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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Distribution_and_habitat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Distribution_and_habitat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Distribution and habitat </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Distribution_and_habitat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Uses </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Eriophorum</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 39 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-39" aria-hidden="true" > 39 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8B%D2%A1%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%88_%D0%BA%D2%AF%D1%80%D3%99%D0%BD" title="Мамыҡбаш күрән – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Мамыҡбаш күрән" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Падвей – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Падвей" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Пушица – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Пушица" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eriophorum" title="Eriophorum – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Eriophorum" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eriophorum" title="Eriophorum – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Eriophorum" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suchop%C3%BDr" title="Suchopýr – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Suchopýr" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A6ruld" title="Kæruld – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kæruld" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wollgr%C3%A4ser" title="Wollgräser – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wollgräser" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villpea" title="Villpea – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Villpea" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eriophorum" title="Eriophorum – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Eriophorum" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eriophorum" title="Eriophorum – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Eriophorum" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wo%C5%82mica" title="Wołmica – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Wołmica" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suhoperka" title="Suhoperka – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Suhoperka" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eriophorum" title="Eriophorum – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Eriophorum" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AD%E1%83%90%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="ჭაობის ბამბა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჭაობის ბამბა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B0%D0%BB%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Ұлпабас – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ұлпабас" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spilves" title="Spilves – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Spilves" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0vylys" title="Švylys – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Švylys" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eriophorum" title="Eriophorum – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Eriophorum" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wollegras" title="Wollegras – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Wollegras" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AF%E3%82%BF%E3%82%B9%E3%82%B2%E5%B1%9E" title="ワタスゲ属 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ワタスゲ属" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olg%C3%A4%C3%A4rs" title="Olgäärs – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Olgäärs" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myrullslekta" title="Myrullslekta – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Myrullslekta" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myrull" title="Myrull – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Myrull" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/We%C5%82nianka" title="Wełnianka – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wełnianka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eriophorum" title="Eriophorum – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Eriophorum" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Пушица – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пушица" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eriophorum" title="Eriophorum – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Eriophorum" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munec" title="Munec – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Munec" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suovillat" title="Suovillat – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Suovillat" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ullsl%C3%A4ktet" title="Ullsläktet – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ullsläktet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Мамыкбаш – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Мамыкбаш" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eriophorum" title="Eriophorum – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Eriophorum" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%85%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0)" title="Пухівка (рослина) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Пухівка (рослина)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi_Len_%C4%91%C3%A0i" title="Chi Len đài – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chi Len đài" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tchitcho%C3%BBle" title="Tchitchoûle – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Tchitchoûle" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eriophorum" title="Eriophorum – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Eriophorum" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C5%ABk%C4%81_(augals)" title="Pūkā (augals) – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Pūkā (augals)" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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href="/w/index.php?title=Cotton_grass&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Cotton grass">Cotton grass</a>)</div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Genus of flowering plants in the sedge family Cyperaceae</div> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)">Eriophorum </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:Eriophorum_Cotton_Grass.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Eriophorum_Cotton_Grass.JPG/220px-Eriophorum_Cotton_Grass.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Eriophorum_Cotton_Grass.JPG/330px-Eriophorum_Cotton_Grass.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Eriophorum_Cotton_Grass.JPG/440px-Eriophorum_Cotton_Grass.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3436" data-file-height="2662" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%"><a href="/wiki/Eriophorum_vaginatum" title="Eriophorum vaginatum">Eriophorum vaginatum</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Eriophorum" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">Plantae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Clade: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vascular_plant" title="Vascular plant">Tracheophytes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Clade: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">Angiosperms</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Clade: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Monocotyledon" title="Monocotyledon">Monocots</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Clade: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Commelinids" title="Commelinids">Commelinids</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Poales" title="Poales">Poales</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cyperaceae" title="Cyperaceae">Cyperaceae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Eriophorum</a> <a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">L.</a><a href="#cite_note-IPNI:13751-1-1">[1]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Type_species" title="Type species">Type species</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Eriophorum_vaginatum" title="Eriophorum vaginatum">Eriophorum vaginatum</a> <div style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">L.</a><a href="#cite_note-Tropicos-2">[2]</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Synonyms</a><a href="#cite_note-POWO:13751-1-3">[3]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Heterotypic synonyms</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><ul class="taxonlist"><li>Eriophoropsis Palla </li><li>Leucoma Ehrh. </li><li>Linagrostis Guett. </li><li>Plumaria Bubani </li><li>Plumaria Heist. ex Fabr. </li></ul></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> Eriophorum (cottongrass, cotton-grass or cottonsedge) is a <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genus</a> of <a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">flowering plants</a> in the family <a href="/wiki/Cyperaceae" title="Cyperaceae">Cyperaceae</a>, the sedge family. They are found in the cool <a href="/wiki/Temperate" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperate">temperate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alpine_climate" title="Alpine climate">alpine</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Arctic" title="Arctic">Arctic</a> regions of the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Hemisphere" title="Northern Hemisphere">Northern Hemisphere</a>, primarily in the <a href="/wiki/Middle_latitudes" title="Middle latitudes">middle latitudes</a> of North America, Europe, and Asia. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Eriophorum&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description">edit</a>]</div> Eriophorium species are <a href="/wiki/Perennial_plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Perennial plant">perennial</a> <a href="/wiki/Herbaceous_plant" title="Herbaceous plant">herbaceous plants</a> that persist by means of underground <a href="/wiki/Rhizome" title="Rhizome">rhizomes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FNA:112065-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-FoC:112065-5">[5]</a> Stems (called <a href="/wiki/Culm_(botany)" title="Culm (botany)">culms</a>) grow singly or in clumps (i.e., <a href="/wiki/Cespitose" class="mw-redirect" title="Cespitose">cespitose</a>). Both basal leaves and stem leaves are present, although the latter are bladeless in some species. The terminal <a href="/wiki/Inflorescence" title="Inflorescence">inflorescence</a> is either a single erect <a href="/wiki/Spikelet" title="Spikelet">spikelet</a> or multiple spikelets on <a href="/wiki/Peduncle_(botany)" title="Peduncle (botany)">peduncles</a> of various lengths. In the case of multiple spikelets, the inflorescence is subtended by one or more leaf-like <a href="/wiki/Bract" title="Bract">bracts</a>. Individual <a href="/wiki/Flower" title="Flower">flowers</a> have 10 or more smooth <a href="/wiki/Perianth" title="Perianth">perianth</a> bristles that greatly elongate and remain attached to the <a href="/wiki/Achene" title="Achene">achene</a> during fruiting. The bristles facilitate <a href="/wiki/Seed_dispersal" title="Seed dispersal">seed dispersal</a> by wind. In cold <a href="/wiki/Arctic" title="Arctic">Arctic</a> regions, the bristles also serve as insulation by trapping solar radiation and thereby increasing the temperature of the reproductive organs.<a href="#cite_note-Crawford_1989-6">[6]</a> <a href="/wiki/Identification_key" title="Identification key">Identification keys</a> often begin with a pair of alternatives that implicitly divide the genus into two mutually exclusive <a href="/wiki/Section_(botany)" title="Section (botany)">sections</a>:<a href="#cite_note-FNA:112065-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-FoC:112065-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-MFO-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-Go_Botany-8">[8]</a> <ul><li>Eriophorum section Vaginata: one spikelet, without <a href="/wiki/Bract#Involucral_bracts" title="Bract">involucral bracts</a></li> <li>Eriophorum section Phyllanthela: multiple spikelets (rarely one), subtended by one or more leaf-like bracts</li></ul> Besides the number of spikelets and the presence of bracts, other characters may be used for identification, including: the length of the uppermost leaf blade relative to its sheath; the number of bracts (0, 1, or more than 1); the length and orientation of the bracts; the length of the peduncles; and the color of the bristles. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taxonomy">Taxonomy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Eriophorum&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Taxonomy">edit</a>]</div> In the first edition of <a href="/wiki/Species_Plantarum" title="Species Plantarum">Species Plantarum</a> published in 1753, the Swedish botanist <a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">Carl Linnaeus</a> established <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genus</a> Eriophorum by recognizing four <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a>: Eriophorum vaginatum, Eriophorum polystachion, Eriophorum virginicum, and Eriophorum alpinum.<a href="#cite_note-IPNI:13751-1-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinnaeus1753[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgpage358071page64mode1up_Vol.&nbsp;1,_pp.&nbsp;52–53]-9">[9]</a> In the second edition published in 1762, Linnaeus added a fifth species, Eriophorum cyperinum.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinnaeus1762[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgpage11628531page92mode1up_Vol.&nbsp;1,_pp.&nbsp;76–77]-10">[10]</a> The name Eriophorum L. is the primary <a href="/wiki/Genus#Use" title="Genus">generic name</a> in use today.<a href="#cite_note-POWO:13751-1-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-WFO-11">[11]</a> Although the names of some of the species have changed, the number of recognized <a href="/wiki/Taxon" title="Taxon">taxa</a> in genus Eriophorum has remained more-or-less the same since 1994.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENovoselova1994a-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENovoselova1994b-13">[13]</a> In the fifth edition of <a href="/wiki/Genera_Plantarum" title="Genera Plantarum">Genera Plantarum</a> published in 1754 (intended to accompany the first edition of Species Plantarum), Linnaeus referenced the prior work of the Italian botanist <a href="/wiki/Pier_Antonio_Micheli" title="Pier Antonio Micheli">Pier Antonio Micheli</a> and the French botanist <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Pitton_de_Tournefort" title="Joseph Pitton de Tournefort">Joseph Pitton de Tournefort</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinnaeus1754[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem14678page62mode1up_p.&nbsp;27]-14">[14]</a> In 1729, Micheli described genus Linagrostis, including an illustration of an unidentified plant.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMicheli1729[httpsbibdigitalrjbcsicesviewer11953offsetpage77viewerpictureobookmarkn0q_p.&nbsp;53],_[httpsbibdigitalrjbcsicesviewer11953offsetpage289viewerpictureobookmarkn0q_Tab.&nbsp;31]_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMicheli1729[httpsbibdigitalrjbcsicesviewer11953offsetpage77viewerpictureobookmarkn0q_p.&nbsp;53],_[httpsbibdigitalrjbcsicesviewer11953offsetpage289viewerpictureobookmarkn0q_Tab.&nbsp;31]-15">[15]</a> (The plant was later identified to be Eriophorum vaginatum.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFernald1905b[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgpage562632page134mode1up_p.&nbsp;129]-16">[16]</a>) Tournefort coined the French name Linaigrette (Latin: Linagrostis) in 1694,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETournefort1694-17">[17]</a> but his contribution became better known in Europe when his book was translated to Latin in 1719.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETournefortJussieu1719[httpswwwgooglecombookseditionJosephi_Pitton_Tournefort_AquisextiensisujMVAAAAQAAJhlengbpv1bsqlinagrostis_p.&nbsp;664]-18">[18]</a> The French naturalist and mineralogist <a href="/wiki/Jean-%C3%89tienne_Guettard" title="Jean-Étienne Guettard">Jean-Étienne Guettard</a> resurrected the pre-Linnaean name Linagrostis in 1750, and again in 1754, but Linagrostis Guett. is regarded as a synonym for Eriophorum L.<a href="#cite_note-IPNI:13878-1-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-POWO:13878-1-20">[20]</a> After Guettard, the name Linagrostis was redescribed by numerous botanists, including <a href="/wiki/John_Hill_(botanist)" title="John Hill (botanist)">John Hill</a> (1756), <a href="/wiki/Johann_Gottfried_Zinn" title="Johann Gottfried Zinn">Johann Gottfried Zinn</a> (1757), and <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Antonio_Scopoli" title="Giovanni Antonio Scopoli">Giovanni Antonio Scopoli</a> (1771),<a href="#cite_note-IPNI:13876-1-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-IPNI:13877-1-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-IPNI:13875-1-23">[23]</a> but all three published <a href="/wiki/Nomen_illegitimum" title="Nomen illegitimum">illegitimate names</a> since Linagrostis Guett. takes precedence. Scopoli's description of Linagrostis Tourn. ex Scop. is notable, however, since it is explicitly based on the early work of Tournefort.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScopoli1772[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgpage58202542page125mode1up_p.&nbsp;47]-24">[24]</a> The names Linagrostis vaginata (L.) Scop., Linagrostis alpina (L.) Scop., and Linagrostis polystachia (L.) Scop. are synonyms for the corresponding names introduced by Linnaeus in 1753.<a href="#cite_note-POWO:310258-1-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-POWO:310255-1-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-POWO:310257-1-27">[27]</a> The Austrian botanist and mycologist <a href="/wiki/Eduard_Palla" title="Eduard Palla">Eduard Palla</a> established genus Eriophoropsis in 1896 by <a href="/wiki/Segregate_(taxonomy)" title="Segregate (taxonomy)">segregating</a> Eriophorum virginicum into a new genus.<a href="#cite_note-IPNI:295913-2-28">[28]</a> The name Eriophoropsis Palla is both a synonym for Eriophorum L. and the <a href="/wiki/Basionym" title="Basionym">basionym</a> of Eriophorum subgen. Eriophoropsis (Palla) Raymond, the latter described by the Canadian botanist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis-Florent-Marcel_Raymond&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis-Florent-Marcel Raymond (page does not exist)">Louis-Florent-Marcel Raymond</a> in 1954.<a href="#cite_note-POWO:295913-2-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-IPNI:77347168-1-30">[30]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Species">Species</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Eriophorum&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Species">edit</a>]</div> As of August 2024<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eriophorum&action=edit">[update]</a>, the following <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a> are accepted by <a href="/wiki/Plants_of_the_World_Online" title="Plants of the World Online">Plants of the World Online</a> (POWO):<a href="#cite_note-POWO:13751-1-3">[3]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width: 20em; text-align: left">Name/Author </th> <th style="width: 5em; text-align: center">Year described </th> <th style="width: 5em; text-align: center">Year published </th> <th style="text-align: left">Distribution </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left"><a href="/wiki/Eriophorum_angustifolium" title="Eriophorum angustifolium">Eriophorum angustifolium</a> Honck. </td> <td style="text-align: center">1782 </td> <td style="text-align: center">1782 </td> <td style="text-align: left">Widespread across Europe, Asia, North America </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eriophorum_arcticum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eriophorum arcticum (page does not exist)">Eriophorum arcticum</a> (M.S.Novos.) Schekhovts. </td> <td style="text-align: center">1994 </td> <td style="text-align: center">2023 </td> <td style="text-align: left">Siberia </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left"><a href="/wiki/Eriophorum_brachyantherum" title="Eriophorum brachyantherum">Eriophorum brachyantherum</a> Trautv. & C.A.Mey. </td> <td