CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Heart transplantation - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"95e93dd9-4e95-45df-9ec2-01e4f20a72cb","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Heart_transplantation","wgTitle":"Heart transplantation","wgCurRevisionId":1261022178,"wgRevisionId":1261022178,"wgArticleId":30876400,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Webarchive template wayback links","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2018","All articles containing potentially dated statements","Cardiac surgery","Organ transplantation"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Heart_transplantation","wgRelevantArticleId":30876400,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true, "wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q643396","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled": false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups", "ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Heart_transplant.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="699"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Heart_transplant.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="466"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="373"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Heart transplantation - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_transplantation"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Heart_transplantation&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_transplantation"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Heart_transplantation rootpage-Heart_transplantation skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Heart+transplantation" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Heart+transplantation" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Heart+transplantation" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Heart+transplantation" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contraindications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contraindications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Contraindications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contraindications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Complications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Complications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Complications</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Complications-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Complications subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Complications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rejection" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rejection"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Rejection</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rejection-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prognosis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prognosis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Prognosis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prognosis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Heart transplantation</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 40 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-40" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">40 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hartoorplanting" title="Hartoorplanting – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Hartoorplanting" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A8" title="زراعة القلب – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="زراعة القلب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Cr%C9%99k_transplantasiyas%C4%B1" title="Ürək transplantasiyası – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ürək transplantasiyası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Перасадка сэрца – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Перасадка сэрца" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trasplantament_card%C3%ADac" title="Trasplantament cardíac – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Trasplantament cardíac" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transplantace_srdce" title="Transplantace srdce – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Transplantace srdce" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hjertetransplantation" title="Hjertetransplantation – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hjertetransplantation" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herztransplantation" title="Herztransplantation – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Herztransplantation" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trasplante_de_coraz%C3%B3n" title="Trasplante de corazón – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Trasplante de corazón" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bihotz-transplante" title="Bihotz-transplante – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bihotz-transplante" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF_%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A8" title="پیوند قلب – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پیوند قلب" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transplantation_cardiaque" title="Transplantation cardiaque – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Transplantation cardiaque" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trasphland%C3%BA_cro%C3%AD" title="Trasphlandú croí – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Trasphlandú croí" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D6%80%D5%BF%D5%AB_%D6%83%D5%B8%D5%AD%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Սրտի փոխպատվաստում – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սրտի փոխպատվաստում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A3" title="हृदय प्रत्यारोपण – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="हृदय प्रत्यारोपण" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transplantasi_Jantung" title="Transplantasi Jantung – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Transplantasi Jantung" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trapianto_di_cuore" title="Trapianto di cuore – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Trapianto di cuore" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%AA%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%91" title="השתלת לב – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="השתלת לב" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translatio_cordis" title="Translatio cordis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Translatio cordis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirds_transplant%C4%81cija" title="Sirds transplantācija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Sirds transplantācija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sz%C3%ADv%C3%A1t%C3%BCltet%C3%A9s" title="Szívátültetés – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szívátültetés" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%83%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BD" title="ഹൃദയം മാറ്റിവെക്കൽ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഹൃദയം മാറ്റിവെക്കൽ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harttransplantatie" title="Harttransplantatie – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Harttransplantatie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E8%87%93%E7%A7%BB%E6%A4%8D" title="心臓移植 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="心臓移植" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B9%E0%AD%83%E0%AC%A4%E0%AD%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A3%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A1_%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%A3" title="ହୃତ୍‌ପିଣ୍ଡ ପ୍ରତିରୋପଣ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ହୃତ୍‌ପିଣ୍ଡ ପ୍ରତିରୋପଣ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yurak_transplantatsiyasi" title="Yurak transplantatsiyasi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Yurak transplantatsiyasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Przeszczepienie_serca" title="Przeszczepienie serca – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Przeszczepienie serca" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transplante_de_cora%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Transplante de coração – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Transplante de coração" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transplant_de_inim%C4%83" title="Transplant de inimă – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Transplant de inimă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Пересадка сердца – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пересадка сердца" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_transplant" title="Heart transplant – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Heart transplant" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transplant%C3%A1cia_srdca" title="Transplantácia srdca – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Transplantácia srdca" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syd%C3%A4mensiirto" title="Sydämensiirto – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sydämensiirto" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hj%C3%A4rttransplantation" title="Hjärttransplantation – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hjärttransplantation" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%88_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%88" title="இதய மாற்று அறுவை சிகிச்சை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இதய மாற்று அறுவை சிகிச்சை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalp_nakli" title="Kalp nakli – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kalp nakli" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86%D1%8F" title="Трансплантація серця – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Трансплантація серця" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%BA%A5y_gh%C3%A9p_tim" title="Cấy ghép tim – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cấy ghép tim" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8F%9B%E5%BF%83" title="換心 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="換心" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E8%84%8F%E7%A7%BB%E6%A4%8D" title="心脏移植 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="心脏移植" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q643396#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Heart_transplantation" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Heart_transplantation" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Heart_transplantation"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heart_transplantation&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heart_transplantation&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Heart_transplantation"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heart_transplantation&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heart_transplantation&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Heart_transplantation" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Heart_transplantation" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heart_transplantation&oldid=1261022178" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heart_transplantation&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Heart_transplantation&id=1261022178&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHeart_transplantation"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHeart_transplantation"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Heart_transplantation&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heart_transplantation&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Heart_transplantation" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q643396" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Surgical transplant procedure</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Medical intervention</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: lightblue">Heart transplantation</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Heart_transplant.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Heart_transplant.jpg/280px-Heart_transplant.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Heart_transplant.jpg/420px-Heart_transplant.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Heart_transplant.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="262" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">land illustrating the placement of a donor <a href="/wiki/Heart" title="Heart">heart</a> in an <b>orthotopic procedure</b>. Notice how the back of the patient's <a href="/wiki/Left_atrium" class="mw-redirect" title="Left atrium">left atrium</a> and <a href="/wiki/Great_vessels" title="Great vessels">great vessels</a> are left in place.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Medical_specialty" title="Medical specialty">Specialty</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span><span><a href="/wiki/Cardiology" title="Cardiology">Cardiology</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ICD-9-CM_Volume_3" title="ICD-9-CM Volume 3">ICD-9-CM</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://icd9cm.chrisendres.com/index.php?srchtype=procs&srchtext=37.51&Submit=Search&action=search">37.51</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="reflink plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D016027">D016027</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/MedlinePlus" title="MedlinePlus">MedlinePlus</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="reflink plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003003.htm">003003</a></span></td></tr><tr class="noprint"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="text-align: right;">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q643396" class="extiw" title="d:Q643396">edit on Wikidata</a>]</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>heart transplant</b>, or a <b>cardiac transplant</b>, is a <a href="/wiki/Surgery" title="Surgery">surgical</a> <a href="/wiki/Organ_transplant" class="mw-redirect" title="Organ transplant">transplant</a> procedure performed on patients with end-stage <a href="/wiki/Heart_failure" title="Heart failure">heart failure</a> or severe <a href="/wiki/Coronary_artery_disease" title="Coronary artery disease">coronary artery disease</a> when other medical or surgical treatments have failed. As of 2018<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Heart_transplantation&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the most common procedure is to take a functioning <a href="/wiki/Heart" title="Heart">heart</a>, with or without both lungs, from a recently deceased <a href="/wiki/Organ_donor" class="mw-redirect" title="Organ donor">organ donor</a> (<a href="/wiki/Brain_death" title="Brain death">brain death</a> is the standard<sup id="cite_ref-kilic2014_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kilic2014-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) and implant it into the patient. The patient's own heart is either removed and replaced with the donor heart (<a href="/wiki/List_of_orthotopic_procedures" title="List of orthotopic procedures">orthotopic procedure</a>) or, much less commonly, the recipient's diseased heart is left in place to support the donor heart (heterotopic, or "piggyback", transplant procedure). </p><p>Approximately 3,500 heart transplants are performed each year worldwide, more than half of which are in the US.