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href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:Katk%C4%B1lar%C4%B1m" title="Bu IP adresinden yapılmış değişiklikler listesi [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Katkılar</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:MesajSayfam" title="Bu IP adresindeki düzenlemeler hakkında tartışma [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Mesaj</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="İçindekiler" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">İçindekiler</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">kenar çubuğuna taşı</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">gizle</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Giriş</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Terimler" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Terimler"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Terimler</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Terimler-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tarihçe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tarihçe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Tarihçe</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tarihçe-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Tarihçe alt bölümünü aç/kapa</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Tarihçe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-EC_Comics_Dönemi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#EC_Comics_Dönemi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>EC Comics Dönemi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-EC_Comics_Dönemi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marvel_Dönemi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marvel_Dönemi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Marvel Dönemi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marvel_Dönemi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_Zamanlar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_Zamanlar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Modern Zamanlar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_Zamanlar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kaynakça" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kaynakça"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Kaynakça</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kaynakça-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dış_bağlantılar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dış_bağlantılar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Dış bağlantılar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dış_bağlantılar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="İçindekiler" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="İçindekiler tablosunu değiştir" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">İçindekiler tablosunu değiştir</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Çizgi roman</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Başka bir dildeki sayfaya gidin. 134 dilde mevcut" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-134" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">134 dil</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="seçkin madde"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strokiesverhaal" title="Strokiesverhaal - Afrikaanca" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Strokiesverhaal" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comic" title="Comic - İsviçre Almancası" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Comic" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="İsviçre Almancası" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3mic" title="Cómic - Aragonca" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Cómic" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="कॉमिक्स - Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="कॉमिक्स" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B5%D8%B5_%D9%85%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9" title="قصص مصورة - Arapça" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قصص مصورة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arapça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B3" title="كوميكس - Mısır Arapçası" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كوميكس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Mısır Arapçası" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%A6%9B" title="কমিক্‌ছ - Assamca" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="কমিক্‌ছ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3mic" title="Cómic - Asturyasça" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Cómic" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturyasça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komiks" title="Komiks - Azerbaycan dili" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Komiks" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaycan dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="کومیک - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کومیک" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Комикс - Başkırtça" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Комикс" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Başkırtça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuom%C4%97ks%C4%81" title="Kuomėksā - Samogitçe" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Kuomėksā" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Комікс - Belarusça" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Комікс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Комікс - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Комікс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Комикс - Bulgarca" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Комикс" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumik" title="Kumik - Banjar Dili" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Kumik" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar Dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B8" title="কমিকস - Bengalce" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কমিকস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengalce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banno%C3%B9-treset" title="Bannoù-treset - Bretonca" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bannoù-treset" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strip" title="Strip - Boşnakça" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Strip" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Boşnakça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A8%80%E1%A8%9A%E1%A8%86%E1%A8%97%E1%A8%80%E1%A8%9B" title="ᨀᨚᨆᨗᨀᨛ - Bugis" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="ᨀᨚᨆᨗᨀᨛ" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="Bugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Ugi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B2mic" title="Còmic - Katalanca" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Còmic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A2ng-u%C3%A2" title="Mâng-uâ - Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Mâng-uâ" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="کۆمیک - Orta Kürtçe" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کۆمیک" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Orta Kürtçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Figuretta" title="Figuretta - Korsikaca" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Figuretta" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Korsikaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komiks" title="Komiks - Kırım Tatarcası" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Komiks" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Kırım Tatarcası" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komiks" title="Komiks - Çekçe" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Komiks" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Çekçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comic" title="Comic - Galce" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Comic" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Galce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tegneserie" title="Tegneserie - Danca" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tegneserie" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="kaliteli madde"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comic" title="Comic - Almanca" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Comic" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Almanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%8C%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%82" title="Κόμικς - Yunanca" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κόμικς" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="kaliteli madde"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comics" title="Comics - İngilizce" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Comics" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="İngilizce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="kaliteli madde"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bildliteraturo" title="Bildliteraturo - Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Bildliteraturo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historieta" title="Historieta - İspanyolca" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Historieta" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="İspanyolca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koomiks" title="Koomiks - Estonca" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Koomiks" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komiki" title="Komiki - Baskça" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Komiki" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="کمیک - Farsça" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کمیک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Farsça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarjakuva" title="Sarjakuva - Fince" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sarjakuva" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fince" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teknir%C3%B8%C3%B0" title="Teknirøð - Faroe dili" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Teknirøð" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroe dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bande_dessin%C3%A9e" title="Bande dessinée - Fransızca" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bande dessinée" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Fransızca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benda-d%C3%A8ssin%C3%A2" title="Benda-dèssinâ - Arpitanca" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Benda-dèssinâ" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilet%C3%A4%C3%A4le" title="Biletääle - Kuzey Frizce" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Biletääle" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Kuzey Frizce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fumut" title="Fumut - Friuli dili" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Fumut" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friuli dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tekenteltsje" title="Tekenteltsje - Batı Frizcesi" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Tekenteltsje" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Batı Frizcesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greann%C3%A1in" title="Greannáin - İrlandaca" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Greannáin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="İrlandaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%AA%A8%E5%AD%90%E9%A0%AD%E7%95%AB" title="人骨子頭畫 - Gan Çincesi" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="人骨子頭畫" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan Çincesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bann_desin%C3%A9" title="Bann desiné - Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Bann desiné" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A0ipear-%C3%A8ibhinn" title="Pàipear-èibhinn - İskoç Gaelcesi" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Pàipear-èibhinn" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="İskoç Gaelcesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banda_dese%C3%B1ada" title="Banda deseñada - Galiçyaca" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Banda deseñada" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galiçyaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="seçkin madde"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caslys-skeeal" title="Caslys-skeeal - Man dili" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Caslys-skeeal" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Man dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ban_dariya" title="Ban dariya - Hausa dili" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Ban dariya" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man-fa" title="Man-fa - Hakka Çincesi" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Man-fa" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Çincesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%A1" title="קומיקס - İbranice" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קומיקס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="İbranice" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="कॉमिक्स - Hintçe" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कॉमिक्स" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hintçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comics" title="Comics - Fiji Hintçesi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Comics" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hintçesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strip" title="Strip - Hırvatça" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Strip" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Hırvatça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A9preg%C3%A9ny" title="Képregény - Macarca" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Képregény" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Macarca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%B8%D5%B4%D5%AB%D6%84%D5%BD" title="Կոմիքս - Ermenice" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կոմիքս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Ermenice" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comic" title="Comic - İnterlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Comic" data-language-autonym="İnterlingua" data-language-local-name="İnterlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>İnterlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komik" title="Komik - Endonezce" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Komik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Endonezce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komiks" title="Komiks - Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Komiks" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desegnita_rakonto" title="Desegnita rakonto - Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Desegnita rakonto" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teiknimyndasaga" title="Teiknimyndasaga - İzlandaca" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Teiknimyndasaga" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="İzlandaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fumetto" title="Fumetto - İtalyanca" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Fumetto" data-language-autonym="İtaliano" data-language-local-name="İtalyanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>İtaliano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BC%AB%E7%94%BB" title="漫画 - Japonca" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="漫画" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamik" title="Kamik - Jamaika Patois Dili" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Kamik" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaika Patois Dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komik" title="Komik - Cava dili" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Komik" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Cava dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="კომიქსი - Gürcüce" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კომიქსი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Gürcüce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesfift_n_wunu%C9%A3en" title="Tesfift n wunuɣen - Kabiliyece" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tesfift n wunuɣen" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabiliyece" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Комикс - Kazakça" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Комикс" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%8C%ED%99%94" title="만화 - Korece" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="만화" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korece" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bondys_delinys" title="Bondys delinys - Kernevekçe" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Bondys delinys" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Kernevekçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Комикс - Kırgızca" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Комикс" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kırgızca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narratio_picta" title="Narratio picta - Latince" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Narratio picta" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latince" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comics" title="Comics - Lüksemburgca" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Comics" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Lüksemburgca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stripverhaol" title="Stripverhaol - Limburgca" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Stripverhaol" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komiksas" title="Komiksas - Litvanca" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Komiksas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litvanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komikss" title="Komikss - Letonca" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Komikss" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Комикс - Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Комикс" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BF" title="Стрип - Makedonca" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Стрип" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%A5" title="ചിത്രകഥ - Malayalam dili" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ചിത്രകഥ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Комикс - Moğolca" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Комикс" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Moğolca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komik" title="Komik - Malayca" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Komik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malayca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuontas_an_zenhicos" title="Cuontas an zenhicos - Miranda dili" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Cuontas an