zh" lang="zh">哈尔滨太平国际机场</span>) (<a href="/wiki/Code_IATA_des_a%C3%A9roports" title="Code IATA des aéroports">code IATA</a> : <b>HRB</b> • <a href="/wiki/Code_OACI_des_a%C3%A9roports" title="Code OACI des aéroports">code OACI</a> : <b>ZYHB</b>) est le principal aéroport de la ville-préfecture. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transport_ferré"><span id="Transport_ferr.C3.A9"></span>Transport ferré</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harbin&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifier la section : Transport ferré" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harbin&action=edit&section=10" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Transport ferré"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Harbin dispose 4 importantes gares ferroviaires (dont la <a href="/wiki/Gare_de_Harbin" title="Gare de Harbin">gare de Harbin</a>), desservies notamment par la <a href="/w/index.php?title=LGV_P%C3%A9kin_-_Harbin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LGV Pékin - Harbin (page inexistante)">LGV Pékin - Harbin</a>, première ligne à grande vitesse de zone à basse température. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transport_urbain">Transport urbain</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harbin&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modifier la section : Transport urbain" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harbin&action=edit&section=11" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Transport urbain"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tro_de_Harbin" title="Métro de Harbin">métro de Harbin</a> possède trois lignes qui desservent l'agglomération. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Enseignement">Enseignement</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harbin&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modifier la section : Enseignement" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harbin&action=edit&section=12" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Enseignement"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Université"><span id="Universit.C3.A9"></span>Université</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harbin&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Modifier la section : Université" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harbin&action=edit&section=13" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Université"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Institut_de_technologie_de_Harbin" title="Institut de technologie de Harbin">Institut de technologie de Harbin</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Autre_établissement"><span id="Autre_.C3.A9tablissement"></span>Autre établissement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harbin&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Modifier la section : Autre établissement" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harbin&action=edit&section=14" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Autre établissement"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservatoire_de_musique_de_Harbin" title="Conservatoire de musique de Harbin">Conservatoire de musique de Harbin</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climat">Climat</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harbin&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Modifier la section : Climat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harbin&action=edit&section=15" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Climat"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Harbin bénéficie d'un climat de type <a href="/wiki/Climat_continental" title="Climat continental">continental</a> avec influence de la mousson. Les hivers sont froids et très secs car des conditions anticycloniques règnent sur l'<a href="/wiki/Extr%C3%AAme-orient_russe" class="mw-redirect" title="Extrême-orient russe">Extrême-orient russe</a> et les régions périphériques. Bien que situé à la même latitude que la ville de <a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a>, en <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, les températures hivernales sont <a href="/wiki/Sib%C3%A9rie" title="Sibérie">sibériennes</a>. D'ailleurs tous les ans un festival de sculpture sur glace et de neige est organisé à Harbin. Les œuvres restent en place plus d'un mois. Les étés sont par contre chauds et pluvieux. Si on se réfère à la <a href="/wiki/Classification_de_Koppen" class="mw-redirect" title="Classification de Koppen">classification de Koppen</a>, le climat de Harbin est de type Dwa (climat tempéré froid avec hiver sec et été chaud). </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r223860875">.mw-parser-output .climat{text-align:center;background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff);color:var(--color-emphasized,#101418)}.mw-parser-output .climat-temp-p0,.mw-parser-output .climat-soleil-0{background-color:#FFFFC0}.mw-parser-output .climat-temp-p1,.mw-parser-output .climat-soleil-1{background-color:#FFFF80}.mw-parser-output .climat-temp-p2,.mw-parser-output .climat-soleil-2{background-color:#FFC040}.mw-parser-output .climat-temp-p3,.mw-parser-output .climat-soleil-3{background-color:#FF8000}.mw-parser-output .climat-temp-p4{background-color:#E23800}.mw-parser-output .climat-temp-p5{background-color:#AD0200;color:var(--color-inverted-fixed,#fff)}.mw-parser-output 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.diagramme-climat-legende-mini,.mw-parser-output .diagramme-climat-temp-mini{color:blue}.mw-parser-output .diagramme-climat-legende-precipit,.mw-parser-output .diagramme-climat-precipit-valeur{color:#6478FF}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .diagramme-climat-precipit{background:#b0c1f0}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .diagramme-climat-legende-maxi,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .diagramme-climat-temp-maxi{color:#fd7865}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .diagramme-climat-legende-mini,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .diagramme-climat-temp-mini{color:#6485d1}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .diagramme-climat-legende-precipit,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .diagramme-climat-precipit-valeur{color:#b0c1f0}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .diagramme-climat-precipit{background:#b0c1f0}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .diagramme-climat-legende-maxi,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .diagramme-climat-temp-maxi{color:#fd7865}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .diagramme-climat-legende-mini,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .diagramme-climat-temp-mini{color:#6485d1}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .diagramme-climat-legende-precipit,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .diagramme-climat-precipit-valeur{color:#b0c1f0}}</style><table class="wikitable sortable centre climat"> <caption>Relevé météorologique de Harbin (période 1961-1990)</caption> <tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="unsortable">Mois</th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable"><abbr title="janvier">jan.</abbr></th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable"><abbr title="février">fév.</abbr></th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable">mars</th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable">avril</th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable">mai</th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable">juin</th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable"><abbr title="juillet">jui.</abbr></th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable">août</th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable"><abbr title="septembre">sep.</abbr></th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable"><abbr title="octobre">oct.</abbr></th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable"><abbr title="novembre">nov.</abbr></th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable"><abbr title="décembre">déc.</abbr></th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable">année</th> </tr><tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;">Température minimale moyenne (<a href="/wiki/Degr%C3%A9_Celsius" title="Degré Celsius">°C</a>)</th> <td class="climat-temp-n2">−24,5</td> <td class="climat-temp-n2">−20,9</td> <td class="climat-temp-n0">−11</td> <td>−0,9</td> <td class="climat-temp-p0">7,3</td> <td class="climat-temp-p1">14,2</td> <td class="climat-temp-p1">17,9</td> <td class="climat-temp-p1">16,2</td> <td class="climat-temp-p0">8,5</td> <td>−0,7</td> <td class="climat-temp-n0">−12</td> <td class="climat-temp-n2">−21,2</td> <td><b>−2,3</b></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;">Température moyenne (°C)</th> <td class="climat-temp-n1">−19,2</td> <td class="climat-temp-n1">−14,8</td> <td>−4,5</td> <td class="climat-temp-p0">6,1</td> <td class="climat-temp-p1">14,4</td> <td class="climat-temp-p2">20,3</td> <td class="climat-temp-p2">22,8</td> <td class="climat-temp-p2">20,9</td> <td class="climat-temp-p1">14</td> <td>4,8</td> <td class="climat-temp-n0">−7,1</td> <td class="climat-temp-n1">−16,2</td> <td><b>3,5</b></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;">Température maximale moyenne (°C)</th> <td class="climat-temp-n1">−12,7</td> <td class="climat-temp-n0">−7,8</td> <td>2,3</td> <td class="climat-temp-p1">12,9</td> <td class="climat-temp-p2">21</td> <td class="climat-temp-p2">26,2</td> <td class="climat-temp-p3">27,8</td> <td class="climat-temp-p2">26,1</td> <td class="climat-temp-p2">20,1</td> <td class="climat-temp-p0">11,1</td> <td>−1,3</td> <td class="climat-temp-n0">−10,4</td> <td><b>9,6</b></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;">Précipitations (<a href="/wiki/Millim%C3%A8tre" title="Millimètre">mm</a>)</th> <td>1,3</td> <td>1,8</td> <td>4,7</td> <td>15,1</td> <td>30,5</td> <td class="climat-precip-0">64,2</td> <td class="climat-precip-1">137,5</td> <td class="climat-precip-0">94</td> <td>44,8</td> <td>19,2</td> <td>4,2</td> <td>2,6</td> <td><b>419,9</b></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;">Nombre de jours avec