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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Design_considerations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Design_considerations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Design considerations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Design_considerations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kits" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kits"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Kits</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kits-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-STOLport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#STOLport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>STOLport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-STOLport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-CESTOL" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#CESTOL"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>CESTOL</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-CESTOL-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Definitions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Definitions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Definitions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Definitions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rough-field_capability" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rough-field_capability"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Rough-field capability</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Rough-field_capability-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Rough-field capability subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Rough-field_capability-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-List_of_rough-field_capable_aircraft" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_rough-field_capable_aircraft"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>List of rough-field capable aircraft</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_rough-field_capable_aircraft-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span 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Available in 24 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-24" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">24 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9_%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B7_%D9%82%D8%B5%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="إقلاع وهبوط قصير – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إقلاع وهبوط قصير" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/STOL" title="STOL – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="STOL" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/STOL" title="STOL – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="STOL" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/STOL" title="STOL – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="STOL" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/STOL" title="STOL – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="STOL" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/STOL" title="STOL – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="STOL" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D9%88_%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%87" title="برخاست و فرود کوتاه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="برخاست و فرود کوتاه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avion_%C3%A0_d%C3%A9collage_et_atterrissage_court" title="Avion à décollage et atterrissage court – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Avion à décollage et atterrissage court" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89ir%C3%AD_is_tuirlingt_ghearr" title="Éirí is tuirlingt ghearr – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Éirí is tuirlingt ghearr" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8B%A8%EA%B1%B0%EB%A6%AC_%EC%9D%B4%EC%B0%A9%EB%A5%99%EA%B8%B0" title="단거리 이착륙기 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="단거리 이착륙기" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/STOL" title="STOL – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="STOL" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/STOL" title="STOL – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="STOL" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%97%D7%99%D7%AA%D7%94_%D7%A7%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%94" title="המראה ונחיתה קצרה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="המראה ונחיתה קצרה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/STOL" title="STOL – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="STOL" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/STOL" title="STOL – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="STOL" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/STOL" title="STOL – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="STOL" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/STOL" title="STOL – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="STOL" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%91%D1%82_%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%BB%D1%91%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Самолёт укороченного взлёта и посадки – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Самолёт укороченного взлёта и посадки" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/STOL" title="STOL – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="STOL" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kratek_vzlet_in_pristanek" title="Kratek vzlet in pristanek – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kratek vzlet in pristanek" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/STOL" title="STOL – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="STOL" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/STOL" title="STOL – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="STOL" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/STOL" title="STOL – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="STOL" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%83_%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Літак скороченого зльоту та посадки – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Літак скороченого зльоту та посадки" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q832489#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/STOL" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:STOL" rel="discussion" 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Class of airplanes that are designed to takeoff and land in a short distance</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Stol_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Stol (disambiguation)">Stol (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20120902_Zenair_STOL_CH_701_Krakow_8579.