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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Physical integrity and bodily autonomy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Physical_integrity_and_bodily_autonomy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Right_to_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Right_to_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Right to life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Right_to_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Protection_from_discrimination" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Protection_from_discrimination"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Protection from discrimination</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Protection_from_discrimination-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Remedies_and_claims_for_compensation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Remedies_and_claims_for_compensation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Remedies and claims for compensation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Remedies_and_claims_for_compensation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Identification_documents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Identification_documents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Identification documents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Identification_documents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rights_advocacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rights_advocacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Rights advocacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rights_advocacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span 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0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article needs to be <b>updated</b>. The reason given is: A new law went into effect (<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.lavozdegalicia.es/noticia/sociedad/2023/03/01/nueva-ley-aborto-ley-trans-entraran-vigor-manana/00031677662085396784633.htm">https://www.lavozdegalicia.es/noticia/sociedad/2023/03/01/nueva-ley-aborto-ley-trans-entraran-vigor-manana/00031677662085396784633.htm</a>).<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2023</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Overview of intersex people's rights in Spain</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output 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class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><a href="/wiki/Intersex_human_rights" title="Intersex human rights">Intersex rights</a> in <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:EU-Spain.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/EU-Spain.svg/220px-EU-Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/EU-Spain.svg/330px-EU-Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/EU-Spain.svg/440px-EU-Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2045" data-file-height="1720" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><div style="text-align:center;line-height:1.15em;">Location of <b>Spain</b> (dark green)<p style="text-align:left;margin-left:1.2ex;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;line-height:1.15em;">– in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> (light green & dark grey)<br />– in the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> (light green)  –  [<a href="/wiki/File:EU-Spain.svg" title="File:EU-Spain.svg">Legend</a>]</p></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Intersex_human_rights" title="Intersex human rights">Protection of physical integrity and bodily autonomy</a></th><td class="infobox-data">In some regions</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Legal_recognition_of_intersex_people#Changing_identification_documents" title="Legal recognition of intersex people">Changing M/F sex classifications</a></th><td class="infobox-data">In some regions</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist 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ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; text-align:center; background:lavender;margin-top:0.7em"><div style="margin: 0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_by_country" class="mw-redirect" title="Intersex rights by country">Rights by country</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; center"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Argentina" title="Intersex rights in Argentina">Argentina</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Australia" title="Intersex rights in Australia">Australia</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Canada" title="Intersex rights in Canada">Canada</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Chile" title="Intersex rights in Chile">Chile</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_China" title="Intersex rights in China">China</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Colombia" title="Intersex rights in Colombia">Colombia</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_France" title="Intersex rights in France">France</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Germany" title="Intersex rights in Germany">Germany</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Kenya" title="Intersex rights in Kenya">Kenya</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Malta" title="Intersex rights in Malta">Malta</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Mexico" title="Intersex rights in Mexico">Mexico</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Nepal" title="Intersex rights in Nepal">Nepal</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_New_Zealand" title="Intersex rights in New Zealand">New Zealand</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_South_Africa" title="Intersex rights in South Africa">South Africa</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Spain</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Switzerland" title="Intersex rights in Switzerland">Switzerland</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Taiwan" title="Intersex rights in Taiwan">Taiwan</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Uganda" title="Intersex rights in Uganda">Uganda</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Intersex rights in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_the_United_States" title="Intersex rights in the United States">United States</a> </li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 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3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Intersex" title="Intersex">Intersex</a> topics</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Intersex_Pride_Flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Intersex flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Intersex_Pride_Flag.svg/180px-Intersex_Pride_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Intersex_Pride_Flag.svg/270px-Intersex_Pride_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Intersex_Pride_Flag.svg/360px-Intersex_Pride_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Intersex_human_rights" title="Intersex human rights">Human rights</a> and <a href="/wiki/Legal_recognition_of_intersex_people" title="Legal recognition of intersex people">legal issues</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Compulsory_sterilization" title="Compulsory sterilization">Compulsory sterilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_intersex_people" title="Discrimination against intersex people">Discrimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_human_rights" title="Intersex human rights">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_human_rights_reports" title="Intersex human rights reports">reports</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_recognition_of_intersex_people" title="Legal recognition of intersex people">Legal recognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta_declaration_(International_Intersex_Forum)" title="Malta declaration (International Intersex Forum)">Malta declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_medical_interventions" title="Intersex medical interventions">Medical interventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_assignment" title="Sex assignment">Sex assignment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_characteristics_(legal_term)" title="Sex characteristics (legal term)">Sex characteristics (legal term)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogyakarta_Principles" title="Yogyakarta Principles">Yogyakarta Principles</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Intersex_and_medicine" title="Category:Intersex and medicine">Medicine</a> and biology</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disorders_of_sex_development" title="Disorders of sex development">Disorders of sex development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_diagnosis_of_intersex" title="Genetic diagnosis of intersex">Genetic diagnosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Definitions_of_intersex" title="Definitions of intersex">Definitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_healthcare" title="Intersex healthcare">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_medical_interventions" title="Intersex medical interventions">Medical interventions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_intersex_surgery" title="History of intersex surgery">history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchidometer" title="Orchidometer">Orchidometer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phall-O-Meter" title="Phall-O-Meter">Phall-O-Meter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prader_scale" title="Prader scale">Prader scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quigley_scale" title="Quigley scale">Quigley scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_differentiation" title="Sexual differentiation">Sexual differentiation</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:Intersex_and_medicine" title="Category:Intersex and medicine">more...