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Rognvald II Gudfirdsson — Wikipédia

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class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Rognvald II Gudfirdsson</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 8 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-8" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">8 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragnall_Guthfrithson" title="Ragnall Guthfrithson – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ragnall Guthfrithson" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragnall_Guthfrithson" title="Ragnall Guthfrithson – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Ragnall Guthfrithson" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragnall_mac_Gofrith" title="Ragnall mac Gofrith – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ragnall mac Gofrith" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragnall_Guthfrithsson" title="Ragnall Guthfrithsson – galicien" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ragnall Guthfrithsson" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragnall_Guthfrithson" title="Ragnall Guthfrithson – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ragnall Guthfrithson" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB_%D0%93%D1%83%D1%82%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Рагналл Гутфритссон – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Рагналл Гутфритссон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragnall_Guthfrithson" title="Ragnall Guthfrithson – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ragnall Guthfrithson" 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class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Apparence</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">masquer</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipédia, l&#039;encyclopédie libre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><div class="infobox_v3 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive large"><div class="entete icon pretendant" style="background-color:#000080;color:#FFFFFF"><div>Rognvald&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr> Gudfirdsson<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r188801378">.mw-parser-output .entete.pretendant{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Picto_infobox_pr%C3%A9tendant_%C3%A0_un_tr%C3%B4ne.png")}</style></div></div><div><div class="images" style="padding:2px 0"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Silver_penny_of_Ragnall_Guthfrithson_(YORYM_2003.278)_obverse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Silver_penny_of_Ragnall_Guthfrithson_%28YORYM_2003.278%29_obverse.jpg/260px-Silver_penny_of_Ragnall_Guthfrithson_%28YORYM_2003.278%29_obverse.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="402" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Silver_penny_of_Ragnall_Guthfrithson_%28YORYM_2003.278%29_obverse.jpg/390px-Silver_penny_of_Ragnall_Guthfrithson_%28YORYM_2003.278%29_obverse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Silver_penny_of_Ragnall_Guthfrithson_%28YORYM_2003.278%29_obverse.jpg/520px-Silver_penny_of_Ragnall_Guthfrithson_%28YORYM_2003.278%29_obverse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1512" data-file-height="2340" /></a></span></div><div class="legend">Morcea de penny de Ragnall Guthfrithson</div></div><table><caption style="color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;background-color:#000080">Biographie</caption><tbody><tr class=""><th scope="row">Naissance</th><td class=""><div> <span class="wd_p569">Date inconnue<span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3439698?uselang=fr#P569" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span></div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row">Décès</th><td class=""><div> <span class="wd_p570"><time datetime="0945" data-sort-value="0945" class="date-lien"><a href="/wiki/945" title="945">945</a></time><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3439698?uselang=fr#P570" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span></div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row">Activité</th><td class=""><div> <span class="wd_p106"><a href="/wiki/Roi" title="Roi">Roi</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3439698?uselang=fr#P106" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span></div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row">Famille</th><td class=""><div> <a href="/wiki/U%C3%AD_%C3%8Dmair" title="Uí Ímair">Uí Ímair</a></div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row">Père</th><td class=""><div> <span class="wd_p22"><a href="/wiki/Gothfrith_U%C3%AD_%C3%8Dmair" title="Gothfrith Uí Ímair">Gothfrith Uí Ímair</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3439698?uselang=fr#P22" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><p class="navbar noprint bordered navigation-not-searchable" style="border-top:1px solid #000080"><span