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site</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><main id="page-content"><div id="site-toc--side" class="site-toc"><header class="site-toc__title">Contents</header><ul class="section-nav"><li class="toc-entry nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#declaring-simple-enums">Declaring simple enums</a></li><li class="toc-entry nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#declaring-enhanced-enums">Declaring enhanced enums</a></li><li class="toc-entry nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#using-enums">Using enums</a></li></ul></div><article><div class="content"><nav id="subnav"><ul><li class="previous"><a href="/language/mixins">⟨ Mixins</a></li><li class="next"><a href="/language/extension-methods">Extension methods ⟩</a></li></ul></nav><div id="site-content-title"><h1>Enumerated types</h1></div><div id="site-toc--inline" class="site-toc"><header class="site-toc__title">Contents</header><ul class="section-nav"><li class="toc-entry"><a href="#declaring-simple-enums">Declaring simple enums</a></li><li class="toc-entry"><a href="#declaring-enhanced-enums">Declaring enhanced enums</a></li><li class="toc-entry"><a href="#using-enums">Using enums</a></li></ul></div><p>Enumerated types, often called <em>enumerations</em> or <em>enums</em>, are a special kind of class used to represent a fixed number of constant values.</p><aside class="alert alert-info"><div class="alert-header"><i class="material-symbols" aria-hidden="true">info</i> <span>Note</span></div><div class="alert-content"><p>All enums automatically extend the <a href="https://api.dart.dev/dart-core/Enum-class.html"><code>Enum</code></a> class. They are also sealed, meaning they cannot be subclassed, implemented, mixed in, or otherwise explicitly instantiated.</p><p>Abstract classes and mixins can explicitly implement or extend <code>Enum</code>, but unless they are then implemented by or mixed into an enum declaration, no objects can actually implement the type of that class or mixin.</p></div></aside><div class="header-wrapper"><h2 id="declaring-simple-enums">Declaring simple enums</h2><a class="heading-link" href="#declaring-simple-enums" aria-label="Link to 'Declaring simple enums' section">#</a></div><p>To declare a simple enumerated type, use the <code>enum</code> keyword and list the values you want to be enumerated:</p> <?code-excerpt "misc/lib/language_tour/classes/enum.dart (enum)"?> <div class="code-block-wrapper language-dart"><div class="code-block-body"><span class="code-block-language" title="Language dart">dart</span><pre class="shiki dash-light" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D43324">enum</span><span style="color:#0468D7"> Color</span><span style="color:#222222"> { red, green, blue }</span></span></code></pre></div></div><aside class="alert alert-success"><div class="alert-header"><i class="material-symbols" aria-hidden="true">lightbulb</i> <span>Tip</span></div><div class="alert-content"><p>You can also use <a href="/language/collections#lists">trailing commas</a> when declaring an enumerated type to help prevent copy-paste errors.</p></div></aside><div class="header-wrapper"><h2 id="declaring-enhanced-enums">Declaring enhanced enums</h2><a class="heading-link" href="#declaring-enhanced-enums" aria-label="Link to 'Declaring enhanced enums' section">#</a></div><p>Dart also allows enum declarations to declare classes with fields, methods, and const constructors which are limited to a fixed number of known constant instances.</p><p>To declare an enhanced enum, follow a syntax similar to normal <a href="/language/classes">classes</a>, but with a few extra requirements:</p><ul><li>Instance variables must be <code>final</code>, including those added by <a href="/language/mixins">mixins</a>.</li><li>All <a href="/language/constructors#constant-constructors">generative constructors</a> must be constant.</li><li><a href="/language/constructors#factory-constructors">Factory constructors</a> can only return one of the fixed, known enum instances.</li><li>No other class can be extended as <a href="https://api.dart.dev/dart-core/Enum-class.html"><code>Enum</code></a> is automatically extended.</li><li>There cannot be overrides for <code>index</code>, <code>hashCode</code>, the equality operator <code>==</code>.</li><li>A member named <code>values</code> cannot be declared in an enum, as it would conflict with the automatically generated static <code>values</code> getter.</li><li>All instances of the enum must be declared in the beginning of the declaration, and there must be at least one instance declared.</li></ul><p>Instance methods in an enhanced enum can use <code>this</code> to reference the current enum value.</p><p>Here is an example that declares an enhanced enum with multiple instances, instance variables, getters, and an implemented interface:</p> <?code-excerpt "misc/lib/language_tour/classes/enum.dart (enhanced)"?