<sup id="cite_ref-Cook_JA_2180_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cook_JA_2180-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Post-operative survival periods average 15 years.<sup id="cite_ref-2007_documentary_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2007_documentary-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Heart transplantation is not considered to be a cure for heart disease; rather it is a life-saving treatment intended to improve the quality and duration of life for a recipient.<sup id="cite_ref-burch2004_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-burch2004-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heart_transplantation&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Transport_bij%C3%ADc%C3%ADho_srdce.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Transport_bij%C3%ADc%C3%ADho_srdce.jpg/220px-Transport_bij%C3%ADc%C3%ADho_srdce.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Transport_bij%C3%ADc%C3%ADho_srdce.jpg/330px-Transport_bij%C3%ADc%C3%ADho_srdce.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Transport_bij%C3%ADc%C3%ADho_srdce.jpg/440px-Transport_bij%C3%ADc%C3%ADho_srdce.jpg 2x" data-file-width="880" data-file-height="657" /></a><figcaption>A beating heart awaiting transplant</figcaption></figure> <p>American medical researcher <a href="/wiki/Simon_Flexner" title="Simon Flexner">Simon Flexner</a> was one of the first people to mention the possibility of heart transplantation. In 1907, he wrote the paper "Tendencies in Pathology," in which he said that it would be possible one day by surgery to <a href="/wiki/Organ_transplantation" title="Organ transplantation">replace diseased human organs</a> – including arteries, stomach, <a href="/wiki/Kidney_transplantation" title="Kidney transplantation">kidneys</a> and heart.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Not having a human donor heart available, <a href="/wiki/James_Hardy_(surgeon)" title="James Hardy (surgeon)">James D. Hardy</a> of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Mississippi_Medical_Center" title="University of Mississippi Medical Center">University of Mississippi Medical Center</a> transplanted the heart of a chimpanzee into the chest of dying <a href="/wiki/Boyd_Rush" title="Boyd Rush">Boyd Rush</a> in the early morning of Jan. 24, 1964. Hardy used a defibrillator to shock the heart to restart beating. This heart did beat in Rush's chest for 60 to 90 minutes (sources differ), and then Rush died without regaining consciousness.<sup id="cite_ref-JAMA,_June_29,_1964_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JAMA,_June_29,_1964-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Every_Second_Counts,_Ch._7_'Mississippi_Gambling'_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Every_Second_Counts,_Ch._7_'Mississippi_Gambling'-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-New_York_Times,_obituary,_Feb._2003_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-New_York_Times,_obituary,_Feb._2003-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although Hardy was a respected surgeon who had performed the world's first human-to-human lung transplant a year earlier,<sup id="cite_ref-JAMA-December-1963_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JAMA-December-1963-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Second-Wind-Mary-Jo-Festle-2012_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Second-Wind-Mary-Jo-Festle-2012-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> author Donald McRae states that Hardy could feel the "icy disdain" from fellow surgeons at the Sixth International Transplantation Conference several weeks after this attempt with the chimpanzee heart.<sup id="cite_ref-Every_Second_Counts,_page_126_top_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Every_Second_Counts,_page_126_top-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hardy had been inspired by the limited success of <a href="/wiki/Keith_Reemtsma" title="Keith Reemtsma">Keith Reemtsma</a> at <a href="/wiki/Tulane_University" title="Tulane University">Tulane University</a> in transplanting chimpanzee kidneys into human patients with kidney failure.<sup id="cite_ref-Brief-History-of-Cross-Species-Baylor-2012_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brief-History-of-Cross-Species-Baylor-2012-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The consent form Hardy asked Rush's stepsister to sign did not include the possibility that a chimpanzee heart might be used, although Hardy stated that he did include this in verbal discussions.<sup id="cite_ref-Every_Second_Counts,_Ch._7_'Mississippi_Gambling'_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Every_Second_Counts,_Ch._7_'Mississippi_Gambling'-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Brief-History-of-Cross-Species-Baylor-2012_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brief-History-of-Cross-Species-Baylor-2012-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Xenotransplantation-McLean-Williamson-page-50_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Xenotransplantation-McLean-Williamson-page-50-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Xenotransplantation" title="Xenotransplantation">xenotransplantation</a> is the technical term for the transplant of an organ or tissue from one species to another. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Dhaniram_Baruah" title="Dhaniram Baruah">Dr Dhaniram Baruah</a> of <a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a>, India was the first heart surgeon to transplant a pig's heart in human body.<sup id="cite_ref-Hindu,_Jan._15,_2022_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hindu,_Jan._15,_2022-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However the recipient died subsequently. The world's first successful pig-to-human heart transplant was performed in January 2022 by surgeon <a href="/wiki/Bartley_P._Griffith" title="Bartley P. Griffith">Bartley P. Griffith</a> of USA.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC,_Jan._15,_2022_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC,_Jan._15,_2022-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The world's first human-to-human heart transplant was performed by <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South African</a> cardiac surgeon <a href="/wiki/Christiaan_Barnard" title="Christiaan Barnard">Christiaan Barnard</a> utilizing the techniques developed by American surgeons <a href="/wiki/Norman_Shumway" title="Norman Shumway">Norman Shumway</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Lower_(surgeon)" title="Richard Lower (surgeon)">Richard Lower</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-mcrae2007_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mcrae2007-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Patient <a href="/wiki/Louis_Washkansky" title="Louis Washkansky">Louis Washkansky</a> received this transplant on December 3, 1967, at the <a href="/wiki/Groote_Schuur_Hospital" title="Groote Schuur Hospital">Groote Schuur Hospital</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cape_Town" title="Cape Town">Cape Town</a>, South Africa. Washkansky, however, died 18 days later from <a href="/wiki/Pneumonia" title="Pneumonia">pneumonia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-mcrae2007_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mcrae2007-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Daily_I_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Daily_I-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NY_Times,_Dec._21,_1967_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NY_Times,_Dec._21,_1967-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On December 6, 1967, at <a href="/wiki/Maimonides_Medical_Center" title="Maimonides Medical Center">Maimonides Hospital</a> in Brooklyn, New York, <a href="/wiki/Adrian_Kantrowitz" title="Adrian Kantrowitz">Adrian Kantrowitz</a> performed the world's first <a href="/wiki/Pediatrics" title="Pediatrics">pediatric</a> heart transplant.<sup id="cite_ref-mcrae2007_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mcrae2007-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The infant's new heart stopped beating after 7 hours and could not be restarted. At a following press conference, Kantrowitz emphasized that he did not consider the operation a success.<sup id="cite_ref-Heart:_An_American_Medical_Odyssey,_Dick_Cheney,_Jonathan_Reiner,_MD,_Liz_Cheney,_2013_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heart:_An_American_Medical_Odyssey,_Dick_Cheney,_Jonathan_Reiner,_MD,_Liz_Cheney,_2013-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Norman Shumway performed the first adult heart transplant in the United States on January 6, 1968, at the <a href="/wiki/Stanford_Hospital_and_Clinics" class="mw-redirect" title="Stanford Hospital and Clinics">Stanford University Hospital</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-mcrae2007_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mcrae2007-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A team led by <a href="/wiki/Donald_Ross_(surgeon)" title="Donald Ross (surgeon)">Donald Ross</a> performed the first heart transplant in the United Kingdom on May 3, 1968.<sup id="cite_ref-HoMBRG_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HoMBRG-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These were <a href="/wiki/Allotransplantation" title="Allotransplantation">allotransplants</a>, the technical term for a transplant from a non-genetically identical individual of the same species. <a href="/wiki/Brain_death" title="Brain death">Brain death</a> is the current ethical standard for when a heart donation can be allowed. </p><p>Worldwide, more than 100 transplants were performed by various doctors during 1968.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Only a third of these patients lived longer than three months.<sup id="cite_ref-Adrian_Kantrowitz_Papers_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adrian_Kantrowitz_Papers-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The next big breakthrough came in 1983 when <a href="/wiki/Ciclosporin" title="Ciclosporin">cyclosporine</a> entered widespread usage. This drug enabled much smaller amounts of <a href="/wiki/Corticosteroid" title="Corticosteroid">corticosteroids</a> to be used to prevent many cases of rejection (the "corticosteroid-sparing" effect of cyclosporine).<sup id="cite_ref-South_African_Medical_Journal,_2012_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-South_African_Medical_Journal,_2012-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On June 9, 1984, "JP" Lovette IV of <a href="/wiki/Denver" title="Denver">Denver</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a>, became the world's first successful pediatric heart transplant. <a href="/wiki/Columbia-Presbyterian_Medical_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center">Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center</a> surgeons transplanted the heart of 4-year-old John Nathan Ford of Harlem into 4-year-old JP a day after the Harlem child died of injuries received in a fall from a fire escape at his home. JP was born with multiple heart defects. The transplant was done by a surgical team led by Dr. Eric A. Rose, director of cardiac transplantation at <a href="/wiki/New_York%E2%80%93Presbyterian_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="New York–Presbyterian Hospital">New York–Presbyterian Hospital</a>. Drs. Keith Reemtsma and Fred Bowman also were members of the team for the six-hour operation.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1988, the first "domino" heart transplant was performed, in which a patient in need of a lung transplant with a healthy heart would receive a <a href="/wiki/Heart-lung_transplant" class="mw-redirect" title="Heart-lung transplant">heart-lung transplant</a>, and their original heart would be transplanted into someone else.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Worldwide, about 3,500 heart transplants are performed annually. The majority of these are performed in the United States (2,000–2,300 annually).<sup id="cite_ref-Cook_JA_2180_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cook_JA_2180-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Cedars-Sinai_Medical_Center" title="Cedars-Sinai Medical Center">Cedars-Sinai Medical Center</a> in Los Angeles, California, currently is the largest heart transplant center in the world, having performed 132 adult transplants in 2015 alone.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> About 800,000 people have <a href="/wiki/New_York_Heart_Association_Functional_Classification" title="New York Heart Association Functional Classification">NYHA Class IV heart failure symptoms</a> indicating advanced heart failure.