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architects</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: British architects"> <meta name="keywords" content="British architects"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="British architects"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 618</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: British architects</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">618</span> Post Mutiny Institutional Buildings of India: A Visual Language of Reconciliation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aruna%20Ramani%20Grover">Aruna Ramani Grover</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In 1857 the British army in Bengal rose in mutiny. The outcome of a yearlong stifle was the abolition of the East India Company and establishment of Crown rule in 1958. Despite being a political democracy back home, with the declaration of Queen Victoria as Empress of India, the British established themselves as imperialistic successors to the Mughals in India. With the institution of the Crown role in the sub-continent, there was a serious endeavour for systematic governance. This led to infrastructure development and creation of institutions as well. The outcome was many public buildings like courts, railway- stations and headquarters, senates, post offices, banks, libraries, memorial halls, museums, memorials, theatres, government colleges, residential-schools and clock towers. These were built in the old and emerging urban settlements of the sub-continents. In the realm of architecture, like all political masters of the past, the British architects too encountered the living tradition of the sub-continent. A bewildering plethora of buildings in various climatic zones, using local materials and crafted with tools and techniques of the region by local craftsmen had to be understood and assimilated. The19th century British architects who built in India, designed institutional buildings which were functional and responded to the need of the user. In visual terms however, it was a completely different story. Using the manifest elements of the complex and layered indigenous tradition, they fashioned buildings to create an architecture of reconciliation. Treating the traditional architecture as a pattern book, finished buildings was served up to the local population coloured by their understanding of tradition. This paper will discuss a series of building some of which are the Senate House and Law courts at Madras, the Municipal Building and Gateway of India in Bombay, the Muir college in Allahabad, Mayo college Ajmer, the Mubarak Mahal in Jaipur to demonstrate how a visual language of reconciliation was created. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infrastructure" title="infrastructure">infrastructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=British%20architects" title=" British architects"> British architects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tradition" title=" tradition"> tradition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pattern%20book" title=" pattern book"> pattern book</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reconciliation" title=" reconciliation"> reconciliation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188213/post-mutiny-institutional-buildings-of-india-a-visual-language-of-reconciliation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188213.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">32</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">617</span> Environmental Liability of Architects: Architects Destroying the City in Designed and Creative Way, Dhaka City </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Md.%20Ratin">Md. Ratin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper aims to show how Dhaka city is getting destroyed and the creator and guide of the city – the architects destroying the city in more designed and creative way. The liability of architects should be first and foremost to make the would, country, city a better living environment. As without it where the architects will do their design? To make a better living environment architects should conserve the tress, river and other related ingredient related to the environment. This paper attempts to show how cutting down trees and filling rivers causing more problem than having a great architecture in those places. For increasing people in a city like Dhaka, we need more shelter. But for providing those architects building more living spaces. But as a liability of an architect, one should give something back to the environment too. With time the city’s greenery and water body are getting vanished like magic. And for this, the architects should be blamed for giving us a disastrous future. The analysis is based on literature survey and survey by questionnaire, interviews of users. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=architect" title="architect">architect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environment" title=" environment"> environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liability" title=" liability"> liability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=river" title=" river"> river</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64665/environmental-liability-of-architects-architects-destroying-the-city-in-designed-and-creative-way-dhaka-city" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64665.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">346</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">616</span> Uncovering the Complex Structure of Building Design Process Based on Royal Institute of British Architects Plan of Work</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fawaz%20A.%20Binsarra">Fawaz A. Binsarra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Halim%20Boussabaine"> Halim Boussabaine</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The notion of complexity science has been attracting the interest of researchers and professionals due to the need of enhancing the efficiency of understanding complex systems dynamic and structure of interactions. In addition, complexity analysis has been used as an approach to investigate complex systems that contains a large number of components interacts with each other to accomplish specific outcomes and emerges specific behavior. The design process is considered as a complex action that involves large number interacted components, which are ranked as design tasks, design team, and the components of the design process. Those three main aspects of the building design process consist of several components that interact with each other as a dynamic system with complex information flow. In this paper, the goal is to uncover the complex structure of information interactions in building design process. The Investigating of Royal Institute of British Architects Plan Of Work 2013 information interactions as a case study to uncover the structure and building design process complexity using network analysis software to model the information interaction will significantly enhance the efficiency of the building design process outcomes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=complexity" title="complexity">complexity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=process" title=" process"> process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building%20desgin" title=" building desgin"> building desgin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Riba" title=" Riba"> Riba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20complexity" title=" design complexity"> design complexity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network" title=" network"> network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network%20analysis" title=" network analysis"> network analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26370/uncovering-the-complex-structure-of-building-design-process-based-on-royal-institute-of-british-architects-plan-of-work" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26370.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">528</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">615</span> Impact of Workplace Psychology on Architect's Work Satisfaction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sriram%20Prabhakar">Sriram Prabhakar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Architects are known for long and unfriendly work hours and thus adapt to routines mandated by nature and surroundings of their work. Work gratification among architects is necessary to have a healthy working condition that sequentially supports to create built environments as work satisfaction has been low among Architects and are also exposed to a number of stress factors like long working hours, the slow pace of work, high workload, and lack of job safety with low pay which negatively impacts their well-being. Additionally, architects have only a limited scope to use their creative skill. This paper studies the case of work satisfaction and the factors that impact it in the state of Indian architects. An eloquent survey in the form of a questionnaire and standardized interviews will be utilized to form a comprehensive method for the study. Factors that basically affect workplaces include restraining over thermal conditions, indoor air quality, recreational spaces, acoustics, views, lighting, and ergonomics. The expected outcome of the paper is to check architects' workplace psychology and their control on their work environment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=architects" title="architects">architects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gratification" title=" gratification"> gratification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stressors" title=" stressors"> stressors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=workplace%20psychology" title=" workplace psychology"> workplace psychology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81732/impact-of-workplace-psychology-on-architects-work-satisfaction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81732.