</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Society and culture</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Endosex" title="Endosex">Endosex</a> (antonym)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_civil_society_organizations" title="Intersex civil society organizations">Civil society organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_characters_in_fiction" title="Intersex characters in fiction">Fictional characters‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_representation_in_film" title="Intersex representation in film">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_flag" title="Intersex flag">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_and_LGBT" title="Intersex and LGBT">Intersex and LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_about_intersex" title="Literature about intersex">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_intersex_people" title="List of intersex people">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_people_and_religion" title="Intersex people and religion">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_people_and_military_service" title="Intersex people and military service">Military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_people_and_military_service_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Intersex people and military service in the United States">US</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_researchers_on_intersex" title="List of researchers on intersex">Researchers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_verification_in_sports" title="Sex verification in sports">Sex verification in sports</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sex_verification_and_intersex_athletes_at_the_Olympic_Games" title="Sex verification and intersex athletes at the Olympic Games">at the Olympic Games</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_works_about_intersex" title="Television works about intersex">Television</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Intersex_people_in_history" title="Intersex people in history">History</a> and events</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_people_in_history" title="Intersex people in history">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_intersex_surgery" title="History of intersex surgery">of surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_intersex_history" title="Timeline of intersex history">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_Awareness_Day" title="Intersex Awareness Day">Intersex Awareness Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_Day_of_Remembrance" title="Intersex Day of Remembrance">Intersex Day of Remembrance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Intersex_Forum" title="International Intersex Forum">International Intersex Forum</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Intersex_human_rights#Intersex_rights_by_jurisdiction" title="Intersex human rights">Rights by country</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Argentina" title="Intersex rights in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Australia" title="Intersex rights in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Canada" title="Intersex rights in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Chile" title="Intersex rights in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_China" title="Intersex rights in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Colombia" title="Intersex rights in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_France" title="Intersex rights in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Germany" title="Intersex rights in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Kenya" title="Intersex rights in Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Malta" title="Intersex rights in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Mexico" title="Intersex rights in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Nepal" title="Intersex rights in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_New_Zealand" title="Intersex rights in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_South_Africa" title="Intersex rights in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Switzerland" title="Intersex rights in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Taiwan" title="Intersex rights in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Uganda" title="Intersex rights in Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Intersex rights in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_the_United_States" title="Intersex rights in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">See also</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hermaphrodite" title="Hermaphrodite">Hermaphrodite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_rights" title="Children's rights">Children's rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genital_modification_and_mutilation" title="Genital modification and mutilation">Genital modification and mutilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability" title="Disability">Disability</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disability_rights_movement" title="Disability rights movement">rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender" title="Gender">Gender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT">LGBT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Androgyny" title="Androgyny">Androgyny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-gender_movement" title="Anti-gender movement">Anti-gender movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genderqueer" class="mw-redirect" title="Genderqueer">Non-binary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_recognition_of_non-binary_gender" title="Legal recognition of non-binary gender">Non-binary recognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queer_theory" title="Queer theory">Queer theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_gender" title="Third gender">Third gender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender" title="Transgender">Transgender</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_ethics" title="Medical ethics">Medical ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rights" title="Rights">Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex" title="Sex">Sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_differences_in_humans" title="Sex differences in humans">Sex differences</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Intersex_sidebar" title="Template:Intersex sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Intersex_sidebar" title="Template talk:Intersex sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Intersex_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Intersex sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Citizens of <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> who are <a href="/wiki/Intersex" title="Intersex">intersex</a> face problems that the wider society does not encounter. Laws that provide protection against discrimination or <a href="/wiki/Genital_modification_and_mutilation" title="Genital modification and mutilation">genital mutilation</a> for intersex people exist only in some <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_communities_of_Spain" title="Autonomous communities of Spain">autonomous communities</a> rather than on a national level. The 3/2007 law is the current law in Spain which relates to legal gender change including the rights of intersex people,<sup id="cite_ref-ley-3-2007_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ley-3-2007-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although a new law is about to be passed in the near future.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Inter-sexuality is not widely recognized in Spain, as it is rarely discussed even within <a href="/wiki/LGBT" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT">LGBT</a> organizations. As a result, intersex people face problems such as genital mutilation during childhood, discrimination, and a lack of legal capacity to change their legal gender status after an incorrect <a href="/wiki/Sex_assignment" title="Sex assignment">sex assignment</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-rtve_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rtve-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Spain is known as a progressive country in reference to LGBTQ+ rights; however, its national legislation is behind those of some other countries, such as <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>, in regard to both intersex people's rights and the rights of the LGBTQ+ community.<sup id="cite_ref-rtve_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rtve-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The United Nations <a href="/wiki/Committee_on_the_Rights_of_the_Child" title="Committee on the Rights of the Child">Committee on the Rights of the Child</a> has condemned Spain on the grounds of genital mutilation, as the committee believes that Spain fails to comply with its obligation to protect children from genital modification.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intersex_rights_in_Spain&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Intersex_in_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Intersex in history">Intersex in history</a></div> <p>During the rule of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Category:All_self-contradictory_articles" title="Category:All self-contradictory articles"><span title="Is 'Republic' rather than 'Empire' meant here? Hispania was part of the Empire from the beginning on, so when the subsequent sentence says 'no longer enforced' the paragraph sounds rather illogical (March 2024)">contradictory</span></a></i>]</sup> Roman customs stated that people born with ambiguous genitals were signs of bad omen and monsters that had to be killed in a purification ceremony. During the time when the Romans ruled over <a href="/wiki/Hispania" title="Hispania">Hispania</a> those rules were no longer enforced and intersex people had the right to be <a href="/wiki/Marriage" title="Marriage">married</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-analisis-chile_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-analisis-chile-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When the <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyad Caliphate</a> ruled over the <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spain_in_the_Middle_Ages#Medieval_Islamic_Spain" title="Spain in the Middle Ages">medieval Muslims</a> acknowledged the existence of intersex people, known as <i>khuntha</i> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">خنثى</span>). When the sex of the person was not ambiguous, they were considered to be of the predominant sex, and when the sex could not be determined easily, they would be considered as a <a href="/wiki/Third_sex" class="mw-redirect" title="Third sex">third sex</a>. According to <a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">Sharia</a> law, different rules applied to men and women—for example, in the case of inheritances. Sometimes an exploration of the anatomy of the <i>khuntha</i> was required to determine if a person had to follow the laws pertaining to women or to men.