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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Types_of_exhibitions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types_of_exhibitions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Types of exhibitions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Types_of_exhibitions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Preservation_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Preservation_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Preservation issues</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Preservation_issues-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Preservation issues subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Preservation_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Environmental_concerns_of_the_exhibition_space" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environmental_concerns_of_the_exhibition_space"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Environmental concerns of the exhibition space</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environmental_concerns_of_the_exhibition_space-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Length_of_the_exhibition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Length_of_the_exhibition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Length of the exhibition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Length_of_the_exhibition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Individual_cases" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Individual_cases"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Individual cases</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Individual_cases-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Display_methods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Display_methods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Display methods</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Display_methods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Security" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Security"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Security</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Security-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" 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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Art exhibition</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 22 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%B6_%D9%81%D9%86%D9%8A" title="معرض فني – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="معرض فني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Художествена изложба – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Художествена изложба" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%92%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%A9%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%9F%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8D" title="སྒྱུ་རྩལ་གྱི་འགྲེམས་སྟོན། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="སྒྱུ་རྩལ་གྱི་འགྲེམས་སྟོན།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exposici%C3%B3_d%27art" title="Exposició d'art – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Exposició d'art" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunstausstellung" title="Kunstausstellung – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kunstausstellung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunstin%C3%A4itus" title="Kunstinäitus – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kunstinäitus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exposici%C3%B3n_de_arte" title="Exposición de arte – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Exposición de arte" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arte_erakusketa" title="Arte erakusketa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Arte erakusketa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B4%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="نمایشگاه هنری – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نمایشگاه هنری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exposition_artistique" title="Exposition artistique – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Exposition artistique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D6%81%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%81%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Գեղարվեստական ցուցահանդեսներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գեղարվեստական ցուցահանդեսներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pameran_seni" title="Pameran seni – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pameran seni" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E8%A1%93%E5%B1%95%E8%A6%A7%E4%BC%9A" title="美術展覧会 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="美術展覧会" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wystawiennictwo" title="Wystawiennictwo – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wystawiennictwo" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exposi%C3%A7%C3%A3o_art%C3%ADstica" title="Exposição artística – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Exposição artística" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expozi%C8%9Bie_de_art%C4%83" title="Expoziție de artă – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Expoziție de artă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_exhibition" title="Art exhibition – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Art exhibition" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiden%C3%A4yttely" title="Taidenäyttely – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Taidenäyttely" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanat_sergisi" title="Sanat sergisi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sanat sergisi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tri%E1%BB%83n_l%C3%A3m_ngh%E1%BB%87_thu%E1%BA%ADt" title="Triển lãm nghệ thuật – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Triển lãm nghệ thuật" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" 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class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/98/This_Year_Venuses_Again_%28Daumier%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="241" height="281" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="241" data-file-height="281" /></a><figcaption><i>This Year Venuses Again!</i>, 1864. <a href="/wiki/Honor%C3%A9_Daumier" title="Honoré Daumier">Honoré Daumier</a> satirizes the <i><a href="/wiki/Bourgeoisie" title="Bourgeoisie">bourgeoisie</a></i> scandalized by the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Salon" class="mw-redirect" title="Paris Salon">Paris Salon</a>'s Venuses.</figcaption></figure> <p>An <b>art exhibition</b> is traditionally the space in which <a href="/wiki/Art_objects" class="mw-redirect" title="Art objects">art objects</a> (in the most general sense) meet an <a href="/wiki/Audience" title="Audience">audience</a>. The exhibit is universally understood to be for some temporary period unless, as is occasionally true, it is stated to be a "permanent exhibition". In <a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_American_and_British_English" title="Comparison of American and British English">American English</a>, they may be called "exhibit", "exposition" (the French word) or "show". In UK English, they are always called "exhibitions" or "shows", and an individual item in the show is an "exhibit". </p><p>Such expositions may present <a href="/wiki/Picture" class="mw-redirect" title="Picture">pictures</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drawing" title="Drawing">drawings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Video_art" title="Video art">video</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sound_art" title="Sound art">sound</a>, <a href="/wiki/Installation_art" title="Installation art">installation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Performance_art" title="Performance art">performance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interactive_art" title="Interactive art">interactive art</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_media_art" title="New media art">new media art</a> or <a href="/wiki/Sculpture" title="Sculpture">sculptures</a> by individual artists, groups of artists or collections of a specific form of <a href="/wiki/Art" title="Art">art</a>. </p><p>The art works may be presented in <a href="/wiki/Museum" title="Museum">museums</a>, art halls, art clubs or private <a href="/wiki/Art_gallery" title="Art gallery">art galleries</a>, or at some place the principal business of which is not the display or sale of art, such as a <a href="/wiki/Coffeehouse" title="Coffeehouse">coffeehouse</a>. An important distinction is noted between those exhibits where some or all of the works are for sale, normally in private art galleries, and those where they are not. Sometimes the event is organized on a specific occasion, like a birthday, anniversary or commemoration. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types_of_exhibitions">Types of exhibitions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_exhibition&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Types of exhibitions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Empty_exhibit_space.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Empty_exhibit_space.jpg/220px-Empty_exhibit_space.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Empty_exhibit_space.jpg/330px-Empty_exhibit_space.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Empty_exhibit_space.jpg/440px-Empty_exhibit_space.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Exhibition space being readied for a show at the <a href="/wiki/Arthur_M._Sackler_Gallery" title="Arthur M. Sackler Gallery">Arthur M. Sackler Gallery</a></figcaption></figure> <p>There are different kinds of art exhibitions,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in particular there is a distinction between commercial and non-commercial exhibitions. A commercial <a href="/wiki/Exhibition" title="Exhibition">exhibition</a> or <a href="/wiki/Trade_fair" class="mw-redirect" title="Trade fair">trade fair</a> is often referred to as an <b>art fair</b> that shows the work of artists or art dealers where participants generally have to pay a fee. A <a href="/wiki/Vanity_gallery" title="Vanity gallery">vanity gallery</a> is an exhibition space of works in a gallery that charges the artist for use of the space. Temporary museum exhibitions typically display items from the museum's own collection on a particular period, theme or topic, supplemented by loans from other collections, mostly those of other museums. They normally include no items for sale; they are distinguished from the museum's permanent displays, and most large museums set aside a space for temporary exhibitions. </p><p>Exhibitions in commercial galleries are often entirely made up of items that are for sale, but may be supplemented by other items that are not. Typically, the visitor has to pay (extra on top of the basic museum entrance cost) to enter a museum exhibition, but not a commercial one in a gallery. <a href="/wiki/Retrospective" title="Retrospective">Retrospectives</a> look back over the work of a single artist; other common types are <a href="/wiki/Solo_show_(art_exhibition)" class="mw-redirect" title="Solo show (art exhibition)">individual exhibitions or "solo shows"</a>, and group exhibitions or "group shows"). The <a href="/wiki/Biennale" title="Biennale">Biennale</a> is a large exhibition held every two years, often intending to gather together the best of international art; there are now many of these. A <a href="/wiki/Travelling_exhibition" title="Travelling exhibition">travelling exhibition</a> is an exhibition seen at several venues, sometimes across the world. </p><p>Exhibitions of new or recent art can be juried, invitational, or open. </p> <ul><li>A <a href="/wiki/Juried_(competition)" class="mw-redirect" title="Juried (competition)">juried</a> exhibition, such as the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Academy_Summer_Exhibition" title="Royal Academy Summer Exhibition">Royal Academy Summer Exhibition</a> in London, or the <a href="/wiki/Iowa_Biennial" title="Iowa Biennial">Iowa Biennial</a>, has an individual (or group) acting as judge of the submitted artworks, selecting which are to be shown. If prizes are to be awarded, the judge or panel of judges will usually select the prizewinners as well.</li> <li>In an invitational exhibition, such as the <a href="/wiki/Whitney_Biennial" title="Whitney Biennial">Whitney Biennial</a>, the organizer of the show asks certain artists to supply artworks and exhibits them.</li> <li>An open or "non-juried" exhibition, such as the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kyoto_Triennial&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kyoto Triennial (page does not exist)">Kyoto Triennial</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> allows anybody to enter artworks and shows them all. A type of exhibition that is usually non-juried is a <a href="/wiki/Mail_art" title="Mail art">mail art</a> exhibition.</li></ul> <ul><li>A pop-up art exhibition<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a temporary showcase of artwork that takes place in unconventional or unexpected locations. It offers a unique and immersive art experience outside of traditional gallery settings, often appearing spontaneously and capturing the attention of diverse audiences.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_exhibition&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Salon_du_Louvre_1787.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Salon_du_Louvre_1787.jpg/220px-Salon_du_Louvre_1787.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Salon_du_Louvre_1787.jpg/330px-Salon_du_Louvre_1787.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Salon_du_Louvre_1787.jpg/440px-Salon_du_Louvre_1787.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3275" data-file-height="2188" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Salon_(Paris)" title="Salon (Paris)">Paris Salon</a> of 1787, held at the <a href="/wiki/Louvre" title="Louvre">Louvre</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sloan_cubism.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Sloan_cubism.jpg/220px-Sloan_cubism.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Sloan_cubism.jpg/330px-Sloan_cubism.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Sloan_cubism.jpg/440px-Sloan_cubism.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1042" data-file-height="1306" /></a><figcaption>"A Slight Attack of Third Dimentia Brought on by Excessive Study of the Much Talked of Cubist Pictures in the International Exhibition at New York", drawn by <a href="/wiki/John_French_Sloan" class="mw-redirect" title="John French Sloan">John French Sloan</a> in April 1913, satirizing the <a href="/wiki/Armory_Show" title="Armory Show">Armory Show</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The art exhibition has played a crucial part in the market for new art since the 18th and 19th centuries. The <a href="/wiki/Paris_Salon" class="mw-redirect" title="Paris Salon">Paris Salon</a>, open to the public from 1737, rapidly became the key factor in determining the reputation, and so the price, of the French artists of the day. The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Academy" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Academy">Royal Academy</a> in London, beginning in 1769, soon established a similar grip on the market, and in both countries artists put great efforts into making pictures that would be a success, often changing the direction of their style to meet popular or critical taste. The <a href="/wiki/British_Institution" title="British Institution">British Institution</a> was added to the London scene in 1805, holding two annual exhibitions, one of new British art for sale, and one of loans from the collections of its aristocratic patrons. These exhibitions received lengthy and detailed reviews in the press, which were the main vehicle for the <a href="/wiki/Art_criticism" title="Art criticism">art criticism</a> of the day. Critics as distinguished as <a href="/wiki/Denis_Diderot" title="Denis Diderot">Denis Diderot</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Ruskin" title="John Ruskin">John Ruskin</a> held their readers attention by sharply divergent reviews of different works, praising some extravagantly and giving others the most savage put-downs they could think of. Many of the works were already sold, but success at these exhibitions was a crucial way for an artist to attract more commissions. Among important early one-off loan exhibitions of older paintings were the <a href="/wiki/Art_Treasures_Exhibition,_Manchester_1857" title="Art Treasures Exhibition, Manchester 1857">Art Treasures Exhibition, Manchester 1857</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Exhibition_of_National_Portraits" title="Exhibition of National Portraits">Exhibition of National Portraits</a> in London, at what is now the <a href="/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum" title="Victoria and Albert Museum">Victoria and Albert Museum</a>, held in three stages in 1866–1868. </p><p>As the <a href="/wiki/Academic_art" title="Academic art">academic art</a> promoted by the Paris Salon, always more rigid than London, was felt to be stifling French art, alternative exhibitions, now generally known as the <a href="/wiki/Salon_des_Refus%C3%A9s" title="Salon des Refusés">Salon des Refusés</a> ("Salon of the Refused") were held, most famously in 1863, when the government allowed them an annex to the main exhibition for a show that included <a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Manet" title="Édouard Manet">Édouard Manet</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Luncheon_on_the_Grass" class="mw-redirect" title="The Luncheon on the Grass"><i>Luncheon on the Grass</i> <i>(Le déjeuner sur l'herbe)</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/James_McNeill_Whistler" title="James McNeill Whistler">James McNeill Whistler's</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Whistler.white.393pix.jpg" title="File:Whistler.white.393pix.jpg"><i>Girl in White</i></a>. This began a period where exhibitions, often one-off shows, were crucial in exposing the public to new developments