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">224</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">614</span> English as a Foreign Language Students’ Perceptions towards the British Culture: The Case of Batna 2 University, Algeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Djelloul%20Nedjai">Djelloul Nedjai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The issue of cultural awareness triggers many controversies, especially in a context where individuals do not share the same cultural backgrounds and characteristics. The Algerian context is no exception. It has been widely documented by the literature that culture remains essential in many domains. In higher education, for instance, culture plays a pivotal role in shaping individuals’ perceptions and attitudes. Henceforth, the current paper attempts to look at the perceptions of the British culture held by students engaged in learning English as a Foreign Language (EFL) at the department of English at Banta 2 University, Algeria. It also inquires into EFL students’ perceptions of British culture. To address the aforementioned research queries, a descriptive study has been carried out wherein a questionnaire of fifteen (15) items has been deployed to collect students’ attitudes and perceptions toward British culture. Results showcase that, indeed, EFL students of the department of English at Banta 2 University hold both positive and negative perceptions towards British culture at different levels. The explanation could relate to the student's lack of acquaintance with and awareness of British culture. Consequently, this paper is an attempt to address the issue of cultural awareness from the perspective of EFL students. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=British%20culture" title="British culture">British culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20awareness" title=" cultural awareness"> cultural awareness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EFL%20students%E2%80%99%20perceptions" title=" EFL students’ perceptions"> EFL students’ perceptions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=higher%20education" title=" higher education"> higher education</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154181/english-as-a-foreign-language-students-perceptions-towards-the-british-culture-the-case-of-batna-2-university-algeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154181.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">90</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">613</span> The Historical Link Between the Origins of the British Monarchy and the Legendary Puteri Gunung Ledang: A Southeast Asian Perspective</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yohanes%20Atan">Yohanes Atan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article reinterprets global history by examining the cultural and historical connections between the Southeast Asian legend of Puteri Gunung Ledang and the British monarchy. It hypothesizes that world civilization originated in Southeast Asia following the dispersion of Adam and Eve, emphasizing the Sunda Shelf as a cradle of human development. Through a document analysis of historical records, this study explores the legend of Puteri Gunung Ledang and her speculative westward journey, proposing a genealogical link to the British royal lineage. Additionally, it draws a parallel between the Malay song Asmaradana and the British royal anthem God Save the Queen/King. The findings situate Southeast Asia as a central player in global civilizational narratives, supported by scholarly evidence from Southeast Asian and European sources. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Puteri%20Gunung%20Ledang" title="Puteri Gunung Ledang">Puteri Gunung Ledang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asian%20history" title=" Asian history"> Asian history</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=British%20monarch" title=" British monarch"> British monarch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maritime%20connectivity" title=" maritime connectivity"> maritime connectivity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/195663/the-historical-link-between-the-origins-of-the-british-monarchy-and-the-legendary-puteri-gunung-ledang-a-southeast-asian-perspective" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/195663.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">612</span> British English vs. American English: A Comparative Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Halima%20Benazzouz">Halima Benazzouz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is often believed that British English and American English are the foremost varieties of the English Language serving as reference norms for other varieties;that is the reason why they have obviously been compared and contrasted.Meanwhile,the terms “British English” and “American English” are used differently by different people to refer to: 1) Two national varieties each subsuming regional and other sub-varieties standard and non-standard. 2) Two national standard varieties in which each one is only part of the range of English within its own state, but the most prestigious part. 3) Two international varieties, that is each is more than a national variety of the English Language. 4) Two international standard varieties that may or may not each subsume other standard varieties.Furthermore,each variety serves as a reference norm for users of the language elsewhere. Moreover, without a clear identification, as primarily belonging to one variety or the other, British English(Br.Eng) and American English (Am.Eng) are understood as national or international varieties. British English and American English are both “variants” and “varieties” of the English Language, more similar than different.In brief, the following may justify general categories of difference between Standard American English (S.Am.E) and Standard British English (S.Br.e) each having their own sociolectic value: A difference in pronunciation exists between the two foremost varieties, although it is the same spelling, by contrast, a divergence in spelling may be recognized, eventhough the same pronunciation. In such case, the same term is different but there is a similarity in spelling and pronunciation. Otherwise, grammar, syntax, and punctuation are distinctively used to distinguish the two varieties of the English Language. Beyond these differences, spelling is noted as one of the chief sources of variation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Greek" title="Greek">Greek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Latin" title=" Latin"> Latin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=French%20pronunciation%20expert" title=" French pronunciation expert"> French pronunciation expert</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=varieties%20of%20English%20language" title=" varieties of English language"> varieties of English language</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15569/british-english-vs-american-english-a-comparative-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15569.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">501</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">611</span> Diaspora by Design; Jewish Refugee Architects and Wellington City</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniele%20Abreu%20e%20Lima">Daniele Abreu e Lima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chloe%20Fitzpatrick"> Chloe Fitzpatrick</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> During the 1930s, New Zealand received a wave of refugees feeling from the impeding war and atrocities the Nazi regime was imposing on the German people. Among the hundreds of refugees were highly trained artists, architects and musicians who made a huge contribution to Wellington’s culture and identity. It is unfeasible to chronicle the impact of every Jewish refugee in the development of New Zealand arts scene. But it is possible to choose a number of them and analyse their contribution to NZ culture. This research aims to bring to light the reception and life of five influential Jewish architects; Helmut Einhorn, Ernst Plischke, Frederick Neumann, Henry Kulka, and Maximillian Rosenfeld. Each had a key role in influencing New Zealand architectural landscape and the modernization of the country. Before coming to New Zealand, these five architects lived different lives working all over Europe, from Paris through to Moscow. In common, apart from their ethnicity, they had led cultured lives where they were culturally and politically active. This research looks at how much their individual contributions helped to transform the architectural scene in New Zealand but also in the amount of cultural and religious renunciation they had to endure to be accepted in the country. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jewish%20Refugee%20architects" title="Jewish Refugee architects">Jewish Refugee architects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modern%20architecture" title=" modern architecture"> modern architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=World%20War%202" title=" World War 2"> World War 2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=New%20Zealand" title=" New Zealand"> New Zealand</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185320/diaspora-by-design-jewish-refugee-architects-and-wellington-city" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185320.