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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Early years</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Middle_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middle_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Middle years</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middle_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Late_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Late_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Late years</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Late_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Boscovich's_demon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Boscovich's_demon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Boscovich's demon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Boscovich's_demon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Further works</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religious_views" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religious_views"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Religious views</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religious_views-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nationality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nationality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Nationality</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nationality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Works</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Roger Joseph Boscovich</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 45 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-45" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">45 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B4" title="روجر بوسكوفيتش – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="روجر بوسكوفيتش" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ru%C4%91er_Bo%C5%A1kovi%C4%87" title="Ruđer Bošković – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Ruđer Bošković" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%B1_%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%81_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%86" title="راجر جوزف بوسکویچ – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="راجر جوزف بوسکویچ" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BF_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Руджер Йосип Бошкович – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Руджер Йосип Бошкович" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ru%C4%91er_Bo%C5%A1kovi%C4%87" title="Ruđer Bošković – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ruđer Bošković" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ru%C4%91er_Josip_Bo%C5%A1kovi%C4%87" title="Ruđer Josip Bošković – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ruđer Josip Bošković" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ru%C4%91er_Bo%C5%A1kovi%C4%87" title="Ruđer Bošković – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ruđer Bošković" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudjer_Josip_Boscovich" title="Rudjer Josip Boscovich – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Rudjer Josip Boscovich" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugjer_Josip_Bo%C5%A1kovi%C4%87" title="Rugjer Josip Bošković – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Rugjer Josip Bošković" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ru%C4%91er_Bo%C5%A1kovi%C4%87" title="Ruđer Bošković – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ruđer Bošković" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ro%C4%9Dero_Jozefo_Bo%C5%9Dkovi%C4%89" title="Roĝero Jozefo Boŝkoviĉ – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Roĝero Jozefo Boŝkoviĉ" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ru%C4%91er_Josip_Bo%C5%A1kovi%C4%87" title="Ruđer Josip Bošković – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ruđer Josip Bošković" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%B1_%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%81_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%86" title="راجر جوزف بوسکویچ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="راجر جوزف بوسکویچ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Joseph_Boscovich" title="Roger Joseph Boscovich – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Roger Joseph Boscovich" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A3%A8%EC%A0%9C%EB%A5%B4_%EC%9A%94%EC%8B%9C%ED%94%84_%EB%B3%B4%EC%8A%88%EC%BD%94%EB%B9%84%EC%B9%98" title="루제르 요시프 보슈코비치 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="루제르 요시프 보슈코비치" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BB%D5%A5%D6%80_%D4%BB%D5%B8%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%BA_%D4%B2%D5%B8%D5%B7%D5%AF%D5%B8%D5%BE%D5%AB%D5%B9" title="Ռուջեր Իոսիպ Բոշկովիչ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռուջեր Իոսիպ Բոշկովիչ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ru%C4%91er_Bo%C5%A1kovi%C4%87" title="Ruđer Bošković – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ruđer Bošković" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ru%C4%91er_Bo%C5%A1kovi%C4%87" title="Ruđer Bošković – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ruđer Bošković" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruggero_Giuseppe_Boscovich" title="Ruggero Giuseppe Boscovich – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ruggero Giuseppe Boscovich" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%AF%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0_%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%9E_%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A8%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A9%E1%83%98" title="რუჯერ იოსიპ ბოშკოვიჩი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რუჯერ იოსიპ ბოშკოვიჩი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudjer_Josip_Boscovich" title="Rudjer Josip Boscovich – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Rudjer Josip Boscovich" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rogerius_Boscovicius" title="Rogerius Boscovicius – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Rogerius Boscovicius" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ru%C4%91er_Bo%C5%A1kovi%C4%87" title="Ruđer Bošković – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ruđer Bošković" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%93%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%9C" title="Руѓер Бошковиќ – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Руѓер Бошковиќ" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B4" title="روجر بوسكوفيتش – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="روجر بوسكوفيتش" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ru%C4%91er_Bo%C5%A1kovi%C4%87" title="Ruđer Bošković – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ruđer Bošković" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A7%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%83%A8%E3%82%B7%E3%83%97%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9C%E3%82%B9%E3%82%B3%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A3%E3%83%83%E3%83%81" title="ルジェル・ヨシプ・ボスコヴィッチ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ルジェル・ヨシプ・ボスコヴィッチ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruder_Josip_Boskovi%C4%87" title="Ruder Josip Bosković – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ruder Josip Bosković" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Joseph_Boscovich" title="Roger Joseph Boscovich – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Roger Joseph Boscovich" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ru%C4%91er_Josip_Bo%C5%A1kovi%C4%87" title="Ruđer Josip Bošković – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ruđer Josip Bošković" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ru%C4%91er_Bo%C5%A1kovi%C4%87" title="Ruđer Bošković – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ruđer Bošković" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudjer_Josip_Boscovich" title="Rudjer Josip Boscovich – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Rudjer Josip Boscovich" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87,_%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%98%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BF" title="Бошкович, Руджер Иосип – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бошкович, Руджер Иосип" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruggero_Giuseppe_Boscovich" title="Ruggero Giuseppe Boscovich – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Ruggero Giuseppe Boscovich" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Joseph_Boscovich" title="Roger Joseph Boscovich – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Roger Joseph Boscovich" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Joseph_Boscovich" title="Roger Joseph Boscovich – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Roger Joseph Boscovich" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudjer_Josip_Bo%C5%A1kovi%C4%87" title="Rudjer Josip Bošković – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Rudjer Josip Bošković" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ru%C4%91er_Josip_Bo%C5%A1kovi%C4%87" title="Ruđer Josip Bošković – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ruđer Josip Bošković" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%92%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%9B" title="Руђер Бошковић – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Руђер Бошковић" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ru%C4%91er_Bo%C5%A1kovi%C4%87" title="Ruđer Bošković – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ruđer Bošković" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ru%C4%91er_Josip_Bo%C5%A1kovi%C4%87" title="Ruđer Josip Bošković – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ruđer Josip Bošković" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ru%C4%91er_Josip_Bo%C5%A1kovi%C4%87" title="Ruđer Josip Bošković – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ruđer Josip Bošković" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a 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class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi" title="This article is semi-protected due to vandalism"><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_Boscovich&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Roger Boscovich">Roger Boscovich</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Croat-Italian physicist and writer (1711–1787)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Ruđer Bošković" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Ru%C4%91er_Bo%C5%A1kovi%C4%87_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Ruđer Bošković (disambiguation)">Ruđer Bošković (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Roger_Joseph_Boscovich" title="Special:EditPage/Roger Joseph Boscovich">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Roger+Joseph+Boscovich%22">"Roger Joseph Boscovich"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Roger+Joseph+Boscovich%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Roger+Joseph+Boscovich%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Roger+Joseph+Boscovich%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Roger+Joseph+Boscovich%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/The_Reverend" title="The Reverend">The Reverend</a></div><div class="fn">Roger Joseph Boscovich</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Jesus">SJ</a> <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">FRS</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Rudjer_Boskovic.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Rudjer_Boskovic.jpg/220px-Rudjer_Boskovic.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="261" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Rudjer_Boskovic.jpg/330px-Rudjer_Boskovic.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/Rudjer_Boskovic.jpg 2x" data-file-width="358" data-file-height="425" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Portrait by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Edge_Pine" title="Robert Edge Pine">Robert Edge Pine</a>, London, 1760.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Ruđer Josip Bošković</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1711-05-18</span>)</span>18 May 1711<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Dubrovnik" title="Dubrovnik">Dubrovnik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ragusa" title="Republic of Ragusa">Republic of Ragusa</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(present-day <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a>)</span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">13 February 1787<span style="display:none">(1787-02-13)</span> (aged 75)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Milan" title="Duchy of Milan">Duchy of Milan</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(present-day <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>)</span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Citizenship</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ragusa" title="Republic of Ragusa">Republic of Ragusa</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Collegio_Romano" class="mw-redirect" title="Collegio Romano">Collegio Romano</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">Precursor of the <a href="/wiki/Atomic_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Atomic theory">atomic theory</a><br />Founder of <a href="/wiki/Brera_Observatory" class="mw-redirect" title="Brera Observatory">Brera Observatory</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_A,_B,_C" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society A, B, C">ForMemRS</a> (1761)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Theology" title="Theology">Theology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Physics" title="Physics">physics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Astronomy" title="Astronomy">astronomy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">mathematics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Natural_philosophy" title="Natural philosophy">natural philosophy</a>, diplomacy, poetry</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Brera_Observatory" class="mw-redirect" title="Brera Observatory">Brera Observatory</a><br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_Pavia" title="University of Pavia">University of Pavia</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Roger Joseph Boscovich</b> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Jesus">SJ</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a>: <i lang="hr">Ruđer Josip Bošković</i>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="sh-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Serbo-Croatian" title="Help:IPA/Serbo-Croatian">[rûd͡ʑer<span class="wrap"> </span>jǒsip<span class="wrap"> </span>bôʃkoʋit͡ɕ]</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">Ruggiero Giuseppe Boscovich</i>;<sup id="cite_ref-edizionenazionaleboscovich2_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-edizionenazionaleboscovich2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Rogerius (Iosephus) Boscovicius</i>;<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 18 May 1711 – 13 February 1787) was a <a href="/wiki/Physicist" title="Physicist">physicist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Astronomer" title="Astronomer">astronomer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mathematician" title="Mathematician">mathematician</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philosopher" class="mw-redirect" title="Philosopher">philosopher</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diplomat" title="Diplomat">diplomat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poet" title="Poet">poet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Theologian" class="mw-redirect" title="Theologian">theologian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jesuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesuit">Jesuit</a> <a href="/wiki/Catholic_priest" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic priest">priest</a>, and a <a href="/wiki/Polymath" title="Polymath">polymath</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ragusa" title="Republic of Ragusa">Republic of Ragusa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Fairfield_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fairfield-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He studied and lived in Italy and France where he also published many of his works.