class="plainlinks" style="text-align:left"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rognvald_II_Gudfirdsson&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=0">modifier</a> - <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rognvald_II_Gudfirdsson&amp;action=edit&amp;section=0">modifier le code</a> - <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3439698" class="extiw" title="d:Q3439698">modifier Wikidata</a></span><span style="text-align:right"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Infobox_Biographie2" title="Documentation du modèle"><img alt="Documentation du modèle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span></p></div> <p><b>Rognvald II Gudfirdsson</b> ou <b>Ragnall Gothfrithson</b> (<a href="/wiki/Vieux_norrois" title="Vieux norrois">vieux norrois</a>&#160;: Rögnvaldr Guðrøðarson, <a href="/wiki/Irlandais" title="Irlandais">irlandais</a>&#160;: Ragnall mac Gofraid) († <a href="/wiki/945" title="945">945</a>). Il est roi du <a href="/wiki/Royaume_viking_d%27York" title="Royaume viking d&#39;York">Royaume viking d'York</a> de <a href="/wiki/943" title="943">943</a> à <a href="/wiki/944" title="944">944</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origine_et_famille">Origine et famille</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rognvald_II_Gudfirdsson&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifier la section : Origine et famille" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rognvald_II_Gudfirdsson&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Origine et famille"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ragnall ou Rægnald Guthfrithson, roi viking, est un fils de <a href="/wiki/Gothfrith_U%C3%AD_%C3%8Dmair" title="Gothfrith Uí Ímair">Gothfrith Uí Ímair</a>, qui règne brièvement à York en <a href="/wiki/927" title="927">927</a> et dans le <a href="/wiki/Royaume_de_Dublin" title="Royaume de Dublin">royaume de Dublin</a> du 921 jusqu'à sa mort en 934. Ragnall a au moins trois frères&#160;: <a href="/wiki/Olaf_Gothfrithson" title="Olaf Gothfrithson">Olaf Gothfrithson</a> († 941), qui succède à leur père à <a href="/wiki/Royaume_de_Dublin" title="Royaume de Dublin">Dublin</a> et qui est aussi le souverain du <a href="/wiki/Royaume_viking_d%27York" title="Royaume viking d&#39;York">royaume viking d'York</a> entre <a href="/wiki/939" title="939">939</a> et <a href="/wiki/941" title="941">941</a>&#160;; <a href="/wiki/Blacair_Gothfrithson" title="Blacair Gothfrithson">Blacair</a> (ou Blacaire comme il est nommé par les sources d'Irlande), qui règne par intermittence à partir de <a href="/wiki/940" title="940">940</a> jusqu'à ce qu'il soit tué par <a href="/wiki/Congalach_Cnogba" title="Congalach Cnogba">Congalach mac Máele Mithig</a> en <a href="/wiki/948" title="948">948</a>&#160;; et Hálfdan, qui est tué par <a href="/wiki/Muirchertach_mac_Neill" title="Muirchertach mac Neill">Muirchertach mac Neill</a> en <a href="/wiki/926" title="926">926</a>. Un anonyme «&#160;fils de Guthfrith&#160;» est aussi connu comme ayant établi sa base à <a href="/wiki/Waterford_(Irlande)" title="Waterford (Irlande)">Waterford</a> en <a href="/wiki/928" title="928">928</a>. Les inexactitudes dans les dates données par les différentes versions de la <i><a href="/wiki/Chronique_anglo-saxonne" title="Chronique anglo-saxonne">Chronique anglo-saxonne</a></i> ont conduit à une confusion entre Ragnall Guthfrithson et son homonyme et prédécesseur, <a href="/wiki/Ragnall_U%C3%AD_%C3%8Dmair" title="Ragnall Uí Ímair">Ragnall Uí Ímair</a> († 920/921) <sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Règne"><span id="R.C3.A8gne"></span>Règne</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rognvald_II_Gudfirdsson&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifier la section : Règne" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rognvald_II_Gudfirdsson&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Règne"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Les confusions entourent également les quelques éléments connus de l'activité de Ragnall. La première mention le concernant dans les <a href="/wiki/Chroniques_d%27Irlande" title="Chroniques d&#39;Irlande">chroniques d'Irlande</a> évoque son fils putatif anonyme <a href="/wiki/Mac_Ragnall" title="Mac Ragnall">Mac Ragnall</a> qui en <a href="/wiki/942" title="942">942</a> effectue un raid sur <a href="/wiki/Downpatrick" title="Downpatrick">Downpatrick</a>, est attaqué par des Vikings rivaux à qui il échappe pour être tué par <a href="/wiki/Matud%C3%A1n_mac_%C3%81eda" title="Matudán mac Áeda">Matudán mac Áeda</a>, roi d'<a href="/wiki/Ulaid" title="Ulaid">Ulaid</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Ragnall lui-même est mentionné pour la première fois à York en association avec <a href="/wiki/Olaf_Gothfrithson" title="Olaf Gothfrithson">Olaf Gothfrithson</a>. Le roi anglais <a href="/wiki/Edmond_Ier_d%27Angleterre" class="mw-redirect" title="Edmond Ier d&#39;Angleterre">Edmond <abbr class="abbr" title="premier">I<sup>er</sup></abbr></a> est à l'origine du baptême d'Óláf, probablement en <a