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">55</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">610</span> The Role of British Public Opinion in the Process of the Great Britain’s Involvement in the Crimean War</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aysen%20Muderrisoglu">Aysen Muderrisoglu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As a result of the policies constituted and pursued by Russia which aimed to gain territory and power at Ottoman expense, Crimean War broke out in 1853. Nevertheless, the Eastern policies of Russia were in contradiction with the interests of Great Britain which was the great power of the era. Yet, it did hesitate to be confronted with Russian on its route to India, so the Ottoman territorial integrity was defended. In that period, Tzar Nicholas II, to begin with, tried to eliminate a probable opposition coming from the British side, and then tried its chance to build up cooperation with Britain on the territories of the sick man. As a more positive relation was being observed between these two states before the Crimean War, Great Britain initially had adopted a neutral policy. However, in the end, Britain entered the war against Russia due to the efforts of the opposing side in the British Parliament and the rising pressure of the public opinion. The article aims to examine the role of British public opinion in the process of Great Britain’s Involvement in this war. Also, the article will try to find an answer to the following question: to what extent did the public opinion become effective on the foreign policy-making of Great Britain before the war? <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=British%20press" title="British press">British press</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Crimean%20war" title=" Crimean war"> Crimean war</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Great%20Britain" title=" Great Britain"> Great Britain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20opinion" title=" public opinion"> public opinion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95464/the-role-of-british-public-opinion-in-the-process-of-the-great-britains-involvement-in-the-crimean-war" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95464.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">170</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">609</span> Architects Lens on Afrocentric Cultural Approach to Housing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aisha%20Abdulkarim%20Aliyu">Aisha Abdulkarim Aliyu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alice%20Sabrina%20Ismail"> Alice Sabrina Ismail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fadhlina%20Binti%20Ahmad"> Fadhlina Binti Ahmad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study's main goal is to improve Afrocentric cultural approaches in Nigerian residential environments (Kano) in terms of physical, aesthetical, and socio-cultural factors. Kano's fast-changing residential settings and city image have been subjected to a significant neoliberal restructuring process in recent decades. Architects have evolved in lockstep with the society they serve, first as an art form, then as a science, and finally as a business that designs structures. Design values have always emphasized a certain building style throughout history. Architects and architectural critics have a different perspective on them than the general public. In fact, a popular style among the general public was taken into consideration. When it comes to the current design, this study examines the values and viewpoints of architects on the usage of an Afrocentric cultural approach to housing. The qualitative data analysis of surveys conducted with Kano housing and planning professionals is used to determine the criteria for using an Afrocentric cultural approach in housing development in order to preserve and restore our cultural heritage, as well as to rank these criteria according to their importance. The professional lens on this subject differs insignificantly across Nigeria, although they do vary to some amount based on the sector of the housing industry, according to the study. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=architects%20lens" title="architects lens">architects lens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Afrocentric%20culture" title=" Afrocentric culture"> Afrocentric culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=housing" title=" housing"> housing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=northern%20Nigeria" title=" northern Nigeria"> northern Nigeria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146431/architects-lens-on-afrocentric-cultural-approach-to-housing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146431.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">156</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">608</span> Factors Affecting the Critical Understanding of the Strategies Which Children Use to Motivate Parents in the Family Buying Process: Case of British Bangladeshi Children in the UK</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salma%20Akter">Salma Akter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20M.%20Haque"> Mohammad M. Haque</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lawrence%20Akwetey"> Lawrence Akwetey</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An empirical research design will analyze different factors/predictors children use to influence their parents in the family buying decision process in the unexplored area of British Bangladeshi children in the United Kingdom. The proposed conceptual model of factors- buying decision making process will be tested by the Structure Equation Model. A structured Questionnaire and secondary sources will employ to collect data and analyse and measure the validity by Statistical tools (SPSS) and Microsoft Excel. The Contemporary research aims to use the deductive approach developing the research questions and testing the hypothesis to identify the impact of different strategies British Bangladeshi children used to influence their parents in the family buying decision which was overlooked in the previous research. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=British%20Bangladeshi%20children" title="British Bangladeshi children">British Bangladeshi children</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=buying%20decision%20process" title=" buying decision process"> buying decision process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=children%20influence" title=" children influence"> children influence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=influential%20factors" title=" influential factors"> influential factors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42499/factors-affecting-the-critical-understanding-of-the-strategies-which-children-use-to-motivate-parents-in-the-family-buying-process-case-of-british-bangladeshi-children-in-the-uk" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42499.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">269</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">607</span> South Atlantic Architects Validation of the Construction Decision Making Inventory</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tulio%20Sulbaran">Tulio Sulbaran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sandeep%20Langar"> Sandeep Langar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Architects are an integral part of the construction industry and are continuously incorporating decisions that influence projects during their life cycle. These decisions aim at selecting best alternative from the ones available. Unfortunately, this decision making process is mainly unexplored in the construction industry. No instrument to measure construction decision, based on knowledgebase of decision-makers, has existed. Additionally, limited literature is available on the topic. Recently, an instrument to gain an understanding of the construction decision-making process was developed by Dr. Tulio Sulbaran from the University of Texas, San Antonio. The instrument’s name is 'Construction Decision Making Inventory (CDMI)'. The CDMI is an innovative idea to measure the 'What? When? How? Moreover, Who?' of the construction decision-making process. As an innovative idea, its statistical validity (accuracy of the assessment) is yet to be assessed. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to describe the results of a case study with architects in the south-east of the United States aimed to determine the CDMI validity. The results of the case study are important because they assess the validity of the tool. Furthermore, as the architects evaluated each question within the measurements, this study is also guiding the enhancement of the CDMI. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decision" title="decision">decision</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=support" title=" support"> support</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inventory" title=" inventory"> inventory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=architect" title=" architect"> architect</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91257/south-atlantic-architects-validation-of-the-construction-decision-making-inventory" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91257.