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data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Modificare</span> </a></li> </ul> </nav> <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"> <script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ro" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <div role="note" class="dezambiguizare"> Pentru alte sensuri, vedeți <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plastic_(dezambiguizare)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Plastic (dezambiguizare)">Plastic (dezambiguizare)</a>. </div> <p>Termenul de <b>plastic</b> face referire la acele <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Material?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Material">materiale</a> (de obicei denumite <b>materiale plastice</b> sau mase plastice), produse sintetice de <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Compus_organic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Compus organic">natură organică</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Compus_anorganic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Compus anorganic">anorganică</a> sau mixtă, care se pot prelucra ușor în diferite forme, la cald sau la rece, cu sau fără presiune.</p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Plastic_household_items.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Plastic_household_items.jpg/290px-Plastic_household_items.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Plastic_household_items.jpg/435px-Plastic_household_items.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Plastic_household_items.jpg/580px-Plastic_household_items.jpg 2x" data-file-width="601" data-file-height="400"></a> <figcaption> Câteva exemple de produse realizate din materiale plastice. </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:9-5_cine_film.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/9-5_cine_film.jpg/220px-9-5_cine_film.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="545" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/9-5_cine_film.jpg/330px-9-5_cine_film.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/9-5_cine_film.jpg/440px-9-5_cine_film.jpg 2x" data-file-width="459" data-file-height="1137"></a> <figcaption> Celuloid - Primul <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Termoplast&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Termoplast — pagină inexistentă">termoplast</a> </figcaption> </figure> <p>Plasticele sunt adesea materiale <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Polimer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Polimer">polimerice</a> de natură organică, cu <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mas%C4%83_molecular%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Masă moleculară">masă moleculară</a> mare, care conțin de obicei alți aditivi. Majoritatea materialelor plastice sunt sintetice, derivate din <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Petrochimie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Petrochimie">produse petrochimice</a>, însă există și alte tipuri de plastice realizate din materiale regenerabile.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plastic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Primul plastic de sinteză realizat a fost <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bachelit%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bachelită">bachelita</a>, inventat în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/New_York_(ora%C8%99)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="New York (oraș)">New York</a> în anul 1907 de către <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Leo_Baekeland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Leo Baekeland">Leo Baekeland</a><sup id="cite_ref-Landmark_2-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plastic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Landmark-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> care de asemenea a și inventat termenul de <i>plastice</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plastic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mulți chimiști au contribuit la dezvoltarea <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C8%98tiin%C8%9Ba_materialelor?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Știința materialelor">științei materialelor</a> plastice, iar printre aceștia se numără și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hermann_Staudinger?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hermann Staudinger">Hermann Staudinger</a>, denumit „părintele <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chimia_polimerilor?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chimia polimerilor">chimiei polimerilor</a>” și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Herman_Francis_Mark&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Herman Francis Mark — pagină inexistentă">Herman Mark</a>, denumit „părintele fizicii polimerilor”.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plastic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="ro" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Cuprins</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plastic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Istoric"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Istoric</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plastic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Structur%C4%83"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Structură</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plastic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Propriet%C4%83%C8%9Bi_%C8%99i_clasificare"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Proprietăți și clasificare</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plastic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Clasificare"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Clasificare</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plastic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Materialele_termoplastice_%C8%99i_termorigide"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Materialele termoplastice și termorigide</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plastic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Avantaje"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Avantaje</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plastic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Recomand%C4%83ri_la_proiectare_%C8%99i_prelucrare"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Recomandări la proiectare și prelucrare</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plastic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Defecte_posibile"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Defecte posibile</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plastic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Domenii_de_utilizare"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Domenii de utilizare</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plastic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Reciclare"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Reciclare</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plastic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Vezi_%C8%99i"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Vezi și</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plastic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Referin%C8%9Be"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Referințe</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plastic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Leg%C4%83turi_externe"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">Legături externe</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Istoric">Istoric</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Plastic&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Istoric" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>În 1908, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chimie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chimie">chimistul</a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Brandenberger&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Jacques Brandenberger — pagină inexistentă">Jacques Brandenberger</a> descoperă <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Celofan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Celofan">celofanul</a>, a cărui denumire o patentează în 1912. În 1909, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Belgia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Belgia">belgianul</a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Leo_Baekeland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Leo Baekeland">Leo Baekeland</a> inventează prima materie plastică sintetică, care avea să îi poarte numele, rășina fenolformaldehidică <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bachelit%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bachelită">bachelită</a>. Primele materiale plastice au fost produse din transformarea materialelor naturale. În anul 1859 au apărut fibrele vulcanizate, în 1869 a apărut celuloidul și în 1897 galitul.