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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%; background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div style="display:inline-block" class="fn">Joseph Whidbey</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;; line-height: 1.5em"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:A_Portrait_of_Joseph_Whidbey.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/A_Portrait_of_Joseph_Whidbey.jpg/220px-A_Portrait_of_Joseph_Whidbey.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="319" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/A_Portrait_of_Joseph_Whidbey.jpg/330px-A_Portrait_of_Joseph_Whidbey.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/A_Portrait_of_Joseph_Whidbey.jpg/440px-A_Portrait_of_Joseph_Whidbey.jpg 2x" data-file-width="596" data-file-height="864" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="font-size: 100%">A Portrait of Joseph Whidbey</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">1757</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">9 October 1833</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> United Kingdom</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Service <wbr />/ branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1779–1830</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Joseph Whidbey</b> <a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">FRS</a> (1757 – 9 October 1833) was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> who served on the <a href="/wiki/Vancouver_Expedition" title="Vancouver Expedition">Vancouver Expedition</a> 1791–95, and later achieved renown as a naval engineer.<sup id="cite_ref-naish_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-naish-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is notable for having been the first European to discover and chart <a href="/wiki/Admiralty_Island" title="Admiralty Island">Admiralty Island</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Archipelago" title="Alexander Archipelago">Alexander Archipelago</a> in <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a> in 1794.<sup id="cite_ref-Vancouver1801_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vancouver1801-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Little is recorded of Whidbey's life before his warranting as a <a href="/wiki/Sailing_master" class="mw-redirect" title="Sailing master">sailing master</a> in 1779. After years of service during the <a href="/wiki/War_of_American_Independence" class="mw-redirect" title="War of American Independence">War of American Independence</a>, he received a peacetime appointment to <a href="/wiki/HMS_Europa_(1783)" title="HMS Europa (1783)">HMS <i>Europa</i></a>, where with then-Lieutenant <a href="/wiki/George_Vancouver" title="George Vancouver">George Vancouver</a>, he conducted a detailed survey of <a href="/wiki/Port_Royal" title="Port Royal">Port Royal</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a>. </p><p><i>Europa</i> <a href="/wiki/Ship_decommissioning" class="mw-redirect" title="Ship decommissioning">paid off</a>, but Whidbey soon gained a berth, along with Vancouver, in the newly built <a href="/wiki/HMS_Discovery_(1789)" title="HMS Discovery (1789)">HMS <i>Discovery</i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-discovery_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-discovery-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/Nootka_Crisis" title="Nootka Crisis">Nootka Crisis</a>, both men were transferred to <a href="/wiki/French_ship_Courageux_(1753)" title="French ship Courageux (1753)">HMS <i>Courageux</i></a>, but returned to <i>Discovery</i> and departed for the northwest coast of America. </p><p>In 1792, Whidbey accompanied Lieutenant <a href="/wiki/Peter_Puget" title="Peter Puget">Peter Puget</a> in small boats to explore what was later named <a href="/wiki/Puget_Sound" title="Puget Sound">Puget Sound</a> in <a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington state</a>. On 2 June, the team discovered <a href="/wiki/Deception_Pass" title="Deception Pass">Deception Pass</a>, establishing the insularity of the Sound's largest island, which Vancouver named <a href="/wiki/Whidbey_Island" title="Whidbey Island">Whidbey Island</a>. </p><p>Upon <i>Discovery</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s return to England, Whidbey served briefly in <a href="/wiki/HMS_Sans_Pareil_(1794)" title="HMS Sans Pareil (1794)">HMS <i>Sans Pareil</i></a>, but eventually turned to a shoreside career. In 1799, the then <a href="/wiki/Viscount_St_Vincent" title="Viscount St Vincent">Earl St Vincent</a> commissioned him to make a feasibility study of making <a href="/wiki/Tor_Bay" title="Tor Bay">Tor Bay</a> a fleet anchorage; Whidbey recommended this be done by building a great <a href="/wiki/Breakwater_(structure)" title="Breakwater (structure)">breakwater</a>. Surviving correspondence suggests that around this time he apparently struck up a lifelong friendly and professional relationship with the engineer <a href="/wiki/John_Rennie_(father)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Rennie (father)">John Rennie</a>. </p><p>Whidbey was appointed Master Attendant at <a href="/wiki/Sheerness" title="Sheerness">Sheerness</a> in 1799. His innovative salvage of the Dutch frigate ‘Ambuscade’ was the subject of a paper read to the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a> in 1803.