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class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Early history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Archaeological_findings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Archaeological_findings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Archaeological findings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Archaeological_findings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Old_Swiss_Confederacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Old_Swiss_Confederacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Old Swiss Confederacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Old_Swiss_Confederacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Modern history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Heraldic_achievement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Heraldic_achievement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Heraldic achievement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Heraldic_achievement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Politics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-City_districts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#City_districts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>City districts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-City_districts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parliament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parliament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Parliament</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parliament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>International relations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_and_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_and_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.1</span> <span>Twin towns and sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_and_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Topography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Topography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Topography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Topography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate_change" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate_change"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.1</span> <span>Climate change</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate_change-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate_protection" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate_protection"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.2</span> <span>Climate protection</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate_protection-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Urban_area" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Urban_area"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Urban area</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Urban_area-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transport subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Public_transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Public transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zurich_Airport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zurich_Airport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Zurich Airport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zurich_Airport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Road_traffic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Road_traffic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Road traffic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Road_traffic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bicycle_transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bicycle_transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Bicycle transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bicycle_transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Social" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Social</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Quality_of_living" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Quality_of_living"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Quality of living</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Quality_of_living-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Main_sites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Main_sites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Main sites</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Main_sites-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Main sites subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Main_sites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Churches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Churches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Churches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Churches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Museums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Museums</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parks_and_nature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parks_and_nature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Parks and nature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parks_and_nature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kunst_und_Bau_(construction_permit_office)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kunst_und_Bau_(construction_permit_office)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span><i>Kunst und Bau</i> (construction permit office)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kunst_und_Bau_(construction_permit_office)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>Architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_heritage_sites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_heritage_sites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.6</span> <span>World heritage sites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_heritage_sites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Contributory_factors_to_economic_strength" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contributory_factors_to_economic_strength"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Contributory factors to economic strength</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contributory_factors_to_economic_strength-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Swiss_stock_exchange" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Swiss_stock_exchange"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>The Swiss stock exchange</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Swiss_stock_exchange-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education_and_research" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education_and_research"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Education and research</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education_and_research-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Education and research subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Education_and_research-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-State_universities_by_size_in_canton_of_Zurich" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#State_universities_by_size_in_canton_of_Zurich"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>State universities by size in canton of Zurich</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-State_universities_by_size_in_canton_of_Zurich-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Media-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Media subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Television_and_radio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Television_and_radio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Television and radio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Television_and_radio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Print_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Print_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Print media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Print_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Opera,_ballet,_and_theaters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opera,_ballet,_and_theaters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Opera, ballet, and theaters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opera,_ballet,_and_theaters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Food" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Food"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Food</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Food-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nightlife_and_clubbing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nightlife_and_clubbing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.3</span> <span>Nightlife and clubbing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nightlife_and_clubbing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sports-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Sports subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>Events</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_points_of_interest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_points_of_interest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Other points of interest</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_points_of_interest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_and_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_and_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>Notes and references</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notes_and_references-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notes and references subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notes_and_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16.2</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Further reading subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Architecture_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17.1</span> <span>Architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17.2</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Others" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Others"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17.3</span> <span>Others</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Others-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Zurich</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 158 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-158" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">158 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" title="Zürich – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Zürich" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" title="Zürich – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Zürich" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%99%E1%88%AA%E1%8A%AD" title="ዙሪክ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ዙሪክ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" title="Zürich – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Zürich" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turic" title="Turic – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Turic" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AE" title="زيورخ – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="زيورخ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%BArich" title="Zúrich – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Zúrich" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%AC%DC%A3%DC%9D%DC%AA%DC%9D%DC%9F" title="ܬܣܝܪܝܟ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܬܣܝܪܝܟ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B6%D5%AB%D6%82%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%AD" title="Զիւրիխ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Զիւրիխ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsurique" title="Tsurique – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Tsurique" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%BArich" title="Zúrich – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Zúrich" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BCrix" title="Sürix – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Sürix" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE" title="زوریخ – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="زوریخ" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" title="Zürich – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Zürich" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%96" title="জুরিখ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জুরিখ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" title="Zürich – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Zürich" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8E%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%85" title="Цюрых – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Цюрых" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8E%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%85" title="Цюрых – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Цюрых" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zurich" title="Zurich – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Zurich" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85" title="Цюрих – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Цюрих" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zirich" title="Zirich – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Zirich" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" title="Zürich – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Zürich" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" title="Zürich – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Zürich" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%BAric" title="Zúric – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Zúric" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85" title="Цюрих – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Цюрих" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich_(kapital_sa_kanton)" title="Zürich (kapital sa kanton) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Zürich (kapital sa kanton)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curych" title="Curych – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Curych" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zurich" title="Zurich – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Zurich" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" title="Zürich – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Zürich" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" title="Zürich – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Zürich" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" title="Zürich – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Zürich" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zurich" title="Zurich – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Zurich" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" title="Zürich – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zürich" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Be%CA%BCek%CA%BCid_H%C3%B3neez%C3%ADb%C4%85%C4%85h" title="Beʼekʼid Hóneezíbąąh – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Beʼekʼid Hóneezíbąąh" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" title="Zürich – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Zürich" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="ज्युरिक – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="ज्युरिक" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" title="Zürich – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Zürich" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%96%CF%85%CF%81%CE%AF%CF%87%CE%B7" title="Ζυρίχη – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ζυρίχη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%BArich" title="Zúrich – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Zúrich" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuriko" title="Zuriko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Zuriko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zurich" title="Zurich – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Zurich" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" title="Zürich – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zürich" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE" title="زوریخ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زوریخ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" title="Zürich – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Zürich" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zurich" title="Zurich – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Zurich" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich_(st%C3%AAd)" title="Zürich (stêd) – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Zürich (stêd)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" title="Zürich – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Zürich" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" title="Zürich – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Zürich" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" title="Zürich – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Zürich" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" title="Zürich – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Zürich" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B7%A8%EB%A6%AC%ED%9E%88" title="취리히 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="취리히" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%91%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%AD" title="Ցյուրիխ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ցյուրիխ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BC" title="ज़्यूरिख़ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ज़्यूरिख़" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" title="Zürich – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Zürich" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" title="Zürich – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Zürich" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" title="Zürich – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Zürich" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" title="Zürich – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Zürich" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" title="Zürich – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Zürich" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zurico" title="Zurico – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Zurico" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%BArich" title="Zúrich – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Zúrich" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85" title="Цюрих – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Цюрих" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" title="Zürich – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Zürich" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zurigo" title="Zurigo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Zurigo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9A" title="ציריך – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ציריך" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" title="Zürich – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Zürich" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%AE%E1%83%98" title="ციურიხი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ციურიხი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85" title="Цюрих – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Цюрих" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item"><a href="https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zurich" title="Zurich – Rundi" lang="rn" hreflang="rn" data-title="Zurich" data-language-autonym="Ikirundi" data-language-local-name="Rundi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikirundi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" title="Zürich – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Zürich" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" title="Zürich – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Zürich" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zirik" title="Zirik – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Zirik" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zur%C3%AEx" title="Zurîx – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zurîx" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zurich" title="Zurich – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Zurich" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zurich" title="Zurich – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Zurich" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turicum" title="Turicum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Turicum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C4%ABrihe" title="Cīrihe – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Cīrihe" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" title="Zürich – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Zürich" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciurichas" title="Ciurichas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ciurichas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zur%C3%AFgo" title="Zurïgo – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Zurïgo" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeurich" title="Zeurich – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Zeurich" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%BCrigh" title="Zürigh – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Zürigh" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" title="Zürich – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Zürich" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85" title="Цирих – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Цирих" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" title="Zürich – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Zürich" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D" title="സൂറിച്ച് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സൂറിച്ച്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zurich" title="Zurich – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Zurich" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9D%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="झ्युरिक – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="झ्युरिक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%AE%E1%83%98" title="ციურიხი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ციურიხი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE" title="زوريخ – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="زوريخ" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE" title="زوریخ – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="زوریخ" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" title="Zürich – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Zürich" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" title="Zürich – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Zürich" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85" title="Цюрих – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Цюрих" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%87%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7" title="ဇူးရစ်ချ်မြို့ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဇူးရစ်ချ်မြို့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich_(stad)" title="Zürich (stad) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Zürich (stad)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%81%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AA%E3%83%83%E3%83%92" title="チューリッヒ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="チューリッヒ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zurigo" title="Zurigo – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Zurigo" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%83%D1%8C%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85" title="Цуьрих – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Цуьрих" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" title="Zürich – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Zürich" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" title="Zürich – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Zürich" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" title="Zürich – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Zürich" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" title="Zürich – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Zürich" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuric" title="Zuric – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Zuric" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D3%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85" title="Цӱрих – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Цӱрих" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syurix" title="Syurix – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Syurix" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%8A%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%96" title="ਜ਼ਿਊਰਿਖ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜ਼ਿਊਰਿਖ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" title="Zürich – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Zürich" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%86" title="زیورچ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="زیورچ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%85%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE" title="څوریخ – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="څوریخ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zurigh" title="Zurigh – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Zurigh" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" title="Zürich – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Zürich" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zurych" title="Zurych – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zurych" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zurique" title="Zurique – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Zurique" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyurix" title="Cyurix – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Cyurix" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" title="Zürich – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Zürich" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turitg" title="Turitg – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Turitg" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" title="Zürich – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Zürich" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85" title="Цюрих – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Цюрих" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85" title="Цюрих – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Цюрих" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85" title="Цүрих – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Цүрих" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" title="Zürich – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Zürich" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" title="Zürich – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Zürich" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zyrihu" title="Zyrihu – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Zyrihu" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zur%C3%ACcu_(citati)" title="Zurìcu (citati) – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Zurìcu (citati)" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" title="Zürich – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Zürich" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" title="Zürich – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Zürich" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" title="Zürich – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Zürich" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" title="Zürich – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Zürich" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE" title="زوریخ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زوریخ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85" title="Цирих – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Цирих" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" title="Zürich – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Zürich" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" title="Zürich – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Zürich" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" title="Zürich – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Zürich" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" title="Zürich – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Zürich" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" title="Zürich – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Zürich" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81" title="சூரிக்கு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சூரிக்கு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zurix" title="Zurix – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Zurix" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ts%C3%BCrix" title="Tsürix – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Tsürix" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A" title="ซือริช – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ซือริช" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%81%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85" title="Тсюрих – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Тсюрих" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D" title="ಜ್ಯೂರಿಕ್ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಜ್ಯೂರಿಕ್" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%BCrih" title="Zürih – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Zürih" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85" title="Цюрих – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Цюрих" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85" title="Цюрих – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Цюрих" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AE" title="زیورخ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="زیورخ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%DB%87%D8%B1%D9%89%D8%AE" title="سيۇرىخ – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="سيۇرىخ" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zurigo" title="Zurigo – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Zurigo" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%BCrih" title="Cürih – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Cürih" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" title="Zürich – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Zürich" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" title="Zürich – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Zürich" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zurich" title="Zurich – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Zurich" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zurich" title="Zurich – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Zurich" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E9%BB%8E%E4%B8%96" title="苏黎世 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="苏黎世" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9A" title="ציריך – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ציריך" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" title="Zürich – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Zürich" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%98%87%E9%BB%8E%E4%B8%96" title="蘇黎世 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="蘇黎世" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zurix" title="Zurix – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Zurix" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E9%BB%8E%E4%B8%96" title="苏黎世 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="苏黎世" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q72#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Zurich" title="View the content page [c]" 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Zurich&params=47_22_28_N_08_32_28_E_region:CH-ZH_type:city(421878)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">47°22′28″N</span> <span class="longitude">08°32′28″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">47.37444°N 8.54111°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">47.37444; 8.54111</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Z%C3%BCrich&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Zürich">Zürich</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Largest city in Switzerland</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Zurich_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Zurich (disambiguation)">Zurich (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Municipality in Switzerland</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Zurich <br /> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Zürich</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>)</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Switzerland" title="Municipalities of Switzerland">Municipality</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:272px;max-width:272px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:185px;max-width:185px"><div style="height:121px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Opernhaus_Z%C3%BCrich_-_Sechsel%C3%A4utenplatz_2013-08-31_18-30-40.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Opernhaus_Z%C3%BCrich_-_Sechsel%C3%A4utenplatz_2013-08-31_18-30-40.JPG/183px-Opernhaus_Z%C3%BCrich_-_Sechsel%C3%A4utenplatz_2013-08-31_18-30-40.JPG" decoding="async" width="183" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Opernhaus_Z%C3%BCrich_-_Sechsel%C3%A4utenplatz_2013-08-31_18-30-40.JPG/275px-Opernhaus_Z%C3%BCrich_-_Sechsel%C3%A4utenplatz_2013-08-31_18-30-40.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Opernhaus_Z%C3%BCrich_-_Sechsel%C3%A4utenplatz_2013-08-31_18-30-40.JPG/366px-Opernhaus_Z%C3%BCrich_-_Sechsel%C3%A4utenplatz_2013-08-31_18-30-40.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Zurich_Opera_House" title="Zurich Opera House">Zurich Opera House</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:83px;max-width:83px"><div style="height:121px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Industriequartier_-_Prime_Tower_2011-08-08_13-44-40.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Industriequartier_-_Prime_Tower_2011-08-08_13-44-40.JPG/81px-Industriequartier_-_Prime_Tower_2011-08-08_13-44-40.JPG" decoding="async" width="81" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Industriequartier_-_Prime_Tower_2011-08-08_13-44-40.JPG/122px-Industriequartier_-_Prime_Tower_2011-08-08_13-44-40.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Industriequartier_-_Prime_Tower_2011-08-08_13-44-40.JPG/162px-Industriequartier_-_Prime_Tower_2011-08-08_13-44-40.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="4288" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Tower" title="Prime Tower">Prime Tower</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:134px;max-width:134px"><div style="height:88px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CH.ZH.Zurich_Hotel_The-Dolder-Grand_3x2-R_15K.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/CH.ZH.Zurich_Hotel_The-Dolder-Grand_3x2-R_15K.jpg/132px-CH.ZH.Zurich_Hotel_The-Dolder-Grand_3x2-R_15K.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/CH.ZH.Zurich_Hotel_The-Dolder-Grand_3x2-R_15K.jpg/198px-CH.ZH.Zurich_Hotel_The-Dolder-Grand_3x2-R_15K.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/CH.ZH.Zurich_Hotel_The-Dolder-Grand_3x2-R_15K.jpg/264px-CH.ZH.Zurich_Hotel_The-Dolder-Grand_3x2-R_15K.jpg 2x" data-file-width="15750" data-file-height="10500" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Dolder_Grand" title="Dolder Grand">Dolder Grand</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:134px;max-width:134px"><div style="height:88px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ETH_Z%C3%BCrich_im_Abendlicht.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/ETH_Z%C3%BCrich_im_Abendlicht.jpg/132px-ETH_Z%C3%BCrich_im_Abendlicht.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/ETH_Z%C3%BCrich_im_Abendlicht.jpg/198px-ETH_Z%C3%BCrich_im_Abendlicht.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/ETH_Z%C3%BCrich_im_Abendlicht.jpg/264px-ETH_Z%C3%BCrich_im_Abendlicht.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5760" data-file-height="3840" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/ETH_Zurich" title="ETH Zurich">ETH Zurich</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:270px;max-width:270px"><div style="height:150px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Z%C3%BCrich_Switzerland-Citiview-from-Quai-Bridge-01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Z%C3%BCrich_Switzerland-Citiview-from-Quai-Bridge-01.jpg/268px-Z%C3%BCrich_Switzerland-Citiview-from-Quai-Bridge-01.jpg" decoding="async" width="268" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Z%C3%BCrich_Switzerland-Citiview-from-Quai-Bridge-01.jpg/402px-Z%C3%BCrich_Switzerland-Citiview-from-Quai-Bridge-01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Z%C3%BCrich_Switzerland-Citiview-from-Quai-Bridge-01.jpg/536px-Z%C3%BCrich_Switzerland-Citiview-from-Quai-Bridge-01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5760" data-file-height="3240" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Altstadt_(Z%C3%BCrich)" class="mw-redirect" title="Altstadt (Zürich)">Old Town</a> with <a href="/wiki/Grossm%C3%BCnster" title="Grossmünster">Grossmünster</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fraum%C3%BCnster" title="Fraumünster">Fraumünster</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._Peter,_Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Peter, Zürich">St. Peter</a>, <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnsterbr%C3%BCcke,_Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Münsterbrücke, Zürich">Münsterbrücke</a> and <a href="/wiki/Limmat" title="Limmat">Limmat</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Canton_of_Z%C3%BCrich.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Canton_of_Z%C3%BCrich.svg/60px-Flag_of_Canton_of_Z%C3%BCrich.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Canton_of_Z%C3%BCrich.svg/90px-Flag_of_Canton_of_Z%C3%BCrich.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Canton_of_Z%C3%BCrich.svg/120px-Flag_of_Canton_of_Z%C3%BCrich.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="474" data-file-height="474" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Z%C3%BCrich_matt.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wappen_Z%C3%BCrich_matt.svg/60px-Wappen_Z%C3%BCrich_matt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wappen_Z%C3%BCrich_matt.svg/90px-Wappen_Z%C3%BCrich_matt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wappen_Z%C3%BCrich_matt.svg/120px-Wappen_Z%C3%BCrich_matt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="406" data-file-height="492" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; height:5px;">Location of Zurich <br /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Zürich</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>)</span></span></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <div class="center" style="margin-top:1em"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="200" data-zoom="10" data-overlays="["_3f39dd2e6487cfa1e3730baebdc1230aca665032"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,270x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Zurich&revid=1256194147&groups=_3f39dd2e6487cfa1e3730baebdc1230aca665032" width="270" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,270x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Zurich&revid=1256194147&groups=_3f39dd2e6487cfa1e3730baebdc1230aca665032 2x" alt="Map" /></a></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Switzerland_adm_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Zurich Zürich (German) is located in Switzerland"><img alt="Zurich Zürich (German) is located in Switzerland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Switzerland_adm_location_map.svg/250px-Switzerland_adm_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Switzerland_adm_location_map.svg/375px-Switzerland_adm_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Switzerland_adm_location_map.svg/500px-Switzerland_adm_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1347" data-file-height="864" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:24.445%;left:55.941%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Zurich Zürich (German)"><img alt="Zurich Zürich (German)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Zurich <br /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Zürich</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>)</span></span></div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Switzerland</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Reliefkarte_Z%C3%BCrich_blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Zurich Zürich (German) is located in Canton of Zurich"><img alt="Zurich Zürich (German) is located in Canton of Zurich" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Reliefkarte_Z%C3%BCrich_blank.png/250px-Reliefkarte_Z%C3%BCrich_blank.