précipitations</th> <td>0,2</td> <td>0,5</td> <td>1,2</td> <td>2,6</td> <td>4,3</td> <td>7,3</td> <td>11,2</td> <td>8</td> <td>6,2</td> <td>3</td> <td>1,4</td> <td>0,7</td> </tr> </tbody></table><div style="margin-top: -1em; text-align:center; font-size:85%">Source : <b>Le climat à Harbin (en °C et mm, moyennes mensuelles)</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hko.gov.hk/wxinfo/climat/world/eng/asia/china/harbin_e.htm">Hong-Kong Observatory</a></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Subdivisions_administratives">Subdivisions administratives</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harbin&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Modifier la section : Subdivisions administratives" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harbin&action=edit&section=16" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Subdivisions administratives"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Saint_Sofia_Church.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Saint_Sofia_Church.jpg/250px-Saint_Sofia_Church.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Saint_Sofia_Church.jpg/330px-Saint_Sofia_Church.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Saint_Sofia_Church.jpg/340px-Saint_Sofia_Church.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="533" /></a><figcaption>Cathédrale Sainte-Sophie.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Harbinblue.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Harbinblue.jpg/260px-Harbinblue.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Harbinblue.jpg/390px-Harbinblue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fd/Harbinblue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="240" /></a><figcaption>Place Hongbo.</figcaption></figure> <p>La <a href="/wiki/Ville_sous-provinciale" title="Ville sous-provinciale">ville sous-provinciale</a> de Harbin exerce sa juridiction sur dix-huit subdivisions - huit <a href="/wiki/District_(Chine)" title="District (Chine)">districts</a>, trois <a href="/wiki/Ville-district" title="Ville-district">villes-districts</a> et sept <a href="/wiki/Xian_(subdivision_administrative)" title="Xian (subdivision administrative)"><i>xian</i></a> : </p> <ul><li>le district de <a href="/wiki/District_de_Daoli" title="District de Daoli">Daoli</a> - 道里区 <i>Dàolǐ Qū</i> ;</li> <li>le district de <a href="/wiki/District_de_Nangang_(Harbin)" title="District de Nangang (Harbin)">Nangang</a> - 南岗区 <i>Nángǎng Qū</i> ;</li> <li>le district de <a href="/wiki/District_de_Daowai" title="District de Daowai">Daowai</a> - 道外区 <i>Dàowài Qū</i> ;</li> <li>le district de <a href="/wiki/District_de_Xiangfang" title="District de Xiangfang">Xiangfang</a> - 香坊区 <i>Xiāngfáng Qū</i> ;</li> <li>le district de <a href="/wiki/District_de_Pingfang" title="District de Pingfang">Pingfang</a> - 平房区 <i>Píngfáng Qū</i> ;</li> <li>le district de <a href="/wiki/District_de_Songbei" title="District de Songbei">Songbei</a> - 松北区 <i>Sōngběi Qū</i> ;</li> <li>le district de <a href="/wiki/District_de_Hulan" title="District de Hulan">Hulan</a> - 呼兰区 <i>Hūlán Qū</i> ;</li> <li>le district d'<a href="/wiki/District_d%27Acheng" title="District d'Acheng">Acheng</a> - 阿城区 <i>Āchéng Qū</i> ;</li> <li>le district de <a href="/wiki/Shuangcheng" title="Shuangcheng">Shuangcheng</a> - 双城区 <i>Shuāngchéng Qū</i> ;</li> <li>la ville de <a href="/wiki/Shangzhi" title="Shangzhi">Shangzhi</a> - 尚志市 <i>Shàngzhì Shì</i> ;</li> <li>la ville de <a href="/wiki/Wuchang_(Heilongjiang)" title="Wuchang (Heilongjiang)">Wuchang</a> - 五常市 <i>Wǔcháng Shì</i> ;</li> <li>le <i>xian</i> de <a href="/wiki/Xian_de_Yilan_(Heilongjiang)" title="Xian de Yilan (Heilongjiang)">Yilan</a> - 依兰县 <i>Yīlán Xiàn</i> ;</li> <li>le <i>xian</i> de <a href="/wiki/Xian_de_Fangzheng" title="Xian de Fangzheng">Fangzheng</a> - 方正县 <i>Fāngzhèng Xiàn</i> ;</li> <li>le <i>xian</i> de <a href="/wiki/Xian_de_Bin_(Heilongjiang)" title="Xian de Bin (Heilongjiang)">Bin</a> - 宾县 <i>Bīn Xiàn</i> ;</li> <li>le <i>xian</i> de <a href="/wiki/Xian_de_Bayan" title="Xian de Bayan">Bayan</a> - 巴彦县 <i>Bāyàn Xiàn</i> ;</li> <li>le <i>xian</i> de <a href="/wiki/Xian_de_Mulan" title="Xian de Mulan">Mulan</a> - 木兰县 <i>Mùlán Xiàn</i> ;</li> <li>le <i>xian</i> de <a href="/wiki/Xian_de_Tonghe" title="Xian de Tonghe">Tonghe</a> - 通河县 <i>Tōnghé Xiàn</i> ;<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:%E3%83%8F%E3%83%AB%E3%83%93%E3%83%B3%E6%A5%B5%E6%A5%BD%E5%AF%BA%E7%8E%84%E9%96%A2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/%E3%83%8F%E3%83%AB%E3%83%93%E3%83%B3%E6%A5%B5%E6%A5%BD%E5%AF%BA%E7%8E%84%E9%96%A2.jpg/250px-%E3%83%8F%E3%83%AB%E3%83%93%E3%83%B3%E6%A5%B5%E6%A5%BD%E5%AF%BA%E7%8E%84%E9%96%A2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/%E3%83%8F%E3%83%AB%E3%83%93%E3%83%B3%E6%A5%B5%E6%A5%BD%E5%AF%BA%E7%8E%84%E9%96%A2.jpg/330px-%E3%83%8F%E3%83%AB%E3%83%93%E3%83%B3%E6%A5%B5%E6%A5%BD%E5%AF%BA%E7%8E%84%E9%96%A2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/%E3%83%8F%E3%83%AB%E3%83%93%E3%83%B3%E6%A5%B5%E6%A5%BD%E5%AF%BA%E7%8E%84%E9%96%A2.jpg/500px-%E3%83%8F%E3%83%AB%E3%83%93%E3%83%B3%E6%A5%B5%E6%A5%BD%E5%AF%BA%E7%8E%84%E9%96%A2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Entrée du temple du Paradis (<i>Jilesi</i>) près de la cathédrale Sainte-Sophie. Fondé en 1924 par le moine bouddhiste <a href="/wiki/Tanxu" title="Tanxu">Tanxu</a>.