</p> <p><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Fritz_Klatte&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Fritz Klatte — pagină inexistentă">Fritz Klatte</a> brevetează, în 1913, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Polimerizare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Polimerizare">polimerizarea</a> unui <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gaz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gaz">gaz</a>, clorura de vinil, și obține <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Policlorur%C4%83_de_vinil?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Policlorură de vinil">policlorura de vinil</a> (PVC). Datorită proprietăților sale (rezistență chimică, greutate mică și preț redus) PVC-ul a avut un puternic impact în domeniul tehnologiei conductelor și instalațiilor.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Structură"><span id="Structur.C4.83"></span>Structură</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Plastic&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Structură" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Syndiotactic_polypropene.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Syndiotactic_polypropene.png/220px-Syndiotactic_polypropene.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="741" data-file-height="741"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 220px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Syndiotactic_polypropene.png/220px-Syndiotactic_polypropene.png" data-width="220" data-height="220" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Syndiotactic_polypropene.png/330px-Syndiotactic_polypropene.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Syndiotactic_polypropene.png/440px-Syndiotactic_polypropene.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Structura polipropilenei: cu albastru sunt reprezentați atomii de <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Carbon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Carbon">carbon</a>, iar cu gri cei de <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hidrogen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hidrogen">hidrogen</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Majoritatea plasticelor sunt <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Polimer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Polimer">polimeri</a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Compus_organic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Compus organic">organici</a>, deci sunt alcătuite din unități repetitive numite <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monomer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Monomer">monomeri</a> (numărul acestora poate ajunge la câteva mii de unități pentru fiecare moleculă).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plastic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> În funcție de natura <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grup%C4%83_func%C8%9Bional%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grupă funcțională">grupelor</a> care s-au legat de catena principală a moleculei polimerice, compusul respectiv prezintă diverse proprietăți. Altfel spus, structura catenelor laterale influențează proprietățile plasticului.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Proprietăți_și_clasificare"><span id="Propriet.C4.83.C8.9Bi_.C8.99i_clasificare"></span>Proprietăți și clasificare</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Plastic&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Proprietăți și clasificare" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>Plasticele sunt clasificate pe baza <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Structur%C4%83_chimic%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Structură chimică">structurii chimice</a> a catenei principale a polimerului și a catenelor laterale. Câteva categorii de materiale plastice sunt: <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Acril&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Acril — pagină inexistentă">acrilice</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Poliester?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Poliester">poliesterice</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Poliuretan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Poliuretan">poliuretanice</a> și halogenate.</p> <p>De asemenea, un alt criteriu de clasificare este <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reac%C8%9Bie_chimic%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Reacție chimică">procesul chimic</a> folosit în sinteza plasticelor: <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reac%C8%9Bie_de_condensare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Reacție de condensare">reacțiile de condensare</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Adi%C8%9Bie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Adiție">poliadiție</a> sau reticulare.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plastic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Plasticele prezintă următoarele <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Proprietate_fizic%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Proprietate fizică">proprietăți fizice</a>: <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Duritate?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Duritate">duritatea</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Densitate?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Densitate">densitatea</a>, rezistența la rupere, rezistența la căldură. Din punctul de vedere al <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Proprietate_chimic%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Proprietate chimică">proprietăților chimice</a> se poate menționa rezistența sau reacția cu diferiți produși chimici, precum <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solvent?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Solvent">solvenții organici</a> sau <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Agent_oxidant?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Agent oxidant">agenții oxidanți</a>, sau comportamentul în prezența <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Radia%C8%9Bie_ionizant%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Radiație ionizantă">radiațiilor ionizante</a>. Majoritatea materialelor plastice se topesc încălzite la temperatură de câteva sute grade Celsius.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plastic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Clasificare">Clasificare</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Plastic&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Clasificare" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Materialele plastice utilizate în tehnică se împart în două grupe:</p> <ul> <li>Termoplaste, care prin încălziri repetate trec în stare plastică (polistiren, polimetacrilat,</li> </ul> <p>celuloid, poliamidă, policlorura de vinil). Piesele din aceste materiale se obțin prin presare și turnare, având o mare productivitate.</p> <ul> <li>Termoreactive, care prin încălziri repetate nu mai trec în stare plastică (polistireni nesaturați, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C4%83%C8%99ini?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Rășini">rășini</a> fenolfolmaldehidice, etc.). piesele în acest caz se prelucrează prin presare.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Materialele_termoplastice_și_termorigide"><span id="Materialele_termoplastice_.C8.99i_termorigide"></span>Materialele termoplastice și termorigide</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Plastic&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Materialele termoplastice și termorigide" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <div role="note" class="dezambiguizare rellink boilerplate seealso"> Articol principal: <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Termoplastic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Termoplastic">Termoplastic</a>. </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16505893">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .rellink{display:flex}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .rellink{display:flex}}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16501920">.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0px 10%;border:1px solid #aaa;border-left:10px solid #1e90ff;background:#fbfbfb}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-notice{border-left:10px solid #1e90ff}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid 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solid #544004!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #1e0a28!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #bba!