href="/wiki/943" title="943">943</a>. La même année, «&#160;après un intervalle de temps assez grand&#160;»<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, Edmund fait donner à Ragnall la confirmation. La <i>Chronique anglo-saxonne</i> le nomme «&#160;roi&#160;». Savoir si Óláf et Ragnall ont régné conjointement ou en concurrence dépend de l'interprétation donnée aux annales postérieures<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>La <i><a href="/wiki/Historia_regum" title="Historia regum">Historia regum</a></i>, une compilation faite par <a href="/wiki/Sim%C3%A9on_de_Durham" title="Siméon de Durham">Siméon de Durham</a> au <abbr class="abbr" title="12ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&#160;siècle mais qui inclut des textes plus anciens, relève qu'en <a href="/wiki/943" title="943">943</a> les Northumbriens chassent Óláf Sihtricson du royaume. Toutes les versions de la <i>Chronique anglo-saxonne</i> d'autre part, relatent qu'en <a href="/wiki/944" title="944">944</a> le «&#160;Roi Edmund annexe la Northumbrie à son royaume et chasse deux rois, Anlaf le fils de Sihtric, et Rægnald fils de Guthferth &#160;»<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Une explication possible de ces documents est d'envisager que Óláf chassé d'York reste dans le nord afin de contester la domination du royaume scandinave contre Ragnall, jusqu'à ce qu'ils soient expulsés tous les deux par Edmond <abbr class="abbr" title="premier">I<sup>er</sup></abbr>. D'autres interprétations sont cependant possibles. Ragnall et Óláf semblent avoir été tous deux rois à York pendant cette période, tous deux y émettent des pièces de monnaie. Selon le chroniqueur <a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelweard_(historien)" title="Æthelweard (historien)">Æthelweard</a> († 998?), c'est l'évêque (en fait archevêque) <a href="/wiki/Wulfstan_(mort_en_956)" title="Wulfstan (mort en 956)">Wulfstan</a> et un <a href="/wiki/Ealdorman" title="Ealdorman">ealdorman</a> anonyme des <a href="/wiki/Mercie" title="Mercie">Merciens</a> qui chassent les deux rois vikings d'York et les obligent à se soumettre à Edmund. Rien d'autre n'est connu de Ragnall, bien qu'il puisse être le «&#160;roi des Danois &#160;» qui selon un texte médiéval les <a href="/wiki/Annales_de_Clonmacnoise" title="Annales de Clonmacnoise">annales de Clonmacnoise</a> est tué à York par les Saxons en <a href="/wiki/944" title="944">944</a> ou <a href="/wiki/945" title="945">945</a><sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rognvald_II_Gudfirdsson&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rognvald_II_Gudfirdsson&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ODNB-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_1-2">c</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_1-3">d</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text">Marios Costambeys, «&#160;Ragnall [Rægnald] Guthfrithson [Rögnvaldr Guðrøðarson] (fl. 943–944)&#160;», <i>Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</i>, Oxford University Press, 2004.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">à moins qu'il s'agisse d'un fils de <a href="/wiki/Ragnall_U%C3%AD_%C3%8Dmair" title="Ragnall Uí Ímair">Ragnall Uí Ímair</a>&#160;?</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><i>Chronique anglo-saxonne</i> AD 943, texte D.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><i>Chronique anglo-saxonne</i>, AD 944</span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliographie">Bibliographie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rognvald_II_Gudfirdsson&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifier la section : Bibliographie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rognvald_II_Gudfirdsson&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Bibliographie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Renaud_(professeur)" title="Jean Renaud (professeur)">Jean Renaud</a> <i>Les Vikings et les Celtes</i> <a href="/wiki/Ouest-France" title="Ouest-France">Ouest-France</a> Université Rennes (1992) <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/2737309018" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/2737309018"><span class="nowrap">2737309018</span></a>)</small>.</li> <li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a href="/wiki/Alfred_P._Smyth" title="Alfred P. Smyth">Alfred P. Smyth</a> <i>Warlords and Holy Men Scotland ad 80~1000</i>, page 200. <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_University_Press" title="Edinburgh University Press">Edinburgh University Press</a> (1984) <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/0748601007" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/0748601007"><span class="nowrap">0748601007</span></a>)</small></li> <li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Mike Ashley <i>The Mammoth Book of British Kings &amp; Queens (England, Scotland and Wales)</i>, pages 465-466. Robinson, London (1998) <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/1841190969" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/1841190969"><span class="nowrap">1841190969</span></a>)</small></li> <li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Marios Costambeys, «&#160;Ragnall [Rægnald] Guthfrithson [Rögnvaldr Guðrøðarson] (fl. 943–944)&#160;», <i>Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</i>, <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, 2004.