CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Search results for: congestion control</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: congestion control"> <meta name="keywords" content="congestion control"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="congestion control" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2024/2025/2026">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/committees" rel="nofollow">Committees</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdownPublications" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Publications </a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdownPublications"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/page/support" title="Support">Support</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <main> <div class="container mt-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9 mx-auto"> <form method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="congestion control"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 10997</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: congestion control</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10997</span> Multi-Level Clustering Based Congestion Control Protocol for Cyber Physical Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manpreet%20Kaur">Manpreet Kaur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amita%20Rani"> Amita Rani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanjay%20Kumar"> Sanjay Kumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Internet of Things (IoT), a cyber-physical paradigm, allows a large number of devices to connect and send the sensory data in the network simultaneously. This tremendous amount of data generated leads to very high network load consequently resulting in network congestion. It further amounts to frequent loss of useful information and depletion of significant amount of nodes’ energy. Therefore, there is a need to control congestion in IoT so as to prolong network lifetime and improve the quality of service (QoS). Hence, we propose a two-level clustering based routing algorithm considering congestion score and packet priority metrics that focus on minimizing the network congestion. In the proposed Priority based Congestion Control (PBCC) protocol the sensor nodes in IoT network form clusters that reduces the amount of traffic and the nodes are prioritized to emphasize important data. Simultaneously, a congestion score determines the occurrence of congestion at a particular node. The proposed protocol outperforms the existing Packet Discard Network Clustering (PDNC) protocol in terms of buffer size, packet transmission range, network region and number of nodes, under various simulation scenarios. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internet%20of%20things" title="internet of things">internet of things</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyber-physical%20systems" title=" cyber-physical systems"> cyber-physical systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=congestion%20control" title=" congestion control"> congestion control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=priority" title=" priority"> priority</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transmission%20rate" title=" transmission rate"> transmission rate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108306/multi-level-clustering-based-congestion-control-protocol-for-cyber-physical-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108306.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">308</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10996</span> Development of a Congestion Controller of Computer Network Using Artificial Intelligence Algorithm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mary%20Anne%20Roa">Mary Anne Roa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Congestion in network occurs due to exceed in aggregate demand as compared to the accessible capacity of the resources. Network congestion will increase as network speed increases and new effective congestion control methods are needed, especially for today’s very high speed networks. To address this undeniably global issue, the study focuses on the development of a fuzzy-based congestion control model concerned with allocating the resources of a computer network such that the system can operate at an adequate performance level when the demand exceeds or is near the capacity of the resources. Fuzzy logic based models have proven capable of accurately representing a wide variety of processes. The model built is based on bandwidth, the aggregate incoming traffic and the waiting time. The theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed algorithm provides not only good utilization but also low packet loss. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=congestion%20control" title="congestion control">congestion control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=queue%20management" title=" queue management"> queue management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computer%20networks" title=" computer networks"> computer networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy%20logic" title=" fuzzy logic"> fuzzy logic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49453/development-of-a-congestion-controller-of-computer-network-using-artificial-intelligence-algorithm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49453.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">397</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10995</span> Mean-Field Type Modeling of Non-Local Congestion in Pedestrian Crowd Dynamics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexander%20Aurell">Alexander Aurell</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the latest trends in the modeling of human crowds is the mean-field game approach. In the mean-field game approach, the motion of a human crowd is described by a nonstandard stochastic optimal control problem. It is nonstandard since congestion is considered, introduced through a dependence in the performance functional on the distribution of the crowd. This study extends the class of mean-field pedestrian crowd models to allow for non-local congestion and arbitrary, but finitely, many interacting crowds. The new congestion feature grants pedestrians a 'personal space' where crowding is undesirable. The model is treated as a mean-field type game which is derived from a particle picture. This, in contrast to a mean-field game, better describes a situation where the crowd can be controlled by a central planner. The latter is suitable for decentralized situations. Solutions to the mean-field type game are characterized via a Pontryagin-type Maximum Principle. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=congestion" title="congestion">congestion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crowd%20dynamics" title=" crowd dynamics"> crowd dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interacting%20populations" title=" interacting populations"> interacting populations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mean-field%20approximation" title=" mean-field approximation"> mean-field approximation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimal%20control" title=" optimal control"> optimal control</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61485/mean-field-type-modeling-of-non-local-congestion-in-pedestrian-crowd-dynamics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61485.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">445</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10994</span> Traffic Congestion: Causes, Consequences, and Planning Solutions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raj%20Kumar%20Kama">Raj Kumar Kama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajshree%20Kamat"> Rajshree Kamat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Traffic congestion is a serious problem that is to be considered, and it is increasing day-by-day in urban areas that is seriously affecting the urban society. From the study, it is understood that increased urbanization and growth of population are the principal causes of congestion. It has adverse effects on society, economy, environment, and health. This study mainly focussed on studying and understanding the causes of congestion, consequences faced by urban society, and planning solutions to mitigate congestion. Techniques like transit oriented development (TOD) and integrated transport systems are more effective in mitigating traffic congestion. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20congestion" title="traffic congestion">traffic congestion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transit%20oriented%20development" title=" transit oriented development"> transit oriented development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=integrated%20transport%20system" title=" integrated transport system"> integrated transport system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urbanization" title=" urbanization"> urbanization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145515/traffic-congestion-causes-consequences-and-planning-solutions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145515.