zenhicos" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Miranda dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comic" title="Comic - Aşağı Almanca" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Comic" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Aşağı Almanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="कमिक्स - Nepalce" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="कमिक्स" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="कमिक - Nevari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="कमिक" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Nevari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stripverhaal" title="Stripverhaal - Felemenkçe" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Stripverhaal" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Felemenkçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teikneserie" title="Teikneserie - Norveççe Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Teikneserie" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norveççe Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tegneserie" title="Tegneserie - Norveççe Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tegneserie" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norveççe Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sornette_en_portraits" title="Sornette en portraits - Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Sornette en portraits" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benda_dessenhada" title="Benda dessenhada - Oksitan dili" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Benda dessenhada" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Oksitan dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarjukoomiksu" title="Sarjukoomiksu - Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Sarjukoomiksu" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8" title="ਕੌਮਿਕਸ - Pencapça" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕੌਮਿਕਸ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Pencapça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bindes_%C3%A0_dessin" title="Bindes à dessin - Picard Dili" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Bindes à dessin" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard Dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komiks" title="Komiks - Lehçe" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Komiks" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Lehçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%85%DA%A9%D8%B3" title="کومکس - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کومکس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banda_desenhada" title="Banda desenhada - Portekizce" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Banda desenhada" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portekizce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siq%27isqa_rikchasapa_willakuy" title="Siq'isqa rikchasapa willakuy - Keçuva dili" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Siq'isqa rikchasapa willakuy" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Keçuva dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Band%C4%83_desenat%C4%83" title="Bandă desenată - Rumence" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Bandă desenată" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumence" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Комикс - Rusça" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Комикс" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fumetu" title="Fumetu - Sardunya dili" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Fumetu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardunya dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fumettu" title="Fumettu - Sicilyaca" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Fumettu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilyaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%DB%81_%D8%B1%D8%B3" title="ھاسيہ رس - Sindhi dili" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ھاسيہ رس" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strip" title="Strip - Sırp-Hırvat Dili" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Strip" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Sırp-Hırvat Dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comics" title="Comics - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Comics" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komiks" title="Komiks - Slovakça" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Komiks" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovakça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strip" title="Strip - Slovence" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Strip" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovence" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stripi" title="Stripi - Arnavutça" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Stripi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Arnavutça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BF" title="Стрип - Sırpça" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Стрип" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Sırpça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bieldet%C3%A4lster" title="Bieldetälster - Saterland Frizcesi" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Bieldetälster" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frizcesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komik" title="Komik - Sunda dili" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Komik" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sunda dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tecknad_serie" title="Tecknad serie - İsveççe" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tecknad serie" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="İsveççe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kibonzo" title="Kibonzo - Svahili dili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kibonzo" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Svahili dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%88" title="வரைகதை - Tamilce" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வரைகதை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamilce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%B2_%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%A5%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="బొమ్మల కథలు - Telugu dili" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="బొమ్మల