</li> <li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Clare Downham, <i>Viking Kings of Britain and Ireland: The Dynasty of Ívarr to A.D. 1014</i>. Dunedin Academic Press 2007. <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-903765-89-0" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-903765-89-0"><span class="nowrap">978-1-903765-89-0</span></a>)</small>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-container" style="clear:both;"> <table class="navbox collapsible noprint autocollapse" style=""> <tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=""><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left"><div class="noprint plainlinks nowrap tnavbar" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000);"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Rois_de_Northumbrie" title="Modèle:Palette Rois de Northumbrie"><abbr class="abbr" title="Voir ce modèle.">v</abbr></a>&#160;· <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Rois_de_Northumbrie&amp;action=edit"><abbr class="abbr" title="Modifier ce modèle. Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.">m</abbr></a></div></div><div style="font-size:110%"><a href="/wiki/Liste_des_rois_de_Northumbrie" title="Liste des rois de Northumbrie">Rois</a> de <a href="/wiki/Northumbrie" title="Northumbrie">Northumbrie</a></div></th> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Bernicie" title="Bernicie">Bernicie</a> (jusqu'en 634)</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ida_(roi_de_Bernicie)" title="Ida (roi de Bernicie)">Ida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glappa" title="Glappa">Glappa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adda_(roi_de_Bernicie)" title="Adda (roi de Bernicie)">Adda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelric_(roi_de_Bernicie)" title="Æthelric (roi de Bernicie)">Æthelric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9odric" title="Théodric">Théodric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frithuwald_(roi_de_Bernicie)" title="Frithuwald (roi de Bernicie)">Frithuwald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hussa" title="Hussa">Hussa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelfrith" title="Æthelfrith">Æthelfrith</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bon article"><img alt="Bon article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/14px-Bon_article.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/21px-Bon_article.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/28px-Bon_article.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Edwin_(roi_de_Northumbrie)" title="Edwin (roi de Northumbrie)">Edwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eanfrith_(roi_de_Bernicie)" title="Eanfrith (roi de Bernicie)">Eanfrith</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Deira" title="Deira">Deira</a> (jusqu'en 679)</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86lle_(roi_du_Deira)" title="Ælle (roi du Deira)">Ælle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelric_(roi_du_Deira)" title="Æthelric (roi du Deira)">Æthelric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelfrith" title="Æthelfrith">Æthelfrith</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bon article"><img alt="Bon article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/14px-Bon_article.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/21px-Bon_article.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/28px-Bon_article.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Edwin_(roi_de_Northumbrie)" title="Edwin (roi de Northumbrie)">Edwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osric_(roi_du_Deira)" title="Osric (roi du Deira)">Osric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswald_(roi_de_Northumbrie)" title="Oswald (roi de Northumbrie)">Oswald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswiu" title="Oswiu">Oswiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswine_(roi_du_Deira)" title="Oswine (roi du Deira)">Oswine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%92thelwald" title="Œthelwald">Œthelwald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alhfrith" title="Alhfrith">Alhfrith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86lfwine_(roi_du_Deira)" title="Ælfwine (roi du Deira)">Ælfwine</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Northumbrie (604-867)</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelfrith" title="Æthelfrith">Æthelfrith</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bon article"><img alt="Bon article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/14px-Bon_article.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/21px-Bon_article.