Discover our Research

<!DOCTYPE html> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="no-js" lang="en" xml:lang="en"> <head><script type='text/javascript'>window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('consent', 'default', { ad_storage: 'denied', analytics_storage: 'denied', functionality_storage: 'denied', personalization_storage: 'denied', security_storage: 'granted', ad_user_data: 'denied', ad_personalization: 'denied', 'wait_for_update': 500 }); </script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://cdn.cookielaw.org/consent/a8db6e5f-20c8-46f0-86d7-2835a0229013/OtAutoBlock.js' ></script> <script src='https://cdn.cookielaw.org/scripttemplates/otSDKStub.js' data-document-language='true' type='text/javascript' charset='UTF-8' data-domain-script='a8db6e5f-20c8-46f0-86d7-2835a0229013'></script> <script type='text/javascript'>function OptanonWrapper() { }</script><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-W6GBKT9');</script><title>Discover our Research — Research</title><meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /><meta property="og:site_name" content="Research / Onderzoek" /><meta property="og:title" content="Discover our Research" /><meta property="og:type" content="website" /><meta property="og:description" content="KU Leuven profiles as a research-intensive university that belongs amongst the best in Europe. The emphasis is on excellence, internationalisation, interdisciplinarity, impact and integrity. Each of these objectives are realised according to three basic factors: researchers, their resources and their surroundings." /><meta property="og:url" content="https://research.kuleuven.be/en/research-areas" /><meta property="og:image" content="https://research.kuleuven.be/++resource++plone-logo.svg" /><meta property="og:image:type" content="image/svg+xml" /><meta name="description" content="KU Leuven profiles as a research-intensive university that belongs amongst the best in Europe. The emphasis is on excellence, internationalisation, interdisciplinarity, impact and integrity. Each of these objectives are realised according to three basic factors: researchers, their resources and their surroundings." /><meta name="DC.description" content="KU Leuven profiles as a research-intensive university that belongs amongst the best in Europe. The emphasis is on excellence, internationalisation, interdisciplinarity, impact and integrity. Each of these objectives are realised according to three basic factors: researchers, their resources and their surroundings." /><meta name="DC.date.created" content="2022-04-07T10:04:15+01:00" /><meta name="DC.date.modified" content="2023-02-23T14:16:40+01:00" /><meta name="DC.type" content="Page" /><meta name="DC.format" content="text/html" /><meta name="DC.language" content="en" /><meta name="DC.date.valid_range" content="2023/02/08 - " /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//stijl.kuleuven.be/releases/latest/img/favicon.png" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://research.kuleuven.be/en/research-areas" /><link href="https://research.kuleuven.be/en/@@search" rel="search" title="Search this site" /><link data-bundle="collective.quickupload.uploadify" href="https://research.kuleuven.be/++webresource++d8447c31-cb62-5e50-b3f2-90af0e386241/++resource++quickupload_static/uploadify.css" media="all" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /><link data-bundle="collective.quickupload.fileuploader" href="https://research.kuleuven.be/++webresource++87d24f12-da88-5fca-8657-21c181543c6b/++resource++quickupload_static/fileuploader.css" media="all" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /><link data-bundle="easyform" href="https://research.kuleuven.be/++webresource++b6e63fde-4269-5984-a67a-480840700e9a/++resource++easyform.css" media="all" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /><link data-bundle="faceted.jquery" href="https://research.kuleuven.be/++webresource++d5804eac-48ee-5c69-8389-75ac65829cb3/++plone++facetednavigation/faceted-jquery.min.css" media="all" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /><link data-bundle="faceted.view" href="https://research.kuleuven.be/++webresource++96c3556c-9d70-5d58-951a-ff5109db53b8/++plone++facetednavigation/faceted-view.min.css" media="all" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /><link data-bundle="faceted.edit" href="https://research.kuleuven.be/++webresource++688bdb99-253c-5b8b-bd8b-90f9b92d6ab0/++plone++facetednavigation/faceted-edit.min.css" media="all" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /><link data-bundle="kuleuven-fonts-css" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Material+Icons&family=Source+Sans+Pro:ital,wght@0,400;0,600;0,700;1,400;1,600;1,700&family=Source+Serif+Pro:ital,wght@0,400;0,600;0,700;1,400;1,600;1,700&display=swap" media="all" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /><link data-bundle="kuleuven-staff-bundle" href="https://research.kuleuven.be/++webresource++8b0aff1f-678f-5b2f-9281-18c72aeca304/++plone++kuleuven.staff/staff.css" media="all" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /><link