style="text-align: center">1856 </td> <td style="text-align: center">1856 </td> <td style="text-align: left">Scandinavia, northern Russia, Mongolia, Korea, Alaska, northern Canada </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left"><a href="/wiki/Eriophorum_callitrix" title="Eriophorum callitrix">Eriophorum callitrix</a> Cham. ex C.A.Mey. </td> <td style="text-align: center">1831 </td> <td style="text-align: center">1831 </td> <td style="text-align: left">Siberia, Russian Far East, Alaska, Canada, Greenland, Montana, Wyoming </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left"><a href="/wiki/Eriophorum_chamissonis" title="Eriophorum chamissonis">Eriophorum chamissonis</a> C.A.Mey. </td> <td style="text-align: center">1831 </td> <td style="text-align: center">1831 </td> <td style="text-align: left">Siberia, Russian Far East, Korea, Mongolia, Alaska, Canada, Greenland, northern and western United States </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left"><a href="/wiki/Eriophorum_gracile" title="Eriophorum gracile">Eriophorum gracile</a> Roth<a href="#cite_note-IPNI:307364-1-31">[31]</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center">1799 </td> <td style="text-align: center">1799 </td> <td style="text-align: left">Much of Europe; northern and Central Asia; China, Tibet, Mongolia, Alaska, Canada, northern United States </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eriophorum_humile&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eriophorum humile (page does not exist)">Eriophorum humile</a> Turcz. </td> <td style="text-align: center">1838 </td> <td style="text-align: center">1838 </td> <td style="text-align: left">Altai, Tuva, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Amur </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left"><a href="/wiki/Eriophorum_latifolium" title="Eriophorum latifolium">Eriophorum latifolium</a> Hoppe </td> <td style="text-align: center">1800 </td> <td style="text-align: center">1800 </td> <td style="text-align: left">Much of Europe; Caucasus, Turkey, Mongolia </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left"><a href="/wiki/Eriophorum_scheuchzeri" title="Eriophorum scheuchzeri">Eriophorum scheuchzeri</a> Hoppe </td> <td style="text-align: center">1800 </td> <td style="text-align: center">1800 </td> <td style="text-align: left">Much of Europe; northern and Central Asia including Siberia, Xinjiang, Himalayas, Alaska, Greenland, Canada, mountains of western United States </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left"><a href="/wiki/Eriophorum_tenellum" title="Eriophorum tenellum">Eriophorum tenellum</a> Nutt. </td> <td style="text-align: center">1818 </td> <td style="text-align: center">1818 </td> <td style="text-align: left">Eastern Canada and northeastern United States from Nunavut and Labrador to New Jersey </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eriophorum_tolmatchevii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eriophorum tolmatchevii (page does not exist)">Eriophorum tolmatchevii</a> M.S.Novos. </td> <td style="text-align: center">1994 </td> <td style="text-align: center">1994 </td> <td style="text-align: left">Krasnoyarsk, Yakutiya </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eriophorum_transiens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eriophorum transiens (page does not exist)">Eriophorum transiens</a> Raymond </td> <td style="text-align: center">1959 </td> <td style="text-align: center">1959 </td> <td style="text-align: left">Guizhou </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eriophorum_triste&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eriophorum triste (page does not exist)">Eriophorum triste</a> (Th.Fr.) Hadac & Á.Löve </td> <td style="text-align: center">1869 </td> <td style="text-align: center">1950 </td> <td style="text-align: left">Finland, North America and temperate regions of Asia </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left"><a href="/wiki/Eriophorum_vaginatum" title="Eriophorum vaginatum">Eriophorum vaginatum</a> L. </td> <td style="text-align: center">1753 </td> <td style="text-align: center">1753 </td> <td style="text-align: left">Most of genus range </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left"><a href="/wiki/Eriophorum_virginicum" title="Eriophorum virginicum">Eriophorum virginicum</a> L. </td> <td style="text-align: center">1753 </td> <td style="text-align: center">1753 </td> <td style="text-align: left">Eastern North America from Labrador to Tennessee, west to Michigan </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left"><a href="/wiki/Eriophorum_viridicarinatum" title="Eriophorum viridicarinatum">Eriophorum viridicarinatum</a> (Engelm.) Fernald </td> <td style="text-align: center">1844 </td> <td style="text-align: center">1905 </td> <td style="text-align: left">Canada including Arctic territories; northern United States </td></tr></tbody></table> The following natural <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_(biology)" title="Hybrid (biology)">hybrids</a> are also accepted by POWO: <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width: 20em; text-align: left">Name/Author (hybrid formula) </th> <th style="width: 5em; text-align: center">Year described </th> <th style="width: 5em; text-align: center">Year published </th> <th style="text-align: left">Distribution </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eriophorum_%C3%97_beringianum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eriophorum × beringianum (page does not exist)">Eriophorum × beringianum</a> Raymond (E. angustifolium × E. chamissonis) </td> <td style="text-align: center">1957 </td> <td style="text-align: center">1957 </td> <td style="text-align: left">Alaska including Aleutians; Magadan region of Russia </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eriophorum_%C3%97_churchillianum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eriophorum × churchillianum (page does not exist)">Eriophorum × churchillianum</a> Lepage (E. triste × E. vaginatum) </td> <td style="text-align: center">1957 </td> <td style="text-align: center">1957 </td> <td style="text-align: left">Alaska </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eriophorum_%C3%97_fellowsii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eriophorum × fellowsii (page does not exist)">Eriophorum × fellowsii</a> (Fernald) M.S.Novos. (E. virginicum × E. viridicarinatum) </td> <td style="text-align: center">1905 </td> <td style="text-align: center">1995 </td> <td style="text-align: left">Ontario, Maine, Massachusetts </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eriophorum_%C3%97_gracilifolium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eriophorum × gracilifolium (page does not exist)">Eriophorum × gracilifolium</a> M.S.Novos. (E. gracile × E. latifolium) </td> <td style="text-align: center">1994 </td> <td style="text-align: center">1994 </td> <td style="text-align: left">European Russia </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eriophorum_%C3%97_medium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eriophorum × medium (page does not exist)">Eriophorum × medium</a> Andersson (E. chamissonis × E. scheuchzeri) </td> <td style="text-align: center">1857 </td> <td style="text-align: center">1857 </td> <td style="text-align: left">Scattered locations in Finland, Norway, Russia, Alaska, Quebec, Labrador </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eriophorum_%C3%97_pylaieanum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eriophorum × pylaieanum (page does not exist)">Eriophorum × pylaieanum</a> Raymond (E. chamissonis × E. vaginatum) </td> <td style="text-align: center">1951 </td> <td style="text-align: center">1951 </td> <td style="text-align: left">Scattered locations in Canada and Alaska </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eriophorum_%C3%97_rousseauianum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eriophorum × rousseauianum (page does not exist)">Eriophorum × rousseauianum</a> Raymond (E. angustifolium × E. scheuchzeri) </td> <td style="text-align: center">1950 </td> <td style="text-align: center">1950 </td> <td style="text-align: left">Alaska, Quebec </td></tr></tbody></table> <a href="/wiki/World_Flora_Online" title="World Flora Online">World Flora Online</a> (WFO) accepts all of the above species and hybrids except Eriophorum arcticum.<a href="#cite_note-WFO-11">[11]</a> In addition, WFO accepts Eriophorum × polystachiovaginatum whereas POWO does not. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_names">Other names</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Eriophorum&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Other names">edit</a>]</div> Of the five species described by Linnaeus in 1753 and 1762, three of the names are no longer in use. Eriophorum polystachion L. is a <a href="/wiki/Rejected_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Rejected name">rejected name</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FNA:242357811-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-FoC:242357811-33">[33]</a> now considered to be a synonym for Eriophorum angustifolium Honck. subsp. angustifolium,<a href="#cite_note-POWO:332128-2-34">[34]</a> while Eriophorum alpinum L. and Eriophorum cyperinum L. are synonyms for <a href="/wiki/Trichophorum_alpinum" title="Trichophorum alpinum">Trichophorum alpinum</a> (L.) Pers. and <a href="/wiki/Scirpus_cyperinus" title="Scirpus cyperinus">Scirpus cyperinus</a> (L.) Kunth, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-POWO:95694-2-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-POWO:276737-2-36">[36]</a> The Swedish mycologist and botanist <a href="/wiki/Elias_Magnus_Fries" title="Elias Magnus Fries">Elias Magnus Fries</a> described Eriophorum russeolum in 1836.<a href="#cite_note-IPNI:307401-1-37">[37]</a> Some authors consider Eriophorum russeolum Fr. to be a synonym for Eriophorum chamissonis C.A.Mey.,<a href="#cite_note-FNA:242357816-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-POWO:307401-1-39">[39]</a> while others consider the two names to refer to separate species.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERaymond1954-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-Euro+Med-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-USDA:ERIOP-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-BONAP-state-genus-43">[43]</a> In 1942, the American agrostologist and botanist <a href="/wiki/Alan_Ackerman_Beetle" title="Alan Ackerman Beetle">Alan Ackerman Beetle</a> placed the species Scirpus criniger A.Gray into genus Eriophorum.