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The great disparity between the number of patients needing transplants and the number of procedures being performed spurred research into the transplantation of non-human hearts into humans after 1993. <a href="/wiki/Xenograft" class="mw-redirect" title="Xenograft">Xenografts</a> from other species and <a href="/wiki/Artificial_heart" title="Artificial heart">artificial hearts</a> are two less successful alternatives to <a href="/wiki/Allograft" class="mw-redirect" title="Allograft">allografts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2007_documentary_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2007_documentary-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ability of medical teams to perform transplants continues to expand. For example, <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a>'s first heart transplant was successfully performed at the <a href="/wiki/Kandy_General_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="Kandy General Hospital">Kandy General Hospital</a> on July 7, 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In recent years, donor heart preservation has improved and Organ Care System is being used in some centers in order to reduce the harmful effect of cold storage.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> During heart transplant, the <a href="/wiki/Vagus_nerve" title="Vagus nerve">vagus nerve</a> is severed, thus removing <a href="/wiki/Parasympathetic" class="mw-redirect" title="Parasympathetic">parasympathetic</a> influence over the <a href="/wiki/Myocardium" class="mw-redirect" title="Myocardium">myocardium</a>. However, some limited return of <a href="/wiki/Sympathetic_nerve" class="mw-redirect" title="Sympathetic nerve">sympathetic nerves</a> has been demonstrated in humans.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div class="display-none" style="display:none;">{{{1}}}</div> <p>Recently, Australian researchers found a way to give more time for a heart to survive prior to the transplant, almost double the time.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Heart transplantation using donation after circulatory death (DCD) was recently adopted and can help in reducing waitlist time while increasing transplant rate.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Critically ill patients that are unsuitable for heart transplantation can be rescued and optimized with mechanical circulatory support, and bridged successfully to heart transplantation afterwards with good outcomes.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On January 7, 2022, <a href="/wiki/David_Bennett_Sr." class="mw-redirect" title="David Bennett Sr.">David Bennett</a>, aged 57, of Maryland became the first person to receive a gene-edited pig heart in a transplant at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Maryland_Medical_Center" title="University of Maryland Medical Center">University of Maryland Medical Center</a>. Before the transplant, David was unable to receive a human heart due to the patient's past conditions with heart failure and an irregular heartbeat, causing surgeons to use the pig heart that was genetically modified.<sup id="cite_ref-AP_2022_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP_2022-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-The_New_York_Times_2022_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_New_York_Times_2022-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bennett died two months later at University of Maryland Medical Center on March 8, 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_News_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_News-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contraindications">Contraindications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heart_transplantation&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Contraindications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some patients are less suitable for a heart transplant, especially if they have other <a href="/wiki/Circulatory" class="mw-redirect" title="Circulatory">circulatory</a> conditions related to their heart condition. The following conditions in a patient increase the chances of <a href="/wiki/Complication_(medicine)" title="Complication (medicine)">complications</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Absolute contraindications: </p> <ul><li>Irreversible <a href="/wiki/Kidney_disease" title="Kidney disease">kidney</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lung_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Lung disease">lung</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Liver_disease" title="Liver disease">liver</a> disease<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Active cancer if it is likely to impact the survival of the patient</li> <li>Life-threatening diseases unrelated to the cause of <a href="/wiki/Heart_failure" title="Heart failure">heart failure</a>, including acute infection or systemic disease such as <a href="/wiki/Systemic_lupus_erythematosus" class="mw-redirect" title="Systemic lupus erythematosus">systemic lupus erythematosus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sarcoidosis" title="Sarcoidosis">sarcoidosis</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Amyloidosis" title="Amyloidosis">amyloidosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vascular_disease" title="Vascular disease">Vascular disease</a> of the neck and leg arteries.</li> <li>High pulmonary vascular resistance – over 5 or 6 <a href="/wiki/Vascular_resistance" title="Vascular resistance">Wood units</a>.</li></ul> <p>Relative contraindications: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Insulin" title="Insulin">Insulin</a>-dependent <a href="/wiki/Diabetes" title="Diabetes">diabetes</a> with severe organ dysfunction</li> <li>Recent <a href="/wiki/Thromboembolism" title="Thromboembolism">thromboembolism</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Stroke" title="Stroke">stroke</a></li> <li>Severe <a href="/wiki/Obesity" title="Obesity">obesity</a></li> <li>Age over 65 years (some variation between centers) – older patients are usually evaluated on an individual basis.</li> <li>Active <a href="/wiki/Substance_use_disorder" title="Substance use disorder">substance use disorder</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_use_disorder" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcohol use disorder">alcohol</a>, recreational drugs or <a href="/wiki/Tobacco" title="Tobacco">tobacco</a> smoking (which increases the chance of lung disease)</li></ul> <p><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Patients who are in need of a heart transplant but do not qualify may be candidates for an <a href="/wiki/Artificial_heart" title="Artificial heart">artificial heart</a><sup id="cite_ref-Cook_JA_2180_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cook_JA_2180-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or a <a href="/wiki/Left_ventricular_assist_device" class="mw-redirect" title="Left ventricular assist device">left ventricular assist device</a> (LVAD). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Complications">Complications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heart_transplantation&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Complications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Potential complications include:<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Post-operative" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-operative">Post-operative</a> complications include infection and <a href="/wiki/Sepsis" title="Sepsis">sepsis</a>. The surgery death rate was 5–10% in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Acute or chronic graft rejection</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cardiac_allograft_vasculopathy" title="Cardiac allograft vasculopathy">Cardiac allograft vasculopathy</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li>Atrial arrhythmia</li> <li>Lymphoproliferative malignancy</li> <li>Increased risk of secondary infections due to <a href="/wiki/Immunosuppressive_medication" class="mw-redirect" title="Immunosuppressive medication">immunosuppressive medication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serum_sickness" title="Serum sickness">Serum sickness</a> due to <a href="/wiki/Anti-thymocyte_globulin" title="Anti-thymocyte globulin">anti-thymocyte globulin</a></li> <li>Tricuspid valve regurgitation</li> <li>Repeated <a href="/wiki/Endomyocardial_biopsy" title="Endomyocardial biopsy">endomyocardial biopsy</a> can cause bleeding and thrombosis <sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rejection">Rejection</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heart_transplantation&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Rejection"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since the transplanted heart originates from another organism, the recipient's immune system will attempt to reject it regardless if the donor heart matches the recipient's blood type (unless if the donor is an isograft). Like other solid organ transplants, the risk of rejection never fully goes away, and the patient will be on immunosuppressive drugs for the rest of their life. Usage of these drugs may cause unwanted side effects, such as an increased likelihood of contracting secondary infections or develop certain types of cancer. Recipients can acquire kidney disease from a heart transplant due to the side effects of immunosuppressant medications. Many recent advances in reducing complications due to tissue rejection stem from mouse heart transplant procedures.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>People who have had heart transplants are monitored in various ways to test for possible organ rejection.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 2022 pilot study<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> examining the acceptability and feasibility of using video directly observed therapy to increase medication adherence in adolescent heart transplant patients showed promising results of 90.1% medication adherence compared to 40-60% typically. Higher medication variability levels can lead to greater organ rejections and other poor outcomes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prognosis">Prognosis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heart_transplantation&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Prognosis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The prognosis for heart transplant patients following the orthotopic procedure has improved over the past 20 years, and as of June 5, 2009 the survival rates were:<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>1 year: 88.0% (males), 86.2% (females)</li> <li>3 years: 79.3% (males), 77.2% (females)</li> <li>5 years: 73.2% (males), 69.0% (females)</li></ul> <p>In 2007, researchers from the <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University_School_of_Medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine">Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine</a> discovered that "men receiving female hearts had a 15% increase in the risk of adjusted cumulative mortality" over five years compared to men receiving male hearts. Survival rates for women did not significantly differ based on male or female donors.<sup id="cite_ref-weiss2009_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-weiss2009-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heart_transplantation&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_heart" title="Artificial heart">Artificial heart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biological_pacemaker" title="Biological pacemaker">Biological pacemaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenotransplantation" title="Xenotransplantation">Xenotransplantation</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heart_transplantation&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-kilic2014-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kilic2014_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKilicEmaniSai-SudhakarHiggins2014" class="citation journal cs1">Kilic A, Emani S, Sai-Sudhakar CB, Higgins RS, Whitson BA, et al. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4133543">"Donor selection in heart transplantation"</a>. <i>Journal of Thoracic Disease</i>. <b>6</b> (8): 1097–1104. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3978%2Fj.issn.2072-1439.2014.03.23">10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2014.03.23</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4133543">4133543</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25132976">25132976</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Thoracic+Disease&rft.atitle=Donor+selection+in+heart+transplantation&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=1097-1104&rft.date=2014&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4133543%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25132976&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3978%2Fj.issn.2072-1439.2014.03.23&rft.aulast=Kilic&rft.aufirst=A&rft.au=Emani%2C+S&rft.au=Sai-Sudhakar%2C+CB&rft.au=Higgins%2C+RS&rft.au=Whitson%2C+BA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4133543&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeart+transplantation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cook_JA_2180-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cook_JA_2180_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cook_JA_2180_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cook_JA_2180_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCookShahQuader2015" class="citation journal cs1">Cook JA, Shah KB, Quader MA, et al. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4703693">"The total artificial heart"</a>. <i>Journal of Thoracic Disease</i>. <b>7</b> (12): 2172–80. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3978%2Fj.issn.2072-1439.2015.10.70">10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2015.10.70</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4703693">4703693</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26793338">26793338</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Thoracic+Disease&rft.atitle=The+total+artificial+heart&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=2172-80&rft.date=2015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4703693%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F26793338&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3978%2Fj.issn.2072-1439.2015.10.70&rft.aulast=Cook&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.au=Shah%2C+KB&rft.au=Quader%2C+MA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4703693&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeart+transplantation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2007_documentary-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2007_documentary_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2007_documentary_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1">Till Lehmann (director) (2007). <i>The Heart-Makers: The Future of Transplant Medicine</i> (documentary film). Germany: LOOKS film and television.