data-bundle="kuleuven-theme-bundle" href="https://research.kuleuven.be/++webresource++ee0c89ef-55ec-5ccd-85fc-ef1560015c63/++theme++ku-leuven-theme/styles/theme.min.css" media="all" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /><link data-bundle="kuleuven-housestyle-css" href="https://stijl.kuleuven.be/releases/600/css/wms.css" media="all" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /><link data-bundle="plone-fullscreen" href="https://research.kuleuven.be/++webresource++ac83a459-aa2c-5a45-80a9-9d3e95ae0847/++plone++static/plone-fullscreen/fullscreen.css" media="all" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /><script data-bundle="plone-fullscreen" integrity="sha384-yAbXscL0aoE/0AkFhaGNz6d74lDy9Cz7PXfkWNqRnFm0/ewX0uoBBoyPBU5qW7Nr" src="https://research.kuleuven.be/++webresource++6aa4c841-faf5-51e8-8109-90bd97e7aa07/++plone++static/plone-fullscreen/fullscreen.js"></script><script data-bundle="plone" integrity="sha384-aijz8WVywzoa9lW2citE/nPhYzJWHx2WKnRy2c7wRzQah6h45fib0hUCiqZycFjv" src="https://research.kuleuven.be/++webresource++ad7863d4-668c-5639-96bb-0c5c4c46d54b/++plone++static/bundle-plone/bundle.min.js"></script><script async="True" data-bundle="faceted.jquery" defer="True" integrity="sha384-Ofmq/ugkJSU/yCLuiyhTTiB+b5JnrNeXCgK7gkjNaIKwYnXpnyv1jSFyMSf3fPjC" src="https://research.kuleuven.be/++webresource++a4f06bff-41b9-589a-9c53-a3cae5dd93e3/++plone++facetednavigation/faceted-jquery.min.js"></script><script async="True" data-bundle="faceted.view" defer="True" integrity="sha384-+T6rtFxLhdfgxF6bbwq83ndwLqPQicaVp/cgM61jwK3O2tBhnYjhLndj84A5UfTm" src="https://research.kuleuven.be/++webresource++f1d185e2-8a9a-5a28-b6b7-0b6e4bbf35da/++plone++facetednavigation/faceted-view.min.js"></script><script async="True" data-bundle="faceted.edit" defer="True" integrity="sha384-vEz64MVbeerkh5k5x5CpPxZBe3O7ZML/rmSlWwicW7HjBmTOLtFVct6iPUKfHWDo" src="https://research.kuleuven.be/++webresource++9ff7b2fc-bb60-5b7e-a094-49a1fe46d833/++plone++facetednavigation/faceted-edit.min.js"></script><script data-bundle="collective.quickupload.uploadify" integrity="sha384-C4/VF8nQO87QjMQdclEh0bMunovnrQvDgyAd8maZRAMo0FVdl6gbTZRcOT2mqZ43" src="https://research.kuleuven.be/++webresource++9632347a-86f7-5a0b-b950-5e96d3f3f53a/++resource++quickupload_static/jquery.uploadify.js"></script><script data-bundle="collective.quickupload.fileuploader" integrity="sha384-0kcuY/Fi19SNhcChNhPKDcFFbdtazE+ECSubAEZeNspuYXpEkST+UhkahlNlDejC" src="https://research.kuleuven.be/++webresource++43a69a20-361e-50af-abb1-f4296d386cc5/++resource++quickupload_static/fileuploader.js"></script><script data-bundle="collective.quickupload.helpers" integrity="sha384-199pRmTitY4DH7qig/ad/LPwO/62+w9uDVubX9RSm6y1zH9w803qMUUdYHsQhEaY" src="https://research.kuleuven.be/++webresource++6b561814-6710-588e-97de-39bd8c949a5b/++resource++quickupload_static/helpers.js"></script><script> require = undefined; define = undefined; </script></head> <body id="visual-portal-wrapper" dir="ltr" class="
 six at_onderzoek - col-content frontend icons-on portaltype-document section-research-areas site-en subsection-index template-document_view thumbs-on userrole-anonymous viewpermission-view" data-base-url="https://research.kuleuven.be/en/research-areas/index" data-view-url="https://research.kuleuven.be/en/research-areas/index" data-portal-url="https://research.kuleuven.be" data-i18ncatalogurl="https://research.kuleuven.be/plonejsi18n" data-pat-pickadate="{"date": {"selectYears": 200}, "time": {"interval": 5 } }" data-pat-plone-modal="{"actionOptions": {"displayInModal": false}}"><section id="edit-bar" role="toolbar"></section><div class="l-page">  <nav class="global-header 600 noindex hidden-print"> <div class="container"> <div class="logoblock"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://www.kuleuven.be/english/"><img alt="logo-kuleuven" src="https://stijl.kuleuven.be/releases/latest/img/svg/logo.svg" width="120" /></a> <a href="https://www.kuleuven.be/600/"><img alt="logo-600" src="https://stijl.kuleuven.be/releases/600a/img/600/logo-600-white.png" width="80" /></a> </div> <div class="controls"> <a class="btn btn-ext btn-home" href="https://www.kuleuven.be/english/">KU Leuven Home</a> <a href="#" class="btn-toggle hidden-xl-up js-flyout-toggle flyout-toggle collapsed" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="flyout-menu" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#flyout-menu"> <span class="lines"></span></a> </div> </div> </nav>   <nav class="local-header"> <div class="container container-relative"> <nav class="nav-header"> <h2> <a href="https://research.kuleuven.be/en"> Research </a> <a href="#" class="btn-toggle hidden-lg-up" role="button" aria-expanded="false" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#local-header" aria-controls="local-header"><span class="lines"></span></a> </h2> </nav> <nav class="nav-tabs nav-more collapse" id="local-header"> <ul id="portal-globalnav"><li><a href="https://research.kuleuven.be/en/research-areas/index">Discover our Research</a></li><li><a href="https://research.kuleuven.be/en/career/index">Career</a></li><li><a