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calculation</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: area calculation"> <meta name="keywords" content="area calculation"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="area calculation"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 9986</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: area calculation</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9986</span> Reliability of the Estimate of Earthwork Quantity Based on 3D-BIM</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jaechoul%20Shin">Jaechoul Shin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juhwan%20Hwang"> Juhwan Hwang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In case of applying the BIM method to the civil engineering in the area of free formed structure, we can expect comparatively high rate of construction productivity as it is in the building engineering area. In this research, we developed quantity calculation error applying it to earthwork and bridge construction (e.g. PSC-I type segmental girder bridge amd integrated bridge of steel I-girders and inverted-Tee bent cap), NATM (New Austrian Tunneling Method) tunnel construction, retaining wall construction, culvert construction and implemented BIM based 3D modeling quantity survey. we confirmed high reliability of the BIM-based method in structure work in which errors occurred in range between -6% ~ +5%. Especially, understanding of the problem and improvement of the existing 2D-CAD based of quantity calculation through rock type quantity calculation error in range of -14% ~ +13% of earthwork quantity calculation. It is benefit and applicability of BIM method in civil engineering. In addition, routine method for quantity of earthwork has the same error tolerance negligible for that of structure work. But, rock type's quantity calculated as the error appears significantly to the reliability of 2D-based volume calculation shows that the problem could be. Through the estimating quantity of earthwork based 3D-BIM, proposed method has better reliability than routine method. BIM, as well as the design, construction, maintenance levels of information when you consider the benefits of integration, the introduction of BIM design in civil engineering and the possibility of applying for the effectiveness was confirmed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BIM" title="BIM">BIM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D%20modeling" title=" 3D modeling"> 3D modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D-BIM" title=" 3D-BIM"> 3D-BIM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantity%20of%20earthwork" title=" quantity of earthwork"> quantity of earthwork</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6325/reliability-of-the-estimate-of-earthwork-quantity-based-on-3d-bim" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6325.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">442</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9985</span> Location Quotient Analysis: Case Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyed%20Habib%20A.%20Rahmati">Seyed Habib A. Rahmati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamad%20Hasan%20Sadeghpour"> Mohamad Hasan Sadeghpour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parsa%20Fallah%20Sheikhlari"> Parsa Fallah Sheikhlari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Location quotient (LQ) is a comparison technique that represents emphasized economic structure of single zone versus the standard area to identify specialty for every zone. In another words, the exact calculation of this metric can show the main core competencies and critical capabilities of an area to the decision makers. This research focus on the exact calculation of the LQ for an Iranian Province called Qazvin and within a case study introduces LQ of the capable industries of Qazvin. Finally, through different graphs and tables, it creates an opportunity to compare the recognized capabilities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=location%20quotient" title="location quotient">location quotient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=case%20study" title=" case study"> case study</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=province%20analysis" title=" province analysis"> province analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=core%20competency" title=" core competency"> core competency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35805/location-quotient-analysis-case-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35805.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">655</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9984</span> A Comparison of Energy Calculations for a Single-Family Detached Home with Two Energy Simulation Methods</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amir%20Sattari">Amir Sattari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> For newly produced houses and energy renovations, an energy calculation needs to be conducted. This is done to verify whether the energy consumption criteria of the house -to reach the energy targets by 2020 and 2050- are in-line with the norms. The main purpose of this study is to confirm whether easy to use energy calculation software or hand calculations used by small companies or individuals give logical results compared to advanced energy simulation program used by researchers or bigger companies. There are different methods for calculating energy consumption. In this paper, two energy calculation programs are used and the relation of energy consumption with solar radiation is compared. A hand calculation is also done to validate whether the hand calculations are still reasonable. The two computer programs which have been used are TMF Energi (the easy energy calculation variant used by small companies or individuals) and IDA ICE - Indoor Climate and Energy (the advanced energy simulation program used by researchers or larger companies). The calculations are done for a standard house from the Swedish house supplier Fiskarhedenvillan. The method is based on having the same conditions and inputs in the different calculation forms so that the results can be compared and verified. The house has been faced differently to see how the orientation affects energy consumption in different methods. The results for the simulations are close to each other and the hand calculation differs from the computer programs by only 5%. Even if solar factors differ due to the orientation of the house, energy calculation results from different computer programs and even hand calculation methods are in line with each other. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20calculation" title="energy calculation">energy calculation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20consumption" title=" energy consumption"> energy consumption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20simulation" title=" energy simulation"> energy simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IDA%20ICE" title=" IDA ICE"> IDA ICE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TMF%20energi" title=" TMF energi"> TMF energi</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112034/a-comparison-of-energy-calculations-for-a-single-family-detached-home-with-two-energy-simulation-methods" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112034.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">115</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9983</span> The Aspect of the Digital Formation in the Solar Community as One Prototype to Find the Algorithmic Sustainable Conditions in the Global Environment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kunihisa%20Kakumoto">Kunihisa Kakumoto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Purpose: The global environmental problem is now raised in the global dimension. The sprawl phenomenon over the natural limitation is to be made a forecast beforehand in an algorithmic way so that the condition of our social life can hopefully be protected under the natural limitation. The sustainable condition in the globe is now to be found to keep the balance between the capacity of nature and the possibility of our social lives. The amount of water on the earth is limited. Therefore, on the reason, sustainable conditions are strongly dependent on the capacity of water. The amount of water can be considered in relation to the area of the green planting because a certain volume of the water can be obtained in the forest, where the green planting can be preserved. We can find the sustainable conditions of the water in relation to the green planting area. The reduction of CO₂ by green planting is also possible. Possible Measure and the Methods: Until now, by the opportunity of many international conferences, the concept of the solar community as one prototype has been introduced by technical papers. The algorithmic trial calculation on the basic concept of the solar community can be taken into consideration. The concept of the solar community is based on the collected data of the solar model house. According to the algorithmic results of the prototype, the simulation work in the globe can be performed as the algorithmic conversion results. This algorithmic study can be simulated by the amount of water, also in relation to the green planting area. Additionally, the submission of CO₂ in the solar community and the reduction of CO₂ by green planting can be calculated. On the base of these calculations in the solar community, the sustainable conditions on the globe can be simulated as the conversion results in an algorithmic way. The digital formation in the solar community can also be taken into consideration by this opportunity. Conclusion: For the finding of sustainable conditions around the globe, the solar community as one prototype has been taken into consideration. The role of the water is very important because the capacity of the water supply is very limited. But, at present, the cycle of the social community is not composed by the point of the natural mechanism. The simulative calculation of this study can be shown by the limitation of the total water supply. According to this process, the total capacity of the water supply and the capable residential number of the population and the areas can be taken into consideration by the algorithmic calculation. For keeping enough water, the green planting areas are very important. The planting area is also very important to keep the balance of CO₂. The simulative calculation can be performed by the relation between the submission and the reduction of CO₂ in the solar community. For the finding of this total balance and the sustainable conditions, the green planting area and the total amount of water can be recognized by the algorithmic simulative calculation. The study for the finding of sustainable conditions can be performed by the simulative calculations on the algorithmic model in the solar community as one prototype. The example of one prototype can be in balance. The activity of the social life must be in the capacity of the natural mechanism. The capable capacity of the natural environment in our world is very limited. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20solar%20community" title="the solar community">the solar community</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20sustainable%20condition" title=" the sustainable condition"> the sustainable condition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20natural%20limitation" title=" the natural limitation"> the natural limitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20algorithmic%20calculation" title=" the algorithmic calculation"> the algorithmic calculation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152824/the-aspect-of-the-digital-formation-in-the-solar-community-as-one-prototype-to-find-the-algorithmic-sustainable-conditions-in-the-global-environment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152824.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">110</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9982</span> Study of NGL Feed Price Calculation for a Typical NGL Fractionation Plant</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Simin%20Eydivand">Simin Eydivand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Ghanadieslami"> Ali Ghanadieslami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reza%20Amiri"> Reza Amiri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Natural gas liquids (NGLs) are light hydrocarbons that are dissolved in associated or non‐associated natural gas in a hydrocarbon reservoir and are produced within a gas stream. There are different ways to calculate the price of NGL. In this study, a spreadsheet calculation method is used for calculation of NGL price with an attractive economy of IRR 25%. For a typical NGL Plant with 3,200,000 t/y capacity of investment and operation of 90% capacity to have IRR 25%, the price of NGL is calculated 277 $/t. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20gas%20liquid" title="natural gas liquid">natural gas liquid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NGL" title=" NGL"> NGL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LPG" title=" LPG"> LPG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=price" title=" price"> price</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NGL%20fractionation" title=" NGL fractionation"> NGL fractionation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NF" title=" NF"> NF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=investment" title=" investment"> investment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IRR" title=" IRR"> IRR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NPV" title=" NPV"> NPV</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33705/study-of-ngl-feed-price-calculation-for-a-typical-ngl-fractionation-plant" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33705.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">406</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9981</span> An Investigation on Hot-Spot Temperature Calculation Methods of Power Transformers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmet%20Y.%20Arabul">Ahmet Y. Arabul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibrahim%20Senol"> Ibrahim Senol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatma%20Keskin%20Arabul"> Fatma Keskin Arabul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mustafa%20G.%20Aydeniz"> Mustafa G. Aydeniz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasemin%20Oner"> Yasemin Oner</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gokhan%20Kalkan"> Gokhan Kalkan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the standards of IEC 60076-2 and IEC 60076-7, three different hot-spot temperature estimation methods are suggested. In this study, the algorithms which used in hot-spot temperature calculations are analyzed by comparing the algorithms with the results of an experimental set-up made by a Transformer Monitoring System (TMS) in use. In tested system, TMS uses only top oil temperature and load ratio for hot-spot temperature calculation. And also, it uses some constants from standards which are on agreed statements tables. During the tests, it came out that hot-spot temperature calculation method is just making a simple calculation and not uses significant all other variables that could affect the hot-spot temperature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hot-spot%20temperature" title="Hot-spot temperature">Hot-spot temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monitoring%20system" title=" monitoring system"> monitoring system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20transformer" title=" power transformer"> power transformer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20grid" title=" smart grid"> smart grid</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33034/an-investigation-on-hot-spot-temperature-calculation-methods-of-power-transformers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33034.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">572</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9980</span> Numerical Calculation of Heat Transfer in Water Heater</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michal%20Spilacek">Michal Spilacek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martin%20Lisy"> Martin Lisy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marek%20Balas"> Marek Balas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zdenek%20Skala"> Zdenek Skala</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article is trying to determine the status of flue gas that is entering the KWH heat exchanger from combustion chamber in order to calculate the heat transfer ratio of the heat exchanger. Combination of measurement, calculation, and computer simulation was used to create a useful way to approximate the heat transfer rate. The measurements were taken by a number of sensors that are mounted on the experimental device and by a thermal imaging camera. The results of the numerical calculation are in a good correspondence with the real power output of the experimental device. Results show that the research has a good direction and can be used to propose changes in the construction of the heat exchanger, but still needs enhancements. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20exchanger" title="heat exchanger">heat exchanger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer%20rate" title=" heat transfer rate"> heat transfer rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20calculation" title=" numerical calculation"> numerical calculation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20images" title=" thermal images"> thermal images</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26000/numerical-calculation-of-heat-transfer-in-water-heater" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26000.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">616</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9979</span> Dialysis Rehabilitation and Muscle Hypertrophy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Itsuo%20Yokoyama">Itsuo Yokoyama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rika%20Kikuti"> Rika Kikuti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naoko%20Watabe"> Naoko Watabe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: It has been known that chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients can benefit from physical exercise during dialysis therapy improving aerobic capacity, muscle function, cardiovascular function, and overall health-related quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of dialysis rehabilitation. Materials and Methods: A total of 55 patients underwent two-hour resistance exercise training during each hemodialysis session for three consecutive months. Various routine clinical data were collected, including the calculation of the planar dimension of the muscle area in both upper legs at the level of the ischial bone. This area calculation was possible in 26 patients who had yearly plain abdominal computed tomography (CT) scans. DICOM files from the CT scans were used with 3D Slicer software for area calculation. An age and sex-matched group of 26 patients without dialysis rehabilitation also had yearly CT scans during the study period for comparison. Clinical data were compared between the two groups: Group A (rehabilitation) and Group B (non-rehabilitation). Results: There were no differences in basic laboratory data between the two groups. The average muscle area before and after rehabilitation in Group A was 212 cm² and 216 cm², respectively. In Group B, the average areas were 230.0 cm² and 225.8 cm². While there was no significant difference in absolute values, the average percentage increase in muscle area was +1.2% (ranging from -7.6% to 6.54%) for Group A and -2.0% (ranging from -12.1% to 4.9%) for Group B, which was statistically significant. In Group A, 9 of 26 were diabetic (DM), and 13 of 26 in Group B were non-DM. The increase in muscle area for DM patients was 4.9% compared to -0.7% for non-DM patients, which was significantly different. There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of nutritional assessment, Kt/V, or incidence of clinical complications such as cardiovascular events. Considerations: Dialysis rehabilitation has been reported to prevent muscle atrophy by increasing muscle fibers and capillaries. This study demonstrated that muscle volume increased after dialysis exercise, as evidenced by the increased muscle area in the thighs. Notably, diabetic patients seemed to benefit more from dialysis exercise than non-diabetics. Although this study is preliminary due to its relatively small sample size, it suggests that intradialytic physical training may improve insulin utilization in muscle fiber cells, particularly in type II diabetic patients where insulin receptor function and signaling are altered. Further studies are needed to investigate the detailed mechanisms underlying the muscle hypertrophic effects of dialysis exercise. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dialysis" title="dialysis">dialysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=excercise" title=" excercise"> excercise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=muscle" title=" muscle"> muscle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hypertrophy" title=" hypertrophy"> hypertrophy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diabetes" title=" diabetes"> diabetes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=insulin" title=" insulin"> insulin</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191261/dialysis-rehabilitation-and-muscle-hypertrophy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191261.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">19</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9978</span> Improvement of Parallel Compressor Model in Dealing Outlet Unequal Pressure Distribution</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kewei%20Xu">Kewei Xu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jens%20Friedrich"> Jens Friedrich</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kevin%20Dwinger"> Kevin Dwinger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wei%20Fan"> Wei Fan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xijin%20Zhang"> Xijin Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Parallel Compressor Model (PCM) is a simplified approach to predict compressor performance with inlet distortions. In PCM calculation, it is assumed that the sub-compressors’ outlet static pressure is uniform and therefore simplifies PCM calculation procedure. However, if the compressor’s outlet duct is not long and straight, such assumption frequently induces error ranging from 10% to 15%. This paper provides a revised calculation method of PCM that can correct the error. The revised method employs energy equation, momentum equation and continuity equation to acquire needed parameters and replace the equal static pressure assumption. Based on the revised method, PCM is applied on two compression system with different blades types. The predictions of their performance in non-uniform inlet conditions are yielded through the revised calculation method and are employed to evaluate the method’s efficiency. Validating the results by experimental data, it is found that although little deviation occurs, calculated result agrees well with experiment data whose error ranges from 0.1% to 3%. Therefore, this proves the revised calculation method of PCM possesses great advantages in predicting the performance of the distorted compressor with limited exhaust duct. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parallel%20compressor%20model%20%28pcm%29" title="parallel compressor model (pcm)">parallel compressor model (pcm)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=revised%20calculation%20method" title=" revised calculation method"> revised calculation method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inlet%20distortion" title=" inlet distortion"> inlet distortion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=outlet%20unequal%20pressure%20distribution" title=" outlet unequal pressure distribution"> outlet unequal pressure distribution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39155/improvement-of-parallel-compressor-model-in-dealing-outlet-unequal-pressure-distribution" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39155.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">331</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9977</span> Three-Dimensional Fluid-Structure-Thermal Coupling Dynamics Simulation Model of a Gas-Filled Fluid-Resistance Damper and Experimental Verification</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wenxue%20Xu">Wenxue Xu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fluid resistance damper is an important damping element to attenuate vehicle vibration. It converts vibration energy into thermal energy dissipation through oil throttling. It is a typical fluid-solid-heat coupling problem. A complete three-dimensional flow-structure-thermal coupling dynamics simulation model of a gas-filled fluid-resistance damper was established. The flow-condition-based interpolation (FCBI) method and direct coupling calculation method, the unit's FCBI-C fluid numerical analysis method and iterative coupling calculation method are used to achieve the damper dynamic response of the piston rod under sinusoidal excitation; the air chamber inflation pressure, spring compression characteristics, constant flow passage cross-sectional area and oil parameters, etc. The system parameters, excitation frequency, and amplitude and other excitation parameters are analyzed and compared in detail for the effects of differential pressure characteristics, velocity characteristics, flow characteristics and dynamic response of valve opening, floating piston response and piston rod output force characteristics. Experiments were carried out on some simulation analysis conditions. The results show that the node-based FCBI (flow-condition-based interpolation) fluid numerical analysis method and direct coupling calculation method can better guarantee the conservation of flow field calculation, and the calculation step is larger, but the memory is also larger; if the chamber inflation pressure is too low, the damper will become cavitation. The inflation pressure will cause the speed characteristic hysteresis to increase, and the sealing requirements are too strict. The spring compression characteristics have a great influence on the damping characteristics of the damper, and reasonable damping characteristic needs to properly design the spring compression characteristics; the larger the cross-sectional area of the constant flow channel, the smaller the maximum output force, but the more stable when the valve plate is opening. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=damper" title="damper">damper</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluid-structure-thermal%20coupling" title=" fluid-structure-thermal coupling"> fluid-structure-thermal coupling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20generation" title=" heat generation"> heat generation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer" title=" heat transfer"> heat transfer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103736/three-dimensional-fluid-structure-thermal-coupling-dynamics-simulation-model-of-a-gas-filled-fluid-resistance-damper-and-experimental-verification" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103736.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">144</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9976</span> A New Investigation Technique for Improvement of the Cullet for Pottery Glaze</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benchalak%20Muangmeesri">Benchalak Muangmeesri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research is experiment glaze from use cullet that is broken decayed from the used such as, glass bottle, windshield , etc. For seek raw material compensation that is raw material of the glaze in ceramic. The objective of the research for study the ratio of the glaze that is appropriate for glaze ceramic products and evaluate the experiment glaze on the vitreous china. The experiment has limits in using ceramic process such as, using calculation formula with triaxial, the empirical formula’s of Seger, and formula calculation is the percentage of the compound. for choose formula has will the possibility for glaze on vitreous china. The experiments in 108 triaxial can choose best formula and calculate is be left just 6 a formula for the calculation. The calculation is the percentage of the raw materials. Find that, three formulas in six formula there is percentage amount of the raw material that is cullet has the amount the little more 10 percentages then repeated experiment just three formulas. Overall, this research have three formulas for used its and we get all processes achieved and well done. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cullet" title="cullet">cullet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glaze" title=" glaze"> glaze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pottery" title=" pottery"> pottery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ceramic" title=" ceramic"> ceramic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2268/a-new-investigation-technique-for-improvement-of-the-cullet-for-pottery-glaze" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2268.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">271</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9975</span> Efficient DCT Architectures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mr.%20P.