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Heart-Makers%3A+The+Future+of+Transplant+Medicine&rft.place=Germany&rft.pub=LOOKS+film+and+television&rft.date=2007&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeart+transplantation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-burch2004-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-burch2004_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurch_M.Aurora_P.2004" class="citation journal cs1">Burch M.; Aurora P. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1719883">"Current status of paediatric heart, lung, and heart-lung transplantation"</a>. <i>Archives of Disease in Childhood</i>. <b>89</b> (4): 386–89. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fadc.2002.017186">10.1136/adc.2002.017186</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1719883">1719883</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15033856">15033856</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Disease+in+Childhood&rft.atitle=Current+status+of+paediatric+heart%2C+lung%2C+and+heart-lung+transplantation&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=386-89&rft.date=2004&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1719883%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15033856&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Fadc.2002.017186&rft.au=Burch+M.&rft.au=Aurora+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1719883&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeart+transplantation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1908/01/02/104713376.pdf">May Transplant the Human Heart</a> (<a href="/wiki/Portable_Document_Format" class="mw-redirect" title="Portable Document Format">.PDF</a>), <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, January 2, 1908.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JAMA,_June_29,_1964-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-JAMA,_June_29,_1964_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHardy_James_D.Chavez_Carlos_M.Kurrus_Fred_D.Neely_William_A.1964" class="citation journal cs1">Hardy James D.; Chavez Carlos M.; Kurrus Fred D.; Neely William A.; Eraslan Sadan; Turner M. Don; Fabian Leonard W.; Labecki Thaddeus D. (1964). "Heart Transplantation in Man". <i>JAMA</i>. <b>188</b> (13). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1001%2Fjama.1964.03060390034008">10.1001/jama.1964.03060390034008</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAMA&rft.atitle=Heart+Transplantation+in+Man&rft.volume=188&rft.issue=13&rft.date=1964&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1001%2Fjama.1964.03060390034008&rft.au=Hardy+James+D.&rft.au=Chavez+Carlos+M.&rft.au=Kurrus+Fred+D.&rft.au=Neely+William+A.&rft.au=Eraslan+Sadan&rft.au=Turner+M.+Don&rft.au=Fabian+Leonard+W.&rft.au=Labecki+Thaddeus+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeart+transplantation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Every_Second_Counts,_Ch._7_'Mississippi_Gambling'-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Every_Second_Counts,_Ch._7_'Mississippi_Gambling'_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Every_Second_Counts,_Ch._7_'Mississippi_Gambling'_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Every Second Counts: The Race to Transplant the First Human Heart</i>, Donald McRae, New York: Penguin (Berkley/Putnam), 2006, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2Fv9dRT9TC4C&q=%22Neighbors+confirmed+that+his+name+was+Boyd+Rush.++They+described+him+as+a+retired+upholsterer%22&pg=PT109">Ch. 7 "Mississippi Gambling"</a>, pp. 123–27. This source states the heartbeat for approximately one hour.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-New_York_Times,_obituary,_Feb._2003-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-New_York_Times,_obituary,_Feb._2003_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2003/02/21/us/james-d-hardy-84-dies-paved-way-for-transplants.html">James D. Hardy, 84, Dies; Paved Way for Transplants</a>, Obituary, <i>New York Times</i> (Associated Press), Feb. 21, 2003. This source states the transplanted chimpanzee heartbeat for 90 minutes.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JAMA-December-1963-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-JAMA-December-1963_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHardy_James_D1963" class="citation journal cs1">Hardy James D (1963). "Lung Homotransplantation in Man". <i>JAMA</i>. <b>186</b> (12): 1065–74. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1001%2Fjama.1963.63710120001010">10.1001/jama.1963.63710120001010</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14061414">14061414</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAMA&rft.atitle=Lung+Homotransplantation+in+Man&rft.volume=186&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=1065-74&rft.date=1963&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1001%2Fjama.1963.63710120001010&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F14061414&rft.au=Hardy+James+D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeart+transplantation" class="Z3988"></span> See also <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGriscom_NT1963" class="citation journal cs1">Griscom NT (1963). "Lung Transplantation". <i>JAMA</i>. <b>186</b> (12): 1088. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1001%2Fjama.1963.03710120070015">10.1001/jama.1963.03710120070015</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14061420">14061420</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAMA&rft.atitle=Lung+Transplantation&rft.volume=186&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=1088&rft.date=1963&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1001%2Fjama.1963.03710120070015&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F14061420&rft.au=Griscom+NT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeart+transplantation" class="Z3988"></span> in same issue.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Second-Wind-Mary-Jo-Festle-2012-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Second-Wind-Mary-Jo-Festle-2012_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FeZeAQAAQBAJ&dq=Russ%2A+pneumonia+transplant%2A+Hardy&pg=PT72">Second Wind: Oral Histories of Lung Transplant Survivors</a>, Mary Jo Festle, Palgrave MacMillan, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Every_Second_Counts,_page_126_top-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Every_Second_Counts,_page_126_top_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Every Second Counts</i>, McRae, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2Fv9dRT9TC4C&q=%22Hardy+arrived+at+the+Sixth+International+Transplantation+Conference%22&pg=PT111">page 126, top</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brief-History-of-Cross-Species-Baylor-2012-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brief-History-of-Cross-Species-Baylor-2012_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brief-History-of-Cross-Species-Baylor-2012_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCooper_DK2012" class="citation journal cs1">Cooper DK (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3246856">"A brief history of cross-species organ transplantation"</a>. <i>Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent)</i>. <b>25</b> (1): 49–57. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F08998280.2012.11928783">10.1080/08998280.2012.11928783</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3246856">3246856</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22275786">22275786</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proc+%28Bayl+Univ+Med+Cent%29&rft.atitle=A+brief+history+of+cross-species+organ+transplantation&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=49-57&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3246856%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22275786&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F08998280.2012.11928783&rft.au=Cooper+DK&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3246856&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeart+transplantation" class="Z3988"></span> ' … the consent form for Hardy's operation – which, in view of the patient's semi-comatose condition, was signed by a close relative – stipulated that no heart transplant had ever been performed, but made no mention of the fact that an animal heart might be used for the procedure. Such was the medicolegal situation at that time that this "informed" consent was not considered in any way inadequate. . '</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Xenotransplantation-McLean-Williamson-page-50-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Xenotransplantation-McLean-Williamson-page-50_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Xenotransplantation: Law and Ethics</i>, Sheila McLean, Laura Williamson, University of Glasgow, UK, Ashgate Publishing, 2005, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=J2IUYkHHezwC&q=%22Hardy+contended+that+he+had+discussed+the+procedure+in+detail+with+relatives%22&pg=PA50">p. 50</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hindu,_Jan._15,_2022-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hindu,_Jan._15,_2022_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/assam-pioneer-of-pig-heart-transplant-now-working-on-biomolecular-treatment/article38266334.ece">"Pig Heart Transplanted in Human"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>. 2022-01-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-01-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Pig+Heart+Transplanted+in+Human&rft.date=2022-01-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fsci-tech%2Fscience%2Fassam-pioneer-of-pig-heart-transplant-now-working-on-biomolecular-treatment%2Farticle38266334.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeart+transplantation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC,_Jan._15,_2022-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BBC,_Jan._15,_2022_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-59944889">"Man Gets Genetically Modified Pig Heart"</a>. <i>BBC</i>. 2022-01-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-01-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Man+Gets+Genetically+Modified+Pig+Heart&rft.date=2022-01-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-us-canada-59944889&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeart+transplantation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mcrae2007-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mcrae2007_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mcrae2007_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mcrae2007_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mcrae2007_16-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Donald_McRae_(author)" title="Donald McRae (author)">McRae, D.</a> (2006). <i>Every Second Counts: The Race to Transplant the First Human Heart</i>, New York: Penguin (Berkley/Putnam).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://s//www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/norman-shumway-466720.html">Norman Shumway: Father of heart transplantation who also performed the world's first heart-lung transplant</a>, Obituary, <i>The Independent</i> [UK], 16 Feb. 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Daily_I-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Daily_I_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Memories of the Heart". <i>Daily Intelligencer</i>. Doylestown, Pennsylvania. November 29, 1987. p. A–18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Intelligencer&rft.atitle=Memories+of+the+Heart&rft.pages=A-18&rft.date=1987-11-29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeart+transplantation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NY_Times,_Dec._21,_1967-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NY_Times,_Dec._21,_1967_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1967/12/22/archives/pneumonia-blamed-in-transplant-patients-death-new-candidate.html">"Pneumonia Blamed in Transplant Patient's Death"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. 1967-12-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-01-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Pneumonia+Blamed+in+Transplant+Patient%27s+Death&rft.date=1967-12-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1967%2F12%2F22%2Farchives%2Fpneumonia-blamed-in-transplant-patients-death-new-candidate.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeart+transplantation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lyons, Richard D. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1967/12/07/archives/heart-transplant-fails-to-save-2weekold-baby-in-brooklyn-heart.html">"Heart Transplant Fails to Save 2-Week-old Baby in Brooklyn; Heart Transplant Fails to Save Baby Infants' Surgery Harder Working Side by Side Gives Colleague Credit"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, December 7, 1967. Accessed November 19, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Heart:_An_American_Medical_Odyssey,_Dick_Cheney,_Jonathan_Reiner,_MD,_Liz_Cheney,_2013-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Heart:_An_American_Medical_Odyssey,_Dick_Cheney,_Jonathan_Reiner,_MD,_Liz_Cheney,_2013_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Heart: An American Medical Odyssey</i>, Dick Cheney, Richard B. Cheney, Jonathan Reiner, MD, with Liz Cheney, Scribner (division of Simon & Schuster), 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LIJ1lVpfaLUC&q=%22Adrian+Kantrowitz%22+Jaime&pg=PT289">"Three days later, on December 6, 1967, Dr. Adrian Kantrowitz"</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HoMBRG-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HoMBRG_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTilli_TanseyLois_Reynolds1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tilli_Tansey" title="Tilli Tansey">Tilli Tansey</a>; Lois Reynolds, eds. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.histmodbiomed.org/witsem/vol3"><i>Early heart transplant surgery in the UK</i></a>. Wellcome Witnesses to Contemporary Medicine. <a href="/wiki/History_of_Modern_Biomedicine_Research_Group" title="History of Modern Biomedicine Research Group">History of Modern Biomedicine Research Group</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84129-007-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84129-007-2"><bdi>978-1-84129-007-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL12568266M">12568266M</a>. <a href="/wiki/WDQ_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="WDQ (identifier)">Wikidata</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29581627" class="extiw" title="d:Q29581627">Q29581627</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Early+heart+transplant+surgery+in+the+UK&rft.series=Wellcome+Witnesses+to+Contemporary+Medicine&rft.pub=History+of+Modern+Biomedicine+Research+Group&rft.date=1999&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL12568266M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.isbn=978-1-84129-007-2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.histmodbiomed.org%2Fwitsem%2Fvol3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeart+transplantation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dspace.ucalgary.ca/bitstream/1880/48963/1/2009_HMD_Elzinga.pdf">Major Medical Milestones Leading Up To the First Human Heart Transplantation</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160714140947/http://dspace.ucalgary.ca/bitstream/1880/48963/1/2009_HMD_Elzinga.pdf">Archived</a> 2016-07-14 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Kate Elzinga, from <i>Proceedings of the 18th Annual History of Medicine Days Conference 2009: The University of Calgary Faculty of Medicine, Alberta, Canada</i>, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2011. " . . following Barnard's landmark heart transplantation on December 3, 1967, 107 human heart transplants were performed by 64 surgical teams in 24 countries in 1968. . "</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Adrian_Kantrowitz_Papers-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Adrian_Kantrowitz_Papers_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/retrieve/Narrative/GN/p-nid/315">The Adrian Kantrowitz Papers, Replacing Hearts: Left Ventricle Assist Devices and Transplants, 1960–1970</a>, National Institutes of Health, U.S. National Library of Medicine.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-South_African_Medical_Journal,_2012-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-South_African_Medical_Journal,_2012_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.samj.org.za/index.php/samj/article/view/5020/4123">Transplantation of the heart: An overview of 40 years' clinical and research experience at Groote Schuur Hospital and the University of Cape Town</a>, <i>South African Medical Journal</i>, "Part I. Surgical experience and clinical studies." J Hassoulas, Vol. 102, No. 6 (2012).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/news/talk-guy-lot-heart-1st-kid-new-ticker-doc-article-1.664815">"Talk About a Guy With a Lot of Heart 1st kid to get new ticker wants to be doc"</a> NY Daily News, 13 April 2003</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaffaPellegriniViganò2010" class="citation journal cs1">Raffa, G.M.; Pellegrini, C.; Viganò, M. (November 2010). "Domino Heart Transplantation: Long-Term Outcome of Recipients and Their Living Donors: Single Center Experience". <i>Transplantation Proceedings</i>. <b>42</b> (9): 3688–93. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.transproceed.2010.09.002">10.1016/j.transproceed.2010.09.002</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21094839">21094839</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transplantation+Proceedings&rft.atitle=Domino+Heart+Transplantation%3A+Long-Term+Outcome+of+Recipients+and+Their+Living+Donors%3A+Single+Center+Experience&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=3688-93&rft.date=2010-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.transproceed.2010.09.002&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21094839&rft.aulast=Raffa&rft.aufirst=G.M.&rft.au=Pellegrini%2C+C.&rft.au=Vigan%C3%B2%2C+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeart+transplantation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161025051617/http://www.srtr.org/csr/current/Centers/centerdetail.aspx?facility=CACSTX1HR">"SRTR – Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients"</a>. <i>www.srtr.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.srtr.org/csr/current/Centers/centerdetail.aspx?facility=CACSTX1HR">the original</a> on 2016-10-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-10-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.srtr.org&rft.atitle=SRTR+%E2%80%93+Scientific+Registry+of+Transplant+Recipients&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.srtr.org%2Fcsr%2Fcurrent%2FCenters%2Fcenterdetail.aspx%3Ffacility%3DCACSTX1HR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeart+transplantation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1">Reiner Körfer (interviewee) (2007). <i>The Heart-Makers: The Future of Transplant Medicine</i> (documentary film). Germany: LOOKS film and television.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Heart-Makers%3A+The+Future+of+Transplant+Medicine&rft.place=Germany&rft.pub=LOOKS+film+and+television&rft.date=2007&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeart+transplantation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hirunews.lk/165445/first-ever-heart-transplant-in-sri-lanka-successful">First ever heart transplant in Sri Lanka successful</a>, <i>Hiru News</i>, 9 July 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVerzelloni_SefSefGarcia_SaezTrkulja2021" class="citation journal cs1">Verzelloni Sef, A; Sef, D; Garcia Saez, D; Trkulja, V; Walker, C; Mitchell, J; McGovern, I; Stock, U (1 August 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1097%2FMAT.0000000000001482">"Heart Transplantation in Adult Congenital Heart Disease with the Organ Care System Use: A 4-Year Single-Center Experience"</a>. <i>ASAIO Journal</i>. <b>67</b> (8): 862–868. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1097%2FMAT.0000000000001482">10.1097/MAT.0000000000001482</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1058-2916">1058-2916</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34039886">34039886</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:235217756">235217756</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ASAIO+Journal&rft.atitle=Heart+Transplantation+in+Adult+Congenital+Heart+Disease+with+the+Organ+Care+System+Use%3A+A+4-Year+Single-Center+Experience.&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=862-868&rft.date=2021-08-01&rft.issn=1058-2916&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A235217756%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F34039886&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1097%2FMAT.0000000000001482&rft.aulast=Verzelloni+Sef&rft.aufirst=A&rft.au=Sef%2C+D&rft.au=Garcia+Saez%2C+D&rft.au=Trkulja%2C+V&rft.au=Walker%2C+C&rft.au=Mitchell%2C+J&rft.au=McGovern%2C+I&rft.au=Stock%2C+U&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1097%252FMAT.0000000000001482&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeart+transplantation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArrowoodMinisiGoudreauDavis1997" class="citation journal cs1">Arrowood, James A.; Minisi, Anthony J.; Goudreau, Evelyne; Davis, Annette B.; King, Anne L. (1997-11-18). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/96/10/3492">"Absence of Parasympathetic Control of Heart Rate After Human Orthotopic Cardiac Transplantation"</a>. <i>Circulation</i>. <b>96</b> (10): 3492–98. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1161%2F01.CIR.96.10.3492">10.1161/01.CIR.96.10.3492</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0009-7322">0009-7322</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9396446">9396446</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Circulation&rft.atitle=Absence+of+Parasympathetic+Control+of+Heart+Rate+After+Human+Orthotopic+Cardiac+Transplantation&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=3492-98&rft.date=1997-11-18&rft.issn=0009-7322&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9396446&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1161%2F01.CIR.96.10.3492&rft.aulast=Arrowood&rft.aufirst=James+A.&rft.au=Minisi%2C+Anthony+J.&rft.au=Goudreau%2C+Evelyne&rft.au=Davis%2C+Annette+B.&rft.au=King%2C+Anne+L.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcirc.ahajournals.org%2Fcontent%2F96%2F10%2F3492&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeart+transplantation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoods2021" class="citation news cs1">Woods, Emily (2021-10-11). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.canberratimes.com.au/story/7463738/donor-hearts-given-longer-life-under-trial/">"Donor hearts given longer life under trial"</a>. <i>The Canberra Times</i>. Australian Associated Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Canberra+Times&rft.atitle=Donor+hearts+given+longer+life+under+trial&rft.date=2021-10-11&rft.aulast=Woods&rft.aufirst=Emily&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.canberratimes.com.au%2Fstory%2F7463738%2Fdonor-hearts-given-longer-life-under-trial%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeart+transplantation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKwonUsryHashmiBhandari2023" class="citation journal cs1">Kwon, JH; Usry, B; Hashmi, ZA; Bhandari, K; Carnicelli, AP; Tedford, RJ; Welch, BA; Shorbaji, K; Kilic, A (28 July 2023). "Donor utilization in heart transplant with donation after circulatory death in the United States". <i>American Journal of Transplantation</i>. <b>24</b> (1): 70–78. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ajt.2023.07.019">10.1016/j.ajt.2023.07.019</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37517554">37517554</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:260296589">260296589</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Transplantation&rft.atitle=Donor+utilization+in+heart+transplant+with+donation+after+circulatory+death+in+the+United+States.&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=70-78&rft.date=2023-07-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A260296589%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F37517554&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.ajt.2023.07.019&rft.aulast=Kwon&rft.aufirst=JH&rft.au=Usry%2C+B&rft.au=Hashmi%2C+ZA&rft.au=Bhandari%2C+K&rft.au=Carnicelli%2C+AP&rft.au=Tedford%2C+RJ&rft.au=Welch%2C+BA&rft.au=Shorbaji%2C+K&rft.au=Kilic%2C+A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeart+transplantation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSefMohiteDe_RobertisVerzelloni_Sef2020" class="citation journal cs1">Sef, D; Mohite, P; De Robertis, F; Verzelloni Sef, A; Mahesh, B; Stock, U; Simon, A (September 2020). "Bridge to heart transplantation using the Levitronix CentriMag short-term ventricular assist device". <i>Artificial Organs</i>. <b>44</b> (9): 1006–1008. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Faor.13709">10.1111/aor.13709</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32367538">32367538</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:218506853">218506853</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Artificial+Organs&rft.atitle=Bridge+to+heart+transplantation+using+the+Levitronix+CentriMag+short-term+ventricular+assist+device.&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=1006-1008&rft.date=2020-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A218506853%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F32367538&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Faor.13709&rft.aulast=Sef&rft.aufirst=D&rft.au=Mohite%2C+P&rft.au=De+Robertis%2C+F&rft.au=Verzelloni+Sef%2C+A&rft.au=Mahesh%2C+B&rft.au=Stock%2C+U&rft.au=Simon%2C+A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeart+transplantation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AP_2022-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AP_2022_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/pig-heart-transplant-6651614cb9d73bada8eea2ecb6449aef">"In 1st, US surgeons transplant pig heart into human patient"</a>. <i>Associated Press</i>. 2022-01-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-01-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=In+1st%2C+US+surgeons+transplant+pig+heart+into+human+patient&rft.date=2022-01-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fpig-heart-transplant-6651614cb9d73bada8eea2ecb6449aef&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeart+transplantation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_New_York_Times_2022-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_New_York_Times_2022_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/10/health/heart-transplant-pig-bennett.html">"In a First, Man Receives a Heart From a Genetically Altered Pig"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. 2022-01-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-01-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=In+a+First%2C+Man+Receives+a+Heart+From+a+Genetically+Altered+Pig&rft.date=2022-01-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2022%2F01%2F10%2Fhealth%2Fheart-transplant-pig-bennett.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeart+transplantation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC_News-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BBC_News_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-60681493">"Man given genetically modified pig heart dies"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 9 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Man+given+genetically+modified+pig+heart+dies&rft.date=2022-03-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fhealth-60681493&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeart+transplantation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRabin2022" class="citation news cs1">Rabin, Roni Caryn (2022-03-09). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/09/health/heart-transplant-pig-bennett.html">"Patient in Groundbreaking Heart Transplant Dies"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-03-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Patient+in+Groundbreaking+Heart+Transplant+Dies&rft.date=2022-03-09&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Rabin&rft.aufirst=Roni+Caryn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2022%2F03%2F09%2Fhealth%2Fheart-transplant-pig-bennett.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeart+transplantation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_JongeKirkelsKlöppingLahpor2008" class="citation journal cs1">de Jonge, N.; Kirkels, J. H.; Klöpping, C.; Lahpor, J. R.; Caliskan, K.; Maat, A. P. W. M.; Brügemann, J.; Erasmus, M. E.; Klautz, R. J. M.; Verwey, H. F.; Oomen, A.; Peels, C. H.; Golüke, A. E. J.; Nicastia, D.; Koole, M. A. C. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2266869">"Guidelines for heart transplantation"</a>. <i>Netherlands Heart Journal</i>. <b>16</b> (3): 79–87. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF03086123">10.1007/BF03086123</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1568-5888">1568-5888</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2266869">2266869</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18345330">18345330</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Netherlands+Heart+Journal&rft.atitle=Guidelines+for+heart+transplantation&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=79-87&rft.date=2008&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2266869%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=1568-5888&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18345330&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF03086123&rft.aulast=de+Jonge&rft.aufirst=N.&rft.au=Kirkels%2C+J.+H.&rft.au=Kl%C3%B6pping%2C+C.&rft.au=Lahpor%2C+J.+R.&rft.au=Caliskan%2C+K.&rft.au=Maat%2C+A.+P.+W.+M.&rft.au=Br%C3%BCgemann%2C+J.&rft.au=Erasmus%2C+M.+E.&rft.au=Klautz%2C+R.+J.+M.&rft.au=Verwey%2C+H.+F.&rft.au=Oomen%2C+A.&rft.au=Peels%2C+C.+H.&rft.au=Gol%C3%BCke%2C+A.+E.+J.&rft.au=Nicastia%2C+D.&rft.au=Koole%2C+M.+A.+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2266869&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeart+transplantation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSai_Kiran_BhagraStephen_PettitJayan_Parameshwar2019" class="citation cs2">Sai Kiran Bhagra; Stephen Pettit; Jayan Parameshwar (2019), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://heart.bmj.com/content/105/3/252">"Cardiac transplantation: indications, eligibility and current outcomes"</a>, <i>Heart</i>, <b>105</b> (3), British Medical Journal: 252–260, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fheartjnl-2018-313103">10.1136/heartjnl-2018-313103</a>, <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30209127">30209127</a>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:52194404">52194404</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Heart&rft.atitle=Cardiac+transplantation%3A+indications%2C+eligibility+and+current+outcomes&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=252-260&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A52194404%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30209127&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Fheartjnl-2018-313103&rft.au=Sai+Kiran+Bhagra&rft.au=Stephen+Pettit&rft.au=Jayan+Parameshwar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fheart.bmj.com%2Fcontent%2F105%2F3%2F252&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeart+transplantation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mehra MR, Canter CE, Hannan MM, Semigran MJ, Uber PA, et al. The 2016 International Society for Heart Lung Transplantation listing criteria for heart transplantation: A 10-year update. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2016 Jan. 35 (1):1–23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLudhwaniFanKanmanthareddy2020" class="citation journal cs1">Ludhwani, Dipesh; Fan, Ji; Kanmanthareddy, Arun (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537057/">"Heart Transplantation Rejection"</a>. <i>StatPearls [Internet]</i>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30725742">30725742</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 June</span> 2020</span> – via NCBI Bookshelf.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=StatPearls+%5BInternet%5D&rft.atitle=Heart+Transplantation+Rejection&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30725742&rft.aulast=Ludhwani&rft.aufirst=Dipesh&rft.au=Fan%2C+Ji&rft.au=Kanmanthareddy%2C+Arun&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fbooks%2FNBK537057%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeart+transplantation" class="Z3988"></span> Last Update: December 23, 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJungKimChooYun2011" class="citation journal cs1">Jung SH, Kim JJ, Choo SJ, Yun TJ, Chung CH, Lee JW (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3082109">"Long-term mortality in adult orthotopic heart transplant recipients"</a>. <i>J. Korean Med. Sci</i>. <b>26</b> (5): 599–603. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3346%2Fjkms.2011.26.5.599">10.3346/jkms.2011.26.5.599</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3082109">3082109</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21532848">21532848</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+Korean+Med.+Sci.&rft.atitle=Long-term+mortality+in+adult+orthotopic+heart+transplant+recipients&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=599-603&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3082109%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21532848&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3346%2Fjkms.2011.26.5.599&rft.aulast=Jung&rft.aufirst=SH&rft.au=Kim%2C+JJ&rft.au=Choo%2C+SJ&rft.au=Yun%2C+TJ&rft.au=Chung%2C+CH&rft.au=Lee%2C+JW&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3082109&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeart+transplantation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rizk J, Mehra MR. Anticoagulation management strategies in heart transplantation. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2020;63(3):210–18. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.pcad.2020.02.002">10.1016/j.pcad.2020.02.002</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBishay2011" class="citation journal cs1">Bishay R (2011). "The 'Mighty Mouse' Model in Experimental Cardiac Transplantation". <i>Hypothesis</i>. <b>9</b> (1): e5.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hypothesis&rft.atitle=The+%27Mighty+Mouse%27+Model+in+Experimental+Cardiac+Transplantation&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=e5&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Bishay&rft.aufirst=R&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeart+transplantation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCostanzoDipchandStarlingAnderson2010" class="citation journal cs1">Costanzo MR, Dipchand A, Starling R, Anderson A, Chan M, Desai S, Fedson S, Fisher P, et al. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.healun.2010.05.034">"The International Society of Heart and Lung Transplantation Guidelines for the care of heart transplant recipients"</a>. <i>The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation</i>. <b>29</b> (8): 914–56. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.healun.2010.05.034">10.1016/j.healun.2010.05.034</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20643330">20643330</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Heart+and+Lung+Transplantation&rft.atitle=The+International+Society+of+Heart+and+Lung+Transplantation+Guidelines+for+the+care+of+heart+transplant+recipients&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=914-56&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.healun.2010.05.034&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20643330&rft.aulast=Costanzo&rft.aufirst=MR&rft.au=Dipchand%2C+A&rft.au=Starling%2C+R&rft.au=Anderson%2C+A&rft.au=Chan%2C+M&rft.au=Desai%2C+S&rft.au=Fedson%2C+S&rft.au=Fisher%2C+P&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252Fj.healun.2010.05.034&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeart+transplantation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKillianCliffordLustriaSkivington2022" class="citation journal cs1">Killian, Michael O.; Clifford, Stephanie; Lustria, Mia Liza A.; Skivington, Gage L.; Gupta, Dipankar (2022-04-18). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fpetr.14288">"Directly observed therapy to promote medication adherence in adolescent heart transplant recipients"</a>. <i>Pediatric Transplantation</i>. <b>26</b> (5): e14288. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fpetr.14288">10.1111/petr.14288</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1397-3142">1397-3142</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35436376">35436376</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248242427">248242427</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pediatric+Transplantation&rft.atitle=Directly+observed+therapy+to+promote+medication+adherence+in+adolescent+heart+transplant+recipients&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=e14288&rft.date=2022-04-18&rft.issn=1397-3142&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A248242427%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F35436376&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fpetr.14288&rft.aulast=Killian&rft.aufirst=Michael+O.&rft.au=Clifford%2C+Stephanie&rft.au=Lustria%2C+Mia+Liza+A.&rft.au=Skivington%2C+Gage+L.&rft.au=Gupta%2C+Dipankar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1111%252Fpetr.14288&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeart+transplantation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/125/1/e2">Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics – 2012 Update</a> <i>The <a href="/wiki/American_Heart_Association" title="American Heart Association">American Heart Association</a></i>. Retrieved 27 November 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-weiss2009-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-weiss2009_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeissAllenPatelRussell2009" class="citation journal cs1">Weiss, E. S.; Allen, J. G.; Patel, N. D.; Russell, S. D.; Baumgartner, W. A.; Shah, A. S.; Conte, J. V. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1161%2FCIRCHEARTFAILURE.108.844183">"The Impact of Donor-Recipient Sex Matching on Survival After Orthotopic Heart Transplantation: Analysis of 18 000 Transplants in the Modern Era"</a>. <i>Circulation: Heart Failure</i>. <b>2</b> (5): 401–08. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1161%2FCIRCHEARTFAILURE.108.844183">10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.108.844183</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19808369">19808369</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Circulation%3A+Heart+Failure&rft.atitle=The+Impact+of+Donor-Recipient+Sex+Matching+on+Survival+After+Orthotopic+Heart+Transplantation%3A+Analysis+of+18+000+Transplants+in+the+Modern+Era&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=401-08&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1161%2FCIRCHEARTFAILURE.108.844183&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19808369&rft.aulast=Weiss&rft.aufirst=E.+S.&rft.au=Allen%2C+J.+G.&rft.au=Patel%2C+N.+D.&rft.au=Russell%2C+S.+D.&rft.au=Baumgartner%2C+W.+A.&rft.au=Shah%2C+A.+S.&rft.au=Conte%2C+J.+V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1161%252FCIRCHEARTFAILURE.108.844183&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeart+transplantation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heart_transplantation&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160518015919/http://mmcts.oxfordjournals.org/content/2015/mmv035.full">Orthotopic heart transplantation: the bicaval technique</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/ht">Heart Treatments - Heart Treatments | NHLBI, NIH</a> NIH</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tests_and_procedures_involving_the_heart" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cardiac_procedures" title="Template:Cardiac procedures"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cardiac_procedures" title="Template talk:Cardiac procedures"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cardiac_procedures" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cardiac procedures"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tests_and_procedures_involving_the_heart" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Tests and <a href="/wiki/Medical_procedure" title="Medical procedure">procedures</a> involving the <a href="/wiki/Heart" title="Heart">heart</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cardiac_surgery" title="Cardiac surgery">Cardiac surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interventional_cardiology" title="Interventional cardiology">Interventional cardiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardiology_diagnostic_tests_and_procedures" title="Cardiology diagnostic tests and procedures">Cardiology diagnostic tests and procedures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardiac_imaging" title="Cardiac imaging">Cardiac imaging</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Surgery</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Heart_valve" title="Heart valve">Heart valves</a><br />and septa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heart_valve_repair" title="Heart valve repair">Valve repair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valvulotomy" title="Valvulotomy">Valvulotomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitral_valve_repair" title="Mitral valve repair">Mitral valve repair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valvuloplasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Valvuloplasty">Valvuloplasty</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aortic_valvuloplasty" title="Aortic valvuloplasty">aortic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitral_valvuloplasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitral valvuloplasty">mitral</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valve_replacement" title="Valve replacement">Valve replacement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aortic_valve_repair" title="Aortic valve repair">Aortic valve repair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aortic_valve_replacement" title="Aortic