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> taught that only two sexes exist: male and female. Non-ambiguous intersex people were considered to belong to the gender they were more alike and people with ambiguous genitalia had to choose a sex and abide by it. Intersex people had to comply with the current laws in regard to the chosen gender throughout their entire lives. For example, if an intersex person chose to live as a man, that person would be convicted on the grounds of <a href="/wiki/Sodomy" title="Sodomy">sodomy</a> if they were to have sexual relations with a man and if they chose to live as a woman, it would be illegal to have sex with a woman but would be allowed to do so with a man.<sup id="cite_ref-analisis-chile_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-analisis-chile-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A notorious case during the 16th century related to a person called <a href="/wiki/Elena_de_C%C3%A9spedes" class="mw-redirect" title="Elena de Céspedes">Elena de Céspedes</a>, who lived as a man in order to practice as a surgeon. There is some debate about whether de Céspedes was intersex, <a href="/wiki/Transgender" title="Transgender">transgender</a>, or living as a man in order to work. When de Céspedes was born, they were <a href="/wiki/Sex_assignment" title="Sex assignment">assigned</a> female at birth by their parents and they married a man, but later changed their name to Eleno and married a woman. During their defense at the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Inquisition" title="Spanish Inquisition">Spanish Inquisition</a>, de Céspedes stated that they were born with both male and female genitals, but the tribunal claimed that de Céspedes had used their medical knowledge to alter their own genitalia. They were sentenced to two hundred lashes and to work in a hospital without pay for ten years.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-andalucia-diversa_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-andalucia-diversa-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first documented intersex person in Spain was <a href="/wiki/Fernanda_Fern%C3%A1ndez" title="Fernanda Fernández">Fernanda Fernández</a> from <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BAjar" title="Zújar">Zújar</a>. During the 18th century, Fernández was assigned female at birth by their parents and they served as a nun for 14 years. At age 32, Fernández underwent several medical examinations and it was declared that they were male because their genitalia was unlike that of a woman. Fernández's vows as a nun were canceled and they began to dress as a man.<sup id="cite_ref-analisis-chile_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-analisis-chile-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-andalucia-diversa_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-andalucia-diversa-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the 19th century there was a <a href="/wiki/Serial_killer" title="Serial killer">serial killer</a> called <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Blanco_Romasanta" title="Manuel Blanco Romasanta">Manuel Blanco Romasanta</a> who is now speculated to have been intersex. When Romasanta was born, their parents were unsure about the baby's sex, so they were assigned female at birth and received the name Manuela, but when Romasanta was eight years old, they were included as a man in a <a href="/wiki/Parroquia_(Spain)" title="Parroquia (Spain)">civil parish</a> register. Historians have described Romasanta as having "feminine" traits.<sup id="cite_ref-lobo1_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lobo1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lobo2_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lobo2-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Intersex and LGBTQ+ peoples were persecuted during the <a href="/wiki/Francoist_Spain" title="Francoist Spain">Franco regime</a> and intersex people were seen by the Franco administration as monsters. Florencio Pla Messenguer, nicknamed "La Pastora," was born in 1917 with ambiguous genitalia and was named Teresa and declared female by their parents, who wished to protect Messenguer from having to join the military. Messenguer was teased as a child and after a traumatic genital examination by members of the Franco military, decided to transition to a masculine presentation. Messenguer then joined the anti-Franco forces, but was eventually detained and sent to a number of female prisons. Messenguer was eventually pardoned and released in 1978 after spending twenty years in prison.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pastora-elnacional_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pastora-elnacional-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Physical_integrity_and_bodily_autonomy">Physical integrity and bodily autonomy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intersex_rights_in_Spain&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Physical integrity and bodily autonomy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Comunidades_aut%C3%B3nomas_en_Espa%C3%B1a_que_tienen_leyes_contra_la_mutilaci%C3%B3n_genital_a_ni%C3%B1os_intersexuales.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Comunidades_aut%C3%B3nomas_en_Espa%C3%B1a_que_tienen_leyes_contra_la_mutilaci%C3%B3n_genital_a_ni%C3%B1os_intersexuales.svg/220px-Comunidades_aut%C3%B3nomas_en_Espa%C3%B1a_que_tienen_leyes_contra_la_mutilaci%C3%B3n_genital_a_ni%C3%B1os_intersexuales.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Comunidades_aut%C3%B3nomas_en_Espa%C3%B1a_que_tienen_leyes_contra_la_mutilaci%C3%B3n_genital_a_ni%C3%B1os_intersexuales.svg/330px-Comunidades_aut%C3%B3nomas_en_Espa%C3%B1a_que_tienen_leyes_contra_la_mutilaci%C3%B3n_genital_a_ni%C3%B1os_intersexuales.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Comunidades_aut%C3%B3nomas_en_Espa%C3%B1a_que_tienen_leyes_contra_la_mutilaci%C3%B3n_genital_a_ni%C3%B1os_intersexuales.svg/440px-Comunidades_aut%C3%B3nomas_en_Espa%C3%B1a_que_tienen_leyes_contra_la_mutilaci%C3%B3n_genital_a_ni%C3%B1os_intersexuales.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2043" data-file-height="1753" /></a><figcaption>Currently, Madrid, Aragon, the Balearic Islands, and Valencia are the only autonomous communities that have laws against intersex genital mutilations, represented in green.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Intersex_human_rights" title="Intersex human rights">Intersex human rights</a> and <a href="/wiki/Intersex_medical_interventions" title="Intersex medical interventions">Intersex medical interventions</a></div> <p>In Spain, genital mutilation for intersex people is legal and financed by the state through the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_National_Health_System" title="Spanish National Health System">Spanish National Health System</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-informe-5-y-6_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-informe-5-y-6-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These surgical procedures are often performed on babies or children per choice of their parents, and in these cases are non-consensual, irreversible, and medically unnecessary.<sup id="cite_ref-informe-5-y-6_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-informe-5-y-6-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to the operation complications, recovery, the social and emotional transition, and a multitude of other complexities, health and psychological problems frequently result.<sup id="cite_ref-perj_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-perj-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the legal availability of these surgeries also provide outstanding benefits, such as aesthetics, an opportunity to overcome the belief that intersex people will not be able to properly adjust themselves to society or maintain emotional relationships because of their atypical genitals, and they provide the ability to combat certain medical conditions that can result from intersexual practices, such as the increased incidence of cancer.<sup id="cite_ref-sit-españa_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sit-españa-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2019, Madrid,<sup id="cite_ref-perj_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-perj-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aragon,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Balearic Islands,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Valencia<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are the only autonomous communities with laws that ban intersex genital mutilation for minors. Instead, they require genital surgery of minors to be delayed until the patient reaches an age that legislators in these communities deem appropriate for this kind of decision-making. Bills regarding genital surgery of minors have also been drafted in the Canary Islands,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Asturias,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Cantabria,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but none have officially been approved. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Right_to_life">Right to life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intersex_rights_in_Spain&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Right to life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Genetic_diagnosis_of_intersex" title="Genetic diagnosis of intersex">Genetic diagnosis of intersex</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Prenatal_testing" title="Prenatal testing">Prenatal screening</a> can detect certain medical conditions in the fetus, including inter-sexuality. As a result, some parents choose to abort children presenting with atypical genitals. These systematic abortions are not considered ethical, and therefore some NGOs, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Committee_of_Ministers_of_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe">Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe</a>, have pushed for the ban of these tests. In 2015, a <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a> Issue Paper on <i>Human rights and intersex people</i> stated: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Intersex people’s right to life can be violated in discriminatory “sex selection” and “preimplantation genetic diagnosis, other forms of testing, and selection for particular characteristics”. Such de-selection or selective abortions are incompatible with ethics and human rights standards due to the discrimination perpetrated against intersex people on the basis of their sex characteristics.<sup id="cite_ref-consejo-europa_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-consejo-europa-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Protection_from_discrimination">Protection from discrimination</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intersex_rights_in_Spain&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Protection from discrimination"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_intersex_people" title="Discrimination against intersex people">Discrimination against intersex people</a></div> <p>Intersex people are at risk for <a href="/wiki/Bullying" title="Bullying">bullying</a> and a higher <a href="/wiki/Poverty" title="Poverty">poverty</a> rates.<sup id="cite_ref-apf_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-apf-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-consejo-europa_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-consejo-europa-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Remedies_and_claims_for_compensation">Remedies and claims for compensation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intersex_rights_in_Spain&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Remedies and claims for compensation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Spain currently does not have any kind of compensation or <a href="/wiki/Reparation_(legal)" title="Reparation (legal)">reparation</a> system for victims of intersex genital mutilation. Although there have been several lawsuits, none have been won.<sup id="cite_ref-informe-5-y-6_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-informe-5-y-6-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to the stigma surrounding inter-sexuality it is difficult for people to access their original medical records in order to make an appeal.<sup id="cite_ref-analisis-chile_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-analisis-chile-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Identification_documents">Identification documents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intersex_rights_in_Spain&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Identification documents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Legal_recognition_of_intersex_people" title="Legal recognition of intersex people">Legal recognition of intersex people</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Comunidades_aut%C3%B3nomas_en_Espa%C3%B1a_en_las_que_se_puede_cambiar_de_g%C3%A9nero_sin_tratamientos_quir%C3%BArgicos_u_hormonales.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Comunidades_aut%C3%B3nomas_en_Espa%C3%B1a_en_las_que_se_puede_cambiar_de_g%C3%A9nero_sin_tratamientos_quir%C3%BArgicos_u_hormonales.svg/220px-Comunidades_aut%C3%B3nomas_en_Espa%C3%B1a_en_las_que_se_puede_cambiar_de_g%C3%A9nero_sin_tratamientos_quir%C3%BArgicos_u_hormonales.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Comunidades_aut%C3%B3nomas_en_Espa%C3%B1a_en_las_que_se_puede_cambiar_de_g%C3%A9nero_sin_tratamientos_quir%C3%BArgicos_u_hormonales.svg/330px-Comunidades_aut%C3%B3nomas_en_Espa%C3%B1a_en_las_que_se_puede_cambiar_de_g%C3%A9nero_sin_tratamientos_quir%C3%BArgicos_u_hormonales.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Comunidades_aut%C3%B3nomas_en_Espa%C3%B1a_en_las_que_se_puede_cambiar_de_g%C3%A9nero_sin_tratamientos_quir%C3%BArgicos_u_hormonales.svg/440px-Comunidades_aut%C3%B3nomas_en_Espa%C3%B1a_en_las_que_se_puede_cambiar_de_g%C3%A9nero_sin_tratamientos_quir%C3%BArgicos_u_hormonales.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2043" data-file-height="1753" /></a><figcaption>Autonomous communities in Spain where legal gender can be changed without having to receive surgical or hormonal treatments.</figcaption></figure> <p>To intersex people, legal recognition is more about the right to change their legal gender and to declare self-determination of their sexual identity. Some intersex rights organizations are against the notion of a third gender classification because they consider that it a cause of discrimination and other forms of gender-based violence.<sup id="cite_ref-apf_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-apf-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, third gender classifications are necessary because some intersex people do not <a href="/wiki/Gender_identity" title="Gender identity">identify</a> as a man or woman. The law in Spain does not recognize the existence of <a href="/wiki/Non-binary_gender" title="Non-binary gender">non-binary genders</a>, and for this reason it can be difficult to change genders legally.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Frequently, an intersex person is assigned a sex when they are born, but then begin to develop traits of the opposite sex as they mature, specifically during puberty. Additionally, inappropriate sex assignments are common in Spain because the parents of intersex children only have 72 hours to register their child's sex on the Civil Registry after birth.<sup id="cite_ref-sit-españa_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sit-españa-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, the process of changing genders involves adjusting the legal gender stated on the <a href="/wiki/Documento_Nacional_de_Identidad_(Spain)" title="Documento Nacional de Identidad (Spain)">DNI</a>, the Spanish National Identity card.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, according to the current Spanish law passed in 3/2007, hormone treatment is required for two years to be able to change legal gender on the DNI, and to be diagnosed with <a href="/wiki/Gender_dysphoria" title="Gender dysphoria">gender dysphoria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 2007 law, which relates to registering sex changes, as well as Article 54 and Title V of the Civil Registration Act of 1957 require all names in a DNI to be clearly-gendered.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to a paper published in 2012, between 8.5% and 20% of intersex people experience dysphoria, so those outside of this percentage are somewhat restricted.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, some laws have been developed at the regional level that allow to change gender freely.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rights_advocacy">Rights advocacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intersex_rights_in_Spain&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Rights advocacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Spain, there are several intersex rights organizations, depending on the type of condition. Some of these are AISSG Spain (GrApSIA), the Spanish Society for Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia and AMAR.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Mexican project <a href="/wiki/Br%C3%BAjula_Intersexual" title="Brújula Intersexual">Brújula Intersexual</a> reports about news related with inter-sexuality in the Spanish language, particularly about events occurring in the Spanish-speaking world. It is focused on spreading information and awareness about the topic of inter-sexuality.<sup id="cite_ref-informe-5-y-6_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-informe-5-y-6-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intersex_rights_in_Spain&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Spain">LGBT rights in Spain</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intersex_rights_in_Spain&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ley-3-2007-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ley-3-2007_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elpais.com/sociedad/2007/03/17/actualidad/1174086001_850215.html">"Entra en vigor la Ley de Identidad de Género"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/El_Pa%C3%ADs" title="El País">El País</a></i> (in Spanish). 2007-03-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Pontevedra, Silvia (2012-11-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elpais.com/ccaa/2012/11/01/galicia/1351797460_881975.html">"El hombre lobo era mujer"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/El_Pa%C3%ADs" title="El País">El País</a></i> (in Spanish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-05-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Pa%C3%ADs&rft.atitle=El+hombre+lobo+era+mujer&rft.date=2012-11-01&rft.aulast=R.+Pontevedra&rft.aufirst=Silvia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felpais.com%2Fccaa%2F2012%2F11%2F01%2Fgalicia%2F1351797460_881975.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIntersex+rights+in+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lobo2-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lobo2_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrespo_Maclennan2017" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Crespo Maclennan, Gloria (2017-04-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elpais.com/cultura/2017/03/29/babelia/1490799748_942644.html">"Lobismuller, licántropo hermafrodita"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/El_Pa%C3%ADs" title="El País">El País</a></i> (in Spanish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-05-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Pa%C3%ADs&rft.atitle=Lobismuller%2C+lic%C3%A1ntropo+hermafrodita&rft.date=2017-04-02&rft.aulast=Crespo+Maclennan&rft.aufirst=Gloria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felpais.com%2Fcultura%2F2017%2F03%2F29%2Fbabelia%2F1490799748_942644.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIntersex+rights+in+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGallego2016" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Gallego, Mar (2016-07-11). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pikaramagazine.com/2016/07/la-pastora-intersexualidad-en-la-resistencia-antifranquista/">"¡Que viene La Pastora!"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Pikara_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Pikara Magazine">Pikara Magazine</a></i> (in Spanish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-05-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pikara+Magazine&rft.atitle=%C2%A1Que+viene+La+Pastora%21&rft.date=2016-07-11&rft.aulast=Gallego&rft.aufirst=Mar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pikaramagazine.com%2F2016%2F07%2Fla-pastora-intersexualidad-en-la-resistencia-antifranquista%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIntersex+rights+in+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pastora-elnacional-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pastora-elnacional_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPons2019" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Pons, Marc (2019-01-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elnacional.cat/es/efemerides/muere-teresa-pla-teresot_339663_102.html">"Muere Teresa Pla, 'Teresot', que se hizo maqui después de sufrir abusos de la Guardia Civil"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/El_Nacional_(Catalonia)" title="El Nacional (Catalonia)">El Nacional</a></i> (in Spanish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-05-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=El+Nacional&rft.atitle=Muere+Teresa+Pla%2C+%27Teresot%27%2C+que+se+hizo+maqui+despu%C3%A9s+de+sufrir+abusos+de+la+Guardia+Civil&rft.date=2019-01-01&rft.aulast=Pons&rft.aufirst=Marc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elnacional.cat%2Fes%2Fefemerides%2Fmuere-teresa-pla-teresot_339663_102.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIntersex+rights+in+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-informe-5-y-6-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-informe-5-y-6_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-informe-5-y-6_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-informe-5-y-6_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-informe-5-y-6_14-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInterBauerTruffer2017" class="citation web cs1">Inter, Laura; Bauer, Markus; Truffer, Daniela (January 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://intersex.shadowreport.org/public/2017-CRC-Spain-NGO-Brujula-Zwischengeschlecht-Intersex-IGM.pdf">"Intersex Genital Mutilations. Human rights violations of children with variations of sex anatomy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-05-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Intersex+Genital+Mutilations.+Human+rights+violations+of+children+with+variations+of+sex+anatomy&rft.date=2017-01&rft.aulast=Inter&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft.au=Bauer%2C+Markus&rft.au=Truffer%2C+Daniela&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fintersex.shadowreport.org%2Fpublic%2F2017-CRC-Spain-NGO-Brujula-Zwischengeschlecht-Intersex-IGM.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIntersex+rights+in+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-perj-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-perj_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-perj_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRodrigo2016" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Rodrigo, Borja (2016-12-11). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elmundo.es/sociedad/2016/12/11/584b00db22601d53428b4646.html">"Intersexualidad: La ablación legal al servicio del género"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/El_Mundo_(Spain)" title="El Mundo (Spain)">El Mundo</a></i> (in Spanish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-05-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=eldiario.es&rft.atitle=El+mapa+de+los+derechos+trans+en+Espa%C3%B1a%3A+de+la+autoafirmaci%C3%B3n+de+g%C3%A9nero+al+vac%C3%ADo+legal&rft.date=2018-07-20&rft.aulast=Sevilla+Lorenzo&rft.aufirst=Jaime&rft.au=Barandela%2C+Marta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eldiario.es%2Fsociedad%2Fpersonas-trans-comunidades_0_789172012.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIntersex+rights+in+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAgencia_EFE2019" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Agencia_EFE" class="mw-redirect" title="Agencia EFE">Agencia EFE</a> (2019-06-27). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.20minutos.es/noticia/3685494/0/transexuales-vascos-podran-identificar-identidad-sexual-sin-informe-medico/">"Los transexuales vascos podrán certificar su identidad sexual sin necesidad de informe médico"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/20_minutos" title="20 minutos">20 minutos</a></i> (in Spanish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GrApSIA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgrapsia.org&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIntersex+rights+in+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mx.groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/hiperplasia/info">"Hiperplasia Suprarebal Congenita (HSC)"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hiperplasia+Suprarebal+Congenita+%28HSC%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmx.groups.yahoo.com%2Fneo%2Fgroups%2Fhiperplasia%2Finfo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIntersex+rights+in+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intersex_rights_in_Spain&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brujulaintersexual.org">Mexican NGO that reports about news related with intersexuality in Spanish</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://grapsia.org">AISSG Spain (GrApSIA)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hiperplasiasuprarrenalcongenita.org">Spanish Society for Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amarokitansky.com">Association of Support for Women for the Acceptance of Rokitansky Syndrome (AMAR)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180805232037/http://amarokitansky.com/">Archived</a> 2018-08-05 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Intersex_rights_in_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Europe_topic" title="Template:Europe topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Europe_topic" title="Template talk:Europe topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Europe_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Europe topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Intersex_rights_in_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Intersex rights in Europe</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intersex_rights_in_Albania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intersex rights in Albania (page does not exist)">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intersex_rights_in_Andorra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intersex rights in Andorra (page does not exist)">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intersex_rights_in_Armenia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intersex rights in Armenia (page does not exist)">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intersex_rights_in_Austria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intersex rights in Austria (page does not exist)">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intersex_rights_in_Azerbaijan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intersex rights in Azerbaijan (page does not exist)">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intersex_rights_in_Belarus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intersex rights in Belarus (page does not exist)">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intersex_rights_in_Belgium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intersex rights in Belgium (page does not exist)">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intersex_rights_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intersex rights in Bosnia and Herzegovina (page does not exist)">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intersex_rights_in_Bulgaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intersex rights in Bulgaria (page does not exist)">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intersex_rights_in_Croatia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intersex rights in Croatia (page does not exist)">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intersex_rights_in_Cyprus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intersex rights in Cyprus (page does not exist)">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intersex_rights_in_the_Czech_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intersex rights in the Czech Republic (page does not exist)">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intersex_rights_in_Denmark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intersex rights in Denmark (page does not exist)">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intersex_rights_in_Estonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intersex rights in Estonia (page does not exist)">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intersex_rights_in_Finland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intersex rights in Finland (page does not exist)">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_France" title="Intersex rights in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intersex_rights_in_Georgia_(country)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intersex rights in Georgia (country) (page does not exist)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Germany" title="Intersex rights in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intersex_rights_in_Greece&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intersex rights in Greece (page does not exist)">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intersex_rights_in_Hungary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intersex rights in Hungary (page does not exist)">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intersex_rights_in_Iceland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intersex rights in Iceland (page does not