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/20120902_Zenair_STOL_CH_701_Krakow_8579.jpg/260px-20120902_Zenair_STOL_CH_701_Krakow_8579.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/20120902_Zenair_STOL_CH_701_Krakow_8579.jpg/390px-20120902_Zenair_STOL_CH_701_Krakow_8579.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/20120902_Zenair_STOL_CH_701_Krakow_8579.jpg/520px-20120902_Zenair_STOL_CH_701_Krakow_8579.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="1817" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Zenith_STOL_CH701" class="mw-redirect" title="Zenith STOL CH701">Zenair CH 701</a> STOL light aircraft</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>short takeoff and landing</b> (<b>STOL</b>) <a href="/wiki/Aircraft" title="Aircraft">aircraft</a> is a <a href="/wiki/CTOL" title="CTOL">conventional</a> <a href="/wiki/Fixed-wing_aircraft" title="Fixed-wing aircraft">fixed-wing aircraft</a> that has short <a href="/wiki/Runway" title="Runway">runway</a> requirements for <a href="/wiki/Takeoff_and_landing" title="Takeoff and landing">takeoff and landing</a>. Many STOL-designed aircraft also feature various arrangements for use on <a href="/wiki/Airstrip" class="mw-redirect" title="Airstrip">airstrips</a> with harsh conditions (such as <a href="/wiki/High_altitude" class="mw-redirect" title="High altitude">high altitude</a> or ice). STOL aircraft, including those used in scheduled passenger airline operations, have also been operated from <a href="/wiki/STOLport" title="STOLport">STOLport</a> airfields which feature short runways. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design_considerations">Design considerations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=STOL&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Design considerations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/STOL" title="Special:EditPage/STOL">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:87_GAF_Nomad_22SL_Philippine_Air_Force_(7838564596).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/87_GAF_Nomad_22SL_Philippine_Air_Force_%287838564596%29.jpg/220px-87_GAF_Nomad_22SL_Philippine_Air_Force_%287838564596%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/87_GAF_Nomad_22SL_Philippine_Air_Force_%287838564596%29.jpg/330px-87_GAF_Nomad_22SL_Philippine_Air_Force_%287838564596%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/87_GAF_Nomad_22SL_Philippine_Air_Force_%287838564596%29.jpg/440px-87_GAF_Nomad_22SL_Philippine_Air_Force_%287838564596%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/GAF_Nomad" title="GAF Nomad">GAF Nomad</a> of the Philippine Air Force</figcaption></figure> <p>Many <a href="/wiki/Fixed-wing_aircraft" title="Fixed-wing aircraft">fixed-wing</a> STOL aircraft are <a href="/wiki/Bush_plane" title="Bush plane">bush planes</a>, though some, like the <a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Canada_Dash-7" class="mw-redirect" title="De Havilland Canada Dash-7">de Havilland Canada Dash-7</a>, are designed for use on prepared airstrips; likewise, many STOL aircraft are <a href="/wiki/Conventional_landing_gear" title="Conventional landing gear">taildraggers</a>, though there are exceptions like the <a href="/wiki/PAC_P-750_XSTOL" title="PAC P-750 XSTOL">PAC P-750 XSTOL</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Quest_Kodiak" class="mw-redirect" title="Quest Kodiak">Quest Kodiak</a>, the <a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Canada_DHC-6_Twin_Otter" title="De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter">de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Peterson_260SE" class="mw-redirect" title="Peterson 260SE">Peterson 260SE</a>. <a href="/wiki/Autogyro" title="Autogyro">Autogyros</a> also have STOL capability, needing a short ground roll to get airborne, but capable of a near-zero ground roll when landing.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Runway" title="Runway">Runway</a> length requirement is a function of the square of the minimum flying speed (<a href="/wiki/Stall_speed" class="mw-redirect" title="Stall speed">stall speed</a>), and most design effort is spent on reducing this number. For <a href="/wiki/Takeoff" title="Takeoff">takeoff</a>, large <a href="/wiki/Power-to-weight_ratio" title="Power-to-weight ratio">power/weight ratios</a> and low <a href="/wiki/Drag_(physics)" title="Drag (physics)">drag</a> help the plane to accelerate for flight. The landing run is minimized by strong <a href="/wiki/Brake" title="Brake">brakes</a>, low landing speed, <a href="/wiki/Thrust_reverser" class="mw-redirect" title="Thrust reverser">thrust reversers</a> or <a href="/wiki/Spoiler_(aeronautics)" title="Spoiler (aeronautics)">spoilers</a> (less common). Overall STOL performance is set by the length of runway needed to land or take off, whichever is longer.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fieseler_Storch_(7582553016).