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">329</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">606</span> Secret Agents in the Azores during the Second World War and the Impact of Espionage on Portuguese-British Relations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marisa%20Galiza%20Filipe">Marisa Galiza Filipe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In 1942, at the height of the Second World War, Roosevelt and Churchill planned to occupy the Azores to establish air and naval bases. The islands' privileged position in the middle of the Atlantic made them a strategic location for both the Axis and the Allies. For the Germans, the occupation of the island was also a strategic place to launch an attack on the United States of America, and for the British and Americans, the islands were the perfect spot to counterattack the German sinking of British boats and submarines. Salazar avoided the concession of the islands until 1943, claiming, on the one hand, the policy of neutrality, a decision made in agreement with England, and on the other hand, the reaffirmation of Portuguese sovereignty over the territory. Aware of the constant changes and supported by a network of informers on the islands, the German and British spies played a crucial role in the negotiations between Portugal and the Allies and the ceding of the bases by Salazar, which prevented their forced occupation. The espionage caused several diplomatic tensions, and the large number of German spies denounced by the British, operating on the islands under the watchful eye of the PVDE and Salazar, weakened the Portuguese-British alliance. Using primary source documents in the Ministério dos Negócios Estrangeiros (MNE) archives, this paper introduces the spies that operated on the islands, their missions and motives, organizations, and modus operandi. As a chess game, any move was careful thinking and the spies were valuable assets to control and use information that could lead to the occupation of the islands and, ultimately, change the tide of the war. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=espionage" title="espionage">espionage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azores" title=" Azores"> Azores</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WWI" title=" WWI"> WWI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neutrality" title=" neutrality"> neutrality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181579/secret-agents-in-the-azores-during-the-second-world-war-and-the-impact-of-espionage-on-portuguese-british-relations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181579.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">66</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">605</span> Strategic Management Education: A Driver of Architectural Career Development in a Changing Environment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rigved%20Chandrashekhar%20Nimkhedkar">Rigved Chandrashekhar Nimkhedkar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajat%20Agrawal"> Rajat Agrawal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vinay%20Sharma"> Vinay Sharma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Architects need help with a demand for an expanded skill set to effectively navigate a landscape of evolving opportunities and challenges in the dynamic realm of the architectural profession. This literature and survey-based study investigates the reasons behind architects’ choices of careers, as well as the effects of the evolving architectural scenario. The traditional role of architects in construction projects evolves as they explore diverse career motivations, face financial constraints due to an oversupply of professionals, and experience specialisation and upskilling trends. Architects inherently derive numerous value chains as more and more disciplines have been introduced into the design-construction-operation supply chain. This insight emphasizes the importance of integrating management and entrepreneurial education into architectural education rather than keeping them separate entities. The study reveals the complex nature of the entrepreneurially challenging architectural profession, including cash flow management, market competition, environmental sustainability, and innovation opportunities. Loyal to their professional identity, architects express dissatisfaction while envisioning a future in which they play a more significant role in shaping reputable brands and contributing to education. The study emphasizes the importance of dovetailing management and entrepreneurial education in architecture education in preparing graduates for the industry’s changing nature, emphasising the need for real-world skills. This research contributes insights into the architectural profession’s transformative trajectory, emphasising adaptability, upskilling, and educational enhancements as critical success factors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=architects" title="architects">architects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=career%20path" title=" career path"> career path</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education" title=" education"> education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=management" title=" management"> management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=specialisation" title=" specialisation"> specialisation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179011/strategic-management-education-a-driver-of-architectural-career-development-in-a-changing-environment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179011.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">66</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">604</span> Demographic Variations of Multiple Sclerosis Patients between Britain and Kuwait</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Fuad%20Ashour">Ali Fuad Ashour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, progressive and degenerative disease that affects the central nervous system (CNS). MS has been described to result in the debilitating symptom of the disease. It is reported to have a negative impact on the patient’s mental activities, brings a lower quality of life, leads to unemployment, causes distress and psychological disorders, generates low levels of motivation and self-esteem, and result in disability and neurological impairment. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of MS on patients from Britain and Kuwait. Methodology: A questionnaire was distributed to 200 individuals with MS (100 Kuwaiti and 100 British). The questionnaire consists of three parts; 1. General demographics, 2. Disease-specific data (symptoms, severity levels, relapse frequency, and support system), and 3. Attitudes towards physical exercise. Results: A response rate of 62% from the British sample and 50% from the Kuwaiti sample was achieved. 84% of the sample (n=52) were 41 years old or over. The duration of the disease was less than 10 years in 43.4% of British and 68% of Kuwaiti respondents. The majority of British respondents (56.5%) reported the disease severity to be moderate, while the majority of Kuwaitis was mild (72%). The annual relapse rates in Kuwait were relatively low, with 82% of the Kuwaiti sample had one relapse per year, compared to the 64.5% of British. The most common symptoms reported by British respondents were balance (75.8%), fatigue (74.2%), and weakness (71%), and by Kuwaiti respondents were fatigue (86%), balance (76%), and weakness (66%). The help and support for MS were by far more diverse for the British than Kuwaiti respondents. Discussion: The results unveiled marked differences between two groups of British and Kuwaiti MS patients in terms of patients’ age and disease duration, and severity. The overwhelming majority of Kuwaiti patients are young individuals who have been with the disease for a relatively short period of time, and their MS in most cases was mild. On the other hand, British patients were relatively older, many have been with the disease for a long period of time, and their average MS condition was more serious than that of their Kuwaiti counterparts. The main support in Kuwait comes from the neurologist, who primarily prescribe medications and advise patients to try to be active. The Kuwaiti respondents thought that lack of encouragement was the main reason for them not to engage in social activities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiple%20sclerosis" title="multiple sclerosis">multiple sclerosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kuwait" title=" Kuwait"> Kuwait</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exercise" title=" exercise"> exercise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=demographic" title=" demographic"> demographic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134589/demographic-variations-of-multiple-sclerosis-patients-between-britain-and-kuwait" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134589.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">118</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">603</span> British Aristocratic Irony on Screen: Subtitling Shifts in Downton Abbey</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nahed%20Almutairi">Nahed Almutairi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The subtitling process for period dramas implies a set of linguistic challenges. Audio-visual (AV) texts in this genre weave a rich tapestry of verbal irony blended with humor. The famous TV series Downtown Abbey contains such irony as one of the British aristocracy's linguistic markers. This study aims to examine subtitling strategies utilized in rendering such verbal irony. To counteract the negative postulated by Berman with the positive shifts, a qualitative analysis is conducted to examine the impact of the presence and absence of negative deforming tendencies in the Arabic subtitles of the first season of the British drama. This research is significant because it contributes to the discipline of translation studies, specifically the realm of AV translation. It seeks to provide a set of guidelines for optimal subtitling strategies that maintain the stylistic peculiarities of a social class that don’t exist in the target culture while also considering the practical aspects of translating subtitles. The findings indicate that negative shifts in the use of ironic expressions distort not only the stylistic elements of British aristocracy's utterances but also result in a loss of the intended meaning. This implies that what Berman’s model identifies as negative is also perceived as negative linguistic shifts in the Arabic subtitles of the British aristocracy’s verbal irony. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Downton%20Abbey" title="Downton Abbey">Downton Abbey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deforming%20tendencies" title=" deforming tendencies"> deforming tendencies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=berman" title=" berman"> berman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=subtitling%20shifts" title=" subtitling shifts"> subtitling shifts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=verbal%20irony" title=" verbal irony"> verbal irony</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176501/british-aristocratic-irony-on-screen-subtitling-shifts-in-downton-abbey" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176501.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">82</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">602</span> Cross-Dialect Sentence Transformation: A Comparative Analysis of Language Models for Adapting Sentences to British English</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shashwat%20Mookherjee">Shashwat Mookherjee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shruti%20Dutta"> Shruti Dutta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study explores linguistic distinctions among American, Indian, and Irish English dialects and assesses various Language Models (LLMs) in their ability to generate British English translations from these dialects. Using cosine similarity analysis, the study measures the linguistic proximity between original British English translations and those produced by LLMs for each dialect. The findings reveal that Indian and Irish English translations maintain notably high similarity scores, suggesting strong linguistic alignment with British English. In contrast, American English exhibits slightly lower similarity, reflecting its distinct linguistic traits. Additionally, the choice of LLM significantly impacts translation quality, with Llama-2-70b consistently demonstrating superior performance. The study underscores the importance of selecting the right model for dialect translation, emphasizing the role of linguistic expertise and contextual understanding in achieving accurate translations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross-dialect%20translation" title="cross-dialect translation">cross-dialect translation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20models" title=" language models"> language models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linguistic%20similarity" title=" linguistic similarity"> linguistic similarity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multilingual%20NLP" title=" multilingual NLP"> multilingual NLP</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184401/cross-dialect-sentence-transformation-a-comparative-analysis-of-language-models-for-adapting-sentences-to-british-english" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184401.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">76</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">601</span> Economic Conflict between the United Kingdom and the European Community 1945-1975 </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soumia%20Hebbri">Soumia Hebbri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The relationship between Britain and the European Union is phenomenally complex with a great opposition to Europe in the British Conservative and Labour Parties emerged since 1945. During the history and development of the European Union, Europe saw a lack of British involvement until 1961, after refusing to sign the Treaties of Rome of 1957 for being a member of the European Economic Community. Britain then applied to join the EEC in 1961 under Harold Macmillan’s Conservative Government, its application led by the Chief Negotiator Edward Heath. This application was vetoed by President de Gaulle. With de Gaulle out of power Britain. finally could joined in 1973. But again Labour and conservative both found themselves divided on the issue and they hold a referendum under labour on whether to continue the UK’s membership. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20European%20Union" title="the European Union">the European Union</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20British" title=" the British"> the British</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20community" title=" economic community"> economic community</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=de%20Gaulle" title=" de Gaulle"> de Gaulle</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28839/economic-conflict-between-the-united-kingdom-and-the-european-community-1945-1975" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28839.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">491</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">600</span> Traveling Abroad and the Construction of British Identity and Culture in Selected Women Writers: Lady Elizabeth Craven's A Journey Through the Crimea to Constantinople (1789) and Lady Mary Wortley Montagu's Embassy Letters (1716-1718)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raja%20Al-Khalili">Raja Al-Khalili</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Traveling abroad for British citizens in the eighteenth century was usually performed for two reasons. The first major form was for administering the expanding realm of the British Empire and its need for officials in governing the natives and facilitating the work of business companies. The other form of travel was for pleasure and involved a manifestation of wealth. This form of travel was a prelude for the modern industry of tourism and usually involved a tour of Europe and the Mediterranean. In both forms of travel the British encountered a myriad of cultures. Travel had fostered a sense of pride and confirmed an ethnocentric view of British superiority, but it also brought a critical self-examination of belonging to a colonial empire that thrives on the weaknesses of other nations. Women writers in particular have sought in the travels a kind of self-exploration of the nature of social patriarchy in a diversity of cultures. Both Lady Elizabeth Craven in A Journey through the Crimea to Constantinople (1789) and Lady Mary Wortley Montagu in Embassy Letters (1716-1718) have observed the culture of the Ottomans and then pursued to reflect on the social role of women in England. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=travel%20writing" title="travel writing">travel writing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elizabeth%20Craven" title=" Elizabeth Craven"> Elizabeth Craven</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lady%20Mary%20Wortley" title=" Lady Mary Wortley"> Lady Mary Wortley</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=patriarchy" title=" patriarchy"> patriarchy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62182/traveling-abroad-and-the-construction-of-british-identity-and-culture-in-selected-women-writers-lady-elizabeth-cravens-a-journey-through-the-crimea-to-constantinople-1789-and-lady-mary-wortley-montagus-embassy-letters-1716-1718" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62182.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">331</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">599</span> Exploring the Vocabulary and Grammar Advantage of US American over British English Speakers at Age 2;0</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Janine%20Just">Janine Just</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kerstin%20Meints"> Kerstin Meints</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The research aims to compare vocabulary size and grammatical development between US American English- and British English-speaking children at age 2;0. As there is evidence that precocious children with large vocabularies develop grammar skills earlier than their typically developing peers, it was investigated if this also holds true across varieties of English. Thus, if US American children start to produce words earlier than their British counterparts, this could mean that US children are also at an advantage in the early developmental stages of acquiring grammar. This research employs a British English adaptation of the MacArthur-Bates CDI Words and Sentences (Lincoln Toddler CDI) to compare vocabulary and also grammar scores with the updated US Toddler CDI norms. At first, the Lincoln TCDI was assessed for its concurrent validity with the Preschool Language Scale (PLS-5 UK). This showed high correlations for the vocabulary and grammar subscales between the tests. In addition, the frequency of the Toddler CDI’s words was also compared using American and British English corpora of adult spoken and written language. A paired-samples t-test found a significant difference in word frequency between the British and the American CDI demonstrating that the TCDI’s words were indeed of higher frequency in British English. We then compared language and grammar scores between US (N = 135) and British children (N = 96). A two-way between groups ANOVA examined if the two samples differed in terms of SES (i.e. maternal education) by investigating the impact of SES and country on vocabulary and sentence complexity. The two samples did not differ in terms of maternal education as the interaction effects between SES and country were not significant. In most cases, scores were not significantly different between US and British children, for example, for overall word production and most grammatical subscales (i.e. use of words, over- regularizations, complex sentences, word combinations). However, in-depth analysis showed that US children were significantly better than British children at using some noun categories (i.e. people, objects, places) and several categories marking early grammatical development (i.e. pronouns, prepositions, quantifiers, helping words). However, the effect sizes were small. Significant differences for grammar were found for irregular word forms and progressive tense suffixes. US children were more advanced in their use of these grammatical categories, but the effect sizes were small. In sum, while differences exist in terms of vocabulary and grammar ability, favouring US children, effect sizes were small. It can be concluded that most British children are ‘catching up’ with their US American peers at age 2;0. Implications of this research will be discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=first%20language%20acquisition" title="first language acquisition">first language acquisition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grammar" title=" grammar"> grammar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parent%20report%20instrument" title=" parent report instrument"> parent report instrument</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vocabulary" title=" vocabulary"> vocabulary</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66683/exploring-the-vocabulary-and-grammar-advantage-of-us-american-over-british-english-speakers-at-age-20" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66683.