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">306</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10993</span> A New Verification Based Congestion Control Scheme in Mobile Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20K.%20Guha%20Thakurta">P. K. Guha Thakurta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shouvik%20Roy"> Shouvik Roy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bhawana%20Raj"> Bhawana Raj</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A congestion control scheme in mobile networks is proposed in this paper through a verification based model. The model proposed in this work is represented through performance metric like buffer Occupancy, latency and packet loss rate. Based on pre-defined values, each of the metric is introduced in terms of three different states. A Markov chain based model for the proposed work is introduced to monitor the occurrence of the corresponding state transitions. Thus, the estimation of the network status is obtained in terms of performance metric. In addition, the improved performance of our proposed model over existing works is shown with experimental results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=congestion" title="congestion">congestion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20networks" title=" mobile networks"> mobile networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=buffer" title=" buffer"> buffer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=delay" title=" delay"> delay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=call%20drop" title=" call drop"> call drop</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=markov%20chain" title=" markov chain"> markov chain</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19020/a-new-verification-based-congestion-control-scheme-in-mobile-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19020.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">441</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10992</span> Traffic Congestion Analysis and Modeling for Urban Roads of Srinagar City</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adinarayana%20Badveeti">Adinarayana Badveeti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Shafi%20Mir"> Mohammad Shafi Mir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In Srinagar City, in India, traffic congestion is a condition on transport networks that occurs as use increases and is characterized by slower speeds, longer trip times, and increased vehicular queuing. Traffic congestion is conventionally measured using indicators such as roadway level-of-service, the Travel Time Index and their variants. Several measures have been taken in order to counteract congestion like road pricing, car pooling, improved traffic management, etc. While new road construction can temporarily relieve congestion in the longer term, it simply encourages further growth in car traffic through increased travel and a switch away from public transport. The full paper report, on which this abstract is based, aims to provide policymakers and technical staff with the real-time data, conceptual framework and guidance on some of the engineering tools necessary to manage congestion in such a way as to reduce its overall impact on individuals, families, communities, and societies dynamic, affordable, liveable and attractive urban regions will never be free of congestion. Road transport policies, however, should seek to manage congestion on a cost-effective basis with the aim of reducing the burden that excessive congestion imposes upon travellers and urban dwellers throughout the urban road network. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20congestion" title="traffic congestion">traffic congestion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modeling" title=" modeling"> modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20management" title=" traffic management"> traffic management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=travel%20time%20index" title=" travel time index"> travel time index</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82508/traffic-congestion-analysis-and-modeling-for-urban-roads-of-srinagar-city" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82508.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">319</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10991</span> Traffic Congestion Problem and Possible Solution in Kabul City</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sayed%20Abdul%20Rahman%20Sadaat">Sayed Abdul Rahman Sadaat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nsenda%20Lukumwena"> Nsenda Lukumwena</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Traffic congestion is a worldwide issue, especially in developing countries. This is also the case of Afghanistan, especially in Kabul-the capital city, whose rapid population growth makes it the fifth fastest growing city in the world. Traffic congestion affects not only the mobility of people and goods but also the air quality that leads to numerous deaths (3000 people) every year. There are many factors that contribute to traffic congestion. The insufficiency and inefficiency of public transportation system along with the increase of private vehicles can be considered among the most important contributing factors. This paper addresses the traffic congestion and attempts to suggest possible solutions that can help improve the current public transportation system in Kabul. To this end, the methodology used in this paper includes field work conducted in Kabul city and literature review. The outcome suggests that improving the public transportation system is likely to contribute to the reduction of traffic congestion and the improvement of air quality, thereby reducing the number of death related to air quality. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20quality" title="air quality">air quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kabul" title=" Kabul"> Kabul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Afghanistan" title=" Afghanistan"> Afghanistan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20transportation%20system" title=" public transportation system"> public transportation system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=improvements" title=" improvements"> improvements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20congestion" title=" traffic congestion"> traffic congestion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82857/traffic-congestion-problem-and-possible-solution-in-kabul-city" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82857.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">381</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10990</span> Impact of Unbalanced Urban Structure on the Traffic Congestion in Biskra, Algeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaled%20Selatnia">Khaled Selatnia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nowadays, the traffic congestion becomes increasingly a chronic problem. Sometimes, the cause is attributed to the recurrent road works that create barriers to the efficient movement. But congestion, which usually occurs in cities, can take diverse forms and magnitudes. The case study of Biskra city in Algeria and the diagnosis of its road network show that throughout all the micro regional system, the road network seems at first quite dense. However, this density although it is important, does not cover all areas. A major flow is concentrated in the axis Sidi Okba – Biskra – Tolga. The largest movement of people in the Wilaya (prefecture) revolves around these three centers and their areas of influence. Centers farthest from the trio are very poorly served. This fact leads us to ask questions about the extent of congestion in Biskra city and its relationship to the imbalance of the urban framework. The objective of this paper is to highlight the impact of the urban fact on the traffic congestion. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=congestion" title="congestion">congestion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20framework" title=" urban framework"> urban framework</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regional" title=" regional"> regional</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20and%20regional%20studies" title=" urban and regional studies"> urban and regional studies</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23642/impact-of-unbalanced-urban-structure-on-the-traffic-congestion-in-biskra-algeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23642.