in art, and eventually <a href="/wiki/Modern_art" title="Modern art">Modern art</a>. Important shows of this type were the <a href="/wiki/Armory_Show" title="Armory Show">Armory Show</a> in New York City in 1913 and the <a href="/wiki/London_International_Surrealist_Exhibition" title="London International Surrealist Exhibition">London International Surrealist Exhibition</a> in 1936. </p><p>Museums started holding large loan exhibitions of historic art in the late 19th century, as also did the Royal Academy, but the modern "blockbuster" museum exhibition, with long queues and a large illustrated catalogue, is generally agreed to have been introduced by the <a href="/wiki/Exhibitions_of_artifacts_from_the_tomb_of_Tutankhamun" title="Exhibitions of artifacts from the tomb of Tutankhamun">exhibitions of artifacts from the tomb of Tutankhamun</a> held in several cities in the 1970s. Many exhibitions, especially in the days before good photographs were available, are important in stimulating research in <a href="/wiki/Art_history" title="Art history">art history</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Exposition_des_primitifs_flamands_%C3%A0_Bruges" title="Exposition des primitifs flamands à Bruges">exhibition held in Bruges in 1902</a> (poster illustrated below) had a crucial impact on the study of <a href="/wiki/Early_Netherlandish_painting" title="Early Netherlandish painting">Early Netherlandish painting</a>. </p><p>In 1968, Art fairs in Europe became quite the fashion with the advent of the Cologne Art Fair<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was sponsored by the Cologne Art Dealers Association. Because of the high admission standards of the Cologne fair a rival fair was organized in Düsseldorf which enabled less regarded galleries opportunity to meet with an international public. The fairs took place during the fall months. This rivalry continued for a few years which provided the Basel Art Fair the opportunity to interject the Basel fair in early summer. These fairs became extremely important to galleries, dealers and publishers as they provided the possibility of worldwide distribution. Düsseldorf and Cologne merged their efforts. Basel soon became the most important art fair. </p><p>In 1976, the Felluss Gallery under the direction of Elias Felluss, in Washington DC organized the first American dealer art fair. "The Washington International Art Fair" or "Wash Art" for brevity. This American fair met with fierce opposition by those galleries interested in maintaining distribution channels for European artwork already in place. The Washington fair introduced the European idea of dealer fairs to art dealers throughout the United States. Following the advent of Wash Art, many fairs developed throughout the United States. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Preservation_issues">Preservation issues</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_exhibition&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Preservation issues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Preservation_(library_and_archival_science)" class="mw-redirect" title="Preservation (library and archival science)">Preservation (library and archival science)</a></div> <p>Although preservation issues are often disregarded in favor of other priorities during the exhibition process, they should certainly be considered so that possible damage to the <a href="/wiki/Collection_(museum)" title="Collection (museum)">collection</a> is minimized or limited. As all objects in the library exhibition are unique and to some extent vulnerable, it is essential that they be displayed with care. Not all materials are able withstand the hardships of display, and therefore each piece needs to be assessed carefully to determine its ability to withstand the rigors of an exhibition. In particular, when exhibited items are <a href="/wiki/Archive" title="Archive">archival artifacts</a> or paper-based objects, preservation considerations need be emphasized because damage and change in such materials is cumulative and irreversible.<sup id="cite_ref-plam3_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-plam3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two trusted sources – the National Information Standard Organization's<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Environmental Conditions for Exhibiting Library and Archival Materials,</i> and the <a href="/wiki/British_Library" title="British Library">British Library's</a> <i>Guidance for Exhibiting Library and Archive Materials</i> – have established indispensable criteria to help curtail the deleterious effects of exhibitions on library and archival materials. These criteria may be divided into five main preservation categories: Environmental concerns of the exhibition space; Length of the exhibition; Individual cases; Display methods used on individual objects; and Security. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Environmental_concerns_of_the_exhibition_space">Environmental concerns of the exhibition space</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_exhibition&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Environmental concerns of the exhibition space"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerycaption">Preparation for <i><a href="/wiki/Richard_Prince" title="Richard Prince">Richard Prince</a>, American Prayer</i> exhibition at the <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">Bibliothèque nationale de France</a></span></span>, <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Exposition_Richard_Prince,_American_Prayer_-_montage_23.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1 February 2011"><img alt="1 February 2011" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Exposition_Richard_Prince%2C_American_Prayer_-_montage_23.jpg/270px-Exposition_Richard_Prince%2C_American_Prayer_-_montage_23.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Exposition_Richard_Prince%2C_American_Prayer_-_montage_23.jpg/405px-Exposition_Richard_Prince%2C_American_Prayer_-_montage_23.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Exposition_Richard_Prince%2C_American_Prayer_-_montage_23.jpg/540px-Exposition_Richard_Prince%2C_American_Prayer_-_montage_23.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4368" data-file-height="2912" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1 February 2011</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Exposition_Richard_Prince,_American_Prayer_-_montage_25.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="25 February 2011"><img alt="25 February 2011" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Exposition_Richard_Prince%2C_American_Prayer_-_montage_25.jpg/270px-Exposition_Richard_Prince%2C_American_Prayer_-_montage_25.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Exposition_Richard_Prince%2C_American_Prayer_-_montage_25.jpg/405px-Exposition_Richard_Prince%2C_American_Prayer_-_montage_25.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Exposition_Richard_Prince%2C_American_Prayer_-_montage_25.jpg/540px-Exposition_Richard_Prince%2C_American_Prayer_-_montage_25.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4368" data-file-height="2912" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">25 February 2011</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Exposition_Richard_Prince,_American_Prayer_-_montage_28.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="25 February 2011"><img alt="25 February 2011" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Exposition_Richard_Prince%2C_American_Prayer_-_montage_28.jpg/270px-Exposition_Richard_Prince%2C_American_Prayer_-_montage_28.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Exposition_Richard_Prince%2C_American_Prayer_-_montage_28.jpg/405px-Exposition_Richard_Prince%2C_American_Prayer_-_montage_28.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Exposition_Richard_Prince%2C_American_Prayer_-_montage_28.jpg/540px-Exposition_Richard_Prince%2C_American_Prayer_-_montage_28.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4368" data-file-height="2912" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">25 February 2011</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Exposition_Richard_Prince,_American_Prayer_-_montage_33.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="8 March 2011"><img alt="8 March 2011" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Exposition_Richard_Prince%2C_American_Prayer_-_montage_33.jpg/270px-Exposition_Richard_Prince%2C_American_Prayer_-_montage_33.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Exposition_Richard_Prince%2C_American_Prayer_-_montage_33.jpg/405px-Exposition_Richard_Prince%2C_American_Prayer_-_montage_33.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Exposition_Richard_Prince%2C_American_Prayer_-_montage_33.jpg/540px-Exposition_Richard_Prince%2C_American_Prayer_-_montage_33.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4368" data-file-height="2912" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">8 March 2011</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Exposition_Richard_Prince,_American_Prayer_-_sc%C3%A9nographie_21.