exist)">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intersex_rights_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intersex rights in the Republic of Ireland (page does not exist)">Ireland</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intersex_rights_in_Italy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intersex rights in Italy (page does not exist)">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intersex_rights_in_Kazakhstan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intersex rights in Kazakhstan (page does not exist)">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intersex_rights_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intersex rights in Latvia (page does not exist)">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intersex_rights_in_Liechtenstein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intersex rights in Liechtenstein (page does not exist)">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intersex_rights_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intersex rights in Lithuania (page does not exist)">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intersex_rights_in_Luxembourg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intersex rights in Luxembourg (page does not exist)">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Malta" title="Intersex rights in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intersex_rights_in_Moldova&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intersex rights in Moldova (page does not exist)">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intersex_rights_in_Monaco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intersex rights in Monaco (page does not exist)">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intersex_rights_in_Montenegro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intersex rights in Montenegro (page does not exist)">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Intersex rights in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intersex_rights_in_North_Macedonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intersex rights in North Macedonia (page does not exist)">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intersex_rights_in_Norway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intersex rights in Norway (page does not exist)">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intersex_rights_in_Poland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intersex rights in Poland (page does not exist)">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Intersex rights in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intersex_rights_in_Romania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intersex rights in Romania (page does not exist)">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intersex_rights_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intersex rights in Russia (page does not exist)">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intersex_rights_in_San_Marino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intersex rights in San Marino (page does not exist)">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intersex_rights_in_Serbia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intersex rights in Serbia (page does not exist)">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intersex_rights_in_Slovakia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intersex rights in Slovakia (page does not exist)">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intersex_rights_in_Slovenia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intersex rights in Slovenia (page does not exist)">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intersex_rights_in_Sweden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intersex rights in Sweden (page does not exist)">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Switzerland" title="Intersex rights in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intersex_rights_in_Turkey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intersex rights in Turkey (page does not exist)">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intersex_rights_in_Ukraine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intersex rights in Ukraine (page does not exist)">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Intersex rights in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited<br />recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intersex_rights_in_Abkhazia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intersex rights in Abkhazia (page does not exist)">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intersex_rights_in_Kosovo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intersex rights in Kosovo (page does not exist)">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intersex_rights_in_Northern_Cyprus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intersex rights in Northern Cyprus (page does not exist)">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intersex_rights_in_South_Ossetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intersex rights in South Ossetia (page does not exist)">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intersex_rights_in_Transnistria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intersex rights in Transnistria (page does not exist)">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies and<br />other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intersex_rights_in_%C3%85land&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intersex rights in Åland (page does not exist)">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intersex_rights_in_the_Faroe_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intersex rights in the Faroe Islands (page does not exist)">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intersex_rights_in_Gibraltar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intersex rights in Gibraltar (page does not exist)">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intersex_rights_in_Guernsey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intersex rights in Guernsey (page does not exist)">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intersex_rights_in_the_Isle_of_Man&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intersex rights in the Isle of Man (page does not exist)">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intersex_rights_in_Jersey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intersex rights in Jersey (page does not exist)">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intersex_rights_in_Svalbard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intersex rights in Svalbard (page does not exist)">Svalbard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Intersex" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Intersex" title="Template:Intersex"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Intersex" title="Template talk:Intersex"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Intersex" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Intersex"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Intersex" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Intersex" title="Intersex">Intersex</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Intersex_human_rights" title="Intersex human rights">Human rights</a> and <a href="/wiki/Legal_recognition_of_intersex_people" title="Legal recognition of intersex people">legal issues</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Compulsory_sterilization" title="Compulsory sterilization">Compulsory sterilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_intersex_people" title="Discrimination against intersex people">Discrimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_human_rights" title="Intersex human rights">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_human_rights_reports" title="Intersex human rights reports">reports</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_recognition_of_intersex_people" title="Legal recognition of intersex people">Legal recognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta_declaration_(International_Intersex_Forum)" title="Malta declaration (International Intersex Forum)">Malta declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_medical_interventions" title="Intersex medical interventions">Medical interventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_assignment" title="Sex assignment">Sex assignment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_characteristics_(legal_term)" title="Sex characteristics (legal term)">Sex characteristics (legal term)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogyakarta_Principles" title="Yogyakarta Principles">Yogyakarta Principles</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Intersex_Pride_Flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Intersex_Pride_Flag.svg/50px-Intersex_Pride_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Intersex_Pride_Flag.svg/75px-Intersex_Pride_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Intersex_Pride_Flag.svg/100px-Intersex_Pride_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span><br /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Intersex_and_medicine" title="Category:Intersex and medicine">Medicine</a> and biology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disorders_of_sex_development" title="Disorders of sex development">Disorders of sex development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_diagnosis_of_intersex" title="Genetic diagnosis of intersex">Genetic diagnosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermaphrodite" title="Hermaphrodite">Hermaphrodite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_medical_interventions" title="Intersex medical interventions">Medical interventions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_intersex_surgery" title="History of intersex surgery">history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchidometer" title="Orchidometer">Orchidometer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phall-O-Meter" title="Phall-O-Meter">Phall-O-Meter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prader_scale" title="Prader scale">Prader scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quigley_scale" title="Quigley scale">Quigley scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_differentiation" title="Sexual differentiation">Sexual