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">625</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10989</span> Investigating the Effective Parameters in Determining the Type of Traffic Congestion Pricing Schemes in Urban Streets</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saeed%20Sayyad%20Hagh%20Shomar">Saeed Sayyad Hagh Shomar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Traffic congestion pricing – as a strategy in travel demand management in urban areas to reduce traffic congestion, air pollution and noise pollution – has drawn many attentions towards itself. Unlike the satisfying findings in this method, there are still problems in determining the best functional congestion pricing scheme with regard to the situation. The so-called problems in this process will result in further complications and even the scheme failure. That is why having proper knowledge of the significance of congestion pricing schemes and the effective factors in choosing them can lead to the success of this strategy. In this study, first, a variety of traffic congestion pricing schemes and their components are introduced; then, their functional usage is discussed. Next, by analyzing and comparing the barriers, limitations and advantages, the selection criteria of pricing schemes are described. The results, accordingly, show that the selection of the best scheme depends on various parameters. Finally, based on examining the effective parameters, it is concluded that the implementation of area-based schemes (cordon and zonal) has been more successful in non-diversion of traffic. That is considering the topology of the cities and the fact that traffic congestion is often created in the city centers, area-based schemes would be notably functional and appropriate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=congestion%20pricing" title="congestion pricing">congestion pricing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=demand%20management" title=" demand management"> demand management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flat%20toll" title=" flat toll"> flat toll</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=variable%20toll" title=" variable toll"> variable toll</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94312/investigating-the-effective-parameters-in-determining-the-type-of-traffic-congestion-pricing-schemes-in-urban-streets" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94312.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">390</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10988</span> Hybrid Multipath Congestion Control</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akshit%20Singhal">Akshit Singhal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xuan%20Wang"> Xuan Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhijun%20Wang"> Zhijun Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hao%20Che"> Hao Che</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hong%20Jiang"> Hong Jiang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Multiple Path Transmission Control Protocols (MPTCPs) allow flows to explore path diversity to improve the throughput, reliability and network resource utilization. However, the existing solutions may discourage users to adopt the solutions in the face of multipath scenario where different paths are charged based on different pricing structures, e.g., WiFi vs cellular connections, widely available for mobile phones. In this paper, we propose a Hybrid MPTCP (H-MPTCP) with a built-in mechanism to incentivize users to use multiple paths with different pricing structures. In the meantime, H-MPTCP preserves the nice properties enjoyed by the state-of-the-art MPTCP solutions. Extensive real Linux implementation results verify that H-MPTCP can indeed achieve the design objectives. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network" title="network">network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TCP" title=" TCP"> TCP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WiFi" title=" WiFi"> WiFi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cellular" title=" cellular"> cellular</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=congestion%20control" title=" congestion control"> congestion control</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145575/hybrid-multipath-congestion-control" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145575.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">716</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10987</span> The Traffic Congestion in Biskra in Algeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Selatnia%20Khaled%20Grine%20Ikram">Selatnia Khaled Grine Ikram</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The city of Biskra, like other Algerian cities, knows of urban traffic congestion. The concentration of investments especially in the secondary and tertiary sectors in the Wilaya has attracted a large rural population. The latter, combined with the high rate of natural growing, favored the imbalance of the spatial frame of wilayal system and consequently the traffic congestion of the primate city (Biskra). This urban disease is explained by a two-tier development. The capital of Wilaya growing faster than its others centers body and takes measurements of proportion to the whole. The consequences can only be negative. The pressure on the roads, the growth of the fleet, overloading of equipment and activities have become the characteristics of the city of Biskra, which can no longer meet the needs of its inhabitants. This research attempts to show the relationship between urban congestion of the primate city and the imbalance of the spatial structure of the micro-regional urban system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20congestion" title="traffic congestion">traffic congestion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20structure" title=" spatial structure"> spatial structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pressure%20on%20the%20roads" title=" pressure on the roads"> pressure on the roads</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equipment%20and%20activities" title=" equipment and activities"> equipment and activities</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23663/the-traffic-congestion-in-biskra-in-algeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23663.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">678</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10986</span> Design and Assessment of Traffic Management Strategies for Improved Mobility on Major Arterial Roads in Lahore City</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Ali">N. Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Nakayama"> S. Nakayama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Yamaguchi"> H. Yamaguchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Nadeem"> M. Nadeem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Traffic congestion is a matter of prime concern in developing countries. This can be primarily attributed due to poor design practices and biased allocation of resources based on political will neglecting the technical feasibilities in infrastructure design. During the last decade, Lahore has expanded at an unprecedented rate as compared to surrounding cities due to more funding and resource allocation by the previous governments. As a result of this, people from surrounding cities and areas moved to the Lahore city for better opportunities and quality of life. This migration inflow inherited the city with an increased population yielding the inefficiency of the existing infrastructure to accommodate enhanced traffic demand. This leads to traffic congestion on major arterial roads of the city. In this simulation study, a major arterial road was selected to evaluate the performance of the five intersections by changing the geometry of the intersections or signal control type. Simulations were done in two software; Highway Capacity Software (HCS) and Synchro Studio and Sim Traffic Software. Some of the traffic management strategies that were employed include actuated-signal control, semi-actuated signal control, fixed-time signal control, and roundabout. The most feasible solution for each intersection in the above-mentioned traffic management techniques was selected with the least delay time (seconds) and improved Level of Service (LOS). The results showed that Jinnah Hospital Intersection and Akbar Chowk Intersection improved 92.97% and 92.67% in delay time reduction, respectively. These results can be used by traffic planners and policy makers for decision making for the expansion of these intersections keeping in mind the traffic demand in future years. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20congestion" title="traffic congestion">traffic congestion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20simulation" title=" traffic simulation"> traffic simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20management" title=" traffic management"> traffic management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=congestion%20problems" title=" congestion problems"> congestion problems</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/115256/design-and-assessment-of-traffic-management-strategies-for-improved-mobility-on-major-arterial-roads-in-lahore-city" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/115256.