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="26 June 2011"><img alt="26 June 2011" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Exposition_Richard_Prince%2C_American_Prayer_-_sc%C3%A9nographie_21.jpg/270px-Exposition_Richard_Prince%2C_American_Prayer_-_sc%C3%A9nographie_21.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Exposition_Richard_Prince%2C_American_Prayer_-_sc%C3%A9nographie_21.jpg/405px-Exposition_Richard_Prince%2C_American_Prayer_-_sc%C3%A9nographie_21.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Exposition_Richard_Prince%2C_American_Prayer_-_sc%C3%A9nographie_21.jpg/540px-Exposition_Richard_Prince%2C_American_Prayer_-_sc%C3%A9nographie_21.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4368" data-file-height="2912" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">26 June 2011</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Exposition_Richard_Prince,_American_Prayer_04.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="26 June 2011"><img alt="26 June 2011" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Exposition_Richard_Prince%2C_American_Prayer_04.jpg/270px-Exposition_Richard_Prince%2C_American_Prayer_04.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Exposition_Richard_Prince%2C_American_Prayer_04.jpg/405px-Exposition_Richard_Prince%2C_American_Prayer_04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Exposition_Richard_Prince%2C_American_Prayer_04.jpg/540px-Exposition_Richard_Prince%2C_American_Prayer_04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4368" data-file-height="2912" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">26 June 2011</div> </li> </ul> <p>The main concerns of exhibition environments include <a href="/wiki/List_of_light_sources" title="List of light sources">light</a>, <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Temperature" title="Temperature">temperature</a>. </p> <dl><dt>Light</dt></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vaade_n%C3%A4ituselt_%22Muutuv_Tartu_neljas_vaates%22_Tartu_Kunstimuuseumis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Vaade_n%C3%A4ituselt_%22Muutuv_Tartu_neljas_vaates%22_Tartu_Kunstimuuseumis.jpg/220px-Vaade_n%C3%A4ituselt_%22Muutuv_Tartu_neljas_vaates%22_Tartu_Kunstimuuseumis.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Vaade_n%C3%A4ituselt_%22Muutuv_Tartu_neljas_vaates%22_Tartu_Kunstimuuseumis.jpg/330px-Vaade_n%C3%A4ituselt_%22Muutuv_Tartu_neljas_vaates%22_Tartu_Kunstimuuseumis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Vaade_n%C3%A4ituselt_%22Muutuv_Tartu_neljas_vaates%22_Tartu_Kunstimuuseumis.jpg/440px-Vaade_n%C3%A4ituselt_%22Muutuv_Tartu_neljas_vaates%22_Tartu_Kunstimuuseumis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Light is used to draw attention to the exhibits. Interior of <a href="/wiki/Tartu_Art_Museum" title="Tartu Art Museum">Tartu Art Museum</a> with the exhibition "Changing Tartu in Four Views".</figcaption></figure> <p>Light <a href="/wiki/Wavelength" title="Wavelength">wavelength</a>, <a href="/wiki/Intensity_(physics)" title="Intensity (physics)">intensity</a>, and duration contribute collectively to the rate of material degradation in exhibitions.<sup id="cite_ref-Guidance_for_Exhibiting_Library_and_Archive_Materials_p._2_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guidance_for_Exhibiting_Library_and_Archive_Materials_p._2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The intensity of visible light in the display space should be low enough to avoid object deterioration, but bright enough for viewing. A patron's tolerance of low-level <a href="/wiki/Illumination_(lighting)" class="mw-redirect" title="Illumination (lighting)">illumination</a> can be aided by reducing ambient light levels to a level lower than that falling on the exhibit.<sup id="cite_ref-Guidance_for_Exhibiting_Library_and_Archive_Materials_p._2_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guidance_for_Exhibiting_Library_and_Archive_Materials_p._2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Visible light levels should be maintained at between 50 <a href="/wiki/Lux" title="Lux">lux</a> and 100 lux depending on the light sensitivity of objects.<sup id="cite_ref-NISO_6_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NISO_6-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An items level of toleration will depend on the <a href="/wiki/Ink" title="Ink">inks</a> or <a href="/wiki/Pigment" title="Pigment">pigments</a> being exposed and the duration of the exhibition time. A maximum exhibition length should initially be determined for each exhibited item based on its light sensitivity, anticipated light level, and its cumulative past and projected exhibition exposure. </p><p>Light levels need to be measured when the exhibition is prepared. <a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet" title="Ultraviolet">UV</a> light meters will check radiation levels in an exhibit space, and data event loggers help determine visible light levels over an extended period of time. Blue wool standards cards can also be utilized to predict the extent to which materials will be damaged during exhibits.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> UV <a href="/wiki/Radiation" title="Radiation">radiation</a> must be eliminated to the extent it is physically possible; it is recommended that light with a wavelength below 400 <a href="/wiki/Nanometre" title="Nanometre">nm</a> (ultraviolet radiation) be limited to no more than 75 <a href="/wiki/Watt" title="Watt">microwatts</a> per <a href="/wiki/Lumen_(unit)" title="Lumen (unit)">lumen</a> at 10 to 100 lux.<sup id="cite_ref-NISO_6_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NISO_6-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>Furthermore, exposure to <a href="/wiki/Sunlight" title="Sunlight">natural light</a> is undesirable because of its intensity and high UV content. When such exposure is unavoidable, preventative measures must be taken to control UV radiation, including the use of blinds, shades, curtains, <a href="/wiki/UV_filter" title="UV filter">UV filtering</a> films, and UV-filtering panels in windows or cases. <a href="/wiki/List_of_light_sources" title="List of light sources">Artificial light</a> sources are safer options for exhibition. Among these sources, <a href="/wiki/Incandescent_light_bulb" title="Incandescent light bulb">incandescent lamps</a> are most suitable because they emit little or no UV radiation.<sup id="cite_ref-Adcock_p._27_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adcock_p._27-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Fluorescent_lamp" title="Fluorescent lamp">Fluorescent lamps</a>, common in most institutions, may be used only when they produce a low UV output and when covered with plastic sleeves before exhibition.<sup id="cite_ref-Adcock_p._27_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adcock_p._27-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though <a href="/wiki/Incandescent_light_bulb#Halogen_lamps" title="Incandescent light bulb">tungsten-halogen lamps</a> are currently a favorite artificial lighting source, they still give off significant amounts of UV radiation; use these only with special UV filters and dimmers.<sup id="cite_ref-Adcock_p._27_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adcock_p._27-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lights should be lowered or turned off completely when visitors are not in the exhibition space. </p> <dl><dt>Relative humidity (RH)</dt></dl> <p>The exhibition space's relative humidity (RH) should be set to a value between 35% and 50%.<sup id="cite_ref-NISO_6_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NISO_6-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The maximum acceptable variation should be 5% on either side of this range. Seasonal changes of 5% are also allowed. The control of relative humidity is especially critical for <a href="/wiki/Vellum" title="Vellum">vellum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Parchment" title="Parchment">parchment</a> materials, which are extremely sensitive to changes in relative humidity and may contract violently and unevenly if displayed in too dry an environment. </p> <dl><dt>Temperature</dt></dl> <p>For preservation purposes, cooler temperatures are always recommended. The temperature of the display space should not exceed 72 °F.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A lower temperature of down to 50 °F can be considered safe for a majority of objects. The maximum acceptable variation in this range is 5 °F, meaning that the temperature should not go above 77 °F and below 45 °F. As temperature and relative humidity are interdependent, temperature should be reasonably constant so that relative humidity can be maintained as well. Controlling the environment with 24-hour air conditioning and dehumidification is the most effective way of protecting an exhibition from serious fluctuations. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Length_of_the_exhibition">Length of the exhibition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_exhibition&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Length of the exhibition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AM._Lynen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/AM._Lynen.jpg/220px-AM._Lynen.