<sup id="cite_ref-google2_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Boscovich produced a precursor of <a href="/wiki/Atomic_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Atomic theory">atomic theory</a> and made many contributions to <a href="/wiki/Astronomy" title="Astronomy">astronomy</a>, including the first geometric procedure for determining the <a href="/wiki/Equator" title="Equator">equator</a> of a rotating <a href="/wiki/Planet" title="Planet">planet</a> from three <a href="/wiki/Observation" title="Observation">observations</a> of a surface feature and for computing the <a href="/wiki/Orbit" title="Orbit">orbit</a> of a planet from three observations of its position. In 1753 he also discovered the absence of an atmosphere on the <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_years">Early years</h3></div> <p>Boscovich was born on 18 May 1711 in <a href="/wiki/Dubrovnik" title="Dubrovnik">Dubrovnik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ragusa" title="Republic of Ragusa">Republic of Ragusa</a>, to Paola Bettera (1674–1777), daughter of a local nobleman of <a href="/wiki/Dalmatian_Italians" title="Dalmatian Italians">Italian</a> origin, and <a href="/wiki/Nikola_Bo%C5%A1kovi%C4%87" title="Nikola Bošković">Nikola Bošković</a>, a Ragusan merchant. Boscovich's father was an ethnic <a href="/wiki/Croats" title="Croats">Croat</a> (some sources say <a href="/wiki/Serbs" title="Serbs">Serb</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was baptised on 26 May 1711 by Marinus Carolis, <i>curatus et sacristia</i>. The name Ruđer/Ruggiero may have been given to him because both his maternal great-grandfather, Agostino Bettera, and his mother's brother were called Ruggiero; his godfather was his uncle, Ruggiero Bettera. He was the seventh child of the family and the second youngest. His father was born in the village of <a href="/wiki/Orahov_Do" title="Orahov Do">Orahov Do</a> near <a href="/wiki/Ravno" class="mw-redirect" title="Ravno">Ravno</a>, at the time part of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Whyte-1961_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whyte-1961-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His uncle, Don Ilija Bošković, was killed by <a href="/wiki/Uskok" class="mw-redirect" title="Uskok">Uskok</a> bandits while celebrating Mass in 1692.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While his father, Nikola, had once been a prolific trader who traveled through the Ottoman Empire, Ruđer only knew him as a bedridden invalid; he died when his son was 10 years old. Boscovich's mother Paola, nicknamed "Pavica", was a member of a cultivated Italian merchant family established in Dubrovnik in the early 17th century, when her ancestor, Pietro Bettera, settled from <a href="/wiki/Bergamo" title="Bergamo">Bergamo</a> in northern Italy. She was described as a robust and active woman with a happy temperament who lived to 103.<sup id="cite_ref-google2_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Paola Bettera Bošković left nothing in writing but her sister wrote poetry in Italian. Ruđer's cousins and playmates, Antun Bošković and Franjo Bošković, grew up into good Latinists. His brothers and sisters were all older than himself, except his sister <a href="/wiki/Anica_Bo%C5%A1kovi%C4%87" title="Anica Bošković">Anica Bošković</a> (1714–1804), two years his junior. His eldest sister, Mare Bošković, nineteen years his senior, was the only member of the family to marry. His second sister, Marija Bošković, became a nun in the Ragusa Convent of St Catherine. His eldest brother, Božo Bošković (Boško, called <i>Natale</i> by Roger in private correspondence<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), thirteen years older, joined the service of the Ragusa Republic. Another brother, Bartolomej Bošković, born in 1700 and educated at the <a href="/wiki/Collegium_Ragusinum" title="Collegium Ragusinum">Jesuit school in Dubrovnik</a>, left home when Ruđer was 3 to become a scholar and a Jesuit priest in Rome. He also wrote verse in both Latin and "Illyrian" (the Renaissance era name for Serbo-Croatian), but eventually burnt some of his manuscripts out of a scrupulous modesty. Another brother, Ivan (Đivo) Bošković, became a Dominican in a sixteenth-century monastery in Dubrovnik, whose church Ruđer knew as a child with its rich treasures and paintings by Titian and Vasari, still there today. Another brother, Petar (Pero) Bošković, six years his senior, became a poet like his grandfather. He was schooled by the Jesuits, then served as an official of the Republic and made his reputation as a translator of Ovid, Corneille's Cid, and of Molière. A volume of his religious verse, <i>Hvale Duhovne</i>, was published in Venice in 1729. </p><p>At the age of 8 or 9, after acquiring the rudiments of reading and writing from Father Nicola Nicchei of the Church of St Nicholas, Ruđer was sent for schooling to the local <a href="/wiki/Jesuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesuit">Jesuit</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Collegium_Ragusinum" title="Collegium Ragusinum">Collegium Ragusinum</a></i>. During his early studies, Boscovich showed a distinct propensity for further intellectual development. He gained a reputation at school for having an easy memory and a quick, deep mind. </p><p>On 16 September 1725, Ruđer Bošković left Dubrovnik for Rome. He was in the care of two Jesuit priests who took him to the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Jesus">Society of Jesus</a>, famous for its education of youth and at that time having some 800 establishments and 200,000 pupils under its care throughout the world. We learn nothing from Bošković himself until the time he entered the novitiate in 1731, but it was the usual practice for novices to spend the first two years not in the <a href="/wiki/Collegium_Romanum" class="mw-redirect" title="Collegium Romanum">Collegium Romanum</a> but in <a href="/wiki/Sant%27Andrea_delle_Fratte" title="Sant'Andrea delle Fratte">Sant'Andrea delle Fratte</a>. There, he studied <a href="/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">mathematics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Physics" title="Physics">physics</a>; and so quick was his progress in these sciences that in 1740 he was appointed professor of mathematics in the college.<sup id="cite_ref-Whyte-1961_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whyte-1961-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was especially appropriate for this post due to his acquaintance with recent advances in science, and his skill in a classical severity of demonstration, acquired by a thorough study of the works of the Greek geometers. Several years before this appointment he had made a name for himself with a solution of the problem of finding the <a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a>'s equator and determining the period of its rotation by observation of the spots on its surface. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Middle_years">Middle years</h3></div> <p>Notwithstanding the arduous duties of his professorship, he found time for investigation in various fields of physical science, and he published a very large number of dissertations, some of them of considerable length. Among the subjects were the <a href="/wiki/Transit_of_Mercury" title="Transit of Mercury">transit of Mercury</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Aurora_Borealis" class="mw-redirect" title="Aurora Borealis">Aurora Borealis</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Figure_of_the_Earth" title="Figure of the Earth">figure of the Earth</a>, the observation of the <a href="/wiki/Fixed_stars" title="Fixed stars">fixed stars</a>, the inequalities in terrestrial <a href="/wiki/Gravitation" class="mw-redirect" title="Gravitation">gravitation</a>, the application of <a href="/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">mathematics</a> to the theory of the <a href="/wiki/Telescope" title="Telescope">telescope</a>, the limits of certainty in astronomical observations, the solid of greatest attraction, the <a href="/wiki/Cycloid" title="Cycloid">cycloid</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Logistic_curve" class="mw-redirect" title="Logistic curve">logistic curve</a>, the theory of <a href="/wiki/Comet" title="Comet">comets</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Tide" title="Tide">tides</a>, the law of <a href="/wiki/Continuous_function" title="Continuous function">continuity</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Double_refraction" class="mw-redirect" title="Double refraction">double refraction</a> <a href="/wiki/Micrometer_(device)" title="Micrometer (device)">micrometer</a>, and various problems of <a href="/wiki/Spherical_trigonometry" title="Spherical trigonometry">spherical trigonometry</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1742, he was consulted, with other men of science, by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XIV" title="Pope Benedict XIV">Pope Benedict XIV</a>, as to the best means of securing the stability of the dome of <a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="St. Peter's Basilica">St. Peter's</a>, Rome, in which a crack had been discovered. His suggestion of placing five concentric iron bands was adopted. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PjesmeBoscovic.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/PjesmeBoscovic.jpg/220px-PjesmeBoscovic.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="282" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/PjesmeBoscovic.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="263" data-file-height="337" /></a><figcaption>French translation of Bošković's <i>De solis ac lunae defectibus</i>.</figcaption></figure><p> In 1744, he was ordained to the Roman Catholic <a href="/wiki/Priesthood" class="mw-redirect" title="Priesthood">priesthood</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1745, Bošković published <i>De Viribus Vivis</i> in which he tried to find a middle way between <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Isaac Newton</a>'s gravitational theory and <a href="/wiki/Gottfried_Leibniz" class="mw-redirect" title="Gottfried Leibniz">Gottfried Leibniz</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Monadology" title="Monadology">metaphysical theory</a> of <a href="/wiki/Monad_(Greek_philosophy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Monad (Greek philosophy)">monad</a>-points. He developed a concept of "impenetrability" as a property of hard bodies which explained their behaviour in terms of <a href="/wiki/Force" title="Force">force</a> rather than <a href="/wiki/Matter" title="Matter">matter</a>. Stripping atoms of their matter, impenetrability is disassociated from hardness and then put in an arbitrary relationship to <a href="/wiki/Elasticity_(physics)" title="Elasticity (physics)">elasticity</a>. Impenetrability has a <a href="/wiki/Descartes" class="mw-redirect" title="Descartes">Cartesian</a> sense that more than one point cannot occupy the same location at once.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Arc_measurement"></span> Bošković visited his hometown only once, in 1747, never to return. He agreed to take part in the Portuguese expedition for the survey of <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Arc_measurement" title="Arc measurement">arc measurement</a> of a degree of <a href="/wiki/Latitude" title="Latitude">latitude</a> (<a href="/wiki/Meridian_arc" title="Meridian arc">meridian arc</a>), but was persuaded by the Pope to stay in Italy and to undertake a similar task there with <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Maire" title="Christopher Maire">Christopher Maire</a>, an English <a href="/wiki/Jesuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesuit">Jesuit</a> who measured an arc of two degrees between Rome and <a href="/wiki/Rimini" title="Rimini">Rimini</a>. The operation began at the end of 1750, and was completed in about two years. An account was published in 1755, under the name <i>De Litteraria expeditione per pontificiam ditionem ad dimetiendos duos meridiani gradus a PP. Maire et Boscovicli.</i> The value of this work was increased by a carefully prepared map of the <a href="/wiki/States_of_the_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="States of the Church">States of the Church</a>. A French translation appeared in 1770 which incorporated, as an appendix, some material first published in 1760 outlining an objective procedure for determining suitable values for the parameters of the fitted model from a greater number of observations. An unconstrained variant of this fitting procedure is now known as the L1-norm or <a href="/wiki/Least_absolute_deviations" title="Least absolute deviations">Least absolute deviations</a> procedure and serves as a robust alternative to the familiar L2-norm or Least Squares procedure. </p><p>A dispute arose between <a href="/wiki/Francis_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor">Francis</a> the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duke_of_Tuscany" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Duke of Tuscany">Grand Duke of Tuscany</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Lucca" title="Republic of Lucca">Republic of Lucca</a> with respect to the drainage of a lake. As an agent of Lucca, Bošković was sent, in 1757, to <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a> and succeeded in bringing about a satisfactory arrangement in the matter. Here he met <a href="/wiki/Karl_Scherffer" title="Karl Scherffer">Karl Scherffer</a> who became an influential promoter of the ideas of Bošković in Austria.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bosco-image-1-14.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Bosco-image-1-14.jpg/220px-Bosco-image-1-14.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Bosco-image-1-14.jpg/330px-Bosco-image-1-14.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Bosco-image-1-14.jpg/440px-Bosco-image-1-14.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1191" data-file-height="1440" /></a><figcaption>The first page of figures from <i>Theoria Philosophiæ Naturalis</i> from 1763. Figure 1 is the force curve which received so much attention from later natural philosophers such as <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Priestley" title="Joseph Priestley">Joseph Priestley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Humphry_Davy" title="Humphry Davy">Humphry Davy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Faraday" title="Michael Faraday">Michael Faraday</a>. The ordinate is force, with positive values being repulsive, and the abscissa is radial distance. Newton's gravitational attractive force is clearly seen at the far right of figure 1.</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a> in 1758, he published the first edition of his famous work, <i>Philosophiæ naturalis theoria redacta ad unicam legem virium in natura existentium</i> (<i>Theory of Natural philosophy derived to the single Law of forces which exist in Nature</i>), containing his <a href="/wiki/Atomic_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Atomic theory">atomic theory</a> and his theory of <a href="/wiki/Force" title="Force">forces</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-google3_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google3-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A second edition was published in 1763 in <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a> and a third again in Vienna in 1764. In 1922, it was published in London, and in 1966, in the United States. Another edition was published in <a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a> in 1974. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Boscovich-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Outside of a 1763 copy of Boscovich's "Theoria philosophiae naturalis, redacta ad unicam legem virium in natura existentium""><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Boscovich-2.jpg/68px-Boscovich-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="68" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Boscovich-2.jpg/102px-Boscovich-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Boscovich-2.jpg/136px-Boscovich-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3116" data-file-height="5485" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Outside of a 1763 copy of Boscovich's <i>"Theoria philosophiae naturalis, redacta ad unicam legem virium in natura existentium"</i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Boscovich-2_(3).