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Reliefkarte_Z%C3%BCrich_blank.png/375px-Reliefkarte_Z%C3%BCrich_blank.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Reliefkarte_Z%C3%BCrich_blank.png/500px-Reliefkarte_Z%C3%BCrich_blank.png 2x" data-file-width="1810" data-file-height="1854" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:59.663%;left:36.194%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Zurich Zürich (German)"><img alt="Zurich Zürich (German)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Zurich <br /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Zürich</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>)</span></span></div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Canton of Zurich</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Zurich&params=47_22_28_N_08_32_28_E_region:CH-ZH_type:city(421878)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">47°22′28″N</span> <span class="longitude">08°32′28″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">47.37444°N 8.54111°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">47.37444; 8.54111</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Switzerland</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Cantons of Switzerland">Canton</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Zurich" title="Canton of Zurich">Zurich</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Switzerland#Canton_of_Zurich" title="Districts of Switzerland">District</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Zurich_(district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zurich (district)">Zurich</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Executive_(government)" title="Executive (government)">Executive</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="#Government">Stadtrat</a></i> <br />with 9 members</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Mayor_(Switzerland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayor (Switzerland)">Mayor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Stadtpräsidentin</i><a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Zurich" title="List of mayors of Zurich"> (list)</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Corine_Mauch" title="Corine Mauch">Corine Mauch</a> <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Social Democratic Party of Switzerland">SPS/PSS</a><br /><span class="nowrap">(as of February 2014)</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Parliament" title="Parliament">Parliament</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="#Parliament">Gemeinderat</a></i> <br />with 125 members</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-56a950927afb7506684b8ca56377daa33ce51248-v18_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-56a950927afb7506684b8ca56377daa33ce51248-v18-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-34465df301612b4c187d3751abe3e95527f60501-v18_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-34465df301612b4c187d3751abe3e95527f60501-v18-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">87.88 km<sup>2</sup> (33.93 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (Zurich main railway station)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">408 m (1,339 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (<a href="/wiki/Uetliberg" title="Uetliberg">Uetliberg</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">871 m (2,858 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lowest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (<a href="/wiki/Limmat" title="Limmat">Limmat</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">392 m (1,286 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(31 December 2018)<sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-34c519b824326ac026c866c5eeb394dc81a720df-v18_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-34c519b824326ac026c866c5eeb394dc81a720df-v18-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-dce39f99fda4d96462f876eb33101626c852185f-v18_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-dce39f99fda4d96462f876eb33101626c852185f-v18-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">415,367</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">4,700/km<sup>2</sup> (12,000/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Zürcher(in)</i></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Switzerland" title="Time in Switzerland">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B01:00" title="UTC+01:00">UTC+01:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">Central European Time</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B02:00" title="UTC+02:00">UTC+02:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">Central European Summer Time</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postal_codes_in_Switzerland_and_Liechtenstein" title="Postal codes in Switzerland and Liechtenstein">Postal code(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">8000–8099</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Community_Identification_Number#Switzerland" title="Community Identification Number">SFOS number</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0261</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">CH-ZH</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Surrounded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Adliswil" title="Adliswil">Adliswil</a>, <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCbendorf" title="Dübendorf">Dübendorf</a>, <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A4llanden" title="Fällanden">Fällanden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kilchberg,_Zurich" title="Kilchberg, Zurich">Kilchberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maur,_Switzerland" title="Maur, Switzerland">Maur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oberengstringen" title="Oberengstringen">Oberengstringen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Opfikon" title="Opfikon">Opfikon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Regensdorf" title="Regensdorf">Regensdorf</a>, <a href="/wiki/R%C3%BCmlang" title="Rümlang">Rümlang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Schlieren,_Zurich" class="mw-redirect" title="Schlieren, Zurich">Schlieren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stallikon" title="Stallikon">Stallikon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uitikon" title="Uitikon">Uitikon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Urdorf" title="Urdorf">Urdorf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wallisellen" title="Wallisellen">Wallisellen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zollikon" title="Zollikon">Zollikon</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Switzerland" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in Switzerland">Twin towns</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kunming" title="Kunming">Kunming</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stadt-zuerich.ch">stadt-zuerich<wbr />.ch</a></span> <br /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.media-stat.admin.ch/maps/profile/profile.html?226.0261.en.geoRefStandard">SFSO statistics</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Zurich</b> (German: <i lang="de">Zürich</i>; <a href="/wiki/Alemannic_German_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Alemannic German language">Alemannic German</a>: <i lang="gsw">Züri</i>) is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Switzerland" title="List of cities in Switzerland">largest city</a> in Switzerland and the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Zurich" title="Canton of Zurich">canton of Zurich</a>. It is located in north-central Switzerland,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at the northwestern tip of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Zurich" title="Lake Zurich">Lake Zurich</a>. As of January 2023<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zurich&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the municipality had 443,037 inhabitants,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Urban_agglomeration" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban agglomeration">urban area</a> 1.315 million (2009),<sup id="cite_ref-Agglomeration_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Agglomeration-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Zurich_Metropolitan_Area" title="Zurich Metropolitan Area">Zurich metropolitan area</a> 1.83 million (2011).<sup id="cite_ref-ZHinZahlen_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZHinZahlen-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zurich is a hub for railways, roads, and air traffic. Both <a href="/wiki/Zurich_Airport" title="Zurich Airport">Zurich Airport</a> and <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich_Hauptbahnhof" title="Zürich Hauptbahnhof">Zurich's main railway station</a> are the largest and busiest in the country. </p><p>Permanently settled for over 2,000 years, Zurich was founded by the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Romans</a>, who called it <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Turicum" title="Turicum">Turicum</a></i></span></i>. However, early settlements have been found dating back more than 6,400 years (although this only indicates human presence in the area and not the presence of a town that early).<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the Middle Ages, Zurich gained the independent and privileged status of <a href="/wiki/Imperial_immediacy" title="Imperial immediacy">imperial immediacy</a> and, in 1519, became a primary centre of the <a href="/wiki/Protestant_Reformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a> in Europe under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Huldrych_Zwingli" title="Huldrych Zwingli">Huldrych Zwingli</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The official language of Zurich is German,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the main spoken language is <a href="/wiki/Zurich_German" title="Zurich German">Zurich German</a>, the local variant of the <a href="/wiki/Alemannic_German" title="Alemannic German">Alemannic</a> <a href="/wiki/Swiss_German" title="Swiss German">Swiss German</a> dialect. </p><p>As one of Switzerland's primary financial centres, Zurich is home to many financial institutions and banking companies.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many museums and art galleries can be found in the city, including the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_National_Museum" title="Swiss National Museum">Swiss National Museum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kunsthaus_Z%C3%BCrich" title="Kunsthaus Zürich">Kunsthaus</a>. <a href="/wiki/Schauspielhaus_Z%C3%BCrich" title="Schauspielhaus Zürich">Schauspielhaus Zürich</a> is generally considered to be one of the most important theatres in the German-speaking world.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zurich&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The name is traditionally written in English as <i>Zurich</i>, without the <a href="/wiki/Umlaut_(diacritic)" title="Umlaut (diacritic)">umlaut</a>. It is pronounced <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/zj/: 'Z' in 'Zeus'">zj</span><span title="/ʊər/: 'our' in 'tour'">ʊər</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span></span>/</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/2\/2f\/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Zurich.wav\/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Zurich.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-Zurich.wav"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Zurich.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Zurich.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:LL-Q1860_(eng)-Vealhurl-Zurich.wav" title="File:LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-Zurich.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">ZURE</span>-ik</i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In German, the city name is written <span title="Swiss Standard German-language text"><i lang="de-CH">Zürich</i></span> and pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[ˈtsyːrɪç]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/5\/5b\/De-Z%C3%BCrich2.ogg\/De-Z%C3%BCrich2.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-Z\u00fcrich2.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5b/De-Z%C3%BCrich2.ogg/De-Z%C3%BCrich2.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-Z%C3%BCrich2.ogg" title="File:De-Zürich2.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>. In <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich_German" class="mw-redirect" title="Zürich German">the local dialect</a>, the name is pronounced without the final consonant and with two short vowels, as <span title="Alemannic German-language text"><i lang="gsw">Züri</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="gsw-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Alemannic_German" title="Help:IPA/Alemannic German">[ˈtsyri]</a></span>, although the adjective remains <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Zürcher(in)</i></span>. The city is called <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Zurich</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[zyʁik]</a></span> in French, <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Zurigo</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="it-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian" title="Help:IPA/Italian">[dzuˈriːɡo]</a></span> in Italian, and <span title="Romansh-language text"><i lang="rm">Turitg</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="rm-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Romansh" title="Help:IPA/Romansh">[tuˈritɕ]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-3" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/6\/66\/Rm-sursilv-Turitg.flac\/Rm-sursilv-Turitg.flac.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Rm-sursilv-Turitg.flac"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/66/Rm-sursilv-Turitg.flac/Rm-sursilv-Turitg.flac.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Rm-sursilv-Turitg.flac" title="File:Rm-sursilv-Turitg.flac">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> in <a href="/wiki/Romansh_language" title="Romansh language">Romansh</a>. </p><p>The earliest known form of the city's name is <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Turicum" title="Turicum">Turicum</a></i></span>, attested on a <a href="/wiki/Tombstone" class="mw-redirect" title="Tombstone">tombstone</a> of the late 2nd century AD in the form <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">STA(tio) TURICEN(sis)</i></span> ("Turicum customs post"). The name is interpreted as a derivation from a given name, possibly the <a href="/wiki/Gaulish" title="Gaulish">Gaulish</a> <a href="/wiki/Celtic_onomastics" title="Celtic onomastics">personal name</a> <i>Tūros</i>. The toponym <span title="Transalpine Gaulish-language text">*<i lang="xtg">Turīcon</i></span> would then mean "belonging to Tūros", "place of Tūros".<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Latin stress on the long vowel of the Gaulish name, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="la-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Latin" title="Help:IPA/Latin">[tʊˈriːkõː]</a></span>, was lost in German <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[ˈtsyːrɪç]</a></span> but is preserved in Italian <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="it-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian" title="Help:IPA/Italian">[dzuˈriːɡo]</a></span> and in Romansh <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="rm-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Romansh" title="Help:IPA/Romansh">[tuˈritɕ]</a></span>. </p><p>The first development towards its later <a href="/wiki/Germanic_languages" title="Germanic languages">Germanic</a> form is attested as early as <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 680–700 with the form <i>Ziurichi</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From the 9th century onward, the name is established in an <a href="/wiki/Old_High_German" title="Old High German">Old High German</a> form <span title="Old High German (ca. 750-1050)-language text"><i lang="goh">Zuri(c)h</i></span> (857 <i>in villa Zurih</i>, 924 <i>in Zurich curtem</i>, 1416 <i>Zürich Stadt</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Neo-Latin" title="Neo-Latin">Neo-Latin</a> texts dating from <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1500–1800, Zurich is often referred to as <i>Tigurum</i>; see <a href="/wiki/Tigurini#Tigurum:_Zürich's_Neo-Latin_name" title="Tigurini">Tigurini</a>. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Grabstein_Lindenhof_Landesmuseum_(Ausschnitt).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="P(rae)P(ositus) STA(tionis) TVRICEN(sis): "head of Zurich customs post" (detail from a Roman tombstone, c. AD 185–200, discovered in 1747)"><img alt="P(rae)P(ositus) STA(tionis) TVRICEN(sis): "head of Zurich customs post" (detail from a Roman tombstone, c. AD 185–200, discovered in 1747)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Grabstein_Lindenhof_Landesmuseum_%28Ausschnitt%29.jpg/120px-Grabstein_Lindenhof_Landesmuseum_%28Ausschnitt%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Grabstein_Lindenhof_Landesmuseum_%28Ausschnitt%29.jpg/180px-Grabstein_Lindenhof_Landesmuseum_%28Ausschnitt%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Grabstein_Lindenhof_Landesmuseum_%28Ausschnitt%29.jpg/240px-Grabstein_Lindenhof_Landesmuseum_%28Ausschnitt%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1009" data-file-height="673" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">P(rae)P(ositus) STA(tionis) TVRICEN(sis): "head of Zurich customs post" (detail from a Roman tombstone, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> AD 185–200, discovered in 1747)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Z%C3%BCrich,_Guldiner_1512_(CH-2088-6-ID3697)_rv.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="MON(eta) NOV(a) THVRICENSIS CIVIT(atis) IMPERIALIS: "new coin of Zürich, imperial city", 1512 (with Zürich's patron saints Felix, Regula and Exuperantius)"><img alt="MON(eta) NOV(a) THVRICENSIS CIVIT(atis) IMPERIALIS: "new coin of Zürich, imperial city", 1512 (with Zürich's patron saints Felix, Regula and Exuperantius)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Z%C3%BCrich%2C_Guldiner_1512_%28CH-2088-6-ID3697%29_rv.jpg/120px-Z%C3%BCrich%2C_Guldiner_1512_%28CH-2088-6-ID3697%29_rv.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Z%C3%BCrich%2C_Guldiner_1512_%28CH-2088-6-ID3697%29_rv.jpg/180px-Z%C3%BCrich%2C_Guldiner_1512_%28CH-2088-6-ID3697%29_rv.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Z%C3%BCrich%2C_Guldiner_1512_%28CH-2088-6-ID3697%29_rv.jpg/239px-Z%C3%BCrich%2C_Guldiner_1512_%28CH-2088-6-ID3697%29_rv.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1550" data-file-height="1554" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">MON(eta) NOV(a) THVRICENSIS CIVIT(atis) IMPERIALIS: "new coin of Zürich, imperial city", 1512 (with Zürich's patron saints <a href="/wiki/Felix_and_Regula" title="Felix and Regula">Felix, Regula and Exuperantius</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Z%C3%BCrich,_%C2%BD_Taler_1721_(CH-2088-6-ID734)_rv.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tigurum instead of Turicum: Zürich's Neo-Latin name had been invented by scholars of the early 16th century; see Tigurini (½ thaler from 1721)"><img alt="Tigurum instead of Turicum: Zürich's Neo-Latin name had been invented by scholars of the early 16th century; see Tigurini (½ thaler from 1721)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Z%C3%BCrich%2C_%C2%BD_Taler_1721_%28CH-2088-6-ID734%29_rv.jpg/120px-Z%C3%BCrich%2C_%C2%BD_Taler_1721_%28CH-2088-6-ID734%29_rv.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Z%C3%BCrich%2C_%C2%BD_Taler_1721_%28CH-2088-6-ID734%29_rv.jpg/180px-Z%C3%BCrich%2C_%C2%BD_Taler_1721_%28CH-2088-6-ID734%29_rv.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Z%C3%BCrich%2C_%C2%BD_Taler_1721_%28CH-2088-6-ID734%29_rv.jpg/240px-Z%C3%BCrich%2C_%C2%BD_Taler_1721_%28CH-2088-6-ID734%29_rv.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1192" data-file-height="1186" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Tigurum</i> instead of <i>Turicum</i>: Zürich's <a href="/wiki/Neo-Latin" title="Neo-Latin">Neo-Latin</a> name had been invented by scholars of the early 16th century; see <a href="/wiki/Tigurini#Tigurum:_Zürich's_Neo-Latin_name" title="Tigurini">Tigurini</a> (½ <i>thaler</i> from 1721)</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zurich&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Zurich" title="History of Zurich">History of Zurich</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a chronological guide, see <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Zurich" title="Timeline of Zurich">Timeline of Zurich</a>.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zurich&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Z%C3%BCrich_Bullinger.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Z%C3%BCrich_Bullinger.jpg/220px-Z%C3%BCrich_Bullinger.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Z%C3%BCrich_Bullinger.jpg/330px-Z%C3%BCrich_Bullinger.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Z%C3%BCrich_Bullinger.jpg/440px-Z%C3%BCrich_Bullinger.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1793" data-file-height="1912" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Johann_Balthasar_Bullinger" title="Johann Balthasar Bullinger">Johann Balthasar Bullinger</a>'s imagining of Zurich in Roman times (engraving 1773)</figcaption></figure> <p>Settlements of the <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a> were found around <a href="/wiki/Lake_Zurich" title="Lake Zurich">Lake Zurich</a>. Traces of pre-Roman Celtic <a href="/wiki/La_T%C3%A8ne_culture" title="La Tène culture">La Tène</a> settlements were discovered near the <a href="/wiki/Lindenhof_hill" title="Lindenhof hill">Lindenhof</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Moraine" title="Moraine">morainic</a> hill dominating the SE – NW waterway constituted by Lake Zurich and the river <a href="/wiki/Limmat" title="Limmat">Limmat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-dr571_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dr571-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Roman_Gaul" title="Roman Gaul">Roman times</a>, during the conquest of the alpine region in 15 BC, the Romans built a <i><a href="/wiki/Castellum" title="Castellum">castellum</a></i> on the Lindenhof.<sup id="cite_ref-dr571_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dr571-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later here was erected <i><a href="/wiki/Turicum" title="Turicum">Turicum</a></i> (a <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/toponym" class="extiw" title="wikt:toponym">toponym</a> of clear <a href="/wiki/Celts" title="Celts">Celtic</a> origin), a tax-collecting point for goods trafficked on the Limmat, which constituted part of the border between <a href="/wiki/Gallia_Belgica" title="Gallia Belgica">Gallia Belgica</a> (from AD 90 <a href="/wiki/Germania_Superior" title="Germania Superior">Germania Superior</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Raetia" title="Raetia">Raetia</a>: this customs point developed later into a <i><a href="/wiki/Vicus" title="Vicus">vicus</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-dr571_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dr571-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After Emperor <a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great" title="Constantine the Great">Constantine</a>'s reforms in AD 318, the border between <a href="/wiki/Gaul" title="Gaul">Gaul</a> and Italy (two of the four <a href="/wiki/Praetorian_prefectures" class="mw-redirect" title="Praetorian prefectures">praetorian prefectures</a> of the Roman Empire) was located east of Turicum, crossing the river <a href="/wiki/Linth" title="Linth">Linth</a> between <a href="/wiki/Lake_Walen" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake Walen">Lake Walen</a> and Lake Zurich where a castle and garrison looked over Turicum's safety. The earliest written record of the town dates from the 2nd century, with a tombstone referring to it as the <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Statio Turicensis <a href="/wiki/Quadragesima_Galliarum" title="Quadragesima Galliarum">Quadragesima Galliarum</a></i></span></i> ("Zurich post for collecting the 2.5% value tax of the Galliae"), discovered at the <a href="/wiki/Lindenhof" title="Lindenhof">Lindenhof</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-dr571_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dr571-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 5th century, the Germanic <a href="/wiki/Alemanni" title="Alemanni">Alemanni</a> tribe settled in the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Plateau" title="Swiss Plateau">Swiss Plateau</a>. The Roman castle remained standing until the 7th century. A <a href="/wiki/Carolingian" class="mw-redirect" title="Carolingian">Carolingian</a> castle, built on the site of the Roman castle by the grandson of <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louis_the_German" title="Louis the German">Louis the German</a>, is mentioned in 835 (<i>in Castro Turicino iuxta fluvium Lindemaci</i>). Louis also founded the <a href="/wiki/Fraum%C3%BCnster" title="Fraumünster">Fraumünster</a> abbey in 853 for his daughter Hildegard. He endowed the <a href="/wiki/Benedictine" class="mw-redirect" title="Benedictine">Benedictine</a> convent with the lands of Zurich, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Uri" title="Canton of Uri">Uri</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Albis" title="Albis">Albis</a> forest, and granted the convent immunity, placing it under his direct authority. In 1045, King <a href="/wiki/Henry_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry III</a> granted the convent the right to hold markets, collect tolls, and mint coins, and thus effectively made the abbess the ruler of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Zurich gained <a href="/wiki/Imperial_immediacy" title="Imperial immediacy">Imperial immediacy</a> (<i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Reichsunmittelbar</i></span></i>, becoming an <a href="/wiki/Imperial_free_city" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial free city">Imperial free city</a>) in 1218 with the extinction of the main line of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Z%C3%A4hringen" title="House of Zähringen">Zähringer family</a> and attained a status comparable to statehood. During the 1230s, a <a href="/wiki/Defensive_wall" title="Defensive wall">city wall</a> was built, enclosing 38 hectares, when the earliest stone houses on the Rennweg were built as well. The Carolingian castle was used as a quarry, as it had started to fall into ruin.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Emperor <a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick II</a> promoted the abbess of the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Fraumünster</i></span> to the rank of a <a href="/wiki/Duchess" class="mw-redirect" title="Duchess">duchess</a> in 1234. The abbess nominated the mayor, and she frequently delegated the minting of coins to citizens of the city. The political power of the convent slowly waned in the 14th century, beginning with the establishment of the <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Zunftordnung</i></span></i> (<a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCnfte_of_Z%C3%BCrich" title="Zünfte of Zürich">guild</a> laws) in 1336 by <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Brun" title="Rudolf Brun">Rudolf Brun</a>, who also became the first independent mayor, i.e. not nominated by the abbess. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Codex_Manesse_Johannes_Hadlaub.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Codex_Manesse_Johannes_Hadlaub.jpg/220px-Codex_Manesse_Johannes_Hadlaub.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="322" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Codex_Manesse_Johannes_Hadlaub.jpg/330px-Codex_Manesse_Johannes_Hadlaub.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Codex_Manesse_Johannes_Hadlaub.jpg/440px-Codex_Manesse_Johannes_Hadlaub.jpg 2x" data-file-width="983" data-file-height="1439" /></a><figcaption>Manesse Codex Folio 371r</figcaption></figure> <p>An important event in the early 14th century was the completion of the <a href="/wiki/Manesse_Codex" class="mw-redirect" title="Manesse Codex">Manesse Codex</a>, a key source of medieval German poetry. The famous <a href="/wiki/Illuminated_manuscript" title="Illuminated manuscript">illuminated manuscript</a> – described as "the most beautifully illumined German manuscript in centuries;"<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – was commissioned by the Manesse family of Zurich, copied and illustrated in the city at some time between 1304 and 1340. Producing such a work was a highly expensive prestige project, requiring several years of work by highly skilled scribes<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and miniature painters, and it testifies to the increasing wealth and pride of Zurich citizens in this period. The work contains 6 songs by <a href="/wiki/S%C3%BC%C3%9Fkind_von_Trimberg" title="Süßkind von Trimberg">Süsskind von Trimberg</a>, who may have been a Jew, since the work itself contains reflections on medieval Jewish life, though little is known about him.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first mention of <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Zurich" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Jews in Zurich">Jews in Zurich</a> was in 1273. Sources show that there was a synagogue in Zurich in the 13th century, implying the existence of a Jewish community.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the rise of the Black Death in 1349, Zurich, like most other Swiss cities, responded by <a href="/wiki/Zurich_Massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Zurich Massacre">persecuting and burning the local Jews</a>, marking the end of the first Jewish community there. The second Jewish community of Zurich formed towards the end of the 14th century, was short-lived, and Jews were expulsed and banned from the city from 1423 until the 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Archaeological_findings">Archaeological findings</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zurich&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Archaeological findings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A woman who died in about 200 BC was found buried in a carved tree trunk during a construction project at the Kern school complex in March 2017 in Aussersihl. Archaeologists revealed that she was approximately 40 years old when she died and likely carried out little physical labor when she was alive. A sheepskin coat, a belt chain, a fancy wool dress, a scarf, and a pendant made of glass and amber beads were also discovered with the woman.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Old_Swiss_Confederacy">Old Swiss Confederacy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zurich&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Old Swiss Confederacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zuerichkrieg_1444.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Zuerichkrieg_1444.jpg/220px-Zuerichkrieg_1444.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Zuerichkrieg_1444.jpg/330px-Zuerichkrieg_1444.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Zuerichkrieg_1444.jpg/440px-Zuerichkrieg_1444.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="848" /></a><figcaption>A scene depicting the <a href="/wiki/Old_Zurich_War" title="Old Zurich War">Old Zurich War</a> in 1443 (1514, illustration in Federal Chronicle by Werner Schodoler)</figcaption></figure> <p>On 1 May 1351, the citizens of Zurich had to swear allegiance before representatives of the cantons of <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Lucerne" title="Canton of Lucerne">Lucerne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Schwyz" title="Canton of Schwyz">Schwyz</a>, Uri and <a href="/wiki/Unterwalden" title="Unterwalden">Unterwalden</a>, the other members of the <a href="/wiki/Old_Swiss_Confederacy" title="Old Swiss Confederacy">Swiss Confederacy</a>. Thus, Zurich became the fifth member of the Confederacy, which was at that time a loose confederation of <i>de facto</i> <a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Cantons of Switzerland">independent states</a>. Zurich was the presiding canton of the Diet from 1468 to 1519. This authority was the executive council and lawmaking body of the confederacy, from the Middle Ages until the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Swiss federal state</a> in 1848. Zurich was temporarily expelled from the confederacy in 1440 due to a war with the other member states over the territory of <a href="/wiki/Toggenburg" title="Toggenburg">Toggenburg</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Old_Zurich_War" title="Old Zurich War">Old Zurich War</a>). Neither side had attained significant victory when peace was agreed upon in 1446, and Zurich was readmitted to the confederation in 1450.<sup id="cite_ref-History_of_Zurich_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History_of_Zurich-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Murerplan_Zuerich.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Murerplan_Zuerich.jpg/220px-Murerplan_Zuerich.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Murerplan_Zuerich.jpg/330px-Murerplan_Zuerich.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Murerplan_Zuerich.jpg/440px-Murerplan_Zuerich.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4857" data-file-height="3306" /></a><figcaption>The <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Murerplan" title="Murerplan">Murerplan</a></i></span></i> of 1576</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Huldrych_Zwingli" title="Huldrych Zwingli">Zwingli</a> started the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Reformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss Reformation">Swiss Reformation</a> at the time when he was the main preacher at the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Grossm%C3%BCnster" title="Grossmünster">Grossmünster</a></i></span> in 1519. The <a href="/wiki/Zurich_Bible_of_1531" title="Zurich Bible of 1531">Zurich Bible</a> was printed by <a href="/wiki/Christoph_Froschauer" title="Christoph Froschauer">Christoph Froschauer</a> in 1531. The Reformation resulted in major changes in state matters and civil life in Zurich, spreading also to several other cantons. Several cantons remained Catholic and became the basis of serious conflicts that eventually led to the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/Wars_of_Kappel" title="Wars of Kappel">Wars of Kappel</a>. </p><p>During the 16th and 17th centuries, the Council of Zurich adopted an isolationist attitude, resulting in a second ring of imposing fortifications built in 1624. The <a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a> which raged across Europe motivated the city to build these walls. The fortifications required a lot of resources, which were taken from subject territories without reaching any agreement. The following revolts were crushed brutally. In 1648, Zurich proclaimed itself a republic, shedding its former status of a free imperial city.<sup id="cite_ref-History_of_Zurich_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History_of_Zurich-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this time the political system of Zurich was an <a href="/wiki/Oligarchy" title="Oligarchy">oligarchy</a> (<i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Patriziat</i></span></i>): the dominant families of the city were the following ones: Bonstetten, Brun, Bürkli, Escher vom Glas, Escher vom Luchs, Hirzel, Jori (or von Jori), Kilchsperger, Landenberg, Manesse, Meiss, Meyer von Knonau, Mülner, von Orelli. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bild_Zueriputsch1839.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Bild_Zueriputsch1839.jpg/220px-Bild_Zueriputsch1839.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Bild_Zueriputsch1839.jpg/330px-Bild_Zueriputsch1839.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Bild_Zueriputsch1839.jpg/440px-Bild_Zueriputsch1839.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="534" /></a><figcaption>Fighting on the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Paradeplatz" title="Paradeplatz">Paradeplatz</a></i></span> during the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCriputsch" title="Züriputsch">Züriputsch</a></i></span></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Helvetic_Republic" title="Helvetic Republic">Helvetic Revolution</a> of 1798 saw the fall of the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Ancien_R%C3%A9gime" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancien Régime">Ancien Régime</a></i></span>. Zurich lost control of the land and its economic privileges, and the city and the canton separated their possessions between 1803 and 1805. In 1839, the city had to yield to the demands of its urban subjects, following the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCriputsch" title="Züriputsch">Züriputsch</a></i></span> of 6 September. Most of the ramparts built in the 17th century were torn down, without ever having been besieged, to allay rural concerns over the city's <a href="/wiki/Hegemony" title="Hegemony">hegemony</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Zurich" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Zurich">Treaty of Zurich</a> between Austria, France, and Sardinia was signed in 1859.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (April 2023)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_history">Modern history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zurich&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Modern history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zentralbibliothek_Z%C3%BCrich_-_Z%C3%BCrich_Bahnhofplatz_-_000006617_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Zentralbibliothek_Z%C3%BCrich_-_Z%C3%BCrich_Bahnhofplatz_-_000006617_1.jpg/220px-Zentralbibliothek_Z%C3%BCrich_-_Z%C3%BCrich_Bahnhofplatz_-_000006617_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Zentralbibliothek_Z%C3%BCrich_-_Z%C3%BCrich_Bahnhofplatz_-_000006617_1.jpg/330px-Zentralbibliothek_Z%C3%BCrich_-_Z%C3%BCrich_Bahnhofplatz_-_000006617_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Zentralbibliothek_Z%C3%BCrich_-_Z%C3%BCrich_Bahnhofplatz_-_000006617_1.jpg/440px-Zentralbibliothek_Z%C3%BCrich_-_Z%C3%BCrich_Bahnhofplatz_-_000006617_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4074" data-file-height="3170" /></a><figcaption><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Bahnhofplatz</i></span> in 1900</figcaption></figure> <p>Zurich was the Federal capital for 1839–40, and consequently, the victory of the Conservative party there in 1839 caused a great stir throughout Switzerland. But when in 1845 the Radicals regained power at Zurich, which was again the Federal capital for 1845–46, Zurich took the lead in opposing the <a href="/wiki/Sonderbund" class="mw-redirect" title="Sonderbund">Sonderbund</a> cantons. Following the Sonderbund War and the formation of the Swiss Federal State, Zürich voted in favor of the Federal constitutions of 1848 and 1874. The enormous <a href="/wiki/Immigration" title="Immigration">immigration</a> from the country districts into the town from the 1830s onwards created an industrial class which, though "settled" in the town, did not possess the privileges of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Burghership&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Burghership (page does not exist)">burghership</a>, and consequently had no share in the municipal government. First of all in 1860 the town schools, hitherto open to "settlers" only on paying high fees, were made accessible to all, next in 1875 ten years' residence <i>ipso facto</i> conferred the right of burghership, and in 1893 the eleven outlying districts were incorporated within the town proper. </p><p>When Jews began to settle in Zurich following their equality in 1862, the <a href="/wiki/Israelitische_Cultusgemeinde_Z%C3%BCrich" title="Israelitische Cultusgemeinde Zürich">Israelitische Cultusgemeinde Zürich</a> was founded.