<sup id="cite_ref-ambuscade_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ambuscade-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1804 he received the prestigious appointment as Master Attendant at <a href="/wiki/Woolwich" title="Woolwich">Woolwich</a>, one of the Royal Navy's greatest dockyards. In 1805, Whidbey became a Fellow of the Royal Society, sponsored by a long list of distinguished men of science: <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Dalrymple" title="Alexander Dalrymple">Alexander Dalrymple</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Rennell" title="James Rennell">James Rennell</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Marsden_(orientalist)" title="William Marsden (orientalist)">William Marsden</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Stanier_Clarke" title="James Stanier Clarke">James Stanier Clarke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sir_Gilbert_Blane" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Gilbert Blane">Sir Gilbert Blane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mark_Beaufoy" title="Mark Beaufoy">Mark Beaufoy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Huddart" title="Joseph Huddart">Joseph Huddart</a>, and John Rennie. </p><p>In 1806, as the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a> impended, Whidbey joined Rennie in planning the <a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Breakwater" title="Plymouth Breakwater">Plymouth Breakwater</a>, at St Vincent's request; in 1811 came the order to begin construction and Whidbey was appointed Acting Superintending Engineer. This task required great engineering, organizational and political skills, as the many strictly technical challenges were complicated by the significant resources devoted to the project, from which various parties evidenced a desire for advantage. Nearly 4,000,000 (four million) <i>tons</i> of stone were quarried and transported, using about a dozen ships innovatively designed by the two men. </p><p>Construction started on 8 August 1812; it was sufficiently completed by 1814 to shelter ships of the line, although work continued for over 50 years. <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_I_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon I of France">Napoleon</a> was reported as commenting that it was a grand thing, as he passed by it on the way to exile on <a href="/wiki/St._Helena" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Helena">St. Helena</a> in 1815. </p><p>Whidbey continued to work on the breakwater and other engineering projects, including the breakwater's lighthouse (designed by <a href="/wiki/Trinity_House" title="Trinity House">Trinity House</a>), until retirement around 1830. His contribution to the Royal Society includes an 1817 paper on fossils found in the Plymouth quarries.<sup id="cite_ref-fossils_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fossils-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Character">Character</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Whidbey&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Character"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Records of the <a href="/wiki/Vancouver_Expedition" title="Vancouver Expedition">Vancouver Expedition</a> suggest that Whidbey was an expert and reliable seaman, entrusted with difficult tasks. However, upon his return to England, he provided testimony for <a href="/wiki/Sir_Joseph_Banks" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Joseph Banks">Sir Joseph Banks</a>' campaign against <a href="/wiki/George_Vancouver" title="George Vancouver">George Vancouver</a> (Whidbey was at the time competing with Vancouver for the pay accrued as Astronomer for the voyage.) Vancouver soon died, perhaps mooting difficulties in their relationship. </p><p>At any rate, Whidbey rose swiftly from his humble beginnings, undoubtedly due to his proven technical skill as much as to his connections. </p><p>Correspondence between Whidbey and <a href="/wiki/John_Rennie_the_Elder" title="John Rennie the Elder">John Rennie</a> suggests a close and honest working relationship, and an earthy sense of humour. For example, when Sir Francis Northwell pestered the two with the idea that a large hole in the floor of <a href="/wiki/Plymouth" title="Plymouth">Plymouth</a> bay might complicate construction, Whidbey wrote to Rennie that, should such a feature be discovered, it would be named <i>Lady Northwell's Hole</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Whidbey&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It is not thought that Whidbey married or had children. A copy of his will was discovered in 2022 and is now in the collection of the South Whidbey Historical Society.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The document suggests that Whidbey left his servants his wine and spirits. He bequeathed money to his niece, her daughter and his friends. Notably, the gift to his great-niece was sizeable and left with explicit directions that it should not go to her current or any future husband. Whidbey's house near Plymouth still stands, and is called Bovisand House. </p><p>Numerous features around Whidbey Island bear the Whidbey name, such as <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Whidbey_State_Park" title="Joseph Whidbey State Park">Joseph Whidbey State Park</a> and <a href="/wiki/Whidbey_Island_Naval_Air_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Whidbey Island Naval Air Station">Whidbey Island Naval Air Station</a>. From the latter comes the name of the <a href="/wiki/Whidbey_Island-class_dock_landing_ship" title="Whidbey Island-class dock landing ship"><i>Whidbey Island</i>-class dock landing ship</a>. In Britain, the Whidbey Automatic Light (Occulting Green) was constructed at the eastern end of <a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Sound" title="Plymouth Sound">Plymouth Sound</a> in 1980. </p><p>In what is now <a href="/wiki/South_Australia" title="South Australia">South Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Flinders" title="Matthew Flinders">Matthew Flinders</a> in February 1802 named the following geographical features "after my worthy friend, the former master-attendant at Sheerness" – the <a href="/wiki/Whidbey_Isles" class="mw-redirect" title="Whidbey Isles">Whidbey Isles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Point_Whidbey" title="Point Whidbey">Point Whidbey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Whidbey&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-naish-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-naish_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFNaish,_John1996" class="citation book cs1">Naish, John (1996). <i>The Interwoven Lives of George Vancouver, Archibald Menzies, Joseph Whidbey and Peter Puget: The Vancouver Voyage of 1791–1795</i>. The Edward Mellen Press, Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7734-8857-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-7734-8857-X"><bdi>0-7734-8857-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Interwoven+Lives+of+George+Vancouver%2C+Archibald+Menzies%2C+Joseph+Whidbey+and+Peter+Puget%3A+The+Vancouver+Voyage+of+1791%E2%80%931795&rft.pub=The+Edward+Mellen+Press%2C+Ltd.