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Opening page "Theoria philosophiae naturalis""><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Boscovich-2_%283%29.jpg/84px-Boscovich-2_%283%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="84" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Boscovich-2_%283%29.jpg/126px-Boscovich-2_%283%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Boscovich-2_%283%29.jpg/169px-Boscovich-2_%283%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3042" data-file-height="4324" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Opening page <i>"Theoria philosophiae naturalis"</i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Boscovich-2_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="First page of "Theoria philosophiae naturalis""><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Boscovich-2_%282%29.jpg/80px-Boscovich-2_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Boscovich-2_%282%29.jpg/120px-Boscovich-2_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Boscovich-2_%282%29.jpg/159px-Boscovich-2_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3243" data-file-height="4878" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">First page of <i>"Theoria philosophiae naturalis"</i></div> </li> </ul> <p>Another occasion to exercise his diplomatic ability soon arose. The <a href="/wiki/British_government" class="mw-redirect" title="British government">British government</a> suspected that <a href="/wiki/Warship" title="Warship">warships</a> had been fitted out in Dubrovnik for the service of <a href="/wiki/French_Navy" title="French Navy">France</a>, and that therefore the <a href="/wiki/Neutral_country" title="Neutral country">neutrality</a> of the republic had been violated. Bošković was selected to undertake an <a href="/wiki/Ambassador" title="Ambassador">ambassadorship</a> to <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> in 1760, to convince the British that nothing of the sort had occurred and provide proof of Ragusa's neutrality. This mission proved to be a complete success – a credit to him and a delight to his countrymen. During his stay in <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>, he was elected as a <a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">fellow of the Royal Society</a>. </p><p>In 1761, astronomers were preparing to observe the <a href="/wiki/Transit_of_Venus" title="Transit of Venus">transit of Venus</a> across the Sun. Under the influence of the Royal Society, Bošković decided to travel to <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>. He arrived late and then travelled to <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Poland</a> via <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moldavia" title="Moldavia">Moldavia</a> then proceeding to <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a> where he was elected as a member of <a href="/wiki/Russian_Academy_of_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Academy of Science">Russian Academy of Sciences</a>. Ill health compelled him soon to return to Italy. </p><p>Bošković visited <a href="/wiki/Ljubljana" title="Ljubljana">Laibach</a>, the capital of <a href="/wiki/Carniola" title="Carniola">Carniola</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Ljubljana,_Slovenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ljubljana, Slovenia">Ljubljana, Slovenia</a>), at least in 1757, 1758, and 1763, and made contact with the Jesuits and the Franciscan friars in the town. The Jesuits incorporated his teachings into their lectures at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Laibach_Jesuit_College&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laibach Jesuit College (page does not exist)">Laibach Jesuit College</a>. His physics became the foundation of physical lectures as well in other parts of the <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_monarchy" title="Habsburg monarchy">Habsburg monarchy</a>, and influenced the thought of, among others, <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Gruber" title="Gabriel Gruber">Gabriel Gruber</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jurij_Vega" title="Jurij Vega">Jurij Vega</a>, prominent physicists of the period. Both Vega and the Rationalist philosopher <a href="/wiki/Franz_Samuel_Karpe" title="Franz Samuel Karpe">Franz Samuel Karpe</a> educated their students in Vienna about the ideas of Bošković and in the spirit of his thought.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Late_years">Late years</h3></div> <p>In 1764, he was called to serve as the chair of mathematics at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pavia" title="University of Pavia">University of Pavia</a>, and for six years he held this post with the directorship of the <a href="/wiki/Observatory" title="Observatory">observatory</a> of <a href="/wiki/Brera_Astronomical_Observatory" title="Brera Astronomical Observatory">Brera</a> in Milan, That is where <a href="/wiki/Charles_Burney" title="Charles Burney">Charles Burney</a> met him; since Burney's Italian was not very good at that time, Boscovich obliged him speaking French. </p><p>He was invited by the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a> of London to undertake an expedition to California to observe the <a href="/wiki/Transit_of_Venus" title="Transit of Venus">transit of Venus</a> in 1769 again, but this was prevented by the recent decree of the Spanish government expelling Jesuits from its <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dominion_(Spain)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dominion (Spain) (page does not exist)">dominions</a>. Bošković had many enemies and he was driven to frequent changes of residence. About 1777, he returned to Milan, where he continued to teach and direct the Brera observatory. </p><p>Deprived of his post by the intrigues of his associates, he was about to retire to Dubrovnik when in 1773, the news of the suppression of his order in Italy reached him. Uncertainty led him to accept an invitation from the King of France to come to Paris where he was appointed director of <a href="/wiki/Optics" title="Optics">optics</a> for the navy, with a pension of 8,000 <i> <a href="/wiki/French_livre" title="French livre">livres</a></i> and a position was created for him. </p><p>He naturalised in France and stayed for ten years, but his position became irksome, and at length intolerable. He, however, continued to work in the pursuit of scientific knowledge and published many remarkable works. Among them was an elegant solution to the problem of determining the <a href="/wiki/Orbit" title="Orbit">orbit</a> of a <a href="/wiki/Comet" title="Comet">comet</a> from three observations, and works on <a href="/wiki/Micrometer_(device)" title="Micrometer (device)">micrometer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Achromatic_lens" title="Achromatic lens">achromatic</a> telescopes. </p><p>In 1782, Bošković was one of the founders of the <a href="/wiki/Accademia_nazionale_delle_scienze_detta_dei_XL" class="mw-redirect" title="Accademia nazionale delle scienze detta dei XL">Accademia nazionale delle scienze detta dei XL</a> (<i>National Association of the Sciences</i>), with the name of "Società Italiana" (<i>Italian Association</i>): this learned society gathered forty members representing the most important Italian scientists of the period.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1783, he returned to Italy and spent two years at <a href="/wiki/Bassano_del_Grappa" title="Bassano del Grappa">Bassano</a>, occupying himself with the publication of his <i>Opera pertinentia ad opticam et astronomiam, etc.</i>, published in 1785 in five volumes quarto. </p><p>After a visit of some months to the convent of <a href="/wiki/Vallombrosa" title="Vallombrosa">Vallombrosa</a>, he went to Brera in 1786 and resumed his work. At that time his health was failing, his reputation was on the wane, his works did not sell, and he gradually fell prey to illness and disappointment. He died in Milan and was buried in the church of St. Maria Podone. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Boscovich's_demon"><span id="Boscovich.27s_demon"></span>Boscovich's demon</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Boscovich_-_Philosophiae_naturalis_theoria_redacta_ad_unicam_legem_virium_in_natura_existentium,_1758_-_4699554.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Boscovich_-_Philosophiae_naturalis_theoria_redacta_ad_unicam_legem_virium_in_natura_existentium%2C_1758_-_4699554.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Boscovich_-_Philosophiae_naturalis_theoria_redacta_ad_unicam_legem_virium_in_natura_existentium%2C_1758_-_4699554.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Boscovich_-_Philosophiae_naturalis_theoria_redacta_ad_unicam_legem_virium_in_natura_existentium%2C_1758_-_4699554.tif/lossy-page1-330px-Boscovich_-_Philosophiae_naturalis_theoria_redacta_ad_unicam_legem_virium_in_natura_existentium%2C_1758_-_4699554.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Boscovich_-_Philosophiae_naturalis_theoria_redacta_ad_unicam_legem_virium_in_natura_existentium%2C_1758_-_4699554.tif/lossy-page1-440px-Boscovich_-_Philosophiae_naturalis_theoria_redacta_ad_unicam_legem_virium_in_natura_existentium%2C_1758_-_4699554.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2568" data-file-height="3168" /></a><figcaption><i>Philosophiae naturalis theoria</i> (1758)</figcaption></figure> <p>In philosophy and physics, <a href="/wiki/Laplace%27s_demon" title="Laplace's demon">Laplace's demon</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Thought_experiment" title="Thought experiment">thought experiment</a> supporting the concept of <a href="/wiki/Determinism" title="Determinism">determinism</a>. It suggests that if someone (the <a href="/wiki/Demon_(thought_experiment)" title="Demon (thought experiment)">Demon</a>) knew the precise location and momentum of every particle in the universe, he could in principle calculate the history and future of every particle. </p><p>While Laplace's version of determinism is based on general terms, Boscovich's uses physical terms, like position, <a href="/wiki/Velocity" title="Velocity">velocity</a>, direction and <a href="/wiki/Centre_of_mass" class="mw-redirect" title="Centre of mass">centre of mass</a>. Boscovich also (correctly) suggests that the continuity of <a href="/wiki/Force" title="Force">force</a> is a necessary assumption for determinism, and he presented it in strict mathematical form. In short, Boskovich's determinism is more physical, while Laplace's determinism is more metaphysical, placing it in harmony with <a href="/wiki/Leibniz" class="mw-redirect" title="Leibniz">Leibniz</a>'s metaphysics.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Knowing with complete accuracy both the location and velocity of a particle violates the <a href="/wiki/Uncertainty_principle" title="Uncertainty principle">uncertainty principle</a> of modern <a href="/wiki/Quantum_mechanics" title="Quantum mechanics">quantum mechanics</a>, so it is unclear if this is physically possible. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_works">Further works</h2></div> <p>In addition to the works already mentioned Bošković published course material he had prepared for his pupils in mathematics.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also published accounts of his travels from <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a> to <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in several expanded editions<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and translated into French.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bošković applied himself to practical engineering projects, including several discussions of architectural repair or stability, including repairs to St Peter's Dome,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the stability of the Duomo of Milan,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> repairs to the library of Cesarea di Vienna,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a report on the damage to sectors of Rome in June 1749 due to a whirlwind.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bošković was also consulted on civil works concerning ports and rivers: Ivica Martinovic<sup id="cite_ref-hydraulics_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hydraulics-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> has shown the extent to which Bošković applied himself to such works, and lists 13 major works: </p> <ul><li>assessment of damage to the timber jetties in the Fiumicino, the navigable branch of the River Tiber (1751);</li> <li>the Ozzeri project, spurred by a bitter controversy on the floods in the border area between Lucca and Tuscany (1756);</li> <li>plan for the drainage of the Pontine Marshes, including the evaluation of an earlier project by Manfredi and Bertaglia (1764);</li> <li>analysis of the causes of damage to the port of Rimini, accompanied by reparation measures (1764);</li> <li>assessment of the levees along the River Po (1764);</li> <li>scientific letter on the principles of hydrodynamics in Lecchi's Idrostatica (1765);</li> <li>report on the floods in the Perugia area (1766);</li> <li>official report on the damage to the port of Savona, the underlying causes and the possibilities of repair (1771);</li> <li>expert opinion referring to the River Tidone in the Piacenza area (1771);</li> <li>proposal for the renovation of the fountains in Perugia (1772);</li> <li>expert opinion on the mouth of the River Adige as compared with the proposals by Antonio Lorgna and Simun Stratik for the improvement of the river bed (1773);</li> <li>instructions for the establishment of a team responsible for the drainage of the Pontine Marshes (1774);</li> <li>comments on Ximenes's project for the Nuovo Ozzeri drainage channel in Lucca (1781).<sup id="cite_ref-hydraulics_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hydraulics-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Martinovic's paper<sup id="cite_ref-hydraulics_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hydraulics-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> includes an extensive annotated bibliography on such works. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religious_views">Religious views</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist" style="border-collapse:collapse;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-top-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/25px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/38px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/50px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="815" data-file-height="1105" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image" style="background-color:gold">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Catholic_Church_in_Croatia" title="Category:Catholic Church in Croatia">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background-color:gold"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Croatia" title="Catholic Church in Croatia">Catholic Church<br />in Croatia</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vi%C5%A1eslav_of_Croatia" title="Višeslav of Croatia"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Krstionica_Viseslav.PNG/150px-Krstionica_Viseslav.PNG" decoding="async" width="150" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Krstionica_Viseslav.PNG/225px-Krstionica_Viseslav.