> <div class="code-block-wrapper language-dart"><div class="code-block-body"><span class="code-block-language" title="Language dart">dart</span><pre class="shiki dash-light" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D43324">enum</span><span style="color:#0468D7"> Vehicle</span><span style="color:#D43324"> implements</span><span style="color:#0468D7"> Comparable</span><span style="color:#222222"><</span><span style="color:#0468D7">Vehicle</span><span style="color:#222222">> {</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#6200EE"> car</span><span style="color:#222222">(tires: </span><span style="color:#11796D">4</span><span style="color:#222222">, passengers: </span><span style="color:#11796D">5</span><span style="color:#222222">, carbonPerKilometer: </span><span style="color:#11796D">400</span><span style="color:#222222">),</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#6200EE"> bus</span><span style="color:#222222">(tires: </span><span style="color:#11796D">6</span><span style="color:#222222">, passengers: </span><span style="color:#11796D">50</span><span style="color:#222222">, carbonPerKilometer: </span><span style="color:#11796D">800</span><span style="color:#222222">),</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#6200EE"> bicycle</span><span style="color:#222222">(tires: </span><span style="color:#11796D">2</span><span style="color:#222222">, passengers: </span><span style="color:#11796D">1</span><span style="color:#222222">, carbonPerKilometer: </span><span style="color:#11796D">0</span><span style="color:#222222">);</span></span> <span class="line"></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#D43324"> const</span><span style="color:#0468D7"> Vehicle</span><span style="color:#222222">({</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#D43324"> required</span><span style="color:#D43324"> this</span><span style="color:#222222">.tires,</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#D43324"> required</span><span style="color:#D43324"> this</span><span style="color:#222222">.passengers,</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#D43324"> required</span><span style="color:#D43324"> this</span><span style="color:#222222">.carbonPerKilometer,</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> });</span></span> <span class="line"></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#D43324"> final</span><span style="color:#0468D7"> int</span><span style="color:#222222"> tires;</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#D43324"> final</span><span style="color:#0468D7"> int</span><span style="color:#222222"> passengers;</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#D43324"> final</span><span style="color:#0468D7"> int</span><span style="color:#222222"> carbonPerKilometer;</span></span> <span class="line"></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#0468D7"> int</span><span style="color:#D43324"> get</span><span style="color:#222222"> carbonFootprint => (carbonPerKilometer / passengers).</span><span style="color:#6200EE">round</span><span style="color:#222222">();</span></span> <span class="line"></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#0468D7"> bool</span><span style="color:#D43324"> get</span><span style="color:#222222"> isTwoWheeled => </span><span style="color:#D43324">this</span><span style="color:#222222"> == </span><span style="color:#0468D7">Vehicle</span><span style="color:#222222">.bicycle;</span></span> <span class="line"></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#D43324"> @override</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#0468D7"> int</span><span style="color:#6200EE"> compareTo</span><span style="color:#222222">(</span><span style="color:#0468D7">Vehicle</span><span style="color:#222222"> other) => carbonFootprint - other.carbonFootprint;</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">}</span></span></code></pre></div></div><aside class="alert alert-info"><div class="alert-header"><i class="material-symbols" aria-hidden="true">merge_type</i> <span>Version note</span></div><div class="alert-content"><p>Enhanced enums require a <a href="/guides/language/evolution#language-versioning">language version</a> of at least 2.17.</p></div></aside><div class="header-wrapper"><h2 id="using-enums">Using enums</h2><a class="heading-link" href="#using-enums" aria-label="Link to 'Using enums' section">#</a></div><p>Access the enumerated values like any other <a href="/language/classes#class-variables-and-methods">static variable</a>:</p> <?code-excerpt "misc/lib/language_tour/classes/enum.dart (access)"?> <div class="code-block-wrapper language-dart"><div class="code-block-body"><span class="code-block-language" title="Language dart">dart</span><pre class="shiki dash-light" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D43324">final</span><span style="color:#222222"> favoriteColor = </span><span style="color:#0468D7">Color</span><span style="color:#222222">.blue;</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#D43324">if</span><span style="color:#222222"> (favoriteColor == </span><span style="color:#0468D7">Color</span><span style="color:#222222">.blue) {</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#6200EE"> print</span><span style="color:#222222">(</span><span style="color:#11796D">'Your favorite color is blue!'</span><span style="color:#222222">);</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">}</span></span></code></pre></div></div><p>Each value in an enum has an <code>index</code> getter, which returns the zero-based position of the value in the enum declaration. For example, the first value has index 0, and the second value has index 1.</p> <?code-excerpt "misc/lib/language_tour/classes/enum.dart (index)"?