</figcaption></figure></li> <li>le <i>xian</i> de <a href="/wiki/Xian_de_Yanshou" title="Xian de Yanshou">Yanshou</a> - 延寿县 <i>Yánshòu Xiàn</i>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personnalités"><span id="Personnalit.C3.A9s"></span>Personnalités</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harbin&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Modifier la section : Personnalités" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harbin&action=edit&section=17" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Personnalités"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Kong_Linghui" title="Kong Linghui">Kong Linghui</a> (1975-), pongiste, double champion olympique. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harbin&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harbin&action=edit&section=18" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-CP_Chine-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CP_Chine_1-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-CP_Chine_1-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cpi.com.cn/cpi-eng/code/heilongjiang.asp">Codes postaux et téléphoniques du Heilongjiang</a>, <abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinatravel.com/china-travel-tools/china-zip-code/Heilongjiang-5.htm#search">China Zip Code/ Telephone Code, ChinaTravel</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2011">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doucety.wordpress.com/2011/02/01/des-nouvelles-du-nord/"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Des nouvelles du nord</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">totalement a l'est</span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2011-02-01" data-sort-value="2011-02-01"><abbr class="abbr" title="premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> février 2011</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2024-10-30" data-sort-value="2024-10-30">30 octobre 2024</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2013">« <cite style="font-style:normal">La mégalopole chinoise Harbin paralysée par la pollution de l'air</cite> », <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Monde" title="Le Monde">Le Monde</a></i>, AFP,‎ <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-10-21" data-sort-value="2013-10-21">21 octobre 2013</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/asie-pacifique/article/2013/10/21/la-megalopole-chinoise-harbin-paralysee-par-la-pollution-de-l-air_3499879_3216.html">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=La+m%C3%A9galopole+chinoise+Harbin+paralys%C3%A9e+par+la+pollution+de+l%27air&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.date=2013-10-21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AHarbin"></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <span class="ouvrage" id="2013">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/china/2013-10/21/c_132816417.htm"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Smog closes schools, highways in NE China</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">Xinhua</span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-10-21" data-sort-value="2013-10-21">21 octobre 2013</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-10-23" data-sort-value="2013-10-23">23 octobre 2013</time>)</small></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-china-24579101">Northern China smog closes schools and airport in Harbin</a>. BBC. 21 octobre 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : chinois">(zh)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.harbin.gov.cn/info/news/index/detail/369459.htm">2013年哈尔滨市国民经济和社会发展统计公报</a> (actualisation 04/2014)</span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harbin&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harbin&action=edit&section=19" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Voir aussi"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r194021218">.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>.titre{text-align:center;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li{list-style:none;margin:0.2em 0;text-indent:0;padding-left:24px;min-height:20px;text-align:left;display:block}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li>a{font-style:italic}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .autres-projets{float:none}}</style><div class="autres-projets boite-grise boite-a-droite noprint js-interprojets"> <p class="titre">Sur les autres projets Wikimedia :</p> <ul class="noarchive plainlinks"> <li class="commons"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Harbin?uselang=fr">Harbin</a>, sur <span class="project">Wikimedia Commons</span></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Harbin_dans_la_littérature"><span id="Harbin_dans_la_litt.C3.A9rature"></span>Harbin dans la littérature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harbin&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Modifier la section : Harbin dans la