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Krstionica_Viseslav.PNG/300px-Krstionica_Viseslav.PNG 2x" data-file-width="677" data-file-height="521" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption"><a href="/wiki/Baptismal_font_of_Prince_Vi%C5%A1eslav" title="Baptismal font of Prince Višeslav">Baptistry of Višeslav</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:gold;background:gold;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Catholic_Church_in_Croatia" title="Category:Catholic Church in Croatia">History</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Croatia#History" title="Catholic Church in Croatia">History of the Catholic Church in Croatia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Croatia%E2%80%93Holy_See_relations#History" title="Croatia–Holy See relations">History of Croatia–Holy See relations</a><br /><i><b>Historical dioceses</b></i><br /><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Dubrovnik" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Dubrovnik">Diocese of Dubrovnik</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Ston" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Ston">Diocese of Ston</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Zadar" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Zadar">Archdiocese of Zadar</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Split-Makarska#History" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Split-Makarska">Archdiocese of Split</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_%C5%A0ibenik" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Šibenik">Diocese of Šibenik</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Nona" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of Nona">Diocese of Nin</a><br /><i><b>Historical people</b></i><br /><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nin" title="Gregory of Nin">Gregory of Nin</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Marco_Antonio_de_Dominis" title="Marco Antonio de Dominis">Markantun de Dominis</a><br /><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ruđer Josip Bošković</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Josip_Juraj_Strossmayer" title="Josip Juraj Strossmayer">Josip Juraj Strossmayer</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Anton_Mahni%C4%8D" title="Anton Mahnič">Anton Mahnič</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Franjo_%C5%A0eper" title="Franjo Šeper">Franjo Šeper</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Franjo_Kuhari%C4%87" title="Franjo Kuharić">Franjo Kuharić</a><br /><i><b>Historical sacral architecture</b></i><br /><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Cross,_Nin" title="Church of the Holy Cross, Nin">Church in Nin</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Holy_Salvation,_Cetina" title="Church of Holy Salvation, Cetina">Church in Cetina</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Church_of_St_Donatus" class="mw-redirect" title="Church of St Donatus">Church of St Donatus</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:gold;background:gold;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Catholic_Church_in_Croatia" title="Category:Catholic Church in Croatia">Organisation</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Conference_of_Croatia" title="Episcopal Conference of Croatia">Episcopal Conference of Croatia</a><br /><i><b>Dioceses</b></i> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_dioceses_in_Croatia" title="List of Catholic dioceses in Croatia">list</a>)<br /><i><b>Archdioceses</b></i><br /> <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Zagreb" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Zagreb">Zagreb</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Split-Makarska" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Split-Makarska">Split-Makarska</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Rijeka" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Rijeka">Rijeka</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_%C4%90akovo-Osijek" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Đakovo-Osijek">Đakovo-Osijek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Zadar" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Zadar">Zadar</a><br /> <i><b>Other</b></i><br /><a href="/wiki/Military_Ordinariate_of_Croatia" title="Military Ordinariate of Croatia">Military Ordinariate of Croatia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Nunciature_to_Croatia" title="Apostolic Nunciature to Croatia">Apostolic Nunciature</a> <br /><i><b>Schools</b></i><br /><a href="/wiki/Archdiocesan_Classical_Gymnasium_(Zagreb)" title="Archdiocesan Classical Gymnasium (Zagreb)">Archdiocesan Gymnasium Zagreb</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Croatian_College_of_St._Jerome" title="Pontifical Croatian College of St. Jerome">Pontifical Croatian College</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Catholic_University_of_Croatia" title="Catholic University of Croatia">Catholic University of Croatia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Faculty_of_Theology,_University_of_Zagreb" title="Catholic Faculty of Theology, University of Zagreb">Theology in Zagreb</a> <br /><i><b>Political</b></i><br /><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Catholic_movement" title="Croatian Catholic movement">Croatian Catholic movement</a><br /><i><b>Media</b></i><br /><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Catholic_Radio" title="Croatian Catholic Radio">Croatian Catholic Radio</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Informativna_katoli%C4%8Dka_agencija" title="Informativna katolička agencija">IKA</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Laudato_TV" title="Laudato TV">Laudato</a><br /></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:gold;background:gold;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Croatian_Roman_Catholic_clergy" title="Category:Croatian Roman Catholic clergy">Ordinaries</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"><i><b>Pope</b></i><br /><a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Francis</a><br /><i><b>Archbishops</b></i><br /><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dra%C5%BEen_Kutle%C5%A1a" title="Dražen Kutleša">Dražen Kutleša</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90uro_Hrani%C4%87" title="Đuro Hranić">Đuro Hranić</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Dev%C4%8Di%C4%87" title="Ivan Devčić">Ivan Devčić</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%BDelimir_Pulji%C4%87" title="Želimir Puljić">Želimir Puljić</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Milan_Zgrabli%C4%87" title="Milan Zgrablić">Milan Zgrablić</a></li></ul></div><br /><i><b>Bishops</b></i><br /><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Milan_Stipi%C4%87" title="Milan Stipić">Milan Stipić</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bo%C5%BEe_Rado%C5%A1" title="Bože Radoš">Bože Radoš</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vlado_Ko%C5%A1i%C4%87" title="Vlado Košić">Vlado Košić</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vjekoslav_Huzjak" title="Vjekoslav Huzjak">Vjekoslav Huzjak</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Antun_%C5%A0kvor%C4%8Devi%C4%87" title="Antun Škvorčević">Antun Škvorčević</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90uro_Ga%C5%A1parovi%C4%87" title="Đuro Gašparović">Đuro Gašparović</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Zdenko_Kri%C5%BEi%C4%87" title="Zdenko Križić">Zdenko Križić</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ivica_Petanjak" title="Ivica Petanjak">Ivica Petanjak</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_%C5%A0tironja" title="Ivan Štironja">Ivan Štironja</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Roko_Glasnovi%C4%87" title="Roko Glasnović">Roko Glasnović</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ranko_Vidovi%C4%87" title="Ranko Vidović">Ranko Vidović</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Rrok_Gjonlleshaj" title="Rrok Gjonlleshaj">Rrok Gjonlleshaj</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Tomislav_Rogi%C4%87" title="Tomislav Rogić">Tomislav Rogić</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jure_Bogdan" title="Jure Bogdan">Jure Bogdan</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:gold;background:gold;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Croatian_Roman_Catholic_saints" title="Category:Croatian Roman Catholic saints">Canonized people</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"><i><b>Saints</b></i><br />St. <a href="/wiki/Leopold_Mandi%C4%87" title="Leopold Mandić">Leopold Mandić</a><br />St. <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Tavelic" title="Nicholas Tavelic">Nicholas Tavelic</a><br />St. <a href="/wiki/Marko_Krizin" title="Marko Krizin">Marko Krizin</a><br /><i><b>Beatified</b></i><br />bl. <a href="/wiki/Aloysius_Stepinac" title="Aloysius Stepinac">Aloysius Stepinac</a><br />bl. <a href="/wiki/Marija_Petkovi%C4%87" title="Marija Petković">Marija Petković</a><br />bl. <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Merz" title="Ivan Merz">Ivan Merz</a><br />bl. <a href="/wiki/Augustin_Ka%C5%BEoti%C4%87" title="Augustin Kažotić">Augustin Kažotić</a><br />bl. <a href="/wiki/Miroslav_Bule%C5%A1i%C4%87" title="Miroslav Bulešić">Miroslav Bulešić</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:gold;background:gold;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina#Roman_Catholic" title="List of cathedrals in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Cathedrals</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Zagreb_Cathedral" title="Zagreb Cathedral">Zagreb</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%C4%90akovo_Cathedral" title="Đakovo Cathedral">Đakovo</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Saint_Domnius" title="Cathedral of Saint Domnius">Split</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ibenik_Cathedral" title="Šibenik Cathedral">Šibenik</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Zadar_Cathedral" title="Zadar Cathedral">Zadar</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Trogir_Cathedral" title="Trogir Cathedral">Trogir</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:gold;background:gold;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Roman_Catholic_churches_in_Croatia" title="Category:Roman Catholic churches in Croatia">Churches & shrines</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/St._Michael%27s_Church_(Zadar)" title="St. Michael's Church (Zadar)">St. Michael's Church</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Euphrasian_Basilica" title="Euphrasian Basilica">Euphrasian Basilica</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Saint_Chrysogonus,_Zadar" title="Church of Saint Chrysogonus, Zadar">Church of Saint Chrysogonus</a><br /><i><b>Shrines</b></i><br /><a href="/wiki/Marija_Bistrica" title="Marija Bistrica">Marija Bistrica</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Sinj" title="Our Lady of Sinj">Our Lady of Sinj</a><br /><a href="/wiki/National_Shrine_of_Saint_Joseph_(Karlovac)" title="National Shrine of Saint Joseph (Karlovac)">St. Joseph, Karlovac</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:gold;background:gold;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Catholic_Church_in_Croatia" title="Category:Catholic Church in Croatia">Orders</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"><i><b><a href="/wiki/Franciscans" title="Franciscans">Franciscans</a></b></i><br /><a href="/wiki/Franciscan_Province_of_the_Most_Holy_Redeemer" title="Franciscan Province of the Most Holy Redeemer">Province of the Most Holy Redeemer</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Franciscan_Province_of_St._Jerome" class="mw-redirect" title="Franciscan Province of St. Jerome">Province of St. Jerome</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Franciscan_Province_of_Saints_Cyril_and_Methodius" title="Croatian Franciscan Province of Saints Cyril and Methodius">Province of Saints Cyril and Methodius</a><br /><i><b><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Order" title="Dominican Order">Dominicans</a></b></i><br /><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Dominican_Province" title="Croatian Dominican Province">Croatian Dominican Province</a><br /><i><b><a href="/wiki/Carmelites" title="Carmelites">Carmelites</a></b></i><br /><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Carmelite_Province_of_Saint_Joseph_the_Father" title="Croatian Carmelite Province of Saint 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navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Catholic_Church_in_Croatia_sidebar" title="Template:Catholic Church in Croatia sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Catholic_Church_in_Croatia_sidebar" title="Template talk:Catholic Church in Croatia sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic_Church_in_Croatia_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic Church in Croatia sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Bošković was a Roman Catholic priest, and in expressing his religious views was straightforward. In his most famous book <i>A Theory of Natural Philosophy</i> (1758) he says: "Regarding the nature of the Divine Creator, my theory is extraordinarily illuminating, and the result from it is a necessity to recognize Him. ... Therefore vain dreams of those who believe that the world was created by accident, or that it could be built as a fatal necessity, or that it was there for eternity lining itself along his own necessary laws are completely eliminated."<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bošković also composed poetry with many religious and astronomical allusions. In his <a href="/wiki/Marian_devotion" class="mw-redirect" title="Marian devotion">Marian devotion</a>, he wrote <a href="/wiki/Hexameter" title="Hexameter">hexameter</a> verses on the <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Mary">Virgin Mary</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the same <a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="St. Peter's Basilica">dome of St. Peter in Rome</a>, whose cupola he saved from ruin, he worked as a confessor administering the <a href="/wiki/Sacrament_of_Penance" title="Sacrament of Penance">Sacrament of Penance or Reconciliation</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ru%C4%91er_Josip_Bo%C5%A1kovi%C4%87.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Ru%C4%91er_Josip_Bo%C5%A1kovi%C4%87.JPG/220px-Ru%C4%91er_Josip_Bo%C5%A1kovi%C4%87.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Ru%C4%91er_Josip_Bo%C5%A1kovi%C4%87.JPG/330px-Ru%C4%91er_Josip_Bo%C5%A1kovi%C4%87.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Ru%C4%91er_Josip_Bo%C5%A1kovi%C4%87.JPG/440px-Ru%C4%91er_Josip_Bo%C5%A1kovi%C4%87.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1224" data-file-height="1632" /></a><figcaption>Ruđer Bošković bust in front of the <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Academy_of_Sciences_and_Arts" title="Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts">Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts</a> building in <a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a>, <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1873, Nietzsche wrote a fragment called 'Time Atom Theory', which was a reworking of Boscovich's <i>Theoria Philosophiae Naturalis redacta ad unicam legem virium in natura existentium</i>. In general, Boscovich's ideas were a large influence on Nietzsche's ideas of force and the will to power.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-google4_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google4-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1930s, by <a href="/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg">Werner Heisenberg</a> nicknamed Boscovich <i>the Croatian Leibniz</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1935, a lunar crater – the <a href="/wiki/Boscovich_(crater)" title="Boscovich (crater)">Boscovich crater</a> – was named after him for his contributions to astronomy. The largest Croatian institute of natural sciences and technology, based in <a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a>, is called "<a href="/wiki/Ru%C4%91er_Bo%C5%A1kovi%C4%87_Institute" title="Ruđer Bošković Institute">Ruđer Bošković Institute</a>" since 1950. The oldest astronomical society in the Balkans based in <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>'s capital <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a> is called <a href="/wiki/Astronomical_Society_Ru%C4%91er_Bo%C5%A1kovi%C4%87" title="Astronomical Society Ruđer Bošković">Astronomical Society Ruđer Bošković</a> since 1953. </p><p>In 1987, on the occasion of the 200th anniversary of Boscovich death, the Yugoslav state Post based in <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a> made a postage stamp and postcard on which is written that Boskovich was "the greatest Croatian scientist of his time".