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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Zurvan</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå till en artikel på ett annat språk. Tillgänglig på 16 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-16" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">16 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9)" title="زورفان (أسطورة) – arabiska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="زورفان (أسطورة)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zurvan" title="Zurvan – tjeckiska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Zurvan" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjeckiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zurvan" title="Zurvan – tyska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zurvan" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zurvan_(God)" title="Zurvan (God) – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Zurvan (God)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zurvan" title="Zurvan – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Zurvan" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%AF)" title="زروان (ایزد) – persiska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زروان (ایزد)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zervan" title="Zervan – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Zervan" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A3%BC%EB%A5%B4%EB%B0%98" title="주르반 – koreanska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="주르반" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zervan" title="Zervan – kurdiska" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zervan" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zurvanas" title="Zurvanas – litauiska" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Zurvanas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BA%E3%83%AB%E3%83%AF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3" title="ズルワーン – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ズルワーン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zurwan" title="Zurwan – polska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zurwan" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zurvan" title="Zurvan – rumänska" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Zurvan" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumänska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Зерван – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Зерван" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zurvan" title="Zurvan – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Zurvan" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zurvan" title="Zurvan – turkiska" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Zurvan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span 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title="Visa senaste ändringarna av sidor som den här sidan länkar till [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Relaterade ändringar</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Specialsidor" title="Lista över alla specialsidor [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Specialsidor</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zurvan&oldid=54027612" title="Permanent länk till den här versionen av sidan"><span>Permanent länk</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zurvan&action=info" title="Mer information om denna sida"><span>Sidinformation</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Citera&page=Zurvan&id=54027612&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information om hur den här artikeln kan användas som referens"><span>Använd som referens</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsv.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FZurvan"><span>Hämta förkortad url</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsv.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FZurvan"><span>Ladda ner QR-kod</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Skriv ut/exportera </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Bok&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Zurvan"><span>Skapa en bok</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Zurvan&action=show-download-screen"><span>Ladda ned som PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zurvan&printable=yes" title="Utskriftsvänlig version av den här sidan [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Utskriftsvänlig version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> På andra projekt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q230478" title="Länk till anslutet databasobjekt [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-objekt</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sidverktyg"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Utseende</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">dölj</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Från Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sv" dir="ltr"><p><b>Zurvan</b> (<a href="/wiki/Persiska" title="Persiska">persiska</a>: زروان <i>Zorvān</i>) är <a href="/wiki/Tid" title="Tid">tidens</a> gud i <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">forniransk</a> <a href="/wiki/Mytologi" title="Mytologi">mytologi</a> och även en <a href="/wiki/Personifikation" title="Personifikation">personifikation</a> av tiden i <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrism" title="Zoroastrism">zoroastrisk</a> <a href="/wiki/Filosofi" title="Filosofi">filosofi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zurvan var särskilt populär i det <a href="/wiki/Sasaniderna" title="Sasaniderna">sasanidiska riket</a> där det skapades en särskild strömning kring guden vid namn <b>zurvanism</b>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historisk_bakgrund">Historisk bakgrund</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zurvan&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Historisk bakgrund" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zurvan&action=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Historisk bakgrund"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Zurvan är en gammaliransk gud och var föremål för <a href="/wiki/Dyrkan" class="mw-redirect" title="Dyrkan">dyrkan</a> under <a href="/wiki/Akemeniderna" title="Akemeniderna">akemenidernas</a> tid och möjligen redan före denna dynasti.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zurvan anses ha varit föremål för stor vördnad bland <a href="/wiki/Mager" title="Mager">magerna</a>, den <a href="/wiki/Medien" title="Medien">mediska</a> prästklassen, som även intresserade sig för <a href="/wiki/Astronomi" title="Astronomi">astronomi</a>. Zurvan var särskilt populär inom <a href="/wiki/%C3%96verklass_(samh%C3%A4llsklass)" title="Överklass (samhällsklass)">överklassen</a> under sasaniderna och förespråkades bland annat av Mihr-Narseh, som verkade som <a href="/wiki/Storvesir" title="Storvesir">storvesir</a> under de tre kungarna <a href="/wiki/Yazdegerd_I" title="Yazdegerd I">Yazdgerd I</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bahram_V" title="Bahram V">Bahram V</a> och <a href="/wiki/Yazdegerd_II" title="Yazdegerd II">Yazdgerd II</a>. Inom prästklassen var Zurvan föremål för filosofisk spekulation.