<a href="#cite_note-IPNI:95720-2-44">[44]</a> In 2012, Eriophorum crinigerum (A.Gray) Beetle was <a href="/wiki/Segregate_(taxonomy)" title="Segregate (taxonomy)">segregated</a> into genus Calliscirpus, and so Eriophorum crinigerum is a synonym for Calliscirpus criniger (A.Gray) C.N.Gilmour, J.R.Starr & Naczi.<a href="#cite_note-POWO:95720-2-45">[45]</a> In 1957, the Canadian botanist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis-Florent-Marcel_Raymond&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis-Florent-Marcel Raymond (page does not exist)">Louis-Florent-Marcel Raymond</a> placed the species Scirpus scabriculmis Beetle into genus Eriophorum.<a href="#cite_note-IPNI:307402-1-46">[46]</a> In 2019, Eriophorum scabriculme (Beetle) Raymond was segregated into genus Trichophorum.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStarrLéveillé-BourretVuNguyên201920–25-47">[47]</a> Hence Eriophorum scabriculme is a synonym for Trichophorum scabriculme (Beetle) J.R.Starr, Lév.-Bourret & B.A.Ford.<a href="#cite_note-POWO:307402-1-48">[48]</a> The invalidly published name Eriophorum × polystachiovaginatum Beauverd is a synonym for Eriophorum × beauverdii Soó but the latter is unplaced by POWO.<a href="#cite_note-POWO:307339-1-49">[49]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Subdivision">Subdivision</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Eriophorum&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Subdivision">edit</a>]</div> In 1849, the Swedish botanist and traveller <a href="/wiki/Nils_Johan_Andersson" title="Nils Johan Andersson">Nils Johan Andersson</a> placed the European species of Eriophorum into two new sections:<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndersson1849[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgpage15347404page27mode1up_pp.&nbsp;11–14]-50">[50]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1088965794">@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .columns-start .column{float:left;min-width:20em}.mw-parser-output .columns-2 .column{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .columns-3 .column{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .columns-4 .column{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .columns-5 .column{width:20%}}</style><div class="columns-start columns-2"><div class="column"> Eriophorum section Vaginata:<a href="#cite_note-IPNI:77346770-1-51">[51]</a> <ul><li>Eriophorum vaginatum</li> <li>Eriophorum capitatum (a synonym for Eriophorum scheuchzeri)</li> <li>Eriophorum russeolum (a synonym for Eriophorum chamissonis)</li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1088965794"></div><div class="column"> Eriophorum section Phyllanthela:<a href="#cite_note-IPNI:77346771-1-52">[52]</a> <ul><li>Eriophorum angustifolium</li> <li>Eriophorum latifolium</li> <li>Eriophorum gracile</li></ul> </div><div style="clear: both"></div></div> In 1905, the American botanist <a href="/wiki/Merritt_Lyndon_Fernald" title="Merritt Lyndon Fernald">Merritt Lyndon Fernald</a> placed the North American species of Eriophorum into Andersson's sections as follows:<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFernald1905a-53">[53]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1088965794"><div class="columns-start columns-2"><div class="column"> Eriophorum section Vaginata: <ul><li>Eriophorum scheuchzeri</li> <li>Eriophorum chamissonis</li> <li>Eriophorum vaginatum</li> <li>Eriophorum callitrix</li> <li>Eriophorum opacum <a href="/wiki/Combinatio_nova" title="Combinatio nova">n. comb.</a> (a synonym for Eriophorum brachyantherum)</li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1088965794"></div><div class="column"> Eriophorum section Phyllanthela: <ul><li>Eriophorum gracile</li> <li>Eriophorum tenellum</li> <li>Eriophorum polystachion (a synonym for Eriophorum angustifolium)</li> <li>Eriophorum viridicarinatum n. comb.</li> <li>Eriophorum virginicum</li></ul> </div><div style="clear: both"></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Phylogeny">Phylogeny</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Eriophorum&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Phylogeny">edit</a>]</div> Based on <a href="/wiki/Phylogenetics" title="Phylogenetics">phylogenetic</a> analyses, Eriophorum forms a well‐supported <a href="/wiki/Clade" title="Clade">clade</a> nested within the genus <a href="/wiki/Scirpus" title="Scirpus">Scirpus</a>, which suggests the latter is <a href="/wiki/Paraphyly" title="Paraphyly">paraphyletic</a>. To resolve this issue, there are at least two options: 1) merge Eriophorum into Scirpus, or 2) split Scirpus into a series of new genera. As of August 2024<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eriophorum&action=edit">[update]</a>, there has been insufficient data for a majority of botanists to prefer one option or the other.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELéveillé-Bourret20187,_36–37,_42,_222-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELarridonZuntiniLéveillé-BourretBarrett2021873-55">[55]</a> Eriophorum virginicum, Eriophorum tenellum, and Eriophorum gracile form a strongly supported clade that is sister to the rest of the genus. The clade is distinguished by having <a href="/wiki/Glume" title="Glume">glumes</a> (scales at the base of each flower in a <a href="/wiki/Spikelet" title="Spikelet">spikelet</a>) with many prominent nerves, whereas the glumes of the remaining species possess a single prominent midnerve.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELéveillé-Bourret201828,_35–36,_42-56">[56]</a> Within a weakly supported clade of <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/unispicate" class="extiw" title="wikt:unispicate">unispicate</a> species (i.e., species with a single spikelet), Eriophorum russeolum and Eriophorum scheuchzeri form a strongly supported, <a href="/wiki/Monophyly" title="Monophyly">monophyletic</a> <a href="/wiki/Species_complex" title="Species complex">species complex</a> characterized by a <a href="/wiki/Rhizomatous" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhizomatous">rhizomatous</a> habit, up to 7 sterile glumes, and by glumes with well-defined <a href="/wiki/Hyaline" title="Hyaline">hyaline</a> margins (i.e., with thin, translucent edges). In contrast, in the sister clade to this complex (Eriophorum vaginatum, Eriophorum brachyantherum, and Eriophorum callitrix) each species has a <a href="/wiki/Caespitose" class="mw-redirect" title="Caespitose">caespitose</a> habit and more than 12 sterile glumes that generally lack clear hyaline margins.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELéveillé-Bourret201828,_35–36,_42-56">[56]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribution_and_habitat">Distribution and habitat</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Eriophorum&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Distribution and habitat">edit</a>]</div> Eriophorum species are found in the cool <a href="/wiki/Temperate" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperate">temperate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alpine_climate" title="Alpine climate">alpine</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Arctic" title="Arctic">Arctic</a> regions of the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Hemisphere" title="Northern Hemisphere">Northern Hemisphere</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FNA:112065-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-FoC:112065-5">[5]</a> primarily in the <a href="/wiki/Middle_latitudes" title="Middle latitudes">middle latitudes</a> of North America, Europe, and Asia. <ul><li>North America: E. angustifolium, E. brachyantherum, E. callitrix, E. chamissonis, E. gracile, E. scheuchzeri, E. tenellum, E. triste, E. vaginatum, E. virginicum, E. viridicarinatum</li> <li>Europe: E. angustifolium, E. brachyantherum, E. chamissonis, E. gracile, E. latifolium, E. scheuchzeri, E. triste, E. vaginatum</li> <li>Asia: E. angustifolium, E. arcticum, E. brachyantherum, E. callitrix, E. chamissonis, E. gracile, E. humile, E. latifolium, E. scheuchzeri, E. tolmatchevii, E. transiens, E. triste, E. vaginatum</li></ul> Preferred habitats include <a href="/wiki/Bog" title="Bog">bogs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fen" title="Fen">fens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meadow" title="Meadow">meadows</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Alpine_tundra" title="Alpine tundra">alpine tundra</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses">Uses</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Eriophorum&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Uses">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Paper" title="Paper">Paper</a> and the wicks of <a href="/wiki/Candle" title="Candle">candles</a> have been made of its fiber, and <a href="/wiki/Pillow" title="Pillow">pillows</a> stuffed with the same material. The leaves were formerly used in treating <a href="/wiki/Diarrhea" title="Diarrhea">diarrhea</a>, and the spongy <a href="/wiki/Pith" title="Pith">pith</a> of the stem for the removal of <a href="/wiki/Tapeworm" class="mw-redirect" title="Tapeworm">tapeworm</a>.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Eriophorum&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 40em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-IPNI:13751-1-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IPNI:13751-1_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-IPNI:13751-1_1-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipni.org/n/13751-1">"Eriophorum L."</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Plant_Names_Index" title="International Plant Names Index">International Plant Names Index</a> (IPNI). <a href="/wiki/Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew" title="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew">Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew</a>; <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Herbaria" title="Harvard University Herbaria">Harvard University Herbaria</a> & <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Library" title="Harvard Library">Libraries</a>; <a href="/wiki/Australian_National_Botanic_Gardens" title="Australian National Botanic Gardens">Australian National Botanic Gardens</a>. 