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Urskog – Wikipedia

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vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innehåll" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Växla innehållsförteckningen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Växla innehållsförteckningen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Urskog</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå till en artikel på ett annat språk. Tillgänglig på 46 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-46" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">46 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urwald" title="Urwald – schweizertyska" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Urwald" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="schweizertyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="غابة بدائية – arabiska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="غابة بدائية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pra%C5%A1uma" title="Prašuma – bosniska" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Prašuma" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosc_primari" title="Bosc primari – katalanska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bosc primari" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prales" title="Prales – tjeckiska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Prales" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjeckiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urskov" title="Urskov – danska" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Urskov" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prim%C3%A4rwald" title="Primärwald – tyska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Primärwald" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Crgmets" title="Ürgmets – estniska" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ürgmets" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B8%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%BF_%CE%B4%CE%AC%CF%83%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Παρθένο δάσος – grekiska" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Παρθένο δάσος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old-growth_forest" title="Old-growth forest – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Old-growth forest" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8C" title="Кезэрьвирь – erjya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Кезэрьвирь" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erjya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosque_primario" title="Bosque primario – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bosque primario" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praarbaro" title="Praarbaro – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Praarbaro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oihan_primario" title="Oihan primario – baskiska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Oihan primario" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%84_%DA%A9%D9%87%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%AF" title="جنگل کهن‌رشد – persiska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جنگل کهن‌رشد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/For%C3%AAt_primaire" title="Forêt primaire – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Forêt primaire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosque_primario" title="Bosque primario – galiciska" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Bosque primario" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9B%90%EC%8B%9C%EB%A6%BC" title="원시림 – koreanska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="원시림" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8" title="चिरकालीन वन – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="चिरकालीन वन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pra%C5%A1uma" title="Prašuma – kroatiska" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Prašuma" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hutan_primer" title="Hutan primer – indonesiska" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hutan primer" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foresta_vergine" title="Foresta vergine – italienska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Foresta vergine" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italienska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%A8_%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99" title="יער ראשוני – hebreiska" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יער ראשוני" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sengir%C4%97" title="Sengirė – litauiska" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Sengirė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%90serd%C5%91" title="Őserdő – ungerska" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Őserdő" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungerska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alananahary" title="Alananahary – malagassiska" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Alananahary" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagassiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hutan_dara" title="Hutan dara – malajiska" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Hutan dara" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oerbos_(Europa)" title="Oerbos (Europa) – nederländska" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Oerbos (Europa)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E7%94%9F%E6%9E%97" title="原生林 – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="原生林" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urskog" title="Urskog – norskt bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Urskog" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norskt bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urskog" title="Urskog – nynorska" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Urskog" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Las_pierwotny" title="Las pierwotny – polska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Las pierwotny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floresta_prim%C3%A1ria" title="Floresta primária – portugisiska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Floresta primária" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Девственный лес – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Девственный лес" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old-growth_forest" title="Old-growth forest – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Old-growth forest" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prales" title="Prales – slovakiska" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Prales" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pragozd" title="Pragozd – slovenska" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Pragozd" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Прашума – serbiska" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Прашума" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pra%C5%A1uma" title="Prašuma – serbokroatiska" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Prašuma" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aarniomets%C3%A4" title="Aarniometsä – finska" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Aarniometsä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagong-lumang_kagubatan" title="Lagong-lumang kagubatan – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Lagong-lumang kagubatan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakir_orman" title="Bakir orman – turkiska" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bakir orman" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81" title="Перестійний ліс – ukrainska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Перестійний ліс" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%E1%BB%ABng_nguy%C3%AAn_sinh" title="Rừng nguyên sinh – vietnamesiska" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Rừng nguyên sinh" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C4%97r%C4%97" title="Gėrė – samogitiska" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Gėrė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E6%A3%AE%E6%9E%97" title="原始森林 – kinesiska" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="原始森林" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q208478#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redigera interwikilänkar" class="wbc-editpage">Redigera länkar</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namnrymder"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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mw-parser-output" lang="sv" dir="ltr"><dl><dd><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Biogradska_suma.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Biogradska_suma.jpg/250px-Biogradska_suma.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Biogradska_suma.jpg/375px-Biogradska_suma.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Biogradska_suma.jpg/500px-Biogradska_suma.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="556" /></a><figcaption>Urskog med europeisk bok i Biogradska Gora Nationalpark, Montenegro</figcaption></figure><i>Urskog är även ett äldre namn på <a href="/wiki/Aurskog" title="Aurskog">Aurskog</a></i></dd></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r51224235">.mw-parser-output table.ambox{margin:0 10%;border-collapse:collapse;background:#fbfbfb;border:1px solid #aaa;border-left:10px solid #608ec2}.mw-parser-output table.ambox th.ambox-text,.mw-parser-output table.ambox td.ambox-text{padding:.25em .5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output table.ambox td.ambox-image{padding:2px 0 2px .5em;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output table.ambox td.ambox-imageright{padding:2px 4px 2px 0;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-notice{border-left:10px solid #608ec2}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-delete,.mw-parser-output table.ambox-serious{border-left:10px solid #b22222}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #f4c430}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-merge{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #bba}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox{border-top-width:0}.mw-parser-output .messagebox{border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#f8f9fa;width:80%;margin:0 auto 1em auto;padding:.2em}.mw-parser-output .messagebox.merge{border:1px solid #c0b8cc;background-color:#f0e5ff;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .messagebox.cleanup{border:1px solid #9f9fff;background-color:#efefff;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .messagebox.standard-talk{border:1px solid #c0c090;background-color:#f8eaba}.mw-parser-output .messagebox.nested-talk{border:1px solid #c0c090;background-color:#f8eaba;width:100%;margin:2px 4px}</style><table class="metadata ambox ambox-content" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td class="ambox-image"> <div style="width:52px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Question_book-4.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/40px-Question_book-4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/60px-Question_book-4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/80px-Question_book-4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="262" data-file-height="204" /></a></span></div></td> <td class="ambox-text">Den här artikeln <b>behöver fler eller bättre <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:K%C3%A4llh%C3%A4nvisningar" title="Wikipedia:Källhänvisningar">källhänvisningar</a> för att kunna <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifierbarhet" title="Wikipedia:Verifierbarhet">verifieras</a>.</b> <small>(2023-05)</small> <br /><small>Åtgärda genom att lägga till pålitliga källor (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Introduktion_till_k%C3%A4llh%C3%A4nvisningar" title="Wikipedia:Introduktion till källhänvisningar">gärna som fotnoter</a>). Uppgifter utan källhänvisning kan <a href="/wiki/Mall:K%C3%A4lla_beh%C3%B6vs" title="Mall:Källa behövs">ifrågasättas</a> och tas bort utan att det behöver diskuteras på <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diskussion:Urskog&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Diskussion:Urskog [inte skriven än]">diskussionssidan</a>.</small></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Urskog.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Urskog.png/200px-Urskog.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Urskog.png/300px-Urskog.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Urskog.png/400px-Urskog.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="525" /></a><figcaption>Exempel på urskog vid <a href="/wiki/Norge" title="Norge">Norges</a> västkust.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Berge_naturreservat_omkullfallet_liten_tall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Berge_naturreservat_omkullfallet_liten_tall.jpg/200px-Berge_naturreservat_omkullfallet_liten_tall.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="301" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Berge_naturreservat_omkullfallet_liten_tall.jpg/300px-Berge_naturreservat_omkullfallet_liten_tall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Berge_naturreservat_omkullfallet_liten_tall.jpg/400px-Berge_naturreservat_omkullfallet_liten_tall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="4288" /></a><figcaption>Bild från <a href="/wiki/Berge_urskogs_naturreservat" title="Berge urskogs naturreservat">Berge naturreservat</a> i <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A4mtland" title="Jämtland">Jämtland</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Urskog,</b> även <b>orörd skog</b>, <b>klimaxskog</b> eller <b>primärskog</b>, är en skog som uppnått väldigt hög ålder utan avsevärd mänsklig påverkan, och uppvisar därmed hög biologisk mångfald och säregna ekologiska drag<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. I Sverige talar man främst om naturskog, såsom barrnaturskog<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, lövnaturskog<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> och ädellövnaturskog<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, medan <a href="/wiki/FN:s_livsmedels-_och_jordbruksorganisation" title="FN:s livsmedels- och jordbruksorganisation">FN:s livsmedels- och jordbruksorganisation</a> (FAO) definierar urskog som skogar som naturligt uppkommit med inhemska arter utan synlig påverkan av mänsklig aktivitet och där ekologiska processer tillåts förbli ostörda<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> även om definitionen varierar från land till land. Cirka en tredjedel av världens skogar uppskattas vara urskog.