కథలు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Комикс - Tacikçe" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Комикс" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tacikçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87" title="การ์ตูนช่อง - Tayca" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การ์ตูนช่อง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Tayca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komiks" title="Komiks - Tagalogca" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Komiks" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalogca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Комикс - Tatarca" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Комикс" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatarca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Комікс - Ukraynaca" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Комікс" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraynaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%85%DA%A9%D8%B3" title="کامکس - Urduca" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کامکس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urduca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komiks" title="Komiks - Özbekçe" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Komiks" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Özbekçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fumeto" title="Fumeto - Venedikçe" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Fumeto" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venedikçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komiks" title="Komiks - Veps dili" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Komiks" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truy%E1%BB%87n_tranh" title="Truyện tranh - Vietnamca" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Truyện tranh" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strip" title="Strip - Batı Flamanca" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Strip" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="Batı Flamanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binde_d%27_im%C3%A5djes" title="Binde d' imådjes - Valonca" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Binde d' imådjes" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Valonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komix" title="Komix - Varay" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Komix" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Varay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BC%AB%E7%94%BB" title="漫画 - Wu Çincesi" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="漫画" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Çincesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="კომიქსი - Megrelce" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კომიქსი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Megrelce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%A1" title="קאמיקס - Yidiş" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קאמיקס" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yidiş" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BC%AB%E7%94%BB" title="漫画 - Çince" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="漫画" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Çince" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ang-%C3%A1-%C5%8De" title="Ang-á-ōe - Min Nan Çincesi" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ang-á-ōe" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Min Nan Çincesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BC%AB%E7%95%AB" title="漫畫 - Kantonca" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="漫畫" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Little_Nemo_1906-08-19.jpg/280px-Little_Nemo_1906-08-19.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="366" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Little_Nemo_1906-08-19.jpg/420px-Little_Nemo_1906-08-19.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Little_Nemo_1906-08-19.jpg/560px-Little_Nemo_1906-08-19.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1764" data-file-height="2303" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Little_Nemo" title="Little Nemo">Little Nemo</a>, 1906</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Çizgi roman</b> veya <b>resimli roman</b>, çizgi ile hikâye anlatmak için birbirini takip eden panellerin (çerçevelenmiş resim) kullanıldığı bir sanat türü.<sup id="cite_ref-ÇizgiRomanOxford_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ÇizgiRomanOxford-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Farklı kültürlerin kendi tarzlarında çizgi romanları bulunur, örneğin, Japon tarzı ile çizilmiş olan çizgi romana <a href="/wiki/Manga_(%C3%A7izgi_roman)" title="Manga (çizgi roman)">manga</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-ÇizgiRomanOxford_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ÇizgiRomanOxford-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Frans%C4%B1z-Bel%C3%A7ika_%C3%A7izgi_roman%C4%B1" title="Fransız-Belçika çizgi romanı">Fransız-Belçika yapımı çizgi romanlara</a> <i>Bande dessinée</i> denir. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terimler">Terimler</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87izgi_roman&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Terimler" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87izgi_roman&action=edit&section=1" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Terimler"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Panel</b>: Hikâyenin gelişimini göstermek amacıyla sayfanın belli parçalara ayrılmasıyla oluşan, çerçevelenmiş bir kompozisyon birimi. </p><p><b>Balon</b>: Konuşma, düşünme metinlerini panel içine yerleştirmek için kullanılan görsel araç. </p><p><b>Ses efekti</b>: Sayfa yapısı içinde, hikâyedeki yansıma sesleri ifade etmek için yerleştirilen görsel araç. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tarihçe"><span id="Tarih.C3.A7e"></span>Tarihçe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87izgi_roman&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Tarihçe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87izgi_roman&action=edit&section=2" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Tarihçe"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bir yirminci yüzyıl sanatı olarak doğan,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> edebiyat ve resmin birleşiminden daha öteye giderek kendi kurgu, anlatım ve görsel biçimini yaratan anlatı sanatı. </p><p>Çizgi romanın ilk örneği olarak genellikle <a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Felton_Outcault&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Felton Outcault (sayfa mevcut değil)">Richard Felton Outcault</a>'un "<a href="/wiki/The_Yellow_Kid" title="The Yellow Kid">The Yellow Kid</a>" (1896) gazete bandı gösterilir. Daha önce yazılı basında yer alan bazı denemelerden Yellow Kid'i ayıran özelliği, devamlı bir karakter olarak bantta görülen küçük çocuk etrafında gelişen anlatıda ilk defa panel içine yerleştirilmiş yazıların yer almasıydı ki bunlar günümüzdeki konuşma balonlarının atasıydı. </p><p>Yirminci yüzyıl başlarında Amerika gazetelerine üretilen ve bu gazete rekabetinin önemli bir ögesi haline gelen çizgi-bantlar daha sonra dergi formatında toplanarak yeniden basılmaya ve dağıtılmaya başlandı. Bu çizgi roman dergiciliğinin başlangıcıydı. Zamanla gazete için üretilen stokların talebi karşılamaması sebebiyle dergiler için özgün üretim ve çizgi roman yayımcısı firmaların oluşumu tetiklenmiş oldu. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Super01.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/tr/thumb/1/1d/Super01.gif/220px-Super01.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="246" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/tr/1/1d/Super01.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="227" data-file-height="254" /></a><figcaption>Superman</figcaption></figure> <p><i>"Pulp"</i> ile birlikte 1930-1940'larda olağanüstü satış rakamlarına ulaşan çizgi roman <i><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCperman" class="mw-redirect" title="Süperman">Süperman</a></i> ile popüler kültüre önemli bir katkı da yapıyordu. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alex_Raymond&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alex Raymond (sayfa mevcut değil)">Alex Raymond</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hal_Foster" title="Hal Foster">Hal Foster</a> gibi olağanüstü sanatçılar, bu sanatın ilk başyapıtlarını oluşturdu. Aynı dönemde "<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Spirit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Spirit (sayfa mevcut değil)">The Spirit</a>" gazete bandıyla ünlenen <a href="/wiki/Will_Eisner" title="Will Eisner">Will Eisner</a>, uzun ve verimli yaşamında bu sanata ait kuramsal çalışmalar da yaptı. Sanatçının adını taşıyan yüksek prestijli <a href="/wiki/Eisner_%C3%96d%C3%BClleri" class="mw-redirect" title="Eisner Ödülleri">Eisner Ödülleri</a> her yıl Amerikan çizgi romanındaki başarılı çalışmalara verilmektedir.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Amazfn15.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/tr/thumb/5/59/Amazfn15.jpg/220px-Amazfn15.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="313" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/tr/5/59/Amazfn15.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="246" data-file-height="350" /></a><figcaption>Örümcek adam</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="EC_Comics_Dönemi"><span id="EC_Comics_D.C3.B6nemi"></span>EC Comics Dönemi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87izgi_roman&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: EC Comics Dönemi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87izgi_roman&action=edit&section=3" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: EC Comics Dönemi"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/II._D%C3%BCnya_Sava%C5%9F%C4%B1" title="II. Dünya Savaşı">II. Dünya Savaşı</a> sonrası <a href="/wiki/Amerika_Birle%C5%9Fik_Devletleri" title="Amerika Birleşik Devletleri">ABD</a>'de sektördeki en büyük paya sahip süper kahraman fantezi çizgi romanları popülerliklerini yitirdi. Onların yerine <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulp_edebiyat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pulp edebiyat (sayfa mevcut değil)">pulp edebiyatın</a> kullandığı yetişkin temalar (suç, gerilim, korku, bilimkurgu) etrafında EC Comics önderliğinde yeni bir akım başladı. Fakat bu akım da kaçınılmaz olarak tutucu çevrelerden şiddetli bir tepkiyle karşılaştı. Çocuklar için yapıldığı varsayılan bir yayın türünün suç ve korku ögeleri içermesi, dönemin paranoyak cadı avı psikolojisinin ekmeğine yağ sürmüştü. Senato soruşturmalarına dek varan bu süreç sonunda çizgi roman içeriklerine sert yasaklamalar getiren bir tür oto sansür mekanizması oluşturuldu. Bunun sonucunda bu tür çizgi romanlar ve türün önderi EC piyasadan silindi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marvel_Dönemi"><span id="Marvel_D.C3.B6nemi"></span>Marvel Dönemi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87izgi_roman&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Marvel Dönemi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87izgi_roman&action=edit&section=4" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Marvel Dönemi"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>60'ların başında küçük bir çizgi roman firması olan <a href="/wiki/Marvel_Comics" title="Marvel Comics">Marvel Comics</a> bir tür mucizenin beşiği oldu. Bu mucize, çoktan ölmüş ve bir daha dirilmeyeceği düşünülen süper kahraman çizgi romanlarının yeniden doğuşu ve küçük bir firmanın sektörün ana motoru hâline gelişiydi. Marvel'in yayın yönetmeni <a href="/wiki/Stan_Lee" title="Stan Lee">Stan Lee</a> (Stanley Lieber) bir çizgi roman dehası olan <a href="/wiki/Jack_Kirby" title="Jack Kirby">Jack Kirby</a>'nin firmasına gelişiyle daha öncekinden bambaşka bir süper kahraman evreni kurmaya girişti. Daha sonra <a href="/wiki/Steve_Ditko" title="Steve Ditko">Steve Ditko</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Billy_Everett&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Billy Everett (sayfa mevcut değil)">Billy Everett</a> gibi sanatçıların da kendi yaratıcılıklarını da katmalarıyla bu çıkış bir çığa dönüştü. Stan Lee, aksiyon bazlı maceralara dramatik "pembe dizi" ögeleri yerleştirerek, daha önce yarı tanrı edasında dolaşan süper kahramanları halkın arasına indirdi. Artık kozmik maceraların yanı sıra kira, trafik ya da aşk acısı gibi dertlerle de uğraşıyorlardı.