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In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/flora_page.aspx?flora_id=1">Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA)</a>. Vol. 23. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. 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Retrieved 13 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Go+Botany&rft.atitle=Eriophorum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgobotany.nativeplanttrust.org%2Fdkey%2Feriophorum%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEriophorum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELinnaeus1753[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgpage358071page64mode1up_Vol.&nbsp;1,_pp.&nbsp;52–53]-9"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELinnaeus1753[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgpage358071page64mode1up_Vol.&nbsp;1,_pp.&nbsp;52–53]_9-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLinnaeus1753">Linnaeus (1753)</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/358071#page/64/mode/1up">Vol. 1, pp. 52–53</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELinnaeus1762[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgpage11628531page92mode1up_Vol.&nbsp;1,_pp.&nbsp;76–77]-10"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELinnaeus1762[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgpage11628531page92mode1up_Vol.&nbsp;1,_pp.&nbsp;76–77]_10-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLinnaeus1762">Linnaeus (1762)</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/11628531#page/92/mode/1up">Vol. 1, pp. 76–77</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-WFO-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WFO_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WFO_11-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wfoplantlist.org/taxon/wfo-4000013860-2024-06?page=1&hide_syns=true">"Eriophorum L."</a>. WFO Plant List. Retrieved 21 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WFO+Plant+List&rft.atitle=Eriophorum+%3Cspan+style%3D%22font-size%3A85%25%3B%22%3EL.%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwfoplantlist.org%2Ftaxon%2Fwfo-4000013860-2024-06%3Fpage%3D1%26hide_syns%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEriophorum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENovoselova1994a-12"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENovoselova1994a_12-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNovoselova1994a">Novoselova (1994a)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENovoselova1994b-13"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENovoselova1994b_13-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNovoselova1994b">Novoselova (1994b)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELinnaeus1754[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem14678page62mode1up_p.&nbsp;27]-14"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELinnaeus1754[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem14678page62mode1up_p.&nbsp;27]_14-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLinnaeus1754">Linnaeus (1754)</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/14678#page/62/mode/1up">p. 27</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMicheli1729[httpsbibdigitalrjbcsicesviewer11953offsetpage77viewerpictureobookmarkn0q_p.&nbsp;53],_[httpsbibdigitalrjbcsicesviewer11953offsetpage289viewerpictureobookmarkn0q_Tab.&nbsp;31]-15"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMicheli1729[httpsbibdigitalrjbcsicesviewer11953offsetpage77viewerpictureobookmarkn0q_p.&nbsp;53],_[httpsbibdigitalrjbcsicesviewer11953offsetpage289viewerpictureobookmarkn0q_Tab.&nbsp;31]_15-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMicheli1729">Micheli (1729)</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/viewer/11953/?offset=#page=77&viewer=picture&o=bookmark&n=0&q=">p. 53</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/viewer/11953/?offset=#page=289&viewer=picture&o=bookmark&n=0&q=">Tab. 31</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFernald1905b[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgpage562632page134mode1up_p.&nbsp;129]-16"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFernald1905b[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgpage562632page134mode1up_p.&nbsp;129]_16-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFernald1905b">Fernald (1905b)</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/562632#page/134/mode/1up">p. 129</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETournefort1694-17"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETournefort1694_17-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTournefort1694">Tournefort (1694)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETournefortJussieu1719[httpswwwgooglecombookseditionJosephi_Pitton_Tournefort_AquisextiensisujMVAAAAQAAJhlengbpv1bsqlinagrostis_p.&nbsp;664]-18"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETournefortJussieu1719[httpswwwgooglecombookseditionJosephi_Pitton_Tournefort_AquisextiensisujMVAAAAQAAJhlengbpv1bsqlinagrostis_p.&nbsp;664]_18-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTournefortJussieu1719">Tournefort & Jussieu (1719)</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/Josephi_Pitton_Tournefort_Aquisextiensis/ujMVAAAAQAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=linagrostis">p. 664</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-IPNI:13878-1-19"><a href="#cite_ref-IPNI:13878-1_19-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipni.org/n/13878-1">"Linagrostis Guett."</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Plant_Names_Index" title="International Plant Names Index">International Plant Names Index</a> (IPNI). <a href="/wiki/Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew" title="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew">Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew</a>; <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Herbaria" title="Harvard University Herbaria">Harvard University Herbaria</a> & <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Library" title="Harvard Library">Libraries</a>; <a href="/wiki/Australian_National_Botanic_Gardens" title="Australian National Botanic Gardens">Australian National Botanic Gardens</a>. Retrieved 2 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Plant+Names+Index+%28IPNI%29&rft.atitle=%3Ci%3ELinagrostis%3C%2Fi%3E+%3Cspan+style%3D%22font-size%3A85%25%3B%22%3EGuett.%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipni.org%2Fn%2F13878-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEriophorum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-POWO:13878-1-20"><a href="#cite_ref-POWO:13878-1_20-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/13878-1">"Linagrostis Guett."</a>. <a href="/wiki/Plants_of_the_World_Online" title="Plants of the World Online">Plants of the World Online</a>. <a href="/wiki/Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew" title="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew">Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew</a>. Retrieved 2 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Plants+of+the+World+Online&rft.atitle=Linagrostis+%3Cspan+style%3D%22font-size%3A85%25%3B%22%3EGuett.%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpowo.science.kew.org%2Ftaxon%2F13878-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEriophorum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-IPNI:13876-1-21"><a href="#cite_ref-IPNI:13876-1_21-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipni.org/n/13876-1">"Linagrostis Hill"</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Plant_Names_Index" title="International Plant Names Index">International Plant Names Index</a> (IPNI). <a href="/wiki/Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew" title="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew">Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew</a>; <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Herbaria" title="Harvard University Herbaria">Harvard University Herbaria</a> & <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Library" title="Harvard Library">Libraries</a>; <a href="/wiki/Australian_National_Botanic_Gardens" title="Australian National Botanic Gardens">Australian National Botanic Gardens</a>. Retrieved 2 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Plant+Names+Index+%28IPNI%29&rft.atitle=%3Ci%3ELinagrostis%3C%2Fi%3E+%3Cspan+style%3D%22font-size%3A85%25%3B%22%3EHill%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipni.org%2Fn%2F13876-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEriophorum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-IPNI:13877-1-22"><a href="#cite_ref-IPNI:13877-1_22-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipni.org/n/13877-1">"Linagrostis Zinn"</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Plant_Names_Index" title="International Plant Names Index">International Plant Names Index</a> (IPNI). <a href="/wiki/Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew" title="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew">Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew</a>; <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Herbaria" title="Harvard University Herbaria">Harvard University Herbaria</a> & <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Library" title="Harvard Library">Libraries</a>; <a href="/wiki/Australian_National_Botanic_Gardens" title="Australian National Botanic Gardens">Australian National Botanic Gardens</a>. Retrieved 2 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Plant+Names+Index+%28IPNI%29&rft.atitle=%3Ci%3ELinagrostis%3C%2Fi%3E+%3Cspan+style%3D%22font-size%3A85%25%3B%22%3EZinn%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipni.org%2Fn%2F13877-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEriophorum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-IPNI:13875-1-23"><a href="#cite_ref-IPNI:13875-1_23-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipni.org/n/13875-1">"Linagrostis Tourn. ex Scop."