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Karaktärsdrag för dessa naturtyper är bland annat åldersrelaterade drag som först uppstår när träd når en hög ålder, stora skillnader i ålder, höjd och tjocklek bland träden, stora mängder död ved av olika storlek och arter som kräver naturliga tillstånd som varit relativt oförändrade under mycket lång tid. </p><p>Urskogar och naturskogar är mycket värdefulla för ekosystemtjänsterna de bidrar med, vilket kan stå i motsats till skogsindustrin som önskar skörda virke av hög kvalitet medan somliga söker bevara skogarna i deras ofördärvade tillstånd för renande av vatten<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, flödeskontroll av regn och översvämning<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, bevarande av näringscykler (såsom <a href="/wiki/Kv%C3%A4vets_kretslopp" title="Kvävets kretslopp">kvävecykeln</a> och <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fosforcykeln&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Fosforcykeln [inte skriven än]">fosforcykeln</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/Kols%C3%A4nka" title="Kolsänka">kolsänkning</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, forskning, allmän hälsa<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/Luftf%C3%B6roreningar" title="Luftföroreningar">luftkvalitet</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/Friluftsliv" title="Friluftsliv">friluftsliv</a>, källor till <a href="/wiki/Genetisk_variation" title="Genetisk variation">genetisk mångfald</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/Pollinering" title="Pollinering">pollinering</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/Ekoturism" title="Ekoturism">ekoturism</a><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, jordkvalitet<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> eller för naturens och den biologiska mångfaldens <a href="/wiki/Egenv%C3%A4rde_(filosofi)" title="Egenvärde (filosofi)">egenvärde</a>. Urskogarna runtom i världen blir trots detta allt mer sällsynta på grund av <a href="/wiki/Avverkning" title="Avverkning">skogsavverkning</a><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, expansion av djurhållning och jordbruk i tropiska områden driven särskilt av soja-och palmoljeodling<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, gruvdrift och urbanisering. </p><p>I <a href="/wiki/Skandinavien" title="Skandinavien">Skandinavien</a> finns mindre partier urskog kvar, främst i <a href="/wiki/Fj%C3%A4ll" title="Fjäll">fjällområden</a>. I Sverige utgörs cirka 0,3% av skogsarealen av urskog<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Det rör sig oftast om <a href="/wiki/Fj%C3%A4llbj%C3%B6rk" title="Fjällbjörk">fjällbjörkskog</a> och fjällnära <a href="/wiki/Barrskog" title="Barrskog">barrskog</a>, men små nyckelbiotoper av äldre skogar finns utspridda i hela Sverige<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Exempel_på_urskogar"><span id="Exempel_p.C3.A5_urskogar"></span>Exempel på urskogar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urskog&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Exempel på urskogar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urskog&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Exempel på urskogar"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bialowiezaskogen" class="mw-redirect" title="Bialowiezaskogen">Bialowiezaskogen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rautas_fj%C3%A4llurskog" title="Rautas fjällurskog">Rautas fjällurskog</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Se_även"><span id="Se_.C3.A4ven"></span>Se även</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urskog&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Se även" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urskog&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Se även"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gammelskog" title="Gammelskog">Gammelskog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naturskog" title="Naturskog">Naturskog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fj%C3%A4lln%C3%A4ra_skog" title="Fjällnära skog">Fjällnära skog</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referenser">Referenser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urskog&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Redigera avsnitt: Referenser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urskog&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Referenser"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="journal" id="CITEREFDavid_L._White">David L. White&#32;(1994).&#32;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fs.usda.gov/research/treesearch/741">”Defining Old Growth: Implications For Management”</a>.&#32;<i>Paper Presented at the Eighth Biennial Southern Silvicultural Research Conference, Auburn, al, Nov. L-3, 1994</i>&#32;(U.S Department of Agriculture)<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.fs.usda.gov/research/treesearch/741">https://www.fs.usda.gov/research/treesearch/741</a></span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Defining+Old+Growth%3A+Implications+For+Management&amp;rft.jtitle=Paper+Presented+at+the+Eighth+Biennial+Southern+Silvicultural+Research+Conference%2C+Auburn%2C+al%2C+Nov.+L-3%2C+1994&amp;rft.aulast=David+L.+White&amp;rft.au=David+L.+White&amp;rft.date=1994&amp;rft.pub=U.S+Department+of+Agriculture&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fs.usda.gov%2Fresearch%2Ftreesearch%2F741&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Urskog"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230807155410/https://www.skogsstyrelsen.se/miljo-och-klimat/biologisk-mangfald/nyckelbiotoper/biotoptyper/barrnaturskog/">”Barrnaturskog”</a>. Skogsstyrelsen. 20 mars 2023. Arkiverad från <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.skogsstyrelsen.se/miljo-och-klimat/biologisk-mangfald/nyckelbiotoper/biotoptyper/barrnaturskog/">originalet</a>&#32;den 7 augusti 2023<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230807155410/https://www.skogsstyrelsen.se/miljo-och-klimat/biologisk-mangfald/nyckelbiotoper/biotoptyper/barrnaturskog/">https://web.archive.org/web/20230807155410/https://www.skogsstyrelsen.se/miljo-och-klimat/biologisk-mangfald/nyckelbiotoper/biotoptyper/barrnaturskog/</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">.&#32;Läst 7 augusti 2023</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=Barrnaturskog&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft.date=20+mars+2023&amp;rft.pub=Skogsstyrelsen&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20230807155410%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.skogsstyrelsen.se%2Fmiljo-och-klimat%2Fbiologisk-mangfald%2Fnyckelbiotoper%2Fbiotoptyper%2Fbarrnaturskog%2F&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Urskog"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230807155406/https://www.skogsstyrelsen.se/miljo-och-klimat/biologisk-mangfald/nyckelbiotoper/biotoptyper/lovnaturskog/">”Lövnaturskog”</a>. Skogsstyrelsen. 