%20Suryaprasad">Mr. P. Suryaprasad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Lalitha"> R. Lalitha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents an efficient area and delay architectures for the implementation of one dimensional and two dimensional discrete cosine transform (DCT). These are supported to different lengths (4, 8, 16, and 32). DCT blocks are used in the different video coding standards for the image compression. The 2D- DCT calculation is made using the 2D-DCT separability property, such that the whole architecture is divided into two 1D-DCT calculations by using a transpose buffer. Based on the existing 1D-DCT architecture two different types of 2D-DCT architectures, folded and parallel types are implemented. Both of these two structures use the same transpose buffer. Proposed transpose buffer occupies less area and high speed than existing transpose buffer. Hence the area, low power and delay of both the 2D-DCT architectures are reduced. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transposition%20buffer" title="transposition buffer">transposition buffer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=video%20compression" title=" video compression"> video compression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrete%20cosine%20transform" title=" discrete cosine transform"> discrete cosine transform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20efficiency%20video%20coding" title=" high efficiency video coding"> high efficiency video coding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=two%20dimensional%20picture" title=" two dimensional picture"> two dimensional picture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33624/efficient-dct-architectures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33624.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">521</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9974</span> Study on Accurate Calculation Method of Model Attidude on Wind Tunnel Test</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jinjun%20Jiang">Jinjun Jiang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lianzhong%20Chen"> Lianzhong Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rui%20Xu"> Rui Xu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The accurate of model attitude angel plays an important role on the aerodynamic test results in the wind tunnel test. The original method applies the spherical coordinate system transformation to obtain attitude angel calculation.The model attitude angel is obtained by coordinate transformation and spherical surface mapping applying the nominal attitude angel (the balance attitude angel in the wind tunnel coordinate system) indicated by the mechanism. First, the coordinate transformation of this method is not only complex but also difficult to establish the transformed relationship between the space coordinate systems especially after many steps of coordinate transformation, moreover it cannot realize the iterative calculation of the interference relationship between attitude angels; Second, during the calculate process to solve the problem the arc is approximately used to replace the straight line, the angel for the tangent value, and the inverse trigonometric function is applied. Therefore, in the calculation of attitude angel, the process is complex and inaccurate, which can be solved approximately when calculating small attack angel. However, with the advancing development of modern aerodynamic unsteady research, the aircraft tends to develop high or super large attack angel and unsteadyresearch field.According to engineering practice and vector theory, the concept of vector angel coordinate systemis proposed for the first time, and the vector angel coordinate system of attitude angel is established.With the iterative correction calculation and avoiding the problem of approximate and inverse trigonometric function solution, the model attitude calculation process is carried out in detail, which validates that the calculation accuracy and accuracy of model attitude angels are improved.Based on engineering and theoretical methods, a vector angel coordinate systemis established for the first time, which gives the transformation and angel definition relations between different flight attitude coordinate systems, that can accurately calculate the attitude angel of the corresponding coordinate systemand determine its direction, especially in the channel coupling calculation, the calculation of the attitude angel between the coordinate systems is only related to the angel, and has nothing to do with the change order s of the coordinate system, whichsimplifies the calculation process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attitude%20angel" title="attitude angel">attitude angel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=angel%20vector%20coordinate%20system" title=" angel vector coordinate system"> angel vector coordinate system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iterative%20calculation" title=" iterative calculation"> iterative calculation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spherical%20coordinate%20system" title=" spherical coordinate system"> spherical coordinate system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20tunnel%20test" title=" wind tunnel test"> wind tunnel test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159541/study-on-accurate-calculation-method-of-model-attidude-on-wind-tunnel-test" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159541.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">146</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9973</span> An Intelligent Prediction Method for Annular Pressure Driven by Mechanism and Data</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhaopeng%20Zhu">Zhaopeng Zhu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xianzhi%20Song"> Xianzhi Song</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gensheng%20Li"> Gensheng Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shuo%20Zhu"> Shuo Zhu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shiming%20Duan"> Shiming Duan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xuezhe%20Yao"> Xuezhe Yao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Accurate calculation of wellbore pressure is of great significance to prevent wellbore risk during drilling. The traditional mechanism model needs a lot of iterative solving procedures in the calculation process, which reduces the calculation efficiency and is difficult to meet the demand of dynamic control of wellbore pressure. In recent years, many scholars have introduced artificial intelligence algorithms into wellbore pressure calculation, which significantly improves the calculation efficiency and accuracy of wellbore pressure. However, due to the ‘black box’ property of intelligent algorithm, the existing intelligent calculation model of wellbore pressure is difficult to play a role outside the scope of training data and overreacts to data noise, often resulting in abnormal calculation results. In this study, the multi-phase flow mechanism is embedded into the objective function of the neural network model as a constraint condition, and an intelligent prediction model of wellbore pressure under the constraint condition is established based on more than 400,000 sets of pressure measurement while drilling (MPD) data. The constraint of the multi-phase flow mechanism makes the prediction results of the neural network model more consistent with the distribution law of wellbore pressure, which overcomes the black-box attribute of the neural network model to some extent. The main performance is that the accuracy of the independent test data set is further improved, and the abnormal calculation values basically disappear. This method is a prediction method driven by MPD data and multi-phase flow mechanism, and it is the main way to predict wellbore pressure accurately and efficiently in the future. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiphase%20flow%20mechanism" title="multiphase flow mechanism">multiphase flow mechanism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pressure%20while%20drilling%20data" title=" pressure while drilling data"> pressure while drilling data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wellbore%20pressure" title=" wellbore pressure"> wellbore pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanism%20constraints" title=" mechanism constraints"> mechanism constraints</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=combined%20drive" title=" combined drive"> combined drive</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141436/an-intelligent-prediction-method-for-annular-pressure-driven-by-mechanism-and-data" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141436.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">174</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9972</span> Reservoir Characterization using Comparative Petrophysical Testing Approach Acquired with Facies Architecture Properties Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Axel%20Priambodo">Axel Priambodo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dwiharso%20Nugroho"> Dwiharso Nugroho</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Studies conducted to map the reservoir properties based on facies architecture in which to determine the distribution of the petrophysical properties and calculate hydrocarbon reserves in study interval. Facies Architecture analysis begins with stratigraphic correlation that indicates the area is divided into different system tracts. The analysis of distribution patterns and compiling core analysis with facies architecture model show that there are three estuarine facies appear. Formation evaluation begins with shale volume calculation using Asquith-Krygowski and Volan Triangle Method. Proceed to the calculation of the total and effective porosity using the Bateman-Konen and Volan Triangle Method. After getting the value of the porosity calculation was continued to determine the effective water saturation and non-effective by including parameters of water resistivity and resistivity clay. The results of the research show that the Facies Architecture on the field in divided into three main facies which are Estuarine Channel, Estuarine Sand Bar, and Tidal Flat. The petrophysics analysis are done by comparing different methods also shows that the Volan Triangle Method does not give a better result of the Volume Shale than the Gamma Ray Method, but on the other hand, the Volan Triangle Methode is better on calculating porosity compared to the Bateman-Konen Method. The effective porosity distributions are affected by the distribution of the facies. Estuarine Sand Bar has a low porosity number and Estuarine Channel has a higher number of the porosity. The effective water saturation is controlled by structure where on the closure zone the water saturation is lower than the area beneath it. It caused by the hydrocarbon accumulation on the closure zone. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=petrophysics" title="petrophysics">petrophysics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geology" title=" geology"> geology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=petroleum" title=" petroleum"> petroleum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reservoir" title=" reservoir "> reservoir </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51757/reservoir-characterization-using-comparative-petrophysical-testing-approach-acquired-with-facies-architecture-properties-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51757.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">326</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9971</span> Modelling Railway Noise Over Large Areas, Assisted by GIS</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Conrad%20Weber">Conrad Weber</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The modelling of railway noise over large projects areas can be very time consuming in terms of preparing the noise models and calculation time. An open-source GIS program has been utilised to assist with the modelling of operational noise levels for 675km of railway corridor. A range of GIS algorithms were utilised to break up the noise model area into manageable calculation sizes. GIS was utilised to prepare and filter a range of noise modelling inputs, including building files, land uses and ground terrain. A spreadsheet was utilised to manage the accuracy of key input parameters, including train speeds, train types, curve corrections, bridge corrections and engine notch settings. GIS was utilised to present the final noise modelling results. This paper explains the noise modelling process and how the spreadsheet and GIS were utilised to accurately model this massive project efficiently. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=noise" title="noise">noise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modeling" title=" modeling"> modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GIS" title=" GIS"> GIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rail" title=" rail"> rail</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154298/modelling-railway-noise-over-large-areas-assisted-by-gis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154298.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">122</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9970</span> Climate Adaptability of Vernacular Courtyards in Jiangnan Area, Southeast China</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu%20Bingqing">Yu Bingqing</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Research on the meteorological observation data of conventional meteorological stations in Jiangnan area from 2001 to 2020 and digital elevation DEM, the "golden section" comfort index calculation method was used to refine the spatial estimation of climate comfort in Jiangnan area under undulating terrain on the Gis platform, and its spatiotemporal distribution characteristics in the region were analyzed. The results can provide reference for the development and utilization of climate resources in Jiangnan area.The results show that: ① there is a significant spatial difference between winter and summer climate comfort from low latitude to high latitude. ②There is a significant trend of decreasing climate comfort from low altitude to high altitude in winter, but the opposite is true in summer. ③There is a trend of decreasing climate comfort from offshore to inland in winter, but the difference is not significant in summer. The climate comfort level in the natural lake area is higher in summer than in the surrounding areas, but not in winter. ⑤ In winter and summer, altitude has the greatest influence on the difference in comfort level. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vernacular%20courtyards" title="vernacular courtyards">vernacular courtyards</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20environment" title=" thermal environment"> thermal environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=depth-to-height%20ratio" title=" depth-to-height ratio"> depth-to-height ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20adaptability%EF%BC%8CSoutheast%20China" title=" climate adaptability，Southeast China"> climate adaptability，Southeast China</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185769/climate-adaptability-of-vernacular-courtyards-in-jiangnan-area-southeast-china" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185769.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">57</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9969</span> Research on the Calculation Method of Smartization Rate of Concrete Structure Building Construction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hongyu%20Ye">Hongyu Ye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hong%20Zhang"> Hong Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Minjie%20Sun"> Minjie Sun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hongfang%20Xu"> Hongfang Xu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the context of China's promotion of smart construction and building industrialization, there is a need for evaluation standards for the development of building industrialization based on assembly-type construction. However, the evaluation of smart construction remains a challenge in the industry's development process. This paper addresses this issue by proposing a calculation and evaluation method for the smartization rate of concrete structure building construction. The study focuses on examining the factors of smart equipment application and their impact on costs throughout the process of smart construction design, production, transfer, and construction. Based on this analysis, the paper presents an evaluation method for the smartization rate based on components. Furthermore, it introduces calculation methods for assessing the smartization rate of buildings. The paper also suggests a rapid calculation method for determining the smartization rate using Building Information Modeling (BIM) and information expression technology. The proposed research provides a foundation for the swift calculation of the smartization rate based on BIM and information technology. Ultimately, it aims to promote the development of smart construction and the construction of high-quality buildings in China. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building%20industrialization" title="building industrialization">building industrialization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20quality%20building" title=" high quality building"> high quality building</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20construction" title=" smart construction"> smart construction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smartization%20rate" title=" smartization rate"> smartization rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=component" title=" component"> component</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181557/research-on-the-calculation-method-of-smartization-rate-of-concrete-structure-building-construction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181557.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">70</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9968</span> Integrating Carbon Footprint into Supply Chain Management of Manufacturing Companies: Sri Lanka</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shirekha%20Layangani">Shirekha Layangani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suneth%20Dharmaparakrama"> Suneth Dharmaparakrama</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> When the manufacturing industry is concerned the Environment Management System (EMS) is a common term. Currently most organizations have obtained the environmental standard certification, ISO 14001. In the Sri Lankan context even though the organizations adopt Environmental Management, a very limited number of companies tend to calculate their Carbon Footprints. This research discusses the demotivating factors of manufacturing organizations in Sri Lanka to integrate calculation of carbon footprint into their supply chains. Further it also identifies the benefits that manufacturing organizations can gain by implementing calculation of carbon footprint. The manufacturing companies listed under “ISO 14001” certification were considered in this study in order to investigate the problems mentioned above. 100% enumeration was used when the surveys were carried out. In order to gather essential data two surveys were designed to be done among manufacturing organizations that are currently engaged in calculating their carbon footprint and the organizations that have not. The survey among the first set of manufacturing organizations revealed the benefits the organizations were able to gain by implementing calculation of carbon footprint. The latter set organizations revealed the demotivating factors that have influenced not to integrate calculation of carbon footprint into their supply chains. This paper has summarized the results obtained by the surveys and segregated depending on the market share of the manufacturing organizations. Further it has indicated the benefits that can be obtained by implementing carbon footprint calculation, depending on the market share of the manufacturing entity. Finally the research gives suggestions to manufacturing organizations on applicability of adopting carbon footprint calculation depending on the benefits that can be obtained. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20footprint" title="carbon footprint">carbon footprint</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20management%20systems%20%28EMS%29" title=" environmental management systems (EMS)"> environmental management systems (EMS)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=benefits%20of%20carbon%20footprint" title=" benefits of carbon footprint"> benefits of carbon footprint</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ISO14001" title=" ISO14001"> ISO14001</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21328/integrating-carbon-footprint-into-supply-chain-management-of-manufacturing-companies-sri-lanka" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21328.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">374</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9967</span> A Fast Calculation Approach for Position Identification in a Distance Space</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dawei%20Cai">Dawei Cai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuya%20Tokuda"> Yuya Tokuda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The market of localization based service (LBS) is expanding. The acquisition of physical location is the fundamental basis for LBS. GPS, the de facto standard for outdoor localization, does not work well in indoor environment due to the blocking of signals by walls and ceiling. To acquire high accurate localization in an indoor environment, many techniques have been developed. Triangulation approach is often used for identifying the location, but a heavy and complex computation is necessary to calculate the location of the distances between the object and several source points. This computation is also time and power consumption, and not favorable to a mobile device that needs a long action life with battery. To provide a low power consumption approach for a mobile device, this paper presents a fast calculation approach to identify the location of the object without online solving solutions to simultaneous quadratic equations. In our approach, we divide the location identification into two parts, one is offline, and other is online. In offline mode, we make a mapping process that maps the location area to distance space and find a simple formula that can be used to identify the location of the object online with very light computation. The characteristic of the approach is a good tradeoff between the accuracy and computational amount. Therefore, this approach can be used in smartphone and other mobile devices that need a long work time. To show the performance, some simulation experimental results are provided also in the paper. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indoor%20localization" title="indoor localization">indoor localization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=location%20based%20service" title=" location based service"> location based service</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=triangulation" title=" triangulation"> triangulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fast%20calculation" title=" fast calculation"> fast calculation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20device" title=" mobile device"> mobile device</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86046/a-fast-calculation-approach-for-position-identification-in-a-distance-space" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86046.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">174</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9966</span> Structured Tariff Calculation to Promote Geothermal for Energy Security</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Mariani">Siti Mariani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arwin%20DW%20Sumari"> Arwin DW Sumari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Retno%20Gumilang%20Dewi"> Retno Gumilang Dewi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper analyzes the necessity of a structured tariff calculation for geothermal electricity in Indonesia. Indonesia is blessed with abundant natural resources and a choices of energy resources to generate electricity among other are coal, gas, biomass, hydro to geothermal, creating a fierce competition in electricity tariffs. While geothermal is inline with energy security principle and green growth initiative, it requires a huge capital funding. Geothermal electricity development consists of phases of project with each having its own financial characteristics. The Indonesian government has set a support in the form of ceiling price of geothermal electricity tariff by 11 U.S cents / kWh. However, the government did not set a levelized cost of geothermal, as an indication of lower limit capacity class, to which support is given. The government should establish a levelized cost of geothermal energy to reflect its financial capability in supporting geothermal development. Aside of that, the government is also need to establish a structured tariff calculation to reflect a fair and transparent business cooperation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=load%20fator" title="load fator">load fator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=levelized%20cost%20of%20geothermal" title=" levelized cost of geothermal"> levelized cost of geothermal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geothermal%20power%20plant" title=" geothermal power plant"> geothermal power plant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structured%20tariff%20calculation" title=" structured tariff calculation"> structured tariff calculation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7923/structured-tariff-calculation-to-promote-geothermal-for-energy-security" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7923.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">440</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9965</span> Numerical and Comparative Analysis between Two Composite Plates Notched in Different Shapes and Repaired by Composite</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amari%20Khaoula">Amari Khaoula</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Berrahou%20Mohamed"> Berrahou Mohamed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The topic of our article revolves around a numerical and comparative analysis between two notched Boron/epoxy plates that are U-shaped and the other V-shaped, cracked, and repaired by a rectangular patch of the same composite material; the finite element method was used for the analytical study and comparison of the results obtained for determining the optimal shape of notch which will give a longer life to the repair. In this context, we studied the variation of the stress intensity factor, the evolution of the damaged area, and the calculation of the ratio of the damaged area according to the crack length and the concentration of the Von Mises stresses as a function of the lengths of the paths. According to the results obtained, we conclude that the notch plate U is the optimal one than notch plate V because it has lower values either for the stress intensity factor (SIF), damaged area ratio (Dᵣ), or the Von Mises stresses. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20notch%20U" title="the notch U">the notch U</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20notch%20V" title=" the notch V"> the notch V</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20finite%20element%20method%20FEM" title=" the finite element method FEM"> the finite element method FEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comparison" title=" comparison"> comparison</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rectangular%20patch" title=" rectangular patch"> rectangular patch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite" title=" composite"> composite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress%20intensity%20factor" title=" stress intensity factor"> stress intensity factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=damaged%20area%20ratio" title=" damaged area ratio"> damaged area ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Von%20Mises%20stresses" title=" Von Mises stresses"> Von Mises stresses</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158158/numerical-and-comparative-analysis-between-two-composite-plates-notched-in-different-shapes-and-repaired-by-composite" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158158.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">100</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9964</span> The Influence of Cycle Index of Simulation Condition on Main Bearing Wear Prognosis of Internal Combustion Engine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ziyu%20Diao">Ziyu Diao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yanyan%20Zhang"> Yanyan Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhentao%20Liu"> Zhentao Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ruidong%20Yan"> Ruidong Yan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The update frequency of wear profile in main bearing wear prognosis of internal combustion engine plays an important role in the calculation efficiency and accuracy. In order to investigate the appropriate cycle index of the simplified working condition of wear simulation, the main bearing-crankshaft journal friction pair of a diesel engine in service was studied in this paper. The method of multi-body dynamics simulation was used, and the wear prognosis model of the main bearing was established. Several groups of cycle indexes were set up for the wear calculation, and the maximum wear depth and wear profile were compared and analyzed. The results showed that when the cycle index reaches 3, the maximum deviation rate of the maximum wear depth is about 2.8%, and the maximum deviation rate comes to 1.6% when the cycle index reaches 5. This study provides guidance and suggestions for the optimization of wear prognosis by selecting appropriate value of cycle index according to the requirement of calculation cost and accuracy of the simulation work. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cycle%20index" title="cycle index">cycle index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deviation%20rate" title=" deviation rate"> deviation rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wear%20calculation" title=" wear calculation"> wear calculation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wear%20profile" title=" wear profile"> wear profile</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108766/the-influence-of-cycle-index-of-simulation-condition-on-main-bearing-wear-prognosis-of-internal-combustion-engine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108766.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">168</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9963</span> Energy Consumption and GHG Production in Railway and Road Passenger Regional Transport</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martin%20Kendra">Martin Kendra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tomas%20Skrucany"> Tomas Skrucany</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jozef%20Gnap"> Jozef Gnap</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jan%20Ponicky"> Jan Ponicky</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Paper deals with the modeling and simulation of energy consumption and GHG production of two different modes of regional passenger transport – road and railway. These two transport modes use the same type of fuel – diesel. Modeling and simulation of the energy consumption in transport is often used due to calculation satisfactory accuracy and cost efficiency. Paper deals with the calculation based on EN standards and information collected from technical information from vehicle producers and characteristics of tracks. Calculation included maximal theoretical capacity of bus and train and real passenger’s measurement from operation. Final energy consumption and GHG production is calculated by using software simulation. In evaluation of the simulation is used system ‘well to wheel’. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bus" title="bus">bus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumption%20energy" title=" consumption energy"> consumption energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GHG" title=" GHG"> GHG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=production" title=" production"> production</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=train" title=" train"> train</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40249/energy-consumption-and-ghg-production-in-railway-and-road-passenger-regional-transport" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40249.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">443</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9962</span> Substructure Method for Thermal-Stress Analysis of Liquid-Propellant Rocket Engine Combustion Chamber</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olga%20V.%20Korotkaya">Olga V. Korotkaya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article is devoted to an important problem of calculation of deflected mode of the combustion chamber and the nozzle end of a new liquid-propellant rocket cruise engine. A special attention is given to the methodology of calculation. Three operating modes are considered. The analysis has been conducted in ANSYS software. The methods of conducted research are mathematical modelling, substructure method, cyclic symmetry, and finite element method. The calculation has been carried out to order of S. P. Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation «Energia». The main results are practical. Proposed methodology and created models would be able to use for a wide range of strength problems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=combustion%20chamber" title="combustion chamber">combustion chamber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyclic%20symmetry" title=" cyclic symmetry"> cyclic symmetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20method" title=" finite element method"> finite element method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liquid-propellant%20rocket%20engine" title=" liquid-propellant rocket engine"> liquid-propellant rocket engine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nozzle%20end" title=" nozzle end"> nozzle end</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=substructure" title=" substructure"> substructure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3281/substructure-method-for-thermal-stress-analysis-of-liquid-propellant-rocket-engine-combustion-chamber" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3281.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">506</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9961</span> Experimental Verification of On-Board Power Generation System for Vehicle Application</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manish%20Kumar">Manish Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Krupa%20Shah"> Krupa Shah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The usage of renewable energy sources is increased day by day to overcome the dependency on fossil fuels. The wind energy is considered as a prominent source of renewable energy. This paper presents an approach for utilizing wind energy obtained from moving the vehicle for cell-phone charging. The selection of wind turbine, blades, generator, etc. is done to have the most efficient system. The calculation procedure for power generated and drag force is shown to know the effectiveness of the proposal. The location of the turbine is selected such that the system remains symmetric, stable and has the maximum induced wind. The calculation of the generated power at different velocity is presented. The charging is achieved for the speed 30 km/h and the system works well till 60 km/h. The model proposed seems very useful for the people traveling long distances in the absence of mobile electricity. The model is very economical and easy to fabricate. It has very less weight and area that makes it portable and comfortable to carry along. The practical results are shown by implementing the portable wind turbine system on two-wheeler. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cell-phone%20charging" title="cell-phone charging">cell-phone charging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=on-board%20power%20generation" title=" on-board power generation"> on-board power generation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20energy" title=" wind energy"> wind energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vehicle" title=" vehicle"> vehicle</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78306/experimental-verification-of-on-board-power-generation-system-for-vehicle-application" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78306.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">295</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9960</span> The Distribution and Environmental Behavior of Heavy Metals in Jajarm Bauxite Mine, Northeast Iran</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hossein%20Hassani">Hossein Hassani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Rezaei"> Ali Rezaei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Heavy metals are naturally occurring elements that have a high atomic weight and a density at least five times greater than that of water. Their multiple industrial, domestic, agricultural, medical, and technological applications have led to their wide distribution in the environment, raising concerns over their potential effects on human health and the environment. Environmental protection against various pollutants, such as heavy metals formed by industries, mines and modern technologies, is a concern for researchers and industry. In order to assess the contamination of soils the distribution and environmental behavior have been investigated. Jajarm bauxite mine, the most important deposits have been discovered in Iran, which is about 22 million tons of reserve, and is the main mineral of the Diaspora. With a view to estimate the heavy metals ratio of the Jajarm bauxite mine area and to evaluate the pollution level, 50 samples have been collected and have been analyzed for the heavy metals of As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Ni and Pb with the help of Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometer (ICP- MS). In this study, we have dealt with determining evaluation criteria including contamination factor (CF), average concentration (AV), enrichment factor (EF) and geoaccumulation index (GI) to assess the risk of pollution from heavy metals(As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Ni and Pb) in Jajarm bauxite mine. In the samples of the studied, the average of recorded concentration of elements for Arsenic, Cadmium, Copper, Mercury, Nickel and Lead are 18, 0.11, 12, 0.07, 58 and 51 (mg/kg) respectively. The comparison of the heavy metals concentration average and the toxic potential in the samples has shown that an average with respect to the world average of the uncontaminated soil amounts. The average of Pb and As elements shows a higher quantity with respect to the world average quantity. The pollution factor for the study elements has been calculated on the basis of the soil background concentration and has been categorized on the basis of the uncontaminated world soil average with respect to the Hakanson classification. The calculation of the corrected pollutant degree shows the degree of the bulk intermediate pollutant (1.55-2.0) for the average soil sampling of the study area which is on the basis of the background quantity and the world average quantity of the uncontaminated soils. The provided conclusion from calculation of the concentrated factor, for some of the samples show that the average of the lead and arsenic elements stations are more than the background values and the unnatural metal concentration are covered under the study area, That's because the process of mining and mineral extraction. Given conclusion from the calculation of Geoaccumulation index of the soil sampling can explain that the copper, nickel, cadmium, arsenic, lead and mercury elements are Uncontamination. In general, the results indicate that the Jajarm bauxite mine of heavy metal pollution is uncontaminated area and extract the mineral from the mine, not create environmental hazards in the region. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enrichment%20factor" title="enrichment factor">enrichment factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geoaccumulation%20index" title=" geoaccumulation index"> geoaccumulation index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20metals" title=" heavy metals"> heavy metals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jajarm%20bauxite%20mine" title=" Jajarm bauxite mine"> Jajarm bauxite mine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pollution" title=" pollution"> pollution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48711/the-distribution-and-environmental-behavior-of-heavy-metals-in-jajarm-bauxite-mine-northeast-iran" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48711.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">290</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9959</span> Object-Based Image Analysis for Gully-Affected Area Detection in the Hilly Loess Plateau Region of China Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hu%20Ding">Hu Ding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kai%20Liu"> Kai Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guoan%20Tang"> Guoan Tang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Chinese Loess Plateau suffers from serious gully erosion induced by natural and human causes. Gully features detection including gully-affected area and its two dimension parameters (length, width, area et al.), is a significant task not only for researchers but also for policy-makers. This study aims at gully-affected area detection in three catchments of Chinese Loess Plateau, which were selected in Changwu, Ansai, and Suide by using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The methodology includes a sequence of UAV data generation, image segmentation, feature calculation and selection, and random forest classification. Two experiments were conducted to investigate the influences of segmentation strategy and feature selection. Results showed that vertical and horizontal root-mean-square errors were below 0.5 and 0.2 m, respectively, which were ideal for the Loess Plateau region. The segmentation strategy adopted in this paper, which considers the topographic information, and optimal parameter combination can improve the segmentation results. Besides, the overall extraction accuracy in Changwu, Ansai, and Suide achieved was 84.62%, 86.46%, and 93.06%, respectively, which indicated that the proposed method for detecting gully-affected area is more objective and effective than traditional methods. This study demonstrated that UAV can bridge the gap between field measurement and satellite-based remote sensing, obtaining a balance in resolution and efficiency for catchment-scale gully erosion research. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unmanned%20aerial%20vehicle%20%28UAV%29" title="unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)">unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=object-analysis%20image%20analysis" title=" object-analysis image analysis"> object-analysis image analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gully%20erosion" title=" gully erosion"> gully erosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gully-affected%20area" title=" gully-affected area"> gully-affected area</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Loess%20Plateau" title=" Loess Plateau"> Loess Plateau</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=random%20forest" title=" random forest"> random forest</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90781/object-based-image-analysis-for-gully-affected-area-detection-in-the-hilly-loess-plateau-region-of-china-using-unmanned-aerial-vehicle" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90781.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">218</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9958</span> Numerical Methods versus Bjerksund and Stensland Approximations for American Options Pricing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marasovic%20Branka">Marasovic Branka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aljinovic%20Zdravka"> Aljinovic Zdravka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Poklepovic%20Tea"> Poklepovic Tea</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Numerical methods like binomial and trinomial trees and finite difference methods can be used to price a wide range of options contracts for which there are no known analytical solutions. American options are the most famous of that kind of options. Besides numerical methods, American options can be valued with the approximation formulas, like Bjerksund-Stensland formulas from 1993 and 2002. When the value of American option is approximated by Bjerksund-Stensland formulas, the computer time spent to carry out that calculation is very short. The computer time spent using numerical methods can vary from less than one second to several minutes or even hours. However to be able to conduct a comparative analysis of numerical methods and Bjerksund-Stensland formulas, we will limit computer calculation time of numerical method to less than one second. Therefore, we ask the question: Which method will be most accurate at nearly the same computer calculation time? <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bjerksund%20and%20Stensland%20approximations" title="Bjerksund and Stensland approximations">Bjerksund and Stensland approximations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20analysis" title=" computational analysis"> computational analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finance" title=" finance"> finance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=options%20pricing" title=" options pricing"> options pricing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20methods" title=" numerical methods"> numerical methods</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2832/numerical-methods-versus-bjerksund-and-stensland-approximations-for-american-options-pricing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2832.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">456</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9957</span> Acceleration Techniques of DEM Simulation for Dynamics of Particle Damping</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masato%20Saeki">Masato Saeki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Presented herein is a novel algorithms for calculating the damping performance of particle dampers. The particle damper is a passive vibration control technique and has many practical applications due to simple design. It consists of granular materials constrained to move between two ends in the cavity of a primary vibrating system. The damping effect results from the exchange of momentum during the impact of granular materials against the wall of the cavity. This damping has the advantage of being independent of the environment. Therefore, particle damping can be applied in extreme temperature environments, where most conventional dampers would fail. It was shown experimentally in many papers that the efficiency of the particle dampers is high in the case of resonant vibration. In order to use the particle dampers effectively, it is necessary to solve the equations of motion for each particle, considering the granularity. The discrete element method (DEM) has been found to be effective for revealing the dynamics of particle damping. In this method, individual particles are assumed as rigid body and interparticle collisions are modeled by mechanical elements as springs and dashpots. However, the computational cost is significant since the equation of motion for each particle must be solved at each time step. In order to improve the computational efficiency of the DEM, the new algorithms are needed. In this study, new algorithms are proposed for implementing the high performance DEM. On the assumption that behaviors of the granular particles in the each divided area of the damper container are the same, the contact force of the primary system with all particles can be considered to be equal to the product of the divided number of the damper area and the contact force of the primary system with granular materials per divided area. This convenience makes it possible to considerably reduce the calculation time. The validity of this calculation method was investigated and the calculated results were compared with the experimental ones. This paper also presents the results of experimental studies of the performance of particle dampers. It is shown that the particle radius affect the noise level. It is also shown that the particle size and the particle material influence the damper performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle%20damping" title="particle damping">particle damping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrete%20element%20method%20%28DEM%29" title=" discrete element method (DEM)"> discrete element method (DEM)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=granular%20materials" title=" granular materials"> granular materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20analysis" title=" numerical analysis"> numerical analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equivalent%20noise%20level" title=" equivalent noise level"> equivalent noise level</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29111/acceleration-techniques-of-dem-simulation-for-dynamics-of-particle-damping" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29111.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">453</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=area%20calculation&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=area%20calculation&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=area%20calculation&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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