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-notice,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{background-color:#202122!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-notice{border-left:10px solid #000f1e!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#310402!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #070101!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #261500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #544004!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #1e0a28!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #bba!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-notice,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{background-color:#202122!important}}</style> <table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox ambox-style ambox-style" style=""> <tbody> <tr> <td class="mbox-text" style=""><span class="mbox-text-span"><b>Acest articol sau această secțiune nu este în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikizare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Wikizare">formatul standard</a></b>.<br> Ștergeți eticheta la încheierea standardizării.<span class="hide-when-compact"> </span><span class="hide-when-compact"> </span></span></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>Exista numeroase procedee de fabricare a materialelor plastice. În general, produsul de la care se pornește in fabricarea materialelor plastice este naftul, un produs obținut in rafinăriile de petrol. Naftul este un amestec de diferite molecule de hidrocarburi. Acest amestec este adus la temperaturi înalte in prezenta vaporilor de apă, ceea ce provoacă ruperea moleculelor de hidrocarbură și obținerea de molecule mai mici, molecule de etilenă. Etilena este molecula pe care se bazează întreaga industrie a maselor plastice. Există două mari familii de materiale plastice: materiale termoplastice și cele termorigide. Prima categorie cuprinde plastice care se topesc daca sunt încălzite, unele chiar de la 70°C, altele înspre 120°C. Atunci când sunt fierbinți și lichide, aceste materiale pot fi turnate in forme sau extrudate, adică trase în fire sau foi. Răcindu-se, materialele termoplastice se solidifică și își păstrează noua formă. Aceste materiale plastice sunt folosite in special pentru fabricarea obiectelor in serie, cum ar fi sticle, găleți,etc. În schimb cele termorigide se întăresc la căldură. Astfel, ele sunt mulate la rece pe formele dorite apoi sunt încălzite pentru a se întări. Sau pot fi lăsate să se întărească după ce li se adaugă un produs special. Plasticele termorigide se folosesc la fabricarea obiectelor prelucrate manual sau a celor care necesită o fabricație îngrijită. Așa se fabrică ambarcațiunile, piesele de caroserie, barele de protecție etc. În industrie se utilizează două procedee de tragere în formă a obiectelor din plastic.</p> <p>Suflarea este folosită pentru fabricarea obiectelor care au interiorul gol, cum sunt mingile, flacoanele, sticlele, popicele. Materia plastică încălzită coboară în formă, în care se injectează apoi aer. Aceasta are ca efect întinderea materialului cald pe pereții interiori ai formei.</p> <p>Metoda cea mai utilizată este însă injectarea. Este folosită mai ales pentru fabricarea obiectelor cum sunt pieptenii, periuțele de dinți, ustensilele de bucătărie. Materia plastică intră sub forma de granule într-o mașină de injectare. Prin încălzire, ea este transformată într-o pastă mai mult sau mai puțin groasă, care este apoi injectata în formă și răcită printr-un circuit de apă. Masele plastice sunt folosite, cu mici excepții, în toate domeniile de activitate. Această performanță de pătrundere în mai toate sectoarele de activitate se datorează proprietăților lor de neegalat vis-a-vis de celelalte materiale: sunt anticorosive, electroizolante, au greutăți specifice mici, au proprietăți mecanice bune, cost scăzut, aspect exterior plăcut, se pot prelucra atât pe cale mecanică tradițională cât și prin procedee specifice cum ar fi injecția lor, se pot acoperi cu vopsea sau prin galvanizări, permițând în felul acesta să capete aspectul dorit de către proiectant. Există însă și unele proprietăți care fac dezavantajoasă utilizarea maselor plastice, cum ar fi micșorarea rezistenței mecanice cu creșterea temperaturii, coeficientul de dilatare mare, coeficientul de transmiterea căldurii mic, etc.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Avantaje">Avantaje</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Plastic&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Avantaje" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:BMW_H2R_IAA_2005.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/BMW_H2R_IAA_2005.jpg/220px-BMW_H2R_IAA_2005.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2347" data-file-height="1284"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/BMW_H2R_IAA_2005.jpg/220px-BMW_H2R_IAA_2005.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/BMW_H2R_IAA_2005.jpg/330px-BMW_H2R_IAA_2005.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/BMW_H2R_IAA_2005.jpg/440px-BMW_H2R_IAA_2005.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> BMW H2R cu caroserie din fibră de carbon întărită </figcaption> </figure> <p>Aceste piese executate din mase plastice prezintă următoarele avantaje:</p> <ul> <li>Nu necesită prelucrări ulterioare și pot avea o formă suficient de complicată.</li> <li>Permit executarea de găuri și adâncituri în orice secțiune, precum și presarea de filete.</li> <li>Pot fi metalizate (numai ABS-ul natur), metalizarea fiind o acoperire galvanică și poate fi efectuată în diferite variante de culori, în variantă mată sau lucioasă.</li> <li>Aspectul piesei este plăcut, designerul reușind să-și impună cu ușurință punctul de vedere, întrucât se poate realiza orice cerință estetică: joc de umbră și lumină prin alternări de suprafețe mate și suprafețe lucioase, suprafețe în relief sau în adâncime, suprafețe striate sau cu rizuri, etc.</li> <li>Piesele rezultate se pot obține într-o mare varietate de culori, ce pot fi: obișnuite și metalizate. Aceste culori fie că se realizează conform mostrarului de culori transmis de către fabricantul de masă plastică, fie că este creat un mostrar nou de către designer împreună cu tehnologul de masă plastică.</li> <li>Piesele din mase plastice se pot vopsi (de regulă se preferă ca vopsirea să aibă loc în aceeași culoare ca masa plastică, astfel încât dacă piesa este zgâriată, sau prin frecare se îndepărtează stratul de vopsea, să nu fie vizibil acest defect de discontinuitate a stratului de vopsea).</li> <li>Se pot efectua injecții de două sau trei mase plastice de diferite culori, în vederea obținerii de diverse efecte estetice sau având ca scop obținerea de piese cu rezistență la uzură mai mare (vezi cazul tastaturii de calculator), sau cu alte scopuri.</li> <li>Un mare avantaj al maselor plastice constă în faptul că acestea pot fi înfoliate. Această operație constă în acoperirea la cald, prin presare, a suprafețelor în relief (în jurul acestor suprafețe nu trebuie să existe alte porțiuni de suprafețe care să fie la aceeași cotă sau la o cotă peste nivelul celei ce urmează a fi înfoliate, deoarece fie se obține înfolierea unor zone ce nu au fost indicate de către designer, fie se deformează zonele ce depășesc cota respectivă, fie înfolierea nu va fi de calitate). Aceste folii pot fi mate sau lucioase, pot fi albe, negre, imitație furnir, argintii, aurii, sau în diferite alte culori.</li> <li>Inscripționarea pieselor din mase plastice se poate efectua fie direct din sculă, fie aplicându-se ornamente din metal (aluminiu, oțel laminat, etc.) sau din masă plastică. Inscripționarea din sculă se realizează fie prin efecte speciale (joc de umbră și lumină care se realizează prin porțiuni alternante de suprafețe mate și lucioase, sau prin alternări de suprafețe striate cu porțiuni mate, sau cașerate, etc.) Un alt procedeu de inscripționare este cel rezultat din sculă (deci direct din injecție), aceasta nemaifiind la același nivel, ci în relief sau în adâncime. Inscripționarea este rodul activității creatoare a designerului, el fiind cel care va hotărî caracterul, modul de inscripționare sau dacă aceasta urmează a fi înnobilată prin înfoliere sau nu.</li> <li>Un alt procedeu de inscripționare a maselor plastice este acela prin serigrafie, după desenul ciocan executat de către designer, cu ajutorul sitelor serigrafice și în varianta de culori serigrafice indicată de designer.</li> <li>Piesele din mase plastice se pot asambla mecanic cu ajutorul șuruburilor și piulițelor, cu ajutorul șuruburilor autofiletante ( se pot executa în masa plastică bosaje, ce sunt niște găuri normalizate în funcție de dimensiunea șurubului ), cu clicuri elastice, popici elastici, prin presare, prin bercluire, profile conjugate, prin lipire cu ajutorul adezivilor, etc.</li> <li>Se pot utiliza și în cazul creării de produse din materiale mixte, permițând asamblarea cu: lemnul, sticla, cauciucul, metalul, etc.