20 mars 2023. Arkiverad från <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.skogsstyrelsen.se/miljo-och-klimat/biologisk-mangfald/nyckelbiotoper/biotoptyper/lovnaturskog/">originalet</a>&#32;den 7 augusti 2023<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230807155406/https://www.skogsstyrelsen.se/miljo-och-klimat/biologisk-mangfald/nyckelbiotoper/biotoptyper/lovnaturskog/">https://web.archive.org/web/20230807155406/https://www.skogsstyrelsen.se/miljo-och-klimat/biologisk-mangfald/nyckelbiotoper/biotoptyper/lovnaturskog/</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">.&#32;Läst 7 augusti 2023</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=L%C3%B6vnaturskog&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft.date=20+mars+2023&amp;rft.pub=Skogsstyrelsen&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20230807155406%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.skogsstyrelsen.se%2Fmiljo-och-klimat%2Fbiologisk-mangfald%2Fnyckelbiotoper%2Fbiotoptyper%2Flovnaturskog%2F&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Urskog"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230807155407/https://www.skogsstyrelsen.se/miljo-och-klimat/biologisk-mangfald/nyckelbiotoper/biotoptyper/adellovnaturskog/">”Ädellövnaturskog”</a>. Skogsstyrelsen. 20 mars 2023. Arkiverad från <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.skogsstyrelsen.se/miljo-och-klimat/biologisk-mangfald/nyckelbiotoper/biotoptyper/adellovnaturskog/">originalet</a>&#32;den 7 augusti 2023<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230807155407/https://www.skogsstyrelsen.se/miljo-och-klimat/biologisk-mangfald/nyckelbiotoper/biotoptyper/adellovnaturskog/">https://web.archive.org/web/20230807155407/https://www.skogsstyrelsen.se/miljo-och-klimat/biologisk-mangfald/nyckelbiotoper/biotoptyper/adellovnaturskog/</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">.&#32;Läst 7 augusti 2023</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=%C3%84dell%C3%B6vnaturskog&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft.date=20+mars+2023&amp;rft.pub=Skogsstyrelsen&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20230807155407%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.skogsstyrelsen.se%2Fmiljo-och-klimat%2Fbiologisk-mangfald%2Fnyckelbiotoper%2Fbiotoptyper%2Fadellovnaturskog%2F&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Urskog"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="journal">&#32;<i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fao.org/3/Y4171E/Y4171E34.htm#p5639_362603">SECOND EXPERT MEETING ON HARMONIZING FOREST-RELATED DEFINITIONS FOR USE BY VARIOUS STAKEHOLDERS</a></i>. FAO - Food and Agriculture Adinistration of the United Nations. 2002. sid.&#160;ANNEX VII - Old-Growth Forest<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.fao.org/3/Y4171E/Y4171E34.htm#p5639_362603">https://www.fao.org/3/Y4171E/Y4171E34.htm#p5639_362603</a></span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=SECOND+EXPERT+MEETING+ON+HARMONIZING+FOREST-RELATED+DEFINITIONS+FOR+USE+BY+VARIOUS+STAKEHOLDERS&amp;rft.date=2002&amp;rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3BANNEX+VII+-+Old-Growth+Forest&amp;rft.pub=FAO+-+Food+and+Agriculture+Adinistration+of+the+United+Nations&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fao.org%2F3%2FY4171E%2FY4171E34.htm%23p5639_362603&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Urskog"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en?details=ca8985en">”Publication preview page | FAO | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations”</a>&#32;(på engelska).&#32;<i><span>FAODocuments</span></i>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.4060%2Fca8985en">10.4060/ca8985en</a></span><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en?details=ca8985en">https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en?details=ca8985en</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">.&#32;Läst 1 maj 2023</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=Publication+preview+page+%7C+FAO+%7C+Food+and+Agriculture+Organization+of+the+United+Nations&amp;rft.atitle=FAODocuments&amp;rft_id=info:doi/10.4060%2Fca8985en&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fao.org%2Fdocuments%2Fcard%2Fen%3Fdetails%3Dca8985en&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Urskog"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="journal" id="CITEREFS._Stolton_N._Dudley">S. Stolton N. Dudley&#32;(2007).&#32;[<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.fao.org/3/a1598e/a1598e10.pdf">https://www.fao.org/3/a1598e/a1598e10.pdf</a> ”Managing forests for cleaner water for urban populations”].&#32;<i>Unasylvia 229, Vol. 58, s. 39-43. 2007</i>&#32;(FN:s livsmedels- och jordbruksorganisation)<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.fao.org/3/a1598e/a1598e10.pdf">https://www.fao.org/3/a1598e/a1598e10.pdf</a></span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Managing+forests+for+cleaner+water%0Afor+urban+populations&amp;rft.jtitle=Unasylvia++229%2C+Vol.+58%2C+s.+39-43.+2007&amp;rft.aulast=S.+Stolton%0AN.+Dudley&amp;rft.au=S.+Stolton%0AN.+Dudley&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.pub=FN%3As+livsmedels-+och+jordbruksorganisation&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fao.org%2F3%2Fa1598e%2Fa1598e10.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Urskog"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/highlights/forests-can-help-prevent-floods">”Forests can help prevent floods and droughts — European Environment Agency”</a>&#32;(på engelska).&#32;<i><span>www.eea.europa.eu</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/highlights/forests-can-help-prevent-floods">https://www.eea.europa.eu/highlights/forests-can-help-prevent-floods</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">.&#32;Läst 9 maj 2023</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=Forests+can+help+prevent+floods+and+droughts+%E2%80%94+European+Environment+Agency&amp;rft.atitle=www.eea.europa.eu&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eea.europa.eu%2Fhighlights%2Fforests-can-help-prevent-floods&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Urskog"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="journal" id="CITEREFFigueiredoEnrich-PrastRütting2019-06-12">Figueiredo, Viviane; Enrich-Prast, Alex; Rütting, Tobias&#32;(2019-06-12).&#32;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-43963-4">”Evolution of nitrogen cycling in regrowing Amazonian rainforest”</a>&#32;(på engelska).&#32;<i>Scientific Reports</i>&#32;9&#32;(1): sid.&#160;8538. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41598-019-43963-4">10.1038/s41598-019-43963-4</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/2045-2322">2045-2322</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-43963-4">https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-43963-4</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">.