href="https://research.kuleuven.be/en/research-funding/index">Research Funding</a></li><li><a href="https://research.kuleuven.be/en/collaborate/index">Collaborate</a></li><li><a href="https://research.kuleuven.be/en/contact/index">Contact</a></li></ul> </nav> </div> </nav>  <div class="kuleuven-banner"></div>  <div role="main"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <aside id="global_statusmessage"> <div> </div> </aside> </div> <div class="row">  <div id="above-content" class="col-xs-12"> <nav id="portal-breadcrumbs" aria-label="breadcrumb"> <div class="container"> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li class="breadcrumb-item"><a href="https://research.kuleuven.be/en">Home</a></li> <li class="breadcrumb-item active" aria-current="page">Discover our Research</li> </ol> </div> </nav> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12">  <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12"> <article id="content"> <header> <div id="viewlet-above-content-title"><span id="social-tags-body" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/WebPage" style="display: none"> <span itemprop="name">Discover our Research</span> <span itemprop="description">KU Leuven profiles as a research-intensive university that belongs amongst the best in Europe. The emphasis is on excellence, internationalisation, interdisciplinarity, impact and integrity. Each of these objectives are realised according to three basic factors: researchers, their resources and their surroundings.</span> <span itemprop="url">https://research.kuleuven.be/en/research-areas</span> <span itemprop="image">https://research.kuleuven.be/++resource++plone-logo.svg</span> </span> </div> <h1>Discover our Research</h1> <div id="viewlet-below-content-title"></div>  <div class="documentDescription description">KU Leuven profiles as a research-intensive university that belongs amongst the best in Europe. The emphasis is on excellence, internationalisation, interdisciplinarity, impact and integrity. Each of these objectives are realised according to three basic factors: researchers, their resources and their surroundings.</div>  <div id="viewlet-below-content-description"></div> </header> <div id="viewlet-above-content-body"> </div> <div id="content-core"> <section id="section-text"> <div data-pat-autotoc="prependTo:#autotoc-container;levels:h1,h2,h3,h4" class="" id="parent-fieldname-text"><div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-3"> <div class="kul-card-image card card-secondary"> <div class="card-img-top" style="background-image: url("https://research.kuleuven.be/en/research-areas/key-areas/images/bibliotheek.jpg/@@images/image");"> </div> <div class="card-body"> <p style="text-align: center;"><a class="btn btn-ghost" href="https://research.kuleuven.be/en/research-areas/key-areas/index" role="button">All our Key Areas</a></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-3"> <div class="kul-card-image card card-gray"> <div class="card-img-top" style="background-image: url("https://research.kuleuven.be/en/research-areas/key-areas/img-keyareas/human4.jpg/@@images/image");"> </div> <div class="card-body"> <p style="text-align: center;"><a class="btn btn-secondary-outline btn-block" href="https://research.kuleuven.be/en/research-areas/key-areas/human-health" role="button">Human Health</a></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-3"> <div class="kul-card-image card card-gray"> <div class="card-img-top" style="background-image: url("https://research.kuleuven.be/en/research-areas/key-areas/img-keyareas/energytech2.jpg/@@images/image");"> </div> <div class="card-body"> <p><a class="btn btn-secondary-outline btn-block" href="https://research.kuleuven.be/en/research-areas/key-areas/matter-materials-energy" role="button">Matter, Materials<br /> & Energy</a></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-3"> <div class="kul-card-image card card-gray"> <div class="card-img-top" style="background-image: url("https://research.kuleuven.be/en/research-areas/key-areas/img-keyareas/behavior2.jpg/@@images/image");"> </div> <div class="card-body"> <p style="text-align: center;"><a class="btn btn-secondary-outline btn-block" href="https://research.kuleuven.be/en/research-areas/key-areas/human-behavior" role="button">Human Behavior</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-8"> <div class="kul-card-color card card-primary"> <div class="card-body"> <h2>Why KU Leuven</h2> <p>With its concentration of intellectual capital, excellent infrastructure and a convenient, well-connected location, Leuven is an exciting and creative hotspot for research and innovation. Together with Heidelberg, Maastricht and Copenhagen, Leuven forms part of Health Axis Europe, an alliance dedicated to stimulating innovation and competition in healthcare technology. The Leuven campus is more than just a location. It’s a community of minds, helping our students, researchers and staff lead happier and more fulfilling lives, and creating the academic entrepreneurs of tomorrow.