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ETH-BIB-Z%C3%BCrich,_Stadt-LBS_H1-022511.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/ETH-BIB-Z%C3%BCrich%2C_Stadt-LBS_H1-022511.tif/lossy-page1-220px-ETH-BIB-Z%C3%BCrich%2C_Stadt-LBS_H1-022511.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/ETH-BIB-Z%C3%BCrich%2C_Stadt-LBS_H1-022511.tif/lossy-page1-330px-ETH-BIB-Z%C3%BCrich%2C_Stadt-LBS_H1-022511.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/ETH-BIB-Z%C3%BCrich%2C_Stadt-LBS_H1-022511.tif/lossy-page1-440px-ETH-BIB-Z%C3%BCrich%2C_Stadt-LBS_H1-022511.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7553" data-file-height="5280" /></a><figcaption>Aerial view (1961)</figcaption></figure> <p>Extensive developments took place during the 19th century. From 1847, the <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Spanisch-Brötli-Bahn</i></span></i>, the first railway on Swiss territory, connected Zurich with <a href="/wiki/Baden,_Switzerland" title="Baden, Switzerland">Baden</a>, putting the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich_Hauptbahnhof" title="Zürich Hauptbahnhof">Zürich Hauptbahnhof</a></i></span> at the origin of the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Federal_Railways" title="Swiss Federal Railways">Swiss rail</a> network. The present building of the <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Hauptbahnhof</i></span></i> (the main railway station) dates to 1871. Zurich's <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Bahnhofstrasse" title="Bahnhofstrasse">Bahnhofstrasse</a></i></span> (Station Street) was laid out in 1867, and the <a href="/wiki/SIX_Swiss_Exchange" title="SIX Swiss Exchange">Zurich Stock Exchange</a> was founded in 1877. <a href="/wiki/Industrialisation" title="Industrialisation">Industrialisation</a> led to migration into the cities and to rapid population growth, particularly in the suburbs of Zurich. </p><p>The <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Quaianlagen_(Z%C3%BCrich)" class="mw-redirect" title="Quaianlagen (Zürich)">Quaianlagen</a></i></span> are an important milestone in the development of the modern city of Zurich, as the construction of the new lakefront transformed Zurich from a small medieval town on the rivers <a href="/wiki/Limmat" title="Limmat">Limmat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sihl" title="Sihl">Sihl</a> to a modern city on the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Zürichsee</i></span> shore, under the guidance of the city engineer <a href="/wiki/Arnold_B%C3%BCrkli" title="Arnold Bürkli">Arnold Bürkli</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1893, the twelve outlying districts were incorporated into Zurich, including Aussersihl, the workman's quarter on the left bank of the Sihl, and additional land was reclaimed from Lake Zürich.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1934, eight additional districts in the north and west of Zurich were incorporated. </p><p>Zurich was <a href="/wiki/Bombings_of_Switzerland_in_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombings of Switzerland in World War II">accidentally bombed</a> during World War II. As persecuted Jews sought refuge in Switzerland, the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Federation_of_Jewish_Communities" title="Swiss Federation of Jewish Communities">SIG</a> (<i>Schweizerischer Israelitischer Gemeindebund</i>, Israelite Community of Switzerland) raised financial resources. The Central Committee for Refugee Aid, created in 1933, was located in Zurich. </p><p>The canton of Zurich did not recognize the Jewish religious communities as legal entities (and therefore as equal to national churches) until 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Heraldic_achievement">Heraldic achievement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zurich&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Heraldic achievement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_Stadt_Z%C3%BCrich.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Logo_Stadt_Z%C3%BCrich.svg/220px-Logo_Stadt_Z%C3%BCrich.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Logo_Stadt_Z%C3%BCrich.svg/330px-Logo_Stadt_Z%C3%BCrich.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Logo_Stadt_Z%C3%BCrich.svg/440px-Logo_Stadt_Z%C3%BCrich.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="82" /></a><figcaption>Logo of the municipality:<br />a modern version of the <a href="/wiki/Heraldic_achievement" class="mw-redirect" title="Heraldic achievement">heraldic achievement</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms" title="Coat of arms">coat of arms</a> of Zurich, used by both the city and the canton, consists of a divided field featuring white (argent) and blue (azure). Its origins date back to the 14th century, with the earliest documentation found on a seal of the Imperial Court of Justice from 1384. The shield appeared in colour on a banner in 1437 and a coin around 1417/18.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When the canton of Zurich was established in 1803, it adopted the <a href="/wiki/Heraldic_achievement" class="mw-redirect" title="Heraldic achievement">heraldic achievement</a> that had been the city's for centuries, and a new version was created for the city by adding a <a href="/wiki/Mural_crown" title="Mural crown">mural crown</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Crest_(heraldry)" title="Crest (heraldry)">crest</a>. There are slight differences between the <a href="/wiki/Supporter" title="Supporter">supporters</a> of the city and the canton, too: Both have their coats of arms supported by two lions, but the lions of the canton hold a sword and a palm leaf (which belonged to the city before the canton came into existence; see pictures below).<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappenscheibe_Stadt_Z%C3%BCrich_1557.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Imperial city (1557)"><img alt="Imperial city (1557)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wappenscheibe_Stadt_Z%C3%BCrich_1557.jpg/96px-Wappenscheibe_Stadt_Z%C3%BCrich_1557.jpg" decoding="async" width="96" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wappenscheibe_Stadt_Z%C3%BCrich_1557.jpg/143px-Wappenscheibe_Stadt_Z%C3%BCrich_1557.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wappenscheibe_Stadt_Z%C3%BCrich_1557.jpg/191px-Wappenscheibe_Stadt_Z%C3%BCrich_1557.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3223" data-file-height="4045" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Imperial_city" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial city">Imperial city</a> (1557)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Z%C3%BCrich,_Taler_1723_(CH-2088-6-ID619)_av.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Republic (1723)"><img alt="Republic (1723)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Z%C3%BCrich%2C_Taler_1723_%28CH-2088-6-ID619%29_av.jpg/120px-Z%C3%BCrich%2C_Taler_1723_%28CH-2088-6-ID619%29_av.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Z%C3%BCrich%2C_Taler_1723_%28CH-2088-6-ID619%29_av.jpg/180px-Z%C3%BCrich%2C_Taler_1723_%28CH-2088-6-ID619%29_av.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Z%C3%BCrich%2C_Taler_1723_%28CH-2088-6-ID619%29_av.jpg/240px-Z%C3%BCrich%2C_Taler_1723_%28CH-2088-6-ID619%29_av.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1433" data-file-height="1435" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Republic (1723)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Klausstud_(Stadtbann)_-_Seefeld_-_Hafen_Riesbach_2011-04-25_19-17-08.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Capital of the canton of Zurich (1812)"><img alt="Capital of the canton of Zurich (1812)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Klausstud_%28Stadtbann%29_-_Seefeld_-_Hafen_Riesbach_2011-04-25_19-17-08.JPG/79px-Klausstud_%28Stadtbann%29_-_Seefeld_-_Hafen_Riesbach_2011-04-25_19-17-08.JPG" decoding="async" width="79" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Klausstud_%28Stadtbann%29_-_Seefeld_-_Hafen_Riesbach_2011-04-25_19-17-08.JPG/119px-Klausstud_%28Stadtbann%29_-_Seefeld_-_Hafen_Riesbach_2011-04-25_19-17-08.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Klausstud_%28Stadtbann%29_-_Seefeld_-_Hafen_Riesbach_2011-04-25_19-17-08.JPG/159px-Klausstud_%28Stadtbann%29_-_Seefeld_-_Hafen_Riesbach_2011-04-25_19-17-08.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2298" data-file-height="3462" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Capital of the canton of Zurich (1812)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Z%C3%BCrich_-_Rathaus_-_Portikus-Details_IMG_1112.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The coat of arms on the Town Hall"><img alt="The coat of arms on the Town Hall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Z%C3%BCrich_-_Rathaus_-_Portikus-Details_IMG_1112.jpg/90px-Z%C3%BCrich_-_Rathaus_-_Portikus-Details_IMG_1112.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Z%C3%BCrich_-_Rathaus_-_Portikus-Details_IMG_1112.jpg/135px-Z%C3%BCrich_-_Rathaus_-_Portikus-Details_IMG_1112.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Z%C3%BCrich_-_Rathaus_-_Portikus-Details_IMG_1112.jpg/180px-Z%C3%BCrich_-_Rathaus_-_Portikus-Details_IMG_1112.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2338" data-file-height="3118" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The coat of arms on the <a href="/wiki/Zurich_Town_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Zurich Town Hall">Town Hall</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zurich&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="City_districts">City districts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zurich&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: City districts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Zurich" title="Subdivisions of Zurich">Subdivisions of Zurich</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Karte_Stadtkreise_Z%C3%BCrich.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Karte_Stadtkreise_Z%C3%BCrich.png/220px-Karte_Stadtkreise_Z%C3%BCrich.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Karte_Stadtkreise_Z%C3%BCrich.png/330px-Karte_Stadtkreise_Z%C3%BCrich.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Karte_Stadtkreise_Z%C3%BCrich.png/440px-Karte_Stadtkreise_Z%C3%BCrich.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="1093" /></a><figcaption>Zurich's twelve municipal districts</figcaption></figure> <p>The previous boundaries of the city of Zurich (before 1893) were more or less synonymous with the location of the old town. Two large expansions of the city limits occurred in 1893 and in 1934 when the city of Zürich merged with many surrounding municipalities, that had been growing increasingly together since the 19th century. Today, the city is divided into twelve districts (known as <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Kreis</i></span></i> in German), numbered 1 to 12, each one of which contains between one and four neighborhoods: </p> <ul><li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Altstadt_(Z%C3%BCrich)" class="mw-redirect" title="Altstadt (Zürich)">Kreis 1</a></i></span>, known as <b><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Altstadt</i></span></b>, contains the old town, both to the east and west of the start of the <a href="/wiki/Limmat" title="Limmat">Limmat</a>. District 1 contains the neighbourhoods of <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Hochschulen</i></span></i>, <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Rathaus</i></span></i>, <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Lindenhof</i></span></i>, and <i>City</i>.</li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/District_2_(Z%C3%BCrich)" title="District 2 (Zürich)">Kreis 2</a></i></span> lies along the west side of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake Zürich">Lake Zürich</a>, and contains the neighbourhoods of <i>Enge</i>, <i>Wollishofen</i> and <i>Leimbach</i>.</li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/District_3_(Z%C3%BCrich)" class="mw-redirect" title="District 3 (Zürich)">Kreis 3</a></i></span>, known as <b><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Wiedikon</i></span></b> is between the <a href="/wiki/Sihl" title="Sihl">Sihl</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Uetliberg" title="Uetliberg">Uetliberg</a>, and contains the neighbourhoods of <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Alt-Wiedikon</i></span></i>, <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Sihlfeld</i></span></i> and <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Friesenberg</i></span></i>.</li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/District_4_(Z%C3%BCrich)" class="mw-redirect" title="District 4 (Zürich)">Kreis 4</a></i></span>, known as <b><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Aussersihl</i></span></b> lies between the Sihl and the train tracks leaving <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich_Hauptbahnhof" title="Zürich Hauptbahnhof">Zürich Hauptbahnhof</a></i></span>, and contains the neighbourhoods of <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Werd</i></span></i>, <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Langstrasse</i></span></i>, and <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Hard</i></span></i>.</li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/District_5_(Z%C3%BCrich)" class="mw-redirect" title="District 5 (Zürich)">Kreis 5</a></i></span>, known as <b><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Industriequartier</i></span></b>, is between the Limmat and the train tracks leaving <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich_Hauptbahnhof" title="Zürich Hauptbahnhof">Zürich Hauptbahnhof</a></i></span>, it contains the former industrial area of Zürich which has undergone large-scale rezoning to create upscale modern housing, retail, commercial real estate, and a few big vocational schools. It contains the neighborhoods of <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Gewerbeschule</i></span></i> and <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Escher-Wyss</i></span></i>.</li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/District_6_(Z%C3%BCrich)" title="District 6 (Zürich)">Kreis 6</a></i></span> is on the edge of the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrichberg" title="Zürichberg">Zürichberg</a></i></span>, a hill overlooking the eastern part of the city. District 6 contains the neighbourhoods of <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Oberstrass" title="Oberstrass">Oberstrass</a></i></span></i> and <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Unterstrass" title="Unterstrass">Unterstrass</a></i></span></i>.</li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/District_7_(Z%C3%BCrich)" title="District 7 (Zürich)">Kreis 7</a></i></span> is on the edge of the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Adlisberg" title="Adlisberg">Adlisberg</a></i></span> hill as well as the Zürichberg, on the eastern side of the city. District 7 contains the neighbourhoods of <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Fluntern</i></span></i>, <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Hottingen_(Z%C3%BCrich)" title="Hottingen (Zürich)">Hottingen</a></i></span></i>, and <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Hirslanden" title="Hirslanden">Hirslanden</a></i></span></i>. These neighbourhoods are home to Zürich's wealthiest and more prominent residents. The <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Witikon" title="Witikon">Witikon</a></i></span></i> neighbourhood also belongs to district 7.</li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/District_8_(Z%C3%BCrich)" class="mw-redirect" title="District 8 (Zürich)">Kreis 8</a></i></span>, officially called <b><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Riesbach</i></span></b>, but colloquially known as <b>Seefeld</b>, lies on the eastern side of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake Zürich">Lake Zürich</a>. District 8 consists of the neighbourhoods of <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Seefeld</i></span></i>, <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Mühlebach</i></span></i>, and <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Weinegg</i></span></i>.</li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/District_9_(Z%C3%BCrich)" title="District 9 (Zürich)">Kreis 9</a></i></span> is between the Limmat to the north and the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Uetliberg</i></span> to the south. It contains the neighbourhoods <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Altstetten_(Z%C3%BCrich)" title="Altstetten (Zürich)">Altstetten</a></i></span></i> and <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Albisrieden" title="Albisrieden">Albisrieden</a></i></span></i>.</li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/District_10_(Z%C3%BCrich)" title="District 10 (Zürich)">Kreis 10</a></i></span> is to the east of the <a href="/wiki/Limmat" title="Limmat">Limmat</a> and to the south of the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Hönggerberg</i></span> and <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A4ferberg" title="Käferberg">Käferberg</a></i></span> hills. District 10 contains the neighbourhoods of <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6ngg" title="Höngg">Höngg</a></i></span></i> and <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Wipkingen" title="Wipkingen">Wipkingen</a></i></span></i>.</li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/District_11_(Z%C3%BCrich)" title="District 11 (Zürich)">Kreis 11</a></i></span> is in the area north of the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Hönggerberg</i></span> and <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A4ferberg" title="Käferberg">Käferberg</a></i></span> and between the <a href="/wiki/Glatt_Valley" title="Glatt Valley">Glatt Valley</a> and the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Katzensee" title="Katzensee">Katzensee</a></i></span> (Cats Lake). It contains the neighbourhoods of <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Affoltern_(Z%C3%BCrich)" title="Affoltern (Zürich)">Affoltern</a></i></span></i>, <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Oerlikon_(Z%C3%BCrich)" title="Oerlikon (Zürich)">Oerlikon</a></i></span></i> and <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Seebach_(Z%C3%BCrich)" title="Seebach (Zürich)">Seebach</a></i></span></i>.</li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/District_12_(Z%C3%BCrich)" class="mw-redirect" title="District 12 (Zürich)">Kreis 12</a></i></span>, known as <b><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Schwamendingen</i></span></b>, is located in the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Glatt_Valley" title="Glatt Valley">Glattal</a></i></span> (Glatt valley) on the northern side of the <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrichberg" title="Zürichberg">Zürichberg</a>. District 12 contains the neighbourhoods of <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Saatlen</i></span></i>, <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Schwamendigen Mitte</i></span></i>, and <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Hirzenbach</i></span></i>.</li></ul> <p>Most of the district boundaries are fairly similar to the original boundaries of the previously existing municipalities before they were incorporated into the city of Zurich </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Government">Government</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zurich&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Zurich" title="List of mayors of Zurich">List of mayors of Zurich</a></div> <p>The City Council (<b><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Stadtrat</i></span></b>) constitutes the executive government of the City of Zurich and operates as a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Collegiate_authority&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Collegiate authority (page does not exist)">collegiate authority</a>. It is composed of nine councilors, each presiding over a department. Departmental tasks, coordination measures and implementation of laws decreed by the Municipal Council are carried out by the City Council. The regular election of the City Council by any inhabitant valid to vote is held every four years. The mayor (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Stadtpräsident(in)</i>) is elected as such by a public election by a system of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Majorz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Majorz (page does not exist)">Majorz</a> while the heads of the other departments are assigned by the collegiate. Any resident of Zurich allowed to vote can be elected as a member of the City Council. In the mandate period 2022–2026 (<i>Legislatur</i>) the City Council is presided by mayor <a href="/wiki/Corine_Mauch" title="Corine Mauch">Corine Mauch</a>. The executive body holds its meetings in the City Hall (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Stadthaus</i>), on the left bank of the Limmat. The building was built in 1883 in Renaissance style. </p><p>As of May 2023<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zurich&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the Zurich City Council is made up of four representatives of the SP (<a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Social Democratic Party of Switzerland">Social Democratic Party</a>, one of whom is the mayor), two members each of the <a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Green Party of Switzerland">Green Party</a> and the FDP (<a href="/wiki/Free_Democratic_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Free Democratic Party of Switzerland">Free Democratic Party</a>), and one member of GLP (<a href="/wiki/Green_Liberal_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Green Liberal Party of Switzerland">Green Liberal Party</a>), giving the left parties a combined six out of nine seats.<sup id="cite_ref-SR_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SR-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The last regular election was held on 13 February 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-W22_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-W22-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" border="1"> <caption>The <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Stadtrat</i></span></i> of Zurich (2022–26)<sup id="cite_ref-SR_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SR-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">City Councilor (<i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Stadtrat / Stadträtin</i></span></i>) </th> <th scope="col">Party </th> <th scope="col">Head of Office (<i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Departement</i></span></i>, since) </th> <th scope="col">elected since </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Corine_Mauch" title="Corine Mauch">Corine Mauch</a><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>SR 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#E4002B; color:white;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> SP </td> <td>Mayor's Office (<i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Präsidialdepartement</i></span></i>, 2009) </td> <td>2009 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Leupi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daniel Leupi (page does not exist)">Daniel Leupi</a> </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#84B414; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> GPS </td> <td>Finance (<i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Finanzdepartement</i></span></i>, 2013) </td> <td>2010 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karin_Rykart&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karin Rykart (page does not exist)">Karin Rykart</a> </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#84B414; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> GPS </td> <td>Security (<i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Sicherheitsdepartement</i></span></i>, 2018)</td> <td>2018 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andreas_Hauri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andreas Hauri (page does not exist)">Andreas Hauri</a> </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#b4dc00; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> GLP </td> <td>Health and Environment (<i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Gesundheits- und Umweltdepartement</i></span></i>, 2018) </td> <td>2018 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simone_Brander&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simone Brander (page does not exist)">Simone Brander</a> </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#E4002B; color:white;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> SP </td> <td>Civil Engineering and Waste Management (<i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Tiefbau- und Entsorgungsdepartement</i></span></i>, 2022) </td> <td>2022 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andr%C3%A9_Odermatt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="André Odermatt (page does not exist)">André Odermatt</a> </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#E4002B; color:white;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> SP </td> <td>Structural Engineering (<i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Hochbaudepartement</i></span></i>, 2010) </td> <td>2010 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raphael_Golta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raphael Golta (page does not exist)">Raphael Golta</a> </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#E4002B; color:white;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> SP </td> <td>Social Services (<i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Sozialdepartement</i></span></i>, 2014) </td> <td>2014 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Baumer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Baumer (page does not exist)">Michael Baumer</a> </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#0E52A0; color:white;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> FDP </td> <td>Industrial Facilities (<i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Departement der Industriellen Betriebe</i></span></i>, 2018) </td> <td>2018 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Filippo_Leutenegger" title="Filippo Leutenegger">Filippo Leutenegger</a> </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#0E52A0; color:white;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> FDP </td> <td>Education and Sports (<i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Schul- und Sportdepartement</i></span></i>, 2018) </td> <td>2014 </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mayor (<i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Stadtpräsidentin</i></span></i>)</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p>Claudia Cuche-Curti is Town Chronicler (<i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Stadtschreiberin</i></span></i>) since 2012, and Andrea Töndury is Legal Counsel (<i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Rechtskonsulent</i></span></i>) since 2020 for the City Council. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parliament">Parliament</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zurich&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Parliament"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:#009F4F; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 116.04752105169px; border-left-color:#0E52A0"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#0E52A0"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#0E52A0"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:96.619633128171px 25.780738821406px 0 0; border-top-color:#EFDA18"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#EFDA18"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:90.827465484343px 41.837441528976px 0 0; border-top-color:#FF9B00"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#FF9B00"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:75.918043471176px 65.088022519575px 0 0; border-top-color:#b4dc00"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#b4dc00"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:3.0782744425763px 99.952609903175px 0 0; border-top-color:#84B414"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#84B414"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:0; border-width:0 81.360574434872px 100px 0; border-right-color:#E4002B"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;right:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 100px 0;border-color:#E4002B"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:59.135092526365px; border-width:0 0 40.864907473635px 91.26915874035px; border-bottom-color:Red"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <p>Distribution of voter % in the election of 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-stadt-zuerich.ch_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stadt-zuerich.ch-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Red; color:black;"> </span> AL (6.7%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#E4002B; color:white;"> </span> SP (29.17%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#84B414; color:black;"> </span> GPS (14.62%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#b4dc00; color:black;"> </span> GLP (13.23%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FF9B00; color:black;"> </span> Mitte (former CVP) (4.41%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#EFDA18; color:black;"> </span> EVP (2.72%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#0E52A0; color:white;"> </span> FDP (17.83%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#009F4F; color:black;"> </span> SVP (11.33%)</div> </div> </div></div> <p>The Municipal Council (<b><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Gemeinderat</i></span></b>) holds the <a href="/wiki/Legislative_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Legislative power">legislative power</a>. It is made up of 125 members (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Gemeindrat / Gemeinderätin</i></span>), with elections held every four years. The Municipal Council decrees regulations and by-laws that are executed by the City Council and the administration. The sessions of the Municipal Council are held in public. Unlike those of the City Council, the members of the Municipal Council are not politicians by profession but are paid a fee based on their attendance. The legislative body holds its meetings in the <a href="/wiki/Zurich_Town_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Zurich Town Hall">town hall</a> (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Rathaus</i></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Distribution of seats in the Gemeinderat 2022–2026<sup id="cite_ref-stadt-zuerich.ch_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stadt-zuerich.ch-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Social Democratic Party of Switzerland"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#E4002B; color:white;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> SP</a> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#0E52A0; color:white;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/The_Liberals_(Switzerland)" title="The Liberals (Switzerland)">FDP</a> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#84B414; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Green Party of Switzerland">GPS</a> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#b4dc00; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Green_Liberal_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Green Liberal Party of Switzerland">GLP</a> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#009F4F; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Swiss_People%27s_Party" title="Swiss People's Party">SVP</a> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Red; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Alternative_List" title="Alternative List">AL</a> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FF9B00; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/The_Centre_(political_party)" title="The Centre (political party)">Mitte</a> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#EFDA18; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_People%27s_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Evangelical People's Party of Switzerland">EVP</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>37 </td> <td>22 </td> <td>18 </td> <td>17 </td> <td>14 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>3 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_relations">International relations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zurich&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: International relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Twin_towns_and_sister_cities">Twin towns and sister cities</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zurich&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Twin towns and sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Zurich is partnered with two <a href="/wiki/Twin_towns_and_sister_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Twin towns and sister cities">sister cities</a>: <a href="/wiki/Kunming" title="Kunming">Kunming</a> and <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zurich&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Limmat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Limmat.jpg/220px-Limmat.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Limmat.jpg/330px-Limmat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Limmat.jpg/440px-Limmat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Limmat" title="Limmat">Limmat</a> in Zurich</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zurich-lake.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Zurich-lake.JPG/220px-Zurich-lake.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Zurich-lake.JPG/330px-Zurich-lake.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Zurich-lake.JPG/440px-Zurich-lake.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>The city stretches on both sides of the <a href="/wiki/Limmat" title="Limmat">Limmat</a>, which flows out of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Zurich" title="Lake Zurich">Lake Zurich</a>. The Alps can be seen from the city centre, background to the lake.</figcaption></figure> <p>Zurich is situated at 408 m (1,339 ft) <a href="/wiki/Above_mean_sea_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Above mean sea level">above sea level</a> on the lower (northern) end of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Zurich" title="Lake Zurich">Lake Zurich</a> (<i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Zürichsee</i></span></i>) about 30 km (19 mi) north of the <a href="/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">Alps</a>, nestling between the wooded hills on the west and east side. The Old Town stretches on both sides of the <a href="/wiki/Limmat" title="Limmat">Limmat</a>, which flows from the lake, running northwards at first and then gradually turning into a curve to the west. The geographic (and historic) centre of the city is the <a href="/wiki/Lindenhof_hill" title="Lindenhof hill">Lindenhof</a>, a small natural hill on the west bank of the Limmat, about 700 m (2,300 ft) north of where the river issues from Lake Zurich. Today the incorporated city stretches somewhat beyond the natural confines of the hills and includes some districts to the northeast in the <a href="/wiki/Glatt_Valley" title="Glatt Valley">Glatt Valley</a> (<i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Glattal</i></span></i>) and to the north in the <a href="/wiki/Limmat_Valley" title="Limmat Valley">Limmat Valley</a> (<i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Limmattal</i></span></i>). The boundaries of the older city are easy to recognize by the Schanzengraben canal. This artificial watercourse has been used for the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Fortifications_of_Zurich" title="Fortifications of Zurich">third fortress</a> in the 17th and 18th centuries. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Topography">Topography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zurich&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Topography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The municipality of Zurich has an area of 91.88 km<sup>2</sup> (35.48 sq mi), of which 4.1 km<sup>2</sup> (1.6 sq mi) is made up of Lake Zurich. The area includes a section of the northern <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Plateau" title="Swiss Plateau">Swiss Plateau</a>. The banks of the Limmat constitute the densest part of the city. The river is oriented in the southeast–northwest direction, with the flat valley floor having a width of two to three km (1.2 to 1.9 mi). The partially channeled and straightened Limmat does not flow in the central part of the valley, but always along its right (northeastern) side. The <a href="/wiki/Sihl" title="Sihl">Sihl</a> meets with the Limmat at the end of Platzspitz, which borders the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_National_Museum" title="Swiss National Museum">Swiss National Museum</a>. The Limmat reaches the lowest point of the municipality in <a href="/wiki/Oberengstringen" title="Oberengstringen">Oberengstringen</a> at 392 m (1,286 ft) <a href="/wiki/Above_mean_sea_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Above mean sea level">above sea level</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zurich_area_topographic_map-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Zurich_area_topographic_map-en.svg/220px-Zurich_area_topographic_map-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Zurich_area_topographic_map-en.svg/330px-Zurich_area_topographic_map-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Zurich_area_topographic_map-en.svg/440px-Zurich_area_topographic_map-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1610" data-file-height="1360" /></a><figcaption>Topographic map of Zurich and surroundings</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Z%C3%BCrichsee_-_Enge_-_Uetliberg_IMG_2193.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Z%C3%BCrichsee_-_Enge_-_Uetliberg_IMG_2193.JPG/220px-Z%C3%BCrichsee_-_Enge_-_Uetliberg_IMG_2193.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Z%C3%BCrichsee_-_Enge_-_Uetliberg_IMG_2193.JPG/330px-Z%C3%BCrichsee_-_Enge_-_Uetliberg_IMG_2193.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Z%C3%BCrichsee_-_Enge_-_Uetliberg_IMG_2193.JPG/440px-Z%C3%BCrichsee_-_Enge_-_Uetliberg_IMG_2193.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Felsenegg from Lake Zurich</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zurich.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Zurich.JPG/220px-Zurich.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Zurich.JPG/330px-Zurich.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Zurich.JPG/440px-Zurich.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1936" /></a><figcaption>Zurich from Waidberg</figcaption></figure> <p>On its west side, the Limmat valley is flanked by the wooded heights of the <a href="/wiki/Albis" title="Albis">Albis</a> chain, which runs along the western border. The <a href="/wiki/Uetliberg" title="Uetliberg">Uetliberg</a> is, with 869 m (2,851 ft) above sea level, the highest elevation of the surrounding area. Its summit can be reached easily by the <a href="/wiki/Uetlibergbahn" class="mw-redirect" title="Uetlibergbahn">Uetlibergbahn</a>. From the platform of the observation tower on the summit, an impressive panorama of the city, the lake, and the Alps can be seen.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The northeast side of the Limmat valley includes a range of hills, which marks the watershed between the Limmat and the Glatt. From the northwest to the southeast, the height of the mostly wooded knolls generally increases: the Gubrist (615 m or 2,018 ft), the Hönggerberg (541 m or 1,775 ft), the <a href="/wiki/K%C3%A4ferberg" title="Käferberg">Käferberg</a> (571 m or 1,873 ft), the <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrichberg" title="Zürichberg">Zürichberg</a> (676 m or 2,218 ft), the <a href="/wiki/Adlisberg" title="Adlisberg">Adlisberg</a> (701 m or 2,300 ft) and the <a href="/wiki/%C3%96schbrig" title="Öschbrig">Öschbrig</a> (696 m or 2,283 ft). Between the Käferberg and the Zürichberg is located the saddle of the Milchbuck (about 470 m or 1,540 ft), an important passage from the Limmat valley to the Glatt valley.