&#32;Läst 9 maj 2023</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Evolution+of+nitrogen+cycling+in+regrowing+Amazonian+rainforest&amp;rft.jtitle=Scientific+Reports&amp;rft.aulast=Figueiredo&amp;rft.aufirst=Viviane&amp;rft.au=Figueiredo%2C+Viviane&amp;rft.au=Enrich-Prast%2C+Alex&amp;rft.au=R%C3%BCtting%2C+Tobias&amp;rft.date=2019-06-12&amp;rft.volume=9&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B8538&amp;rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fs41598-019-43963-4&amp;rft.issn=2045-2322&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Farticles%2Fs41598-019-43963-4&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Urskog"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="journal" id="CITEREFGilhen-BakerRovielloBeresford-KroegerRoviello2022-04">Gilhen-Baker, Melinda; Roviello, Valentina; Beresford-Kroeger, Diana; Roviello, Giovanni N.&#32;(2022-04).&#32;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10311-021-01372-y">”Old growth forests and large old trees as critical organisms connecting ecosystems and human health. A review”</a>&#32;(på engelska).&#32;<i>Environmental Chemistry Letters</i>&#32;20&#32;(2): sid.&#160;1529–1538. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10311-021-01372-y">10.1007/s10311-021-01372-y</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/1610-3653">1610-3653</a>. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35002589?dopt=Abstract" class="extiw" title="pmid:35002589">PMID 35002589</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMCPMC8728480">PMC8728480</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10311-021-01372-y">https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10311-021-01372-y</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">.&#32;Läst 9 maj 2023</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Old+growth+forests+and+large+old+trees+as+critical+organisms+connecting+ecosystems+and+human+health.+A+review&amp;rft.jtitle=Environmental+Chemistry+Letters&amp;rft.aulast=Gilhen-Baker&amp;rft.aufirst=Melinda&amp;rft.au=Gilhen-Baker%2C+Melinda&amp;rft.au=Roviello%2C+Valentina&amp;rft.au=Beresford-Kroeger%2C+Diana&amp;rft.au=Roviello%2C+Giovanni+N.&amp;rft.date=2022-04&amp;rft.volume=20&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B1529%E2%80%931538&amp;rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs10311-021-01372-y&amp;rft_id=info:pmid/35002589&amp;rft.issn=1610-3653&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2F10.1007%2Fs10311-021-01372-y&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Urskog"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Craig Beatty <i>et al</i>. 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World Wildlife Foundation (<b>WWF</b>)<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/359399591_The_Vitality_of_Forests_Illustrating_the_Evidence_Connecting_Forests_and_Human_Health">https://www.researchgate.net/publication/359399591_The_Vitality_of_Forests_Illustrating_the_Evidence_Connecting_Forests_and_Human_Health</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="journal" id="CITEREFBaróChaparroGómez-BaggethunLangemeyer2014-05-01">Baró, Francesc; Chaparro, Lydia; Gómez-Baggethun, Erik; Langemeyer, Johannes; Nowak, David J.; Terradas, Jaume&#32;(2014-05-01).&#32;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-014-0507-x">”Contribution of Ecosystem Services to Air Quality and Climate Change Mitigation Policies: The Case of Urban Forests in Barcelona, Spain”</a>&#32;(på engelska).&#32;<i>AMBIO</i>&#32;43&#32;(4): sid.&#160;466–479. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs13280-014-0507-x">10.1007/s13280-014-0507-x</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/1654-7209">1654-7209</a>. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24740618?dopt=Abstract" class="extiw" title="pmid:24740618">PMID 24740618</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMCPMC3989519">PMC3989519</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-014-0507-x">https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-014-0507-x</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">.&#32;Läst 9 maj 2023</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Contribution+of+Ecosystem+Services+to+Air+Quality+and+Climate+Change+Mitigation+Policies%3A+The+Case+of+Urban+Forests+in+Barcelona%2C+Spain&amp;rft.jtitle=AMBIO&amp;rft.aulast=Bar%C3%B3&amp;rft.aufirst=Francesc&amp;rft.au=Bar%C3%B3%2C+Francesc&amp;rft.au=Chaparro%2C+Lydia&amp;rft.au=G%C3%B3mez-Baggethun%2C+Erik&amp;rft.au=Langemeyer%2C+Johannes&amp;rft.au=Nowak%2C+David+J.&amp;rft.au=Terradas%2C+Jaume&amp;rft.date=2014-05-01&amp;rft.volume=43&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B466%E2%80%93479&amp;rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs13280-014-0507-x&amp;rft_id=info:pmid/24740618&amp;rft.issn=1654-7209&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1007%2Fs13280-014-0507-x&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Urskog"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="journal" id="CITEREFOzkayaErdin2020-01">Ozkaya, Gokhan; Erdin, Ceren&#32;(2020-01).&#32;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/24/10588">”Evaluation of Sustainable Forest and Air Quality Management and the Current Situation in Europe through Operation Research Methods”</a>&#32;(på engelska).&#32;<i>Sustainability</i>&#32;12&#32;(24): sid.&#160;10588. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3390%2Fsu122410588">10.3390/su122410588</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/2071-1050">2071-1050</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/24/10588">https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/24/10588</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">.&#32;Läst 9 maj 2023</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+Sustainable+Forest+and+Air+Quality+Management+and+the+Current+Situation+in+Europe+through+Operation+Research+Methods&amp;rft.jtitle=Sustainability&amp;rft.aulast=Ozkaya&amp;rft.aufirst=Gokhan&amp;rft.au=Ozkaya%2C+Gokhan&amp;rft.au=Erdin%2C+Ceren&amp;rft.date=2020-01&amp;rft.volume=12&amp;rft.issue=24&amp;rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B10588&amp;rft_id=info:doi/10.3390%2Fsu122410588&amp;rft.issn=2071-1050&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mdpi.com%2F2071-1050%2F12%2F24%2F10588&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Urskog"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="journal" id="CITEREFRajoraZinck2021-08-12">Rajora, Om P.; Zinck, John W. R.&#32;(2021-08-12).&#32;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2021.650299/full">”Genetic Diversity, Structure and Effective Population Size of Old-Growth vs. Second-Growth Populations of Keystone and Long-Lived Conifer, Eastern White Pine (Pinus strobus): Conservation Value and Climate Adaptation Potential”</a>.&#32;<i>Frontiers in Genetics</i>&#32;12: sid.&#160;650299. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3389%2Ffgene.2021.650299">10.3389/fgene.2021.650299</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/1664-8021">1664-8021</a>. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34456961?dopt=Abstract" class="extiw" title="pmid:34456961">PMID 34456961</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMCPMC8388927">PMC8388927</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2021.650299/full">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2021.650299/full</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">.