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="343" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/AM._Lynen.jpg/330px-AM._Lynen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/AM._Lynen.jpg/440px-AM._Lynen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1459" data-file-height="2273" /></a><figcaption>Poster, Bruges, 1902</figcaption></figure> <p>One factor that influences how well materials will fare in an exhibition is the length of the show. The longer an item is exposed to harmful environmental conditions, the more likely that it will experience deterioration. Many museums and libraries have <a href="/wiki/Permanent_exhibition" class="mw-redirect" title="Permanent exhibition">permanent exhibitions</a>, and installed exhibitions have the potential to be on the view without any changes for years. </p><p>Damage from a long exhibition is usually caused by light. The degree of deterioration is different for each respective object. For paper-based items, the suggested maximum length of time that they should be on display is three months per year, or 42 <a href="/wiki/Lux" title="Lux">kilolux</a> hours of light per year – whichever comes first.<sup id="cite_ref-Adcock_p._6_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adcock_p._6-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An exhibition log report, including records of the length of the exhibition time and the light level of the display, may prevent objects from being exhibited too frequently. Displayed items need to be inspected regularly for evidence of damage or change.<sup id="cite_ref-Adcock_p._6_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adcock_p._6-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is recommended that high-quality facsimiles of especially delicate or fragile materials be displayed in lieu of originals for longer exhibitions.<sup id="cite_ref-Balloffet_and_Hille_p._37_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Balloffet_and_Hille_p._37-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Individual_cases">Individual cases</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_exhibition&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Individual cases"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Library or archival materials are usually displayed in <a href="/wiki/Display_case" title="Display case">display cases</a> or <a href="/wiki/Frame_and_panel" title="Frame and panel">frames</a>. Cases provide a physically and chemically secure environment. Vertical cases are acceptable for small or single-sheet items, and horizontal cases can be used for a variety of objects, including three-dimensional items such as opened or closed books, and flat paper items. All these objects can be arranged simultaneously in one horizontal case under a unified theme. </p><p>Materials used for case construction should be chosen carefully because component materials can easily become a significant source of <a href="/wiki/Air_pollution#Pollutants" title="Air pollution">pollutants</a> or harmful fumes for displayed objects. <a href="/wiki/Outgassing" title="Outgassing">Outgassing</a> from materials used in the construction of the exhibition case and/or fabrics used for lining the case can be destructive. Pollutants may cause visible deterioration, including discoloration of surfaces and <a href="/wiki/Corrosion" title="Corrosion">corrosion</a>. Examples of evaluative criteria to be used in deeming materials suitable for use in exhibit display could be the potential of contact-transfer of harmful substances, <a href="/wiki/Solubility" title="Solubility">water solubility</a> or <a href="/wiki/Dye_transfer" class="mw-redirect" title="Dye transfer">dry-transfer of dyes</a>, the dry-texture of paints, <a href="/wiki/PH" title="PH">pH</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Abrasive" title="Abrasive">abrasiveness</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>New cases may be preferred, constructed of safe materials such as metal, plexiglass, or some <a href="/wiki/Sealant" title="Sealant">sealed</a> woods.<sup id="cite_ref-Balloffet_and_Hille_p._37_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Balloffet_and_Hille_p._37-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Separating certain materials from the display section of an exhibition case by lining relevant surfaces with an <a href="/wiki/Permeation" title="Permeation">impermeable</a> barrier film will help protect items from damage. Any fabrics that line or decorate the case (for example, polyester blend fabric), and any adhesives used in the process, should also be tested to determine any risk. Using internal <a href="/wiki/PH_buffer" class="mw-redirect" title="PH buffer">buffers</a> and pollutant absorbers, such as <a href="/wiki/Silica_gel" title="Silica gel">silica gel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Activated_carbon" title="Activated carbon">activated carbon</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Zeolite" title="Zeolite">zeolite</a>, is a good way to control <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> and pollutants. Buffers and absorbers should be placed out of sight, in the base or behind the backboard of a case. If the case is to be painted, it is recommended <a href="/wiki/Oil_paint" title="Oil paint">oil paints</a> be avoided; <a href="/wiki/Acrylic_paint" title="Acrylic paint">acrylic</a> or <a href="/wiki/Latex_(polymer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Latex (polymer)">latex</a> paint is preferable. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Display_methods">Display methods</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_exhibition&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Display methods"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Glazunov-exhibition2010Manezh1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Glazunov-exhibition2010Manezh1.JPG/220px-Glazunov-exhibition2010Manezh1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Glazunov-exhibition2010Manezh1.JPG/330px-Glazunov-exhibition2010Manezh1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Glazunov-exhibition2010Manezh1.JPG/440px-Glazunov-exhibition2010Manezh1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="1880" /></a><figcaption>A photography exhibition in Moscow, 2010</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2._Inauguraci%C3%B3_de_l%27exposici%C3%B3_a_Val%C3%A8ncia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/2._Inauguraci%C3%B3_de_l%27exposici%C3%B3_a_Val%C3%A8ncia.jpg/220px-2._Inauguraci%C3%B3_de_l%27exposici%C3%B3_a_Val%C3%A8ncia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/2._Inauguraci%C3%B3_de_l%27exposici%C3%B3_a_Val%C3%A8ncia.jpg/330px-2._Inauguraci%C3%B3_de_l%27exposici%C3%B3_a_Val%C3%A8ncia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/2._Inauguraci%C3%B3_de_l%27exposici%C3%B3_a_Val%C3%A8ncia.jpg/440px-2._Inauguraci%C3%B3_de_l%27exposici%C3%B3_a_Val%C3%A8ncia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5977" data-file-height="3966" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> photo exhibition (Faculty of Teaching, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Valencia" title="University of Valencia">University of Valencia</a>, 2022)</figcaption></figure> <p>There are two kinds of objects displayed at the library and archival exhibition – bound materials and unbound materials. Bound materials include <a href="/wiki/Book" title="Book">books</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pamphlet" title="Pamphlet">pamphlets</a>, and unbound materials include <a href="/wiki/Manuscript" title="Manuscript">manuscripts</a>, cards, drawings, and other two-dimensional items. The observance of proper display conditions will help minimize any potential physical damage. All items displayed must be adequately supported and secured. </p> <dl><dt>Unbound materials</dt></dl> <p>Unbound materials, usually single-sheet items, need to be attached securely to the mounts, unless matted or encapsulated. Metal fasteners, pins, screws, and thumbtacks should not come in direct contact with any exhibit items.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Instead, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Photo_corners&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Photo corners (page does not exist)">photo corners</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polyethylene" title="Polyethylene">polyethylene</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Polyester" title="Polyester">polyester</a> film straps may hold the object to the support. Objects may also be encapsulated in polyester film, though old and untreated acidic papers should be professionally <a href="/wiki/Mass_deacidification" title="Mass deacidification">deacidified</a> before encapsulation.