</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Plant_Names_Index" title="International Plant Names Index">International Plant Names Index</a> (IPNI). <a href="/wiki/Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew" title="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew">Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew</a>; <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Herbaria" title="Harvard University Herbaria">Harvard University Herbaria</a> & <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Library" title="Harvard Library">Libraries</a>; <a href="/wiki/Australian_National_Botanic_Gardens" title="Australian National Botanic Gardens">Australian National Botanic Gardens</a>. Retrieved 2 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Plant+Names+Index+%28IPNI%29&rft.atitle=%3Ci%3ELinagrostis%3C%2Fi%3E+%3Cspan+style%3D%22font-size%3A85%25%3B%22%3ETourn.+ex+Scop.%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipni.org%2Fn%2F13875-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEriophorum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEScopoli1772[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgpage58202542page125mode1up_p.&nbsp;47]-24"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScopoli1772[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgpage58202542page125mode1up_p.&nbsp;47]_24-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFScopoli1772">Scopoli (1772)</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/58202542#page/125/mode/1up">p. 47</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-POWO:310258-1-25"><a href="#cite_ref-POWO:310258-1_25-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/310258-1">"Linagrostis vaginata (L.) Scop."</a>. <a href="/wiki/Plants_of_the_World_Online" title="Plants of the World Online">Plants of the World Online</a>. <a href="/wiki/Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew" title="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew">Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew</a>. Retrieved 3 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Plants+of+the+World+Online&rft.atitle=Linagrostis+vaginata+%3Cspan+style%3D%22font-size%3A85%25%3B%22%3E%28L.%29+Scop.%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpowo.science.kew.org%2Ftaxon%2F310258-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEriophorum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-POWO:310255-1-26"><a href="#cite_ref-POWO:310255-1_26-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/310255-1">"Linagrostis alpina (L.) Scop."</a>. <a href="/wiki/Plants_of_the_World_Online" title="Plants of the World Online">Plants of the World Online</a>. <a href="/wiki/Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew" title="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew">Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew</a>. Retrieved 3 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Plants+of+the+World+Online&rft.atitle=Linagrostis+alpina+%3Cspan+style%3D%22font-size%3A85%25%3B%22%3E%28L.%29+Scop.%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpowo.science.kew.org%2Ftaxon%2F310255-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEriophorum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-POWO:310257-1-27"><a href="#cite_ref-POWO:310257-1_27-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/310257-1">"Linagrostis polystachia (L.) Scop."</a>. <a href="/wiki/Plants_of_the_World_Online" title="Plants of the World Online">Plants of the World Online</a>. <a href="/wiki/Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew" title="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew">Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew</a>. Retrieved 3 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Plants+of+the+World+Online&rft.atitle=Linagrostis+polystachia+%3Cspan+style%3D%22font-size%3A85%25%3B%22%3E%28L.%29+Scop.%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpowo.science.kew.org%2Ftaxon%2F310257-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEriophorum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-IPNI:295913-2-28"><a href="#cite_ref-IPNI:295913-2_28-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipni.org/n/295913-2">"Eriophoropsis Palla"</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Plant_Names_Index" title="International Plant Names Index">International Plant Names Index</a> (IPNI). <a href="/wiki/Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew" title="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew">Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew</a>; <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Herbaria" title="Harvard University Herbaria">Harvard University Herbaria</a> & <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Library" title="Harvard Library">Libraries</a>; <a href="/wiki/Australian_National_Botanic_Gardens" title="Australian National Botanic Gardens">Australian National Botanic Gardens</a>. Retrieved 2 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Plant+Names+Index+%28IPNI%29&rft.atitle=%3Ci%3EEriophoropsis%3C%2Fi%3E+%3Cspan+style%3D%22font-size%3A85%25%3B%22%3EPalla%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipni.org%2Fn%2F295913-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEriophorum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-POWO:295913-2-29"><a href="#cite_ref-POWO:295913-2_29-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/295913-2">"Eriophoropsis Palla"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Plants_of_the_World_Online" title="Plants of the World Online">Plants of the World Online</a>. <a href="/wiki/Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew" title="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew">Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew</a>. Retrieved 2 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Plants+of+the+World+Online&rft.atitle=Eriophoropsis+%3Cspan+style%3D%22font-size%3A85%25%3B%22%3EPalla%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpowo.science.kew.org%2Ftaxon%2F295913-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEriophorum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-IPNI:77347168-1-30"><a href="#cite_ref-IPNI:77347168-1_30-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipni.org/n/77347168-1">"Eriophorum subgen. Eriophoropsis (Palla) Raymond"</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Plant_Names_Index" title="International Plant Names Index">International Plant Names Index</a> (IPNI). <a href="/wiki/Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew" title="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew">Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew</a>; <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Herbaria" title="Harvard University Herbaria">Harvard University Herbaria</a> & <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Library" title="Harvard Library">Libraries</a>; <a href="/wiki/Australian_National_Botanic_Gardens" title="Australian National Botanic Gardens">Australian National Botanic Gardens</a>. Retrieved 2 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Plant+Names+Index+%28IPNI%29&rft.atitle=Eriophorum+subgen.+Eriophoropsis+%3Cspan+style%3D%22font-size%3A85%25%3B%22%3E%28Palla%29+Raymond%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipni.org%2Fn%2F77347168-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEriophorum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-IPNI:307364-1-31"><a href="#cite_ref-IPNI:307364-1_31-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipni.org/n/307364-1">"Eriophorum gracile Roth"</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Plant_Names_Index" title="International Plant Names Index">International Plant Names Index</a> (IPNI). <a href="/wiki/Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew" title="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew">Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew</a>; <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Herbaria" title="Harvard University Herbaria">Harvard University Herbaria</a> & <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Library" title="Harvard Library">Libraries</a>; <a href="/wiki/Australian_National_Botanic_Gardens" title="Australian National Botanic Gardens">Australian National Botanic Gardens</a>. Retrieved 20 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Plant+Names+Index+%28IPNI%29&rft.atitle=%3Ci%3EEriophorum+gracile%3C%2Fi%3E+%3Cspan+style%3D%22font-size%3A85%25%3B%22%3ERoth%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipni.org%2Fn%2F307364-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEriophorum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FNA:242357811-32"><a href="#cite_ref-FNA:242357811_32-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBallWujek2002" class="citation cs1">Ball, Peter W.; Wujek, Daniel E. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242357811">"Eriophorum angustifolium"</a>. In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/flora_page.aspx?flora_id=1">Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA)</a>. Vol. 23. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. 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Retrieved 21 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Plant+Names+Index+%28IPNI%29&rft.atitle=%3Ci%3EEriophorum+sect.+Vaginata%3C%2Fi%3E+%3Cspan+style%3D%22font-size%3A85%25%3B%22%3EAndersson%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipni.org%2Fn%2F77346770-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEriophorum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-IPNI:77346771-1-52"><a href="#cite_ref-IPNI:77346771-1_52-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipni.org/n/77346771-1">"Eriophorum sect. Phyllanthela Andersson"</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Plant_Names_Index" title="International Plant Names Index">International Plant Names Index</a> (IPNI). <a href="/wiki/Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew" title="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew">Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew</a>; <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Herbaria" title="Harvard University Herbaria">Harvard University Herbaria</a> & <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Library" title="Harvard Library">Libraries</a>; <a href="/wiki/Australian_National_Botanic_Gardens" title="Australian National Botanic Gardens">Australian National Botanic Gardens</a>. Retrieved 21 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Plant+Names+Index+%28IPNI%29&rft.atitle=%3Ci%3EEriophorum+sect.