</p> <p><a class="more" href="https://www.kuleuven.be/english/about-kuleuven/">More about KU Leuven</a></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-4"> <div class="kul-card-image card card-primary"> <div class="card-img-top" style="background-image: url("https://research.kuleuven.be/en/images/slidefotos/bibliotheek.jpg/@@images/image/preview");"> </div> <blockquote> <p style="text-align: center;"> </p> </blockquote> <h3 style="text-align: center;">#42 in the Times Higher Education World University Ranking (2022) </h3> </div> </div> </div> <div class="kul-card-image card card-gray card-50-50"> <div class="card-img-left" style="background-image: url("https://stories.kuleuven.be/files/_1800x1125_crop_center-center_82_line/shutterstock_794528230-web.jpg");"> </div> <div class="card-body"> <p><span class="card-tag">KU Leuven Story</span></p> <h2>Artificial Intelligence: will intelligence come with time?</h2> <p>Smart traffic cameras that wrongly issue fines, robots that get blackouts after learning a simple new task, or a self-driving car that ends up in the ditch because it does not know the concept ‘bend’. These are just a few examples of artificial intelligence ‘having a bad day’. Researchers at KU Leuven try to make AI systems more flexible and to ensure that they become genuinely intelligent (and faultless).</p> <p><span class="card-tag">Seven minute read</span></p> <p><a class="btn btn-ghost" href="https://stories.kuleuven.be/en/stories/ai-will-intelligence-come-with-time">Read the story</a></p> </div> </div> <h2>Central Support Services</h2> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-4"> <div class="kul-card-color card card-secondary"> <div class="card-body"> <h3>Research Coordination Office</h3> <p>We inform, stimulate and support<br /> KU Leuven researchers in performing research & securing research funding.</p> <p><a class="btn btn-ghost" href="https://research.kuleuven.be/en/contact">Contact us</a></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-4"> <div class="kul-card-color card card-secondary"> <div class="card-body"> <h3>Knowledge & Technology Transfer</h3> <p>KU Leuven Research & Development advances the impact of research results on people's lives across the globe.</p> <p><a class="more" href="https://lrd.kuleuven.be/en">More on KU Leuven Research & Development</a></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-4"> <div class="kul-card-color card card-secondary"> <div class="card-body"> <h3>International Office</h3> <p>Together with our multinational staff, alumni and student body, we work tirelessly to ensure that a global perspective is interwoven into every part of KU Leuven's mission.</p> <p><a class="more" href="https://www.kuleuven.be/global/contact">KU Leuven Global</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="kul-card-image card card-primary card-50-50"> <div class="card-img-left" style="background-image: url("https://research.kuleuven.be/en/research-areas/key-areas/images/superscan.jpg/@@images/image");"> </div> <div class="card-body"> <h2>Interdisciplinary Research and Facilities</h2> <p>KU Leuven Institutes conduct interdisciplinary research with social relevance. They focus on themes with lasting importance and are based on a broad and interdisciplinary network.</p> <p>They provide fertile ground for the sharing of expertise across disciplinary boundaries, a practice that opens up promising new perspectives for all involved.</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://research.kuleuven.be/en/research-areas/institutes">KU Leuven Institutes</a></li> <li><a href="https://research.kuleuven.be/en/research-areas/core-facilities">KU Leuven Core Facitities</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <h2>What we stand for</h2> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-4"> <div class="kul-card-color card card-gray"> <div class="card-body"> <h3>Integrity and ethics</h3> <p>Integrity principles refer to good mentorship, correct citing of peers, integrity of authorship, mentioning acknowledgements, proper data management, disclosure of conflict of interests ...</p> <p>Research ethics focusses on the principle of avoidance of harm, within a statutory and regulatory framework.</p> <p><a class="more" href="https://research.kuleuven.be/en/integrity-ethics/index">More on integrity and ethics</a></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-4"> <div class="kul-card-color card card-gray"> <div class="card-body"> <h3>Open Science</h3> <p>Open Science aims to make scientific research freely available to other scholars and to society. It is an extra opportunity for high-quality research because it makes the whole research process more transparent.</p> <p><a class="more" href="https://www.kuleuven.be/open-science">More on Open Science</a></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-4"> <div class="kul-card-color card card-gray"> <div class="card-body"> <h3>Diversity policy</h3> <p>KU Leuven Diversity Policy Office aims to promote an inclusive culture so that people with different backgrounds and beliefs get the chance to fully develop themselves, both as a student and as a staff member.