<sup id="cite_ref-plam3_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-plam3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Avoid potential slippage during encapsulation – when possible, use ultrasonic or heat seals. For objects that need to be hung (and that may require more protection than lightweight polyester film), matting would be an effective alternative. </p><p>Objects in frames should be separated from harmful materials through <a href="/wiki/Mat_(picture_framing)" title="Mat (picture framing)">matting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glazing_(window)" title="Glazing (window)">glazing</a>, and backing layers. Matting, which consists of two pH-neutral or alkaline boards with a window cut in the top board to enable the object to be seen, can be used to support and enhance the display of single sheet or folded items. Backing layers of archival cardboard should be thick enough to protect objects. Moreover, any protective glazing used should never come in direct contact with objects.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Frames should be well-sealed and hung securely, allowing a space for air circulation between the frame and the wall. </p> <dl><dt>Bound materials</dt></dl> <p>The most common way to display bound materials is closed and lying horizontally. If a volume is shown open, the object should be open only as much as its <a href="/wiki/Bookbinding" title="Bookbinding">binding</a> allows. Common practice is to open volumes at an angle no greater than 135°.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are some types of equipment that help support volumes as they displayed openly: blocks or wedges, which hold a book cover to reduce stain at the book hinge; cradles, which support bound volumes as they lay open without stress to the binding structure; and polyester film strips, which help to secure open leaves. Textblock supports are best used in conjunction with book cradles where the textblock is greater than 1/2 inch, or where the textblock noticeably sags.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Regardless of its method of support, however, any book that is kept open for long periods can cause damage. One should turn an exhibited book's pages every few days in order to protect pages from overexposure to light and spread any strain on the binding structure. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Security">Security</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_exhibition&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Security"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Because exhibited items are often of special interest, they demand a high level of security to reduce the risk of loss from theft or vandalism. Exhibition cases should be securely locked. In addition, cases may be glazed with a material that hinders penetration and that when broken does not risk shards of glass falling on the exhibits.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Whenever possible, the exhibition area should be patrolled; a 24-hour security presence is recommended when precious treasures are exhibited.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Finally, the exhibition is best protected when equipped with <a href="/wiki/Burglar_alarm" class="mw-redirect" title="Burglar alarm">intruder alarms</a>, which can be fitted at entry points to the building and internal areas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_exhibition&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arts_festival" title="Arts festival">Arts festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exhibition_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Exhibition history">Exhibition history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums" class="mw-redirect" title="List of museums">List of museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_gallery" title="Art gallery">Art gallery</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_exhibition&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/exhibition">"Definition of EXHIBITION"</a>. <i>Merriam-Webster</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster&rft.atitle=Definition+of+EXHIBITION&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fexhibition&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+exhibition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kiwa.net/">Kyoto Triennial</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Inactive site (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://agifineart.com/advice/all-about-pop-up-exhibitions/">"All About Pop-up Exhibitions"</a>. <i>Advice for Artists - AGI Fine Art - Advice Blog</i>. 14 August 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231003042630/https://agifineart.com/advice/all-about-pop-up-exhibitions/">Archived</a> from the original on Oct 3, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Advice+for+Artists+-+AGI+Fine+Art+-+Advice+Blog&rft.atitle=All+About+Pop-up+Exhibitions&rft.date=2018-08-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fagifineart.com%2Fadvice%2Fall-about-pop-up-exhibitions%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+exhibition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.artcologne.com">"Fair for modern and contemporary art | ART COLOGNE"</a>. <i>artcologne.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240127192628/https://www.artcologne.com/">Archived</a> from the original on Jan 27, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=artcologne.com&rft.atitle=Fair+for+modern+and+contemporary+art+%7C+ART+COLOGNE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.artcologne.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+exhibition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-plam3-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-plam3_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-plam3_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTodd_Glaser" class="citation web cs1">Todd Glaser, Mary. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080828202915/http://www.nedcc.org/plam3/tleaf25.htm">"Protecting Paper and Book Collections During Exhibition"</a>. <i>Northeast Document Conservation Center</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nedcc.org/plam3/tleaf25.htm">the original</a> on 28 August 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Northeast+Document+Conservation+Center&rft.atitle=Protecting+Paper+and+Book+Collections+During+Exhibition&rft.aulast=Todd+Glaser&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nedcc.org%2Fplam3%2Ftleaf25.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+exhibition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150512201541/http://www.niso.org/home">"Home - National Information Standards Organization"</a>. <i>NISO.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.niso.org/home">the original</a> on 12 May 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NISO.org&rft.atitle=Home+-+National+Information+Standards+Organization&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.niso.org%2Fhome&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArt+exhibition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guidance_for_Exhibiting_Library_and_Archive_Materials_p._2-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Guidance_for_Exhibiting_Library_and_Archive_Materials_p._2_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Guidance_for_Exhibiting_Library_and_Archive_Materials_p._2_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">National Preservation Office, <i>Guidance for Exhibiting Library and Archive Materials</i>, Preservation Management Series (London: British Library, 2000), 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NISO_6-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NISO_6_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NISO_6_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NISO_6_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">National Information Standards Organization, <i>Environmental Conditions for Exhibiting Library and Archival Materials</i> (Bethesda, MD: NISO Press, 2001), 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gary Thompson, <i>The Museum Environment</i>, 2nd edn (London: Butterworths, 1986), 183.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Adcock_p._27-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Adcock_p._27_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Adcock_p._27_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Adcock_p._27_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Edward P. Adcock, <i>IFLA Principles for the Care and Handling of Library Material</i> (Paris: IFLA, 1998), 27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Adcock, <i>IFLA Principles for the Care and Handling of Library Material</i> (1998), 8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Adcock_p._6-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Adcock_p._6_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Adcock_p._6_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Adcock, <i>IFLA Principles for the Care and Handling of Library Material</i> (1998), 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Balloffet_and_Hille_p._37-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Balloffet_and_Hille_p._37_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Balloffet_and_Hille_p._37_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Nelly Balloffet and Jenny Hille, <i>Preservation and Conservation for Libraries and Archives</i> (Chicago: ALA, 2005), 37.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">NISO, 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Balloffet and Hille, <i>Preservation and Conservation for Libraries and Archives</i> (2005), 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gail E. Farr, <i>Archives and Manuscripts: Exhibits</i> (Chicago: Society of American Archivists, 1980), 42.