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The northernmost part of the municipality extends to the plain of the Glatt valley and to the saddle which makes the connection between the Glattal and Furttal. Also, a part of the <a href="/wiki/Katzensee" title="Katzensee">Katzensee</a> (nature reserve) and the Büsisee, both of which are drained by the Katzenbach to Glatt, belong to the city.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zurich&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Zurich has an <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_climate" title="Oceanic climate">oceanic climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a>: <i>Cfb</i>), with warm summers and four distinct seasons.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Decisive for the climate of Zurich are both the winds from westerly directions, which often result in precipitation and, on the other hand, the <a href="/wiki/Bise" title="Bise">Bise</a> (east or north-east wind), which is usually associated with high-pressure situations, but cooler weather phases with temperatures lower than the average. The <a href="/wiki/Foehn_wind" title="Foehn wind">Foehn wind</a>, which plays an important role in the northern alpine valleys, also has some impact on Zurich.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The annual mean temperature at the measuring station of the <a href="/wiki/MeteoSwiss" title="MeteoSwiss">Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology</a> in Zurich-Fluntern (556 m[1,824 ft] <a href="/wiki/Above_mean_sea_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Above mean sea level">above sea level</a> on the slope of the Zürichberg, 150 m[490 ft] above the level of the city centre) is 9.3 °C (48.7 °F). The lowest monthly mean of daily minimum temperature are measured in January with −2.0 °C (28.4 °F) and the highest monthly mean of daily maximum temperature are measured in July with 24.0 °C (75.2 °F). On average there are 74.9 days in which the minimum temperature is below 0 °C (32 °F) (so-called <i>frost days</i>), and 23.7 days in which the maximum temperature is below 0 °C (32 °F) (so-called <i>ice days</i>). There are on average 30 so-called <i>summer days</i> (maximum temperature equal to or above 25 °C [77 °F]) throughout the year, while so-called <i>heat days</i> (with maximum temperature equal to or above 30 °C [86 °F]) are 5.8 days.<sup id="cite_ref-ClimatSMA_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ClimatSMA-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The average high temperature in July is 24.0 °C (75.2 °F) and average low temperature is 14 °C (57.2 °F). The highest recorded temperature in Zürich was 37.7 °C (100 °F), recorded in July 1947, and typically the warmest day reaches an average of 32.2 °C (90.0 °F).<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Spring and autumn are generally cool to mild, but sometimes with large differences between warm and cold days even during the same year. The highest temperature of the month March in 2014 was on the 20th at 20.6 °C (69.1 °F) during a sunny afternoon and the lowest temperature was on the 25th at −0.4 °C (31.3 °F) during the night/early morning.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Record low of average daily temperatures in March since 1864 is −12 °C (10 °F) and record high of average daily temperatures in March is 16 °C (61 °F). Record low of average daily temperatures in October is −16 °C (3 °F) and record high of average daily temperatures in October is 20 °C (68 °F).<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Zurich has an average of 1,544 hours of sunshine per year and shines on 38% of its potential time throughout the year. During the months April until September the sun shines between 150 and 215 hours per month. The 1,134 mm (44.6 in) rainfall spread on 133.9 days with precipitation throughout the year. Roughly about every third day you will encounter at least some precipitation, which is very much a Swiss average. During the warmer half of the year and especially during the three summer months, the strength of rainfall is higher than those measured in winter, but the days with precipitation stays about the same throughout the year (in average 9.9–12.7 days per month). October has the lowest number (9.9) of days with some precipitation. There is an average of 59.5 so-called <i>bright days</i> (number of days with sunshine duration greater than 80%) through the year, the most in July and August (7.4, 7.7 days), and the least in January and December (2.7, 1.8 days). The average number of days with sunshine duration less than 20%, so-called <i>cloudy days</i>, is 158.4 days, while the most cloudy days are in November (17.8 days), December (21.7 days), and January with 19 days.<sup id="cite_ref-ClimatSMA_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ClimatSMA-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Zürich (<a href="/wiki/Fluntern" title="Fluntern">Fluntern</a>), elevation: 556 m (1,824 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1901–present </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFA954; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.9<br />(62.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9932; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.3<br />(66.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.2<br />(73.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.3<br />(88.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF3E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.4<br />(90.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF2300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.4<br />(97.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF1A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.7<br />(99.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF2400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.2<br />(97.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF3E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.5<br />(90.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF5800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.7<br />(83.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.8<br />(74.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.0<br />(62.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF1A00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">37.7<br />(99.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.5<br />(38.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFFAF5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.2<br />(41.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7B0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.2<br />(50.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFB871; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.8<br />(58.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9C39; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.8<br />(65.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8308; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.4<br />(72.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.3<br />(75.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.9<br />(75.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9A35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.1<br />(66.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.8<br />(56.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFE9D4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.6<br />(45.7) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.0<br />(39.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFBD7C; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">14.0<br />(57.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.9<br />(33.6) </td> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.8<br />(35.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFF6ED; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.8<br />(42.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.6<br />(49.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFC081; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.6<br />(56.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFA851; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.1<br />(62.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.0<br />(66.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.6<br />(65.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA76; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.4<br />(57.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0<br />(50.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCF9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.9<br />(40.8) </td> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.7<br />(35.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFDAB5; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">9.8<br />(49.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #DFDFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.4<br />(29.5) </td> <td style="background: #E0E0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.2<br />(29.8) </td> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.9<br />(35.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFFAF6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.1<br />(41.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFC0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.0<br />(48.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFC78F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.6<br />(54.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA76; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.4<br />(57.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFBB77; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.3<br />(57.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4A9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.7<br />(51.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.1<br />(44.8) </td> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.5<br />(36.5) </td> <td style="background: #E4E4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.5<br />(31.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFF3E7; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">6.2<br />(43.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #7676FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−20.8<br />(−5.4) </td> <td style="background: #6464FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−24.2<br />(−11.6) </td> <td style="background: #9999FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−14.4<br />(6.1) </td> <td style="background: #C3C3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.5<br />(20.3) </td> <td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.0<br />(28.4) </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.9<br />(33.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFF9F3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.3<br />(41.5) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.0<br />(39.2) </td> <td style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.3<br />(31.5) </td> <td style="background: #C9C9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.5<br />(22.1) </td> <td style="background: #ABABFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−11.0<br />(12.2) </td> <td style="background: #8282FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−18.5<br />(−1.3) </td> <td style="background: #6464FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−24.2<br />(−11.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #A1FFA1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63<br />(2.5) </td> <td style="background: #9CFF9C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60<br />(2.4) </td> <td style="background: #95FF95; color:#000000;" class="notheme">71<br />(2.8) </td> <td style="background: #83FF83; color:#000000;" class="notheme">80<br />(3.1) </td> <td style="background: #40FF40; color:#000000;" class="notheme">128<br />(5.0) </td> <td style="background: #39FF39; color:#000000;" class="notheme">128<br />(5.0) </td> <td style="background: #43FF43; color:#000000;" class="notheme">126<br />(5.0) </td> <td style="background: #4DFF4D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">119<br />(4.7) </td> <td style="background: #79FF79; color:#000000;" class="notheme">87<br />(3.4) </td> <td style="background: #80FF80; color:#000000;" class="notheme">85<br />(3.3) </td> <td style="background: #89FF89; color:#000000;" class="notheme">76<br />(3.0) </td> <td style="background: #83FF83; color:#000000;" class="notheme">83<br />(3.3) </td> <td style="background: #72FF72; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,108<br />(43.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowfall cm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #2E2EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14<br />(5.5) </td> <td style="background: #0000D7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">18<br />(7.1) </td> <td style="background: #6969FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">10<br />(3.9) </td> <td style="background: #E0E0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2<br />(0.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2<br />(0.8) </td> <td style="background: #9393FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7<br />(2.8) </td> <td style="background: #0000E2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">19<br />(7.5) </td> <td style="background: #A3A3FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">72<br />(28) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1.0 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #8282FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.1 </td> <td style="background: #8585FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.0 </td> <td style="background: #7D7DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.5 </td> <td style="background: #7575FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.8 </td> <td style="background: #6666FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.4 </td> <td style="background: #6464FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.1 </td> <td style="background: #6868FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.2 </td> <td style="background: #6D6DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.8 </td> <td style="background: #8080FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.9 </td> <td style="background: #8282FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.1 </td> <td style="background: #7F7FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0 </td> <td style="background: #7171FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.5 </td> <td style="background: #7676FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">130.4 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1.0 cm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #CCCCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.1 </td> <td style="background: #BEBEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.8 </td> <td style="background: #E2E2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.3 </td> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.5 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.4 </td> <td style="background: #C8C8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.4 </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">17.6 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000C0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">83 </td> <td style="background: #0000D7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">77 </td> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71 </td> <td style="background: #0000FD; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">67 </td> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71 </td> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71 </td> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71 </td> <td style="background: #0000E2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74 </td> <td style="background: #0000CF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">79 </td> <td style="background: #0000BC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">84 </td> <td style="background: #0000B8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">85 </td> <td style="background: #0000B8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">85 </td> <td style="background: #0000DB; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">76 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #6D6D6D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">60 </td> <td style="background: #ACAC9D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">89 </td> <td style="background: #C1C11E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">144 </td> <td style="background: #D3D300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">177 </td> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">192 </td> <td style="background: #DADA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">207 </td> <td style="background: #DEDE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">229 </td> <td style="background: #DBDB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">216 </td> <td style="background: #CCCC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">164 </td> <td style="background: #B1B17E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">109 </td> <td style="background: #737373; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">61 </td> <td style="background: #555555; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">47 </td> <td style="background: #C1C11E; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,694 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Percent <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">possible sunshine</a> </th> <td style="background: #D1D100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24 </td> <td style="background: #E3E300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34 </td> <td style="background: #F1F112; color:#000000;" class="notheme">42 </td> <td style="background: #F9F926; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47 </td> <td style="background: #F6F61E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45 </td> <td style="background: #FBFB2A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF3F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF3F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53 </td> <td style="background: #FBFB2A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48 </td> <td style="background: #E5E500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35 </td> <td style="background: #D1D100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24 </td> <td style="background: #C3C311; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20 </td> <td style="background: #F1F112; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">42 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet_index" title="Ultraviolet index">ultraviolet index</a> </th> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">1 </td> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">2 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5 </td> <td style="background: #F18B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7 </td> <td style="background: #E53210; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">8 </td> <td style="background: #E53210; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">8 </td> <td style="background: #F18B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3 </td> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">1 </td> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">1 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">4 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/MeteoSwiss" title="MeteoSwiss">MeteoSwiss</a><sup id="cite_ref-MeteoSwissSMA_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MeteoSwissSMA-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: <a href="/wiki/Royal_Netherlands_Meteorological_Institute" title="Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute">KNMI</a><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Zürich/<a href="/wiki/Kloten" title="Kloten">Kloten</a> (1991–2020 normals, extremes since 1955) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFAA55; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.8<br />(62.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9730; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.5<br />(67.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.1<br />(73.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.6<br />(85.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.0<br />(89.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.0<br />(96.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF2200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.5<br />(97.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF1E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.1<br />(98.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.7<br />(89.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.2<br />(79.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF850B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.2<br />(72.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFA954; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.9<br />(62.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF1E00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">37.1<br />(98.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFCC9A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.8<br />(53.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFBD7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.0<br />(57.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9932; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.3<br />(66.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.9<br />(75.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.6<br />(81.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF4600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.2<br />(88.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF3C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.7<br />(90.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.9<br />(89.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.9<br />(80.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF860D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.0<br />(71.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFAD5C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.3<br />(61.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.0<br />(53.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF3700; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">33.5<br />(92.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.8<br />(38.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFF6EE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.7<br />(42.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.9<br />(51.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFB367; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.5<br />(59.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9730; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.5<br />(67.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.2<br />(73.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.2<br />(77.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.8<br />(76.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF942A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.9<br />(67.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFBB77; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.3<br />(57.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.0<br />(46.4) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.3<br />(39.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFB973; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">14.6<br />(58.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.9<br />(33.6) </td> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.6<br />(34.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFF7EF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.6<br />(42.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.6<br />(49.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.8<br />(56.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.4<br />(63.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9934; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.2<br />(66.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.7<br />(65.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA76; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.4<br />(57.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.9<br />(49.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFFDFC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.7<br />(40.5) </td> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.6<br />(34.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFDAB5; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">9.8<br />(49.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #DADAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.3<br />(27.9) </td> <td style="background: #D8D8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.6<br />(27.3) </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2<br />(32.4) </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.4<br />(38.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFE8D2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.7<br />(45.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFCF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.4<br />(52.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFC387; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.2<br />(55.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.9<br />(55.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFBF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.1<br />(48.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFF7EF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.6<br />(42.1) </td> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.3<br />(34.3) </td> <td style="background: #DFDFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.4<br />(29.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCF9; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">4.9<br />(40.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #B1B1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−9.8<br />(14.4) </td> <td style="background: #B4B4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−9.3<br />(15.3) </td> <td style="background: #C7C7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.8<br />(21.6) </td> <td style="background: #D9D9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.5<br />(27.5) </td> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.0<br />(35.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFF6ED; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.8<br />(42.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFE4C9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.4<br />(47.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFE7D0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.9<br />(46.2) </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.5<br />(38.3) </td> <td style="background: #E2E2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.8<br />(30.6) </td> <td style="background: #C9C9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.5<br />(22.1) </td> <td style="background: #B9B9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.4<br />(16.9) </td> <td style="background: #A3A3FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−12.5<br />(9.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #5F5FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−25.0<br />(−13.0) </td> <td style="background: #6565FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−23.9<br />(−11.0) </td> <td style="background: #8989FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−17.2<br />(1.0) </td> <td style="background: #C5C5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.1<br />(21.0) </td> <td style="background: #CBCBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.0<br />(23.0) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.1<br />(34.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFBF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.0<br />(41.0) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.1<br />(34.0) </td> <td style="background: #E4E4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.5<br />(31.1) </td> <td style="background: #BFBFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.3<br />(18.9) </td> <td style="background: #A5A5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−12.0<br />(10.4) </td> <td style="background: #8989FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−17.2<br />(1.0) </td> <td style="background: #5F5FFF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−25.0<br />(−13.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65<br />(2.6) </td> <td style="background: #A3FFA3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56<br />(2.2) </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65<br />(2.6) </td> <td style="background: #93FF93; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70<br />(2.8) </td> <td style="background: #5BFF5B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">110<br />(4.3) </td> <td style="background: #61FF61; color:#000000;" class="notheme">102<br />(4.0) </td> <td style="background: #52FF52; color:#000000;" class="notheme">116<br />(4.6) </td> <td style="background: #5EFF5E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">108<br />(4.3) </td> <td style="background: #83FF83; color:#000000;" class="notheme">80<br />(3.1) </td> <td style="background: #84FF84; color:#000000;" class="notheme">82<br />(3.2) </td> <td style="background: #8DFF8D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">74<br />(2.9) </td> <td style="background: #87FF87; color:#000000;" class="notheme">80<br />(3.1) </td> <td style="background: #7FFF7F; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,009<br />(39.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowfall cm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #5B5BFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">11<br />(4.3) </td> <td style="background: #4B4BFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">11<br />(4.3) </td> <td style="background: #A5A5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6<br />(2.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1<br />(0.4) </td> <td style="background: #C1C1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4<br />(1.6) </td> <td style="background: #3D3DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13<br />(5.1) </td> <td style="background: #C4C4FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">46<br />(18) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1.0 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #8686FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.8 </td> <td style="background: #8787FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.8 </td> <td style="background: #8888FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.6 </td> <td style="background: #8383FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.7 </td> <td style="background: #7171FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.5 </td> <td style="background: #7171FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.1 </td> <td style="background: #7474FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2 </td> <td style="background: #7272FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.4 </td> <td style="background: #8C8CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.0 </td> <td style="background: #8181FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.2 </td> <td style="background: #8080FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.9 </td> <td style="background: #7878FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.9 </td> <td style="background: #7E7EFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">123.1 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1.0 cm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #D3D3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.5 </td> <td style="background: #CFCFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.5 </td> <td style="background: #EAEAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.7 </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.0 </td> <td style="background: #D7D7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.2 </td> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">13.2 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000C0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">83 </td> <td style="background: #0000CF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">79 </td> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73 </td> <td style="background: #0000F6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69 </td> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71 </td> <td style="background: #0000E2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74 </td> <td style="background: #0000CF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">79 </td> <td style="background: #0000BC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">84 </td> <td style="background: #0000B5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">86 </td> <td style="background: #0000B8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">85 </td> <td style="background: #0000D7; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">77 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #5B5B5B; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">50 </td> <td style="background: #A4A4A4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">82 </td> <td style="background: #BFBF2B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">139 </td> <td style="background: #D3D300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">177 </td> <td style="background: #D6D600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">195 </td> <td style="background: #DDDD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">217 </td> <td style="background: #E0E000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">238 </td> <td style="background: #DCDC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">219 </td> <td style="background: #CACA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">159 </td> <td style="background: #AAAAA7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">94 </td> <td style="background: #5C5C5C; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">49 </td> <td style="background: #454545; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38 </td> <td style="background: #BFBF27; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,657 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Percent <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">possible sunshine</a> </th> <td style="background: #C0C025; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19 </td> <td style="background: #DDDD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30 </td> <td style="background: #EEEE0A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40 </td> <td style="background: #F6F61E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45 </td> <td style="background: #F4F41A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44 </td> <td style="background: #FDFD2E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF3F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF3F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53 </td> <td style="background: #F6F61E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45 </td> <td style="background: #DDDD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30 </td> <td style="background: #C0C025; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19 </td> <td style="background: #BCBC39; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18 </td> <td style="background: #EEEE0A; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">40 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/MeteoSwiss" title="MeteoSwiss">MeteoSwiss</a><sup id="cite_ref-MeteoSwiss_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MeteoSwiss-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: Infoclimat<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:100%; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Zürich (<a href="/wiki/Fluntern" title="Fluntern">Fluntern</a>), elevation: 556 m (1,824 ft), 1961-1990 normals and extremes </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFBB77; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.3<br />(57.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC5A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.4<br />(61.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF8914; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.5<br />(70.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.2<br />(79.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF5100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.7<br />(85.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF4900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.8<br />(87.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF2700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.8<br />(96.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF3F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.3<br />(90.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.3<br />(82.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.7<br />(80.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF8002; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.8<br />(73.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC59; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.5<br />(61.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF2700; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">35.8<br />(96.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFDAB5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.8<br />(49.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.0<br />(51.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFAE5D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.2<br />(61.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8914; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.5<br />(70.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.1<br />(77.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.9<br />(82.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF5000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.8<br />(85.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.9<br />(84.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.7<br />(76.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9123; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.4<br />(68.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFB061; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.9<br />(60.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4A9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.7<br />(51.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF5000; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">29.8<br />(85.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.0<br />(35.6) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.7<br />(38.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFE7D0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.9<br />(46.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFC892; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.4<br />(54.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA55; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.8<br />(62.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.0<br />(68.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8308; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.4<br />(72.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B17; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.3<br />(70.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFA144; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.0<br />(64.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFC78F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.6<br />(54.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFEFDF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.8<br />(44.2) </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.1<br />(37.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFC993; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">12.3<br />(54.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #E3E3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.6<br />(30.9) </td> <td style="background: #EAEAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.7<br />(33.3) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.1<br />(39.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.0<br />(46.