> <div class="code-block-wrapper language-dart"><div class="code-block-body"><span class="code-block-language" title="Language dart">dart</span><pre class="shiki dash-light" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D43324">assert</span><span style="color:#222222">(</span><span style="color:#0468D7">Color</span><span style="color:#222222">.red.index == </span><span style="color:#11796D">0</span><span style="color:#222222">);</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#D43324">assert</span><span style="color:#222222">(</span><span style="color:#0468D7">Color</span><span style="color:#222222">.green.index == </span><span style="color:#11796D">1</span><span style="color:#222222">);</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#D43324">assert</span><span style="color:#222222">(</span><span style="color:#0468D7">Color</span><span style="color:#222222">.blue.index == </span><span style="color:#11796D">2</span><span style="color:#222222">);</span></span></code></pre></div></div><p>To get a list of all the enumerated values, use the enum's <code>values</code> constant.</p> <?code-excerpt "misc/lib/language_tour/classes/enum.dart (values)"?> <div class="code-block-wrapper language-dart"><div class="code-block-body"><span class="code-block-language" title="Language dart">dart</span><pre class="shiki dash-light" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#0468D7">List</span><span style="color:#222222"><</span><span style="color:#0468D7">Color</span><span style="color:#222222">> colors = </span><span style="color:#0468D7">Color</span><span style="color:#222222">.values;</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#D43324">assert</span><span style="color:#222222">(colors[</span><span style="color:#11796D">2</span><span style="color:#222222">] == </span><span style="color:#0468D7">Color</span><span style="color:#222222">.blue);</span></span></code></pre></div></div><p>You can use enums in <a href="/language/branches#switch">switch statements</a>, and you'll get a warning if you don't handle all of the enum's values:</p> <?code-excerpt "misc/lib/language_tour/classes/enum.dart (switch)"?> <div class="code-block-wrapper language-dart"><div class="code-block-body"><span class="code-block-language" title="Language dart">dart</span><pre class="shiki dash-light" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D43324">var</span><span style="color:#222222"> aColor = </span><span style="color:#0468D7">Color</span><span style="color:#222222">.blue;</span></span> <span class="line"></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#D43324">switch</span><span style="color:#222222"> (aColor) {</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#D43324"> case</span><span style="color:#0468D7"> Color</span><span style="color:#222222">.red:</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#6200EE"> print</span><span style="color:#222222">(</span><span style="color:#11796D">'Red as roses!'</span><span style="color:#222222">);</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#D43324"> case</span><span style="color:#0468D7"> Color</span><span style="color:#222222">.green:</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#6200EE"> print</span><span style="color:#222222">(</span><span style="color:#11796D">'Green as grass!'</span><span style="color:#222222">);</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#D43324"> default</span><span style="color:#222222">: </span><span style="color:#6E6E70">// Without this, you see a WARNING.</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#6200EE"> print</span><span style="color:#222222">(aColor); </span><span style="color:#6E6E70">// 'Color.blue'</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">}</span></span></code></pre></div></div><p>If you need to access the name of an enumerated value, such as <code>'blue'</code> from <code>Color.blue</code>, use the <code>.name</code> property:</p> <?code-excerpt "misc/lib/language_tour/classes/enum.dart (name)"?> <div class="code-block-wrapper language-dart"><div class="code-block-body"><span class="code-block-language" title="Language dart">dart</span><pre class="shiki dash-light" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6200EE">print</span><span style="color:#222222">(</span><span style="color:#0468D7">Color</span><span style="color:#222222">.blue.name); </span><span style="color:#6E6E70">// 'blue'</span></span></code></pre></div></div><p>You can access a member of an enum value like you would on a normal object:</p> <?code-excerpt "misc/lib/language_tour/classes/enum.dart (method-call)"?> <div class="code-block-wrapper language-dart"><div class="code-block-body"><span class="code-block-language" title="Language dart">dart</span><pre class="shiki dash-light" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6200EE">print</span><span style="color:#222222">(</span><span style="color:#0468D7">Vehicle</span><span style="color:#222222">.car.carbonFootprint);</span></span></code></pre></div></div><nav id="subnav"><ul><li class="previous"><a href="/language/mixins">⟨ Mixins</a></li><li class="next"><a href="/language/extension-methods">Extension methods ⟩</a></li></ul></nav><p id="page-github-links"><span>Unless stated otherwise, the documentation on this site reflects Dart 3.5.4. 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