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">NISO, 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">NPO, 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Balloffet and Hille, <i>Preservation and Conservation for Libraries and Archives</i> (2005), 154.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gail E. Farr, <i>Archives and Manuscripts: Exhibits</i> (Chicago: Society of American Archivists, 1980), 22.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_exhibition&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>O'Doherty, Brian and McEvilley, Thomas (1999). <i>Inside the White Cube: The Ideology of the Gallery Space</i>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Press" title="University of California Press">University of California Press</a>, Expanded edition. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-520-22040-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-520-22040-4">0-520-22040-4</a>.</li> <li><i>New York School Abstract Expressionists Artists Choice by Artists</i>, New York School Press, 2000. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9677994-0-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-9677994-0-6">0-9677994-0-6</a>.</li> <li>National Information Standards Organization. <i>Environmental Conditions for Exhibiting Library and Archival Materials</i>. Bethesda, MD: NISO Press, 2001.</li> <li>National Preservation Office. <i>Guidance for Exhibiting Library and Archive Materials</i>. Preservation Management Series. London: British Library, 2000.</li> <li>Francis Haskell, <i>The Ephemeral Museum: Old Master Paintings in the Rise of Art Exhibition</i>, Yale University, 2000.</li> <li>Bruce Altshuler, <i>Salon to Biennial: Exhibitions That Made Art History. Volume I: 1863–1959</i>, Phaidon Editors, 2008.</li> <li>Bruce Altshuler, <i>Biennials and Beyond: Exhibitions That Made Art History. Volume II: 1962–2002</i>, Phaidon Editors, 2013.</li> <li><i>Where Art Worlds Meet: Multiple Modernities and the Global Salon</i>, ed. Robert Storr, Marsilio, 2005.</li> <li><i>What Makes a Great Exhibition</i>, ed. Paula Marincola, Philadelphia Exhibitions Initiative, 2006.</li> <li>Hans Ulrich Obrist, <i>A Brief History of Curating</i>, Zurich-Dijon, 2008.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_exhibition&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 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exhibitions">Art exhibitions</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.artweek.com">Art Week, 40 years for Art Exhibition</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativinn.com/9-tips-to-help-you-prepare-your-first-art-exhibition/">9 tips to help you prepare your first art exhibition</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openart.in/events/art-exhibition/">OpenArt - Magazine about Art Exhibitions in India and worldwide</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output 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template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Art_world" title="Template talk:Art world"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Art_world" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Art world"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Visual_arts_and_the_art_world208" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Visual_arts" title="Visual arts">Visual arts</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Art_world" title="Art world">art world</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artwork</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appropriation_(art)" title="Appropriation (art)">Appropriation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collage" title="Collage">Collage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conceptual_art" title="Conceptual art">Conceptual art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_artifact" title="Cultural artifact">Cultural artifact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drawing" title="Drawing">Drawing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fine_art" title="Fine art">Fine art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fine-art_photography" title="Fine-art photography">Fine-art photograph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Found_object" title="Found object">Found object</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Installation_art" title="Installation art">Installation art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinetic_art" title="Kinetic art">Kinetic art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_media" title="Mixed media">Mixed media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bricolage" title="Bricolage">bricolage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mural" title="Mural">Mural</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fresco" title="Fresco">fresco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graffiti" title="Graffiti">graffiti</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_media_art" title="New media art">New media art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Media_art_history" title="Media art history">history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_art" title="Digital art">digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_art" title="Virtual art">virtual</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Painting" title="Painting">Painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Performance_art" title="Performance art">Performance art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_arts" title="Plastic arts">Plastic arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portrait" title="Portrait">Portrait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Printmaking" title="Printmaking">Printmaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_art" title="Public art">Public art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Street_art" title="Street art">street art</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sculpture" title="Sculpture">Sculpture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carving" title="Carving">carving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relief" title="Relief">relief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue" title="Statue">statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_statues" title="List of tallest statues">tallest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Site-specific_art" title="Site-specific art">Site-specific art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_sculpture" title="Social sculpture">Social sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soft_sculpture" title="Soft sculpture">Soft sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stained_glass" title="Stained glass">Stained glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artwork_title" title="Artwork title">Artwork title</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Roles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artist" title="Artist">Artist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_collection" title="Private collection">Collector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservator-restorer" title="Conservator-restorer">Conservator-restorer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paintings_conservator" title="Paintings conservator">paintings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_frescos" title="Conservation and restoration of frescos">frescos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_critic" title="Art critic">Critic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curator" title="Curator">Curator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_dealer" title="Art dealer">Dealer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model_(art)" title="Model (art)">Model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patronage" title="Patronage">Patron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_arts_education" title="Visual arts education">Visual arts education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_art_universities_and_colleges_in_Europe" title="List of art universities and colleges in Europe">Europe</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places<br />and events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_auction" title="Art auction">Art auction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_colony" title="Art colony">Art colony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_commune" class="mw-redirect" title="Art commune">Art commune</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Art exhibition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_exhibition_space" title="Alternative exhibition space">alternative exhibition space</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_gallery" title="Art gallery">Art gallery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_art_gallery" title="Contemporary art gallery">Contemporary art gallery</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_museum" title="Art