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFC994; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.2<br />(54.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFB367; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.5<br />(59.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFA44A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.6<br />(63.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA56; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.7<br />(62.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.9<br />(57.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFBF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.1<br />(48.4) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.0<br />(39.2) </td> <td style="background: #E9E9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.6<br />(33.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFE3C7; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">8.5<br />(47.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #D7D7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.8<br />(27.0) </td> <td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.7<br />(28.9) </td> <td style="background: #EAEAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.7<br />(33.3) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.7<br />(38.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFE9D4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.6<br />(45.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFD3A8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.8<br />(51.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFC790; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.5<br />(54.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.0<br />(53.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFDAB5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.8<br />(49.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFF5EB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.9<br />(42.6) </td> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.6<br />(34.9) </td> <td style="background: #DFDFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.4<br />(29.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCF9; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">4.9<br />(40.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #B0B0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−10.1<br />(13.8) </td> <td style="background: #BBBBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.1<br />(17.4) </td> <td style="background: #C9C9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.5<br />(22.1) </td> <td style="background: #DEDEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.5<br />(29.3) </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.1<br />(35.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFF6EE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.7<br />(42.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFE8D1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.8<br />(46.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFEAD5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.5<br />(45.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.8<br />(40.6) </td> <td style="background: #E8E8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.4<br />(32.7) </td> <td style="background: #CFCFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.3<br />(24.3) </td> <td style="background: #B9B9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.4<br />(16.9) </td> <td style="background: #B0B0FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−10.1<br />(13.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #7676FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−20.8<br />(−5.4) </td> <td style="background: #8D8DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−16.6<br />(2.1) </td> <td style="background: #9797FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−14.6<br />(5.7) </td> <td style="background: #D0D0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.1<br />(24.6) </td> <td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.8<br />(28.8) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.0<br />(33.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFFAF6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.1<br />(41.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFFEFD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.6<br />(40.3) </td> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.3<br />(34.3) </td> <td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.7<br />(28.9) </td> <td style="background: #AFAFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−10.3<br />(13.5) </td> <td style="background: #9797FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−14.7<br />(5.5) </td> <td style="background: #7676FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−20.8<br />(−5.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #98FF98; color:#000000;" class="notheme">69.0<br />(2.72) </td> <td style="background: #8CFF8C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70.0<br />(2.76) </td> <td style="background: #96FF96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70.0<br />(2.76) </td> <td style="background: #75FF75; color:#000000;" class="notheme">89.0<br />(3.50) </td> <td style="background: #62FF62; color:#000000;" class="notheme">105.0<br />(4.13) </td> <td style="background: #3EFF3E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">125.0<br />(4.92) </td> <td style="background: #4FFF4F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">118.0<br />(4.65) </td> <td style="background: #35FF35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">135.0<br />(5.31) </td> <td style="background: #6EFF6E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">94.0<br />(3.70) </td> <td style="background: #98FF98; color:#000000;" class="notheme">69.0<br />(2.72) </td> <td style="background: #80FF80; color:#000000;" class="notheme">82.0<br />(3.23) </td> <td style="background: #8FFF8F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">75.0<br />(2.95) </td> <td style="background: #73FF73; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,101<br />(43.35) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1.0 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #7777FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.0 </td> <td style="background: #7777FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0 </td> <td style="background: #6A6AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.0 </td> <td style="background: #6666FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.0 </td> <td style="background: #5E5EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.0 </td> <td style="background: #5959FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.0 </td> <td style="background: #6A6AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.0 </td> <td style="background: #6A6AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.0 </td> <td style="background: #8C8CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.0 </td> <td style="background: #9C9CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.0 </td> <td style="background: #7272FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.0 </td> <td style="background: #7777FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.0 </td> <td style="background: #7272FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">134 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000B8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">85.0 </td> <td style="background: #0000CB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">80.0 </td> <td style="background: #0000DF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">75.0 </td> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72.0 </td> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73.0 </td> <td style="background: #0000E2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74.0 </td> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73.0 </td> <td style="background: #0000D7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">77.0 </td> <td style="background: #0000C8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">81.0 </td> <td style="background: #0000BC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">84.0 </td> <td style="background: #0000BC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">84.0 </td> <td style="background: #0000B8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">85.0 </td> <td style="background: #0000D1; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">78.6 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #4D4D4D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">42.4 </td> <td style="background: #989898; color:#000000;" class="notheme">76.2 </td> <td style="background: #B5B565; color:#000000;" class="notheme">118.0 </td> <td style="background: #C1C11D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">139.5 </td> <td style="background: #CBCB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">166.1 </td> <td style="background: #D3D300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">178.3 </td> <td style="background: #DADA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">210.7 </td> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">191.9 </td> <td style="background: #CACA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">158.1 </td> <td style="background: #AFAF8A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">104.6 </td> <td style="background: #6D6D6D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">58.2 </td> <td style="background: #454545; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.0 </td> <td style="background: #B8B850; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,482 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">NOAA</a><sup id="cite_ref-noaa_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-noaa-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Climate_change">Climate change</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zurich&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Climate change"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The climate in Zurich is becoming not only warmer but also wetter, with reduced sunlight. A comparison between the periods 1940-1950 and 2013-2024 reveals significant changes. For example, in July, temperatures have increased by 1.77°C, while December has seen a rise of 3.41°C. Precipitation in October has increased by 1.45 mm. In contrast, snowfall in February has decreased by 0.16 mm, and in March, there has been a reduction in sunshine duration by 0.56 hours. <sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Climate_protection">Climate protection</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zurich&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Climate protection"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In November 2008<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the people of Zurich voted in a public <a href="/wiki/Referendum" title="Referendum">referendum</a> to write into law the quantifiable and fixed deadline of <a href="/wiki/2000-watt_society" title="2000-watt society">one tonne of CO<sub>2</sub> per person per annum by 2050</a>. This forces any decision of the executive to support this goal, even if the costs are higher in all dimensions. Some examples are the new disinfection section of the public city hospital in Triemli (<a href="/wiki/Minergie" title="Minergie">Minergie-P</a> quality – <a href="/wiki/Passive_house" title="Passive house">passive house</a>),<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (March 2010)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> the continued optimisation and creation of public transportation, enlargement of the bicycle-only network, research and projects for <a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy" title="Renewable energy">renewable energy</a> and enclosure of speed-ways.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (March 2010)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Urban_area">Urban area</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zurich&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Urban area"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The areas surrounding the Limmat are almost completely developed with residential, industrial, and commercial zones. The sunny and desirable residential areas in the hills overlooking Zurich, Waidberg and Zürichberg, and the bottom part of the slope on the western side of the valley on the Uetliberg, are also densely built. </p><p>The "green lungs" of the city include the vast forest areas of Adlisberg, Zürichberg, Käferberg, Hönggerberg and Uetliberg. Major parks are also located along the lakeshore (Zürichhorn and Enge), while smaller parks dot the city. Larger contiguous agricultural lands are located near <a href="/wiki/Affoltern_am_Albis" title="Affoltern am Albis">Affoltern</a> and <a href="/wiki/Seebach_(Z%C3%BCrich)" title="Seebach (Zürich)">Seebach</a>. Of the total area of the municipality of Zurich (in 1996, without the lake), 45.4% is residential, industrial and commercial, 15.5% is transportation infrastructure, 26.5% is forest, 11%: is agriculture and 1.2% is water. </p> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:908px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Z%C3%BCrich_Panorama_vom_Uetliberg.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="View over Zürich and Lake Zurich from the Uetliberg"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Z%C3%BCrich_Panorama_vom_Uetliberg.jpg/900px-Z%C3%BCrich_Panorama_vom_Uetliberg.jpg" decoding="async" width="900" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Z%C3%BCrich_Panorama_vom_Uetliberg.jpg/1350px-Z%C3%BCrich_Panorama_vom_Uetliberg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Z%C3%BCrich_Panorama_vom_Uetliberg.jpg/1800px-Z%C3%BCrich_Panorama_vom_Uetliberg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="9380" data-file-height="2067" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Z%C3%BCrich_Panorama_vom_Uetliberg.jpg" title="File:Zürich Panorama vom Uetliberg.jpg"> </a></div>View over Zürich and Lake Zurich from the <a href="/wiki/Uetliberg" title="Uetliberg">Uetliberg</a></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zurich&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Verkehrsbetriebe_Z%C3%BCrich" title="Verkehrsbetriebe Zürich">Verkehrsbetriebe Zürich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Trams in Zürich">Trams in Zürich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trolleybuses_in_Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Trolleybuses in Zürich">Trolleybuses in Zürich</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich_S-Bahn" class="mw-redirect" title="Zürich S-Bahn">Zürich S-Bahn</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich_model" class="mw-redirect" title="Zürich model">Zürich model</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_transport">Public transport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zurich&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Public transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ZSG_-_Stadt_Z%C3%BCrich_IMG_3197.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/ZSG_-_Stadt_Z%C3%BCrich_IMG_3197.JPG/220px-ZSG_-_Stadt_Z%C3%BCrich_IMG_3197.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/ZSG_-_Stadt_Z%C3%BCrich_IMG_3197.JPG/330px-ZSG_-_Stadt_Z%C3%BCrich_IMG_3197.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/ZSG_-_Stadt_Z%C3%BCrich_IMG_3197.JPG/440px-ZSG_-_Stadt_Z%C3%BCrich_IMG_3197.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>A paddle steamer on Lake Zurich</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zuerich_Hauptbahnhof-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Zuerich_Hauptbahnhof-2.jpg/220px-Zuerich_Hauptbahnhof-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Zuerich_Hauptbahnhof-2.jpg/330px-Zuerich_Hauptbahnhof-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Zuerich_Hauptbahnhof-2.jpg/440px-Zuerich_Hauptbahnhof-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1333" /></a><figcaption>Zurich central station from the outside</figcaption></figure> <p>Public transport is extremely popular in Zurich, and its inhabitants use public transport in large numbers. About 70% of the visitors to the city use the tram or bus, and about half of the journeys within the municipality take place on public transport.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/ZVV" class="mw-redirect" title="ZVV">ZVV</a> network of public transport contains at least four means of mass-transit: any train that stops within the network's borders, in particular the <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich_S-Bahn" class="mw-redirect" title="Zürich S-Bahn">S-Bahn</a> (local trains), <a href="/wiki/Zurich_trams" class="mw-redirect" title="Zurich trams">Zurich trams</a>, and buses (both diesel and electric, also called <a href="/wiki/Trolleybus" title="Trolleybus">trolley buses</a>) and boats on the lake and river. In addition, the public transport network includes funicular railways and even the <a href="/wiki/Luftseilbahn_Adliswil-Felsenegg" class="mw-redirect" title="Luftseilbahn Adliswil-Felsenegg">Luftseilbahn Adliswil-Felsenegg</a> (LAF), a <a href="/wiki/Aerial_lift" title="Aerial lift">cable car</a> between <a href="/wiki/Adliswil" title="Adliswil">Adliswil</a> and <a href="/wiki/Felsenegg" title="Felsenegg">Felsenegg</a>. Tickets purchased for a trip are valid on all means of public transportation (train, tram, bus, boat). The <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrichsee-Schifffahrtsgesellschaft" class="mw-redirect" title="Zürichsee-Schifffahrtsgesellschaft">Zürichsee-Schifffahrtsgesellschaft</a> (commonly abbreviated to ZSG) operates passenger vessels on the Limmat and the Lake Zurich, connecting surrounding towns between Zurich and <a href="/wiki/Rapperswil" title="Rapperswil">Rapperswil</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bahnhofshalle_Zuerich-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Bahnhofshalle_Zuerich-2.jpg/220px-Bahnhofshalle_Zuerich-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Bahnhofshalle_Zuerich-2.jpg/330px-Bahnhofshalle_Zuerich-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Bahnhofshalle_Zuerich-2.jpg/440px-Bahnhofshalle_Zuerich-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="667" /></a><figcaption>The busy Hauptbahnhof main hall</figcaption></figure> <p>Zurich is a mixed hub for railways, roads, and air traffic. <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich_Hauptbahnhof" title="Zürich Hauptbahnhof">Zürich Hauptbahnhof</a> (<i>Zürich HB</i>) is the largest and busiest station in Switzerland and is an important railway hub in Europe. As of early 2020, Zürich HB served around 470,000 passengers and nearly 3,000 trains every day.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among the 16 railway stations (and 10 additional train stops) within Zurich's city borders, there are five other major passenger railway stations. Three of them belong to the ten most frequented railway stations in Switzerland: <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich_Stadelhofen_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Zürich Stadelhofen railway station">Stadelhofen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich_Oerlikon_railway_station" title="Zürich Oerlikon railway station">Oerlikon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich_Altstetten_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Zürich Altstetten railway station">Altstetten</a>, <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich_Hardbr%C3%BCcke_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Zürich Hardbrücke railway station">Hardbrücke</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich_Enge_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Zürich Enge railway station">Enge</a>. The railway network is mainly operated by the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Federal_Railways" title="Swiss Federal Railways">Swiss Federal Railways (SBB CFF FFS)</a>, but Zurich is also served by major <a href="/wiki/EuroCity" title="EuroCity">EuroCity</a> trains from the neighbouring countries and is a destination for both French/Swiss (<a href="/wiki/TGV_Lyria" title="TGV Lyria">TGV Lyria</a>) and German (<a href="/wiki/Intercity-Express" class="mw-redirect" title="Intercity-Express">ICE</a>) high-speed trains, as well as by Austrian <a href="/wiki/%C3%96BB" class="mw-redirect" title="ÖBB">RailJet</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zurich_after_departure_from_airport.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Zurich_after_departure_from_airport.jpg/220px-Zurich_after_departure_from_airport.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Zurich_after_departure_from_airport.jpg/330px-Zurich_after_departure_from_airport.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Zurich_after_departure_from_airport.jpg/440px-Zurich_after_departure_from_airport.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2973" data-file-height="2945" /></a><figcaption>Zurich from above shortly after departure from airport</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zurich_Airport">Zurich Airport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zurich&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Zurich Airport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Zurich_Airport" title="Zurich Airport">Zurich Airport</a> is located less than 10 km (6.2 mi) northeast of the city in <a href="/wiki/Kloten" title="Kloten">Kloten</a>. Zurich Airport has its own railway station, which is located underground. It is directly connected to Zurich and most of the major Swiss cities. Zurich Airport is served by more than 60 passenger airlines from around the world. It is also served by one cargo airline and is a hub for <a href="/wiki/Swiss_International_Air_Lines" title="Swiss International Air Lines">Swiss International Air Lines</a>. There is also an airfield in <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCbendorf" title="Dübendorf">Dübendorf</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Road_traffic">Road traffic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zurich&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Road traffic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/A1_(Switzerland)" class="mw-redirect" title="A1 (Switzerland)">A1</a>, <a href="/wiki/A3_motorway_(Switzerland)" title="A3 motorway (Switzerland)">A3</a> and <a href="/wiki/A4_(Switzerland)" class="mw-redirect" title="A4 (Switzerland)">A4</a> motorways pass close to Zurich. The A1 heads west towards <a href="/wiki/Bern" title="Bern">Bern</a> and <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a> and eastwards towards <a href="/wiki/St._Gallen" title="St. Gallen">St. Gallen</a>; the A4 leads northwards to <a href="/wiki/Schaffhausen" title="Schaffhausen">Schaffhausen</a> and southwards to <a href="/wiki/Altdorf,_Uri" title="Altdorf, Uri">Altdorf</a> connecting with the <a href="/wiki/A2_(Switzerland)" class="mw-redirect" title="A2 (Switzerland)">A2</a> towards <a href="/wiki/Chiasso" title="Chiasso">Chiasso</a>; and the A3 heads northwest towards <a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel</a> and southeast along Lake Zurich and <a href="/wiki/Lake_Walen" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake Walen">Lake Walen</a> towards <a href="/wiki/Sargans" title="Sargans">Sargans</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bicycle_transport">Bicycle transport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zurich&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Bicycle transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2012, the city council launched a program to improve the city's attractiveness for bicycle traffic. The so-called "Masterplan Velo"<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is part of the superordinate framework <i>Stadtverkehr 2025</i> which shapes the future of the different means of transport. Research revealed that infrastructure and the social environment are essential factors in improving a city's appeal to bicycle traffic.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Three main goals are specified: First, the <a href="/wiki/Modal_share" title="Modal share">modal share</a> of bicycle traffic should be enhanced to twice the value of 2011 by 2015. Second, cyclists' safety should be improved to lower the overall accident risk. Third, cycling should be established as an everyday means of transport with a special focus on children and young people. </p><p>In terms of infrastructure, the city aims to build up a network of distinctive bicycle routes in order to achieve these objectives. At a final stage, the network will consist of main routes (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Hauptrouten</i></span>) for everyday use and comfort routes (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Komfortrouten</i></span>), with the latter focusing on leisure cycling. Additional measures such as special <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Velostationen</i></span> providing bike-related services are expected to help to further improve the quality. One of the key projects of the system is a tunnel beneath the tracks of the <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich_Hauptbahnhof" title="Zürich Hauptbahnhof">main railway station</a> planned to combine a main connection with staffed possibilities where commuters can leave their bikes throughout the day.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Apart from infrastructural measures, further approaches are planned in the fields of communication, education and administration. </p><p>However, these efforts cause critique, mainly due to postponing. The institution of the bike tunnel at the main railway station, originally planned for 2016, was delayed to at least 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pro Velo, a nationwide interest group, has publicly questioned whether the masterplan already failed.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The critique aims at badly governed traffic management at construction sites, missing possibilities to park bikes in the city as well as rather diffident ambitions. In response, the responsible city department points to the big investments made every year and mentions ongoing discussions that would finally lead to even better results.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zurich&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Z%C3%BCrich_population_pyramid.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Z%C3%BCrich_population_pyramid.svg/220px-Z%C3%BCrich_population_pyramid.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Z%C3%BCrich_population_pyramid.svg/330px-Z%C3%BCrich_population_pyramid.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Z%C3%BCrich_population_pyramid.svg/440px-Z%C3%BCrich_population_pyramid.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2624" data-file-height="2104" /></a><figcaption>Zurich population pyramid in 2021</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Population">Population</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zurich&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Z%C3%BCrich_-_Augustinergasse_IMG_2046.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Z%C3%BCrich_-_Augustinergasse_IMG_2046.JPG/220px-Z%C3%BCrich_-_Augustinergasse_IMG_2046.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Z%C3%BCrich_-_Augustinergasse_IMG_2046.JPG/330px-Z%C3%BCrich_-_Augustinergasse_IMG_2046.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Z%C3%BCrich_-_Augustinergasse_IMG_2046.JPG/440px-Z%C3%BCrich_-_Augustinergasse_IMG_2046.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3111" data-file-height="2336" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Augustinergasse" title="Augustinergasse">Augustinergasse</a> in the old town</figcaption></figure> <p>There are 421,878 people living in Zurich (as of 31 December 2020),<sup id="cite_ref-Stat2020_ZH_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stat2020_ZH-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> making it Switzerland's largest city. Of registered inhabitants (in 2016), 32% (133,473) do not hold <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Swiss</a> citizenship.<sup id="cite_ref-ZurStat_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZurStat-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of these, German citizens make up the largest group with 8% (33,548), followed by <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italians</a> 3.5% (14,543).<sup id="cite_ref-ZurStat_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZurStat-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2011, the population of the city, including suburbs, totaled 1.17 million people.<sup id="cite_ref-ZHinZahlen_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZHinZahlen-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The entire metropolitan area (including the cities of <a href="/wiki/Winterthur" title="Winterthur">Winterthur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baden,_Switzerland" title="Baden, Switzerland">Baden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brugg" title="Brugg">Brugg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Schaffhausen" title="Schaffhausen">Schaffhausen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frauenfeld" title="Frauenfeld">Frauenfeld</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uster" title="Uster">Uster</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wetzikon" title="Wetzikon">Wetzikon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rapperswil-Jona" title="Rapperswil-Jona">Rapperswil-Jona</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Zug" title="Zug">Zug</a>) had a population of around 1.82 million people.<sup id="cite_ref-ZHinZahlen_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZHinZahlen-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable floatright"> <caption>Largest groups of foreign residents 2016<sup id="cite_ref-ZurStat_68-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZurStat-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Nationality</th> <th>Number</th> <th>% total<br />(foreigners) </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></td> <td>33,548</td> <td>8.1% (25.1%) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></td> <td>14,543</td> <td>3.5% (10.9%) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></td> <td>8,274</td> <td>2.0% (6.2%) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></td> <td>6,207</td> <td>1.5% (4.7%) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></td> <td>4,809</td> <td>1.2% (3.6%) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></td> <td>4,244</td> <td>1.0% (3.2%) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a></td> <td>3,597</td> <td>0.9% (2.7%) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></td> <td>3,483</td> <td>0.8% (2.6%) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></td> <td>3,402</td> <td>0.8% (2.5%) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/21px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/32px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/42px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a></td> <td>2,437</td> <td>0.6% (1.8%) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td> <td>2,126</td> <td>0.5% (1.8%) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Languages">Languages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zurich&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The official formal language used by governmental institutions, print, news, schools and universities, courts, theatres and in any kind of written form is the Swiss variety of Standard <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Standard_German" title="Swiss Standard German">German</a>, while the spoken language is <a href="/wiki/Zurich_German" title="Zurich German">Zurich German</a> (<i>Züritüütsch</i>), one of the several more or less distinguishable, but mutually intelligible <a href="/wiki/Swiss_German" title="Swiss German">Swiss German</a> dialects of Switzerland with roots in the medieval <a href="/wiki/Alemannic_German" title="Alemannic German">Alemannic German</a> dialect groups. However, because of Zürich's national importance, and therefore its existing high fluctuation,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (October 2021)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> its inhabitants and commuters speak all kinds of Swiss German dialects. As of the December 2010 census, 69.3% of the population speaks <a href="/wiki/Diglossia" title="Diglossia">diglossic</a> <a href="/wiki/Swiss_German" title="Swiss German">Swiss German</a>/<a href="/wiki/Swiss_Standard_German" title="Swiss Standard German">Swiss Standard German</a> as their mother-tongue at home. Some 22.7% of inhabitants speak <a href="/wiki/Standard_German" title="Standard German">Standard German</a> in their family environment ("at home"). Dramatically increasing, according to the last census in 2000, 8.8% now speak English. Italian follows behind at 7.1% of the population, then French at 4.5%. Other languages spoken here include: Bosnian (4.1%), Spanish (3.9%), Portuguese (3.1%), and Albanian (2.3%). (Multiple choices were possible.) Thus, 20% of the population speak two or more languages at home.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zurich&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Reformation_in_Z%C3%BCrich" title="Reformation in Zürich">Reformation in Zürich</a></div> <div class="notheme barbox tleft" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:300px; background: white; color: black;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#AAF"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Religion in Zurich – 2010<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;"><b>Religion</b></td> <td style="padding:0 4px; text-align:right;"><b>Nationality</b></td> <td style="width:100px; text-align:left;"></td> <td style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;"></td> <td style="padding:0 4px; text-align:right;"><b>Total-Pop.</b></td> </tr> <tr style="line-height:100%"> <td rowspan="2" style="padding:0 0.4em"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism">Roman Catholic</a></td> <td style="padding:0 0.4em;vertical-align:bottom" align="right"><small>Swiss</small></td> <td style="width:100px;border-left:solid 1px silver;border-right:solid 1px silver;vertical-align:bottom"> <div style="height:8px;width:28%;padding:0;margin:0;background:Gray;color:Gray;overflow:hidden;font-size:4px;">  </div> </td> <td style="padding:0 0.4em;vertical-align:bottom" align="right"><small>28%</small></td> <td rowspan="2" style="width:3em;padding:0 0.4em" align="center"><b>30%</b></td> </tr> <tr style="line-height:100%"> <td style="padding:0 0.4em" align="right"><small>Other</small></td> <td style="width:100px;border-left:solid 1px silver;border-right:solid 1px silver;"> <div style="height:8px;width:35%;padding:0;margin:1px 0 4px; background:Silver;color:Gray;overflow:hidden;font-size:4px;vertical-align:top">  </div> </td> <td style="padding:0 0.4em" align="right"><small>35%</small></td> </tr> <tr style="line-height:100%"> <td rowspan="2" style="padding:0 0.4em">Unaffiliated</td> <td style="padding:0 0.4em;vertical-align:bottom" align="right"><small>Swiss</small></td> <td style="width:100px;border-left:solid 1px silver;border-right:solid 1px silver;vertical-align:bottom"> <div style="height:8px;width:25%;padding:0;margin:0;background:Gray;color:Gray;overflow:hidden;font-size:4px;">  </div> </td> <td style="padding:0 0.4em;vertical-align:bottom" align="right"><small>25%</small></td> <td rowspan="2" style="width:3em;padding:0 0.4em" align="center"><b>27%</b></td> </tr> <tr style="line-height:100%"> <td style="padding:0 0.4em" align="right"><small>Other</small></td> <td style="width:100px;border-left:solid 1px silver;border-right:solid 1px silver;"> <div style="height:8px;width:31%;padding:0;margin:1px 0 4px; background:Silver;color:Gray;overflow:hidden;font-size:4px;vertical-align:top">  </div> </td> <td style="padding:0 0.4em" align="right"><small>31%</small></td> </tr> <tr style="line-height:100%"> <td rowspan="2" style="padding:0 0.4em"><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Reformed" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss Reformed">Swiss Reformed</a></td> <td style="padding:0 0.4em;vertical-align:bottom" align="right"><small>Swiss</small></td> <td style="width:100px;border-left:solid 1px silver;border-right:solid 1px silver;vertical-align:bottom"> <div style="height:8px;width:33%;padding:0;margin:0;background:Gray;color:Gray;overflow:hidden;font-size:4px;">  </div> </td> <td style="padding:0 0.4em;vertical-align:bottom" align="right"><small>33%</small></td> <td rowspan="2" style="width:3em;padding:0 0.4em" align="center"><b>26%</b></td> </tr> <tr style="line-height:100%"> <td style="padding:0 0.4em" align="right"><small>Other</small></td> <td style="width:100px;border-left:solid 1px silver;border-right:solid 1px silver;"> <div style="height:8px;width:9%;padding:0;margin:1px 0 4px; background:Silver;color:Gray;overflow:hidden;font-size:4px;vertical-align:top">  </div> </td> <td style="padding:0 0.4em" align="right"><small>9%</small></td> </tr> <tr style="line-height:100%"> <td rowspan="2" style="padding:0 0.4em">Other Christians</td> <td style="padding:0 0.4em;vertical-align:bottom" align="right"><small>Swiss</small></td> <td style="width:100px;border-left:solid 1px silver;border-right:solid 1px silver;vertical-align:bottom"> <div style="height:8px;width:6%;padding:0;margin:0;background:Gray;color:Gray;overflow:hidden;font-size:4px;">  </div> </td> <td style="padding:0 0.4em;vertical-align:bottom" align="right"><small>6%</small></td> <td rowspan="2" style="width:3em;padding:0 0.4em" align="center"><b>7%</b></td> </tr> <tr style="line-height:100%"> <td style="padding:0 0.4em" align="right"><small>Other</small></td> <td style="width:100px;border-left:solid 1px silver;border-right:solid 1px silver;"> <div style="height:8px;width:9%;padding:0;margin:1px 0 4px; background:Silver;color:Gray;overflow:hidden;font-size:4px;vertical-align:top">  </div> </td> <td style="padding:0 0.4em" align="right"><small>9%</small></td> </tr> <tr style="line-height:100%"> <td rowspan="2" style="padding:0 0.4em"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></td> <td style="padding:0 0.4em;vertical-align:bottom" align="right"><small>Swiss</small></td> <td style="width:100px;border-left:solid 1px silver;border-right:solid 1px silver;vertical-align:bottom"> <div style="height:8px;width:3%;padding:0;margin:0;background:Gray;color:Gray;overflow:hidden;font-size:4px;">  </div> </td> <td style="padding:0 0.4em;vertical-align:bottom" align="right"><small>3%</small></td> <td rowspan="2" style="width:3em;padding:0 0.4em" align="center"><b>5%</b></td> </tr> <tr style="line-height:100%"> <td style="padding:0 0.4em" align="right"><small>Other</small></td> <td style="width:100px;border-left:solid 1px silver;border-right:solid 1px silver;"> <div style="height:8px;width:9%;padding:0;margin:1px 0 4px; background:Silver;color:Gray;overflow:hidden;font-size:4px;vertical-align:top">  </div> </td> <td style="padding:0 0.4em" align="right"><small>9%</small></td> </tr> <tr style="line-height:100%"> <td rowspan="2" style="padding:0 0.4em">Other Religion</td> <td style="padding:0 0.4em;vertical-align:bottom" align="right"><small>Swiss</small></td> <td style="width:100px;border-left:solid 1px silver;border-right:solid 1px silver;vertical-align:bottom"> <div style="height:8px;width:2%;padding:0;margin:0;background:Gray;color:Gray;overflow:hidden;font-size:4px;">  </div> </td> <td style="padding:0 0.4em;vertical-align:bottom" align="right"><small>2%</small></td> <td rowspan="2" style="width:3em;padding:0 0.4em" align="center"><b>2%</b></td> </tr> <tr style="line-height:100%"> <td style="padding:0 0.4em" align="right"><small>Other</small></td> <td style="width:100px;border-left:solid 1px silver;border-right:solid 1px silver;"> <div style="height:8px;width:4%;padding:0;margin:1px 0 4px; background:Silver;color:Gray;overflow:hidden;font-size:4px;vertical-align:top">  </div> </td> <td style="padding:0 0.4em" align="right"><small>4%</small></td> </tr> <tr style="line-height:100%"> <td rowspan="2" style="padding:0 0.4em">No answer</td> <td style="padding:0 0.4em;vertical-align:bottom" align="right"><small>Swiss</small></td> <td style="width:100px;border-left:solid 1px silver;border-right:solid 1px silver;vertical-align:bottom"> <div style="height:8px;width:2%;padding:0;margin:0;background:Gray;color:Gray;overflow:hidden;font-size:4px;">  </div> </td> <td style="padding:0 0.4em;vertical-align:bottom" align="right"><small>2%</small></td> <td rowspan="2" style="width:3em;padding:0 0.4em" align="center"><b>2%</b></td> </tr> <tr style="line-height:100%"> <td style="padding:0 0.4em" align="right"><small>Other</small></td> <td style="width:100px;border-left:solid 1px silver;border-right:solid 1px silver;"> <div style="height:8px;width:2%;padding:0;margin:1px 0 4px; background:Silver;color:Gray;overflow:hidden;font-size:4px;vertical-align:top">  </div> </td> <td style="padding:0 0.4em" align="right"><small>2%</small></td> </tr> <tr style="line-height:100%"> <td rowspan="2" style="padding:0 0.4em"><a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Jewish</a></td> <td style="padding:0 0.4em;vertical-align:bottom" align="right"><small>Swiss</small></td> <td style="width:100px;border-left:solid 1px silver;border-right:solid 1px silver;vertical-align:bottom"> <div style="height:8px;width:1%;padding:0;margin:0;background:Gray;color:Gray;overflow:hidden;font-size:4px;">  </div> </td> <td style="padding:0 0.4em;vertical-align:bottom" align="right"><small>1%</small></td> <td rowspan="2" style="width:3em;padding:0 0.4em" align="center"><b>1%</b></td> </tr> <tr style="line-height:100%"> <td style="padding:0 0.4em" align="right"><small>Other</small></td> <td style="width:100px;border-left:solid 1px silver;border-right:solid 1px silver;"> <div style="height:8px;width:1%;padding:0;margin:1px 0 4px; background:Silver;color:Gray;overflow:hidden;font-size:4px;vertical-align:top">  </div> </td> <td style="padding:0 0.4em" align="right"><small>1%</small></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> <p>Before the <a href="/wiki/Protestant_Reformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a> reached Zurich, it was <i>de jure</i> and <i>de facto</i> <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Protestant_Reformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/Huldrych_Zwingli" title="Huldrych Zwingli">Huldrych Zwingli</a>, made Zurich both a theological centre and a stronghold of <a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_Switzerland" title="Protestantism in Switzerland">Protestantism in Switzerland</a>. Another Swiss city with a comparable status was <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a>, the so-called <i>Protestant Rome</i>, where <a href="/wiki/John_Calvin" title="John Calvin">John Calvin</a> and his <a href="/wiki/Protestant_Reformers" title="Protestant Reformers">Protestant Reformers</a> operated, as well as <a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel</a>. Zurich attracted other influential <a href="/wiki/Protestant_Reformers" title="Protestant Reformers">Protestant Reformers</a> like <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Bullinger" title="Heinrich Bullinger">Heinrich Bullinger</a>. Zwingli translated the Bible (<a href="/wiki/Zurich_Bible" title="Zurich Bible">Zurich Bible</a>) into the local variety of German, and introduced the Reformation by winning support of the magistrates, the princess abbess <a href="/wiki/Katharina_von_Zimmern" title="Katharina von Zimmern">Katharina von Zimmern</a>, and the largely peasant population of the <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Zurich" title="Canton of Zurich">Canton of Zurich</a>. The canton unanimously adopted the <a href="/wiki/Calvinism" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinism">Reformed tradition</a>, as represented by Zwingli. Religious wars between Catholics and Protestants tormented the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Confederacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss Confederacy">Swiss Confederacy</a>. Zwingli died for political and religious reasons by defending the Canton of Zurich in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kappel" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Kappel">Battle of Kappel</a>. Bullinger took over his role as the city's spiritual leader. </p><p>In 1970, about 53% of the population were <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Reformed_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss Reformed Church">Swiss Reformed</a>, while almost 40% were Roman Catholic. Since then, both large Swiss churches, the Roman Catholic Church and Swiss Reformed Church, have been constantly losing members, though for the Catholic Church, the decrease started 20 years later, in around 1990. Nevertheless, for the last twenty years, both confessions have been reduced by 10%, to the current figures (census 2010): 30% Roman Catholic, and 26% Swiss Reformed (organized in <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Reformed_Church_of_the_Canton_of_Zurich" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelical Reformed Church of the Canton of Zurich">Evangelical Reformed Church of the Canton of Zurich</a>). In 1970, only 2% of Zurich's inhabitants claimed to be not affiliated with any religious confession. In accordance with the loss by the large Swiss churches, the number of people declaring themselves as non-affiliated rose to 17% in the year 2000. In the last ten years, this figure rose to more than 25%. For the group of people, being between 24 and 44 years old, this is as high as one in every third person.