&#32;Läst 9 maj 2023</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Genetic+Diversity%2C+Structure+and+Effective+Population+Size+of+Old-Growth+vs.+Second-Growth+Populations+of+Keystone+and+Long-Lived+Conifer%2C+Eastern+White+Pine+%28Pinus+strobus%29%3A+Conservation+Value+and+Climate+Adaptation+Potential&amp;rft.jtitle=Frontiers+in+Genetics&amp;rft.aulast=Rajora&amp;rft.aufirst=Om+P.&amp;rft.au=Rajora%2C+Om+P.&amp;rft.au=Zinck%2C+John+W.+R.&amp;rft.date=2021-08-12&amp;rft.volume=12&amp;rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B650299&amp;rft_id=info:doi/10.3389%2Ffgene.2021.650299&amp;rft_id=info:pmid/34456961&amp;rft.issn=1664-8021&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.frontiersin.org%2Farticles%2F10.3389%2Ffgene.2021.650299%2Ffull&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Urskog"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="journal" id="CITEREFBrockerhoffBarbaroCastagneyrolForrester2017-12-01">Brockerhoff, Eckehard G.; Barbaro, Luc; Castagneyrol, Bastien; Forrester, David I.; Gardiner, Barry; González-Olabarria, José Ramón&#32;(2017-12-01).&#32;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-017-1453-2">”Forest biodiversity, ecosystem functioning and the provision of ecosystem services”</a>&#32;(på engelska).&#32;<i>Biodiversity and Conservation</i>&#32;26&#32;(13): sid.&#160;3005–3035. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10531-017-1453-2">10.1007/s10531-017-1453-2</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/1572-9710">1572-9710</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-017-1453-2">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-017-1453-2</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">.&#32;Läst 24 november 2023</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Forest+biodiversity%2C+ecosystem+functioning+and+the+provision+of+ecosystem+services&amp;rft.jtitle=Biodiversity+and+Conservation&amp;rft.aulast=Brockerhoff&amp;rft.aufirst=Eckehard+G.&amp;rft.au=Brockerhoff%2C+Eckehard+G.&amp;rft.au=Barbaro%2C+Luc&amp;rft.au=Castagneyrol%2C+Bastien&amp;rft.au=Forrester%2C+David+I.&amp;rft.au=Gardiner%2C+Barry&amp;rft.au=Gonz%C3%A1lez-Olabarria%2C+Jos%C3%A9+Ram%C3%B3n&amp;rft.date=2017-12-01&amp;rft.volume=26&amp;rft.issue=13&amp;rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B3005%E2%80%933035&amp;rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs10531-017-1453-2&amp;rft.issn=1572-9710&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1007%2Fs10531-017-1453-2&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Urskog"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="journal" id="CITEREFGul_Gunes">Gul Gunes&#32;(200708-01).&#32;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bioone.org/journals/Mountain-Research-and-Development/volume-27/issue-3/mrd.0926/Ecotourism-in-Old-growth-Forests-in-Turkey--The-Kure/10.1659/mrd.0926.full">”Ecotourism in Old-growth Forests in Turkey: The Kure Mountains Experience”</a>.&#32;<i>Mountain Research and Development, Vol. 27. No 3. August 2007</i>&#32;(BioOne)<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://bioone.org/journals/Mountain-Research-and-Development/volume-27/issue-3/mrd.0926/Ecotourism-in-Old-growth-Forests-in-Turkey--The-Kure/10.1659/mrd.0926.full">https://bioone.org/journals/Mountain-Research-and-Development/volume-27/issue-3/mrd.0926/Ecotourism-in-Old-growth-Forests-in-Turkey--The-Kure/10.1659/mrd.0926.full</a></span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Ecotourism+in+Old-growth+Forests+in+Turkey%3A+The+Kure+Mountains+Experience&amp;rft.jtitle=Mountain+Research+and+Development%2C+Vol.+27.+No+3.+August+2007&amp;rft.aulast=Gul+Gunes&amp;rft.au=Gul+Gunes&amp;rft.date=200708-01&amp;rft.pub=BioOne&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbioone.org%2Fjournals%2FMountain-Research-and-Development%2Fvolume-27%2Fissue-3%2Fmrd.0926%2FEcotourism-in-Old-growth-Forests-in-Turkey--The-Kure%2F10.1659%2Fmrd.0926.full&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Urskog"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="journal" id="CITEREFXiongLiuZhouDeng2021-09-08">Xiong, Xin; Liu, Juxiu; Zhou, Guoyi; Deng, Qi; Zhang, Huiling; Chu, Guowei&#32;(2021-09-08).&#32;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s40663-021-00337-5">”Reduced turnover rate of topsoil organic carbon in old-growth forests: a case study in subtropical China”</a>.&#32;<i>Forest Ecosystems</i>&#32;8&#32;(1): sid.&#160;58. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1186%2Fs40663-021-00337-5">10.1186/s40663-021-00337-5</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/2197-5620">2197-5620</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s40663-021-00337-5">https://doi.org/10.1186/s40663-021-00337-5</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">.&#32;Läst 9 maj 2023</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Reduced+turnover+rate+of+topsoil+organic+carbon+in+old-growth+forests%3A+a+case+study+in+subtropical+China&amp;rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecosystems&amp;rft.aulast=Xiong&amp;rft.aufirst=Xin&amp;rft.au=Xiong%2C+Xin&amp;rft.au=Liu%2C+Juxiu&amp;rft.au=Zhou%2C+Guoyi&amp;rft.au=Deng%2C+Qi&amp;rft.au=Zhang%2C+Huiling&amp;rft.au=Chu%2C+Guowei&amp;rft.date=2021-09-08&amp;rft.volume=8&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B58&amp;rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2Fs40663-021-00337-5&amp;rft.issn=2197-5620&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1186%2Fs40663-021-00337-5&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Urskog"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="journal" id="CITEREFXiongZhouZhang2020-12">Xiong, Xin; Zhou, Guoyi; Zhang, Deqiang&#32;(2020-12). Guiyao Zhou. red.&#32;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2664.13747">”Soil organic carbon accumulation modes between pioneer and old‐growth forest ecosystems”</a>&#32;(på engelska).&#32;<i>Journal of Applied Ecology</i>&#32;57&#32;(12): sid.&#160;2419–2428. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2F1365-2664.13747">10.1111/1365-2664.13747</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/0021-8901">0021-8901</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2664.13747">https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2664.13747</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">.&#32;Läst 9 maj 2023</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Soil+organic+carbon+accumulation+modes+between+pioneer+and+old%E2%80%90growth+forest+ecosystems&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Ecology&amp;rft.aulast=Xiong&amp;rft.aufirst=Xin&amp;rft.au=Xiong%2C+Xin&amp;rft.au=Zhou%2C+Guoyi&amp;rft.au=Zhang%2C+Deqiang&amp;rft.date=2020-12&amp;rft.volume=57&amp;rft.issue=12&amp;rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B2419%E2%80%932428&amp;rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2F1365-2664.13747&amp;rft.issn=0021-8901&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%2Fdoi%2F10.1111%2F1365-2664.13747&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Urskog"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="journal" id="CITEREFNguyen_Tien_Hoang">Nguyen Tien Hoang&#32;(29 mars 2021).