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">470</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10985</span> Evaluation of the Efficiency of Intelligent Systems in Traffic Congestion Pricing Schemes in Urban Streets</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saeed%20Sayyad%20Hagh%20Shomar">Saeed Sayyad Hagh Shomar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Traffic congestion pricing as one of the demand management strategies constrains expenditure to network users so that it helps reduction in traffic congestion and environment pollution like air pollution. Despite the development of congestion pricing schemes for traffic in our country, the matters of traditional toll collection, drivers’ waste of time and delay in traffic are still widespread. Electronic toll collection as a part of the intelligent transportation system provides the possibility of collecting tolls without car-stop and traffic disruption. Unlike the satisfying outcomes of using intelligent systems in congestion pricing schemes, implementation costs and technological problems are the barriers in these schemes. In this research first, a variety of electronic pay toll systems and their components are introduced then their functional usage is discussed. In the following, by analyzing and comparing the barriers, limitations and advantages, the selection criteria of intelligent systems are described and the results show that the choice of the best technology depends on the various parameters which, by examining them, it is concluded that in a long-term run and by providing the necessary conditions, DSRC technology as the main system in the schemes and ANPR as a major backup system of the main one can be employed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=congestion%20pricing" title="congestion pricing">congestion pricing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electronic%20toll%20collection" title=" electronic toll collection"> electronic toll collection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intelligent%20systems" title=" intelligent systems"> intelligent systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technology" title=" technology"> technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic" title=" traffic"> traffic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93394/evaluation-of-the-efficiency-of-intelligent-systems-in-traffic-congestion-pricing-schemes-in-urban-streets" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93394.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">610</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10984</span> Anomalous Course of Left Ovarian Vein Associated with Pelvic Congestion Syndrome</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Viyango%20Pandian">Viyango Pandian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kumaresh%20Athiyappan"> Kumaresh Athiyappan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pelvic congestion Syndrome (PCS) is usually seen in multiparous women who give history of chronic dull-aching pelvic pain. We report a case of a 17 year old unmarried female, who presented with acute onset of chronic dull-aching abdominal pain in the left iliac fossa, which particularly increased during menstruation and was finally diagnosed to be pelvic congestion syndrome. On ultrasonography, multiple tortuous and dilated veins were observed in the left adnexa. Both ovaries appeared normal in size, volume and echotexture. Computed tomography (CT) angiography was performed to precisely delineate the venous pathway and to assess any associated abnormality; which showed a dilated and tortuous left ovarian vein with an anomalous course around the left kidney and draining into the left renal vein. Clinical parameters and hormonal levels were within normal limits. This is a rare case of anomalous course of left ovarian vein associated with pelvic congestion syndrome. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anomalous%20course%20of%20ovarian%20vein" title="anomalous course of ovarian vein">anomalous course of ovarian vein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computed%20tomography" title=" computed tomography"> computed tomography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pelvic%20congestion%20syndrome" title=" pelvic congestion syndrome"> pelvic congestion syndrome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasonography" title=" ultrasonography"> ultrasonography</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70992/anomalous-course-of-left-ovarian-vein-associated-with-pelvic-congestion-syndrome" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70992.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">418</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10983</span> Implementation of Congestion Management Strategies on Arterial Roads: Case Study of Geelong</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Das">A. Das</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Hitihamillage"> L. Hitihamillage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Moridpour"> S. Moridpour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Natural disasters are inevitable to the biodiversity. Disasters such as flood, tsunami and tornadoes could be brutal, harsh and devastating. In Australia, flooding is a major issue experienced by different parts of the country. In such crisis, delays in evacuation could decide the life and death of the people living in those regions. Congestion management could become a mammoth task if there are no steps taken before such situations. In the past to manage congestion in such circumstances, many strategies were utilised such as converting the road shoulders to extra lanes or changing the road geometry by adding more lanes. However, expansion of road to resolving congestion problems is not considered a viable option nowadays. The authorities avoid this option due to many reasons, such as lack of financial support and land space. They tend to focus their attention on optimising the current resources they possess and use traffic signals to overcome congestion problems. Traffic Signal Management strategy was considered a viable option, to alleviate congestion problems in the City of Geelong, Victoria. Arterial road with signalised intersections considered in this paper and the traffic data required for modelling collected from VicRoads. Traffic signalling software SIDRA used to model the roads, and the information gathered from VicRoads. In this paper, various signal parameters utilised to assess and improve the corridor performance to achieve the best possible Level of Services (LOS) for the arterial road. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=congestion" title="congestion">congestion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=constraints" title=" constraints"> constraints</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=management" title=" management"> management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LOS" title=" LOS"> LOS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77772/implementation-of-congestion-management-strategies-on-arterial-roads-case-study-of-geelong" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77772.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">397</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10982</span> Advanced Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization for Congestion and Power Loss Reduction in Distribution Networks with High Distributed Generation Penetration through Network Reconfiguration</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Iraklis">C. Iraklis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Evmiridis"> G. Evmiridis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Iraklis"> A. Iraklis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Renewable energy sources and distributed power generation units already have an important role in electrical power generation. A mixture of different technologies penetrating the electrical grid, adds complexity in the management of distribution networks. High penetration of distributed power generation units creates node over-voltages, huge power losses, unreliable power management, reverse power flow and congestion. This paper presents an optimization algorithm capable of reducing congestion and power losses, both described as a function of weighted sum. Two factors that describe congestion are being proposed. An upgraded selective particle swarm optimization algorithm (SPSO) is used as a solution tool focusing on the technique of network reconfiguration. The upgraded SPSO algorithm is achieved with the addition of a heuristic algorithm specializing in reduction of power losses, with several scenarios being tested. Results show significant improvement in minimization of losses and congestion while achieving very small calculation times. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=congestion" title="congestion">congestion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distribution%20networks" title=" distribution networks"> distribution networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=loss%20reduction" title=" loss reduction"> loss reduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle%20swarm%20optimization" title=" particle swarm optimization"> particle swarm optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20grid" title=" smart grid"> smart grid</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91520/advanced-hybrid-particle-swarm-optimization-for-congestion-and-power-loss-reduction-in-distribution-networks-with-high-distributed-generation-penetration-through-network-reconfiguration" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91520.