museum">Art museum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Single-artist_museum" title="Single-artist museum">Single-artist museum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_school" title="Art school">Art school</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_art_schools_in_Europe" title="List of art schools in Europe">Europe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arts_centre" title="Arts centre">Arts centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arts_festival" title="Arts festival">Arts festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artist_collective" title="Artist collective">Artist collective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artist_cooperative" title="Artist cooperative">Artist cooperative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artist-in-residence" title="Artist-in-residence">Artist-in-residence program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artist-run_initiative" class="mw-redirect" title="Artist-run initiative">Artist-run initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artist-run_space" title="Artist-run space">Artist-run space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biennale" title="Biennale">Biennale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commission_(art)" title="Commission (art)">Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sculpture_garden" title="Sculpture garden">Sculpture garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sculpture_trail" title="Sculpture trail">Sculpture trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_museum" title="Virtual museum">Virtual museum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_art" title="History of art">History of art</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_art" title="Timeline of art">Timeline of art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_history" title="Art history">Art history (academic study)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_manifesto" title="Art manifesto">Art manifesto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_movement" title="Art movement">Art movements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_criticism" title="Art criticism">Criticism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_art_criticism" title="Feminist art criticism">feminist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_painting" title="History of painting">History of painting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_painting_history" title="Outline of painting history">outline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periods_in_Western_art_history" title="Periods in Western art history">Periods in Western art history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_20th_century_printmaking_in_America" title="Timeline of 20th century printmaking in America">Timeline of 20th century printmaking in America</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_market" title="Art market">Art market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_arts" title="The arts">The arts</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_raisonn%C3%A9" title="Catalogue raisonné">Catalogue raisonné</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classificatory_disputes_about_art" title="Classificatory disputes about art">Classificatory disputes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collection_Management_Policy" class="mw-redirect" title="Collection Management Policy">Museum collection management</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deaccessioning_(museum)" class="mw-redirect" title="Deaccessioning (museum)">deaccessioning</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_cultural_heritage" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservation and restoration of cultural heritage">Conservation-restoration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_paintings" title="Conservation and restoration of paintings">paintings</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_policy" title="Cultural policy">Cultural policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Depiction" title="Depiction">Depiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destination_painting" title="Destination painting">Destination painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eclecticism_in_art" title="Eclecticism in art">Eclecticism in art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economics_of_the_arts_and_literature" title="Economics of the arts and literature">Economics of art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_finance" title="Art finance">art finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_valuation" title="Art valuation">art valuation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elements_of_art" title="Elements of art">Elements of art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_painting-related_articles" title="Index of painting-related articles">Index of painting-related articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_visual_arts" title="Outline of the visual arts">Outline of the visual arts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_painting" title="Outline of painting">painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_sculpture" title="Outline of sculpture">sculpture</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provenance" title="Provenance">Provenance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology_of_art" title="Sociology of art">Sociology of art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Style_(visual_arts)" title="Style (visual arts)">Style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unfinished_creative_work" title="Unfinished creative work">Unfinished work</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_art_magazines" title="List of art magazines">Art magazines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_art_media" title="List of art media">Art media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_art_techniques" title="List of art techniques">Art techniques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_art_movements" title="List of art movements">Art movements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_art_museums" title="List of art museums">Art museums</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_art_museums" title="List of largest art museums">largest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-visited_art_museums" title="List of most-visited art museums">most visited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sculpture_parks" title="List of sculpture parks">sculpture parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_single-artist_museums" title="List of single-artist museums">single artist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_art_reference_books" title="List of art reference books">Art reference books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colossal_sculptures_in_situ" title="List of colossal sculptures in situ">Colossal sculptures in situ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_contemporary_artists" title="List of contemporary artists">Contemporary artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_contemporary_art_galleries" title="List of contemporary art galleries">Contemporary art galleries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_modern_artists" title="List of modern artists">Modern artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_galleries" title="List of national galleries">National galleries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_painters" title="Lists of painters">Painters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_painters_by_name" title="List of painters by name">by name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_painters_by_nationality" title="Lists of painters by nationality">by nationality</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_photographers" title="List of photographers">Photographers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sculptors" title="List of sculptors">Sculptors</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_female_sculptors" title="List of female sculptors">female</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stolen_paintings" title="List of stolen paintings">Stolen paintings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most_expensive_paintings" title="List of most expensive paintings">Most expensive paintings</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_most_expensive_sculptures" title="List of most expensive sculptures">sculptures</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_most_expensive_artworks_by_living_artists" title="List of most expensive artworks by living artists">works by living artists</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Painting" title="Portal:Painting">Painting portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Visual_arts" title="Portal:Visual arts">Visual arts portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Arts">Arts portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox1219" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" 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