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/28px-Bon_article.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Edwin_(roi_de_Northumbrie)" title="Edwin (roi de Northumbrie)">Edwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswald_(roi_de_Northumbrie)" title="Oswald (roi de Northumbrie)">Oswald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswiu" title="Oswiu">Oswiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecgfrith_(roi_de_Northumbrie)" title="Ecgfrith (roi de Northumbrie)">Ecgfrith</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bon article"><img alt="Bon article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/14px-Bon_article.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/21px-Bon_article.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/28px-Bon_article.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Aldfrith" title="Aldfrith">Aldfrith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eadwulf_(roi_de_Northumbrie)" title="Eadwulf (roi de Northumbrie)">Eadwulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osred_Ier" title="Osred Ier">Osred <abbr class="abbr" title="premier">I<sup>er</sup></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cenred_(roi_de_Northumbrie)" title="Cenred (roi de Northumbrie)">Cenred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osric_(roi_de_Northumbrie)" title="Osric (roi de Northumbrie)">Osric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceolwulf_(roi_de_Northumbrie)" title="Ceolwulf (roi de Northumbrie)">Ceolwulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eadberht_(roi_de_Northumbrie)" title="Eadberht (roi de Northumbrie)">Eadberht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswulf" title="Oswulf">Oswulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelwald_Moll" title="Æthelwald Moll">Æthelwald Moll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alhred" title="Alhred">Alhred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelred_Ier_(roi_de_Northumbrie)" title="Æthelred Ier (roi de Northumbrie)">Æthelred <abbr class="abbr" title="premier">I<sup>er</sup></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86lfwald_Ier" title="Ælfwald Ier">Ælfwald <abbr class="abbr" title="premier">I<sup>er</sup></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osred_II" title="Osred II">Osred II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelred_Ier_(roi_de_Northumbrie)" title="Æthelred Ier (roi de Northumbrie)">Æthelred <abbr class="abbr" title="premier">I<sup>er</sup></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osbald" title="Osbald">Osbald</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bon article"><img alt="Bon article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/14px-Bon_article.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/21px-Bon_article.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/28px-Bon_article.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Eardwulf_(roi_de_Northumbrie)" title="Eardwulf (roi de Northumbrie)">Eardwulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86lfwald_II" title="Ælfwald II">Ælfwald II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eanred" title="Eanred">Eanred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelred_II_(roi_de_Northumbrie)" title="Æthelred II (roi de Northumbrie)">Æthelred II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A6dwulf" title="Rædwulf">Rædwulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelred_II_(roi_de_Northumbrie)" title="Æthelred II (roi de Northumbrie)">Æthelred II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osberht" title="Osberht">Osberht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86lle_(roi_de_Northumbrie)" title="Ælle (roi de Northumbrie)">Ælle</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Northumbrie (867-954)</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecgberht_Ier_(roi_de_Northumbrie)" title="Ecgberht Ier (roi de Northumbrie)">Ecgberht <abbr class="abbr" title="premier">I<sup>er</sup></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricsige" title="Ricsige">Ricsige</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecgberht_II_(roi_de_Northumbrie)" title="Ecgberht II (roi de Northumbrie)">Ecgberht II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halfdan_Ragnarsson" title="Halfdan Ragnarsson">Halfdan Ragnarsson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothfrith_d%27York" title="Gothfrith d&#39;York">Gothfrith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigfrith_d%27York" title="Sigfrith d&#39;York">Sigfrith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knut_d%27York" title="Knut d&#39;York">Cnut</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bon article"><img alt="Bon article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/14px-Bon_article.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/21px-Bon_article.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/28px-Bon_article.