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zurvans_teologi">Zurvans teologi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zurvan&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Zurvans teologi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zurvan&action=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Zurvans teologi"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Zurvan födde såväl det ondas som det godas principer, <a href="/wiki/Ahura_Mazda" title="Ahura Mazda">Ohrmuzd</a> och <a href="/wiki/Ahriman" title="Ahriman">Ahriman</a>. Enligt den brittiska <a href="/wiki/Iranistik" title="Iranistik">iranisten</a> <a href="/wiki/Mary_Boyce" title="Mary Boyce">Mary Boyce</a> betraktades zurvanismen länge som <a href="/wiki/K%C3%A4tteri" title="Kätteri">kätteri</a> inom <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrism" title="Zoroastrism">zoroastrismen</a>, men den upphöjdes till <a href="/wiki/Statsreligion" title="Statsreligion">statsreligion</a> av vissa sasanidiska kungar.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Forskaren Robert C. Zaehner beskriver i sin <i>Zurvan: A Zoroastrian Dilemma</i> zurvanismen som en form av zoroastrism.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>I zurvanismen är <a href="/wiki/Ahura_Mazda" title="Ahura Mazda">Ahura Mazda</a> inte den ende <a href="/wiki/Guds_transcendens" title="Guds transcendens">transcendenta</a> <a href="/wiki/Skapargud" class="mw-redirect" title="Skapargud">skaparguden</a>, utan bara en av två likvärda motsatta gudomliga principer under Zurvans överhöghet. Ahura Mazda skapar den goda existensen medan <a href="/wiki/Angra_Mainyu" class="mw-redirect" title="Angra Mainyu">Angra Mainyu</a> (Ahriman) skapar den onda existensen. Den centrala zurvanistiska <a href="/wiki/Trosuppfattning" title="Trosuppfattning">trosuppfattningen</a> höll Ahura Mazda (<a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_(spr%C3%A5k)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pahlavi (språk)">medelpersiska</a>: Ohrmuzd) och Angra Mainyu för <a href="/wiki/Tvilling" class="mw-redirect" title="Tvilling">tvillingbröder</a>, som hade samexisterat under all tid.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Se_även"><span id="Se_.C3.A4ven"></span>Se även</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zurvan&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitt: Se även" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zurvan&action=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Se även"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zarathustra" title="Zarathustra">Zarathustra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mager" title="Mager">Mager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kronos" title="Kronos">Kronos</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referenser">Referenser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zurvan&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitt: Referenser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zurvan&action=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Referenser"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFNeil2007">Neil, Philip (2007). <i><span>Myths and Legends Explained. The World's Most Enduring Myths and Legends Explored and Expained</span></i>. London: Dorling Kindersley Limited. sid. 21. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/9781405334709" title="Special:Bokkällor/9781405334709">ISBN 9781405334709</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Myths+and+Legends+Explained.+The+World%27s+Most+Enduring+Myths+and+Legends+Explored+and+Expained&rft.aulast=Neil&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft.au=Neil%2C+Philip&rft.date=2007&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B21&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Dorling+Kindersley+Limited&rft.isbn=9781405334709&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Zurvan"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Eudemus of Rhodes, <i>History of Theology</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Richard N. Frye, “Iran under the Sasanians”, <i>The Cambridge History of Iran</i>, vol. III/1, Cambridge, 1983, s. 116–180.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Mary Boyce, Some Reflections on Zurvanism, <i>Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies</i>, vol. 19, 1957, s. 304-316.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Robert, C. Zaehner, <i>Zurvan: A Zoroastrian Dilemma</i>, 1972.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Shaul Shaked, “The Myth of Zurvan: Cosmogony and Eschatology", <i>Messiah and Christos: Studies in the Jewish Origins of Christianity, presented to David Flusser</i>, red. I. Gruenwald, S. Shaked, and G. G. Stroumsa, Tübingen 1992, s. 219-240.</span> </li> </ol></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r56287950">.mw-parser-output table.navbox{border:#aaa 1px solid;width:100%;margin:auto;margin-top:1em;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output link+table.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title button,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title .mw-collapsible-text,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title a{color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks a,.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks .selflink{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;font-weight:bold;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{background:#b0c4de}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background:#d0e0f5}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background:#deeafa}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background:transparent}</style><table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0; ;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";" colspan="3" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:3em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:80%; border:none;; color: inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Mall:Zoroastrism" title="Mall:Zoroastrism"><span title="Visa denna mall" style="border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mall:Zoroastrism&action=edit"><span style="border:none;;" title="Redigera den här mallen">r</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrism" title="Zoroastrism">Zoroastrism</a></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Teologi, filosofi och kosmologi</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Ahura_Mazda" title="Ahura Mazda">Ahura Mazda</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ahriman" title="Ahriman">Ahriman</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ahriman" title="Ahriman">Angra Mainyu</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Daevas" title="Daevas">Daevas</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Fravashi" title="Fravashi">Fravashi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Spenta_Mainyu" title="Spenta Mainyu">Spenta Mainyu</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Yazata" title="Yazata">Yazata</a></div></td><td style="width:0%;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;" rowspan="19"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Faravahar.