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">283</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">598</span> Uruguayan vs. British Press Coverage of a Political Kidnapping</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luisa%20Peirano">Luisa Peirano</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> What began as a middle-class insurgent political movement whose slogan was 'Words divide us. Action unites us!' ultimately mutated into an underground terrorist group that staged a series of armed robberies, kidnappings and even executions in the 1960s and early 1970s. One of the most memorable was the kidnapping of the British ambassador, Sir Geoffrey Jackson, in January 1971, who was held captive for eight months. The episode, which triggered a massive government response and resulted in the capture of the Tupamaros leaders, continued to have political repercussions decades later when Tupamaros leaders emerged from prison to re-enter mainstream Uruguayan politics. The kidnapping and its aftermath attracted intense media coverage in Uruguay and Britain, coverage that affected public opinion profoundly. The treatment by the Uruguayan and British medias’ diverged, however. Uruguayan newspapers focused on political issues, mirrored the positions of various political parties, and showed the larger context of social, cultural and political forces that rocked Latin America in the 1960s and early 1970s. By contrast, the British press limited its attention mainly to the human drama. On the 30th anniversary of Sir Geoffrey Jackson's death, this study compares over one hundred major newspaper articles and suggests some reasons for the differences between Uruguayan and British media treatment in terms of the volume, content, and perspective as well in the effect on readers. The differences have persisted and continue to matter in present day coverage of terrorism and its victims. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=British%20Ambassador" title="British Ambassador">British Ambassador</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Churchill%20Archives%20Centre" title=" Churchill Archives Centre"> Churchill Archives Centre</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sir%20Geoffrey%20Jackson" title=" Sir Geoffrey Jackson"> Sir Geoffrey Jackson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20kidnapping" title=" political kidnapping"> political kidnapping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Latin%20America%20in%20the%201960%27s" title=" Latin America in the 1960's"> Latin America in the 1960's</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tupamaro%20guerrillas" title=" Tupamaro guerrillas"> Tupamaro guerrillas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Uruguay" title=" Uruguay"> Uruguay</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88026/uruguayan-vs-british-press-coverage-of-a-political-kidnapping" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88026.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">202</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">597</span> A Social Identity Analysis of Ottoman and Safavid Architects in the Historical Documents of the 16th to 17th Centuries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farzaneh%20%20Farrokhfar">Farzaneh Farrokhfar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Khazaie"> Mohammad Khazaie</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The 16th and 17th centuries coincide with the classical age of Ottoman art history. Simultaneously with this age and in the eastern neighborhood of the Ottoman state, the Safavid Shiite state emerged, which, despite political and religious differences with the Ottomans, played an important role in cultural and artistic exchanges with Anatolia. The harmony of arts, including architecture, is one of the most important manifestations of cultural exchange between the two regions, which shows the intellectual commonalities of the two regions. In parallel with the production of works of art, the registration of information and identities of Ottoman and Safavid artists and craftsmen has been done by many historians and biographers, some of whom, fortunately, are available to us today and can be evaluated. This research first intends to read historical documents and reports related to the architects of the two Ottoman states in Anatolia and Safavid states in Iran in the 16th and 17th centuries and then examines the status of architects' information records and their location in the two regions. The results reveal the names and identities of some Ottoman and Safavid architects in the 16th and 17th centuries and show the method of recording information in the documents of the two regions. This research is done in a comparative historical method, and the method of collecting its resources is a documentary library. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classical%20era" title="classical era">classical era</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ottoman%20architecture" title=" Ottoman architecture"> Ottoman architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Safavid%20architecture" title=" Safavid architecture"> Safavid architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Central%20Asian%20historical%20documents" title=" Central Asian historical documents"> Central Asian historical documents</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136030/a-social-identity-analysis-of-ottoman-and-safavid-architects-in-the-historical-documents-of-the-16th-to-17th-centuries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136030.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">129</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">596</span> Comparison of Verb Complementation Patterns in Selected Pakistani and British English Newspaper Social Columns: A Corpus-Based Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zafar%20Iqbal%20Bhatti">Zafar Iqbal Bhatti</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present research aims to examine and evaluate the frequencies and practices of verb complementation patterns in English newspaper social columns published in Pakistan and Britain. The research will demonstrate that Pakistani English is a non-native variety of English having its own unique usual and logical characteristics, affected by way of the native languages and the culture, upon syntactic levels, making the variety users aware that any differences from British or American English that are systematic and regular, or another English language, are not even if they are unique, erroneous forms and typical characteristics of several kinds. The objectives are to examine the verb complementation patterns that British and Pakistani social columnists use in relation to their syntactic categories. Secondly, to compare the verb complementation patterns used in Pakistani and British English newspapers social columns. This study will figure out various verb complementation patterns in Pakistani and British English newspaper social columns and their occurrence and distribution. The word classes express different functions of words, such as action, event, or state of being. This research aims to evaluate whether there are any appreciable differences in the verb complementation patterns used in Pakistani and British English newspaper social columns. The results will show the number of varieties of verb complementation patterns in selected English newspapers social columns. This study will fill the gap of previous studies conducted in this field as they only explore a little about the differences between Pakistani and British English newspapers. It will also figure out a variety of languages used in Pakistani and British English journals, as well as regional and cultural values and variations. The researcher will use AntConc software in this study to extract the data for analysis. The researcher will use a concordance tool to identify verb complementation patterns in selected data. Then the researcher will manually categorize them because the same type of adverb can sometimes be used for various purposes. From 1st June 2022 to 30th Sep. 2022, a four-month written corpus of the social columns of PE and BE newspapers will be collected and analyzed. For the analysis of the research questions, 50 social columns will be selected from Pakistani newspapers and 50 from British newspapers. The researcher will collect a representative sample of data from Pakistani and British English newspaper social columns. The researcher will manually analyze the complementation patterns of each verb in each sentence, and then the researcher will determine how frequently each pattern occurs. The researcher will use syntactic characteristics of the verb complementation elements according to the description by Downing and Locke (2006). The researcher will examine all of the verb complementation patterns in the data, and the frequency and distribution of each verb complementation pattern will be evaluated using the software. The researcher will explore every possible verb complementation pattern in Pakistani and British English before calculating the occurrence and abundance of each verb pattern. The researcher will explore every possible verb complementation pattern in Pakistani English before calculating the frequency and distribution of each pattern. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=verb%20complementation" title="verb complementation">verb complementation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=syntactic%20categories" title=" syntactic categories"> syntactic categories</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=newspaper%20social%20columns" title=" newspaper social columns"> newspaper social columns</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corpus" title=" corpus"> corpus</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183243/comparison-of-verb-complementation-patterns-in-selected-pakistani-and-british-english-newspaper-social-columns-a-corpus-based-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183243.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">51</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">595</span> The Professionalisation of British Intelligence Analysts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20S.%20Goodman">Michael S. Goodman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Joint Intelligence Committee (JIC) has been the senior most analytical body in the UK since its creation in 1936. At various points in its history, most notably and recently in 2004, in the wake of the Iraq war, questions have been asked about its analytical process. In 1968 the British intelligence community saw one of its biggest transformations: the creation of an independent, central cadre of analysts. The ‘Assessments Staff’ was a novel attempt to improve the quality of analysis by fostering independence from departmental biases that had long plagued British intelligence. Seconded into the Cabinet Office, staff were allocated a ‘desk,’ and their role was to produce high level assessments for the most senior readers in the land. At the same time, efforts were made to ‘professionalise’ the analysts. This paper is based on a detailed archival examination of the JIC’s documentary files. It will recount the reasons behind this organisational reform, what the changes entailed, and whether they were a success. The changes were immediately brought to bear with the intelligence assessments prior to the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia, something that the JIC failed to appreciate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intelligence" title="intelligence">intelligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cold%20war%20history" title=" cold war history"> cold war history</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analysis" title=" analysis"> analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=united%20kingdom" title=" united kingdom"> united kingdom</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165753/the-professionalisation-of-british-intelligence-analysts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165753.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">78</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">594</span> The Influence of National Culture on Business Negotiations: An Exploratory Study of Venezuelan and British Managers </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Haffar">Mohamed Haffar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Loredana%20Perez"> Loredana Perez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Significant attention has recently been paid to the cross-cultural negotiations due to the growth of international businesses. Despite the substantial body of literature examining the influence of national culture (NC) dimensions on negotiations, there is a lack of studies comparing the influence of NC in Latin America with a Western European countries, In particular, an extensive review of the literature revealed that a contribution to knowledge would be derived from the comparison of the influence of NC dimensions on negotiations in UK and Venezuela. The primary data was collected through qualitative interviews, to obtain an insight about the perceptions and beliefs of Venezuelan and British business managers about their negotiating styles. The findings of this study indicated that NC has a great influence on the negotiating styles. In particular, Venezuelan and British managers demonstrated to have opposed negotiating styles, affecting the way they communicate, approach people and their willingness to take risks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=national%20culture" title="national culture">national culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=negotiation" title=" negotiation"> negotiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20business" title=" international business"> international business</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Venezula" title=" Venezula"> Venezula</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UK" title=" UK "> UK </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25065/the-influence-of-national-culture-on-business-negotiations-an-exploratory-study-of-venezuelan-and-british-managers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25065.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">470</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">593</span> Two Houses in the Arabian Desert: Assessing the Built Work of RCR Architects in the UAE</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Igor%20Peraza%20Curiel">Igor Peraza Curiel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suzanne%20Strum"> Suzanne Strum</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Today, when many foreign architects are receiving commissions in the United Arab Emirates, it is essential to analyze how their designs are influenced by the region's culture, environment, and building traditions. This study examines the approach to siting, geometry, construction methods, and material choices in two private homes for a family in Dubai, a project being constructed on adjacent sites by the acclaimed Spanish team of RCR Architects. Their third project in Dubai, the houses mark a turning point in their design approach to the desert. The Pritzker Prize-winning architects of RCR gained renown for building works deeply responsive to the history, landscape, and customs of their hometown in a volcanic area of the Catalonia region of Spain. Key formative projects and their entry to practice in UAE will be analyzed according to the concepts of place identity, the poetics of construction, and material imagination. The poetics of construction, a theoretical position with a long practical tradition, was revived by the British critic Kenneth Frampton. The idea of architecture as a constructional craft is related to the concepts of material imagination and place identity--phenomenological concerns with the creative engagement with local matter and topography that are at the very essence of RCR's way of designing, detailing, and making. Our study situates RCR within the challenges of building in the region, where western forms and means have largely replaced the ingenious responsiveness of indigenous architecture to the climate and material scarcity. The dwellings, iterations of the same steel and concrete vaulting system, highlight the conceptual framework of RCR's design approach to offer a study in contemporary critical regionalism. The Kama House evokes Bedouin tents, while the Alwah House takes the form of desert dunes in response to the temporality of the winds. Metal mesh screens designed to capture the shifting sands will complete the forms. The original research draws on interviews with the architects and unique documentation provided by them and collected by the authors during on-site visits. By examining the two houses in-depth, this paper foregrounds a series of timely questions: 1) What is the impact of the local climatic, cultural, and material conditions on their project in the UAE? 2) How does this work further their experiences in the region? 3) How has RCR adapted their construction techniques as their work expands beyond familiar settings? The investigation seeks to understand how the design methodology developed for more than 20 years and enmeshed in the regional milieu of their hometown can transform as the architects encounter unique characteristics and values in the Middle East. By focusing on the contemporary interpretation of Arabic geometry and elements, the houses reveal the role of geometry, tectonics, and material specificity in the realization from conceptual sketches to built form. In emphasizing the importance of regional responsiveness, the dynamics of international construction practice, and detailing this study highlights essential issues for professionals and students looking to practice in an increasingly global market. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=material%20imagination" title="material imagination">material imagination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regional%20responsiveness" title=" regional responsiveness"> regional responsiveness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=place%20identity" title=" place identity"> place identity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poetics%20of%20construction" title=" poetics of construction"> poetics of construction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152980/two-houses-in-the-arabian-desert-assessing-the-built-work-of-rcr-architects-in-the-uae" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152980.