&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-7734-8857-X&rft.au=Naish%2C+John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Whidbey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vancouver1801-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Vancouver1801_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVancouver1801" class="citation book cs1">Vancouver, George, and John Vancouver (1801). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/avoyagediscover00vancgoog"><i>A voyage of discovery to the North Pacific ocean, and round the world</i></a>. London: J. Stockdale.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+voyage+of+discovery+to+the+North+Pacific+ocean%2C+and+round+the+world&rft.place=London&rft.pub=J.+Stockdale&rft.date=1801&rft.aulast=Vancouver&rft.aufirst=George%2C+and+John+Vancouver&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Favoyagediscover00vancgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Whidbey" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-discovery-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-discovery_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/mymhiwe:@field(DOCID+@lit(mymhiwef897p9m4div13))">"Muster Table of His Majesties Sloop The Discovery"</a>. Admiralty Records in the Public Record Office, U.K. 1791<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 December</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Muster+Table+of+His+Majesties+Sloop+The+Discovery&rft.pub=Admiralty+Records+in+the+Public+Record+Office%2C+U.K.&rft.date=1791&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmemory.loc.gov%2Fcgi-bin%2Fquery%2Fr%3Fammem%2Fmymhiwe%3A%40field%28DOCID%2B%40lit%28mymhiwef897p9m4div13%29%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Whidbey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ambuscade-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ambuscade_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoseph_Whidbey1803" class="citation journal cs1">Joseph Whidbey (1803). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/philtrans04279656">"An Account of the Sinking of the Dutch Frigate Ambuscade, of 32 Guns, near the Great Nore; with the Mode Used in Recovering Her"</a>. Abstracts of the Papers Printed in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Vol. 1, 1800–1814: 124–125. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/109571">109571</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=An+Account+of+the+Sinking+of+the+Dutch+Frigate+Ambuscade%2C+of+32+Guns%2C+near+the+Great+Nore%3B+with+the+Mode+Used+in+Recovering+Her.&rft.pages=124-125&rft.date=1803&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F109571%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=Joseph+Whidbey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fphiltrans04279656&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Whidbey" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fossils-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fossils_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoseph_Whidbey1821" class="citation journal cs1">Joseph Whidbey (1821) [1817]. "A Farther Account of Fossil Bones Discovered in Caverns Inclosed in the Lime Stone Rocks at Plymouth". <i>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London</i>. <b>111</b>: 133–135. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1821RSPT..111..133W">1821RSPT..111..133W</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/107609">107609</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philosophical+Transactions+of+the+Royal+Society+of+London&rft.atitle=A+Farther+Account+of+Fossil+Bones+Discovered+in+Caverns+Inclosed+in+the+Lime+Stone+Rocks+at+Plymouth&rft.volume=111&rft.pages=133-135&rft.date=1821&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F107609%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1821RSPT..111..133W&rft.au=Joseph+Whidbey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Whidbey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://southwhidbeyhistory.org/2023/03/the-will-of-joseph-whidbey">"The Will of Joseph Whidbey"</a>. <i>southwhidbeyhistory.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=southwhidbeyhistory.org&rft.atitle=The+Will+of+Joseph+Whidbey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsouthwhidbeyhistory.org%2F2023%2F03%2Fthe-will-of-joseph-whidbey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Whidbey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlinders1966" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Flinders" title="Matthew Flinders">Flinders, Matthew</a> (1966) [1814]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/catalog/world/readfile?fk_files=1486723&pageno=225"><i>A Voyage to Terra Australis : undertaken for the purpose of completing the discovery of that vast country, and prosecuted in the years 1801, 1802, and 1803 in His Majesty's ship the Investigator, and subsequently in the armed vessel Porpoise and Cumberland Schooner; with an account of the shipwreck of the Porpoise, arrival of the Cumberland at Mauritius, and imprisonment of the commander during six years and a half in that island</i></a> (Facsimile ed.). Adelaide: Libraries Board of South Australia. p. 225<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Voyage+to+Terra+Australis+%3A+undertaken+for+the+purpose+of+completing+the+discovery+of+that+vast+country%2C+and+prosecuted+in+the+years+1801%2C+1802%2C+and+1803+in+His+Majesty%27s+ship+the+Investigator%2C+and+subsequently+in+the+armed+vessel+Porpoise+and+Cumberland+Schooner%3B+with+an+account+of+the+shipwreck+of+the+Porpoise%2C+arrival+of+the+Cumberland+at+Mauritius%2C+and+imprisonment+of+the+commander+during+six+years+and+a+half+in+that+island.&rft.place=Adelaide&rft.pages=225&rft.edition=Facsimile&rft.pub=Libraries+Board+of+South+Australia&rft.date=1966&rft.aulast=Flinders&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gutenberg.org%2Fcatalog%2Fworld%2Freadfile%3Ffk_files%3D1486723%26pageno%3D225&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Whidbey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div 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