</li> <li>Se pot utiliza în situații în care se dorește reducerea frecării, ele comportându-se bine chiar și în absența lubrifiantului. Astfel există situații în care se execută piese ce urmează a efectua mișcări de rotații sau de translații ( roți dințate, lagăre, etc.), fie ca elemente cinematice de interior fie ca elemente de antrenare, de comandă (manete, butoane, volane, pedale).</li> <li>Acolo unde din motive de rezistență sau în vederea realizării unor contacte electrice se impune utilizarea de piese metalice, se pot executa piese mixte, prin injecție de masă plastică pe reperul din metal.</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Recomandări_la_proiectare_și_prelucrare"><span id="Recomand.C4.83ri_la_proiectare_.C8.99i_prelucrare"></span>Recomandări la proiectare și prelucrare</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Plastic&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Recomandări la proiectare și prelucrare" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <p>Din prezentarea avantajelor făcută se observă că aceste materiale permit desfășurarea imaginației creative a designerului fără prea mari restricții. Totuși aceste materiale presupun o cunoaștere și o stăpânire a posibilităților lor tehnologice. Se impune ca o necesitate, marcarea de către proiectant a suprafețelor cu rol estetic, sau care presupun finisaje suplimentare, sau care nu admit defecte de injecție sau alte tipuri de defecte ce pot afecta suprafața respectivă a produsului. Din punct de vedere al formei există recomandări vizând prelucrarea maselor plastice de care proiectantul trebuie să țină cont:</p> <ul> <li>Piesa se va proiecta cu o grosime uniformă de perete, ceea ce contribuie atât la creșterea productivității cât și la eliminarea concentratorilor de material sau de temperatură, concentratori ce pot introduce defecte de execuție ale reperului respectiv. Grosimea minimă a pereților unui reper din masă plastică poate fi S=0,5÷2 mm.</li> <li>Piesele se pot proiecta fie cu muchii vii, fie cu raze de racordare, ultima fiind de preferat din punct de vedere al execuției sculei. Ținând cont că sculele pentru reperele prevăzute cu raze de racordare se execută mai ușor, se va ține cont la proiectarea reperelor de o rază minimă de racordare necesară ρ=(0,3 ÷0,4)S (S=grosimea peretelui piesei; ρ=raza de racordare). Sculele pentru realizarea pieselor care nu au prevăzute raze de racordare, se vor executa din bacuri.</li> <li>În vederea extracției piesei din sculă, aceasta va fi prevăzută cu o înclinație a pereților în funcție de grosimea acestora: pentru piesele cu o grosime mai mare de S≥10mm, înclinația va fi de la 2’ până la 20÷30; pentru piesele cu o grosime a pereților S <10mm , se pot admite și pereți fără înclinări (unghiuri de extracție).</li> <li>Pentru evitarea defectelor ce pot apărea datorită răcirii necorespunzătoare a pieselor, acestea, după scoaterea din sculă (dacă scula nu este termostatată, caz în care scula nu injectează decât dacă a atins prin încălzire temperatura de injecție prescrisă în regimul de injecție, și nu permite extracția piesei injectate decât când aceasta a atins temperatura la care nu există riscul deformării piesei), se răcesc fie pe un calapod, fie sunt prevăzute prin construcție cu nervuri de rigidizare.</li> <li>Se recomandă ca grosimea pereților interiori să fie egali cu S/2 (deci cu jumătate din grosimea peretelui de bază), pentru a nu introduce concentratori de tensiune și de temperatură. Este cazul nervurilor: de rigidizare, tehnologice,sau de construcție.</li> <li>Se preferă ca piesele prevăzute cu filet, să aibă pasul mai mare sau egal cu1mm. De asemenea, dacă piesa este prevăzută cu găuri, filetate sau nefiletate, acestea nu vor fi prevăzute la extremitățile piesei sau în vecinătatea pereților piesei, pentru a nu introduce eventualele situații favorabile aparițiilor defectelor de injecție.</li> <li>Se recomandă ca în vederea eliminării tensiunilor interne și evitării deformațiilor, piesa să fie supusă unui tratament de îmbătrânire la o temperatură de 80 ÷100 C, timp de câteva ore.</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Defecte_posibile">Defecte posibile</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Plastic&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Defecte posibile" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <p>În urma procesului de injecție pot apărea o serie de defecte care se datorează fie unor greșeli de proiectare, fie nerespectării parametrilor regimului de injecție (presiune, temperatură). Aceste defecte pot fi: supturi, retasuri, flori de gheață, injecții incomplete, deformări, etc. Defectele care apar pot fi corectate fie printr-un regim de injecție corect stabilit și aplicat, fie cu ajutorul proiectantului, prin stabilirea unei forme care să prevină apariția defectelor. Dacă aceste defecte nu mai pot fi prevenite, se poate interveni asupra respectivelor repere cu ajutorul designerului. Astfel acesta poate interveni cu finisaje suplimentare în funcție de defect (aceste măsuri se pot lua încă din faza de proiectare, având o experiență a comportării materialului): ornamente, vopsiri, inscripționări, cașerări, etc. În funcție de forma și gabaritul reperului, designerul împreună cu tehnologul vor hotărî asupra caracteristicilor sculei de injecție: locul și modul de injecție (centrală sau punctiformă), poziția planului de separare, dacă sunt necesare bacuri și pozițiile acestora, etc.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Domenii_de_utilizare">Domenii de utilizare</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Plastic&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Domenii de utilizare" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <p>Masele plastice se pot utiliza cu succes: în industria grea, industria constructoare de mașini, aeronautică, industria alimentară (ambalaje, vafe, cutii, etc.),industria ușoară (bunuri de larg consum, jucării, etc.), industria farmaceutică (seringi de unică folosință, capsule și ambalaje, etc.) și multe altele.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Reciclare">Reciclare</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Plastic&action=edit&section=10&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Reciclare" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <p>Descompunerea naturală a plasticului în mediul înconjurător necesită peste 500 de ani din cauza materialelor care îl alcătuiesc<sup id="cite_ref-e2010-08-18_8-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plastic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-e2010-08-18-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Cu fiecare tonă de plastic reciclat se economisesc între 700 și 800 kg de petrol brut<sup id="cite_ref-e2010-08-18_8-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plastic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-e2010-08-18-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Vezi_și"><span id="Vezi_.C8.99i"></span>Vezi și</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Plastic&action=edit&section=11&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Vezi și" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <div class="div-col columns column-count column-count-3" style="-moz-column-count: 3; -webkit-column-count: 3; column-count: 3;"> <ul> <li><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bioplastice?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bioplastice">Bioplastice</a></li> <li><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chimia_polimerilor?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chimia polimerilor">Chimia polimerilor</a></li> <li><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/De%C8%99eu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Deșeu">Deșeu</a></li> <li><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gestionarea_de%C8%99eurilor?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gestionarea deșeurilor">Gestionarea deșeurilor</a></li> <li><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marea_Insul%C4%83_de_Gunoaie_din_Pacific?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marea Insulă de Gunoaie din Pacific">Marea Insulă de Gunoaie din Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Microplastic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Microplastic">Microplastic</a></li> <li><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plastifiant?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Plastifiant">Plastifiant</a></li> <li><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plastilin%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Plastilină">Plastilină</a></li> <li><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plastina%C8%9Bie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Plastinație">Plastinație</a></li> <li><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plastisol?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Plastisol">Plastisol</a></li> <li><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reciclarea_plasticului?