+Phyllanthela%3C%2Fi%3E+%3Cspan+style%3D%22font-size%3A85%25%3B%22%3EAndersson%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipni.org%2Fn%2F77346771-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEriophorum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFernald1905a-53"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFernald1905a_53-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFernald1905a">Fernald (1905a)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELéveillé-Bourret20187,_36–37,_42,_222-54"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELéveillé-Bourret20187,_36–37,_42,_222_54-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLéveillé-Bourret2018">Léveillé-Bourret (2018)</a>, pp. 7, 36–37, 42, 222. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELarridonZuntiniLéveillé-BourretBarrett2021873-55"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELarridonZuntiniLéveillé-BourretBarrett2021873_55-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLarridonZuntiniLéveillé-BourretBarrett2021">Larridon et al. (2021)</a>, pp. 873. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELéveillé-Bourret201828,_35–36,_42-56">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELéveillé-Bourret201828,_35–36,_42_56-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELéveillé-Bourret201828,_35–36,_42_56-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFLéveillé-Bourret2018">Léveillé-Bourret (2018)</a>, pp. 28, 35–36, 42. </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Collier%27s_New_Encyclopedia_(1921)/Cotton-Grass">"Cotton-Grass" </a>. <a href="/wiki/Collier%27s_Encyclopedia" title="Collier's Encyclopedia">Collier's New Encyclopedia</a>. 1921.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Cotton-Grass&rft.btitle=Collier%27s+New+Encyclopedia&rft.date=1921&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEriophorum" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Eriophorum&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndersson1849" class="citation book cs1">Andersson, Nils Johan (1849). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15347404#page/8/mode/1up">Plantae Scandinaviae descriptionibus et figuris analyticis adumbratae. Fasciculus primus Cyperaceas Scandinaviae complectens</a>. Stockholm. Retrieved 24 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Plantae+Scandinaviae+descriptionibus+et+figuris+analyticis+adumbratae.+Fasciculus+primus+Cyperaceas+Scandinaviae+complectens&rft.place=Stockholm&rft.date=1849&rft.aulast=Andersson&rft.aufirst=Nils+Johan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fpage%2F15347404%23page%2F8%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEriophorum" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFernald1905a" class="citation journal cs1">Fernald, M. L. (1905a). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/562632#page/83/mode/1up">"The North American species of Eriophorum. Part 1: Synopsis of American species"</a>. Rhodora. 7 (77): 81–92. Retrieved 20 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rhodora&rft.atitle=The+North+American+species+of+Eriophorum.+Part+1%3A+Synopsis+of+American+species&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=77&rft.pages=81-92&rft.date=1905&rft.aulast=Fernald&rft.aufirst=M.+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fpage%2F562632%23page%2F83%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEriophorum" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFernald1905b" class="citation journal cs1">Fernald, M. L. (1905b). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/562632#page/134/mode/1up">"The North American species of Eriophorum. Part 2: Notes on the preceding synopsis"</a>. Rhodora. 7 (79): 129–136. Retrieved 20 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rhodora&rft.atitle=The+North+American+species+of+Eriophorum.+Part+2%3A+Notes+on+the+preceding+synopsis&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=79&rft.pages=129-136&rft.date=1905&rft.aulast=Fernald&rft.aufirst=M.+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fpage%2F562632%23page%2F134%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEriophorum" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGilman2015" class="citation book cs1">Gilman, Arthur V. (2015). New Flora of Vermont. Memoirs of The New York Botanical Garden, Volume 110. Bronx, New York, USA: The New York Botanical Garden Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89327-516-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89327-516-7"><bdi>978-0-89327-516-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Flora+of+Vermont&rft.place=Bronx%2C+New+York%2C+USA&rft.series=Memoirs+of+The+New+York+Botanical+Garden%2C+Volume+110&rft.pub=The+New+York+Botanical+Garden+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-89327-516-7&rft.aulast=Gilman&rft.aufirst=Arthur+V.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEriophorum" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGledhill2008" class="citation book cs1">Gledhill, David (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NJ6PyhVuecwC">The Names of Plants</a> (4th ed.). Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-86645-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-86645-3"><bdi>978-0-521-86645-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Names+of+Plants&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-521-86645-3&rft.aulast=Gledhill&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNJ6PyhVuecwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEriophorum" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaines2011" class="citation book cs1">Haines, Arthur (2011). New England Wild Flower Society's Flora Novae Angliae: A Manual for the Identification of Native and Naturalized Higher Vascular Plants of New England. 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Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-17154-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-17154-9"><bdi>978-0-300-17154-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+England+Wild+Flower+Society%27s+Flora+Novae+Angliae%3A+A+Manual+for+the+Identification+of+Native+and+Naturalized+Higher+Vascular+Plants+of+New+England&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-300-17154-9&rft.aulast=Haines&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEriophorum" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLarridonZuntiniLéveillé-BourretBarrett2021" class="citation journal cs1">Larridon, Isabel; Zuntini, Alexandre R.; Léveillé-Bourret, Étienne; Barrett, Russell L.; Starr, Julian R.; Muasya, A. 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University of Ottawa. Retrieved 25 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Evolution+and+classification+of+the+Cariceae-Dulichieae-Scirpeae+Clade+%28Cyperaceae%29&rft.inst=University+of+Ottawa&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=L%C3%A9veill%C3%A9-Bourret&rft.aufirst=%C3%89tienne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fruor.uottawa.ca%2Fitems%2F8388bb63-053c-451a-8e7e-5336b1772d15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEriophorum" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLinnaeus1753" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">Linnaeus, Carl</a> (1753). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/669#/summary">Species Plantarum: exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas</a> (1st ed.). Stockholm: Impensis Laurentii Salvii. Retrieved 28 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Species+Plantarum%3A+exhibentes+plantas+rite+cognitas%2C+ad+genera+relatas%2C+cum+differentiis+specificis%2C+nominibus+trivialibus%2C+synonymis+selectis%2C+locis+natalibus%2C+secundum+systema+sexuale+digestas&rft.place=Stockholm&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Impensis+Laurentii+Salvii&rft.date=1753&rft.aulast=Linnaeus&rft.aufirst=Carl&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fbibliography%2F669%23%2Fsummary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEriophorum" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLinnaeus1754" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Linnaeus, Carl (1754). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/746">Genera plantarum : eorumque characteres naturales secundum numerum, figuram, situm, et proportionem omnium fructificationis partium</a> (in Latin). Holmiæ (Stockholm): Impensis Laurentii Salvii. 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(1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/154505779.pdf">"Achene microstructure in Eriophorum L. (Cyperaceae): systematic implications and paleobotanical applications"</a> (PDF). Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 117 (3): 266–283. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2996695">10.2307/2996695</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2996695">2996695</a>. 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Paris: Imprimerie Royale. Retrieved 3 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%C3%89l%C3%A9ments+de+botanique+ou+methode+pour+conna%C3%AEtre+les+plantes&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Imprimerie+Royale&rft.date=1694&rft.aulast=Tournefort&rft.aufirst=Joseph+Pitton+de&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgallica.bnf.fr%2Fessentiels%2Fnode%2F5559&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEriophorum" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTournefortJussieu1719" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Tournefort, Joseph Pitton de; Jussieu, Antoine de (1719). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ujMVAAAAQAAJ">Josephi Pitton Tournefort Aquisextiensis, doctoris medici Parisiensis, Academiae regiae scientiarum socii, et in horto regio botanices professoris, Institutiones rei herbariae</a> (in Latin). 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(1753), Sp. Pl. 52"</a>. Retrieved 20 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eriophorum+%3Cspan+style%3D%22font-size%3A85%25%3B%22%3EL.%3C%2Fspan%3E+%281753%29%2C+Sp.+Pl.+52&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.binran.ru%2Fresources%2Farchive%2Fpaf%2Fchecklist%2Ftaxonomy%2FHTM%2F032-Cyper2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEriophorum" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipni.org/n/42703-1">"Eriophorum subgen. Phyllanthela (Andersson) T.V.Egorova"</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Plant_Names_Index" title="International Plant Names Index">International Plant Names Index</a> (IPNI). <a href="/wiki/Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew" title="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew">Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew</a>; <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Herbaria" title="Harvard University Herbaria">Harvard University Herbaria</a> & <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Library" title="Harvard Library">Libraries</a>; <a href="/wiki/Australian_National_Botanic_Gardens" title="Australian National Botanic Gardens">Australian National Botanic Gardens</a>. Retrieved 20 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Plant+Names+Index+%28IPNI%29&rft.atitle=Eriophorum+subgen.