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">445</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10981</span> Public Transport Assignment at Adama City</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Selamawit%20Mulubrhan%20Gidey">Selamawit Mulubrhan Gidey</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Adama city, having an area of 29.86 km2, is one of the main cities in Ethiopia experiencing rapid growth in business and construction activities which in turn with an increasing number of vehicles at an alarming rate. For this reason, currently, there is an attempt to develop public transport assignment modeling in the city. Still, there is a huge gap in developing public transport assignments along the road segments of the city with operational and safety performance due to high traffic volume. Thus, the introduction of public transport assignment modeling in Adama City can have a massive impact on the road safety and capacity problem in the city. City transport modeling is important in city transportation planning, particularly in overcoming existing transportation problems such as traffic congestion. In this study, the Adama City transportation model was developed using the PTV VISUM software, whose transportation modeling is based on the four-step model of transportation. Based on the traffic volume data fed and simulated, the result of the study shows that the developed model has better reliability in representing the traffic congestion conditions in Adama city, and the simulation clearly indicates the level of congestion of each route selected and thus, the city road administrative office can take managerial decisions on public transport assignment so as to overcome traffic congestion executed along the selected routes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trip%20modelling" title="trip modelling">trip modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PTV%20VISUM" title=" PTV VISUM"> PTV VISUM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20transport%20assignment" title=" public transport assignment"> public transport assignment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=congestion" title=" congestion"> congestion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187078/public-transport-assignment-at-adama-city" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187078.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">43</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10980</span> Congestion Control in Mobile Network by Prioritizing Handoff Calls</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20A.%20Lawal">O. A. Lawal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20A%20Ojesanmi"> O. A Ojesanmi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The demand for wireless cellular services continues to increase while the radio resources remain limited. Thus, network operators have to continuously manage the scarce radio resources in order to have an improved quality of service for mobile users. This paper proposes how to handle the problem of congestion in the mobile network by prioritizing handoff call, using the guard channel allocation scheme. The research uses specific threshold value for the time of allocation of the channel in the algorithm. The scheme would be simulated by generating various data for different traffics in the network as it would be in the real life. The result would be used to determine the probability of handoff call dropping and the probability of the new call blocking as a way of measuring the network performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=call%20block" title="call block">call block</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=channel" title=" channel"> channel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=handoff" title=" handoff"> handoff</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20cellular%20network" title=" mobile cellular network"> mobile cellular network</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36795/congestion-control-in-mobile-network-by-prioritizing-handoff-calls" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36795.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">394</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10979</span> Analysis and Evaluation of the Public Responses to Traffic Congestion Pricing Schemes in Urban Streets</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saeed%20Sayyad%20Hagh%20Shomar">Saeed Sayyad Hagh Shomar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Traffic congestion pricing in urban streets is one of the most suitable options for solving the traffic problems and environment pollutions in the cities of the country. Unlike its acceptable outcomes, there are problems concerning the necessity to pay by the mass. Regarding the fact that public response in order to succeed in this strategy is so influential, studying their response and behavior to get the feedback and improve the strategies is of great importance. In this study, a questionnaire was used to examine the public reactions to the traffic congestion pricing schemes at the center of Tehran metropolis and the factors involved in people’s decision making in accepting or rejecting the congestion pricing schemes were assessed based on the data obtained from the questionnaire as well as the international experiences. Then, by analyzing and comparing the schemes, guidelines to reduce public objections to them are discussed. The results of reviewing and evaluating the public reactions show that all the pros and cons must be considered to guarantee the success of these projects. Consequently, with targeted public education and consciousness-raising advertisements, prior to initiating a scheme and ensuring the mechanism of the implementation after the start of the project, the initial opposition is reduced and, with the gradual emergence of the real and tangible benefits of its implementation, users’ satisfaction will increase<span dir="RTL">.</span> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=demand%20management" title="demand management">demand management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20experiences" title=" international experiences"> international experiences</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20congestion%20pricing" title=" traffic congestion pricing"> traffic congestion pricing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20acceptance" title=" public acceptance"> public acceptance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20reactions" title=" public reactions"> public reactions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20objection" title=" public objection"> public objection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94559/analysis-and-evaluation-of-the-public-responses-to-traffic-congestion-pricing-schemes-in-urban-streets" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94559.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">243</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10978</span> Proposed Alternative System for Existing Traffic Signal System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alluri%20Swaroopa">Alluri Swaroopa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20V.%20N.%20Prasad"> L. V. N. Prasad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Alone with fast urbanization in world, traffic control problem became a big issue in urban construction. Having an efficient and reliable traffic control system is crucial to macro-traffic control. Traffic signal is used to manage conflicting requirement by allocating different sets of mutually compatible traffic movement during distinct time interval. Many approaches have been made proposed to solve this discrete stochastic problem. Recognizing the need to minimize right-of-way impacts while efficiently handling the anticipated high traffic volumes, the proposed alternative system gives effective design. This model allows for increased traffic capacity and reduces delays by eliminating a step in maneuvering through the freeway interchange. The concept proposed in this paper involves construction of bridges and ramps at intersection of four roads to control the vehicular congestion and to prevent traffic breakdown. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bridges" title="bridges">bridges</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=junctions" title=" junctions"> junctions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ramps" title=" ramps"> ramps</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20traffic%20control" title=" urban traffic control"> urban traffic control</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27580/proposed-alternative-system-for-existing-traffic-signal-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27580.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">553</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10977</span> Capacitated Multiple Allocation P-Hub Median Problem on a Cluster Based Network under Congestion</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C3%87a%C4%9Fr%C4%B1%20%C3%96zg%C3%BCn%20Kibiro%C4%9Flu">Çağrı Özgün Kibiroğlu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zeynep%20Turgut"> Zeynep Turgut</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper considers a hub location problem where the network service area partitioned into predetermined zones (represented by node clusters is given) and potential hub nodes capacity levels are determined a priori as a selection criteria of hub to investigate congestion effect on network. The objective is to design hub network by determining all required hub locations in the node clusters and also allocate non-hub nodes to hubs such that the total cost including transportation cost, opening cost of hubs and penalty cost for exceed of capacity level at hubs is minimized. A mixed integer linear programming model is developed introducing additional constraints to the traditional model of capacitated multiple allocation hub location problem and empirically tested. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hub%20location%20problem" title="hub location problem">hub location problem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=p-hub%20median%20problem" title=" p-hub median problem"> p-hub median problem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clustering" title=" clustering"> clustering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=congestion" title=" congestion"> congestion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83028/capacitated-multiple-allocation-p-hub-median-problem-on-a-cluster-based-network-under-congestion" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83028.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">492</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10976</span> Transmission Line Congestion Management Using Hybrid Fish-Bee Algorithm with Unified Power Flow Controller</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Valsalal">P. Valsalal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Thangalakshmi"> S. Thangalakshmi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There is a widespread changeover in the electrical power industry universally from old-style monopolistic outline towards a horizontally distributed competitive structure to come across the demand of rising consumption. When the transmission lines of derestricted system are incapable to oblige the entire service needs, the lines are overloaded or congested. The governor between customer and power producer is nominated as Independent System Operator (ISO) to lessen the congestion without obstructing transmission line restrictions. Among the existing approaches for congestion management, the frequently used approaches are reorganizing the generation and load curbing. There is a boundary for reorganizing the generators, and further loads may not be supplemented with the prevailing resources unless more private power producers are added in the system by considerably raising the cost. Hence, congestion is relaxed by appropriate Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) devices which boost the existing transfer capacity of transmission lines. The FACTs device, namely, Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) is preferred, and the correct placement of UPFC is more vital and should be positioned in the highly congested line. Hence, the weak line is identified by using power flow performance index with the new objective function with proposed hybrid Fish – Bee algorithm. Further, the location of UPFC at appropriate line reduces the branch loading and minimizes the voltage deviation. The power transfer capacity of lines is determined with and without UPFC in the identified congested line of IEEE 30 bus structure and the simulated results are compared with prevailing algorithms. It is observed that the transfer capacity of existing line is increased with the presented algorithm and thus alleviating the congestion. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=available%20line%20transfer%20capability" title="available line transfer capability">available line transfer capability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=congestion%20management" title=" congestion management"> congestion management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FACTS%20device" title=" FACTS device"> FACTS device</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hybrid%20Fish-Bee%20Algorithm" title=" Hybrid Fish-Bee Algorithm"> Hybrid Fish-Bee Algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ISO" title=" ISO"> ISO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UPFC" title=" UPFC"> UPFC</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57011/transmission-line-congestion-management-using-hybrid-fish-bee-algorithm-with-unified-power-flow-controller" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57011.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">383</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10975</span> A Comprehensive Evaluation of the Bus Rapid Transit Project from Gazipur to Airport at Dhaka Focusing on Environmental Impacts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Swapna%20Begum">Swapna Begum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Higano%20Yoshiro"> Higano Yoshiro</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Dhaka is the capital city of Bangladesh. It is considered as one of the traffic congested cities in the world. The growth of the population of this city is increasing day by day. The land use pattern and the increased socio-economic characteristics increase the motor vehicle ownership of this city. The rapid unplanned urbanization and poor transportation planning have deteriorated the transport environment of this city. Also, the huge travel demand with non-motorized traffics on streets is accounted for enormous traffic congestion in this city. The land transport sector in Dhaka is mainly dependent on road transport comprised of both motorized and non-motorized modes of travel. This improper modal mix and the un-integrated system have resulted in huge traffic congestion in this city. Moreover, this city has no well-organized public transport system and any Mass Transit System to cope with this ever increasing demand. Traffic congestion causes serious air pollution and adverse impact on the economy by deteriorating the accessibility, level of service, safety, comfort and operational efficiency. Therefore, there is an imperative need to introduce a well-organized, properly scheduled mass transit system like (Bus Rapid Transit) BRT minimizing the existing problems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20pollution" title="air pollution">air pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BRT" title=" BRT"> BRT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mass%20transit" title=" mass transit"> mass transit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20congestion" title=" traffic congestion"> traffic congestion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68750/a-comprehensive-evaluation-of-the-bus-rapid-transit-project-from-gazipur-to-airport-at-dhaka-focusing-on-environmental-impacts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68750.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">405</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10974</span> Time Organization for Decongesting Urban Mobility: New Methodology Identifying People's Behavior</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yassamina%20Berkane">Yassamina Berkane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leila%20Kloul"> Leila Kloul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yoann%20Demoli"> Yoann Demoli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Quality of life, environmental impact, congestion of mobility means, and infrastructures remain significant challenges for urban mobility. Solutions like car sharing, spatial redesign, eCommerce, and autonomous vehicles will likely increase the unit veh-km and the density of cars in urban traffic, thus reducing congestion. However, the impact of such solutions is not clear for researchers. Congestion arises from growing populations that must travel greater distances to arrive at similar locations (e.g., workplaces, schools) during the same time frame (e.g., rush hours). This paper first reviews the research and application cases of urban congestion methods through recent years. Rethinking the question of time, it then investigates people’s willingness and flexibility to adapt their arrival and departure times from workplaces. We use neural networks and methods of supervised learning to apply a new methodology for predicting peoples' intentions from their responses in a questionnaire. We created and distributed a questionnaire to more than 50 companies in the Paris suburb. Obtained results illustrate that our methodology can predict peoples' intentions to reschedule their activities (work, study, commerce, etc.). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20mobility" title="urban mobility">urban mobility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decongestion" title=" decongestion"> decongestion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neural%20network" title=" neural network"> neural network</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147832/time-organization-for-decongesting-urban-mobility-new-methodology-identifying-peoples-behavior" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147832.