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Reciclarea plasticului">Reciclarea plasticului</a></li> <li><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Termoplastic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Termoplastic">Termoplastic</a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Referințe"><span id="Referin.C8.9Be"></span>Referințe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Plastic&action=edit&section=12&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Referințe" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plastic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20100317004747/http://www.americanchemistry.com/s_plastics/doc.asp?CID%3D1571%26DID%3D5972">Life cycle of a plastic product</a>. Americanchemistry.com. Retrieved on 2011-07-01.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Landmark-2"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plastic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Landmark_2-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">American Chemical Society National Historic Chemical Landmarks. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/education/whatischemistry/landmarks/bakelite.html">„Bakelite: The World's First Synthetic Plastic”</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2015-02-23">23 februarie 2015</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bakelite%3A+The+World%E2%80%99s+First+Synthetic+Plastic&rft.au=American+Chemical+Society+National+Historic+Chemical+Landmarks&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.acs.org%2Fcontent%2Facs%2Fen%2Feducation%2Fwhatischemistry%2Flandmarks%2Fbakelite.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APlastic" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16236537">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"„""”""«""»"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style></span></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plastic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-3">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Edgar, David; Edgar, Robin (<time datetime="2009-01-01">1 ianuarie 2009</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D_9WGar3yxsAC%26pg%3DPA11%26lpg%3DPA11%26dq%3DBaekeland%2520coined%26source%3Dbl%26ots%3DBzh2tQiWZ3%26sig%3DoSCBIHStsXoq9pUzjOmc38tasNM%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26ei%3D4Uz9VIikL8ugyASE2oCgDw%26ved%3D0CCEQ6AEwAQ%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DBaekeland%2520coined%26f%3Dfalse">„Fantastic Recycled Plastic: 30 Clever Creations to Spark Your Imagination”</a>. Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fantastic+Recycled+Plastic%3A+30+Clever+Creations+to+Spark+Your+Imagination&rft.pub=Sterling+Publishing+Company%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2009-01-01&rft.aulast=Edgar&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Edgar%2C+Robin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_9WGar3yxsAC%26pg%3DPA11%26lpg%3DPA11%26dq%3DBaekeland%2520coined%26source%3Dbl%26ots%3DBzh2tQiWZ3%26sig%3DoSCBIHStsXoq9pUzjOmc38tasNM%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26ei%3D4Uz9VIikL8ugyASE2oCgDw%26ved%3D0CCEQ6AEwAQ%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DBaekeland%2520coined%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APlastic" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-4"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plastic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-4">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Teegarden, David M. (<time datetime="2004-01-01">1 ianuarie 2004</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D0qFQ5OuKoy8C%26pg%3DPA58%26dq%3D%2522father%2520of%2520polymer%2522%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26ei%3D90f9VMuMDob2yQS404HYDg%26ved%3D0CB4Q6AEwAA%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%2522father%2520of%2520polymer%2522%26f%3Dfalse">„Polymer Chemistry: Introduction to an Indispensable Science”</a>. NSTA Press – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Polymer+Chemistry%3A+Introduction+to+an+Indispensable+Science&rft.pub=NSTA+Press&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.aulast=Teegarden&rft.aufirst=David+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0qFQ5OuKoy8C%26pg%3DPA58%26dq%3D%2522father%2520of%2520polymer%2522%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26ei%3D90f9VMuMDob2yQS404HYDg%26ved%3D0CB4Q6AEwAA%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%2522father%2520of%2520polymer%2522%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APlastic" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-5"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plastic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-5">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Ebbing, Darrell; Gammon, Steven D. (<time datetime="2016-01-01">1 ianuarie 2016</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/?id%3DBnccCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA52%26dq%3Dmost%2Bplastics%2Bcontain%2Borganic%2Bcompounds%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dmost%2520plastics%2520contain%2520organic%2520compounds%26f%3Dfalse"><i>General Chemistry</i></a> (în engleză). Cengage Learning. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/9781305887299?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/9781305887299">9781305887299</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=General+Chemistry&rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&rft.date=2016-01-01&rft.isbn=9781305887299&rft.aulast=Ebbing&rft.aufirst=Darrell&rft.au=Gammon%2C+Steven+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DBnccCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA52%26dq%3Dmost%2Bplastics%2Bcontain%2Borganic%2Bcompounds%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dmost%2520plastics%2520contain%2520organic%2520compounds%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APlastic" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-6"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plastic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-6">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://dwb.unl.edu/Teacher/NSF/C06/C06Links/qlink.queensu.ca/~6jrt/chem210/Page3.html">Classification of Plastics</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20071215124919/http://dwb.unl.edu/Teacher/NSF/C06/C06Links/qlink.queensu.ca/~6jrt/chem210/Page3.html">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2007-12-15">15 decembrie 2007</time>, la <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. Dwb.unl.edu. Retrieved on 2011-07-01.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-7"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plastic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-7">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.pcn.org/Technical%2520Notes%2520-%2520Periodic%2520Table%2520of%2520Polymers.htm">Periodic Table of Polymers</a> Dr Robin Kent – Tangram Technology Ltd.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-e2010-08-18-8">^ <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plastic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-e2010-08-18_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plastic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-e2010-08-18_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.evz.ro/detalii/stiri/nereciclat-plasticul-omoara-natura-889858.html">Nereciclat, plasticul omoară natura</a>, 24 iunie 2010, evz.ro, accesat la 18 august 2010</span></li> </ol> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Legături_externe"><span id="Leg.C4.83turi_externe"></span>Legături externe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Plastic&action=edit&section=13&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Legături externe" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <ul> <li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba română">ro</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://maseplasticebucuresti.blogspot.ro/2015/06/cronologia-maselor-plastice.html">Cronologia maselor plastice</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Commons-logo.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 12px;height: 16px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-width="12" data-height="16" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> Materiale media legate de <span class="plainlinks"><b><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Plastics?uselang%3Dro">Masă plastică</a></b></span> la <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a></li> <li><span class="plainlinks">„<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://dexonline.ro/definitie/Plastic">Plastic</a>” la <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/DEX_online?