<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2023, <a href="/wiki/Dubrovnik_Ru%C4%91er_Bo%C5%A1kovi%C4%87_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Dubrovnik Ruđer Bošković Airport">Dubrovnik Ruđer Bošković Airport</a> was renamed in Boscovich's honour,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the government of nearby <a href="/wiki/Trebinje" title="Trebinje">Trebinje</a> wanted to do the same for their prospective airport.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nationality">Nationality</h2></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Romantic_nationalism" title="Romantic nationalism">modern concept of nationality</a>, based on <a href="/wiki/Ethnic" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic">ethnic</a> concepts such as language, culture, religion, custom, etc., was developed only in the 19th century. For this reason the attribution of a definite "nationality" to personalities of the previous centuries, living in ethnically mixed regions, is often indeterminable; Bošković's legacy is consequently celebrated in Croatia, Italy and Serbia.<sup id="cite_ref-Whyte-1961_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whyte-1961-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His ethnicity is also part of the <a href="/wiki/Croatia%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" title="Croatia–Serbia relations">Serb-Croat distinctions</a> in self-identification of the <a href="/wiki/Western_Balkans" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Balkans">Western</a> <a href="/wiki/South_Slav" class="mw-redirect" title="South Slav">South Slavic</a> enlighteners, that was one of the major problems in 20th century <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A number of sources state that he referred to his Croatian identity.<sup id="cite_ref-Dadić_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dadić-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In writings to his sister Anica (Anna), he told her he had not forgotten the <a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian language</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Dadić_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dadić-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a letter to his brother from 1757, he describes the encounter with Croatian soldiers in <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a> and remarks at the end of the letter: "<span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Eviva Haddick e i nostri Croati!</i></span>" ("Long life to <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A1s_Hadik" title="András Hadik">Hadik</a> and to our Croats!").<sup id="cite_ref-mh_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mh-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While living in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> and attending to a military parade where he saw a <a href="/wiki/Croats_(military_unit)" title="Croats (military unit)">Croatian unit</a> from Ragusa, his words were: "there are my brave Croats".<sup id="cite_ref-Harris_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harris-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Italian sources claim that Boscovich was remembered as an Italian. According to Italian sources, he was born in a city with mixed cultures, Croatian and Italian, and the higher social strata of Dubrovnik were under Italian influence (Roman-Dalmatian influence). His mother's family came from Italy, and his life and career had strong Italian influences. He moved to Italy at age 14, where he spent most of his life. In some encyclopedias, he is described as an Italian scientist. He used the Italian language in private, including in correspondence with his brother Baro,<sup id="cite_ref-edizionenazionaleboscovich_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-edizionenazionaleboscovich-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire">Voltaire</a> wrote to Boscovich in Italian "as a sign of respect". </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Academy_of_Sciences_and_Arts" title="Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts">Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts</a> ranks him among <a href="/wiki/The_100_most_prominent_Serbs" title="The 100 most prominent Serbs">the 100 most prominent Serbs</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-serbia_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-serbia-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to one source, branches of the brotherhood are said to have settled the surroundings of <a href="/wiki/Stolac" title="Stolac">Stolac</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A number of sources claim that Boscovich is a Serbian scientist or state that he is of Serbian paternal origin.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Boscovich himself was proud of his <a href="/wiki/Dalmatia" title="Dalmatia">Dalmatian</a> identity. When <a href="/wiki/D%27Alembert" class="mw-redirect" title="D'Alembert">d'Alembert</a> in his <i>Opuscule mathématiques…</i> called him "an Italian mathematician",<sup id="cite_ref-google5_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google5-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he shot back that he was "a Dalmatian from Dubrovnik, and not an Italian".<sup id="cite_ref-Harris_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harris-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, he added that he had been living in Italy for a long time since his first youth, so "he can in some way be called Italian".<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2></div> <p>Boscovich published eight scientific dissertations prior to his 1744 ordination as a priest and appointment as a professor and another 14 afterwards. The following is a partial list of his publications:<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><i>De maculis solaribus</i> (1736) (On Sunspots)</li> <li><i>De maculis solaribus exercitatio astronomica</i> (1736) (An astronomical exercise on sunspots)</li> <li><i>De Mercurii novissimo infra Solem transitu</i> (1737) (On the most recent transit of Mercury across the Sun)</li> <li><i>Trigonometriae sphaericae constructio</i> (1737) (The construction of trigonometric spheres)</li> <li><i>De aurora boreali</i> (1738) (On the Aurora Borealis)</li> <li><i>De novo telescopii usu ad objecta coelestia determinanda</i> (1739) (On the new use of the telescope for determining celestial objects)</li> <li><i>De veterum argumentis pro telluris sphaericitate</i> (1739) (On the arguments of the ancients for the sphericity of the earth)</li> <li><i>Dissertatio de telluris figura</i> (1739) (A dissertation on the shape of the earth)</li> <li><i>De Circulis osculatoribus, Dissertatio</i> (1740) (A dissertation on intersections of circles)</li> <li><i>De motu corporum projectorum in spatio non-resistente</i> (1741) (On the motion of unresisting projected bodies in space)</li> <li><i>De inaequalitate gravitatis in diversis terrae locis</i> (1741) (On the inequality of gravity in diverse places on earth)</li> <li><i>De natura et usu infinitorum et infinite parvorum</i> (1741) (On the nature and use of infinites and infinitessimals)</li> <li><i>De annusi fixarum aberrationibus</i> (1742) (On the annual aberration fixed stars)</li> <li><i>De observationibus astronomicis et quo pertingat earundem certitudo</i> (1742) (On astronomical observations and the certitude which pertains to them)</li> <li><i>Disquisitio in universam astronomiam</i> (1742) (A disquisition on universal astronomy)</li> <li><i>Parere di tre Matematici sopra i danni che si sono trovati nella Cupola di S. Pietro</i> (1742) (On the opinion of three mathematicians concerning the damage to the dome of St Peter's)</li> <li><i>De motu corporis attracti in centrum immobile viribus decrescentibus in ratione distantiarum reciproca duplicata in spatiis non-resistentibus</i> (1743) (On the motion of attracted body at an immobile centre by forces decreasing by the duplicate reciprocal proportion in non-resisting spaces)</li> <li><i>Riflessioni de' Padri Tommaso Le Seur, Francesco Jacquier de el' Ordine de' Minimi, e Ruggiero Giuseppe Boscovich della Compagnia di Gesù Sopra alcune difficoltà spettanti i danni, e Risarcimenti della Cupola Di S. Pietro</i> (1743) (Reflections of Fathers Tommaso Le Seur, Francis Jacquier of the Order of Minimi, and Ruggiero Giuseppe Boscovich of the Society of Jesus on problems due to damage, and repair of, the dome of St. Peter's) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/ECHOdocuView?url=/mpiwg/online/permanent/library/S8KKCQUD/pageimg&viewMode=images&pn=5&mode=imagepath">Link to full text</a></li> <li><i>Nova methodus adhibendi phasium observationes in eclipsibus lunaribus ad exercendam geometriam et promovendam astronomiam</i> (1744) (A new method for using observations of phases in lunar eclipses for cultivating geometry and advancing astronomy)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn=urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb10081488-8"><i>De cyloide et logistica</i></a> (1745) (On the cycloid and the logistic curve)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3931/e-rara-20153"><i>De viribus vivis</i></a> (1745) (On living forces)</li> <li><i>Trigonometria sphaerica</i> (1745) (Spherical trigonometry)</li> <li><i>De cometis</i> (1746) (On comets)</li> <li><i>Dissertatio de maris aestu</i> (1747) (A dissertation on the tides of the ocean)</li> <li><i>Dissertatio de lumine, 1–2</i> (1748/1749) (A dissertation on light)</li> <li><i>De determinanda orbita planetae ope catoptricae ex datis vi celeritate & directione motus in dato puncto</i> (1749) (On determining the orbits of a planet by the aid of catoptrics/reflections from given force speed and direction of motion in a given point)</li> <li><i>Sopra il Turbine che la notte tra gli XI e XII giugno del MDCCXLIX danneggio una gran parte di Roma</i> (1749; Latin translation 1766) (Upon the whirlwind that on the night between 11 and 12 June 1749 damaged a large part of Rome)</li> <li><i>De centrogravitatis</i> (1751) (On the centre of gravity)</li> <li><i>Elementorum matheseos ad usum studiosae juventutis</i> (1752) (The elements of mathematics for the use of young students)</li> <li><i>De lunae atmosphaera</i> (1753) (On the atmosphere of the moon)</li> <li><i>De continuitatis lege et eius consectariis pertinentibus ad prima materiae elementa eorumque vires dissertatio</i> (1754) (A dissertation on the law of continuity and its consequences pertaining to the first elements of matter and of its powers)</li> <li><i>Elementorium universae matheseos, 1–3</i> (1757) (Elements of general mathematics)</li> <li><i>De lege virium in natura existentium</i> (1755) (On the law of powers in the nature of existing things)</li> <li><i>De lentibus et telescopiis dioptricis disertatio</i> (1755) (Of dioptric lenses and telescopes)</li> <li><i>De inaequalitatibus quas Saturnus et Jupiter sibi mutuo videntur inducere praesertim circa tempus conjunctionis</i> (1756) (On the inequalities which Saturn and Jupiter seem to induce between themselves particularly around times of conjunction)</li> <li><i>Theoria philosophiae naturalis</i> (1758) (A Theory of Natural Philosophy) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/theoryofnaturalp00boscrich">link to full text</a></li> <li><i>De Solis ac Lunae defectibus</i> (1760) (On the sun, moon and eclipses)</li> <li><i>Scrittura sulli danni osservati nell' edificio della Biblioteca Cesarea di Vienna, e loro riparazione</i> (1763) (Writing on the damage observed in the building of the Library of Caesarea Vienna, and their repair)</li> <li><i>Memorie sopra il Porti di Rimini</i> (1765) (A memoir on the Ports of Rimini)</li> <li><i>Sentimento sulla solidità della nuova Guglia del Duomo di Milano</i> (1765) (Sentiments concerning the soundness of the new Spire of the Duomo of Milan)</li> <li><i>dissertationes quinque ad dioptricam pertinentes</i> (1767) (Five dissertations pertaining to dioptrics)</li> <li><i>Voyage astronomique et geographique</i> (1770) (An astronomic and geographic voyage)</li> <li><i>Memorie sulli cannocchiali diottrici</i> (1771) (A memoir on dioptric telescopes)</li> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gutenberg.beic.it/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=13294808&search_terms=DTL9"><i>Journal d'un voyage de Constantinople en Pologne</i></a>. 1772.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Journal+d%27un+voyage+de+Constantinople+en+Pologne&rft.date=1772&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgutenberg.beic.it%2Fwebclient%2FDeliveryManager%3Fpid%3D13294808%26search_terms%3DDTL9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoger+Joseph+Boscovich" class="Z3988"></span> (Journal of a voyage from Constantinople to Poland)</li> <li><i>Sullo sbocco dell'Adige in Mare</i> (1779) (On the mouth of the River Adige)</li> <li><i>Riflessioni sulla relazione del Sig. Abate Ximenes appartenente al Progetto di un nuovo Ozzeri nello Stato Lucchese</i> (1782) (comments on the report of Signor Abbot Ximenes concerning the project for the Nuovo Ozzeri drainage channel in Lucca)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gutenberg.beic.it/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=13295867&search_terms=DTL5"><i>Giornale di un viaggio da Costantinopoli in Polonia</i></a>. 1784.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Giornale+di+un+viaggio+da+Costantinopoli+in+Polonia&rft.date=1784&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgutenberg.beic.it%2Fwebclient%2FDeliveryManager%3Fpid%3D13295867%26search_terms%3DDTL5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoger+Joseph+Boscovich" class="Z3988"></span> (Journal of a voyage from Constantinople to Poland of Abbot Ruggiero Giuseppe Boscovich, together with his report of the ruins of Troy)</li> <li><i>Opera pertinentia ad opticam et astronomiam, 1–5</i> (1785) (Works pertaining to optics and astronomy)</li> <li><i>Sui danni del Porto di Savona, loro cagioni e rimedi</i> (1771) (On the damage to the port of Savona, it causes and possible repairs)</li> <li><i>Lettere a Giovan Stefano Conti</i> (1780) (Letter to Giovan Stefano Conti)</li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_clergy_scientists" title="List of Catholic clergy scientists">List of Catholic clergy scientists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancelot_Law_Whyte" title="Lancelot Law Whyte">Lancelot Law Whyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_De_Martino" title="Pietro De Martino">Pietro De Martino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circular_triangle#Characterization_of_angles" title="Circular triangle">Boscovich's cardoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Sage%27s_theory_of_gravitation" title="Le Sage's theory of gravitation">Le Sage's theory of gravitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Least_absolute_deviations" title="Least absolute deviations">Least absolute deviations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantile_regression" title="Quantile regression">Quantile regression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Will_to_power" title="Will to power">Will to power</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The successor institution to the Collegio Romano is the <a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Gregorian_University" title="Pontifical Gregorian University">Pontifical Gregorian University</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-edizionenazionaleboscovich2-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-edizionenazionaleboscovich2_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.edizionenazionaleboscovich.it/index.php/rg-boscovich/la-firma-autografa.html">"La firma autografa (The original Boscovich's autograph)"</a>. edizionenazionaleboscovich.it<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=La+firma+autografa+%28The+original+Boscovich%27s+autograph%29&rft.pub=edizionenazionaleboscovich.it&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.edizionenazionaleboscovich.it%2Findex.php%2Frg-boscovich%2Fla-firma-autografa.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoger+Joseph+Boscovich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gerardus Heerkens, <i>Notabilium libri II</i>, Groningae, 1765, p. 61: "<i>Dalmata erat Boscovicius, Ragusâ oriundus</i>".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fairfield-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fairfield_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.faculty.fairfield.edu/jmac/sj/scientists/boscovich.htm">Biography: Roger Joseph Boscovich, S.J.</a>, Fairchild University website.