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">194</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10973</span> Public Transport Analysis and Introducing of Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) System in Kabul City</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramin%20Mirzada">Ramin Mirzada</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research investigates the valuation of public transport importance in decreasing congestion and in introduction of bus rapid transit in Kabul city. The main concern and main problem of the Kabul city public transport is traffic congestion. When buses and trams are stuck in traffic jams, it is clear that they fall behind from the schedule and this cause lots of problem for Kabul residence. In this research, the main attention has been given to improve current public transport in Kabul city which Public transport has large share almost 50% share among all mode. The main purpose of this research is to improve public transport system, to examine the demand and the supply of public transport in Kabul city, and to improve public transport system by introducing Bus rapid transit (BRT) system in Kabul city. The data which is used in this research is gathered by Transport Ministry, Kabul Municipality and Japan Cooperation Agency in Afghanistan (JICA). Urban transportation modeling system (UTMS) which is also known as traditional four-step modeling is used as the methodology of this research. The outcome of this research shows that by improving public transport which is local bus system mostly congestion problem of Kabul city become solve, and for those lanes which has the high demand and has more congestion, it is needed to introduce bus rapid transit system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transportation" title="transportation">transportation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=planning" title=" planning"> planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20transport" title=" public transport"> public transport</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bus%20rapid%20transit" title=" bus rapid transit"> bus rapid transit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kabul" title=" Kabul"> Kabul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Afghanistan" title=" Afghanistan"> Afghanistan</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57193/public-transport-analysis-and-introducing-of-bus-rapid-transit-brt-system-in-kabul-city" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57193.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">486</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10972</span> Automatic Detection of Traffic Stop Locations Using GPS Data</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Areej%20Salaymeh">Areej Salaymeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Loren%20Schwiebert"> Loren Schwiebert</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stephen%20Remias"> Stephen Remias</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jonathan%20Waddell"> Jonathan Waddell</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Extracting information from new data sources has emerged as a crucial task in many traffic planning processes, such as identifying traffic patterns, route planning, traffic forecasting, and locating infrastructure improvements. Given the advanced technologies used to collect Global Positioning System (GPS) data from dedicated GPS devices, GPS equipped phones, and navigation tools, intelligent data analysis methodologies are necessary to mine this raw data. In this research, an automatic detection framework is proposed to help identify and classify the locations of stopped GPS waypoints into two main categories: signalized intersections or highway congestion. The Delaunay triangulation is used to perform this assessment in the clustering phase. While most of the existing clustering algorithms need assumptions about the data distribution, the effectiveness of the Delaunay triangulation relies on triangulating geographical data points without such assumptions. Our proposed method starts by cleaning noise from the data and normalizing it. Next, the framework will identify stoppage points by calculating the traveled distance. The last step is to use clustering to form groups of waypoints for signalized traffic and highway congestion. Next, a binary classifier was applied to find distinguish highway congestion from signalized stop points. The binary classifier uses the length of the cluster to find congestion. The proposed framework shows high accuracy for identifying the stop positions and congestion points in around 99.2% of trials. We show that it is possible, using limited GPS data, to distinguish with high accuracy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Delaunay%20triangulation" title="Delaunay triangulation">Delaunay triangulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clustering" title=" clustering"> clustering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intelligent%20transportation%20systems" title=" intelligent transportation systems"> intelligent transportation systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GPS%20data" title=" GPS data"> GPS data</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/117174/automatic-detection-of-traffic-stop-locations-using-gps-data" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/117174.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">275</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10971</span> Single Fly Over as a Solution to Congestion of Intersection Junction: Case Study of Jalan Jatingaleh Semarang</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachmat%20Mudiyono">Rachmat Mudiyono</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Sumiati"> Siti Sumiati</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the next few years, traffic will happen most of the time. This was triggered by the growing rate of vehicles againts the road capacity which is not balance. All the time the congestion in the city of Semarang has been occured at peak hours. Congestion also occured in between Teuku Umar and Setia Budi road Jatingaleh because of a plot intersection (Kesatrian intersection, PLN intersection and Jatingaleh intersection) with the Toll Road. Jatingaleh is located in the southern city of Semarang which is a central meeting point between the upper and lower Semarang where the vehicle flows in through a combination of local current and regional traffic, and the flow of vehicles coming in and out from highway. The main cause of the problems that occurred in the area of Jatingaleh is due to the numbers of vehicles movement that occurs at the intersections. With the above issues, it is necessary to analyse the existing conditions and look into some solutions. Before carrying out an analysis of field surveys at peak hours for example morning (06:00 to 08:00 am) and for the afternoon (04:00 to 06:00 pm)should be conducted, then the number of vehicles is counted manually with “short-breakcounting” according to types of vehicles. From the analysis we found that the degree of saturation (DS) is 1.61 between Teuku Umar and Setia Budi road during the morning peak hours and 1.56 during the afternoon peak hours. This means that the capacity of the existing road is no longer able to accommodate the traffic flow. One of the solutions for the congestion that occurs at the intersection of Jatingaleh is to apply the efficiency of the intersection that is not in a plot with a Fly over, Underpass and the combination of Fly Over-Underpass. Base on the flow reduction calculation with 3 comparative modeling it shows that the Fly Over is the most technically efficient to be applied in this research. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20fly%20over" title="single fly over">single fly over</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=congestion" title=" congestion"> congestion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intersection" title=" intersection"> intersection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interchange" title=" interchange"> interchange</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16536/single-fly-over-as-a-solution-to-congestion-of-intersection-junction-case-study-of-jalan-jatingaleh-semarang" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16536.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">392</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10970</span> Comparative Assessment of Bus Rapid Transit System in India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Namrata%20Ghosh">Namrata Ghosh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sapan%20Tiwari"> Sapan Tiwari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Public transport service plays an important role in people's transportation needs in urban areas. Bus Rapid Transit System (BRTS) is a transport service that provides passengers with a quick and efficient mode of transport. It is developed by changing the existing infrastructure, vehicles, route, or by developing a new dedicated corridor for the bus route. This dedicated lanes transport passengers to their destination quickly and efficiently and flexible in meeting demand. However, with rapid urbanization and increasing population density in Indian cities, traffic congestion has become a significant issue. In a few Indian cities, the BRTS concept is implemented to address the issue of traffic congestion that eventually resulted in less road congestion. The research aims to provide a literature review on the overall outlook of the BRTS system and its practical implementation in mass urban transit. First, it reflects a literature review on the concept of the BRTS system in both developed and developing countries. Afterward, comparative analysis of BRTS, hindrances associated with the permanent integrated system, and the need for establishing the Bus Rapid Transit System in Indian cities is demonstrated. The research concludes with some recommendations that could help in improving the loopholes in the existing system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bus%20rapid%20transit%20system%28BRTS%29" title="bus rapid transit system(BRTS)">bus rapid transit system(BRTS)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dedicated%20corridor" title=" dedicated corridor"> dedicated corridor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20transport" title=" public transport"> public transport</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20congestion" title=" traffic congestion"> traffic congestion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111902/comparative-assessment-of-bus-rapid-transit-system-in-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111902.