littérature" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harbin&action=edit&section=20" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Harbin dans la littérature"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Prose_du_Transsib%C3%A9rien_et_de_la_petite_Jehanne_de_France" title="La Prose du Transsibérien et de la petite Jehanne de France">La Prose du Transsibérien et de la petite Jehanne de France</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Blaise_Cendrars" title="Blaise Cendrars">Blaise Cendrars</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_Go%C3%BBt_de_l%27immortalit%C3%A9" title="Le Goût de l'immortalité">Le Goût de l'immortalité</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Dufour" title="Catherine Dufour">Catherine Dufour</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Joueuse_de_go" title="La Joueuse de go">La Joueuse de go</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Shan_Sa" title="Shan Sa">Shan Sa</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cruelle_est_la_terre_des_fronti%C3%A8res&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cruelle est la terre des frontières (page inexistante)">Cruelle est la terre des frontières</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Michel_Jan" title="Michel Jan">Michel Jan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Les_nuits_de_Sib%C3%A9rie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Les nuits de Sibérie (page inexistante)">Les nuits de Sibérie</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Kessel" title="Joseph Kessel">Joseph Kessel</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Les_cygnes_sauvages" class="mw-redirect" title="Les cygnes sauvages">Les cygnes sauvages</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Jung_Chang" title="Jung Chang">Jung Chang</a></li> <li><i>Wasurenagusa</i>, <a href="/wiki/Aki_Shimazaki" title="Aki Shimazaki">Aki Shimazaki</a></li> <li><i>Bonsoir, la rose</i>, <a href="/wiki/Chi_Zijian" title="Chi Zijian">Chi Zijian</a></li> <li><i>Neige et corbeaux</i>, Chi Zijian</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Articles_connexes">Articles connexes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harbin&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Modifier la section : Articles connexes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harbin&action=edit&section=21" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Articles connexes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Festival_de_sculptures_sur_glace_et_de_neige_de_Harbin" title="Festival de sculptures sur glace et de neige de Harbin">Festival de sculptures sur glace et de neige de Harbin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tour_du_dragon" title="Tour du dragon">Tour du dragon</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harbin&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harbin&action=edit&section=22" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Liens externes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <ul><li><cite class="ouvrage" id="site_officiel" style="font-style: normal;"><span class="wd_p856"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : chinois">(zh)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.harbin.gov.cn/">Site officiel</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42956?uselang=fr#P856" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span></cite></li> <li><span class="liste-horizontale noarchive"><span class="wd_identifiers">Ressource relative à la musique<span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42956?uselang=fr#identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span> : <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/5682473c-903d-44e7-9caa-79df1a970b76"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">MusicBrainz</span></a></li> </ul></span> </li> <li><div class="liste-horizontale"><span class="wd_identifiers">Notices dans des dictionnaires ou encyclopédies généralistes<span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42956?uselang=fr#identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span> : <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Harbin"><i>Britannica</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://denstoredanske.lex.dk//Harbin/"><i>Den Store Danske Encyklopædi</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/harbin_(Enciclopedia-Italiana)/"><i>Enciclopedia italiana</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/haslo/;3910038"><i>Internetowa encyklopedia PWN</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snl.no/Harbin"><i>Store norske leksikon</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/harbin"><i>Treccani</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/harbin/"><i>Universalis</i></a></li> </ul></div></li> <li><div class="liste-horizontale"><span class="wd_identifiers"><a href="/wiki/Autorit%C3%A9_(sciences_de_l%27information)" title="Autorité (sciences de l'information)">Notices