<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101127125527/http://www.faculty.fairfield.edu/jmac/sj/scientists/boscovich.htm">Archived</a> 27 November 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-google2-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-google2_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-google2_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames,_I.2004" class="citation book cs1">James, I. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PMvcEPyNMGgC"><i>Remarkable Physicists: From Galileo to Yukawa</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 47. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521017060" title="Special:BookSources/9780521017060"><bdi>9780521017060</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Remarkable+Physicists%3A+From+Galileo+to+Yukawa&rft.pages=47&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9780521017060&rft.au=James%2C+I.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPMvcEPyNMGgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoger+Joseph+Boscovich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Энциклопедия для детей (астрономия)</i>. Москва: Аванта+. 1998. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-5-89501-016-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-5-89501-016-7"><bdi>978-5-89501-016-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F+%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9+%28%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%29&rft.place=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.pub=%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%2B&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-5-89501-016-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoger+Joseph+Boscovich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/74622">Ruggero Giuseppe Boscovich</a> at the <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Whyte-1961-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Whyte-1961_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Whyte-1961_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Whyte-1961_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dpedtech.com/ROGERJOSEPHBOSCOVICH.doc">'"Roger Joseph Boscovich'" SJ FRS, 1711–1787 <i>Studies of his life and work on the 250th anniversary of his birth</i></a>, edited <a href="/wiki/Lancelot_Law_Whyte" title="Lancelot Law Whyte">L L Whyte</a>, George Allen and Unwin, London, 1961.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stipe Kutleša, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bib.irb.hr/datoteka/577229.BOKOVI_SUBOTICA_1_a.pdf">"Tko je zapravo Ruđer Bošković?" {Bošković i njegova obitelj Obitelj mu s očeve strane potječe iz Hercegovine, ţupe Ravno u Popovu polju, iz katoličkog sela Orahova Dola.} (2011)</a>, bib.irb.hr. Accessed 17 August 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVidović2011" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Vidović, Domagoj (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=124987">"Toponymy of the village Orahovi Do in Popovo"</a>. <i>Rasprave: Časopis Instituta za hrvatski jezik i jezikoslovlje</i> (in Croatian). <b>37</b> (2): 540–544. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1331-6745">1331-6745</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rasprave%3A+%C4%8Casopis+Instituta+za+hrvatski+jezik+i+jezikoslovlje&rft.atitle=Toponymy+of+the+village+Orahovi+Do+in+Popovo&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=540-544&rft.date=2011&rft.issn=1331-6745&rft.aulast=Vidovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Domagoj&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhrcak.srce.hr%2Findex.php%3Fshow%3Dclanak%26id_clanak_jezik%3D124987&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoger+Joseph+Boscovich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.edizionenazionaleboscovich.it/index.php/biblioteca-digitale/viewcategory/4-corrispondenza.html"><i>Carteggio con Natale Boscovich</i> (two volumes)</a>, Edizione Nazionale delle Opere e della Corrispondenza di Ruggiero Giuseppe Boscovich, Milan (2009); <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8896700204" title="Special:BookSources/978-8896700204">978-8896700204</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFranka_Miriam_Brueckler" class="citation web cs1">Franka Miriam Brueckler. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mathematics-in-europe.eu/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=678&lang=en">"300th birthday of Ruđer Josip Bošković (Roger Joseph Boscovich)"</a>. Mathematics in Europe<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=300th+birthday+of+Ru%C4%91er+Josip+Bo%C5%A1kovi%C4%87+%28Roger+Joseph+Boscovich%29&rft.pub=Mathematics+in+Europe&rft.au=Franka+Miriam+Brueckler&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mathematics-in-europe.eu%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D678%26lang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoger+Joseph+Boscovich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Conflict between Atomism and Conservation Theory 1644–1860</i> by Wilson L. Scott, London and New York, 1970</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDadić1989" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Dadić, Žarko (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hrcak.srce.hr/en/clanak/350378">"The Contribution of Karl Scherffer in Spreading Bošković's Scientific Results"</a>. <i>Anali Zavoda Za Povijesne Znanosti Hrvatske Akademije Znanosti i Umjetnosti U Dubrovniku</i> (in Croatian) (27): 113–121. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1330-0598">1330-0598</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Anali+Zavoda+Za+Povijesne+Znanosti+Hrvatske+Akademije+Znanosti+i+Umjetnosti+U+Dubrovniku&rft.atitle=The+Contribution+of+Karl+Scherffer+in+Spreading+Bo%C5%A1kovi%C4%87%27s+Scientific+Results&rft.issue=27&rft.pages=113-121&rft.date=1989&rft.issn=1330-0598&rft.aulast=Dadi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=%C5%BDarko&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhrcak.srce.hr%2Fen%2Fclanak%2F350378&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoger+Joseph+Boscovich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-google3-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-google3_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRowlinson,_J.S.2002" class="citation book cs1">Rowlinson, J.S. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Apyi_FXKnSkC"><i>Cohesion: A Scientific History of Intermolecular Forces</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781139435888" title="Special:BookSources/9781139435888"><bdi>9781139435888</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cohesion%3A+A+Scientific+History+of+Intermolecular+Forces&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9781139435888&rft.au=Rowlinson%2C+J.S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DApyi_FXKnSkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoger+Joseph+Boscovich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJužnič2012" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Južnič, Stanislav (24 April 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.delo.si/clanek/204444">"Dobro vidne Boškovićeve sledi v Ljubljani"</a> [Well-visible Traces of Bošković in Ljubljana]. <i>Delo.si</i> (in Slovenian). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1854-6544">1854-6544</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Delo.si&rft.atitle=Dobro+vidne+Bo%C5%A1kovi%C4%87eve+sledi+v+Ljubljani&rft.date=2012-04-24&rft.issn=1854-6544&rft.aulast=Ju%C5%BEni%C4%8D&rft.aufirst=Stanislav&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.delo.si%2Fclanek%2F204444&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoger+Joseph+Boscovich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.accademiaxl.it/accademia/storia.html"><i>L'Accademia</i>, from the site of the Accademia Nazionale delle Scienze detta dei XL (in italian)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKožnjak2015" class="citation journal cs1">Kožnjak, Boris (30 June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274097572">"Who let the demon out? Laplace and Boscovich on determinism"</a>. <i>Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A</i>. <b>51</b>: 42–52. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015SHPSA..51...42K">2015SHPSA..51...42K</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.shpsa.2015.03.002">10.1016/j.shpsa.2015.03.002</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26227230">26227230</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Studies+in+History+and+Philosophy+of+Science+Part+A&rft.atitle=Who+let+the+demon+out%3F+Laplace+and+Boscovich+on+determinism&rft.volume=51&rft.pages=42-52&rft.date=2015-06-30&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F26227230&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.shpsa.2015.03.002&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2015SHPSA..51...42K&rft.aulast=Ko%C5%BEnjak&rft.aufirst=Boris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F274097572&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoger+Joseph+Boscovich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bošković, Ruđer (1752)Elementorum matheseos ad usum studiosae juventutis</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bošković, Ruđer (1754) Elementa universae matheseos</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bošković, Ruđer (1762) Giornale di un viaggio da Constantinopoli in Polonia dell'abate Ruggiero Giuseppe Boscovich, con una sua relazione delle rovine di Troia</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bošković, Ruđer (1784) Giornale di un viaggio da Constantinopoli in Polonia dell'abate Ruggiero Giuseppe Boscovich, con una sua relazione delle rovine di Troia</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bošković, Ruđer (1772) Journal d'un voyage de Constantinopole en Pologne</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bošković, Ruđer (1742) Parere di tre Matematici sopra i danni che si sono trovati nella Cupola di S. Pietro</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bošković, Ruđer (1743) Riflessioni de' Padri Tommaso Le Seur, Francesco Jacquier de el' Ordine de' Minimi, e Ruggiero Giuseppe Boscovich della Compagnia di Gesù Sopra alcune difficoltà spettanti i danni, e Risarcimenti della Cupola Di S. Pietro</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bošković, Ruđer (1765) Sentimento sulla solidità della nuova Guglia del Duomo di Milano</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bošković, Ruđer (1763) Scrittura sulli danni osservati nell' edificio della Biblioteca Cesarea di Vienna, e loro riparazione</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bošković, Ruđer (1749) Sopra il Turbine che la notte tra gli XI e XII giugno del MDCCXLIX danneggio una gran parte di Roma</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hydraulics-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hydraulics_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hydraulics_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hydraulics_29-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ivica Martinović (2000) "Ruđer Bošković's Expert Analyses in Hydraulic Engineering:An Unexamined Dimension of Bošković's Work" <i>Jesuits among the Croats</i> Pozaić, Valentin (ed). – Zagreb : Institute of philosophy and theology SJ and Croatian historical, 2000. 65–87.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A Theory of Natural Philosophy, Zagreb, 1974., page 539</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnezović1995" class="citation journal cs1">Knezović, Pavle (September 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hrcak.srce.hr/file/3574">"Ruđer Bošković's songs on Virgin Mary"</a>. <i>Obnovljeni Život</i>. <b>50</b> (5).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Obnovljeni+%C5%BDivot&rft.atitle=Ru%C4%91er+Bo%C5%A1kovi%C4%87%27s+songs+on+Virgin+Mary&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=5&rft.date=1995-09&rft.aulast=Knezovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Pavle&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhrcak.srce.hr%2Ffile%2F3574&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoger+Joseph+Boscovich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPearson2000" class="citation journal cs1">Pearson, Keith Ansell (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://plijournal.com/files/ansell_pearson_1_pli_9.pdf">"Nietzsche's Brave New World of Force"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Pli: The Warwick Journal of Philosophy</i>. <b>9</b>: 6–35<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pli%3A+The+Warwick+Journal+of+Philosophy&rft.atitle=Nietzsche%27s+Brave+New+World+of+Force&rft.volume=9&rft.pages=6-35&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Pearson&rft.aufirst=Keith+Ansell&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fplijournal.com%2Ffiles%2Fansell_pearson_1_pli_9.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoger+Joseph+Boscovich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-google4-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-google4_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBabich,_B.Cohen,_R.S.1999" class="citation book cs1">Babich, B.; Cohen, R.S. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VT56Pflx5ksC"><i>Nietzsche, Epistemology, and Philosophy of Science: Nietzsche and the Sciences II</i></a>. Springer. p. 187. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780792357438" title="Special:BookSources/9780792357438"><bdi>9780792357438</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nietzsche%2C+Epistemology%2C+and+Philosophy+of+Science%3A+Nietzsche+and+the+Sciences+II&rft.pages=187&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9780792357438&rft.au=Babich%2C+B.&rft.au=Cohen%2C+R.S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVT56Pflx5ksC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoger+Joseph+Boscovich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrössing2009" class="citation book cs1">Grössing, H. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=o6DiSAAACAAJ"><i>Ruđer Bošković (Boscovich) und sein Modell der Materie: zur 250. Wiederkehr des Jahres der Erstveröffentlichung der Philosophiae Naturalis Theoria</i></a>. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press. p. 1. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783700167976" title="Special:BookSources/9783700167976"><bdi>9783700167976</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ru%C4%91er+Bo%C5%A1kovi%C4%87+%28Boscovich%29+und+sein+Modell+der+Materie%3A+zur+250.+Wiederkehr+des+Jahres+der+Erstver%C3%B6ffentlichung+der+Philosophiae+Naturalis+Theoria&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Austrian+Academy+of+Sciences+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9783700167976&rft.aulast=Gr%C3%B6ssing&rft.aufirst=H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Do6DiSAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoger+Joseph+Boscovich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKutleša2011" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kutleša, Stipe (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bib.irb.hr/datoteka/577229.BOKOVI_SUBOTICA_1_a.pdf">"Tko je zapravo Ruđer Bošković?"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Klasje naših ravni</i> (in Croatian). <b>16</b> (11–12): 3–26. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1451-2521">1451-2521</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2024</span>. <q>Neki srpski autori priznaju da je Bošković Hrvat. Tako je povodom 200-te obljetnice Boškovićeve smrti (1987) „Jugomarka" iz Beograda izdala poštansku markicu i razglednicu na poleđini koje izričito piše da je Bošković „najveći hrvatski naučnik svoga vremena"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Klasje+na%C5%A1ih+ravni&rft.atitle=Tko+je+zapravo+Ru%C4%91er+Bo%C5%A1kovi%C4%87%3F&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=11%E2%80%9312&rft.pages=3-26&rft.date=2011&rft.issn=1451-2521&rft.aulast=Kutle%C5%A1a&rft.aufirst=Stipe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbib.irb.hr%2Fdatoteka%2F577229.BOKOVI_SUBOTICA_1_a.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoger+Joseph+Boscovich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZenko1987" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Zenko, Franjo (7 December 1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hrcak.srce.hr/84911">"Monografija Žarka Dadića o Ruđeru Josipu Boškoviću"</a>. <i>Prilozi za istraživanje hrvatske filozofske baštine</i> (in Croatian). <b>13</b> (1-2 (25-26)): 217–222. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0350-2791">0350-2791</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Prilozi+za+istra%C5%BEivanje+hrvatske+filozofske+ba%C5%A1tine&rft.atitle=Monografija+%C5%BDarka+Dadi%C4%87a+o+Ru%C4%91eru+Josipu+Bo%C5%A1kovi%C4%87u&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1-2+%2825-26%29&rft.pages=217-222&rft.date=1987-12-07&rft.issn=0350-2791&rft.aulast=Zenko&rft.aufirst=Franjo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhrcak.srce.hr%2F84911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoger+Joseph+Boscovich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas2023" class="citation news cs1">Thomas, Mark (27 June 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedubrovniktimes.com/news/dubrovnik/item/15114-dubrovnik-airport-renamed-in-honour-of-renowned-scientist-ruder-boskovic">"Dubrovnik Airport Renamed in Honour of Renowned Scientist Ruđer Bošković!"</a>. <i>The Dubrovnik Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Dubrovnik+Times&rft.atitle=Dubrovnik+Airport+Renamed+in+Honour+of+Renowned+Scientist+Ru%C4%91er+Bo%C5%A1kovi%C4%87%21&rft.date=2023-06-27&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedubrovniktimes.com%2Fnews%2Fdubrovnik%2Fitem%2F15114-dubrovnik-airport-renamed-in-honour-of-renowned-scientist-ruder-boskovic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoger+Joseph+Boscovich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBorger2023" class="citation news cs1">Borger, Julian (16 November 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/nov/16/dubrovnik-airport-rename-ruder-boskovic-balkas">"Turbulence in Balkans over renaming of Dubrovnik airport"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. London.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Turbulence+in+Balkans+over+renaming+of+Dubrovnik+airport&rft.date=2023-11-16&rft.aulast=Borger&rft.aufirst=Julian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2023%2Fnov%2F16%2Fdubrovnik-airport-rename-ruder-boskovic-balkas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoger+Joseph+Boscovich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIsakovic2019" class="citation book cs1">Isakovic, Zlatko (24 May 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4qiaDwAAQBAJ"><i>Identity and Security in Former Yugoslavia</i></a>. Routledge. p. 59. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-351-73349-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-351-73349-6"><bdi>978-1-351-73349-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Identity+and+Security+in+Former+Yugoslavia&rft.pages=59&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2019-05-24&rft.isbn=978-1-351-73349-6&rft.aulast=Isakovic&rft.aufirst=Zlatko&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4qiaDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoger+Joseph+Boscovich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dadić-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dadić_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dadić_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDadić1987" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Dadić, Žarko (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dizbi.hazu.hr/?sitetext=107"><i>Ruder Bošković</i></a> (in Croatian and English). Zagreb: Školska Knjiga.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ruder+Bo%C5%A1kovi%C4%87&rft.place=Zagreb&rft.pub=%C5%A0kolska+Knjiga&rft.date=1987&rft.aulast=Dadi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=%C5%BDarko&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdizbi.hazu.hr%2F%3Fsitetext%3D107&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoger+Joseph+Boscovich" class="Z3988"></span> Bošković's published letters and correspondence can be found in the Work of Yugoslav Academy of Arts and Sciences, number 185, year 1911 (of special interest are pages 345 and 377).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mh-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mh_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.matica.hr/Vijenac/vijenac386.nsf/AllWebDocs/Rugjer_Boskovic_je_nas_suvremenik_">"Matica hrvatska – Vijenac 386 – Rugjer Bošković je naš suvremenik"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 January</span> 2015</span> – via matica.hr.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Matica+hrvatska+%E2%80%93+Vijenac+386+%E2%80%93+Rugjer+Bo%C5%A1kovi%C4%87+je+na%C5%A1+suvremenik&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.matica.hr%2FVijenac%2Fvijenac386.nsf%2FAllWebDocs%2FRugjer_Boskovic_je_nas_suvremenik_&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoger+Joseph+Boscovich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Harris-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Harris_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Harris_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Harris, Robin. <i>Dubrovnik, A History</i>. London:Saqi Books, 2003. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86356-332-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-86356-332-4">978-0-86356-332-4</a>, p. 618</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-edizionenazionaleboscovich-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-edizionenazionaleboscovich_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.edizionenazionaleboscovich.it/index.php/biblioteca-digitale/doc_download/12-corrispondenza-2.html">"<i>Edizione Nazionale delle opere e della corrispondenza di Ruggiero Giuseppe Boscovich. Corrispondenza</i>, Vol. II, <i>Carteggio con Bartolomeo Boscovich</i>, Milano 2009"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 January</span> 2015</span> – via edizionenazionaleboscovich.it.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Edizione+Nazionale+delle+opere+e+della+corrispondenza+di+Ruggiero+Giuseppe+Boscovich.+Corrispondenza%2C+Vol.+II%2C+Carteggio+con+Bartolomeo+Boscovich%2C+Milano+2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.edizionenazionaleboscovich.it%2Findex.php%2Fbiblioteca-digitale%2Fdoc_download%2F12-corrispondenza-2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoger+Joseph+Boscovich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-serbia-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-serbia_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141223234547/http://www.serbia.travel/about-serbia/people/">"People « National Tourism Organisation of Serbia"</a>. serbia.travel. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.serbia.travel/about-serbia/people/">the original</a> on 23 December 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=People+%C2%AB+National+Tourism+Organisation+of+Serbia&rft.pub=serbia.travel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.serbia.travel%2Fabout-serbia%2Fpeople%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoger+Joseph+Boscovich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJandric2011" class="citation book cs1">Jandric, Miroslav (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vti.mod.gov.rs/ntp/rad2011/34-11/0/00.pdf"><i>Three Centuries from the Birth of Rudjer Boskovic (1711– 1787)</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. pp. 449 (footnote).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Three+Centuries+from+the+Birth+of+Rudjer+Boskovic+%281711%E2%80%93+1787%29&rft.pages=449+%28footnote%29&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Jandric&rft.aufirst=Miroslav&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vti.mod.gov.rs%2Fntp%2Frad2011%2F34-11%2F0%2F00.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoger+Joseph+Boscovich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFШћепановић1995" class="citation book cs1">Шћепановић, Слободан (1995). "О поријеклу породице и коријенима породице Руђера Бошковића". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Jj5pAAAAMAAJ"><i>Историјски записи</i></a>. Vol. 68. с.н. p. 154. <q>…огранака братства Бошковића у Орахов До и околицу Стоца, што је утврђено, као што смо видјели, на основу тамошњег предања и других извора.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%D0%9E+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%83+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5+%D0%B8+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5+%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0+%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%9B%D0%B0&rft.btitle=%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8&rft.pages=154&rft.pub=%D1%81.%D0%BD.&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=%D0%A8%D1%9B%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%9B&rft.aufirst=%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJj5pAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoger+Joseph+Boscovich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavidEdwards2013" class="citation book cs1">David, H. A.; Edwards, A. W. F. (29 June 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tFzhBwAAQBAJ&q=roger+boscovich+serbian+Annotated+Readings+in+the+History+of+Statistics&pg=PA52%7C"><i>Annotated Readings in the History of Statistics</i></a>. Springer Science & Business Media. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4757-3500-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4757-3500-0"><bdi>978-1-4757-3500-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Annotated+Readings+in+the+History+of+Statistics&rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media&rft.date=2013-06-29&rft.isbn=978-1-4757-3500-0&rft.aulast=David&rft.aufirst=H.+A.&rft.au=Edwards%2C+A.+W.+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtFzhBwAAQBAJ%26q%3Droger%2Bboscovich%2Bserbian%2BAnnotated%2BReadings%2Bin%2Bthe%2BHistory%2Bof%2BStatistics%26pg%3DPA52%257C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoger+Joseph+Boscovich" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOlson2015" class="citation book cs1">Olson, Richard S. (8 March 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TgR-BgAAQBAJ&q=roger+boscovich+serbian+Scottish+Philosophy+and+British+Physics%2C+1740-1870&pg=PA98%7C"><i>Scottish Philosophy and British Physics, 1740-1870: A Study in the Foundations of the Victorian Scientific Style</i></a>. Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4008-7249-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4008-7249-7"><bdi>978-1-4008-7249-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Scottish+Philosophy+and+British+Physics%2C+1740-1870%3A+A+Study+in+the+Foundations+of+the+Victorian+Scientific+Style&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2015-03-08&rft.isbn=978-1-4008-7249-7&rft.aulast=Olson&rft.aufirst=Richard+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTgR-BgAAQBAJ%26q%3Droger%2Bboscovich%2Bserbian%2BScottish%2BPhilosophy%2Band%2BBritish%2BPhysics%252C%2B1740-1870%26pg%3DPA98%257C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoger+Joseph+Boscovich" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOlson1982" class="citation book cs1">Olson, Richard (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sciencedeifiedsc0000olso%7Curl-access=registration%7C"><i>Science Deified & Science Defied: The Historical Significance of Science in Western Culture</i></a>. University of California Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sciencedeifiedsc0000olso/page/133">133</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-20167-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-20167-5"><bdi>978-0-520-20167-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Science+Deified+%26+Science+Defied%3A+The+Historical+Significance+of+Science+in+Western+Culture&rft.pages=133&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-0-520-20167-5&rft.aulast=Olson&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsciencedeifiedsc0000olso%257Curl-access%3Dregistration%257C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoger+Joseph+Boscovich" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBall2014" class="citation book cs1">Ball, Philip (31 July 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7af0AwAAQBAJ&q=roger+boscovich+serbian+Critical+Mass&pg=PA41%7C"><i>Critical Mass</i></a>. Random House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4481-8541-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4481-8541-2"><bdi>978-1-4481-8541-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Critical+Mass&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2014-07-31&rft.isbn=978-1-4481-8541-2&rft.aulast=Ball&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7af0AwAAQBAJ%26q%3Droger%2Bboscovich%2Bserbian%2BCritical%2BMass%26pg%3DPA41%257C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoger+Joseph+Boscovich" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevy2016" class="citation book cs1">Levy, Joel (29 September 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bx6-DAAAQBAJ&q=roger+boscovich+serbian+The+Infinite+Tortoise%3A+The+Curious+Thought+Experiments+of+History%27s+Great+Thinkers&pg=PT24%7C"><i>The Infinite Tortoise: The Curious Thought Experiments of History's Great Thinkers</i></a>. Michael O'Mara Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78243-638-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78243-638-6"><bdi>978-1-78243-638-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Infinite+Tortoise%3A+The+Curious+Thought+Experiments+of+History%27s+Great+Thinkers&rft.pub=Michael+O%27Mara+Books&rft.date=2016-09-29&rft.isbn=978-1-78243-638-6&rft.aulast=Levy&rft.aufirst=Joel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dbx6-DAAAQBAJ%26q%3Droger%2Bboscovich%2Bserbian%2BThe%2BInfinite%2BTortoise%253A%2BThe%2BCurious%2BThought%2BExperiments%2Bof%2BHistory%2527s%2BGreat%2BThinkers%26pg%3DPT24%257C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoger+Joseph+Boscovich" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SxgJAQAAMAAJ&q=roger+boscovich+serbian%7C"><i>Bulletin of Fukuoka University of Education. Part III, Natural sciences</i></a>. Fukuoka Kyoiku Daigaku. 1981.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bulletin+of+Fukuoka+University+of+Education.+Part+III%2C+Natural+sciences&rft.pub=Fukuoka+Kyoiku+Daigaku&rft.date=1981&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSxgJAQAAMAAJ%26q%3Droger%2Bboscovich%2Bserbian%257C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoger+Joseph+Boscovich" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EJhBAQAAIAAJ&q=roger+boscovich+serbian%7C"><i>The Publishers' Trade List Annual</i></a>. R.R. Bowker Company. 1959.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Publishers%27+Trade+List+Annual&rft.pub=R.R.+Bowker+Company&rft.date=1959&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEJhBAQAAIAAJ%26q%3Droger%2Bboscovich%2Bserbian%257C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoger+Joseph+Boscovich" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-google5-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-google5_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlembert,_J.L.R.1761" class="citation book cs1">Alembert, J.L.R. (1761). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dGYVAAAAQAAJ"><i>Opuscules mathématiques ou Mémoires sur différens sujets de géométrie, de méchanique, etc</i></a>. Vol. 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Opuscules+math%C3%A9matiques+ou+M%C3%A9moires+sur+diff%C3%A9rens+sujets+de+g%C3%A9om%C3%A9trie%2C+de+m%C3%A9chanique%2C+etc&rft.date=1761&rft.au=Alembert%2C+J.L.R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdGYVAAAAQAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoger+Joseph+Boscovich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoscovichChristopher_Maire1770" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Boscovich, Ruggero Giuseppe; Christopher Maire (1770). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/voyageastronomi00conggoog"><i>Voyage astronomique et geographique, dans l'État de l'Eglise</i></a> (in French). Google books Italy: N.M. Tilliard. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/voyageastronomi00conggoog/page/n472">449</a> (footnote). <q>Nous observerons ici en premier lieu que norre Auteur est Dalmate et de Raguse, non-Italien... vu le long séjour qu'il a fait en Italie depuis sa premiere jeunesse, on peut in quelque sorte le dire Italien</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Voyage+astronomique+et+geographique%2C+dans+l%27%C3%89tat+de+l%27Eglise&rft.place=Google+books+Italy&rft.pages=449+%28footnote%29&rft.pub=N.M.