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="DEX online">DEX online</a></span></li> </ul>   </section> </div> <noscript> <img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=mobile" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> Adus de la <a dir="ltr" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DPlastic%26oldid%3D16299147">https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Plastic&oldid=16299147</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Plastic&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="Padureanca" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1716204786"> <span>Ultima modificare pe 20 mai 2024, la 13:33</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Limbi</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastiek" title="Plastiek – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Plastiek" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunststoff" title="Kunststoff – germană (Elveția)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Kunststoff" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="germană (Elveția)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastico" title="Plastico – aragoneză" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Plastico" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2584%25D8%25AF%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A6%25D9%2586" title="لدائن – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لدائن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%25BE%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA%25D9%258A%25D9%2583" title="پلاستيك – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="پلاستيك" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%25AA%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25B2%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25B7%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%259F%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%2595" title="প্লাষ্টিক – asameză" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="প্লাষ্টিক" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="asameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pl%25C3%25A1sticu" title="Plásticu – asturiană" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Plásticu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastmas" title="Plastmas – azeră" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Plastmas" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%25BE%25DB%258C%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA%25DB%258C%25DA%25A9" title="پیلاستیک – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="پیلاستیک" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259F%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D1%2581%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580" title="Пластмассалар – bașkiră" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Пластмассалар" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bașkiră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastik" title="Plastik – balineză" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Plastik" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunststoff" title="Kunststoff – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Kunststoff" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmas%25C4%2597" title="Plasmasė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Plasmasė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259F%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D1%258B" title="Пластмасы – belarusă" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Пластмасы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259F%25D0%25BB%25D1%258F%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D0%25B0" title="Плястмаса – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Плястмаса" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259F%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D0%25B0" title="Пластмаса – bulgară" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Пластмаса" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AA%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%259F%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%2595" title="प्लास्टिक – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="प्लास्टिक" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panyu" title="Panyu – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Panyu" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%25AA%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25B2%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25B8%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%259F%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%2595" title="প্লাস্টিক – bengaleză" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্লাস্টিক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastik" title="Plastik – bretonă" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Plastik" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastika" title="Plastika – bosniacă" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Plastika" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pl%25C3%25A0stic" title="Plàstic – catalană" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Plàstic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%25C3%25B3-l%25C3%25A2iu" title="Só-lâiu – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Só-lâiu" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259F%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D1%2581%25D0%25B0%25D1%2588" title="Пластмассаш – cecenă" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Пластмассаш" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="cecenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%258F%258D%25E1%258F%2593%25E1%258E%25AA%25E1%258E%25A2" title="ᏍᏓᎪᎢ – cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏍᏓᎪᎢ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%25BE%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA%25DB%258C%25DA%25A9" title="پلاستیک – kurdă centrală" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پلاستیک" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdă centrală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plast" title="Plast – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Plast" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastig" title="Plastig – galeză" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Plastig" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plast" title="Plast – daneză" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Plast" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunststoff" title="Kunststoff – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kunststoff" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%25A0%25CE%25BB%25CE%25B1%25CF%2583%25CF%2584%25CE%25B9%25CE%25BA%25CF%258C" title="Πλαστικό – greacă" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πλαστικό" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastic" title="Plastic – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Plastic" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasto" title="Plasto – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Plasto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pl%25C3%25A1stico" title="Plástico – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Plástico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastid" title="Plastid – estonă" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Plastid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastiko" title="Plastiko – bască" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Plastiko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bască" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%25C3%25A1ticu" title="Práticu – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Práticu" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%25BE%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA%25DB%258C%25DA%25A9" title="پلاستیک – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پلاستیک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muovi" title="Muovi – finlandeză" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Muovi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palasitika" title="Palasitika – fijiană" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Palasitika" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="fijiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mati%25C3%25A8re_plastique" title="Matière plastique – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Matière plastique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%25C3%25B6nststof" title="Könststof – frizonă nordică" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Könststof" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frizonă nordică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plestik" title="Plestik – frizonă occidentală" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Plestik" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frizonă occidentală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaisteach" title="Plaisteach – irlandeză" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Plaisteach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%25A1%2591%25E6%2596%2599" title="塑料 – chineză gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="塑料" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="chineză gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maty%25C3%25A8r_plastik" title="Matyèr plastik – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Matyèr plastik" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastaig" title="Plastaig – gaelică scoțiană" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Plastaig" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelică scoțiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pl%25C3%25A1stico" title="Plástico – galiciană" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Plástico" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ap%25E1%25BB%25B9ipenga" title="Apỹipenga – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Apỹipenga" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%25A4%25D7%259C%25D7%25A1%25D7%2598%25D7%2599%25D7%25A7" title="פלסטיק – ebraică" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פלסטיק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AA%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%259F%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%2595" title="प्लास्टिक – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="प्लास्टिक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastic" title="Plastic – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Plastic" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastika" title="Plastika – croată" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Plastika" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastik" title="Plastik – haitiană" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Plastik" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%25C5%25B1anyag" title="Műanyag – maghiară" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Műanyag" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maghiară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D5%258A%25D5%25AC%25D5%25A1%25D5%25BD%25D5%25BF%25D5%25B4%25D5%25A1%25D5%25BD%25D5%25BD%25D5%25A1" title="Պլաստմասսա – armeană" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պլաստմասսա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastico" title="Plastico – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Plastico" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastik" title="Plastik – indoneziană" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Plastik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastik" title="Plastik – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Plastik" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastiko" title="Plastiko – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Plastiko" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plast" title="Plast – islandeză" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Plast" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materie_plastiche" title="Materie plastiche – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Materie plastiche" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastik" title="Plastik – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Plastik" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastik" title="Plastik – javaneză" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Plastik" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%25C5%258B%25C5%258Bwana" title="Aŋŋwana – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Aŋŋwana" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259F%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D1%2581%25D0%25B0" title="Пластмасса – kazahă" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Пластмасса" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazahă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B2%25AA%25E0%25B3%258D%25E0%25B2%25B2%25E0%25B2%25BE%25E0%25B2%25B8%25E0%25B3%258D%25E0%25B2%259F%25E0%25B2%25BF%25E0%25B2%2595%25E0%25B3%258D" title="ಪ್ಲಾಸ್ಟಿಕ್ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪ್ಲಾಸ್ಟಿಕ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25ED%2594%258C%25EB%259D%25BC%25EC%258A%25A4%25ED%258B%25B1" title="플라스틱 – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="플라스틱" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plast%25C3%25AEk" title="Plastîk – kurdă" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Plastîk" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastek" title="Plastek – cornică" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Plastek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259F%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D1%2581%25D0%25B0" title="Пластмасса – kârgâză" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Пластмасса" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kârgâză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastica_(materia)" title="Plastica (materia) – latină" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Plastica (materia)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latină" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastik" title="Plastik – luxemburgheză" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Plastik" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%25C3%25B3nsstof" title="Kónsstof – limburgheză" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Kónsstof" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastega" title="Plastega – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Plastega" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25BA%259B%25E0%25BA%25B0%25E0%25BA%25A5%25E0%25BA%25B2%25E0%25BA%25AA%25E0%25BA%25B0%25E0%25BA%2595%25E0%25BA%25B4%25E0%25BA%2581" title="ປະລາສະຕິກ – laoțiană" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະລາສະຕິກ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laoțiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastikas" title="Plastikas – lituaniană" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Plastikas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastmasas" title="Plastmasas – letonă" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Plastmasas" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastik" title="Plastik – madureză" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Plastik" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="madureză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastika" title="Plastika – malgașă" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Plastika" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgașă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastik" title="Plastik – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Plastik" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259F%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0" title="Пластика – macedoneană" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Пластика" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoneană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B4%25AA%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25B2%25E0%25B4%25BE%25E0%25B4%25B8%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25B1%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25B1%25E0%25B4%25BF%25E0%25B4%2595%25E0%25B5%258D" title="പ്ലാസ്റ്റിക് – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പ്ലാസ്റ്റിക്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A5%25D1%2583%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580" title="Хуванцар – mongolă" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хуванцар" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AA%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%259F%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%2595" title="प्लास्टिक – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="प्लास्टिक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastik" title="Plastik – malaeză" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Plastik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pl%25C3%25A1stico" title="Plástico – mirandeză" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Plástico" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%2595%25E1%2580%259C%25E1%2580%2590%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%2585%25E1%2580%2590%25E1%2580%2585%25E1%2580%25BA" title="ပလတ်စတစ် – birmană" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ပလတ်စတစ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A2%25D9%25BE%25DA%2586%25DB%258C%25D9%2586" title="آپچین – mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="آپچین" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunststoff" title="Kunststoff – germana de jos" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Kunststoff" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="germana de jos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AA%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%259F%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%2595" title="प्लास्टिक – nepaleză" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="प्लास्टिक" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AA%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%259F%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%2595" title="प्लास्टिक – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="प्लास्टिक" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunststof" title="Kunststof – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kunststof" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plast" title="Plast – norvegiană nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Plast" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegiană nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plast" title="Plast – norvegiană bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Plast" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegiană bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastic" title="Plastic – occitană" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Plastic" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A8%25AA%25E0%25A8%25B2%25E0%25A8%25BE%25E0%25A8%25B8%25E0%25A8%259F%25E0%25A8%25BF%25E0%25A8%2595" title="ਪਲਾਸਟਿਕ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪਲਾਸਟਿਕ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tworzywa_sztuczne" title="Tworzywa sztuczne – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tworzywa sztuczne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%25BE%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B3%25D9%25B9%25DA%25A9" title="پلاسٹک – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پلاسٹک" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pl%25C3%25A1stico" title="Plástico – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Plástico" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llirpu" title="Llirpu – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Llirpu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259F%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D1%2581%25D1%258B" title="Пластмассы – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пластмассы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastica" title="Plastica – siciliană" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Plastica" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastic" title="Plastic – scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Plastic" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%25BE%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B3%25D9%25BD%25DA%25AA" title="پلاسٽڪ – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="پلاسٽڪ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastika" title="Plastika – sârbo-croată" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Plastika" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="sârbo-croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B6%25B4%25E0%25B7%258A%25E0%25B6%25BD%25E0%25B7%258F%25E0%25B7%2583%25E0%25B7%258A%25E0%25B6%25A7%25E0%25B7%2592%25E0%25B6%259A%25E0%25B7%258A" title="ප්ලාස්ටික් – singhaleză" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ප්ලාස්ටික්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singhaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastic" title="Plastic – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Plastic" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plast" title="Plast – slovacă" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Plast" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastika" title="Plastika – slovenă" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Plastika" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caag" title="Caag – somaleză" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Caag" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastika" title="Plastika – albaneză" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Plastika" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259F%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0" title="Пластика – sârbă" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Пластика" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sârbă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palastik" title="Palastik – sundaneză" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Palastik" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plast" title="Plast – suedeză" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Plast" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastiki" title="Plastiki – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Plastiki" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AE%25A8%25E0%25AF%2586%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AE%25BF%25E0%25AE%25B4%25E0%25AE%25BF" title="நெகிழி – tamilă" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நெகிழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B0%25AA%25E0%25B1%258D%25E0%25B0%25B2%25E0%25B0%25BE%25E0%25B0%25B8%25E0%25B1%258D%25E0%25B0%259F%25E0%25B0%25BF%25E0%25B0%2595%25E0%25B1%258D" title="ప్లాస్టిక్ – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ప్లాస్టిక్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B8%259E%25E0%25B8%25A5%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%25AA%25E0%25B8%2595%25E0%25B8%25B4%25E0%25B8%2581" title="พลาสติก – thailandeză" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พลาสติก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastik" title="Plastik – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Plastik" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastik" title="Plastik – turcă" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Plastik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="articol bun"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259F%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D1%2581%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580" title="Пластмассалар – tătară" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Пластмассалар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tătară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259F%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D0%25B8" title="Пластмаси – ucraineană" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Пластмаси" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraineană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%25BE%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B3%25D9%25B9%25DA%25A9" title="پلاسٹک – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پلاسٹک" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastik_materiallar" title="Plastik materiallar – uzbecă" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Plastik materiallar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pl%25C3%25A0stega" title="Plàstega – venetă" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Plàstega" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venetă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastmassad" title="Plastmassad – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Plastmassad" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%25E1%25BA%25A5t_d%25E1%25BA%25BBo" title="Chất dẻo – vietnameză" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chất dẻo" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastiek" title="Plastiek – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Plastiek" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastike" title="Plastike – valonă" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Plastike" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastik" title="Plastik – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Plastik" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%25A1%2591%25E6%2596%2599" title="塑料 – chineză wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="塑料" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chineză wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-plastiki" title="I-plastiki – xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="I-plastiki" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%25A4%25D7%259C%25D7%2590%25D7%25A1%25D7%2598%25D7%2599%25D7%25A7" title="פלאסטיק – idiș" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פלאסטיק" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="idiș" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%25A1%2591%25E6%2596%2599" title="塑料 – chineză" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="塑料" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sok-ka" title="Sok-ka – chineză min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Sok-ka" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="chineză min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%25A1%2591%25E8%2586%25A0" title="塑膠 – cantoneză" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="塑膠" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ucwazi" title="Ucwazi – zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Ucwazi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod">Ultima editare a paginii a fost efectuată la 20 mai 2024, ora 13:33.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Conținutul este disponibil sub <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ro">CC BY-SA 4.0</a>, exceptând cazurile în care se specifică altfel.</li> </ul> <ul 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