+Phyllanthela+%3Cspan+style%3D%22font-size%3A85%25%3B%22%3E%28Andersson%29+T.V.Egorova%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipni.org%2Fn%2F42703-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEriophorum" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140103210135/http://emonocot.org/taxon/urn:kew.org:wcs:taxon:244507">"Eriophorum L., Sp. Pl. 52 (1753)"</a>. eMonocot. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://emonocot.org/taxon/urn:kew.org:wcs:taxon:244507">the original</a> on January 3, 2014. Retrieved May 10, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=eMonocot&rft.atitle=Eriophorum+%3Cspan+style%3D%22font-size%3A85%25%3B%22%3EL.%3C%2Fspan%3E%2C+Sp.+Pl.+52+%281753%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Femonocot.org%2Ftaxon%2Furn%3Akew.org%3Awcs%3Ataxon%3A244507&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEriophorum" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wisflora.herbarium.wisc.edu/taxa/index.php?taxon=739">"Eriophorum L."</a>. Flora of Wisconsin. Retrieved 12 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Flora+of+Wisconsin&rft.atitle=Eriophorum+%3Cspan+style%3D%22font-size%3A85%25%3B%22%3EL.%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwisflora.herbarium.wisc.edu%2Ftaxa%2Findex.php%3Ftaxon%3D739&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEriophorum" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.minnesotawildflowers.info/search?scientific_name=Eriophorum">"Search results for: "Eriophorum""</a>. Minnesota Wildflowers. 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Eriophorum</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161739" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q161739">Q161739</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Eriophorum" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Eriophorum">Eriophorum</a></li> <li>BioLib: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id42244">42244</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barcode_of_Life_Data_System" title="Barcode of Life Data System">BOLD</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=124657">124657</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/8VXGV">8VXGV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/29149">29149</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EPPO_Code" title="EPPO Code">EPPO</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/1ERVG">1ERVG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_North_America" title="Flora of North America">FNA</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=112065">112065</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_China_(series)" title="Flora of China (series)">FoC</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=112065">112065</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/2730118">2730118</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germplasm_Resources_Information_Network" title="Germplasm Resources Information Network">GRIN</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomygenus.aspx?id=4405">4405</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/72122">72122</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Plant_Names_Index" title="International Plant Names Index">IPNI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipni.org/n/13751-1">13751-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1331746">1331746</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=40079">40079</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Biodiversity_Network" title="National Biodiversity Network">NBN</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.nbn.org.uk/Taxa/NHMSYS0000458553">NHMSYS0000458553</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" 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text" href="http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/40005388">40005388</a></li> <li>VASCAN: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.canadensys.net/vascan/taxon/1152">1152</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Flora_Online" title="World Flora Online">WFO</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://list.worldfloraonline.org/wfo-4000013860">wfo-4000013860</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: 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191.953 14 Template:If_both"," 9.97% 178.377 47 Template:R/ref"," 6.22% 111.261 18 Template:Sfnp"," 4.94% 88.302 9 Template:Cite_journal"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.125","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":9816658,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAndersson1849\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCrawford1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFernald1905a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFernald1905b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGilman2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGledhill2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHaines2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJiménez-MejíasLuceño2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLarridonZuntiniLéveillé-BourretBarrett2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLinnaeus1753\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLinnaeus1754\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLinnaeus1762\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLéveillé-Bourret2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMicheli1729\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNovoselova1994a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNovoselova1994b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRaymond1954\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReznicekVossWalters2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFScopoli1772\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStarrLéveillé-BourretVuNguyên2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTournefort1694\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTournefortJussieu1719\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTuckerMiller1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTurland1997\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"As of\"] = 2,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Automatic taxobox\"] = 1,\n [\"BONAP\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite Collier's\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite POWO\"] = 13,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 12,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 9,\n [\"Cite thesis\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 8,\n [\"Collapsible list\"] = 1,\n [\"Column\"] = 2,\n [\"Columns-end\"] = 2,\n [\"Columns-start\"] = 2,\n [\"Commons category\"] = 1,\n [\"EFloras\"] = 5,\n [\"IPNI\"] = 14,\n [\"PLANTS\"] = 1,\n [\"R\"] = 30,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfnp\"] = 18,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Small\"] = 83,\n [\"Species list\"] = 1,\n [\"Taxonbar\"] = 1,\n [\"Tropicos\"] = 1,\n [\"Wikispecies\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nItalics in input to the italicize function in Module:eFloras:\t''Eriophorum''\nItalics in input to the italicize function in Module:eFloras:\t''Linagrostis''\nItalics in input to the italicize function in Module:eFloras:\t''Linagrostis''\nItalics in input to the italicize function in Module:eFloras:\t''Linagrostis''\nItalics in input to the italicize function in Module:eFloras:\t''Linagrostis''\nItalics in input to the italicize function in Module:eFloras:\t''Eriophoropsis''\nItalics in input to the italicize function in Module:eFloras:\t''Eriophorum'' subgen.\u0026nbsp;''Eriophoropsis''\nModule:eFloras could not determine a taxonomic rank for the input that it received: Eriophorum subgen.\u0026nbsp;Eriophoropsis\nItalics in input to the italicize function in Module:eFloras:\t''Eriophorum gracile''\nItalics in input to the italicize function in Module:eFloras:\t''Eriophorum russeolum''\nItalics in input to the italicize function in Module:eFloras:\t''Eriophorum crinigerum''\nItalics in input to the italicize function in Module:eFloras:\t''Eriophorum scabriculme''\nItalics in input to the italicize function in Module:eFloras:\t''Eriophorum'' sect.\u0026nbsp;''Vaginata''\nItalics in input to the italicize function in Module:eFloras:\t''Eriophorum'' sect.\u0026nbsp;''Phyllanthela''\nItalics in input to the italicize function in Module:eFloras:\t''Eriophorum subgen. Phyllanthela''\nModule:eFloras could not determine a taxonomic rank for the input that it received: Eriophorum subgen. Phyllanthela\n","limitreport-profile":[["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","180","15.3"],["?","180","15.3"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","160","13.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getEntity","160","13.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::expandTemplate","80","6.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::find","60","5.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getEntityId","40","3.4"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::anchorEncode","40","3.4"],["\u003Cmw.lua:694\u003E","40","3.4"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","40","3.4"],["[others]","200","16.9"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-6f8kn","timestamp":"20241124175039","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Eriophorum","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eriophorum","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q161739","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q161739","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-10-26T07:23:50Z","dateModified":"2024-11-11T04:28:48Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/2\/2d\/Eriophorum_Cotton_Grass.JPG","headline":"genus of plants"}</script> </body> </html>