</p> <p><a class="more" href="https://www.kuleuven.be/diversiteit/diversity/index.html">More on diversity at KU Leuven</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> <div id="viewlet-below-content-body"> </div> <footer> <div id="viewlet-below-content"> </div> </footer> </article> </div> </div> </div>  <div id="nieuws" class="col-xs-12 col-md-4 col-block"></div> </div> </div>   <footer class="local-footer"> <div class="footer-info"> <div class="container"> <p class="lastmodified" style="margin-bottom: 0"> Last update: Feb 23, 2023 </p> <div class="reactionfull"> <p> <span>Comments on the content and accessibility:</span> <a class="reaction" href="https://research.kuleuven.be/en/contact/index">Research Coordination Office</a> </p> </div> <nav class="nav-user"> <ul> <li class="lilo"> <span id="user-name"></span> <a title="Log in" href="https://research.kuleuven.be/webcms/Shibboleth.sso/Login?target=https://research.kuleuven.be/en/research-areas/index" id="personaltools-login" icon="">Log in</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="footer-navbar"> <div class="container"> <div class="flogo"></div> <div id="subnav" class="row"> <nav class="noindex navigation col-sml-4"><h4>Navigation</h4><ul> <li class="navTreeItem visualNoMarker navTreeFolderish section-portal"> <a href="https://research.kuleuven.be/en/portal" title="" class="state-published navTreeFolderish contenttype-folder"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" class="plone-icon bi bi-folder" viewbox="0 0 16 16"> <path d="M.54 3.87.5 3a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h3.672a2 2 0 0 1 1.414.586l.828.828A2 2 0 0 0 9.828 3h3.982a2 2 0 0 1 1.992 2.181l-.637 7A2 2 0 0 1 13.174 14H2.826a2 2 0 0 1-1.991-1.819l-.637-7a1.99 1.99 0 0 1 .342-1.31zM2.19 4a1 1 0 0 0-.996 1.09l.637 7a1 1 0 0 0 .995.91h10.348a1 1 0 0 0 .995-.91l.637-7A1 1 0 0 0 13.81 4H2.19zm4.69-1.707A1 1 0 0 0 6.172 2H2.5a1 1 0 0 0-1 .981l.006.139C1.72 3.042 1.95 3 2.19 3h5.396l-.707-.707z"></path> </svg> Research Portal </a> </li> <li class="navTreeItem visualNoMarker navTreeFolderish section-associatienet"> <a href="https://research.kuleuven.be/en/associatienet" title="" class="state-published navTreeFolderish contenttype-subsite"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" class="plone-icon bi bi-folder2" viewbox="0 0 16 16"> <path d="M1 3.5A1.5 1.5 0 0 1 2.5 2h2.764c.958 0 1.76.56 2.311 1.184C7.985 3.648 8.48 4 9 4h4.5A1.5 1.5 0 0 1 15 5.5v7a1.5 1.5 0 0 1-1.5 1.5h-11A1.5 1.5 0 0 1 1 12.5v-9zM2.5 3a.5.5 0 0 0-.5.5V6h12v-.5a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H9c-.964 0-1.71-.629-2.174-1.154C6.374 3.334 5.82 3 5.264 3H2.5zM14 7H2v5.5a.5.5 0 0 0 .5.5h11a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V7z"></path> </svg> Intranet Research Coordination Office </a> </li> <li class="navTreeItem visualNoMarker navTreeCurrentNode navTreeFolderish section-research-areas"> <a href="https://research.kuleuven.be/en/research-areas" title="" class="state-published navTreeCurrentItem navTreeCurrentNode navTreeFolderish contenttype-folder"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" class="plone-icon bi bi-folder" viewbox="0 0 16 16"> <path d="M.54 3.87.5 3a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h3.672a2 2 0 0 1 1.414.586l.828.828A2 2 0 0 0 9.828 3h3.982a2 2 0 0 1 1.992 2.181l-.637 7A2 2 0 0 1 13.174 14H2.826a2 2 0 0 1-1.991-1.819l-.637-7a1.99 1.99 0 0 1 .342-1.31zM2.19 4a1 1 0 0 0-.996 1.09l.637 7a1 1 0 0 0 .995.91h10.348a1 1 0 0 0 .995-.91l.637-7A1 1 0 0 0 13.81 4H2.19zm4.69-1.707A1 1 0 0 0 6.172 2H2.5a1 1 0 0 0-1 .981l.006.139C1.72 3.042 1.95 3 2.19 3h5.396l-.707-.707z"></path> </svg> Discover our Research </a> </li> <li class="navTreeItem visualNoMarker navTreeFolderish section-career"> <a href="https://research.kuleuven.be/en/career" title="" class="state-published navTreeFolderish contenttype-folder"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" class="plone-icon bi bi-folder" viewbox="0 0 16 16"> <path d="M.54 3.87.5 3a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h3.672a2 2 0 0 1 1.414.586l.828.828A2 2 0 0 0 9.828 3h3.982a2 2 0 0 1 1.992 2.181l-.637 7A2 2 0 0 1 13.174 14H2.826a2 2 0 0 1-1.991-1.819l-.637-7a1.99 1.99 0 0 1 .342-1.31zM2.19 4a1 1 0 0 0-.996 1.09l.637 7a1 1 0 0 0 .995.91h10.348a1 1 0 0 0 .995-.91l.637-7A1 1 0 0 0 13.81 4H2.19zm4.69-1.707A1 1 0 0 0 6.172 2H2.5a1 1 0 0 0-1 .981l.006.139C1.72 3.042 1.95 3 2.19 3h5.396l-.707-.707z"></path> </svg> Career </a> </li> <li class="navTreeItem visualNoMarker navTreeFolderish section-research-funding"> <a href="https://research.kuleuven.be/en/research-funding" title="" class="state-published navTreeFolderish contenttype-folder"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" class="plone-icon bi bi-folder" viewbox="0 0 16 16"> <path d="M.54 3.87.5 3a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h3.672a2 2 0 0 1 1.414.586l.828.828A2 2 0 0 0 9.828 3h3.982a2 2 0 0 1 1.992 2.181l-.637 7A2 2 0 0 1 13.174 14H2.826a2 2 0 0 1-1.991-1.819l-.637-7a1.99 1.99 0 0 1 .342-1.31zM2.19 4a1 1 0 0 0-.996 1.09l.637 7a1 1 0 0 0 .995.91h10.348a1 1 0 0 0 .995-.91l.637-7A1 1 0 0 0 13.81 4H2.19zm4.69-1.707A1 