&#32;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-021-01417-z">”Mapping the deforestation footprint of nations reveals growing threat to tropical forests”</a>.&#32;<i>Nature Ecology &amp; Evolution</i>&#32;(Nature Research (under Springer Nature))&#32;vol. 5 (2021): sid.&#160;sid.845–853<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-021-01417-z">https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-021-01417-z</a></span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Mapping+the+deforestation+footprint+of+nations+reveals+growing+threat+to+tropical+forests&amp;rft.jtitle=Nature+Ecology+%26+Evolution&amp;rft.aulast=Nguyen+Tien+Hoang&amp;rft.au=Nguyen+Tien+Hoang&amp;rft.date=29+mars+2021&amp;rft.volume=vol.+5+%282021%29&amp;rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3Bsid.845%E2%80%93853&amp;rft.pub=Nature+Research+%28under+Springer+Nature%29&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Farticles%2Fs41559-021-01417-z&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Urskog"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fao.org/newsroom/detail/cop26-agricultural-expansion-drives-almost-90-percent-of-global-deforestation/en">”COP26: Agricultural expansion drives almost 90 percent of global deforestation”</a>. FN:s livsmedels- och jordbruksorganisation (FAO). 6 november 2021<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.fao.org/newsroom/detail/cop26-agricultural-expansion-drives-almost-90-percent-of-global-deforestation/en">https://www.fao.org/newsroom/detail/cop26-agricultural-expansion-drives-almost-90-percent-of-global-deforestation/en</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">.&#32;Läst 12 maj 2023</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=COP26%3A+Agricultural+expansion+drives+almost+90+percent+of+global+deforestation&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft.date=6+november+2021&amp;rft.pub=FN%3As+livsmedels-+och+jordbruksorganisation+%28FAO%29&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fao.org%2Fnewsroom%2Fdetail%2Fcop26-agricultural-expansion-drives-almost-90-percent-of-global-deforestation%2Fen&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Urskog"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/148674/sizing-up-how-agriculture-connects-to-deforestation">”Sizing Up How Agriculture Connects to Deforestation”</a>. NASA Earth Observatory. 11 augusti 2021<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/148674/sizing-up-how-agriculture-connects-to-deforestation">https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/148674/sizing-up-how-agriculture-connects-to-deforestation</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">.&#32;Läst 12 maj 2023</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=Sizing+Up+How+Agriculture+Connects+to+Deforestation&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft.date=11+augusti+2021&amp;rft.pub=NASA+Earth+Observatory&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fearthobservatory.nasa.gov%2Fimages%2F148674%2Fsizing-up-how-agriculture-connects-to-deforestation&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Urskog"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web" id="CITEREFHögskolan_i_Gävle2024">Högskolan i Gävle&#32;(12 augusti 2020).&#32;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forskning.se/2020/08/10/dofter-avslojar-vilken-skog-som-ar-viktigast-att-bevara/#">”Dofter avslöjar vilken skog som är viktigast att bevara”</a>. Forskning.se<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.forskning.se/2020/08/10/dofter-avslojar-vilken-skog-som-ar-viktigast-att-bevara/#">https://www.forskning.se/2020/08/10/dofter-avslojar-vilken-skog-som-ar-viktigast-att-bevara/#</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">.&#32;Läst 12 maj 2023</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=Dofter+avsl%C3%B6jar+vilken+skog+som+%C3%A4r+viktigast+att+bevara&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft.aulast=H%C3%B6gskolan+i+G%C3%A4vle&amp;rft.au=H%C3%B6gskolan+i+G%C3%A4vle&amp;rft.date=12+augusti+2020&amp;rft.pub=Forskning.se&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forskning.se%2F2020%2F08%2F10%2Fdofter-avslojar-vilken-skog-som-ar-viktigast-att-bevara%2F%23&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Urskog"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.skogsstyrelsen.se/miljo-och-klimat/biologisk-mangfald/nyckelbiotoper/">”Nyckelbiotoper”</a>. Skogsstyrelsen.se<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.skogsstyrelsen.se/miljo-och-klimat/biologisk-mangfald/nyckelbiotoper/">https://www.skogsstyrelsen.se/miljo-och-klimat/biologisk-mangfald/nyckelbiotoper/</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">.&#32;Läst 12 maj 2023</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=Nyckelbiotoper&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft.pub=Skogsstyrelsen.se&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.skogsstyrelsen.se%2Fmiljo-och-klimat%2Fbiologisk-mangfald%2Fnyckelbiotoper%2F&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Urskog"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externa_länkar"><span id="Externa_l.C3.A4nkar"></span>Externa länkar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urskog&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Redigera avsnitt: Externa länkar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urskog&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Externa länkar"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> Wikimedia Commons har media som rör <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Primeval_forests" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Primeval forests">Urskog</a>.<div class="interProject commons" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Primeval_forests" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Primeval forests">Bilder &amp; media</a></div></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r56287950">.mw-parser-output table.navbox{border:#aaa 1px solid;width:100%;margin:auto;margin-top:1em;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output link+table.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title button,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title .mw-collapsible-text,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title a{color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks a,.