differentiation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society and culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Endosex" title="Endosex">Endosex</a> (antonym)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_civil_society_organizations" title="Intersex civil society organizations">Civil society organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_characters_in_fiction" title="Intersex characters in fiction">Fictional characters‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_representation_in_film" title="Intersex representation in film">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_system" title="Gender system">Gender system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guevedoce" class="mw-redirect" title="Guevedoce">Guevedoce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_flag" title="Intersex flag">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_and_LGBT" title="Intersex and LGBT">Intersex and LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_about_intersex" title="Literature about intersex">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_people_and_military_service" title="Intersex people and military service">Military service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_intersex_people" title="List of intersex people">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_people_and_religion" title="Intersex people and religion">Religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_religion" title="Ancient Greek religion">Ancient Greek religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aphroditus" title="Aphroditus">Aphroditus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermaphroditus" title="Hermaphroditus">Hermaphroditus</a></li></ul></li> <li>Judaism <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Androgynos" title="Androgynos">Androgynos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumtum_(Judaism)" title="Tumtum (Judaism)">Tumtum</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_researchers_on_intersex" title="List of researchers on intersex">Researchers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_verification_in_sports" title="Sex verification in sports">Sex verification in sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_works_about_intersex" title="Television works about intersex">Television</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History and events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_people_in_history" title="Intersex people in history">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_intersex_surgery" title="History of intersex surgery">of surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_intersex_history" title="Timeline of intersex history">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_Awareness_Day" title="Intersex Awareness Day">Intersex Awareness Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_Day_of_Remembrance" title="Intersex Day of Remembrance">Intersex Day of Remembrance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Intersex_Forum" title="International Intersex Forum">International Intersex Forum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rights by country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Argentina" title="Intersex rights in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Australia" title="Intersex rights in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Canada" title="Intersex rights in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Chile" title="Intersex rights in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_China" title="Intersex rights in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Colombia" title="Intersex rights in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_France" title="Intersex rights in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Germany" title="Intersex rights in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Kenya" title="Intersex rights in Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Malta" title="Intersex rights in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Mexico" title="Intersex rights in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Nepal" title="Intersex rights in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_New_Zealand" title="Intersex rights in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_South_Africa" title="Intersex rights in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Switzerland" title="Intersex rights in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Taiwan" title="Intersex rights in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Uganda" title="Intersex rights in Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Intersex rights in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_the_United_States" title="Intersex rights in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_people_in_the_United_States_military" title="Intersex people in the United States military">military</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_rights" title="Children's rights">Children's rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability" title="Disability">Disability</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disability_rights_movement" title="Disability rights movement">rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender" title="Gender">Gender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT">LGBT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Androgyny" title="Androgyny">Androgyny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-binary_gender" title="Non-binary gender">Non-binary gender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_recognition_of_non-binary_gender" title="Legal recognition of non-binary gender">Non-binary recognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queer_theory" title="Queer theory">Queer theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_gender" title="Third gender">Third gender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender" title="Transgender">Transgender</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_differences_in_humans" title="Sex differences in humans">Sex differences in humans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Intersex" title="Category:Intersex">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Spain_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Spain_topics" title="Template:Spain topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Spain_topics" title="Template talk:Spain topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Spain_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Spain topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Spain_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Spain" title="Outline of Spain">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Spain" title="History of Spain">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Spanish_history" title="Timeline of Spanish history">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Iberia" title="Prehistoric Iberia">Prehistoric Iberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Hispania" title="Timeline of Hispania">Ancient History Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispania" title="Hispania">Roman Hispania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Spain in the Middle Ages">Medieval Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconquista" title="Reconquista">Reconquista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Monarchs_of_Spain" title="Catholic Monarchs of Spain">Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habsburg_Spain" title="Habsburg Spain">Expansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlightenment_in_Spain" title="Enlightenment in Spain">Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Spain_(1808%E2%80%931874)" title="History of Spain (1808–1874)">Reaction and revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Spanish_Republic" title="First Spanish Republic">First Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restoration_(Spain)" title="Restoration (Spain)">Restoration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Spanish_Republic" title="Second Spanish Republic">Second Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francoist_Spain" title="Francoist Spain">Spain under Franco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_transition_to_democracy" title="Spanish transition to democracy">Transition to democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_history_of_Spain" title="Contemporary history of Spain">Contemporary Spain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Spain_(1975%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Spain (1975–present)">1975–present</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Spain" title="Outline of Spain">General overview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_Pre-Roman_peoples_of_the_Iberian_Peninsula" title="List of the Pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula">Pre-Roman Iberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Golden_Age" title="Spanish Golden Age">Golden Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Spain" title="Economic history of Spain">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Spain" title="Military history of Spain">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_miracle" title="Spanish miracle">Spanish miracle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Spain" title="Geography of Spain">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_communities_of_Spain#Autonomous_cities" title="Autonomous communities of Spain">Autonomous cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_communities_of_Spain" title="Autonomous communities of Spain">Autonomous communities</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ranked_lists_of_Spanish_autonomous_communities" title="Ranked lists of Spanish autonomous communities">ranked lists</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Network_of_Biosphere_Reserves_in_Europe_and_North_America" title="World Network of Biosphere Reserves in Europe and North America">Biosphere Reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Borders_of_Spain" title="Template:Borders of Spain">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Spain" title="Climate of Spain">Climate</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Comarcas_of_Spain" title="Comarcas of Spain">Comarcas</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Spain" title="List