1 0 0 0 6.172 2H2.5a1 1 0 0 0-1 .981l.006.139C1.72 3.042 1.95 3 2.19 3h5.396l-.707-.707z"></path> </svg> Research Funding </a> </li> <li class="navTreeItem visualNoMarker navTreeFolderish section-collaborate"> <a href="https://research.kuleuven.be/en/collaborate" title="" class="state-published navTreeFolderish contenttype-folder"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" class="plone-icon bi bi-folder" viewbox="0 0 16 16"> <path d="M.54 3.87.5 3a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h3.672a2 2 0 0 1 1.414.586l.828.828A2 2 0 0 0 9.828 3h3.982a2 2 0 0 1 1.992 2.181l-.637 7A2 2 0 0 1 13.174 14H2.826a2 2 0 0 1-1.991-1.819l-.637-7a1.99 1.99 0 0 1 .342-1.31zM2.19 4a1 1 0 0 0-.996 1.09l.637 7a1 1 0 0 0 .995.91h10.348a1 1 0 0 0 .995-.91l.637-7A1 1 0 0 0 13.81 4H2.19zm4.69-1.707A1 1 0 0 0 6.172 2H2.5a1 1 0 0 0-1 .981l.006.139C1.72 3.042 1.95 3 2.19 3h5.396l-.707-.707z"></path> </svg> Collaborate </a> </li> <li class="navTreeItem visualNoMarker navTreeFolderish section-contact"> <a href="https://research.kuleuven.be/en/contact" title="" class="state-published navTreeFolderish contenttype-folder"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" class="plone-icon bi bi-folder" viewbox="0 0 16 16"> <path d="M.54 3.87.5 3a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h3.672a2 2 0 0 1 1.414.586l.828.828A2 2 0 0 0 9.828 3h3.982a2 2 0 0 1 1.992 2.181l-.637 7A2 2 0 0 1 13.174 14H2.826a2 2 0 0 1-1.991-1.819l-.637-7a1.99 1.99 0 0 1 .342-1.31zM2.19 4a1 1 0 0 0-.996 1.09l.637 7a1 1 0 0 0 .995.91h10.348a1 1 0 0 0 .995-.91l.637-7A1 1 0 0 0 13.81 4H2.19zm4.69-1.707A1 1 0 0 0 6.172 2H2.5a1 1 0 0 0-1 .981l.006.139C1.72 3.042 1.95 3 2.19 3h5.396l-.707-.707z"></path> </svg> Contact </a> </li> <li class="navTreeItem visualNoMarker navTreeFolderish section-policy-figures"> <a href="https://research.kuleuven.be/en/policy-figures" title="" class="state-published navTreeFolderish contenttype-folder"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" class="plone-icon bi bi-folder" viewbox="0 0 16 16"> <path d="M.54 3.87.5 3a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h3.672a2 2 0 0 1 1.414.586l.828.828A2 2 0 0 0 9.828 3h3.982a2 2 0 0 1 1.992 2.181l-.637 7A2 2 0 0 1 13.174 14H2.826a2 2 0 0 1-1.991-1.819l-.637-7a1.99 1.99 0 0 1 .342-1.31zM2.19 4a1 1 0 0 0-.996 1.09l.637 7a1 1 0 0 0 .995.91h10.348a1 1 0 0 0 .995-.91l.637-7A1 1 0 0 0 13.81 4H2.19zm4.69-1.707A1 1 0 0 0 6.172 2H2.5a1 1 0 0 0-1 .981l.006.139C1.72 3.042 1.95 3 2.19 3h5.396l-.707-.707z"></path> </svg> Policy and Figures </a> </li> <li class="navTreeItem visualNoMarker navTreeFolderish section-integrity-ethics"> <a href="https://research.kuleuven.be/en/integrity-ethics" title="" class="state-published navTreeFolderish contenttype-folder"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" class="plone-icon bi bi-folder" viewbox="0 0 16 16"> <path d="M.54 3.87.5 3a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h3.672a2 2 0 0 1 1.414.586l.828.828A2 2 0 0 0 9.828 3h3.982a2 2 0 0 1 1.992 2.181l-.637 7A2 2 0 0 1 13.174 14H2.826a2 2 0 0 1-1.991-1.819l-.637-7a1.99 1.99 0 0 1 .342-1.31zM2.19 4a1 1 0 0 0-.996 1.09l.637 7a1 1 0 0 0 .995.91h10.348a1 1 0 0 0 .995-.91l.637-7A1 1 0 0 0 13.81 4H2.19zm4.69-1.707A1 1 0 0 0 6.172 2H2.5a1 1 0 0 0-1 .981l.006.139C1.72 3.042 1.95 3 2.19 3h5.396l-.707-.707z"></path> </svg> Integrity and Ethics </a> </li> <li class="navTreeItem visualNoMarker navTreeFolderish section-research-news"> <a href="https://research.kuleuven.be/en/research-news" title="" class="state-published navTreeFolderish contenttype-folder"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" class="plone-icon bi bi-folder" viewbox="0 0 16 16"> <path d="M.54 3.87.5 3a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h3.672a2 2 0 0 1 1.414.586l.828.828A2 2 0 0 0 9.828 3h3.982a2 2 0 0 1 1.992 2.181l-.637 7A2 2 0 0 1 13.174 14H2.826a2 2 0 0 1-1.991-1.819l-.637-7a1.99 1.99 0 0 1 .342-1.31zM2.19 4a1 1 0 0 0-.996 1.09l.637 7a1 1 0 0 0 .995.91h10.348a1 1 0 0 0 .995-.91l.637-7A1 1 0 0 0 13.81 4H2.19zm4.69-1.707A1 1 0 0 0 6.172 2H2.5a1 1 0 0 0-1 .981l.006.139C1.72 3.042 1.95 3 2.19 3h5.396l-.707-.707z"></path> </svg> Research News </a> </li> <li class="navTreeItem visualNoMarker navTreeFolderish section-contagious"> <a href="https://research.kuleuven.be/en/contagious" title="" class="state-published navTreeFolderish contenttype-subsite"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" class="plone-icon bi bi-folder2" viewbox="0 0 16 16"> <path d="M1 3.5A1.5 1.5 0 0 1 2.5 2h2.764c.958 0 1.76.56 2.311 1.184C7.985 3.648 8.48 4 9 4h4.5A1.5 1.5 0 0 1 15 5.5v7a1.5 1.5 0 0 1-1.5 1.5h-11A1.5 1.5 0 0 1 1 12.5v-9zM2.5 3a.5.5 0 0 0-.5.5V6h12v-.5a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H9c-.964 0-1.71-.629-2.174-1.154C6.374 3.334 5.82 3 5.264 3H2.5zM14 7H2v5.5a.5.5 0 0 0 .5.5h11a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V7z"></path> </svg> Contagious </a> </li> <li class="navTreeItem visualNoMarker navTreeFolderish section-doctoraldefences"> <a href="https://research.kuleuven.be/en/doctoraldefences" title="" class="state-published navTreeFolderish