valve replacement">Aortic valve replacement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ross_procedure" title="Ross procedure">Ross procedure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transcatheter_aortic_valve_replacement" title="Transcatheter aortic valve replacement">Transcatheter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitral_valve_replacement" title="Mitral valve replacement">Mitral valve replacement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transcatheter_pulmonary_valve_replacement" title="Transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement">Transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><span class="nobold">production of septal defect in heart</span></dt> <dd><i>enlargement of existing septal defect</i> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Atrial_septostomy" title="Atrial septostomy">Atrial septostomy</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Balloon_septostomy" title="Balloon septostomy">Balloon septostomy</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><i>creation of septal defect in heart</i> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Blalock%E2%80%93Hanlon_procedure" title="Blalock–Hanlon procedure">Blalock–Hanlon procedure</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dt><span class="nobold">shunt from heart chamber to blood vessel</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Atrium_(heart)" title="Atrium (heart)">atrium</a> to <a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_artery" title="Pulmonary artery">pulmonary artery</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Fontan_procedure" title="Fontan procedure">Fontan procedure</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Left_ventricle" class="mw-redirect" title="Left ventricle">left ventricle</a> to <a href="/wiki/Aorta" title="Aorta">aorta</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Rastelli_procedure" title="Rastelli procedure">Rastelli procedure</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Right_ventricle" class="mw-redirect" title="Right ventricle">right ventricle</a> to <a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_artery" title="Pulmonary artery">pulmonary artery</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Sano_shunt" title="Sano shunt">Sano shunt</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dt><span class="nobold">compound procedures</span></dt> <dd>for <a href="/wiki/Transposition_of_the_great_vessels" title="Transposition of the great vessels">transposition of the great vessels</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Arterial_switch_operation" title="Arterial switch operation">Arterial switch operation</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mustard_procedure" title="Mustard procedure">Mustard procedure</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Senning_procedure" title="Senning procedure">Senning procedure</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd>for univentricular defect <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Norwood_procedure" title="Norwood procedure">Norwood procedure</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kawashima_procedure" title="Kawashima procedure">Kawashima procedure</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dt><span class="nobold">shunt from blood vessel to blood vessel</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Systemic_circulation" class="mw-redirect" title="Systemic circulation">systemic circulation</a> to <a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_artery" title="Pulmonary artery">pulmonary artery</a> shunt <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Blalock%E2%80%93Taussig_shunt" class="mw-redirect" title="Blalock–Taussig shunt">Blalock–Taussig shunt</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Superior_vena_cava" title="Superior vena cava">SVC</a> to the right <a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_artery" title="Pulmonary artery">PA</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Glenn_procedure" title="Glenn procedure">Glenn procedure</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cardiac vessels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Coronary_artery_disease" title="Coronary artery disease">CHD</a></span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Percutaneous_coronary_intervention" title="Percutaneous coronary intervention">Angioplasty</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vascular_bypass" title="Vascular bypass">Bypass</a>/<a href="/wiki/Coronary_artery_bypass_surgery" title="Coronary artery bypass surgery">Coronary artery bypass</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/MIDCAB" class="mw-redirect" title="MIDCAB">MIDCAB</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Off-pump_coronary_artery_bypass" title="Off-pump coronary artery bypass">Off-pump CAB</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/TECAB" class="mw-redirect" title="TECAB">TECAB</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dt><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Coronary_stent" title="Coronary stent">Coronary stent</a></span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bare-metal_stent" title="Bare-metal stent">Bare-metal stent</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Drug-eluting_stent" title="Drug-eluting stent">Drug-eluting stent</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><span class="nobold">Obstacle removal</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Endarterectomy" title="Endarterectomy">Endarterectomy</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Atherectomy" title="Atherectomy">Atherectomy</a></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bentall_procedure" title="Bentall procedure">Bentall procedure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valve-sparing_aortic_root_replacement" title="Valve-sparing aortic root replacement">Valve-sparing aortic root replacement</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LeCompte_maneuver" title="LeCompte maneuver">LeCompte maneuver</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Pericardium" title="Pericardium">Pericardium</a></span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pericardiocentesis" title="Pericardiocentesis">Pericardiocentesis</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pericardial_window" title="Pericardial window">Pericardial window</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pericardiectomy" title="Pericardiectomy">Pericardiectomy</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Myocardium" class="mw-redirect" title="Myocardium">Myocardium</a></span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cardiomyoplasty" title="Cardiomyoplasty">Cardiomyoplasty</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dor_procedure" title="Dor procedure">Dor procedure</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Septal_myectomy" title="Septal myectomy">Septal myectomy</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ventricular_reduction" class="mw-redirect" title="Ventricular reduction">Ventricular reduction</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_septal_ablation" title="Alcohol septal ablation">Alcohol septal ablation</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Cardiac_conduction_system" title="Cardiac conduction system">Conduction system</a></span></dt> <dd>Maze procedure (<a href="/wiki/Cox_maze_procedure" title="Cox maze procedure">Cox maze</a> and <a href="/wiki/Minimaze_procedure" title="Minimaze procedure">minimaze</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Catheter_ablation" title="Catheter ablation">Catheter ablation</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cryoablation" title="Cryoablation">Cryoablation</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Radiofrequency_ablation" title="Radiofrequency ablation">Radiofrequency ablation</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Artificial_cardiac_pacemaker" title="Artificial cardiac pacemaker">Pacemaker insertion</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/S-ICD" class="mw-redirect" title="S-ICD">S-ICD</a> implantation</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Implantable_cardioverter-defibrillator" title="Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator">ICD</a> implantation</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cardiac_resynchronization_therapy" title="Cardiac resynchronization therapy">Cardiac resynchronization therapy</a></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Left_atrial_appendage_occlusion" title="Left atrial appendage occlusion">Left atrial appendage occlusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardiotomy" title="Cardiotomy">Cardiotomy</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Heart transplantation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tests</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Electrophysiology" title="Electrophysiology">Electrophysiology</a></span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Electrocardiography" title="Electrocardiography">Electrocardiography</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Vectorcardiography" title="Vectorcardiography">Vectorcardiography</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Holter_monitor" title="Holter monitor">Holter monitor</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Implantable_loop_recorder" title="Implantable loop recorder">Implantable loop recorder</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cardiac_stress_test" title="Cardiac stress test">Cardiac stress test</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Bruce_protocol" title="Bruce protocol">Bruce protocol</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Electrophysiology_study" title="Electrophysiology study">Electrophysiology study</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Cardiac_imaging" title="Cardiac imaging">Cardiac imaging</a></span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Angiocardiography" class="mw-redirect" title="Angiocardiography">Angiocardiography</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Echocardiography" title="Echocardiography">Echocardiography</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Transthoracic_echocardiogram" title="Transthoracic echocardiogram">TTE</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Transesophageal_echocardiogram" title="Transesophageal echocardiogram">TEE</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Myocardial_perfusion_imaging" title="Myocardial perfusion imaging">Myocardial perfusion imaging</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cardiac_magnetic_resonance_imaging" title="Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging">Cardiovascular MRI</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cardiac_ventriculography" title="Cardiac ventriculography">Ventriculography</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Radionuclide_ventriculography" class="mw-redirect" title="Radionuclide ventriculography">Radionuclide ventriculography</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cardiac_catheterization" title="Cardiac catheterization">Cardiac catheterization</a>/<a href="/wiki/Coronary_catheterization" title="Coronary catheterization">Coronary catheterization</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cardiac_CT" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardiac CT">Cardiac CT</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cardiac_PET" title="Cardiac PET">Cardiac PET</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Sound" title="Sound">sound</a></span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Phonocardiogram" title="Phonocardiogram">Phonocardiogram</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cardiology_diagnostic_tests_and_procedures" title="Cardiology diagnostic tests and procedures">Function tests</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impedance_cardiography" title="Impedance cardiography">Impedance cardiography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballistocardiography" title="Ballistocardiography">Ballistocardiography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardiotocography" title="Cardiotocography">Cardiotocography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pacing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cardioversion" title="Cardioversion">Cardioversion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transcutaneous_pacing" title="Transcutaneous pacing">Transcutaneous pacing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Cardiac_procedures" title="Category:Cardiac procedures">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Organ_transplantation" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Organ_transplantation" title="Template:Organ transplantation"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Organ_transplantation" title="Template talk:Organ transplantation"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Organ_transplantation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Organ transplantation"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Organ_transplantation" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Organ_transplantation" title="Organ transplantation">Organ transplantation</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allotransplantation" title="Allotransplantation">Allotransplantation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ABO-incompatible_transplantation" title="ABO-incompatible transplantation">ABOi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autotransplantation" title="Autotransplantation">Autotransplantation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenotransplantation" title="Xenotransplantation">Xenotransplantation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transplantable_organs_and_tissues" title="Transplantable organs and tissues">Organs and tissues</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bone_grafting" title="Bone grafting">Bone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hematopoietic_stem_cell_transplantation" title="Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation">Bone marrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brain_transplant" title="Brain transplant">Brain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corneal_transplantation" title="Corneal