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelwold_(fils_d%27%C3%86thelred)" title="Æthelwold (fils d&#39;Æthelred)">Æthelwold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airdeconut" title="Airdeconut">Airdeconut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eowils_et_Halfdan" title="Eowils et Halfdan">Eowils et Halfdan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eadwulf_II_de_Northumbrie" title="Eadwulf II de Northumbrie">Eadwulf (II)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ealdred_de_Northumbrie" title="Ealdred de Northumbrie">Ealdred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragnall_U%C3%AD_%C3%8Dmair" title="Ragnall Uí Ímair">Ragnall ua Ímair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigtryggr_Caoch" title="Sigtryggr Caoch">Sihtric Cáech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothfrith_U%C3%AD_%C3%8Dmair" title="Gothfrith Uí Ímair">Gofraid ua Ímair</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bon article"><img alt="Bon article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/14px-Bon_article.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/21px-Bon_article.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/28px-Bon_article.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelstan" title="Æthelstan">Æthelstan</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bon article"><img alt="Bon article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/14px-Bon_article.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/21px-Bon_article.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/28px-Bon_article.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Olaf_Gothfrithson" title="Olaf Gothfrithson">Amlaíb mac Gofraid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olaf_Kvaran" title="Olaf Kvaran">Amlaíb Cuarán</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ragnall mac Gofraid</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bon article"><img alt="Bon article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/14px-Bon_article.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/21px-Bon_article.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/28px-Bon_article.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Edmond_Ier" title="Edmond Ier">Edmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89ric_%C3%A0_la_Hache_sanglante" title="Éric à la Hache sanglante">Éric</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bon article"><img alt="Bon article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/14px-Bon_article.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/21px-Bon_article.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/28px-Bon_article.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Eadred" title="Eadred">Eadred</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-banner" style="" colspan="2">Voir aussi les <a href="/wiki/Comte_de_Northumbrie" title="Comte de Northumbrie">comtes de Northumbrie</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:%C3%82ge_des_Vikings" title="Portail Âge des Vikings"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vikingshipshortened.png/48px-Vikingshipshortened.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vikingshipshortened.png/72px-Vikingshipshortened.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vikingshipshortened.png/96px-Vikingshipshortened.png 2x" data-file-width="295" data-file-height="131" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:%C3%82ge_des_Vikings" title="Portail:Âge des Vikings">Portail Âge des Vikings</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Anglo-Saxons" title="Portail des Anglo-Saxons"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Sutton_Hoo_helmet_2016.png/17px-Sutton_Hoo_helmet_2016.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Sutton_Hoo_helmet_2016.png/25px-Sutton_Hoo_helmet_2016.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Sutton_Hoo_helmet_2016.png/33px-Sutton_Hoo_helmet_2016.png 2x" data-file-width="1949" data-file-height="2791" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Anglo-Saxons" title="Portail:Anglo-Saxons">Portail des Anglo-Saxons</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Monarchie" title="Portail de la monarchie"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/French_heraldic_crowns_-_King.svg/32px-French_heraldic_crowns_-_King.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/French_heraldic_crowns_-_King.svg/48px-French_heraldic_crowns_-_King.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/French_heraldic_crowns_-_King.svg/65px-French_heraldic_crowns_-_King.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="287" data-file-height="214" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Monarchie" title="Portail:Monarchie">Portail de la monarchie</a></span> </span></li> </ul> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐76c6b8f495‐fbjd6 Cached time: 20241128142256 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.404 seconds Real time usage: 0.615 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1167/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 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