contenttype-folder"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" class="plone-icon bi bi-folder" viewbox="0 0 16 16"> <path d="M.54 3.87.5 3a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h3.672a2 2 0 0 1 1.414.586l.828.828A2 2 0 0 0 9.828 3h3.982a2 2 0 0 1 1.992 2.181l-.637 7A2 2 0 0 1 13.174 14H2.826a2 2 0 0 1-1.991-1.819l-.637-7a1.99 1.99 0 0 1 .342-1.31zM2.19 4a1 1 0 0 0-.996 1.09l.637 7a1 1 0 0 0 .995.91h10.348a1 1 0 0 0 .995-.91l.637-7A1 1 0 0 0 13.81 4H2.19zm4.69-1.707A1 1 0 0 0 6.172 2H2.5a1 1 0 0 0-1 .981l.006.139C1.72 3.042 1.95 3 2.19 3h5.396l-.707-.707z"></path> </svg> Doctoral Defences </a> </li> <li class="navTreeItem visualNoMarker navTreeFolderish section-onehealth"> <a href="https://research.kuleuven.be/en/onehealth" title="" class="state-published navTreeFolderish contenttype-folder"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" class="plone-icon bi bi-folder" viewbox="0 0 16 16"> <path d="M.54 3.87.5 3a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h3.672a2 2 0 0 1 1.414.586l.828.828A2 2 0 0 0 9.828 3h3.982a2 2 0 0 1 1.992 2.181l-.637 7A2 2 0 0 1 13.174 14H2.826a2 2 0 0 1-1.991-1.819l-.637-7a1.99 1.99 0 0 1 .342-1.31zM2.19 4a1 1 0 0 0-.996 1.09l.637 7a1 1 0 0 0 .995.91h10.348a1 1 0 0 0 .995-.91l.637-7A1 1 0 0 0 13.81 4H2.19zm4.69-1.707A1 1 0 0 0 6.172 2H2.5a1 1 0 0 0-1 .981l.006.139C1.72 3.042 1.95 3 2.19 3h5.396l-.707-.707z"></path> </svg> One Health </a> </li> <li class="navTreeItem visualNoMarker navTreeFolderish section-efro"> <a href="https://research.kuleuven.be/en/efro" title="" class="state-published navTreeFolderish contenttype-folder"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" class="plone-icon bi bi-folder" viewbox="0 0 16 16"> <path d="M.54 3.87.5 3a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h3.672a2 2 0 0 1 1.414.586l.828.828A2 2 0 0 0 9.828 3h3.982a2 2 0 0 1 1.992 2.181l-.637 7A2 2 0 0 1 13.174 14H2.826a2 2 0 0 1-1.991-1.819l-.637-7a1.99 1.99 0 0 1 .342-1.31zM2.19 4a1 1 0 0 0-.996 1.09l.637 7a1 1 0 0 0 .995.91h10.348a1 1 0 0 0 .995-.91l.637-7A1 1 0 0 0 13.81 4H2.19zm4.69-1.707A1 1 0 0 0 6.172 2H2.5a1 1 0 0 0-1 .981l.006.139C1.72 3.042 1.95 3 2.19 3h5.396l-.707-.707z"></path> </svg> EFRO </a> </li> <li class="navTreeItem visualNoMarker navTreeFolderish section-lirias"> <a href="https://research.kuleuven.be/en/lirias" title="" class="state-published navTreeFolderish contenttype-folder"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" class="plone-icon bi bi-folder" viewbox="0 0 16 16"> <path d="M.54 3.87.5 3a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h3.672a2 2 0 0 1 1.414.586l.828.828A2 2 0 0 0 9.828 3h3.982a2 2 0 0 1 1.992 2.181l-.637 7A2 2 0 0 1 13.174 14H2.826a2 2 0 0 1-1.991-1.819l-.637-7a1.99 1.99 0 0 1 .342-1.31zM2.19 4a1 1 0 0 0-.996 1.09l.637 7a1 1 0 0 0 .995.91h10.348a1 1 0 0 0 .995-.91l.637-7A1 1 0 0 0 13.81 4H2.19zm4.69-1.707A1 1 0 0 0 6.172 2H2.5a1 1 0 0 0-1 .981l.006.139C1.72 3.042 1.95 3 2.19 3h5.396l-.707-.707z"></path> </svg> Lirias </a> </li> <li class="navTreeItem visualNoMarker navTreeFolderish section-forms"> <a href="https://research.kuleuven.be/en/forms" title="" class="state-published navTreeFolderish contenttype-folder"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" class="plone-icon bi bi-folder" viewbox="0 0 16 16"> <path d="M.54 3.87.5 3a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h3.672a2 2 0 0 1 1.414.586l.828.828A2 2 0 0 0 9.828 3h3.982a2 2 0 0 1 1.992 2.181l-.637 7A2 2 0 0 1 13.174 14H2.826a2 2 0 0 1-1.991-1.819l-.637-7a1.99 1.99 0 0 1 .342-1.31zM2.19 4a1 1 0 0 0-.996 1.09l.637 7a1 1 0 0 0 .995.91h10.348a1 1 0 0 0 .995-.91l.637-7A1 1 0 0 0 13.81 4H2.19zm4.69-1.707A1 1 0 0 0 6.172 2H2.5a1 1 0 0 0-1 .981l.006.139C1.72 3.042 1.95 3 2.19 3h5.396l-.707-.707z"></path> </svg> Forms </a> </li> <li class="navTreeItem visualNoMarker navTreeFolderish section-on-research"> <a href="https://research.kuleuven.be/en/on-research" title="" class="state-published navTreeFolderish contenttype-folder"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" class="plone-icon bi bi-folder" viewbox="0 0 16 16"> <path d="M.54 3.87.5 3a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h3.672a2 2 0 0 1 1.414.586l.828.828A2 2 0 0 0 9.828 3h3.982a2 2 0 0 1 1.992 2.181l-.637 7A2 2 0 0 1 13.174 14H2.826a2 2 0 0 1-1.991-1.819l-.637-7a1.99 1.99 0 0 1 .342-1.31zM2.19 4a1 1 0 0 0-.996 1.09l.637 7a1 1 0 0 0 .995.91h10.348a1 1 0 0 0 .995-.91l.637-7A1 1 0 0 0 13.81 4H2.19zm4.69-1.707A1 1 0 0 0 6.172 2H2.5a1 1 0 0 0-1 .981l.006.139C1.72 3.042 1.95 3 2.19 3h5.396l-.707-.707z"></path> </svg> On research </a> </li> </ul></nav> </div> </div>  </div>  </footer>  </div>  <a href="#top" class="scroll-to-top"><i class="material-icons">keyboard_arrow_up</i></a>  <footer class="global-footer noindex hidden-print"> <div class="bottom-footer-kuleuven"> <div class="container"> <div class="legal"> <a href="https://www.kuleuven.be/kuleuven" class="logo" title="KU Leuven"><img class="logo-img" alt="logo" src="https://stijl.kuleuven.be/releases/latest/img/svg/logo.svg" width="107" height="38" /></a> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.kuleuven.be/kuleuven/disclaimer.html">Disclaimer</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://admin.kuleuven.be/icts/english/cookiepolicy/">Cookie