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Fieseler_Storch_%287582553016%29.jpg/220px-Fieseler_Storch_%287582553016%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Fieseler_Storch_%287582553016%29.jpg/330px-Fieseler_Storch_%287582553016%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Fieseler_Storch_%287582553016%29.jpg/440px-Fieseler_Storch_%287582553016%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4468" data-file-height="3080" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fieseler_Storch" class="mw-redirect" title="Fieseler Storch">Fieseler Storch</a> with German <a href="/wiki/Luftwaffe" title="Luftwaffe">Luftwaffe</a> markings</figcaption></figure> <p>Of equal importance to short ground run is the ability to clear obstacles, such as hills, on both take off and landing. For takeoff, large <a href="/wiki/Power-to-weight_ratio" title="Power-to-weight ratio">power/weight ratios</a> and low drag result in a high rate of climb required to clear obstacles. For landing, high drag allows the aeroplane to descend steeply to the runway without building excess speed resulting in a longer ground run. Drag is increased by use of <a href="/wiki/Flap_(aircraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Flap (aircraft)">flaps</a> (devices on the wings) and by a <a href="/wiki/Slip_(aerodynamic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Slip (aerodynamic)">forward slip</a> (causing the aeroplane to fly somewhat sideways through the air to increase drag).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Normally, a STOL aircraft will have a large <a href="/wiki/Wing" title="Wing">wing</a> for its weight. These wings often use <a href="/wiki/Aerodynamic" class="mw-redirect" title="Aerodynamic">aerodynamic</a> devices like flaps, <a href="/wiki/Leading_edge_slot" class="mw-redirect" title="Leading edge slot">slots</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leading_edge_slats" class="mw-redirect" title="Leading edge slats">slats</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vortex_generator" title="Vortex generator">vortex generators</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-gtri.gatech.edu_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gtri.gatech.edu-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Typically, designing an aircraft for excellent STOL performance reduces maximum speed, but does not reduce <a href="/wiki/Payload_(air_and_space_craft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Payload (air and space craft)">payload</a> lifting ability. The payload is critical, because many small, isolated communities rely on STOL aircraft as their only transportation link to the outside world for passengers or cargo; examples include many communities in the <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canadian north</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Most STOL aircraft can <a href="/wiki/Landing" title="Landing">land</a> either on- or off-airport. Typical off-airport landing areas include snow or ice (using skis), fields or gravel riverbanks (often using special fat, low-pressure <a href="/wiki/Tundra_tire" title="Tundra tire">tundra tires</a>), and water (using <a href="/wiki/Float_(nautical)" title="Float (nautical)">floats</a>): these areas are often extremely short and obstructed by tall trees or hills. Wheel skis and amphibious floats combine wheels with <a href="/wiki/Ski" title="Ski">skis</a> or floats, allowing the choice of landing on snow/water or a prepared runway.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kits">Kits</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=STOL&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Kits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:VortexGenerators01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/VortexGenerators01.JPG/220px-VortexGenerators01.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/VortexGenerators01.JPG/330px-VortexGenerators01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/VortexGenerators01.JPG/440px-VortexGenerators01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="749" data-file-height="562" /></a><figcaption>Micro Dynamics vortex generators mounted on the wing of a <a href="/wiki/Cessna_182" class="mw-redirect" title="Cessna 182">Cessna 182K</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A number of aircraft modification companies offer STOL kits for improving short-field performance. </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crosswinds_STOL&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crosswinds STOL (page does not exist)">Crosswinds STOL</a> of <a href="/wiki/Wasilla,_Alaska" title="Wasilla, Alaska">Wasilla, Alaska</a>, sells STOL kits for light aircraft, including <a href="/wiki/Leading_edge_cuff" class="mw-redirect" title="Leading edge cuff">leading edge cuffs</a>, tip spill plates, inboard flap extensions and STOL fences. The company offers kits for <a href="/wiki/Piper_PA-12" class="mw-redirect" title="Piper PA-12">Piper PA-12</a>, <a href="/wiki/Piper_PA-14_Family_Cruiser" title="Piper PA-14 Family Cruiser">PA-14</a>, <a href="/wiki/Piper_PA-18" class="mw-redirect" title="Piper PA-18">PA-18</a>, <a href="/wiki/Piper_PA-20_Pacer" title="Piper PA-20 Pacer">PA-20 and 22</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_Champion_Citabria" title="American Champion Citabria">Bellanca Champion Model 7 series</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cessna_170" title="Cessna 170">Cessna 170B</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cessna_180" class="mw-redirect" title="Cessna 180">180</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cessna_185" class="mw-redirect" title="Cessna 185">185</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Crosswinds_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crosswinds-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Horton,_Inc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Horton, Inc (page does not exist)">Horton, Inc</a>, of <a href="/wiki/Wellington,_Kansas" title="Wellington, Kansas">Wellington, Kansas</a>, offers STOL kits under the brand name <i>Horton STOL-Craft</i>, emphasizing that the modifications increase safety by allowing forced landings to occur at lower speeds and thus improve survivability. The Horton modifications include a drooped <a href="/wiki/Leading_edge_cuff" class="mw-redirect" title="Leading edge cuff">leading edge cuff</a>, conical cambered <a href="/wiki/Wingtip" class="mw-redirect" title="Wingtip">wingtips</a>, control surface gap seals and <a href="/wiki/Wing_fence" title="Wing fence">wing fences</a>. The company says: "On an average you can expect to get a 4-7 knot reduction in stall speeds. Flying at these lower stall speeds you can reduce the take-off and landing distances by 10%". Horton STOL kits are available for several <a href="/wiki/Cessna" title="Cessna">Cessna</a> and <a href="/wiki/Piper_PA-28" class="mw-redirect" title="Piper PA-28">Piper PA-28</a> models.