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Faravahar.svg/220px-Faravahar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Faravahar.svg/330px-Faravahar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Faravahar.svg/440px-Faravahar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Amesha Spenta</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Ameretat" title="Ameretat">Ameretat</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Amesha_Spenta" title="Amesha Spenta">Amesha Spenta</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Armaiti" title="Armaiti">Armaiti</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Asha_(Zoroastrism)" title="Asha (Zoroastrism)">Asha</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Haurvatat" title="Haurvatat">Haurvatat</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kshathra" title="Kshathra">Kshathra</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Vohu_Manah" title="Vohu Manah">Vohu Manah</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Personligheter</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px 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title="Saoshyant">Saoshyant</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Shapur_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Shapur I">Shapur I</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Vishtaspa" title="Vishtaspa">Vishtaspa</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Yima" title="Yima">Yima</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Zarathustra" title="Zarathustra">Zarathustra</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Litteratur</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><i><a href="/wiki/Avesta_(religi%C3%B6s_skrift)" title="Avesta (religiös skrift)">Avesta</a></i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Avestiska" title="Avestiska">Avestiska</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <i><a href="/wiki/Gatha" title="Gatha">Gatha</a></i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Pahlavilitteraturen" title="Pahlavilitteraturen">Pahlavilitteraturen</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <i><a href="/wiki/Shahnameh" title="Shahnameh">Shahnameh</a></i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <i><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A5_talade_Zarathustra" title="Så talade Zarathustra">Så talade Zarathustra</a></i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <i><a href="/wiki/Vendidad" title="Vendidad">Vendidad</a></i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <i><a href="/wiki/Yasna" title="Yasna">Yasna</a></i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <i><a href="/wiki/Yasht" title="Yasht">Yasht'erna</a></i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <i><a href="/wiki/Yasna_Haptanghaiti" title="Yasna Haptanghaiti">Yasna Haptanghaiti</a></i></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Ritualer</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Haoma" title="Haoma">Haoma</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kushti" title="Kushti">Kushti</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Mantra" title="Mantra">Mantra</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Navjote" title="Navjote">Navjote</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Tystnadens_torn" title="Tystnadens torn">Tystnadens torn</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Yasna" title="Yasna">Yasna</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Folkreligion och mytologi</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Asmodeus" title="Asmodeus">Aeshema</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Anahita" title="Anahita">Anahita</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Atar" title="Atar">Atar</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Farvahar" title="Farvahar">Farvahar</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Mithra" title="Mithra">Mithra</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Persisk_mytologi" title="Persisk mytologi">Persisk mytologi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Simurgh" title="Simurgh">Simurgh</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Vayu" title="Vayu">Vayu</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Zahhak" title="Zahhak">Zahhak</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Zurvan</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Historia och geografi</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Takht-e_Soleyman" title="Takht-e Soleyman">Adur Gushnasp</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Akemenider" class="mw-redirect" title="Akemenider">Akemenider</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Airyanem_Vaejah" title="Airyanem Vaejah">Airyanem Vaejah</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Chak_chak" title="Chak chak">Chak chak</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Cypressen_i_Abarkuh" title="Cypressen i Abarkuh">Cypressen i Abarkuh</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Cypressen_i_Kashmar" title="Cypressen i Kashmar">Cypressen i Kashmar</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Demavend" title="Demavend">Demavend</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Elburz" title="Elburz">Elburz</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Gundishapurakademin" title="Gundishapurakademin">Gundishapurakademin</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kartir" title="Kartir">Kartir</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Mager" title="Mager">Mager</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Mazdakism" title="Mazdakism">Mazdakism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Mobed" title="Mobed">Mobed</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Navsari" title="Navsari">Navsari</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Parsism" title="Parsism">Parsism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Parther" class="mw-redirect" title="Parther">Parther</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Persiska_riket" title="Persiska riket">Persiska riket</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Sasanider" class="mw-redirect" title="Sasanider">Sasanider</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Tansar" title="Tansar">Tansar</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Vorukasha" title="Vorukasha">Vorukasha</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Yazd_Atash_Behram" title="Yazd Atash Behram">Yazd Atash Behram</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Högtider</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Mehregan" title="Mehregan">Mehregan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Nouruz" title="Nouruz">Nouruz</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Persiska_kalendern" title="Persiska kalendern">Persiska kalendern</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Shab-e_Yalda" title="Shab-e Yalda">Shab-e Yalda</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Tirgan" title="Tirgan">Tirgan</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Forskare och kännare<br /> av zoroastrismen</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Carl_Andreas" title="Friedrich Carl Andreas">Friedrich Carl Andreas</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Hyacinthe_Anquetil-Duperron" title="Abraham Hyacinthe Anquetil-Duperron">Abraham Hyacinthe Anquetil-Duperron</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Mary_Boyce" title="Mary Boyce">Mary Boyce</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Christensen" title="Arthur Christensen">Arthur Christensen</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Franz_Cumont" title="Franz Cumont">Franz Cumont</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ashk_Dahl%C3%A9n" title="Ashk Dahlén">Ashk Dahlén</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Duchesne-Guillemin" title="Jacques Duchesne-Guillemin">Jacques Duchesne-Guillemin</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Sven_S._Hartman" title="Sven S. Hartman">Sven S. Hartman</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Anders_Hultg%C3%A5rd" title="Anders Hultgård">Anders Hultgård</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Williams_Jackson" title="Williams Jackson">Williams Jackson</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Edvard_Lehmann_(religionshistoriker)" title="Edvard Lehmann (religionshistoriker)">Edvard Lehmann</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Meillet" title="Antoine Meillet">Antoine Meillet</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/H.S._Nyberg" title="H.S. Nyberg">H.S. 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