of earthquakes in Spain">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extreme_points_of_Spain" title="List of extreme points of Spain">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forests_of_the_Iberian_Peninsula" title="Forests of the Iberian Peninsula">Forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peninsular_Spain" title="Peninsular Spain">Peninsular Spain</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Spain" title="List of islands of Spain">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_of_Spain" title="List of municipalities of Spain">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_Spain" title="List of national parks of Spain">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sites_of_Community_Importance_in_Spain" title="List of Sites of Community Importance in Spain">Natural Sites of Community Importance</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Plazas_de_soberan%C3%ADa" title="Plazas de soberanía">Plazas de soberanía</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Spain" title="Provinces of Spain">Provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Spain" title="Wildlife of Spain">Wildlife</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Spain" title="Politics of Spain">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_communities_of_Spain" title="Autonomous communities of Spain">Autonomous communities of Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Spain" title="Constitution of Spain">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Spain" title="Corruption in Spain">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felipe_VI" title="Felipe VI">Head of State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Spain" title="Constitutional Court of Spain">Constitutional Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cortes_Generales" title="Cortes Generales">Cortes Generales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Spain" title="Judiciary of Spain">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Spain" title="Government of Spain">Government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Spain" title="Prime Minister of Spain">Prime Minister</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Spain" title="Elections in Spain">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Spain" title="Foreign relations of Spain">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Spain" title="Human rights in Spain">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Spain">LGBT</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Intersex</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Armed_Forces" title="Spanish Armed Forces">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Spain" title="Monarchy of Spain">Monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Spain" title="List of political parties in Spain">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Spain" title="List of wars involving Spain">Wars and armed conflicts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Spain" title="Economy of Spain">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Spain" title="Agriculture in Spain">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_Spain" title="List of banks in Spain">Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Spain" title="Automotive industry in Spain">Car industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_communities_of_Spain" title="Autonomous communities of Spain">Communities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Spanish_autonomous_communities_by_gross_domestic_product" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Spanish autonomous communities by gross domestic product">GDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Spanish_autonomous_communities_by_unemployment_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Spanish autonomous communities by unemployment rate">unemployment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Spanish_autonomous_communities_by_median_income" title="List of Spanish autonomous communities by median income">median income</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Spain" title="Economic history of Spain">Economic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Spain" title="Energy in Spain">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008%E2%80%932014_Spanish_financial_crisis" title="2008–2014 Spanish financial crisis">Financial crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forestry_in_Spain" title="Forestry in Spain">Forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_Spanish_companies" title="List of largest Spanish companies">Largest companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Spain" title="Taxation in Spain">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_property_bubble" title="Spanish property bubble">Property bubble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Spain" title="Science and technology in Spain">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Spain" title="Telecommunications in Spain">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Spain" title="Tourism in Spain">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_trade_unions_in_Spain" title="List of trade unions in Spain">Trade unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Spain" title="Transport in Spain">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_wine" title="Spanish wine">Wine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Spain" title="Category:Society of Spain">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Spain" title="Abortion in Spain">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Spain" title="Crime in Spain">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Spain" title="Demographics of Spain">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability_in_Spain" title="Disability in Spain">Disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Spain" title="Education in Spain">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euthanasia_in_Spain" title="Euthanasia in Spain">Euthanasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_care_in_Spain" title="Health care in Spain">Health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Spain" title="Homelessness in Spain">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Spain" title="Immigration to Spain">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_Spain" title="Irreligion in Spain">Irreligion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Spain" title="Languages of Spain">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Spanish_provinces_by_life_expectancy" title="List of Spanish provinces by life expectancy">Life expectancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naturism_in_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Naturism in Spain">Naturism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pensions_in_Spain" title="Pensions in Spain">Pensions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaniards" title="Spaniards">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Spain" title="Prostitution in Spain">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Spain" title="Religion in Spain">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Spain" title="Time in Spain">Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Spain" title="Women in Spain">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Spain" title="Culture of Spain">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_architecture" title="Spanish architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_art" title="Spanish art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullfighting" title="Bullfighting">Bullfighting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Spain" title="Cinema of Spain">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_cuisine" title="Spanish cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li>Fiestas <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fiestas_of_National_Tourist_Interest_of_Spain" title="Fiestas of National Tourist Interest of Spain">National Interest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiestas_of_International_Tourist_Interest_of_Spain" title="Fiestas of International Tourist Interest of Spain">International Interest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Spain" title="Languages of Spain">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_literature" title="Spanish literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Spain" title="Mass media in Spain">Mass media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Spain" title="Music of Spain">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_mythology" title="Spanish mythology">Myths and legends</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_and_regional_identity_in_Spain" title="National and regional identity in Spain">National and regional identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Day_of_Spain" title="National Day of Spain">National Day of Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Spain" title="Public holidays in Spain">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Spain" title="Sport in Spain">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Spain" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Spain">UNESCO World Heritage Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNESCO_Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_Lists" title="UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists">UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Spain" title="National symbols of Spain">Symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marcha_Real" title="Marcha Real">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Spain" title="Coat of arms of Spain">Coat of arms</a></li> <li>Cultural icons</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Spain" title="Flag of Spain">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osborne_bull" title="Osborne bull"><i>Toro de Osborne</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Spain" title="Outline of Spain">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Spain" title="Outline of Spain">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Spain" title="Category:Spain">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Spain" title="Portal:Spain">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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