<sup id="cite_ref-HortonDescription_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HortonDescription-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-HortonFAQ_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HortonFAQ-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-HortonPrice_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HortonPrice-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Micro_AeroDynamics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Micro AeroDynamics (page does not exist)">Micro AeroDynamics</a> markets <a href="/wiki/Vortex_generator" title="Vortex generator">vortex generator</a> modification kits for "STOL benefits". The Micro kits are small vortex generators that are glued to the wing leading edge, as well as the underside of the <a href="/wiki/Elevator_(aircraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Elevator (aircraft)">elevator</a> and on the fin. Kits are available for a large number of light aircraft types.<sup id="cite_ref-Micro_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Micro-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sierra_Industries&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sierra Industries (page does not exist)">Sierra Industries</a> sells Robertson STOL kits, marketed under the name R/STOL, incorporate a drooped leading edge cuff, wing fences, drooping ailerons and an automatic trim system. The company says that installation "allows 15 to 25 MPH slower approaches and requires up to 40% less runway distance". R/STOL kits are available for various Cessna models.<sup id="cite_ref-R/STOLAbout_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-R/STOLAbout-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-R/STOL_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-R/STOL-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-R/STOLMods_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-R/STOLMods-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stolairus_Aviation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stolairus Aviation (page does not exist)">Stolairus Aviation</a> of Kelowna, British Columbia, has developed STOL Kits for the <a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Canada_DHC-2_Beaver" title="De Havilland Canada DHC-2 Beaver">de Havilland Canada DHC-2 Beaver</a> and <a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Canada_DHC-3_Otter" title="De Havilland Canada DHC-3 Otter">de Havilland Canada DHC-3 Otter</a> to increase lift and reduce stall speeds. The DHC-2 Beaver STOL Kit includes a contoured leading edge, flap-gap seals, wing fences and drooped wingtips. The DHC-3 Otter STOL Kit includes a contoured leading edge and drooped wingtips.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="STOLport">STOLport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=STOL&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: STOLport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/STOLport" title="STOLport">STOLport</a></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/STOLport" title="STOLport">STOLport</a> is an airport designed with STOL operations in mind, normally having a short single runway.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>STOLports are not common but can be found, for example, at <a href="/wiki/London_City_Airport" title="London City Airport">London City Airport</a> in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>. There were also several STOLports in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> that were used for scheduled passenger airline operations but are now no longer in existence. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="CESTOL">CESTOL</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=STOL&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: CESTOL"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Cruise_(aeronautics)" title="Cruise (aeronautics)">Cruise</a>-efficient short takeoff and landing (CESTOL), is an aircraft with both very short runway requirements and high cruise speeds (greater than <a href="/wiki/Mach_number" title="Mach number">Mach</a> 0.8).<sup id="cite_ref-gtri.gatech.edu_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gtri.gatech.edu-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definitions">Definitions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=STOL&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Definitions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many different definitions of STOL have been used by different authorities and nations at various times and for a myriad of regulatory and military purposes.<sup id="cite_ref-Columbia_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Columbia-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some accepted definitions of STOL include: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>short takeoff and landing: (<a href="/wiki/US_Department_of_Defense" class="mw-redirect" title="US Department of Defense">DOD</a>/<a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a>) The ability of an aircraft to clear a 50-foot (15 meters) obstacle within 1,500 feet (450 meters) of commencing takeoff or in landing, to stop within 1,500 feet (450 meters) after passing over a 50-foot (15 meters) obstacle. Also called STOL.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms (JP 1-02)<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>STOL (Short Take Off and Landing). STOL performance of an aircraft is the ability of aircraft to take off and clear a 50-foot obstruction in a distance of 1,500 feet from beginning the takeoff run. It must also be able to stop within 1,500 feet after crossing a 50-foot obstacle on landing.