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">285</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10969</span> Using Google Distance Matrix Application Programming Interface to Reveal and Handle Urban Road Congestion Hot Spots: A Case Study from Budapest</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20Baji">Peter Baji</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, a growing body of literature emphasizes the increasingly negative impacts of urban road congestion in the everyday life of citizens. Although there are different responses from the public sector to decrease traffic congestion in urban regions, the most effective public intervention is using congestion charges. Because travel is an economic asset, its consumption can be controlled by extra taxes or prices effectively, but this demand-side intervention is often unpopular. Measuring traffic flows with the help of different methods has a long history in transport sciences, but until recently, there was not enough sufficient data for evaluating road traffic flow patterns on the scale of an entire road system of a larger urban area. European cities (e.g., London, Stockholm, Milan), in which congestion charges have already been introduced, designated a particular zone in their downtown for paying, but it protects only the users and inhabitants of the CBD (Central Business District) area. Through the use of Google Maps data as a resource for revealing urban road traffic flow patterns, this paper aims to provide a solution for a fairer and smarter congestion pricing method in cities. The case study area of the research contains three bordering districts of Budapest which are linked by one main road. The first district (5th) is the original downtown that is affected by the congestion charge plans of the city. The second district (13th) lies in the transition zone, and it has recently been transformed into a new CBD containing the biggest office zone in Budapest. The third district (4th) is a mainly residential type of area on the outskirts of the city. The raw data of the research was collected with the help of Google’s Distance Matrix API (Application Programming Interface) which provides future estimated traffic data via travel times between freely fixed coordinate pairs. From the difference of free flow and congested travel time data, the daily congestion patterns and hot spots are detectable in all measured roads within the area. The results suggest that the distribution of congestion peak times and hot spots are uneven in the examined area; however, there are frequently congested areas which lie outside the downtown and their inhabitants also need some protection. The conclusion of this case study is that cities can develop a real-time and place-based congestion charge system that forces car users to avoid frequently congested roads by changing their routes or travel modes. This would be a fairer solution for decreasing the negative environmental effects of the urban road transportation instead of protecting a very limited downtown area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=congestion%20charge" title=" congestion charge"> congestion charge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distance%20matrix%20API" title=" distance matrix API"> distance matrix API</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=application%20programming%20interface" title=" application programming interface"> application programming interface</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pilot%20study" title=" pilot study"> pilot study</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92007/using-google-distance-matrix-application-programming-interface-to-reveal-and-handle-urban-road-congestion-hot-spots-a-case-study-from-budapest" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92007.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">195</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10968</span> A Decision-Support Tool for Humanitarian Distribution Planners in the Face of Congestion at Security Checkpoints: A Real-World Case Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohanad%20Rezeq">Mohanad Rezeq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tarik%20Aouam"> Tarik Aouam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Frederik%20Gailly"> Frederik Gailly</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In times of armed conflicts, various security checkpoints are placed by authorities to control the flow of merchandise into and within areas of conflict. The flow of humanitarian trucks that is added to the regular flow of commercial trucks, together with the complex security procedures, creates congestion and long waiting times at the security checkpoints. This causes distribution costs to increase and shortages of relief aid to the affected people to occur. Our research proposes a decision-support tool to assist planners and policymakers in building efficient plans for the distribution of relief aid, taking into account congestion at security checkpoints. The proposed tool is built around a multi-item humanitarian distribution planning model based on multi-phase design science methodology that has as its objective to minimize distribution and back ordering costs subject to capacity constraints that reflect congestion effects using nonlinear clearing functions. Using the 2014 Gaza War as a case study, we illustrate the application of the proposed tool, model the underlying relief-aid humanitarian supply chain, estimate clearing functions at different security checkpoints, and conduct computational experiments. The decision support tool generated a shipment plan that was compared to two benchmarks in terms of total distribution cost, average lead time and work in progress (WIP) at security checkpoints, and average inventory and backorders at distribution centers. The first benchmark is the shipment plan generated by the fixed capacity model, and the second is the actual shipment plan implemented by the planners during the armed conflict. According to our findings, modeling and optimizing supply chain flows reduce total distribution costs, average truck wait times at security checkpoints, and average backorders when compared to the executed plan and the fixed-capacity model. Finally, scenario analysis concludes that increasing capacity at security checkpoints can lower total operations costs by reducing the average lead time. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=humanitarian%20distribution%20planning" title="humanitarian distribution planning">humanitarian distribution planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relief-aid%20distribution" title=" relief-aid distribution"> relief-aid distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=congestion" title=" congestion"> congestion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clearing%20functions" title=" clearing functions"> clearing functions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164578/a-decision-support-tool-for-humanitarian-distribution-planners-in-the-face-of-congestion-at-security-checkpoints-a-real-world-case-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164578.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">82</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=congestion%20control&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=congestion%20control&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=congestion%20control&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=congestion%20control&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=congestion%20control&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=congestion%20control&page=7">7</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=congestion%20control&page=8">8</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=congestion%20control&page=9">9</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=congestion%20control&page=10">10</a></li> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">...</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=congestion%20control&page=366">366</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=congestion%20control&page=367">367</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=congestion%20control&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); });*/ jQuery.get({ url: "https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", cache: false }).then(function(response){ jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); }); }); </script> </body> </html>