transplantation">Corneal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eye_transplantation" title="Eye transplantation">Eye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Face_transplant" title="Face transplant">Face</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hand_transplantation" title="Hand transplantation">Hand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head_transplant" title="Head transplant">Head</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Heart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heart%E2%80%93lung_transplant" title="Heart–lung transplant">Heart–lung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intestine_transplantation" title="Intestine transplantation">Intestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kidney_transplantation" title="Kidney transplantation">Kidney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liver_transplantation" title="Liver transplantation">Liver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lung_transplantation" title="Lung transplantation">Lung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancreas_transplantation" title="Pancreas transplantation">Pancreas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islet_cell_transplantation" title="Islet cell transplantation">islet cell</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penis_transplantation" title="Penis transplantation">Penis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skin_grafting" title="Skin grafting">Skin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spleen_transplantation" title="Spleen transplantation">Spleen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thymus_transplantation" title="Thymus transplantation">Thymus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uterus_transplantation" title="Uterus transplantation">Uterus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaginal_transplantation" title="Vaginal transplantation">Vagina</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Graft_(surgery)" title="Graft (surgery)">Medical grafting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bone_grafting" title="Bone grafting">Bone grafting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skin_grafting" title="Skin grafting">Skin grafting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vascular_bypass" title="Vascular bypass">Vascular bypass</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Organ_donation" title="Organ donation">Organ donation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Non-heart-beating_donation" title="Non-heart-beating donation">Non-heart-beating donation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organ_procurement" title="Organ procurement">Organ procurement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organ_trade" title="Organ trade">Organ trade</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Complications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Graft-versus-host_disease" title="Graft-versus-host disease">Graft-versus-host disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-transplant_lymphoproliferative_disorder" title="Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder">Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transplant_rejection" title="Transplant rejection">Transplant rejection</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transplant networks<br />and government<br /> departments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eurotransplant" title="Eurotransplant">Eurotransplant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gift_of_Life_Marrow_Registry" title="Gift of Life Marrow Registry">Gift of Life Marrow Registry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Tissue_Authority" title="Human Tissue Authority">Human Tissue Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LifeSharers" title="LifeSharers">LifeSharers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Marrow_Donor_Program" title="National Marrow Donor Program">National Marrow Donor Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Organization_for_Organ_and_Tissues_Donation_and_Transplantation_(Lebanon)" title="National Organization for Organ and Tissues Donation and Transplantation (Lebanon)">NOD-Lb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Transplant_Organization" title="National Transplant Organization">National Transplant Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NHS_Blood_and_Transplant" title="NHS Blood and Transplant">NHS Blood and Transplant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trillium_Gift_of_Life_Network" title="Trillium Gift of Life Network">Trillium Gift of Life Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Network_for_Organ_Sharing" title="United Network for Organ Sharing">United Network for Organ Sharing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Advocacy<br /> organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Nolan" title="Anthony Nolan">Anthony Nolan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_Cancer_UK" title="Blood Cancer UK">Blood Cancer UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DKMS" title="DKMS">DKMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halachic_Organ_Donor_Society" title="Halachic Organ Donor Society">Halachic Organ Donor Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kidney_Foundation_of_Canada" title="Kidney Foundation of Canada">Kidney Foundation of Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Kidney_Foundation" title="National Kidney Foundation">National Kidney Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ORGANIZE" title="ORGANIZE">ORGANIZE</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Joint societies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Nephrology" title="American Society of Nephrology">American Society of Nephrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Transplantation" title="American Society of Transplantation">American Society of Transplantation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Society_of_Transplantation" title="Canadian Society of Transplantation">Canadian Society of Transplantation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Countries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Organ_transplantation_in_China" title="Organ transplantation in China">Organ transplantation in China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Organ_harvesting_from_Falun_Gong_practitioners_in_China" title="Organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners in China">harvesting from Falun Gong</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organ_donation_in_India" title="Organ donation in India">Organ donation in India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gurgaon_kidney_scandal" title="Gurgaon kidney scandal">Gurgaon kidney scandal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organ_transplantation_in_Israel" title="Organ transplantation in Israel">Organ transplantation in Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organ_transplantation_in_Japan" title="Organ transplantation in Japan">Organ transplantation in Japan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Heart</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christiaan_Barnard" title="Christiaan Barnard">Christiaan Barnard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Hardy_(surgeon)" title="James Hardy (surgeon)"> James D. Hardy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrian_Kantrowitz" title="Adrian Kantrowitz">Adrian Kantrowitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Lower_(surgeon)" title="Richard Lower (surgeon)">Richard Lower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Shumway" title="Norman Shumway">Norman Shumway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kidney</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J._Hartwell_Harrison" title="J. Hartwell Harrison">J. Hartwell Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_P._Merrill" title="John P. Merrill">John P. Merrill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Murray" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Murray">Joseph Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Ward_(British_campaigner)" title="Elizabeth Ward (British campaigner)">Elizabeth Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Woodruff" title="Michael Woodruff">Michael Woodruff</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Liver</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fikri_Alican" title="Fikri Alican">Fikri Alican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Hardy_(surgeon)" title="James Hardy (surgeon)"> James D. Hardy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Starzl" title="Thomas Starzl">Thomas Starzl</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lung</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fikri_Alican" title="Fikri Alican">Fikri Alican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_D._Cooper" title="Joel D. Cooper">Joel D. Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Demikhov" title="Vladimir Demikhov">Vladimir Demikhov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Hardy_(surgeon)" title="James Hardy (surgeon)"> James D. Hardy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pancreas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_C._Lillehei" title="Richard C. Lillehei">Richard C. Lillehei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Penis</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_van_der_Merwe" title="André van der Merwe">André van der Merwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexis_Carrel" title="Alexis Carrel">Alexis Carrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Michel_Dubernard" title="Jean-Michel Dubernard">Jean-Michel Dubernard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_Mansell" title="Donna Mansell">Donna Mansell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Reitz" title="Bruce Reitz">Bruce Reitz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_organ_transplant_donors_and_recipients" title="List of organ transplant donors and recipients">List of organ transplant donors and recipients</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biomedical_tissue" title="Biomedical tissue">Biomedical tissue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmonton_protocol" title="Edmonton protocol">Edmonton protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eye_bank" title="Eye bank">Eye bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immunosuppressive_drug" title="Immunosuppressive drug">Immunosuppressive drugs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lung_allocation_score" title="Lung allocation score">Lung allocation score</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machine_perfusion" title="Machine perfusion">Machine perfusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Total_body_irradiation" title="Total body irradiation">Total body irradiation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankenstein%27s_monster" title="Frankenstein's monster">Frankenstein's monster</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q643396#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4201513-3">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Heart--Transplantation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85059721">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00932625">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="transplantace srdce"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph136551&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007553148305171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Heart_transplantation&oldid=1261022178">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Heart_transplantation&oldid=1261022178</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cardiac_surgery" title="Category:Cardiac surgery">Cardiac surgery</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Organ_transplantation" title="Category:Organ transplantation">Organ transplantation</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_2018" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2018">Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements" title="Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements">All articles containing potentially dated statements</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 3 December 2024, at 21:14<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Heart_transplantation&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5f58cd8b6-x5p6h","wgBackendResponseTime":144,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.662","walltime":"0.858","ppvisitednodes":{"value":3645,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":145627,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":2812,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":15,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":3,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":165754,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":2,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 697.721 1 -total"," 53.06% 370.201 1 Template:Reflist"," 27.31% 190.578 19 Template:Cite_journal"," 15.51% 108.245 4 Template:Navbox"," 13.93% 97.207 1 Template:Cardiac_surgery"," 11.13% 77.673 1 Template:Infobox_interventions"," 10.11% 70.530 2 Template:Short_description"," 9.32% 65.038 1 Template:Cite_Q"," 9.25% 64.551 1 Template:Infobox"," 6.10% 42.581 4 Template:Pagetype"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.402","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":7555609,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"1 1 Tilli Tansey\n2 2 Lois Reynolds\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-ext.codfw.canary-7dc9d565c5-9mbxh","timestamp":"20241203211414","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Heart transplantation","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Heart_transplantation","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q643396","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q643396","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-01-02T00:09:43Z","dateModified":"2024-12-03T21:14:13Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/1\/1d\/Heart_transplant.jpg","headline":"surgical transplant procedure performed on patients with end-stage heart failure or severe coronary artery disease in which a new heart is implanted"}</script> </body> </html>