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks .selflink{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;font-weight:bold;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{background:#b0c4de}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background:#d0e0f5}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background:#deeafa}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background:transparent}</style><table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0; ;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table class="collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";" colspan="3" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:3em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:80%; border:none;; color: inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Mall:Skog" title="Mall:Skog"><span title="Visa denna mall" style="border:none;;">v</span></a>&#160;<span style="font-size:80%;">•</span>&#160;<a class="external text" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mall:Skog&amp;action=edit"><span style="border:none;;" title="Redigera den här mallen">r</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Skog" title="Skog">Skog</a> och <a href="/wiki/Kategori:Skogar" title="Kategori:Skogar">skogar</a></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Skogstyper</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Barrskog" title="Barrskog">Barrskog</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Blandskog" title="Blandskog">blandskog</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span><a href="/wiki/Bl%C3%A5b%C3%A4rsgranskog" title="Blåbärsgranskog">blåbärsgranskog</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A4llmarksskog" title="Hällmarksskog">hällmarksskog</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span><a href="/wiki/Kalltempererad_barrskog" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalltempererad barrskog">kalltempererad barrskog</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span><a href="/wiki/Tajga" title="Tajga">tajga</a></i>)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span><a href="/wiki/Dv%C3%A4rgskog" title="Dvärgskog">dvärgskog</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Buskskog" title="Buskskog">buskskog</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span><a href="/wiki/Djungel" title="Djungel">djungel</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span><a href="/wiki/Dunge" title="Dunge">dunge</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span><a href="/wiki/Fj%C3%A4lln%C3%A4ra_skog" title="Fjällnära skog">fjällnära skog</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Skogstundra" title="Skogstundra">skogstundra</a></i>)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span><a href="/wiki/Galleriskog" title="Galleriskog">galleriskog</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span><a href="/wiki/L%C3%B6vskog" title="Lövskog">lövskog</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/%C3%84dell%C3%B6vskog" class="mw-redirect" title="Ädellövskog">ädellövskog</a></i>)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span><a href="/wiki/Naturskog" title="Naturskog">naturskog</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Gammelskog" title="Gammelskog">gammelskog</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">urskog</a></i>)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span><a href="/wiki/Regnskog" title="Regnskog">regnskog</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Tempererad_regnskog" title="Tempererad regnskog">tempererad regnskog</a></i>)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span><a href="/wiki/Sumpskog" title="Sumpskog">sumpskog</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/L%C3%B6vsumpskog" title="Lövsumpskog">lövsumpskog</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span><a href="/wiki/Mangrove" title="Mangrove">mangrove</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span><a href="/wiki/Sv%C3%A4mskog" title="Svämskog">svämskog</a></i>)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Virkesskog&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Virkesskog [inte skriven än]">Virkesskog</a></div></td><td style="width:0%;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;" rowspan="9"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Laubwald_8_Juni_2003.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Laubwald_8_Juni_2003.JPG/80px-Laubwald_8_Juni_2003.JPG" decoding="async" width="80" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Laubwald_8_Juni_2003.JPG/120px-Laubwald_8_Juni_2003.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Laubwald_8_Juni_2003.JPG/160px-Laubwald_8_Juni_2003.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1441" data-file-height="1122" /></a></span></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Skogar</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Er%C3%A4mark" title="Erämark">Erämark</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span><a href="/wiki/Skog_i_Sverige" title="Skog i Sverige">skog i Sverige</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Kronopark" title="Kronopark">kronopark</a></i>) – <i><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Skogar" title="Kategori:Skogar">kategori</a></i></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Odlingstyper</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Arboretum" title="Arboretum">Arboretum</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span><a href="/wiki/Energiskog" title="Energiskog">energiskog</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span><a href="/wiki/Kulturskog" title="Kulturskog">kulturskog</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span><a href="/wiki/Skogskyrkog%C3%A5rd" title="Skogskyrkogård">skogskyrkogård</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span><a href="/wiki/Skottskog" title="Skottskog">skottskog</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Skogsbrand" title="Skogsbrand">Skogsbrand</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Barkbrand" title="Barkbrand">Barkbrand</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span><a href="/wiki/Brandflyg" title="Brandflyg">brandflyg</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span><a href="/wiki/Brandf%C3%A4lt" title="Brandfält">brandfält</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span><a href="/wiki/Brandgata" class="mw-redirect" title="Brandgata">brandgata</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span><a href="/wiki/Brandljud" title="Brandljud">brandljud</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span><a href="/wiki/Brandtorn" title="Brandtorn">brandtorn</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span><a href="/wiki/Naturv%C3%A5rdsbr%C3%A4nning" title="Naturvårdsbränning">naturvårdsbränning</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span><a href="/wiki/Pyrofil_art" title="Pyrofil art">pyrofil art</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span><a href="/wiki/Torraka" title="Torraka">torraka</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span><a href="/wiki/Vattenbegjutning_fr%C3%A5n_luften" title="Vattenbegjutning från luften">vattenbegjutning från luften</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span><a href="/wiki/Vattenbombare" title="Vattenbombare">vattenbombare</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Övrigt</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Avskogning" title="Avskogning">Avskogning</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span><a href="/wiki/Skogsgl%C3%A4nta" title="Skogsglänta">skogsglänta</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span><a href="/wiki/Skogsgr%C3%A4nsen" title="Skogsgränsen">skogsgränsen</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%A4dgr%C3%A4nsen" title="Trädgränsen">trädgränsen</a></i>)</div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style=";" colspan="3">Se även <i><a 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