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_Zamanlar">Modern Zamanlar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87izgi_roman&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Modern Zamanlar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87izgi_roman&action=edit&section=5" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Modern Zamanlar"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1980'li yıllarda <a href="/wiki/Alan_Moore" title="Alan Moore">Alan Moore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frank_Miller" title="Frank Miller">Frank Miller</a>, daha sonra 90'ların başında <a href="/wiki/Neil_Gaiman" title="Neil Gaiman">Neil Gaiman</a> gibi yaratıcılar Amerika cephesinde çizgi romanı yetişkinlere yakınlaştırdı. Son dönemin bu yetişkinlere yönelik, çoğunlukla pembe dizi formatında değil de kendi başlarına birer hikâye, hatta romana benzeyen eserleri İngilizce konuşulan ülkelerde "<i>graphic novel</i>" adıyla anılmış, yine bu dönemde Türkiye'ye de <a href="/wiki/Erg%C3%BCn_G%C3%BCnd%C3%BCz" title="Ergün Gündüz">Ergün Gündüz</a> tarafından <i>Joker</i> ve <i>Resimli Roman</i> dergileri vasıtasıyla getirilme amacı güdülmüşse de ne bu türün ne de <b>graphic novel<i>'ın karşılığı olarak teklif edilen </i></b><i>resimli roman'</i> teriminin Türkiye'de pek tutulduğu söylenemez. Avrupa'da ise başlangıcından beri daha saygın bir gözle bakılıyordu çizgi romana. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Jeriko4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/tr/thumb/4/4e/Jeriko4.jpg/220px-Jeriko4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="317" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/tr/thumb/4/4e/Jeriko4.jpg/330px-Jeriko4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/tr/4/4e/Jeriko4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="347" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>Türkiyede yayınlanan şekliyle: Jeriko</figcaption></figure> <p>Diğer önemli bir çizgi roman okulu olarak yirminci yüzyılın son döneminde bütün dünyayı saran Japon çizgi romanı <a href="/wiki/Manga_(%C3%A7izgi_roman)" title="Manga (çizgi roman)">Manga</a> ise, <a href="/wiki/Anime" title="Anime">animelerin</a> de (Japon animasyonlarının) desteğiyle piyasaları hareketlendirdi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kaynakça"><span id="Kaynak.C3.A7a"></span>Kaynakça</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87izgi_roman&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Kaynakça" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87izgi_roman&action=edit&section=6" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Kaynakça"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r32805677">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-count:2}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-count:3}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ÇizgiRomanOxford-1"><strong>^</strong> <a href="#cite_ref-ÇizgiRomanOxford_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ÇizgiRomanOxford_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Aldama, Frederick (2020). <i>The Oxford handbook of comic book studies</i>. New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/978-0190917944" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/978-0190917944">978-0190917944</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+handbook+of+comic+book+studies&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-0190917944&rft.aulast=Aldama&rft.aufirst=Frederick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%87izgi+roman" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141007034835/https://tr.ign.com/cizgi-roman/62838/blog/cizgi-roman-101-cizgi-roman-tarihi">"Çizgi Roman 101: Çizgi Roman Tarihi"</a>. Ign. 3 Temmuz 2021. 7 Ekim 2014 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tr.ign.com/cizgi-roman/62838/blog/cizgi-roman-101-cizgi-roman-tarihi">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">3 Temmuz</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%C3%87izgi+Roman+101%3A+%C3%87izgi+Roman+Tarihi&rft.pub=Ign&rft.date=2021-07-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftr.ign.com%2Fcizgi-roman%2F62838%2Fblog%2Fcizgi-roman-101-cizgi-roman-tarihi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%87izgi+roman" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141226071554/https://www.comic-con.org/awards/eisner-awards-current-info">"Eisner Awards Current Info"</a>. Comic-Con. 3 Temmuz 2021. 26 Aralık 2014 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.comic-con.org/awards/eisner-awards-current-info">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">3 Temmuz</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eisner+Awards+Current+Info&rft.pub=Comic-Con&rft.date=2021-07-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.comic-con.org%2Fawards%2Feisner-awards-current-info&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%87izgi+roman" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210103092411/https://www.webtekno.com/stan-lee-kimdir-h104240.html">"Stan Lee Kimdir, Hangi Marvel Karakterlerini Tasarladı?"</a>. Webtekno. 3 Temmuz 2021. 3 Ocak 2021 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webtekno.com/stan-lee-kimdir-h104240.html">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">3 Temmuz</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Stan+Lee+Kimdir%2C+Hangi+Marvel+Karakterlerini+Tasarlad%C4%B1%3F&rft.pub=Webtekno&rft.date=2021-07-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.webtekno.com%2Fstan-lee-kimdir-h104240.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%87izgi+roman" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dış_bağlantılar"><span id="D.C4.B1.C5.9F_ba.C4.9Flant.C4.B1lar"></span>Dış bağlantılar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87izgi_roman&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Dış bağlantılar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87izgi_roman&action=edit&section=7" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Dış bağlantılar"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130103071820/http://www.arkabahcecizgiroman.com/">ArkaBahçe</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bagu.com">BAGU Çizgi Roman</a>18 Ocak 2016 tarihinde <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> sitesinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160118074304/https://www.bagu.com/">arşivlendi</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130114010155/http://marmaracizgi.org/">Marmara Çizgi</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.seyfettinefendi.com">Seyfettin Efendi</a>14 Şubat 2020 tarihinde <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> sitesinde <a 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