+Tilliard&rft.date=1770&rft.aulast=Boscovich&rft.aufirst=Ruggero+Giuseppe&rft.au=Christopher+Maire&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fvoyageastronomi00conggoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoger+Joseph+Boscovich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dadić, Žarko. <i>Ruđer Bošković</i> (Parallel text in Croatian and English). Zagreb: Školska Knjiga, 1987, pp. 51–52.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brera.inaf.it/boscovich/progetto-sito/opere.htm">"Catalogo delle opere a stampa di Ruggiero Giuseppe Boscovich (1711–1787)"</a>. <i>www.brera.inaf.it</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.brera.inaf.it&rft.atitle=Catalogo+delle+opere+a+stampa+di+Ruggiero+Giuseppe+Boscovich+%281711%E2%80%931787%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brera.inaf.it%2Fboscovich%2Fprogetto-sito%2Fopere.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoger+Joseph+Boscovich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <ul><li><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span>This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Boscovich,_Roger_Joseph" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Boscovich, Roger Joseph">Boscovich, Roger Joseph</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Boscovich%2C+Roger+Joseph&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoger+Joseph+Boscovich" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <ul><li>Boscovich, Ruggero Giuseppe. <i>A Theory of Natural Philosophy. Translated by J. M. Child</i>. English ed. Cambridge, Mass.,: M. I. T. Press, 1966.</li> <li>Brush, Stephen G. <i>The Kind of Motion We Call Heat: A History of the Kinetic Theory of Gases in the 19th Century</i>. Vol. 6 Studies in Statistical Mechanics. New York: North-Holland Pub. Co., 1976.</li> <li>Brush, Stephen G. <i>Statistical Physics and the Atomic Theory of Matter: From Boyle and Newton to Landau and Onsager</i> Princeton Series in Physics. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1983.</li> <li>Bursill-Hall, Piers, ed. <i>R.J. Boscovich; Vita E Attivita Scientifica; His Life and Scientific Work.</i> Roma: Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, 1993.</li> <li>Dadić, Žarko. <i>Ruđer Bošković</i> (Parallel text in Croatian and English). Zagreb: Školska Knjiga, 1987</li> <li>Dimitric, Radoslav. <i>Ruđer Bošković</i> (Serbian, with English summary, Bošković works in original, and translations into English and Serbian). Pittsburgh: Helios Publishing Company, 2006, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9788256-2-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9788256-2-1">978-0-9788256-2-1</a></li> <li>Feingold, Mordechai. "A Jesuit among Protestants: Boscovich in England c. 1745 – 1820." In R.J. Boscovich; <i>Vita E Attivita Scientifica; His Life and Scientific Work</i>, ed. Piers Bursill-Hall, 511–526. Roma: Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, 1993.</li> <li>Franolić, Branko. <i>Bošković in Britain</i>, Journal of Croatian Studies Vol. 43, 2002 Croatian Academy of America, New York US ISSN 0075-4218</li> <li>Hrvatski biografski leksikon [The Croatian Biographical Lexicon]. Zagreb 1989. Vol 2, pp 194–199. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-86-7053-015-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-86-7053-015-7">978-86-7053-015-7</a></li> <li>Justin, Rodriguez. "Scientific Revolution Atomic Projects." Stevens Journal of Oral Traditions, no. 1 (200?): xlv–xc.</li> <li>Kargon, Robert. "William Rowan Hamilton, Michael Faraday, and the Revival of Boscovichean Atomism." American Journal of Physics 32, no. 10 (1964): 792–795.</li> <li>Kargon, Robert. "William Rowan Hamilton and Boscovichean Atomism." Journal of the History of Ideas 26, no. 1 (1965): 137–140.</li> <li>Katritsky, Linde. "Coleridge's Links with Leading Men of Science." Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London 49, no. 2 (1995): 261–276.</li> <li>Lukan, Peter. <i>Roger Boscovich and the Quantum Mechanical Combination of Dynamic and Statical Laws.</i> Almagest. International Journal for the History of Science 6, 1 (2015): 64–79.</li> <li>Morais Jr, Luis Carlos de. <i>Alchimia seu Archimagisterium Solis in V Libri</i>. Rio de Janeiro: Quartica Premium, 2013.</li> <li>Petković, Tomisclav. <i>R. J. Boscovich's Achievement in Natural Philosophy in Relation to the Development of Modern Particle Physics.</i> Almagest. International Journal for the History of Science 6, 1 (2015): 80–103.</li> <li>Petrović, Aleksandar. <i>The Presence of Boscovich's</i> Theoria Philosophiae Naturalis <i>and the Absence of its Translations.</i> Almagest. International Journal for the History of Science 6, 1 (2015): 8–21.</li> <li>Priestley, Joseph, and Robert E. Schofield. <i>A Scientific Autobiography of Joseph Priestley, 1733–1804</i>; Selected Scientific Correspondence. Cambridge, : M.I.T. Press, 1966.</li> <li>Proverbio, Edoardo. <i>Catalogo delle opere a stampa di Ruggiero Giuseppe Boscovich</i>. Roma: Accademia Nazionale Delle Scienze Detta Dei XL. 2007.</li> <li>Savkovic, Nada. <i>Occasional Poetry by Roger Boscovich</i>. Almagest. International Journal for the History of Science 6, 1 (2015): 32–47.</li> <li>Scott, Wilson L. "The Significance Of "Hard Bodies" In the History of Scientific Thought." Isis 50, no. 3 (1959): 199–210.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFŠpoljarić2011" class="citation book cs1">Špoljarić, Stjepan (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://da.mvep.hr/files/file/pdf/stjepan_spoljaric_rudjer_boskovic_HR-EN.pdf"><i>Ruđer Bošković in the Diplomatic Service of the Dubrovnik Republic</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Zagreb: Ministry of Foreign Affairs and European Integration of the Republic of Croatia. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-953-7010-99-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-953-7010-99-7"><bdi>978-953-7010-99-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ru%C4%91er+Bo%C5%A1kovi%C4%87+in+the+Diplomatic+Service+of+the+Dubrovnik+Republic&rft.place=Zagreb&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs+and+European+Integration+of+the+Republic+of+Croatia&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-953-7010-99-7&rft.aulast=%C5%A0poljari%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Stjepan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fda.mvep.hr%2Ffiles%2Ffile%2Fpdf%2Fstjepan_spoljaric_rudjer_boskovic_HR-EN.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoger+Joseph+Boscovich" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Stavinschi, Magda.<i>Boscovich on the Romanian Territories.</i> Almagest. International Journal for the History of Science 6, 1 (2015): 22–31.</li> <li>Uršič, Marko. <i>Boscovich's Distinction between the Potential and the Actual Space from the Standpoint of Modern Search for the Union of Mind and Nature.</i> Almagest. International Journal for the History of Science 6, 1 (2015): 48–63.</li> <li>Whyte, Lancelot Law, ed. <i>Roger Joseph Boscovich, S.J., F.R.S., 1711–1787: Studies of His Life and Work on the 250th Anniversary of His Birth.</i> London, : G. Allen & Unwin, 1961.</li> <li>Williams, L. Pearce. <i>Michael Faraday, a Biography.</i> New York, Basic Books, 1965.</li> <li>Williams, L. Pearce. "Boscovich, Mako, Davy and Faraday." In R.J. Boscovich; Vita E Attivita Scientifica; His Life and Scientific Work, ed. Piers Bursill-Hall, 587–600. Roma: Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, 1993.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of a <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">1911 <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i></a> article about <span style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Boscovich,_Roger_Joseph" class="extiw" title="wikisource:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Boscovich, Roger Joseph">Roger Joseph Boscovich</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/authors/OL5106789A">Works by Roger Joseph Boscovich</a> at <a href="/wiki/Open_Library" title="Open Library">Open Library</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Boscovich.html">Ruggiero Giuseppe Boscovich, by University of St. Andrews</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02691a.htm">Ruggiero Giuseppe Boscovich in the Catholic Encyclopedia</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt3p3033v2/">Online guide to the Ruggiero Giuseppe Boscovich Papers, 1711–1787</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Bancroft_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="The Bancroft Library">The Bancroft Library</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hic.hr/books/latinists/01latin.htm">Latin as a literary language among the Croats by Branko Franolić – contains information on Ruđer Bošković</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-personal.umich.edu/~jbourj/money2.htm">Ruggiero Boscovich on various Croatian Dinar banknotes.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kunalipa.com/katalog/hrvatski-dinar/">All Croatian banknotes with Boscovich</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brera.inaf.it/boscovich/progetto-sito/index.htm">Edizione Nazionale delle Opere di Ruggiero Giuseppe Boscovich (Accademia Nazionale delle Scienze – Hrvatska Akademija Znanosti i Umjetnosti – INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera – Pontificia Università Gregoriana)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stampsbook.org/File-Croatia-stamp451kroatia.html">Stamp of Joseph Boscovich</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dubrovnik-online.net/english/famous_citizens.php">About Ruđer Bošković</a></li> <li>Boscovich's (1748) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lhldigital.lindahall.org/cdm/ref/collection/color/id/38621"><i>Dissertationis de lumine</i></a> – digital facsimile from the <a href="/wiki/Linda_Hall_Library" title="Linda Hall Library">Linda Hall Library</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/37px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/21px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/42px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Croatia" title="Portal:Croatia">Croatia</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg/17px-Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg/26px-Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg/34px-Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="530" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Physics" title="Portal:Physics">Physics</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg/19px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg/29px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg/38px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Mathematics" title="Portal:Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_religion_world.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/21px-P_religion_world.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/32px-P_religion_world.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/42px-P_religion_world.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Religion" title="Portal:Religion">Religion</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Crab_Nebula.jpg/19px-Crab_Nebula.jpg" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Crab_Nebula.jpg/29px-Crab_Nebula.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Crab_Nebula.jpg/38px-Crab_Nebula.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3864" data-file-height="3864" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Astronomy" title="Portal:Astronomy">Astronomy</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:He1523a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/He1523a.jpg/16px-He1523a.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/He1523a.jpg/25px-He1523a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/He1523a.jpg/33px-He1523a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="207" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Stars" title="Portal:Stars">Stars</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Earth-moon.jpg/21px-Earth-moon.jpg" decoding="async" width="21" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Earth-moon.jpg/32px-Earth-moon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Earth-moon.jpg/42px-Earth-moon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Outer_space" title="Portal:Outer space">Outer space</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Solar_system.jpg/15px-Solar_system.jpg" decoding="async" width="15" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Solar_system.jpg/23px-Solar_system.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Solar_system.jpg/30px-Solar_system.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4500" data-file-height="5600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Solar_System" title="Portal:Solar System">Solar System</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg/19px-Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg/29px-Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg/38px-Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Science" title="Portal:Science">Science</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output 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navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q310757#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q310757#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" 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href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PCjr7fWy9cKMKRkYw9f3gmm">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118662074">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80119415">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12054879x">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12054879x">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Boscovich, Ruggiero Giuseppe"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV076907">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an49513913">Australia</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36200076">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ola2002153885&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1210741">Spain</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1267139">2</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1682853">3</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/145376">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p074107097">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/99013992">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000011229&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=140323">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/31fhh77m14ql6zf">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810558241705606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/24147">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007258926505171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058508106106706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14534598">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA03898802?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zbmath.org/authors/?q=ai:boscovich.ruggiero-giuseppe">zbMATH</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathscinet.ams.org/mathscinet/MRAuthorID/215042">MathSciNet</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1228032">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="BOSCOVICH, Ruggero Giuseppe"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/ruggero-giuseppe-boscovich_(Dizionario-Biografico)">Italian People</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://structurae.net/persons/1009699">Structurae</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118662074.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118662074">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/028784553">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6mg7r57">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Roger_Joseph_Boscovich&oldid=1258049716">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Roger_Joseph_Boscovich&oldid=1258049716</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1711_births" title="Category:1711 births">1711 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1787_deaths" title="Category:1787 deaths">1787 deaths</a></li><li><a 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