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">146</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">592</span> A Study on the Impacts of Computer Aided Design on the Architectural Design Process</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Halleh%20Nejadriahi">Halleh Nejadriahi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamyar%20Arab"> Kamyar Arab</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Computer-aided design (CAD) tools have been extensively used by the architects for the several decades. It has evolved from being a simple drafting tool to being an intelligent architectural software and a powerful means of communication for architects. CAD plays an essential role in the profession of architecture and is a basic tool for any architectural firm. It is not possible for an architectural firm to compete without taking the advantage of computer software, due to the high demand and competition in the architectural industry. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impacts of CAD on the architectural design process from conceptual level to final product, particularly in architectural practice. It examines the range of benefits of integrating CAD into the industry and discusses the possible defects limiting the architects. Method of this study is qualitatively based on data collected from the professionals’ perspective. The identified benefits and limitations of CAD on the architectural design process will raise the awareness of professionals on the potentials of CAD and proper utilization of that in the industry, which would result in a higher productivity along with a better quality in the architectural offices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=architecture" title="architecture">architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=architectural%20practice" title=" architectural practice"> architectural practice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computer%20aided%20design%20%28CAD%29" title=" computer aided design (CAD)"> computer aided design (CAD)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20process" title=" design process"> design process</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75147/a-study-on-the-impacts-of-computer-aided-design-on-the-architectural-design-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75147.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">360</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">591</span> Assessment of Runway Micro Texture Using Surface Laser Scanners: An Explorative Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gerard%20Van%20Es">Gerard Van Es</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, the use of a high resolution surface laser scanner to assess the micro texture of runway surfaces was investigated experimentally. Micro texture is one of the important surface components that helps to provide high braking friction between aircraft tires and a wet runway surface. Algorithms to derive different parameters that characterise micro texture was developed. Surface scans with a high resolution laser scanner were conducted on 40 different runway (like) surfaces. For each surface micro texture parameters were calculated from the laser scan data. These results were correlated with results obtained from a British pendulum tester that was used on the same surface. Results obtained with the British pendulum tester are generally considered to be indicative for the micro texture related friction characteristics. The results show that a meaningful correlation can be found between different parameters that characterise micro texture obtained with the laser scanner and the British pendulum tester results. Surface laser scanners are easier to operate and give more consistent results than a British pendulum tester. Therefore for airport operators surface laser scanners can be a useful tool to determine if their runway becomes slippery when wet due to a smooth micro texture. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=runway%20friction" title="runway friction">runway friction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micro%20texture" title=" micro texture"> micro texture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aircraft%20braking%20performance" title=" aircraft braking performance"> aircraft braking performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slippery%20runways" title=" slippery runways"> slippery runways</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151466/assessment-of-runway-micro-texture-using-surface-laser-scanners-an-explorative-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151466.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">122</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">590</span> Colonial Racism and the Benin Bronze Artefacts, 1862-1960</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Idahosa%20Osagie%20Ojo">Idahosa Osagie Ojo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research is on colonial racism and the Benin bronze artefacts between 1862 and 1960. It analyses the British racial sentiments against the Benin people that heralded colonial rule and how they influenced the perceptions of the artworks during the period. The aim is to contribute to the knowledge of colonial rule in Benin by bringing to the fore its impacts on the perception and interpretation of the Benin bronze artefacts during the period. Primary and secondary sources were utilised and the historical method was adopted. The findings reveal that the first British racial propaganda against the Benin people started in 1862 and that it was consciously orchestrated to manoeuvre public opinion for the ill-conceived colonial project. The research also reveals that the Benin people were not alone in this, as other peoples of Africa that were targeted for British colonial domination suffered the same fate. Findings also show that racial propaganda was actually used to rationalised colonial rule in Benin and that it later influenced the interpretations and perception of the Benin bronze artefacts throughout the colonial period and beyond. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bronzes" title=" Bronzes"> Bronzes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=colonial" title=" colonial"> colonial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=racism" title=" racism"> racism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150108/colonial-racism-and-the-benin-bronze-artefacts-1862-1960" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150108.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">125</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">589</span> New Forms of Living and Compatibility with the Three Ages of Life - Definition of Fundamental Design Characteristics for Intergenerational Mansions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alessandra%20Marino">Alessandra Marino</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper thoroughly investigates the design characteristics necessary for intergenerational living and evaluates their applicability within the Italian social panorama in order to identify a model that can serve as a reference for subsequent regulatory adjustments of a new building typology. The applied methodology involves the collaboration of people with various background and architects, all representing the three main ages of life - childhood or youth, adulthood, seniority - through questionnaires aimed at researching the peculiar characteristics that contemporary intergenerational housing should include; the questionnaires are then compared with each other in order to identify any recurring patterns by age group and/or influenced by the specialist knowledge on the subject of the architects compared to the rest of the user sample. The results indicate that among specialist users in the field of architecture, young students identify home automation as the key to the inclusion of the weakest groups within the building, adult architects believe that the identification of intergenerational/community services within the building is the cornerstone, and senior architects focus on widespread spatial accessibility. At the same time, the results among non-specialist users do not identify a significantly diversified model by age group but are generally in agreement in the importance of separation between private environments and collective spaces. The interpretation of the results obtained leads to a compositional study of a new building typology with the future objective of channeling the subsequent outcomes within the regulatory adjustments of the sector. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intergenerational%20living" title="intergenerational living">intergenerational living</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20sustainability" title=" social sustainability"> social sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health" title=" health"> health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lifestyle" title=" lifestyle"> lifestyle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=well-being" title=" well-being"> well-being</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177741/new-forms-of-living-and-compatibility-with-the-three-ages-of-life-definition-of-fundamental-design-characteristics-for-intergenerational-mansions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177741.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">69</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=British%20architects&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=British%20architects&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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