Settings</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://admin.kuleuven.be/privacy/en/">Privacy Policy</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.kuleuven.be/personeel/jobsite/en?source=CorporateFooter">Jobs</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="share"> <span>Follow KU Leuven on</span> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/KULeuven/"> <svg role="img" width="30" height="30" viewbox="0 0 1792 1792"> <title>facebook</title> <path d="M1376 128q119 0 203.5 84.5T1664 416v960q0 119-84.5 203.5T1376 1664h-188v-595h199l30-232h-229V689q0-56 23.5-84t91.5-28l122-1V369q-63-9-178-9-136 0-217.5 80T948 666v171H748v232h200v595H416q-119 0-203.5-84.5T128 1376V416q0-119 84.5-203.5T416 128h960z"></path> </svg> </a> <a href="https://x.com/KU_Leuven/"> <svg role="img" width="27" height="27" viewbox="0 0 300 271"> <title>x</title> <path d="m236 0h46l-101 115 118 156h-92.6l-72.5-94.8-83 94.8h-46l107-123-113-148h94.9l65.5 86.6zm-16.1 244h25.5l-165-218h-27.4z"></path> </svg> </a> <a href="https://instagram.com/kuleuven/"> <svg role="img" width="30" height="30" viewbox="0 0 1792 1792"> <title>instagram</title> <path d="M1490 1426V778h-135q20 63 20 131 0 126-64 232.5T1137 1310t-240 62q-197 0-337-135.5T420 909q0-68 20-131H299v648q0 26 17.5 43.5T360 1487h1069q25 0 43-17.5t18-43.5zm-284-533q0-124-90.5-211.5T897 594q-127 0-217.5 87.5T589 893t90.5 211.5T897 1192q128 0 218.5-87.5T1206 893zm284-360V368q0-28-20-48.5t-49-20.5h-174q-29 0-49 20.5t-20 48.5v165q0 29 20 49t49 20h174q29 0 49-20t20-49zm174-208v1142q0 81-58 139t-139 58H325q-81 0-139-58t-58-139V325q0-81 58-139t139-58h1142q81 0 139 58t58 139z"></path> </svg> </a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/school/ku_leuven/"> <svg role="img" width="30" height="30" viewbox="0 0 1792 1792"> <title>linkedin</title> <path d="M365 1414h231V720H365v694zm246-908q-1-52-36-86t-93-34-94.5 34-36.5 86q0 51 35.5 85.5T479 626h1q59 0 95-34.5t36-85.5zm585 908h231v-398q0-154-73-233t-193-79q-136 0-209 117h2V720H723q3 66 0 694h231v-388q0-38 7-56 15-35 45-59.5t74-24.5q116 0 116 157v371zm468-998v960q0 119-84.5 203.5T1376 1664H416q-119 0-203.5-84.5T128 1376V416q0-119 84.5-203.5T416 128h960q119 0 203.5 84.5T1664 416z"></path> </svg> </a> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/kuleuven/"> <svg role="img" width="30" height="30" viewbox="0 0 1792 1792"> <title>youtube</title> <path d="M1047 1303v-157q0-50-29-50-17 0-33 16v224q16 16 33 16 29 0 29-49zm184-122h66v-34q0-51-33-51t-33 51v34zM660 915v70h-80v423h-74V985h-78v-70h232zm201 126v367h-67v-40q-39 45-76 45-33 0-42-28-6-16-6-54v-290h66v270q0 24 1 26 1 15 15 15 20 0 42-31v-280h67zm252 111v146q0 52-7 73-12 42-53 42-35 0-68-41v36h-67V915h67v161q32-40 68-40 41 0 53 42 7 21 7 74zm251 129v9q0 29-2 43-3 22-15 40-27 40-80 40-52 0-81-38-21-27-21-86v-129q0-59 20-86 29-38 80-38t78 38q21 28 21 86v76h-133v65q0 51 34 51 24 0 30-26 0-1 .5-7t.5-16.5V1281h68zM913 457v156q0 51-32 51t-32-51V457q0-52 32-52t32 52zm533 713q0-177-19-260-10-44-43-73.5t-76-34.5q-136-15-412-15-275 0-411 15-44 5-76.5 34.5T366 910q-20 87-20 260 0 176 20 260 10 43 42.5 73t75.5 35q137 15 412 15t412-15q43-5 75.5-35t42.5-73q20-84 20-260zM691 519l90-296h-75l-51 195-53-195h-78l24 69 23 69q35 103 46 158v201h74V519zm289 81V470q0-58-21-87-29-38-78-38-51 0-78 38-21 29-21 87v130q0 58 21 87 27 38 78 38 49 0 78-38 21-27 21-87zm181 120h67V350h-67v283q-22 31-42 31-15 0-16-16-1-2-1-26V350h-67v293q0 37 6 55 11 27 43 27 36 0 77-45v40zm503-304v960q0 119-84.5 203.5T1376 1664H416q-119 0-203.5-84.5T128 1376V416q0-119 84.5-203.5T416 128h960q119 0 203.5 84.5T1664 416z"></path> </svg> </a> </div> </div> </div> </footer>  </div><aside class="flyout flyout-default l-flyout noindex hidden-print collapse hidden-lg-up" id="flyout-local-menu"> <nav class="nav nav-logo"> <a href="#" class="btn-toggle hidden-lg-up js-flyout-toggle flyout-toggle" role="button" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="flyout-menu" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#flyout-local-menu"> <span class="arrow"></span></a> </nav> <nav class="nav nav-main"> <a href="https://research.kuleuven.be/en"> Research </a> <ul> <li><a href="https://research.kuleuven.be/en/research-areas/index">Discover our Research</a></li> <li><a href="https://research.kuleuven.be/en/career/index">Career</a></li> <li><a href="https://research.kuleuven.be/en/research-funding/index">Research Funding</a></li> <li><a href="https://research.kuleuven.be/en/collaborate/index">Collaborate</a></li> <li><a href="https://research.kuleuven.be/en/contact/index">Contact</a></li> </ul> </nav> <nav class="nav"> <ul class="nav-language" id="flyout-lang"></ul> </nav> <hr /> <a href="https://www.kuleuven.be/english/kuleuven/">To homepage kuleuven.be</a> </aside><script src="/++theme++ku-leuven-theme/js/wmsjs.js"></script><script src="https://stijl.kuleuven.be/releases/600/js/jquery.colorbox.js"></script></body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Discover our Research — Research