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><i>Dictionary of Aeronautical Terms</i><sup id="cite_ref-Crane_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crane-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>An aircraft that, at some weight within its approved operating weight, is capable of operating from a STOL runway in compliance with the applicable STOL characteristics and airworthiness, operations, noise, and pollution standards" and ""aircraft" means any machine capable of deriving support in the atmosphere</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Transport_Canada" title="Transport Canada">Transport Canada</a><sup id="cite_ref-TransportCanada_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TransportCanada-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AeronauticsAct_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AeronauticsAct-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Arizona_Department_of_Transportation" title="Arizona Department of Transportation">Arizona Department of Transportation</a><sup id="cite_ref-ADT_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ADT-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>A STOL aircraft is an aircraft with a certified performance capability to execute approaches along a glideslope of 6 degrees or steeper and to execute missed approaches at a climb gradient sufficient to clear a 15:1 missed approach surface at sea level... A STOL runway is one which is specifically designated and marked for STOL aircraft operations, and designed and maintained to specified standards.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>US <a href="/wiki/Federal_Aviation_Administration" title="Federal Aviation Administration">Federal Aviation Administration</a><sup id="cite_ref-USDOT_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USDOT-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Heavier-than-air craft that cannot take off and land vertically, but can operate within areas substantially more confined than those normally required by aircraft of the same size. Derived from short takeoff and landing aircraft.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific & Technical Terms<sup id="cite_ref-McGrawHill_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McGrawHill-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>short takeoff and landing aircraft (STOL), heavier-than-air craft, capable of rising from and descending to the ground with only a short length of runway, but incapable of doing so vertically. The precise definition of an STOL aircraft has not been universally agreed upon. However, it has been tentatively defined as an aircraft that upon taking off needs only 1,000 ft (305 m) of runway to clear a 50-ft (15-m) obstacle at the end of that distance and upon landing can clear the same obstacle and then land within 1,000 ft.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Columbia Encyclopedia<sup id="cite_ref-Columbia_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Columbia-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The STOL mode of flight is one during which an airplane taking off or landing is operated at climb-out and approach speeds lower than the conventionally accepted margins of airspeed above the power-off stalling speed of the airplane.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Lieutenant Colonel Walter P. Maiersperger, USAF (Ret)<sup id="cite_ref-Maiersperger_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maiersperger-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>Additionally, some aircraft manufacturers market their products as STOL without providing evidence that the aircraft meets any accepted definition.<sup id="cite_ref-FisherHorizon1_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FisherHorizon1-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rough-field_capability">Rough-field capability</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=STOL&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Rough-field capability"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In aviation, rough-field capability is the ability for an aircraft to land/take-off from an unprepared/damaged (usually short) runway or grass field, highway, wasteland etc.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Bundling_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This claim has too many footnotes for reading to be smooth. (January 2025)">excessive citations</span></a></i>]</sup> Rough-field capable aircraft usually have high wings and reinforced landing gear and STOL capability. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="List_of_rough-field_capable_aircraft">List of rough-field capable aircraft</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=STOL&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: List of rough-field capable aircraft"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AHRLAC_Holdings_Ahrlac" title="AHRLAC Holdings Ahrlac">AHRLAC Holdings Ahrlac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airbus_A400M" class="mw-redirect" title="Airbus A400M">Airbus A400M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arado_Ar_232_Tausendf%C3%BC%C3%9Fler" title="Arado Ar 232 Tausendfüßler">Arado Ar 232 Tausendfüßler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Aerospace_125" title="British Aerospace 125">British Aerospace 125</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cessna_A-37_Dragonfly" title="Cessna A-37 Dragonfly">Cessna A-37 Dragonfly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cessna_Caravan" class="mw-redirect" title="Cessna Caravan">Cessna Caravan</a><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Atomics_Mojave" title="General Atomics Mojave">General Atomics Mojave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics_F-111_Aardvark" title="General Dynamics F-111 Aardvark">General Dynamics F-111 Aardvark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAC_P-750_XSTOL" title="PAC P-750 XSTOL">PAC P-750 XSTOL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilatus_PC-24" title="Pilatus PC-24">Pilatus PC-24</a><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SEPECAT_Jaguar" title="SEPECAT Jaguar">SEPECAT Jaguar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhoi_Su-7" title="Sukhoi Su-7">Sukhoi Su-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-142" title="Tupolev Tu-142">Tupolev Tu-142</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=STOL&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_STOL_aircraft" title="List of STOL aircraft">List of STOL aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESTOLAS" title="ESTOLAS">ESTOLAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VTOL" title="VTOL">VTOL</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=STOL&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vikingair.com/twin-otter-series-400/twin-otter-answers/what%E2%80%99s-definition-stol-aviation">"What's the definition of STOL in aviation?"