d'autorité</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42956?uselang=fr#identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span> : <ul><li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://viaf.org/viaf/144255570">VIAF</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81062069">LCCN</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/4072316-1">GND</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00648212">Japon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9811718657105606">Pologne</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007564557205171">Israël</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36605112">Australie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0041812">Tchéquie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n81-062069">WorldCat</a></span></li> </ul></div></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tourismechine.free.fr/harbin/">Site amateur sur le tourisme et l'histoire de Harbin</a></li> <li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : chinois">(zh)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://map.vbgood.com/China_city_map_collection/harbin.htm">Plan de la ville de Harbin</a></li> <li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maps-of-china.net/city/harbinm.htm">Autre plan de la ville de Harbin</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-container" style="clear:both;"> <table class="navbox collapsible noprint autocollapse" style=""> <tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style=""><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left"><div class="noprint plainlinks nowrap tnavbar" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000);"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Harbin" title="Modèle:Palette Harbin"><abbr class="abbr" title="Voir ce modèle.">v</abbr></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Harbin&action=edit"><abbr class="abbr" title="Modifier ce modèle. Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.">m</abbr></a></div></div><div style="font-size:110%"><a href="/wiki/Administration_territoriale_de_la_R%C3%A9publique_populaire_de_Chine#Niveaux_districtal,_cantonal_et_communal" class="mw-redirect" title="Administration territoriale de la République populaire de Chine">Subdivisions de niveau district</a> de la préfecture de <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Harbin</a></div></th> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width: 22%; vertical-align: top; text-align: right"><a href="/wiki/District_(Chine)" title="District (Chine)">Districts</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/District_d%27Acheng" title="District d'Acheng">Acheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_de_Daoli" title="District de Daoli">Daoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_de_Daowai" title="District de Daowai">Daowai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_de_Hulan" title="District de Hulan">Hulan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_de_Nangang_(Harbin)" title="District de Nangang (Harbin)">Nangang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_de_Pingfang" title="District de Pingfang">Pingfang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_de_Songbei" title="District de Songbei">Songbei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_de_Xiangfang" title="District de Xiangfang">Xiangfang</a></li></ul> </div></td> <td class="navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:7px"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Location_of_Harbin_Prefecture_within_Heilongjiang_(China).png" class="mw-file-description" title="La préfecture de Harbin dans la province du Heilongjiang"><img alt="La préfecture de Harbin dans la province du Heilongjiang" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Location_of_Harbin_Prefecture_within_Heilongjiang_%28China%29.png/80px-Location_of_Harbin_Prefecture_within_Heilongjiang_%28China%29.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Location_of_Harbin_Prefecture_within_Heilongjiang_%28China%29.png/120px-Location_of_Harbin_Prefecture_within_Heilongjiang_%28China%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Location_of_Harbin_Prefecture_within_Heilongjiang_%28China%29.png/160px-Location_of_Harbin_Prefecture_within_Heilongjiang_%28China%29.png 2x" data-file-width="880" data-file-height="760" /></a><figcaption>La préfecture de Harbin dans la province du Heilongjiang</figcaption></figure></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width: 22%; vertical-align: top; text-align: right"><a href="/wiki/Ville-district" title="Ville-district">Villes-districts</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shangzhi" title="Shangzhi">Shangzhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuangcheng" title="Shuangcheng">Shuangcheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuchang_(Heilongjiang)" title="Wuchang (Heilongjiang)">Wuchang</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width: 22%; vertical-align: top; text-align: right"><a href="/wiki/Xian_(subdivision_de_la_RPC)" class="mw-redirect" title="Xian (subdivision de la RPC)"><i>Xian</i></a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xian_de_Bayan" title="Xian de Bayan">Bayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xian_de_Bin_(Heilongjiang)" title="Xian de Bin (Heilongjiang)">Bin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xian_de_Fangzheng" title="Xian de Fangzheng">Fangzheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xian_de_Mulan" title="Xian de Mulan">Mulan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xian_de_Tonghe" title="Xian de Tonghe">Tonghe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xian_de_Yanshou" title="Xian de Yanshou">Yanshou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xian_de_Yilan_(Heilongjiang)" title="Xian de Yilan (Heilongjiang)">Yilan</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-banner" style="background: #DDDDFF; vertical-align: top;" colspan="3"><b>Subdivisions de niveau district de la province : <a href="/wiki/Liste_des_subdivisions_administratives_du_Heilongjiang" title="Liste des subdivisions administratives du Heilongjiang">Liste des subdivisions administratives du Heilongjiang</a></b></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="navbox collapsible noprint autocollapse" style=""> <tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style=""><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left"><div class="noprint plainlinks nowrap tnavbar" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000);"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Heilongjiang" title="Modèle:Palette Heilongjiang"><abbr class="abbr" title="Voir ce modèle.">v</abbr></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Heilongjiang&action=edit"><abbr class="abbr" title="Modifier ce modèle. Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.">m</abbr></a></div></div><div style="font-size:110%"><a href="/wiki/Administration_territoriale_de_la_R%C3%A9publique_populaire_de_Chine#Niveau_préfectoral" class="mw-redirect" title="Administration territoriale de la République populaire de Chine">Subdivisions de niveau préfecture</a> du <a href="/wiki/Heilongjiang" title="Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</a></div></th> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width: 22%; vertical-align: top; text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Ville_sous-provinciale" title="Ville sous-provinciale">Ville sous-provinciale</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Harbin</a></td> <td class="navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:7px"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Map_of_PRC_Heilongjiang.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Le Heilongjiang en Chine"><img alt="Le Heilongjiang en Chine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Map_of_PRC_Heilongjiang.svg/80px-Map_of_PRC_Heilongjiang.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Map_of_PRC_Heilongjiang.svg/120px-Map_of_PRC_Heilongjiang.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Map_of_PRC_Heilongjiang.svg/160px-Map_of_PRC_Heilongjiang.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1162" data-file-height="979" /></a><figcaption>Le Heilongjiang en Chine</figcaption></figure></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width: 22%; vertical-align: top; text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Ville-pr%C3%A9fecture" title="Ville-préfecture">Villes-préfectures</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daqing" title="Daqing">Daqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hegang" title="Hegang">Hegang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heihe" title="Heihe">Heihe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiamusi" title="Jiamusi">Jiamusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jixi" title="Jixi">Jixi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudanjiang" title="Mudanjiang">Mudanjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiqihar" title="Qiqihar">Qiqihar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qitaihe" title="Qitaihe">Qitaihe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuangyashan" title="Shuangyashan">Shuangyashan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suihua" title="Suihua">Suihua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yichun_(Heilongjiang)" title="Yichun (Heilongjiang)">Yichun</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width: 22%; vertical-align: top; text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A9fecture_(Chine)" title="Préfecture (Chine)">Préfecture</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;;"><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A9fecture_de_Daxing%27anling" title="Préfecture de Daxing'anling">Daxing'anling</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-banner" style="background: #DDDDFF; vertical-align: top;" colspan="3"><b>Subdivisions de niveau district : <a href="/wiki/Liste_des_subdivisions_administratives_du_Heilongjiang" title="Liste des subdivisions administratives du Heilongjiang">Liste des subdivisions administratives du Heilongjiang</a></b></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:R%C3%A9publique_populaire_de_Chine" title="Portail de la Chine"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/36px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="36" height="24" class="mw-file-element" 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