</a>. <i>Viking Air Ltd</i>. 2015-12-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-10-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Horizon+1&rft.au=Fisher+Flying+Products&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fisherflying.com%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D40%26Itemid%3D22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASTOL" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Directory of the World's Weapons Hardcover – 1 Jan. 1996, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1856053482" title="Special:BookSources/1856053482">1856053482</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flyingmag.com/technique-proficiency-short-and-rough-field-landings/">"Short and Rough Field Landings"</a>. <i>FLYING Magazine</i>. 2012-12-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Warrendale, PA: SAE Technical Paper.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Soft+and+Rough+Field+Landing+Gears&rft.place=Warrendale%2C+PA&rft.pub=SAE+Technical+Paper&rft.date=1965-10-04&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=W.+W.&rft.au=Williams%2C+G.+K.&rft.au=Garrard%2C+W.+C.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sae.org%2Fpublications%2Ftechnical-papers%2Fcontent%2F650844%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASTOL" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaminski-Morrow" class="citation web cs1">Kaminski-Morrow, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flightglobal.com/video-an-148-performs-rough-field-demonstration/111924.article">"VIDEO: An-148 performs rough-field demonstration"</a>. <i>Flight Global</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-01-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Flight+Global&rft.atitle=VIDEO%3A+An-148+performs+rough-field+demonstration&rft.aulast=Kaminski-Morrow&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.flightglobal.com%2Fvideo-an-148-performs-rough-field-demonstration%2F111924.article&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASTOL" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aviationweek.com/defense/aircraft-propulsion/japan-evaluates-c-2s-rough-field-performance">"Japan Evaluates C-2's Rough-Field Performance | Aviation Week Network"</a>. <i>aviationweek.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-01-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=publications.parliament.uk&rft.atitle=House+of+Commons+-+Defence+-+Written+Evidence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublications.parliament.uk%2Fpa%2Fcm200607%2Fcmselect%2Fcmdfence%2F462%2F462we02.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASTOL" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPollackUrch1991" class="citation report cs1">Pollack, Henry M.; Urch, Ralph E. (1991-04-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sae.org/publications/technical-papers/content/911199/">Landing Gear Design Requirements for Bomb-Damaged Runway Operations</a> (Report). Warrendale, PA: SAE Technical Paper.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Landing+Gear+Design+Requirements+for+Bomb-Damaged+Runway+Operations&rft.place=Warrendale%2C+PA&rft.pub=SAE+Technical+Paper&rft.date=1991-04-01&rft.aulast=Pollack&rft.aufirst=Henry+M.&rft.au=Urch%2C+Ralph+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sae.org%2Fpublications%2Ftechnical-papers%2Fcontent%2F911199%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASTOL" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cessna.txtav.com/en/turboprop/caravan">"Cessna Caravan Turboprop | Textron Aviation"</a>. <i>cessna.txtav.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-01-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cessna.txtav.com&rft.atitle=Cessna+Caravan+Turboprop+%7C+Textron+Aviation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcessna.txtav.com%2Fen%2Fturboprop%2Fcaravan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASTOL" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pilatus-aircraft.com/en/news-events/media-release/pc-24-certified-for-take-offs-and-landings-on-unpaved-runways-plus-steep-approaches">"PC-24 Rough Field Certification Campaign Brought to a Successful Conclusion | Pilatus Aircraft Ltd"</a>. <i>www.pilatus-aircraft.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-01-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.pilatus-aircraft.com&rft.atitle=PC-24+Rough+Field+Certification+Campaign+Brought+to+a+Successful+Conclusion+%7C+Pilatus+Aircraft+Ltd&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pilatus-aircraft.com%2Fen%2Fnews-events%2Fmedia-release%2Fpc-24-certified-for-take-offs-and-landings-on-unpaved-runways-plus-steep-approaches&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASTOL" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=STOL&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External videos</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flyingmag.com/videos/video-channel/just-aircraft-superstol-short-takeoff-and-landing?con=outbrain&obref=obnetwork&src=related&con=outbrain&obref=obnetwork">STOL Ultralight taking off and landing</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> The dictionary definition of <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/STOL" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:STOL"><i>STOL</i></a> at Wiktionary</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zenithair.com/stolch801/design/design.html">Anatomy of a STOL Aircraft: Designing a Modern Short Take-Off and Landing Aircraft by Chris Heintz</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Types_of_takeoff_and_landing98" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Types of <a href="/wiki/Takeoff_and_landing" title="Takeoff and landing">takeoff and landing</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Takeoff" title="Takeoff">Takeoff</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balanced_field_takeoff" title="Balanced field takeoff">Balanced field takeoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-rocket_spacelaunch" title="Non-rocket spacelaunch">Non-rocket spacelaunch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rejected_takeoff" title="Rejected takeoff">Rejected takeoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocket_launch" class="mw-redirect" title="Rocket launch">Rocket launch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_launch" title="Space launch">Space launch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zero-length_launch" title="Zero-length launch">Zero-length launch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Assisted_take-off" title="Assisted take-off">Assisted take-off</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_catapult" title="Aircraft catapult">Catapult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ground_carriage" title="Ground carriage">Ground carriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JATO" title="JATO">JATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocket_sled_launch" title="Rocket sled launch">Rocket sled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ski-jump_(aviation)" title="Ski-jump (aviation)">Ski-jump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_American_Turbo-Cat" title="All American Turbo-Cat">Turbo-Cat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Takeoff_and_landing" title="Takeoff and landing">Takeoff and landing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brodie_landing_system" title="Brodie landing system">Brodie landing system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CATOBAR" title="CATOBAR">CATOBAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CTOL" title="CTOL">CTOL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EVTOL" title="EVTOL">eVTOL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PTOL" title="PTOL">PTOL</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Rough_field_capability">Rough-field capability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QTOL" title="QTOL">QTOL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTOL" class="mw-redirect" title="RTOL">RTOL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STOBAR" title="STOBAR">STOBAR</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">STOL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STOVL" title="STOVL">STOVL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V/STOL" title="V/STOL">V/STOL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VTHL" class="mw-redirect" title="VTHL">VTHL</a>/<a href="/wiki/VTOHL" class="mw-redirect" title="VTOHL">VTOHL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VTOL" title="VTOL">VTOL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Launch_and_recovery_cycle" title="Launch and recovery cycle">Launch and recovery cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VTVL" title="VTVL">VTVL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VTHL" class="mw-redirect" title="VTHL">VTHL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTHL" class="mw-redirect" title="HTHL">HTHL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTVL" class="mw-redirect" title="HTVL">HTVL</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Landing" title="Landing">Landing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belly_landing" title="Belly landing">Belly landing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corkscrew_landing" title="Corkscrew landing">Corkscrew landing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crosswind_landing" title="Crosswind landing">Crosswind landing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deadstick_landing" title="Deadstick landing">Deadstick landing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emergency_landing" title="Emergency landing">Emergency landing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_deck#Flexible_decks" title="Flight deck">Flexible deck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_landing" title="Forced landing">Forced landing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_landing" title="Hard landing">Hard landing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shipborne_rolling_vertical_landing" title="Shipborne rolling vertical landing">Shipborne rolling vertical landing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short-field_landing" title="Short-field landing">Short-field landing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soft_landing" title="Soft landing">Soft landing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Splashdown" title="Splashdown">Splashdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touch-and-go_landing" title="Touch-and-go landing">Touch-and-go landing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_landing" title="Water landing">Water landing/ditching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floating_launch_vehicle_operations_platform" title="Floating launch vehicle operations platform">Floating landing platform</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=STOL&oldid=1276015010">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=STOL&oldid=1276015010</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:STOL_aircraft" title="Category:STOL aircraft">STOL aircraft</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Types_of_take-off_and_landing" 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