<sup id="cite_ref-Etablierte_Kirchen_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Etablierte_Kirchen-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>5% of Zurich's inhabitants are <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a>, a slight decrease of 1%, compared to the year 2000. The <a href="/wiki/Mahmood_Mosque_(Zurich)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahmood Mosque (Zurich)">Mahmood Mosque Zurich</a>, situated in Forchstrasse, is the first mosque built in Switzerland.<sup id="cite_ref-Etablierte_Kirchen_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Etablierte_Kirchen-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The population of Jewish ethnicity and religion has been more or less constant since 1970, at about 1%. The <a href="/wiki/Synagoge_Z%C3%BCrich_L%C3%B6wenstrasse" title="Synagoge Zürich Löwenstrasse">Synagoge Zürich Löwenstrasse</a> is the oldest and largest synagogue of Zurich.<sup id="cite_ref-Etablierte_Kirchen_71-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Etablierte_Kirchen-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-icz-synagogue_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-icz-synagogue-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Social">Social</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zurich&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Social"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The level of unemployment in Zurich was 3.2%<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in July 2012. In 2008, the average monthly income was about CHF 7000 before any deductions for social insurances and taxes.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2010, there were 12,994 cases (on average per month) of direct or indirect <a href="/wiki/Social_welfare_provision" class="mw-redirect" title="Social welfare provision">welfare payments</a> from the state.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Quality_of_living">Quality of living</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zurich&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Quality of living"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Zurich often performs very well in <a href="/wiki/Most_livable_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Most livable cities">international rankings</a>, some of which are mentioned below: </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Monocle_(2007_magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Monocle (2007 magazine)">Monocle's</a></i> 2012 "Quality of Life Survey" ranked Zurich first on a list of the top 25 cities in the world "to make a base within".<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2019 Zurich was ranked among the ten most liveable cities in the world by <a href="/wiki/Mercer_(consulting_firm)" title="Mercer (consulting firm)">Mercer</a> together with <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a> and <a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In <i><a href="/wiki/FDi_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="FDi Magazine">fDi Magazine</a></i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s "Global Cities of the Future 2021/22" report, Zurich placed 16th in the overall rankings (all categories).<sup id="cite_ref-fDi-article21_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fDi-article21-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fDi-digimag-32_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fDi-digimag-32-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the category "Mid-sized and small cities", Zurich was 2nd overall, behind <a href="/wiki/Wroc%C5%82aw" title="Wrocław">Wrocław</a>, having also placed 2nd in the subcategory "Human capital and lifestyle" and 3rd under "Business friendliness". In the category "FDI strategy, overall" (relating to foreign direct investment), Zurich ranked 9th, behind such cities as New York, Montreal (1st and 2nd) and Dubai (at number 8).<sup id="cite_ref-fDi-digimag-32_80-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fDi-digimag-32-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Main_sites">Main sites</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zurich&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Main sites"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich_old_town" class="mw-redirect" title="Zürich old town">Zürich old town</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bahnhofstrasse_Grieder.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Bahnhofstrasse_Grieder.jpg/220px-Bahnhofstrasse_Grieder.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Bahnhofstrasse_Grieder.jpg/330px-Bahnhofstrasse_Grieder.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Bahnhofstrasse_Grieder.jpg/440px-Bahnhofstrasse_Grieder.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1125" /></a><figcaption>Bahnhofstrasse, looking north from <a href="/wiki/Paradeplatz" title="Paradeplatz">Paradeplatz</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Most of Zürich's sites are located within the area on either side of the Limmat, between the <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich_Hauptbahnhof" title="Zürich Hauptbahnhof">Main railway station</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lake_Zurich" title="Lake Zurich">Lake Zurich </a>. The churches and houses of the old town are clustered here, as are the most expensive shops along the famous Bahnhofstrasse. The <a href="/wiki/Lindenhof" title="Lindenhof">Lindenhof</a> in the old town is the historical site of the Roman castle, and the later Carolingian <a href="/wiki/Kaiserpfalz" title="Kaiserpfalz">Imperial Palace</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Churches">Churches</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zurich&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Churches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grossm%C3%BCnster" title="Grossmünster">Grossmünster</a> (Great Minster) According to legend, <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a> discovered the graves of the city's martyrs Felix and Regula and had built the first church as a monastery; start of current building around 1100; in the first half of the 16th century, the Great Minster was the starting point of the Swiss-German Reformation led by <a href="/wiki/Zwingli" class="mw-redirect" title="Zwingli">Huldrych Zwingli</a> and <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Bullinger" title="Heinrich Bullinger">Heinrich Bullinger</a>; declared by Charlemagne imperial church; romanesque crypt, romanesque capitals in the church and cloister; choir windows by <a href="/wiki/Augusto_Giacometti" title="Augusto Giacometti">Augusto Giacometti</a> (1932) and <a href="/wiki/Sigmar_Polke" title="Sigmar Polke">Sigmar Polke</a> (2009), bronze doors by <a href="/wiki/Otto_M%C3%BCnch" title="Otto Münch">Otto Münch</a> (1935 and 1950).<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraum%C3%BCnster" title="Fraumünster">Fraumünster</a> (Women's Minster) Church of a former abbey for aristocratical women from southern Germany which was founded in 853 by Louis the German for his daughter Hildegard; first church built before 874; the romanesque choir dates from 1250 to 1270; the church enjoyed the patronage of kings and had the right of coinage from Zurich to the 13th century; after the Reformation, church and convent passed into the possession of the city; the most important jewelry – in addition to the largest organ in the canton with its 5,793 pipes and 92 stops – are colour windows: the window in the north transept of Augusto Giacometti (1945), the five-part cycle in the choir (1970) and the rosette in the southern transept (1978) are by <a href="/wiki/Marc_Chagall" title="Marc Chagall">Marc Chagall</a>; also the church of Zurich's largest choir with 100 and more singers.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Peter,_Zurich" title="St. Peter, Zurich">St. Peter</a> romanesque-gothic-baroque church built on remains of former churches from before the 9th century; with the <a href="/wiki/List_of_biggest_clock_faces" class="mw-redirect" title="List of biggest clock faces">largest church clock face in Europe</a> built 1538; baptismal font of 1598, baroque stucco; individual stalls from the 15th century from city repealed monasteries with rich carvings and armrests; Kanzellettner (increased barrier between the nave and choir with built-pulpit) of 1705 pulpit sounding board about 1790; rich Akanthus embellishment with Bible verse above the pulpit; 1971 new crystal chandelier modeled according 1710 design; organ in 1974 with 53 stops; Bells: five from 1880, the largest, A minor, without clapper weighs about 6,000 kg (13,228 lb); fire guard in the tower to the Middle Ages to 1911.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Predigerkirche_Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Predigerkirche Zürich">Predigerkirche</a> is one of the four main churches of the old town, first built in 1231 AD as a Romanesque church of the then <a href="/wiki/Predigerkloster" title="Predigerkloster">Dominican <i>Predigerkloster</i></a> nearby the <a href="/wiki/Neumarkt,_Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Neumarkt, Zürich">Neumarkt</a>. It was converted in the first half of the 14th century, and the choir rebuilt between 1308 and 1350. Due to its construction and for that time unusual high bell tower, it was regarded as the most high Gothic edifice in Zurich.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="previous reference didn't say anything about the Prediger church, at all! (December 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museums">Museums</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zurich&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Museums"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kunsthaus_Z%C3%BCrich" title="Kunsthaus Zürich">Zürich Museum of Art</a> – The Museum of Art, also known as <i>Kunsthaus Zürich</i>, is one of the significant art museums of Europe. It holds one of the largest collections in Classic <a href="/wiki/Modern_art" title="Modern art">Modern art</a> in the world (Munch, Picasso, Braque, Giacometti, etc.). The museum also features a large library collection of photographs.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_National_Museum" title="Swiss National Museum">Swiss National Museum</a> – The National Museum (German: <i>Landesmuseum</i>) displays many objects that illustrate the cultural and historical background of Switzerland. It also contains many ancient artifacts, including stained glass, costumes, painted furniture and weapons.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The museum is located in the <a href="/wiki/Platzspitz_park" title="Platzspitz park">Platzspitz park</a> opposite to the Hauptbahnhof.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_Le_Corbusier" class="mw-redirect" title="Centre Le Corbusier">Centre Le Corbusier</a> – Located on the shore of the Lake Zurich nearby Zürichhorn, the Centre Le Corbusier (also named: <i>Heidi Weber Museum</i>), is an <a href="/wiki/Art_museum" title="Art museum">art museum</a> dedicated to the work of the Swiss architect <a href="/wiki/Le_Corbusier" title="Le Corbusier">Le Corbusier</a>, inside the last house he designed.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rietberg_Museum" title="Rietberg Museum">Rietberg Museum</a> – The Rietberg Museum, situated in Gablerstrasse, is one of the great repositories of art and culture in Zurich. The museum also displays exhibits gathered from various corners of the world: bronze artifacts from Tibet, ceramics and jade, Indian sculpture, Chinese grave decorations, masks by African tribes, etc.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Design_Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum of Design Zürich">Museum of Design</a> – The Museum of Design is a museum for industrial design, visual communication, architecture and craft. It is part of the Department of Cultural Analysis of the Zurich University of the Arts.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haus_Konstruktiv" title="Haus Konstruktiv">Haus Konstruktiv</a> – The Haus Konstruktiv is a museum with Swiss-wide and international recognition. The museum is about constructive, concrete and <a href="/wiki/Conceptual_art" title="Conceptual art">conceptual art</a> and design. It testimonies to Zurich's industrial architecture in the immediate vicinity of the Main Station.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uhrenmuseum_Beyer" title="Uhrenmuseum Beyer">Uhrenmuseum Beyer</a> – The Uhrenmuseum is located in the heart of the city. Documenting the history of timekeeping and timekeepers, the museum is home to a large collection of mechanical timepieces as well as a collection of primitive time keeping devices such as water clocks, sundials and hourglasses.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_Show_Museum" title="No Show Museum">No Show Museum</a> – the No Show Museum is the first museum dedicated to nothing and its various manifestations throughout the history of art.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCnfte_of_Zurich" class="mw-redirect" title="Zünfte of Zurich">Guild houses</a> – The Guild houses (German: <i>Zunfthaus</i>) are located along the Limmat (downstream from the Grossmünster): <a href="/wiki/Zunfthaus_zur_Meisen" title="Zunfthaus zur Meisen">Meisen</a> (also a porcelain and faience museum), <a href="/wiki/Zunfthaus_zum_R%C3%BCden" class="mw-redirect" title="Zunfthaus zum Rüden">Rüden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zunfthaus_zur_Haue" title="Zunfthaus zur Haue">Haue</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zunfthaus_zur_Saffran" title="Zunfthaus zur Saffran">Saffran</a>, Schneidern, Schmiden, <a href="/wiki/Zunfthaus_zur_Zimmerleuten" title="Zunfthaus zur Zimmerleuten">Zimmerleuten</a>, and some more.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zurich_Tram_Museum" title="Zurich Tram Museum">Tram Museum</a> – The Tram Museum is located at Burgwies in Zurich's eastern suburbs, and chronicles the history of <a href="/wiki/Zurich_trams" class="mw-redirect" title="Zurich trams">Zurich's iconic tram system</a> with exhibits varying in date from 1897 to the present day.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_America_Native_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="North America Native Museum">North America Native Museum</a> – The North American Native Museum specializes in the conservation, documentation and presentation of ethnographic objects and art of Native American, First Nation and Inuit cultures.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/FIFA" title="FIFA">FIFA</a> Museum – The museum exhibits memorabilities from the world of Association Football (Soccer), founded by the <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Internationale_de_Football_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Fédération Internationale de Football Association">Fédération Internationale de Football Association</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parks_and_nature">Parks and nature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zurich&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Parks and nature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich_Zoologischer_Garten" title="Zürich Zoologischer Garten">Zoological Garden</a> – The zoological garden holds about 260 species of animals and houses about 2200 animals. One can come across separate enclosures of snow leopards, India lions, clouded leopards, Amur leopards, otters and pandas in the zoo.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Botanical_Garden,_Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Botanical Garden, Zürich">Botanical Garden</a> – The Botanical Garden houses about 15,000 species of plants and trees and contains as many as three million plants. In the garden, many rare plant species from south western part of Africa, as well as from New Caledonia can be found. The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Zurich" title="University of Zurich">University of Zurich</a> holds the ownership of the Botanical Garden.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Garden,_Zurich" title="Chinese Garden, Zurich">Chinese Garden</a> – The Chinese Garden is a gift by Zurich's Chinese partner town <a href="/wiki/Kunming" title="Kunming">Kunming</a>, as remiscence for Zürich's technical and scientific assistance in the development of the Kunming city drinking water supply and drainage. The garden is an expression of one of the main themes of Chinese culture, the «<a href="/wiki/Three_Friends_of_Winter" title="Three Friends of Winter">Three Friends of Winter</a>» – three plants that together brave the cold season – <a href="/wiki/Pine" title="Pine">pine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bamboo" title="Bamboo">bamboo</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Plum_blossom" class="mw-redirect" title="Plum blossom">plum</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uetliberg" title="Uetliberg">Uetliberg</a> – Located to the west of the city at an altitude of 813 m (2,667 ft) <a href="/wiki/Above_mean_sea_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Above mean sea level">above sea level</a>, the Uetliberg is the highest hill and offers views over the city. The summit is easily accessible by train from <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich_Hauptbahnhof" title="Zürich Hauptbahnhof">Zurich main station</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kunst_und_Bau_(construction_permit_office)"><span id="Kunst_und_Bau_.28construction_permit_office.29"></span><i>Kunst und Bau</i> (construction permit office)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zurich&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Kunst und Bau (construction permit office)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> In 1922 Augusto Giacometti won the competition to paint the entrance hall of Amtshaus I, which the city promised to brighten up this gloomy room, which was once used as a cellar, and at the same time to alleviate the precarious economic situation of the local artists. Giacometti brought in the painters Jakob Gubler, Giuseppe Scartezzini and Franz Riklin for the execution of this fresco, which encompasses the ceiling and walls, thereby creating a unique colour space that appears almost sacred in its luminosity.<sup id="cite_ref-KuB_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KuB-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Frescoes_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fresco inside Amtshaus 1"><img alt="Fresco inside Amtshaus 1" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Frescoes_3.jpg/200px-Frescoes_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Frescoes_3.jpg/300px-Frescoes_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Frescoes_3.jpg/400px-Frescoes_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Fresco inside Amtshaus 1</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Entrance_to_the_world%27s_most_beautiful_police_station_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Entrance to Amtshaus 1"><img alt="Entrance to Amtshaus 1" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Entrance_to_the_world%27s_most_beautiful_police_station_01.jpg/200px-Entrance_to_the_world%27s_most_beautiful_police_station_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Entrance_to_the_world%27s_most_beautiful_police_station_01.jpg/300px-Entrance_to_the_world%27s_most_beautiful_police_station_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Entrance_to_the_world%27s_most_beautiful_police_station_01.jpg/400px-Entrance_to_the_world%27s_most_beautiful_police_station_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Entrance to Amtshaus 1</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:This_leaflet_or_pamphlet_which_is_available_for_free_to_collect_during_exit_provides_the_information_why_this_Frescoes_were_made.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Information pamphlet providing information about why these frescos were made"><img alt="Information pamphlet providing information about why these frescos were made" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/This_leaflet_or_pamphlet_which_is_available_for_free_to_collect_during_exit_provides_the_information_why_this_Frescoes_were_made.jpg/150px-This_leaflet_or_pamphlet_which_is_available_for_free_to_collect_during_exit_provides_the_information_why_this_Frescoes_were_made.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/This_leaflet_or_pamphlet_which_is_available_for_free_to_collect_during_exit_provides_the_information_why_this_Frescoes_were_made.jpg/225px-This_leaflet_or_pamphlet_which_is_available_for_free_to_collect_during_exit_provides_the_information_why_this_Frescoes_were_made.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/This_leaflet_or_pamphlet_which_is_available_for_free_to_collect_during_exit_provides_the_information_why_this_Frescoes_were_made.jpg/300px-This_leaflet_or_pamphlet_which_is_available_for_free_to_collect_during_exit_provides_the_information_why_this_Frescoes_were_made.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Information pamphlet providing information about why these frescos were made</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architecture">Architecture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zurich&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zuerich_Sunrise_Tower_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Zuerich_Sunrise_Tower_1.jpg/220px-Zuerich_Sunrise_Tower_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Zuerich_Sunrise_Tower_1.jpg/330px-Zuerich_Sunrise_Tower_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Zuerich_Sunrise_Tower_1.jpg/440px-Zuerich_Sunrise_Tower_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2827" data-file-height="2120" /></a><figcaption>The 88-metre<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sunrise Tower (2005) was the first approved high-rise building in twenty years.</figcaption></figure> <p>Compared to other cities, there are few tall buildings in Zurich. The municipal building regulations (Article 9)<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> limit the construction of high-rise buildings to areas in the west and north of the city. In the industrial district, Altstetten and Oerlikon, buildings up to 80 m (260 ft) in height are allowed (high-rise area I). In the adjacent high-rise areas II and III the height is limited to 40 m (130 ft). Around the year 2000, regulations became more flexible and high-rise buildings were again planned and built. The people's initiative "40 m (130 ft) is enough," which would have reduced both the maximum height and the high-rise buildings area, was clearly rejected on 29 November 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At this time in Zurich about a dozen high-rise buildings were under construction or in planning, including the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Tower_(Zurich)" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Tower (Zurich)">Prime Tower</a> as the tallest skyscraper in Switzerland at the time of its construction. There are numerous examples of brutalist buildings throughout the city, including the <a href="/wiki/Swissmill_Tower" title="Swissmill Tower">Swissmill Tower</a> which, at 118m, is the world's tallest grain silo. </p> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:808px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Z%C3%BCrich_-_M%C3%BCnsterhof_-_Halbparonama_2-cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Panoramic view of Münsterhof square with some of the guild houses"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Z%C3%BCrich_-_M%C3%BCnsterhof_-_Halbparonama_2-cropped.jpg/800px-Z%C3%BCrich_-_M%C3%BCnsterhof_-_Halbparonama_2-cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="800" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Z%C3%BCrich_-_M%C3%BCnsterhof_-_Halbparonama_2-cropped.jpg/1200px-Z%C3%BCrich_-_M%C3%BCnsterhof_-_Halbparonama_2-cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Z%C3%BCrich_-_M%C3%BCnsterhof_-_Halbparonama_2-cropped.jpg/1600px-Z%C3%BCrich_-_M%C3%BCnsterhof_-_Halbparonama_2-cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8323" data-file-height="1749" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Z%C3%BCrich_-_M%C3%BCnsterhof_-_Halbparonama_2-cropped.jpg" title="File:Zürich - Münsterhof - Halbparonama 2-cropped.jpg"> </a></div>Panoramic view of <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnsterhof" title="Münsterhof">Münsterhof</a> square with some of the <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCnfte_of_Zurich" class="mw-redirect" title="Zünfte of Zurich">guild houses</a></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_heritage_sites">World heritage sites</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zurich&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: World heritage sites"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The prehistoric settlements at Enge Alpenquai and Grosser Hafner and <a href="/wiki/Kleiner_Hafner" title="Kleiner Hafner">Kleiner Hafner</a> are part of the <a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Pile_dwellings_around_the_Alps" class="mw-redirect" title="Prehistoric Pile dwellings around the Alps">Prehistoric Pile dwellings around the Alps</a> a <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/UNESCO_World_Heritage_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-UNESCO_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNESCO-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zurich&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Switzerland" title="Economy of Switzerland">Economy of Switzerland</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Paradeplatz_in_Z%C3%BCrich.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Paradeplatz, heart of Zurich's financial centre" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Paradeplatz_in_Z%C3%BCrich.jpg/220px-Paradeplatz_in_Z%C3%BCrich.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Paradeplatz_in_Z%C3%BCrich.jpg/330px-Paradeplatz_in_Z%C3%BCrich.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Paradeplatz_in_Z%C3%BCrich.jpg/440px-Paradeplatz_in_Z%C3%BCrich.jpg 2x" data-file-width="9600" data-file-height="5400" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Paradeplatz" title="Paradeplatz">Paradeplatz</a>, the heart of Zurich's financial centre</figcaption></figure> <p>Zurich contributes approximately 10% to Switzerland's GDP.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Approximately 90% of workers are employed in the <a href="/wiki/Tertiary_sector" class="mw-redirect" title="Tertiary sector">tertiary sector</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a 2009 survey by <a href="/wiki/CityMayors.com" class="mw-redirect" title="CityMayors.com">CityMayors.com</a>, Zurich was ranked 9th among the "World's 10 Most Powerful Cities".<sup id="cite_ref-World's_10_Most_Powerful_Cities_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-World's_10_Most_Powerful_Cities-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 2017 <a href="/wiki/Global_Financial_Centres_Index" title="Global Financial Centres Index">Global Financial Centres Index</a>, Zurich was ranked as having the 11th most competitive financial centre in the world, and second most competitive in Europe after <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_London#Financial_services" title="Economy of London">London</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Zurich_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Zurich metropolitan area">Greater Zurich Area</a> is Switzerland's economic centre and home to many international companies. </p><p>Some of Switzerland's largest financial institutions have their headquarters in Zürich, most notably: <a href="/wiki/UBS" title="UBS">UBS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Credit_Suisse" title="Credit Suisse">Credit Suisse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zurich_Cantonal_Bank" title="Zurich Cantonal Bank">Zurich Cantonal Bank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Migros_Bank" title="Migros Bank">Migros Bank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julius_Baer_Group" title="Julius Baer Group">Julius Baer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zurich_Insurance_Group" title="Zurich Insurance Group">Zurich Insurance Group</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Re" title="Swiss Re">Swiss Re</a> and <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Life" title="Swiss Life">Swiss Life</a>. </p><p>For a list of the largest companies in Zürich, see: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Swiss_companies_by_revenue" title="List of Swiss companies by revenue">List of Swiss companies by revenue</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Contributory_factors_to_economic_strength">Contributory factors to economic strength</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zurich&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Contributory factors to economic strength"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The high quality of life has been cited as a reason for economic growth in Zurich. The <a href="/wiki/Management_consulting" title="Management consulting">consulting firm</a> <a href="/wiki/Mercer_(consulting_firm)" title="Mercer (consulting firm)">Mercer</a> has<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (September 2020)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> for many years ranked Zurich as a city with the highest quality of life in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-Mercer07_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mercer07-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mercer08_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mercer08-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In particular, Zurich received high scores for work, housing, leisure, education and safety. Local planning authorities ensure clear separation between urban and recreational areas and there are many protected nature reserves.<sup id="cite_ref-usatoday1_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usatoday1-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zurich is also ranked<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (September 2020)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> the third <a href="/wiki/List_of_most_expensive_cities_for_expatriate_employees" title="List of most expensive cities for expatriate employees">most expensive city in the world</a>, behind Hong Kong and Tokyo and ahead of Singapore.<sup id="cite_ref-Mercer-CoL-18_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mercer-CoL-18-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Zurich benefits from the high level of investment in education which is typical of Switzerland in general and provides skilled labour at all levels. The city is home to two major universities, thus enabling access to graduates and high technology research. Professional training incorporates a mix of practical work experience and academic study while, in general, emphasis is placed on obtaining a good level of general education and language ability. As a result, the city is home to many multilingual people and employees generally demonstrate a high degree of motivation and a low level of absenteeism. In addition, employment laws are less restrictive than in nearby Germany or France.<sup id="cite_ref-usatoday1_102-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usatoday1-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a> Zurich is a main hub for its operations in Europe with about 5000 employees. In March 2023, workers at the centre staged a solidarity movement in coordination with the IT workers' union <a href="/wiki/Syndicom" title="Syndicom">Syndicom</a> to reduce lay-offs and to oppose salary cuts. According to a spokesperson for the company, Google Zurich would remain a major employer despite the measures.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Swiss_stock_exchange">The Swiss stock exchange</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zurich&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: The Swiss stock exchange"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Swiss stock exchange is called <a href="/wiki/SIX_Swiss_Exchange" title="SIX Swiss Exchange">SIX Swiss Exchange</a>, formerly known as SWX. The SIX Swiss Exchange is the head group of several different worldwide operative financial systems: <a href="/wiki/Eurex" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurex">Eurex</a>, <a href="/wiki/Us_futures_exchange" class="mw-redirect" title="Us futures exchange">Eurex US</a>, EXFEED, <a href="/wiki/STOXX" title="STOXX">STOXX</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Virt-x" class="mw-redirect" title="Virt-x">virt-x</a>. The exchange turnover generated at the SWX was in 2007 of 1,780,499.5 million <a href="/wiki/Swiss_franc" title="Swiss franc">CHF</a>; the number of transactions arrived in the same period at 35,339,296 and the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Performance_Index" title="Swiss Performance Index">Swiss Performance Index</a> (SPI) arrived at a total <a href="/wiki/Market_capitalization" title="Market capitalization">market capitalization</a> of 1,359,976.2 million <a href="/wiki/Swiss_franc" title="Swiss franc">CHF</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education_and_research">Education and research</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zurich&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Education and research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:UZZ-01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/UZZ-01.JPG/220px-UZZ-01.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/UZZ-01.JPG/330px-UZZ-01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/UZZ-01.JPG/440px-UZZ-01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="883" data-file-height="585" /></a><figcaption>Main building of the University of Zurich</figcaption></figure> <p>About 70,000 people study at the 20 universities, colleges and institutions of higher education in Zurich in 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two of Switzerland's most distinguished universities are located in the city: the <a href="/wiki/ETH_Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="ETH Zürich">Swiss Federal Institute of Technology</a> (ETH Zurich), which is controlled by the federal government, and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Zurich" title="University of Zurich">University of Zurich</a>, under direction of the canton of Zurich. Both universities were listed in the top 50 world universities rated in 2007, while the ETH has consistently remained in the top 10 universities worldwide since 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ETHZ.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/ETHZ.JPG/220px-ETHZ.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/ETHZ.JPG/330px-ETHZ.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/ETHZ.JPG/440px-ETHZ.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1085" data-file-height="713" /></a><figcaption>Main building of the Swiss Institute of Technology in Zurich (ETH)</figcaption></figure> <p>ETH was founded in 1854 by the Swiss Confederation and opened its doors in 1855 as a polytechnic institute. ETH achieved its reputation particularly in the fields of chemistry, mathematics and physics and there are 21 Nobel Laureates who are associated with the institution. ETH is usually ranked the top university in continental Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The institution consists of two campuses, the main building in the heart of the city and the new campus on the outskirts of the city. </p><p>The University of Zurich was founded in 1833, although its beginnings date back to 1525 when the Swiss reformer <a href="/wiki/Ulrich_Zwingli" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulrich Zwingli">Ulrich Zwingli</a> founded a college of theology. Nowadays with its 24,000 students and 1,900 graduations each year, the University of Zurich is the largest in Switzerland and offers the widest range of subjects and courses at any Swiss higher education institution. </p><p>The Pedagogical College, the <a href="/wiki/Zurich_University_of_Applied_Sciences" title="Zurich University of Applied Sciences">Zurich University of Applied Sciences</a> (ZHAW) and the <a href="/wiki/Zurich_University_of_the_Arts" title="Zurich University of the Arts">Zurich University of the Arts</a> (ZHdK) are another three top-class technical colleges which contribute to Zurich's reputation as a knowledge and research pole by providing applied research and development. Zurich is also one of the co-location centres of the Knowledge and Innovation Community (Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation) of the <a href="/wiki/European_Institute_of_Innovation_and_Technology" title="European Institute of Innovation and Technology">European Institute of Innovation and Technology</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition to the university libraries, the city is also served by the <a href="/wiki/Zentralbibliothek_Z%C3%BCrich" title="Zentralbibliothek Zürich">Zentralbibliothek Zürich</a>, a research and public library, and the <a href="/wiki/Pestalozzi-Bibliothek_Z%C3%BCrich" title="Pestalozzi-Bibliothek Zürich">Pestalozzi-Bibliothek Zürich</a>, a public library with 14 locations. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="State_universities_by_size_in_canton_of_Zurich">State universities by size in canton of Zurich</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zurich&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: State universities by size in canton of Zurich"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_universities_by_enrollment_in_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="List of largest universities by enrollment in Switzerland">List of largest universities by enrollment in Switzerland</a></div> <table class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;"> <caption>Enrollment of (federal) state Universities and higher education institutions in Zurich </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Institution </th> <th scope="col">Total students </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Zurich" title="University of Zurich">University of Zurich – UZH</a> </th> <td>25,618 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/ETH_Zurich" title="ETH Zurich">Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich – ETH</a> </th> <td>20,607<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Zurich_University_of_Applied_Sciences" title="Zurich University of Applied Sciences">Zurich University of Applied Sciences – ZHAW</a> </th> <td>15,334 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zurich&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many large <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Swiss</a> media conglomerates are headquartered in Zurich, such as <a href="/wiki/Tamedia" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamedia">tamedia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ringier" title="Ringier">Ringier</a> and the <a href="/wiki/NZZ_Mediengruppe" title="NZZ Mediengruppe">NZZ-Verlag</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Television_and_radio">Television and radio</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zurich&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Television and radio"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SwissTVSFbuildcomplex.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/SwissTVSFbuildcomplex.jpg/220px-SwissTVSFbuildcomplex.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/SwissTVSFbuildcomplex.jpg/330px-SwissTVSFbuildcomplex.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/SwissTVSFbuildcomplex.jpg/440px-SwissTVSFbuildcomplex.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Swiss television's building</figcaption></figure> <p>The headquarters of Switzerland's national licence fee-funded German language television network ("<a href="/wiki/Schweizer_Fernsehen" title="Schweizer Fernsehen">SF</a>") are located in the Leutschenbach neighborhood, to the north of the <a href="/wiki/Oerlikon_(Z%C3%BCrich)" title="Oerlikon (Zürich)">Oerlikon</a> railway station. Regional commercial television station "<a href="/wiki/TeleZ%C3%BCri" title="TeleZüri">TeleZüri</a>" (Zurich Television) has its headquarters near Escher-Wyss Platz. The production facilities for other commercial stations "Star TV", "u1" TV and "3+" are located in <a href="/wiki/Schlieren,_Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Schlieren, Zürich">Schlieren</a>. </p><p>One section of the Swiss German language licence fee-funded <a href="/wiki/Public_broadcasting" title="Public broadcasting">public radio</a> station "<a href="/wiki/Schweizer_Radio_DRS" title="Schweizer Radio DRS">Schweizer Radio DRS</a>" is located in Zurich. There are commercial local radio stations broadcasting from Zurich, such as "Radio 24" on the Limmatstrasse, "Energy Zurich" in Seefeld on the Kreuzstrasse, Radio "LoRa" and "Radio 1". There are other radio stations that operate only during certain parts of the year, such as "CSD Radio" (May/June), "Radio <a href="/wiki/Streetparade" class="mw-redirect" title="Streetparade">Streetparade</a>" (July/August) and "rundfunk.fm" (August/September). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Print_media">Print media</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zurich&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Print media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are three large daily newspapers published in Zurich that are known across Switzerland. The <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Neue_Z%C3%BCrcher_Zeitung" title="Neue Zürcher Zeitung">Neue Zürcher Zeitung</a></i></span> (<i>NZZ</i>), the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Tages-Anzeiger" title="Tages-Anzeiger">Tages-Anzeiger</a></i></span> and <i><a href="/wiki/Blick" title="Blick">Blick</a></i>, the largest Swiss <a href="/wiki/Tabloid_(newspaper_format)" title="Tabloid (newspaper format)">tabloid</a>. All three of those newspapers publish Sunday editions. These are the <i>NZZ am Sonntag</i>, <i>SonntagsZeitung</i> and <i>SonntagsBlick</i>. Besides the three main daily newspapers, there is a <a href="/wiki/Free_daily_newspaper" class="mw-redirect" title="Free daily newspaper">free daily commuter newspaper</a> which is widely distributed: <i><a href="/wiki/20_Minuten" title="20 Minuten">20 Minuten</a></i> (20 minutes), published weekdays in the mornings. </p><p>A number of magazines from major publishers are based in Zurich. Some examples are <i><a href="/wiki/Bilanz" title="Bilanz">Bilanz</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Die_Weltwoche" title="Die Weltwoche">Die Weltwoche</a></i>, <i>Annabelle</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Schweizer_Familie" title="Schweizer Familie">Schweizer Familie</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Schweizer_Illustrierte" title="Schweizer Illustrierte">Schweizer Illustrierte</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zurich&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_annual_events_in_Zurich" title="List of annual events in Zurich">List of annual events in Zurich</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zurich_Film_Festival_2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Zurich_Film_Festival_2008.jpg/220px-Zurich_Film_Festival_2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Zurich_Film_Festival_2008.jpg/330px-Zurich_Film_Festival_2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Zurich_Film_Festival_2008.jpg/440px-Zurich_Film_Festival_2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Opening of the <a href="/wiki/Zurich_Film_Festival" title="Zurich Film Festival">Zurich Film Festival</a> (2008)</figcaption></figure> <p>In addition to high-quality museums and galleries, Zurich has high-calibre chamber and symphony orchestras and several important theatres.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Zurich_Film_Festival" title="Zurich Film Festival">Zurich Film Festival</a> is an international film festival, lasting 11 days and featuring popular international productions.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zurich_Street_Parade_2008_005.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Zurich_Street_Parade_2008_005.jpg/220px-Zurich_Street_Parade_2008_005.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Zurich_Street_Parade_2008_005.jpg/330px-Zurich_Street_Parade_2008_005.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Zurich_Street_Parade_2008_005.jpg/440px-Zurich_Street_Parade_2008_005.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2248" /></a><figcaption>Zurich during the <a href="/wiki/Street_Parade" title="Street Parade">Street Parade</a> (2008)</figcaption></figure> <p>One of the largest and most popular annual events in Zurich is the <a href="/wiki/Street_Parade" title="Street Parade">Street Parade</a>, which is also one of the largest techno and dance music festivals in the world. Proceeding along the side of Lake Zurich, it is normally held on the second Saturday in August. The first edition was held in 1992 with about 1,000 participants. By 2001 the event attracted one million participants.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-markstravelnotes1_116-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-markstravelnotes1-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Zürifäscht, on the other hand, is a triennial public festival. It features music, fireworks set to music,<sup id="cite_ref-markstravelnotes1_116-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-markstravelnotes1-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and other attractions throughout the old town. It is the largest public festival in Switzerland and attracts up to 2 million visitors.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Kunst Zürich is an international <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_art" title="Contemporary art">contemporary art</a> fair with an annual guest city; it combines most recent arts with the works of well-established artists.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another annual public art exhibit is the city campaign, sponsored by the City Vereinigung (the local equivalent of a <a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_commerce" title="Chamber of commerce">chamber of commerce</a>) with the cooperation of the <a href="/wiki/Local_government" title="Local government">city government</a>. It consists of decorated sculptures distributed over the city centre, in public places. Past themes have included lions (1986), cows (1998), benches (2003), teddy bears (2005), and huge flower pots (2009). From this originated the concept of the <a href="/wiki/CowParade" title="CowParade">CowParade</a> that has been featured in other major world cities. </p><p>Zurich has been the home to several art movements. The <a href="/wiki/Dada" title="Dada">Dada movement</a> was founded in 1916 at the <a href="/wiki/Cabaret_Voltaire_(Z%C3%BCrich)" title="Cabaret Voltaire (Zürich)">Cabaret Voltaire</a>. Artists like <a href="/wiki/Max_Bill" title="Max Bill">Max Bill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Breuer" title="Marcel Breuer">Marcel Breuer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Camille_Graeser" title="Camille Graeser">Camille Graeser</a> or <a href="/wiki/Richard_Paul_Lohse" title="Richard Paul Lohse">Richard Paul Lohse</a> had their ateliers in Zurich, which became even more important after the takeover of power by the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi regime</a> in Germany and <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. </p><p>The best known traditional holiday in the city is the <a href="/wiki/Sechsel%C3%A4uten" title="Sechseläuten">Sechseläuten</a> (<i>Sächsilüüte</i>), including a parade of the <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCnfte_of_Z%C3%BCrich" title="Zünfte of Zürich">guilds</a> and the burning of "winter" in effigy at the <a href="/wiki/Sechsel%C3%A4utenplatz" title="Sechseläutenplatz">Sechseläutenplatz</a>. During this festival the popular <a href="/wiki/March_(music)" title="March (music)">march</a> known as the Sechseläutenmarsch is played. It has no known composer but likely originated in Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another is the <a href="/wiki/Knabenschiessen" title="Knabenschiessen">Knabenschiessen</a> <a href="/wiki/Sch%C3%BCtzenfest" title="Schützenfest">target shooting competition</a> for teenagers (originally boys, open to female participants since 1991). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Opera,_ballet,_and_theaters"><span id="Opera.2C_ballet.2C_and_theaters"></span>Opera, ballet, and theaters</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zurich&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Opera, ballet, and theaters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Z%C3%BCrich_-_Opernhaus_IMG_0090_ShiftN1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Z%C3%BCrich_-_Opernhaus_IMG_0090_ShiftN1.jpg/170px-Z%C3%BCrich_-_Opernhaus_IMG_0090_ShiftN1.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Z%C3%BCrich_-_Opernhaus_IMG_0090_ShiftN1.jpg/255px-Z%C3%BCrich_-_Opernhaus_IMG_0090_ShiftN1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Z%C3%BCrich_-_Opernhaus_IMG_0090_ShiftN1.jpg/340px-Z%C3%BCrich_-_Opernhaus_IMG_0090_ShiftN1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1786" data-file-height="2382" /></a><figcaption>Opernhaus</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information on the a cappella choir: <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrcher_Vokalisten" title="Zürcher Vokalisten">Zürcher Vokalisten</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Zurich_Opera_House" title="Zurich Opera House">Zurich Opera House</a> (German: <i>Zürcher Opernhaus</i>), built in 1834, was the first permanent theatre in the heart of Zurich and was at the time, the main seat of <a href="/wiki/Richard_Wagner" title="Richard Wagner">Richard Wagner</a>'s activities. Later in 1890, the theatre was re-built as an ornate building with a neo-classical architecture. The portico is made of white and grey stone ornamented with the busts of Wagner, Weber and Mozart. Later, busts of Schiller, Shakespeare and Goethe were also added. The auditorium is designed in the rococo style. Once a year, it hosts the <i>Zürcher Opernball</i> with the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Swiss_Confederation" title="President of the Swiss Confederation">President of the Swiss Confederation</a> and the economic and cultural elite of Switzerland.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Ballett_Z%C3%BCrich" title="Ballett Zürich">Ballett Zürich</a> performs at the opera house. The <a href="/wiki/Zurich_Opera_Ball" title="Zurich Opera Ball">Zurich Opera Ball</a>, a major social event, is held annually at the Opera House as a fundraiser for the opera and ballet companies. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Schauspielhaus_Z%C3%BCrich" title="Schauspielhaus Zürich">Schauspielhaus Zürich</a> is the main theatre complex of the city. It has two dépendances: <i>Pfauen</i> in the Central City District and <i>Schiffbauhalle</i>, an old industrial hall, in Zurich West. The Schauspielhaus was home to emigrants such as <a href="/wiki/Bertolt_Brecht" title="Bertolt Brecht">Bertolt Brecht</a> or <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mann" title="Thomas Mann">Thomas Mann</a>, and saw premieres of works of <a href="/wiki/Max_Frisch" title="Max Frisch">Max Frisch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_D%C3%BCrrenmatt" title="Friedrich Dürrenmatt">Friedrich Dürrenmatt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Botho_Strau%C3%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="Botho Strauß">Botho Strauss</a> or <a href="/wiki/Elfriede_Jelinek" title="Elfriede Jelinek">Elfriede Jelinek</a>. The Schauspielhaus is one of the most prominent and important theatres in Switzerland.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Theater_am_Neumarkt" title="Theater am Neumarkt">Theater am Neumarkt</a> is one of the oldest theatres of the city. Established by the old guilds in the Old City District, it is located in a baroque palace near Niederdorf Street. It has two stages staging mostly avantgarde works by European directors. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrcher_Theater_Spektakel" title="Zürcher Theater Spektakel">Zürcher Theater Spektakel</a> is an international theatre festival, featuring contemporary <a href="/wiki/Performing_arts" title="Performing arts">performing arts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Food">Food</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zurich&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Food"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The traditional cuisine of Zurich reflects the centuries of rule by patrician burghers as well as the lasting imprint of <a href="/wiki/Huldrych_Zwingli" title="Huldrych Zwingli">Huldrych Zwingli</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Puritan" class="mw-redirect" title="Puritan">puritanism</a>. Traditional dishes include <i><a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrcher_Geschnetzeltes" title="Zürcher Geschnetzeltes">Zürcher Geschnetzeltes</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Tirggel" title="Tirggel">Tirggel</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Sternen_Grill" title="Sternen Grill">Sternen Grill</a> is a popular restaurant that is known for its <a href="/wiki/St._Galler_Bratwurst" title="St. Galler Bratwurst">St. Galler Bratwurst</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nightlife_and_clubbing">Nightlife and clubbing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zurich&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Nightlife and clubbing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zurich_in_night1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Zurich_in_night1.jpg/220px-Zurich_in_night1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Zurich_in_night1.jpg/330px-Zurich_in_night1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Zurich_in_night1.jpg/440px-Zurich_in_night1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption>Zurich at night</figcaption></figure> <p>Zurich is host city of the <a href="/wiki/Street_Parade" title="Street Parade">Street Parade</a>, which takes place in August every year (see above). </p><p>The most famous districts for Nightlife are the <a href="/wiki/Niederdorf_district" title="Niederdorf district">Niederdorf</a> in the old town with bars, restaurants, lounges, hotels, clubs, etc. and a lot of fashion shops for a young and stylish public and the <a href="/wiki/Langstrasse" title="Langstrasse">Langstrasse</a> in the districts 4 and 5 of the city. There are authentic amusements: bars, punk clubs, <a href="/wiki/Hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip hop">hip hop</a> stages, Caribbean restaurants, arthouse cinemas, Turkish kebabs and Italian espresso-bars, but also <a href="/wiki/Sex_shop" title="Sex shop">sex shops</a> or the famous <a href="/wiki/Red-light_district" title="Red-light district">red-light district</a> of Zurich. </p><p>In the past ten years<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (June 2020)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> new parts of the city have risen into the spotlight. Notably, the area known as <a href="/wiki/Zurich_West" title="Zurich West">Zurich West</a> in district 5, near the Escher-Wyss square and the S-Bahn Station of <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich_Hardbr%C3%BCcke_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Zürich Hardbrücke railway station">Zürich Hardbrücke</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zurich&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FIFA-Headquarter.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/FIFA-Headquarter.jpg/220px-FIFA-Headquarter.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/FIFA-Headquarter.jpg/330px-FIFA-Headquarter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/FIFA-Headquarter.jpg/440px-FIFA-Headquarter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1701" data-file-height="732" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/FIFA_Headquarters" class="mw-redirect" title="FIFA Headquarters">FIFA Headquarters</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Zurich is home to several international sport federations. The <a href="/wiki/FIFA" title="FIFA">Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA)</a> is headquartered in the city. In 2007 were inaugurated the new FIFA headquarters building, designed by architect Tilla Theus. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Association football</a> is an essential aspect of sports in Zurich. The city is home to two major rivaling Swiss <a href="/wiki/Football_team" title="Football team">football teams</a>; <a href="/wiki/Grasshopper_Club_Zurich" title="Grasshopper Club Zurich">Grasshopper Club Zurich</a> founded in 1886 and <a href="/wiki/FC_Zurich" class="mw-redirect" title="FC Zurich">FC Zurich</a> founded in 1896, both competing in <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Super_League" title="Swiss Super League">Switzerland's highest league</a>. </p><p>Among the most popular sports in Switzerland is <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">ice hockey</a>. In Zurich it is represented by the <a href="/wiki/ZSC_Lions" title="ZSC Lions">ZSC Lions</a>. The <a href="/wiki/International_Ice_Hockey_Federation" title="International Ice Hockey Federation">International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF)</a> officiating as head organisation for ice hockey leagues worldwide is based in Zurich as well. </p><p>Cycling is a popular sport as well as a means of transport in Zurich. Cycling routes are generally marked with red and white signs and the yellow lanes are exclusively meant for cyclists. Also hiking trails are well marked with yellow signs, most of which give the hiker the probable time it will take them to reach their destination. There are specific maps available for hiking and walking trails throughout Switzerland. Some of the most accessible walks in the Zurich area are the Uetliberg and the Zürichberg. The Offene Rennbahn otherwise known as the <a href="/wiki/Oerlikon_Velodrome" title="Oerlikon Velodrome">Oerlikon Velodrome</a> deserves a special visit on any Tuesday evening in the summer, for cyclists there are chances to see time trial champions or local Swiss national cyclists challenging other amateurs in a variety of races including Madison or Keirin events. </p><p>As many as 30 clubs and seven indoor curling facilities can be found in the Greater Zurich Area. The curling season starts in early September and continues until the end of April.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Zurich is Switzerland's hub for <a href="/wiki/Lacrosse" title="Lacrosse">lacrosse</a>. The Zurich Lions Lacrosse Academics, who play their home games at the Hochschulsportanlage Fluntern,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> have been the country's dominant team and a major competitor at international events.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Events">Events</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zurich&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: Events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:100m_women_Golden_League_2007_in_Zurich.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/100m_women_Golden_League_2007_in_Zurich.jpg/220px-100m_women_Golden_League_2007_in_Zurich.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/100m_women_Golden_League_2007_in_Zurich.jpg/330px-100m_women_Golden_League_2007_in_Zurich.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/100m_women_Golden_League_2007_in_Zurich.jpg/440px-100m_women_Golden_League_2007_in_Zurich.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3846" data-file-height="2573" /></a><figcaption>2007 Zurich Weltklasse</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Weltklasse_Z%C3%BCrich" title="Weltklasse Zürich">Weltklasse Zürich</a>, sometimes referred to as the one-day Olympics,<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a one-day athletics meet held annually at the <a href="/wiki/Letzigrund" title="Letzigrund">Letzigrund</a> Stadium. Since it started on 12 August 1928, the sporting event has witnessed new world records and national records. To date as many as 24 world records were set in Weltklasse.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Zurich Marathon is a popular sport event held in the city. The course starts in Zurich and passes through Bahnhofstrasse, <a href="/wiki/Bellevueplatz" title="Bellevueplatz">Bellevueplatz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mythenquai" class="mw-redirect" title="Mythenquai">Mythenquai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quaibr%C3%BCcke,_Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Quaibrücke, Zürich">Quaibrücke</a>, Talstrasse and <a href="/wiki/Utoquai" class="mw-redirect" title="Utoquai">Utoquai</a>, and along Lake Zurich. <a href="/wiki/Neujahrsmarathon_Z%C3%BCrich" title="Neujahrsmarathon Zürich">New Year's Eve run</a> is another notable running event held on 1 January and starts at midnight. </p><p>Zurich was one of six venues of the <a href="/wiki/1954_FIFA_World_Cup" title="1954 FIFA World Cup">1954 FIFA World Cup</a> and one of eight venues of the <a href="/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2008" title="UEFA Euro 2008">UEFA Euro 2008</a>. The Euro 2008 games were held in the Letzigrund Stadium. Work on the new Letzigrund was completed in exceptionally quick time and the stadium opened in August 2007 just one year after the demolition of the old arena.<sup id="cite_ref-Swissinfo-Matthew_129-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Swissinfo-Matthew-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Zurich has hosted the <a href="/wiki/UCI_Track_Cycling_World_Championships" title="UCI Track Cycling World Championships">UCI Track Cycling World Championships</a> six times at the Oerlikon Velodrome. The first event was in 1929 and most recently in 1983. </p><p>Since 2013, the international <a href="/wiki/Openair_Literatur_Festival_Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Openair Literatur Festival Zürich">Openair Literatur Festival Zürich</a> takes place annually in Zurich, presented by Literaturhaus Zurich and Kaufleuten. </p><p>Zurich hosted the <a href="/wiki/1998_Men%27s_World_Ice_Hockey_Championships" class="mw-redirect" title="1998 Men's World Ice Hockey Championships">1998 World Ice Hockey Championships</a>. The city previously co-hosted the <a href="/wiki/1953_World_Ice_Hockey_Championships" class="mw-redirect" title="1953 World Ice Hockey Championships">1953</a> and <a href="/wiki/1939_World_Ice_Hockey_Championships" class="mw-redirect" title="1939 World Ice Hockey Championships">1939</a> championships. </p><p>Zurich was also host to the <a href="/wiki/2012_Men%27s_World_Floorball_Championships" title="2012 Men's World Floorball Championships">2012 Men's World Floorball Championships</a>. This was the first time the event had been held in the city. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zurich&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Zurich" title="List of people from Zurich">List of people from Zurich</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_points_of_interest">Other points of interest</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zurich&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: Other points of interest"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oeli06072019.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Oeli06072019.png/220px-Oeli06072019.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Oeli06072019.png/330px-Oeli06072019.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Oeli06072019.png/440px-Oeli06072019.png 2x" data-file-width="4384" data-file-height="3288" /></a><figcaption>Inside the "Oepfelchammer", in which the so-called <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Balkenprobe</i></span> takes place</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>The Schwamendingen X: level crossing of tram tracks, necessary because the tunnel uses island platforms for boarding (<i>between</i> trams, whose doors are on the right) while normally (outside the tunnel), passengers board to the outside (<i>opposite</i> the boarding area of oncoming trams). Trams normally travel on the right track, but in the tunnel they travel on the left.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (May 2021)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>The Sihlfeld cemetery has a vending machine for funeral cards and other mourning supplies.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (May 2021)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>The "Oepfelchammer" tavern in Zurich's Old Town offers an unusual athletic drinking game called <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Balkenprobe</i></span>: the drinker has to pull themselves up on a ceiling beam, cross over to the next beam, then drink a glass of wine with their head hanging down.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (May 2021)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zurich&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/28px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/42px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/56px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Switzerland" title="Portal:Switzerland">Switzerland portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bern" title="Bern">Bern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Zurich" title="List of mayors of Zurich">List of mayors of Zurich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stadt_Z%C3%BCrich_(ship,_1909)" title="Stadt Zürich (ship, 1909)">PS Stadt Zurich</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_and_references">Notes and references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zurich&action=edit&section=55" title="Edit section: Notes and references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zurich&action=edit&section=56" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The official language in all municipalities in German-speaking Switzerland is German, where 'German' is used as an umbrella term for all varieties of German. By law, one may communicate with the authorities using any variant of German, in written or oral form. However, the authorities will always use <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Standard_German" title="Swiss Standard German">Swiss Standard German</a> (the Swiss variety of <a href="/wiki/Standard_German" title="Standard German">Standard German</a>) in documents and writing. Orally, they would use either <i>Hochdeutsch</i> (i.e., Swiss Standard German or what the particular speaker considers <i>High German</i>), or a dialectal variant depending on the speaker's origin. </span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="References">References</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zurich&action=edit&section=57" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-56a950927afb7506684b8ca56377daa33ce51248-v18-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-56a950927afb7506684b8ca56377daa33ce51248-v18_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-56a950927afb7506684b8ca56377daa33ce51248-v18_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="color:#dd3333"> Error: Unable to display the reference from Wikidata properly. 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Federal Statistical Office<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Arealstatistik+Standard+-+Gemeinden+nach+4+Hauptbereichen&rft.pub=Federal+Statistical+Office&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bfs.admin.ch%2Fbfs%2Fde%2Fhome%2Fstatistiken%2Fraum-umwelt%2Fbodennutzung-bedeckung%2Fgesamtspektrum-regionalen-stufen%2Fgemeinden.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZurich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-34c519b824326ac026c866c5eeb394dc81a720df-v18-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-34c519b824326ac026c866c5eeb394dc81a720df-v18_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/pxweb/fr/px-x-0102020000_201/-/px-x-0102020000_201.px/table/tableViewLayout2/?rxid=c5985c8d-66cd-446c-9a07-d8cc07276160">https://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/pxweb/fr/px-x-0102020000_201/-/px-x-0102020000_201.px/table/tableViewLayout2/?rxid=c5985c8d-66cd-446c-9a07-d8cc07276160</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch%2Fpxweb%2Ffr%2Fpx-x-0102020000_201%2F-%2Fpx-x-0102020000_201.px%2Ftable%2FtableViewLayout2%2F%3Frxid%3Dc5985c8d-66cd-446c-9a07-d8cc07276160&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZurich" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Missing or empty <code class="cs1-code">|title=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#citation_missing_title" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-dce39f99fda4d96462f876eb33101626c852185f-v18-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-dce39f99fda4d96462f876eb33101626c852185f-v18_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="color:#dd3333"> Error: Unable to display the reference from Wikidata properly. Technical details: <ul><li>Reason for the failure of <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">Cite web</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>: The Wikidata reference contains the property <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/P2701" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/P2701">file format <small>(P2701)</small></a>, which is not assigned to any parameter of this template.</li> <li>Reason for the failure of <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_Q" title="Template:Cite Q">Cite Q</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>: The Wikidata reference contains the property <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/P2701" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/P2701">file format <small>(P2701)</small></a>, which is not assigned to any parameter of this template.</li></ul> See <a href="/wiki/Module:Wd/doc#References" title="Module:Wd/doc">the documentation</a> for further details. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.myswitzerland.com/en/destinations/resorts/holiday-destinations-in-switzerland/zurich.html">"Zurich entry at the Swiss Tourist Board"</a>. Myswitzerland.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100512041744/http://www.myswitzerland.com/en/destinations/resorts/holiday-destinations-in-switzerland/zurich.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 May 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Stadt Zürich Präsidialdepartment. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230320164214/https://www.stadt-zuerich.ch/prd/de/index/statistik/themen/bevoelkerung/bevoelkerungsentwicklung/aktueller-bevoelkerungsbestand.html#daten">Archived</a> from the original on 20 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=stadt-zuerich.ch&rft.atitle=Bev%C3%B6lkerungsbestand+und+%E2%80%93+entwicklung+%E2%80%93+Stadt+Z%C3%BCrichbestand&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stadt-zuerich.ch%2Fprd%2Fde%2Findex%2Fstatistik%2Fthemen%2Fbevoelkerung%2Fbevoelkerungsentwicklung%2Faktueller-bevoelkerungsbestand.html%23daten&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZurich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Agglomeration-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Agglomeration_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090504233724/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/01/02/blank/key/raeumliche_verteilung/agglomerationen.html">"Population size and population composition – Data, indicators – Agglomerations: Permanent resident population in urban and rural areas"</a>. <i>bfs.admin.ch</i> (Statistics). Federal Statistical Office, Neuchâtel, Swiss Federal Administration. 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/01/02/blank/key/raeumliche_verteilung/agglomerationen.html">the original</a> on 4 May 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bfs.admin.ch&rft.atitle=Population+size+and+population+composition+%E2%80%93+Data%2C+indicators+%E2%80%93+Agglomerations%3A+Permanent+resident+population+in+urban+and+rural+areas&rft.date=2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bfs.admin.ch%2Fbfs%2Fportal%2Fde%2Findex%2Fthemen%2F01%2F02%2Fblank%2Fkey%2Fraeumliche_verteilung%2Fagglomerationen.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZurich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ZHinZahlen-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ZHinZahlen_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZHinZahlen_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZHinZahlen_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130307144552/http://www.stadt-zuerich.ch/content/prd/de/index/statistik/publikationsdatenbank/Taschenstatistik/TAS_2011de.html">"Zürich in Zahlen 2011 Taschenstatistik (German)"</a>. Präsidialdepartement der Stadt Zürich (Department of the Mayor). 8 September 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stadt-zuerich.ch/content/prd/de/index/statistik/publikationsdatenbank/Taschenstatistik/TAS_2011de.html">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(Press release)</span> on 7 March 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Z%C3%BCrich+in+Zahlen+2011+Taschenstatistik+%28German%29&rft.pub=Pr%C3%A4sidialdepartement+der+Stadt+Z%C3%BCrich+%28Department+of+the+Mayor%29&rft.date=2012-09-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stadt-zuerich.ch%2Fcontent%2Fprd%2Fde%2Findex%2Fstatistik%2Fpublikationsdatenbank%2FTaschenstatistik%2FTAS_2011de.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZurich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrimas1981" class="citation journal cs1">Primas, Margarita (December 1981). "Urgeschichte des Zürichseegebietes im Überblick: Von der Steinzeit bis zur Früheisenzeit". <i>Helvetia Archaeologica 45/48</i>: 5–18, 5f.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Helvetia+Archaeologica+45%2F48&rft.atitle=Urgeschichte+des+Z%C3%BCrichseegebietes+im+%C3%9Cberblick%3A+Von+der+Steinzeit+bis+zur+Fr%C3%BCheisenzeit&rft.pages=5-18%2C+5f&rft.date=1981-12&rft.aulast=Primas&rft.aufirst=Margarita&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZurich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130927222045/http://www.zuerich.com/en/visitor/Experience/Attractions/Huldrych-Zwingli-Sight-details.html#details">"Huldrych-Zwingli"</a>. Zuerich.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zuerich.com/en/visitor/Experience/Attractions/Huldrych-Zwingli-Sight-details.html#details">the original</a> on 27 September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Huldrych-Zwingli&rft.pub=Zuerich.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zuerich.com%2Fen%2Fvisitor%2FExperience%2FAttractions%2FHuldrych-Zwingli-Sight-details.html%23details&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZurich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eda.admin.ch/aboutswitzerland/en/home/wirtschaft/finanzplatz.html">"Swiss financial centre"</a>. <i>www.eda.admin.ch</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.eda.admin.ch&rft.atitle=Swiss+financial+centre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eda.admin.ch%2Faboutswitzerland%2Fen%2Fhome%2Fwirtschaft%2Ffinanzplatz.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZurich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldtravelguide.net/city/138/culture/Europe/Zurich.html">Zürich Culture</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100807195450/http://www.worldtravelguide.net/city/138/culture/Europe/Zurich.html">Archived</a> 7 August 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> worldtravelguide.net. Retrieved 10 March 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones2011" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Jones_(phonetician)" title="Daniel Jones (phonetician)">Jones, Daniel</a> (2011). <a href="/wiki/Peter_Roach_(phonetician)" title="Peter Roach (phonetician)">Roach, Peter</a>; <a href="/wiki/Jane_Setter" title="Jane Setter">Setter, Jane</a>; <a href="/wiki/John_Esling" title="John Esling">Esling, John</a> (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/English_Pronouncing_Dictionary" title="English Pronouncing Dictionary">Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary</a></i> (18th ed.). Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-15255-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-15255-6"><bdi>978-0-521-15255-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cambridge+English+Pronouncing+Dictionary&rft.edition=18th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-521-15255-6&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZurich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWells2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_C._Wells" title="John C. Wells">Wells, John C.</a> (2008). <i>Longman Pronunciation Dictionary</i> (3rd ed.). Longman. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4058-8118-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4058-8118-0"><bdi>978-1-4058-8118-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Longman+Pronunciation+Dictionary&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Longman&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-4058-8118-0&rft.aulast=Wells&rft.aufirst=John+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZurich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Zurich">"Definition of Zurich"</a>. <i>www.merriam-webster.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.merriam-webster.com&rft.atitle=Definition+of+Zurich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2FZurich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZurich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Andres Kristol, <i>Zürich ZH (Zürich)</i> in: <i>Dictionnaire toponymique des communes suisses – Lexikon der schweizerischen Gemeindenamen – Dizionario toponomastico dei comuni svizzeri (DTS|LSG)</i>, Centre de dialectologie, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="University of Neuchâtel">University of Neuchâtel</a>, Verlag Huber, <a href="/wiki/Frauenfeld" title="Frauenfeld">Frauenfeld</a>/<a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a>/<a href="/wiki/Wien" class="mw-redirect" title="Wien">Wien</a> 2005, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-7193-1308-5" title="Special:BookSources/3-7193-1308-5">3-7193-1308-5</a> und Éditions Payot, Lausanne 2005, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-601-03336-3" title="Special:BookSources/2-601-03336-3">2-601-03336-3</a>, p. 992f.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Zurich</i> in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/d/D000171.php"><span title="Zurich in German">German</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F000171.php"><span title="Zurich in French">French</span></a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/i/I000171.php"><span title="Zurich in Italian">Italian</span></a> in the online <i><a href="/wiki/Historical_Dictionary_of_Switzerland" title="Historical Dictionary of Switzerland">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Zürcher Ortsnamen – Entstehung und Bedeutung</i>, H. Kläuli, V. Schobinger, <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrcher_Kantonalbank" class="mw-redirect" title="Zürcher Kantonalbank">Zürcher Kantonalbank</a> (1989), p. 109.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dr571-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dr571_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dr571_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dr571_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dr571_20-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDrackFellmann1988" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Drack, Walter; Fellmann, Rudolf (1988). <i>Die Römer in der Schweiz</i> (in German). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.stadt-zuerich.ch&rft.atitle=Die+L%C3%B6wen+im+Wappen+Z%C3%BCrichs+%28%22Z%C3%BCrileuen%22%29+%E2%80%93+Stadt+Z%C3%BCrich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stadt-zuerich.ch%2Fprd%2Fde%2Findex%2Fstadtarchiv%2FRechercheBenutzung%2Frecherche%2Fbeliebteforschungsthemen%2Fdie_loewen_im_wappenzuerichszuerileuen.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZurich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SR-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SR_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SR_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stadt-zuerich.ch/portal/de/index/politik_u_recht/stadtrat.html">"Der Stadtrat von Zürich"</a> (official site) (in German). City of Zurich. 13 February 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230418200515/https://www.stadt-zuerich.ch/portal/de/index/politik_u_recht/stadtrat.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Der+Stadtrat+von+Z%C3%BCrich&rft.pub=City+of+Zurich&rft.date=2022-02-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stadt-zuerich.ch%2Fportal%2Fde%2Findex%2Fpolitik_u_recht%2Fstadtrat.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZurich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-W22-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-W22_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stadt-zuerich.ch/portal/de/index/politik_u_recht/abstimmungen_u_wahlen/archiv_wahlen/stadtrat_gemeinderat/220213/resultate.html">"Erneuerungswahlen Amtsdauer 2022–2026"</a> (official site) (in German). City of Zurich. 13 February 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230520191729/https://www.stadt-zuerich.ch/portal/de/index/politik_u_recht/abstimmungen_u_wahlen/archiv_wahlen/stadtrat_gemeinderat/220213/resultate.html">Archived</a> from the original on 20 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Erneuerungswahlen+Amtsdauer+2022%E2%80%932026&rft.pub=City+of+Zurich&rft.date=2022-02-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stadt-zuerich.ch%2Fportal%2Fde%2Findex%2Fpolitik_u_recht%2Fabstimmungen_u_wahlen%2Farchiv_wahlen%2Fstadtrat_gemeinderat%2F220213%2Fresultate.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZurich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stadt-zuerich.ch-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-stadt-zuerich.ch_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-stadt-zuerich.ch_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stadt-zuerich.ch/portal/de/index/politik_u_recht/abstimmungen_u_wahlen/archiv_wahlen/stadtrat_gemeinderat/220213/resultate.html?path=wp_herleitung_waehleranteil&context=standalone">"Gesamtstädtischer Wähleranteil der Parteien"</a>. <i>www.stadt-zuerich.ch</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.stadt-zuerich.ch&rft.atitle=Gesamtst%C3%A4dtischer+W%C3%A4hleranteil+der+Parteien&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stadt-zuerich.ch%2Fportal%2Fde%2Findex%2Fpolitik_u_recht%2Fabstimmungen_u_wahlen%2Farchiv_wahlen%2Fstadtrat_gemeinderat%2F220213%2Fresultate.html%3Fpath%3Dwp_herleitung_waehleranteil%26context%3Dstandalone&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZurich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gemeinderat-zuerich.ch/">"Über den Gemeinderat"</a> (official site) (in German). Zurich: Gemeinderat der Stadt Zürich. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151031144923/http://www.gemeinderat-zuerich.ch/">Archived</a> from the original on 31 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%C3%9Cber+den+Gemeinderat&rft.place=Zurich&rft.pub=Gemeinderat+der+Stadt+Z%C3%BCrich&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gemeinderat-zuerich.ch%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZurich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141129015514/https://www.stadt-zuerich.ch/prd/en/index/stadtentwicklung/aussenbeziehungen/zuerich_international/staedtepartnerschaften.html">"Twin Cities"</a>. City of Zurich. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stadt-zuerich.ch/prd/en/index/stadtentwicklung/aussenbeziehungen/zuerich_international/staedtepartnerschaften.html">the original</a> on 29 November 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Twin+Cities&rft.pub=City+of+Zurich&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stadt-zuerich.ch%2Fprd%2Fen%2Findex%2Fstadtentwicklung%2Faussenbeziehungen%2Fzuerich_international%2Fstaedtepartnerschaften.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZurich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=6660&cityname=Z%25FCrich%252C+Zurich%252C+Switzerland&units=">"Zürich, Switzerland Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)"</a>. <i>Weatherbase</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210201193647/http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=6660&cityname=Z%25FCrich%252C+Zurich%252C+Switzerland&units=">Archived</a> from the original on 1 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Weatherbase&rft.atitle=Z%C3%BCrich%2C+Switzerland+K%C3%B6ppen+Climate+Classification+%28Weatherbase%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.weatherbase.com%2Fweather%2Fweather-summary.php3%3Fs%3D6660%26cityname%3DZ%2525FCrich%25252C%2BZurich%25252C%2BSwitzerland%26units%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZurich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150407001110/http://www.meteoswiss.admin.ch/home/climate/past/climate-of-switzerland/reports-throughout-the-year/foehn.html">"Föhn"</a> (in German). Zurich-Airport, Switzerland: Swiss Federal Office of Metreology and Climatology, MeteoSwiss. 1 December 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.meteoswiss.admin.ch/home/climate/past/climate-of-switzerland/reports-throughout-the-year/foehn.html">the original</a> on 7 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=F%C3%B6hn&rft.place=Zurich-Airport%2C+Switzerland&rft.pub=Swiss+Federal+Office+of+Metreology+and+Climatology%2C+MeteoSwiss&rft.date=2014-12-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.meteoswiss.admin.ch%2Fhome%2Fclimate%2Fpast%2Fclimate-of-switzerland%2Freports-throughout-the-year%2Ffoehn.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZurich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ClimatSMA-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ClimatSMA_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ClimatSMA_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.meteoswiss.admin.ch/product/output/climate-data/climate-diagrams-normal-values-station-processing/SMA/climsheet_SMA_np8110_e.pdf">"Climate normals Zurich / Fluntern (Reference period 1981–2010)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Zurich-Airport, Switzerland: Swiss Federal Office of Metreology and Climatology, MeteoSwiss. 2 July 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150406234848/http://www.meteoswiss.admin.ch/product/output/climate-data/climate-diagrams-normal-values-station-processing/SMA/climsheet_SMA_np8110_e.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 6 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Climate+normals+Zurich+%2F+Fluntern+%28Reference+period+1981%E2%80%932010%29&rft.place=Zurich-Airport%2C+Switzerland&rft.pub=Swiss+Federal+Office+of+Metreology+and+Climatology%2C+MeteoSwiss&rft.date=2014-07-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.meteoswiss.admin.ch%2Fproduct%2Foutput%2Fclimate-data%2Fclimate-diagrams-normal-values-station-processing%2FSMA%2Fclimsheet_SMA_np8110_e.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZurich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/calcdetail.php?seasonid=0&periodid=1981-2010&indexid=TXx&stationid=244">"Average Annual Maximum"</a>. Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170831040427/http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/calcdetail.php?seasonid=0&periodid=1981-2010&indexid=TXx&stationid=244">Archived</a> from the original on 31 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Average+Annual+Maximum&rft.pub=Royal+Netherlands+Meteorological+Institute&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feca.knmi.nl%2Futils%2Fcalcdetail.php%3Fseasonid%3D0%26periodid%3D1981-2010%26indexid%3DTXx%26stationid%3D244&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZurich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/indicesmapdetail.php?seasonid=13&year=1947&indexid=TXx&stationid=244">"July 1947"</a>. Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170831000401/http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/indicesmapdetail.php?seasonid=13&year=1947&indexid=TXx&stationid=244">Archived</a> from the original on 31 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=July+1947&rft.pub=Royal+Netherlands+Meteorological+Institute&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feca.knmi.nl%2Futils%2Findicesmapdetail.php%3Fseasonid%3D13%26year%3D1947%26indexid%3DTXx%26stationid%3D244&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZurich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.meteoschweiz.admin.ch/content/dam/meteoswiss/de/Ungebundene-Seiten/Publikationen/Klimabulletin/doc/publi-klimabulletin-maerz-2014.pdf">"Klimabulletin März 2014"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in German). Zurich-Airport, Switzerland: Swiss Federal Office of Metreology and Climatology, MeteoSwiss. 9 April 2014. p. 5. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150406181324/http://www.meteoschweiz.admin.ch/content/dam/meteoswiss/de/Ungebundene-Seiten/Publikationen/Klimabulletin/doc/publi-klimabulletin-maerz-2014.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 6 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Klimabulletin+M%C3%A4rz+2014&rft.place=Zurich-Airport%2C+Switzerland&rft.pages=5&rft.pub=Swiss+Federal+Office+of+Metreology+and+Climatology%2C+MeteoSwiss&rft.date=2014-04-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.meteoschweiz.admin.ch%2Fcontent%2Fdam%2Fmeteoswiss%2Fde%2FUngebundene-Seiten%2FPublikationen%2FKlimabulletin%2Fdoc%2Fpubli-klimabulletin-maerz-2014.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZurich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.meteoswiss.admin.ch/product/output/climate-data/climate-time-series-processing/SMA/dailyevol_SMA_2015_E.pdf">"Zürich/Fluntern (556m) 2015"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Zurich-Airport, Switzerland: Swiss Federal Office of Metreology and Climatology, MeteoSwiss. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150406194740/http://www.meteoswiss.admin.ch/product/output/climate-data/climate-time-series-processing/SMA/dailyevol_SMA_2015_E.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 6 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Z%C3%BCrich%2FFluntern+%28556m%29+2015&rft.place=Zurich-Airport%2C+Switzerland&rft.pub=Swiss+Federal+Office+of+Metreology+and+Climatology%2C+MeteoSwiss&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.meteoswiss.admin.ch%2Fproduct%2Foutput%2Fclimate-data%2Fclimate-time-series-processing%2FSMA%2Fdailyevol_SMA_2015_E.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZurich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MeteoSwissSMA-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MeteoSwissSMA_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220114024640/https://www.meteoswiss.admin.ch/product/output/climate-data/climate-diagrams-normal-values-station-processing/SMA/climsheet_SMA_np9120_e.pdf">"Climate normals Zurich / Fluntern (Reference period 1991–2020)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Zurich-Airport, Switzerland: Swiss Federal Office of Metreology and Climatology, MeteoSwiss. 13 January 2022. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.meteoswiss.admin.ch/product/output/climate-data/climate-diagrams-normal-values-station-processing/SMA/climsheet_SMA_np9120_e.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 14 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Climate+normals+Zurich+%2F+Fluntern+%28Reference+period+1991%E2%80%932020%29&rft.place=Zurich-Airport%2C+Switzerland&rft.pub=Swiss+Federal+Office+of+Metreology+and+Climatology%2C+MeteoSwiss&rft.date=2022-01-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.meteoswiss.admin.ch%2Fproduct%2Foutput%2Fclimate-data%2Fclimate-diagrams-normal-values-station-processing%2FSMA%2Fclimsheet_SMA_np9120_e.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZurich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eca.knmi.nl/indicesextremes/customquerytimeseriesplots.php?optionSelected=station&processtext1=Your+query+is+being+processed.+Please+wait...&countryselect=All+countries%7C**&stationselect=ZUERICH%2FFLUNTERN%5Bch%5D%7C244&categoryselect=All+categories%7C**&indexselect=All+indices%7C**&seasonselect=ANNUAL%7C0&processtext2=Your+query+is+being+processed.+Please+wait...">"Zurich extreme values"</a>. <a href="/wiki/KNMI_(institute)" class="mw-redirect" title="KNMI (institute)">KNMI</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Zurich+extreme+values&rft.pub=KNMI&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feca.knmi.nl%2Findicesextremes%2Fcustomquerytimeseriesplots.php%3FoptionSelected%3Dstation%26processtext1%3DYour%2Bquery%2Bis%2Bbeing%2Bprocessed.%2BPlease%2Bwait...%26countryselect%3DAll%2Bcountries%257C%2A%2A%26stationselect%3DZUERICH%252FFLUNTERN%255Bch%255D%257C244%26categoryselect%3DAll%2Bcategories%257C%2A%2A%26indexselect%3DAll%2Bindices%257C%2A%2A%26seasonselect%3DANNUAL%257C0%26processtext2%3DYour%2Bquery%2Bis%2Bbeing%2Bprocessed.%2BPlease%2Bwait...&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZurich" class="Z3988"></span> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged August 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MeteoSwiss-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MeteoSwiss_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220114034709/https://www.meteoswiss.admin.ch/product/output/climate-data/climate-diagrams-normal-values-station-processing/KLO/climsheet_KLO_np9120_e.pdf">"Climate Normals Zurich / Kloten (Reference period 1991–2020)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Swiss Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology, MeteoSwiss. 13 January 2022. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.meteoswiss.admin.ch/product/output/climate-data/climate-diagrams-normal-values-station-processing/KLO/climsheet_KLO_np9120_e.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 14 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Climate+Normals+Zurich+%2F+Kloten+%28Reference+period+1991%E2%80%932020%29&rft.pub=Swiss+Federal+Office+of+Meteorology+and+Climatology%2C+MeteoSwiss&rft.date=2022-01-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.meteoswiss.admin.ch%2Fproduct%2Foutput%2Fclimate-data%2Fclimate-diagrams-normal-values-station-processing%2FKLO%2Fclimsheet_KLO_np9120_e.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZurich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.infoclimat.fr/climatologie/normales-records/1991-2020/zurich-kloten/valeurs/06670.html">"Normales et records 1991–2020 à Zürich/Kloten"</a> (in French). Infoclimat<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Normales+et+records+1991%E2%80%932020+%C3%A0+Z%C3%BCrich%2FKloten&rft.pub=Infoclimat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.infoclimat.fr%2Fclimatologie%2Fnormales-records%2F1991-2020%2Fzurich-kloten%2Fvaleurs%2F06670.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZurich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-noaa-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-noaa_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_VI/SW/06660.TXT">"Zürich (06660) – WMO Weather Station"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">NOAA</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230922022915/ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_VI/SW/06660.TXT">Archived</a> from the original on 22 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Z%C3%BCrich+%2806660%29+%E2%80%93+WMO+Weather+Station&rft.pub=NOAA&rft_id=ftp%3A%2F%2Fftp.atdd.noaa.gov%2Fpub%2FGCOS%2FWMO-Normals%2FTABLES%2FREG_VI%2FSW%2F06660.TXT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZurich" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ia601508.us.archive.org/26/items/19611990NormalsNOAAZuerich/1961-1990%20normals%20NOAA%20-%20Zuerich.TXT">Archived</a> 19 February 2019, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://climechart.com/en/climate-change/zurich/switzerland">"Climate Change of Zurich, Switzerland"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Climate+Change+of+Zurich%2C+Switzerland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fclimechart.com%2Fen%2Fclimate-change%2Fzurich%2Fswitzerland&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZurich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120309184744/http://www.stadt-zuerich.ch/prd/de/index/statistik/politik/abstimmungen/abstimmung_2008_11_30.html">"Results of the vote of 30. November 2008"</a> (in German). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stadt-zuerich.ch/prd/de/index/statistik/politik/abstimmungen/abstimmung_2008_11_30.html">the original</a> on 9 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Results+of+the+vote+of+30.+November+2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stadt-zuerich.ch%2Fprd%2Fde%2Findex%2Fstatistik%2Fpolitik%2Fabstimmungen%2Fabstimmung_2008_11_30.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZurich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zurich-relocation.ch/">Public transportation</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230922022915/https://www.zurich-relocation.ch/">Archived</a> 22 September 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> zurich-relocation.com. Retrieved 26 June 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thelocal.ch/20200218/why-zurich-central-is-the-best-rail-station-in-mainland-europe">"Why Zurich Hauptbahnhof is the 'best' train station in mainland Europe"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Local" title="The Local">The Local</a></i>. 18 February 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210116181931/https://www.thelocal.ch/20200218/why-zurich-central-is-the-best-rail-station-in-mainland-europe">Archived</a> from the original on 16 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Local&rft.atitle=Why+Zurich+Hauptbahnhof+is+the+%27best%27+train+station+in+mainland+Europe&rft.date=2020-02-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thelocal.ch%2F20200218%2Fwhy-zurich-central-is-the-best-rail-station-in-mainland-europe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZurich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stadt-zuerich.ch/ted/de/index/taz/publikationen_u_broschueren/masterplan_velo.html/">Masterplan Velo</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170630164124/https://www.stadt-zuerich.ch/ted/de/index/taz/publikationen_u_broschueren/masterplan_velo.html">Archived</a> 30 June 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Stadt Zürich. Retrieved 29 November 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHandyVan_WeeKroesen2014" class="citation journal cs1">Handy, Susan; Van Wee, Bert; Kroesen, Maarten (2014). "Promoting Cycling for Transport: Research Needs and Challenges". <i>Transport Reviews</i>. <b>34</b>: 4–24. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F01441647.2013.860204">10.1080/01441647.2013.860204</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:109056290">109056290</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transport+Reviews&rft.atitle=Promoting+Cycling+for+Transport%3A+Research+Needs+and+Challenges&rft.volume=34&rft.pages=4-24&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F01441647.2013.860204&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A109056290%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Handy&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft.au=Van+Wee%2C+Bert&rft.au=Kroesen%2C+Maarten&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZurich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nzz.ch/zuerich/mit-dem-velo-in-den-autobahntunnel-1.17516011./">Mit dem Velo in den Autobahntunnel</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged February 2018">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup> <i>Neue Zürcher Zeitung</i>. Retrieved 29 November 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFassbind2016" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Fassbind, Tina (29 March 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tagesanzeiger.ch/die-stadt-bremst-velofahrer-am-hb-aus-332078070552">"Die Stadt bremst Velofahrer am HB aus"</a>. <i>Tages-Anzeiger</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160821211242/http://www.tagesanzeiger.ch/zuerich/stadt/die-stadt-bremst-velofahrer-am-hb-aus/story/23770090">Archived</a> from the original on 21 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tages-Anzeiger&rft.atitle=Die+Stadt+bremst+Velofahrer+am+HB+aus&rft.date=2016-03-29&rft.aulast=Fassbind&rft.aufirst=Tina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tagesanzeiger.ch%2Fdie-stadt-bremst-velofahrer-am-hb-aus-332078070552&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZurich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.provelozuerich.ch/magazin/velo-politik-bau/ist-der-masterplan-velo-bereits-gescheitert/">"Ist der Masterplan Velo bereits gescheitert?"</a>. <i>Pro Velo Kanton Zürich</i> (in German). 10 March 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161220110706/http://www.provelozuerich.ch/blog/ist-der-masterplan-velo-bereits-gescheitert/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pro+Velo+Kanton+Z%C3%BCrich&rft.atitle=Ist+der+Masterplan+Velo+bereits+gescheitert%3F&rft.date=2016-03-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.provelozuerich.ch%2Fmagazin%2Fvelo-politik-bau%2Fist-der-masterplan-velo-bereits-gescheitert%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZurich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stadt-zuerich.ch/ted/de/index/departement/stadtrat_filippo_leutenegger/tagblatt_kolumnen/160413_lieber-dave-durner.html/">Lieber Dave Durner</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged September 2018">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup> Stadt Zürich. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Geschichte&rft.pub=Evangelisch+reformierte+Kirchgemeinde+Fraum%C3%BCnster&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fraumuenster.ch%2Fdas-fraumunster%2Fgeschichte%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZurich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.st-peter-zh.ch/012_historisches.html">"Aus der Geschichte der Kirche St. Peter Zürich"</a> (official website) (in German). Evangelisch-reformierte Kirchgemeinde St. Peter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141029230403/http://www.st-peter-zh.ch/012_historisches.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 October 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Aus+der+Geschichte+der+Kirche+St.+Peter+Z%C3%BCrich&rft.pub=Evangelisch-reformierte+Kirchgemeinde+St.+Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.st-peter-zh.ch%2F012_historisches.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZurich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kunsthaus.ch">"Kunsthaus Zürich – das Kunstmuseum in Zürich"</a>. Kunsthaus.ch. 30 June 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110222033840/http://www.kunsthaus.ch/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 February 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kunsthaus+Z%C3%BCrich+%E2%80%93+das+Kunstmuseum+in+Z%C3%BCrich&rft.pub=Kunsthaus.ch&rft.date=2008-06-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kunsthaus.ch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZurich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.landesmuseum.ch/en/services/collection">"Collection"</a>. <i>Swiss National Museum</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230411045648/https://www.landesmuseum.ch/en/services/collection">Archived</a> from the original on 11 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Swiss+National+Museum&rft.atitle=Collection&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.landesmuseum.ch%2Fen%2Fservices%2Fcollection&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZurich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.landesmuseum.ch/en/your-visit/information-for-visitors">"Visitor information for the National Museum Zurich"</a>. <i>Swiss National Museum</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230411045648/https://www.landesmuseum.ch/en/your-visit/information-for-visitors">Archived</a> from the original on 11 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Swiss+National+Museum&rft.atitle=Visitor+information+for+the+National+Museum+Zurich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.landesmuseum.ch%2Fen%2Fyour-visit%2Finformation-for-visitors&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZurich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.museum-gestaltung.ch/E_welcome.html">"Home Museum Gestaltung"</a>. Museum-gestaltung.ch. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130925060503/http://www.museum-gestaltung.ch/E_welcome.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Home+Museum+Gestaltung&rft.pub=Museum-gestaltung.ch&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.museum-gestaltung.ch%2FE_welcome.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZurich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hauskonstruktiv.ch">"Haus Konstruktiv"</a>. Hauskonstruktiv.ch. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130925062905/http://www.hauskonstruktiv.ch/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Haus+Konstruktiv&rft.pub=Hauskonstruktiv.ch&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hauskonstruktiv.ch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZurich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928023414/http://www.zoo.ch/index.php?L=3">"Home"</a>. <i>Zoo Zürich</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zoo.ch/de/home">the original</a> on 28 September 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Zoo+Z%C3%BCrich&rft.atitle=Home&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zoo.ch%2Fde%2Fhome&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZurich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zuerich.com/nature">"Uetliberg – Zurich – Your city – Official Website of Zurich Tourism"</a>. Zuerich.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230922022917/https://www.zuerich.com/en/discover-zurich">Archived</a> from the original on 22 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Uetliberg+%E2%80%93+Zurich+%E2%80%93+Your+city+%E2%80%93+Official+Website+of+Zurich+Tourism&rft.pub=Zuerich.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zuerich.com%2Fnature&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZurich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KuB-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-KuB_91-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stadt-zuerich.ch/hbd/de/index/hochbau/kunst_und_bau/werke_kub/kub_werke_kr_1/ah1_giacometti.html">"Kunst und Bau Amtshaus I"</a>. <i>Stadt Zürich Hochbaudepartement</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211211025515/https://www.stadt-zuerich.ch/hbd/de/index/hochbau/kunst_und_bau/werke_kub/kub_werke_kr_1/ah1_giacometti.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stadt+Z%C3%BCrich+Hochbaudepartement&rft.atitle=Kunst+und+Bau+Amtshaus+I&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stadt-zuerich.ch%2Fhbd%2Fde%2Findex%2Fhochbau%2Fkunst_und_bau%2Fwerke_kub%2Fkub_werke_kr_1%2Fah1_giacometti.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZurich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blincmagazine.com/forum/incidents/41734-world-acquaintance-basejumper-after-leap-sunrise-tower-heavily-injures.html">"BASE jumping :: BASEJumping.tv @ BLiNC Magazine"</a>. Blincmagazine.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120319042215/http://www.blincmagazine.com/forum/incidents/41734-world-acquaintance-basejumper-after-leap-sunrise-tower-heavily-injures.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BASE+jumping+%3A%3A+BASEJumping.tv+%40+BLiNC+Magazine&rft.pub=Blincmagazine.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blincmagazine.com%2Fforum%2Fincidents%2F41734-world-acquaintance-basejumper-after-leap-sunrise-tower-heavily-injures.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZurich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStadtverwaltung_Zuerich" class="citation web cs1">Stadtverwaltung Zuerich. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stadt-zuerich.ch/internet/as/home/inhaltsverzeichnis/7/700/100/1169557186053.html">"Bauordnung der Stadt Zürich"</a>. Stadt-zuerich.ch. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120309184701/http://www.stadt-zuerich.ch/internet/as/home/inhaltsverzeichnis/7/700/100/1169557186053.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bauordnung+der+Stadt+Z%C3%BCrich&rft.pub=Stadt-zuerich.ch&rft.au=Stadtverwaltung+Zuerich&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stadt-zuerich.ch%2Finternet%2Fas%2Fhome%2Finhaltsverzeichnis%2F7%2F700%2F100%2F1169557186053.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZurich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tagesanzeiger.ch/zuerich/region/Sind-40-Meter-wirklich-genug/story/16648490"><i>40 Meter sind den Zürchern nicht genug.</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091208023025/http://www.tagesanzeiger.ch/zuerich/region/Sind-40-Meter-wirklich-genug/story/16648490">Archived</a> 8 December 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>Tages Anzeiger</i>. Retrieved 5 December 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UNESCO-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UNESCO_95-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1363/">"UNESCO World Heritage Site – Prehistoric Pile dwellings around the Alps"</a>. UNESCO. 27 June 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20240526204352/https://www.webcitation.org/6JPlINq4o?url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1363/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UNESCO+World+Heritage+Site+%E2%80%93+Prehistoric+Pile+dwellings+around+the+Alps&rft.pub=UNESCO&rft.date=2011-06-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F1363%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZurich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stadt-zuerich.ch/prd/de/index/statistik/themen/wirtschaft/wertschoepfung.html">"Wertschöpfung – Stadt Zürich"</a>. <i>www.stadt-zuerich.ch</i> (in German). 30 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.stadt-zuerich.ch&rft.atitle=Wertsch%C3%B6pfung+%E2%80%93+Stadt+Z%C3%BCrich&rft.date=2011-06-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stadt-zuerich.ch%2Fprd%2Fde%2Findex%2Fstatistik%2Fthemen%2Fwirtschaft%2Fwertschoepfung.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZurich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stadt-zuerich.ch/prd/de/index/statistik/themen/wirtschaft.html">"Wirtschaft – Stadt Zürich"</a>. <i>www.stadt-zuerich.ch</i> (in German). 22 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.stadt-zuerich.ch&rft.atitle=Wirtschaft+%E2%80%93+Stadt+Z%C3%BCrich&rft.date=2024-03-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stadt-zuerich.ch%2Fprd%2Fde%2Findex%2Fstatistik%2Fthemen%2Fwirtschaft.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZurich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-World's_10_Most_Powerful_Cities-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-World's_10_Most_Powerful_Cities_98-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.prlog.org/10438458-worlds-10-most-powerful-cities.html">"World's 10 Most Powerful Cities"</a>. <i>PRLog</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120127033812/http://www.prlog.org/10438458-worlds-10-most-powerful-cities.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 January 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PRLog&rft.atitle=World%27s+10+Most+Powerful+Cities&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.prlog.org%2F10438458-worlds-10-most-powerful-cities.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZurich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170611000617/http://www.longfinance.net/images/gfci/gfci_21.pdf">"The Global Financial Centres Index 21"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Long Finance. March 2017. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kunstzuerich.ch&rft.atitle=Kunst+Z%C3%BCrich+2007+%26%23124%3B+Kunstmesse+Z%C3%BCrich&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kunstzuerich.ch%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZurich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.srf.ch/play/radio/musikwelle-magazin/audio/sechselaeuten-marsch-sein-weg-in-die-schweiz?id=a862835b-380e-4ff5-ad9a-aada36ec5f5e">"Sechseläuten-Marsch: Sein Weg in die Schweiz – Radio"</a>. <i>Play SRF</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191005233839/https://www.srf.ch/play/radio/musikwelle-magazin/audio/sechselaeuten-marsch-sein-weg-in-die-schweiz%3Fid%3Da862835b-380e-4ff5-ad9a-aada36ec5f5e">Archived</a> from the original on 5 October 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Play+SRF&rft.atitle=Sechsel%C3%A4uten-Marsch%3A+Sein+Weg+in+die+Schweiz+%E2%80%93+Radio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.srf.ch%2Fplay%2Fradio%2Fmusikwelle-magazin%2Faudio%2Fsechselaeuten-marsch-sein-weg-in-die-schweiz%3Fid%3Da862835b-380e-4ff5-ad9a-aada36ec5f5e&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZurich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101130015407/http://www.worldradio.ch/wrs/onair/winter2008/zurich-swiss-urbanism-at-its-best.shtml?12397">"Zurich: Swiss urbanism at its best"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Z%C3%BCrich+Culture&rft.pub=Worldtravelguide.net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldtravelguide.net%2Fcity%2F138%2Fculture%2FEurope%2FZurich.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZurich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090318161240/http://www.theaterspektakel.ch/(cyneig45iqfbdv2qwogr1w55)/Frames/index.aspx?Page=default&Parm=">"Theaterspektakel"</a>. Theaterspektakel.ch. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theaterspektakel.ch/(cyneig45iqfbdv2qwogr1w55)/Frames/index.aspx?Page=default&Parm=">the original</a> on 18 March 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Theaterspektakel&rft.pub=Theaterspektakel.ch&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theaterspektakel.ch%2F%28cyneig45iqfbdv2qwogr1w55%29%2FFrames%2Findex.aspx%3FPage%3Ddefault%26Parm%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZurich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zurich-relocation.ch/content/leisure/sports.html">Sport</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100708073631/http://www.zurich-relocation.ch/content/leisure/sports.html">Archived</a> 8 July 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> zurich-relocation.ch. Retrieved 14 July 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lacrosse-sg.ch/lacrosse/">"Lacrosse Sport Überblick – Lacrosse Verein St. Gallen"</a> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230213125847/https://lacrosse-sg.ch/lacrosse/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lacrosse+Sport+%C3%9Cberblick+%E2%80%93+Lacrosse+Verein+St.+Gallen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flacrosse-sg.ch%2Flacrosse%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZurich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoberts2010" class="citation news cs1">Roberts, Barry (19 August 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/general/athletics/oliver-prepared-for-the-one-day-olympics-2056134.html">"Oliver prepared for the 'one-day Olympics'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180627013815/https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/general/athletics/oliver-prepared-for-the-one-day-olympics-2056134.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Oliver+prepared+for+the+%27one-day+Olympics%27&rft.date=2010-08-19&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Barry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fsport%2Fgeneral%2Fathletics%2Foliver-prepared-for-the-one-day-olympics-2056134.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZurich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120309043122/http://www.weltklassezuerich.ch/assets/files/2008/ZurichWR.pdf">"weltklassezuerich.ch. Retrieved 14 July 2010"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.weltklassezuerich.ch/assets/files/2008/ZurichWR.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 9 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=weltklassezuerich.ch.+Retrieved+14+July+2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.weltklassezuerich.ch%2Fassets%2Ffiles%2F2008%2FZurichWR.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZurich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.weltklassezuerich.ch/en/news/newsbits-english/Zurich-is-number-one-with-16-Berlin-Champions-competing.html">Zürich is number one with 16 Berlin Champions competing</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110707005057/http://www.weltklassezuerich.ch/en/news/newsbits-english/Zurich-is-number-one-with-16-Berlin-Champions-competing.html">Archived</a> 7 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> weltklassezuerich.ch. Retrieved 14 July 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110721054753/https://supersport.com/athletics/article.aspx?id=283226&print=1">"IAAF considers expanded Golden League"</a>. <i>supersport.com</i>. 6 January 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://supersport.com/athletics/article.aspx?id=283226&print=1">the original</a> on 21 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=supersport.com&rft.atitle=IAAF+considers+expanded+Golden+League&rft.date=2009-01-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsupersport.com%2Fathletics%2Farticle.aspx%3Fid%3D283226%26print%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZurich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Swissinfo-Matthew-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Swissinfo-Matthew_129-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatthew2007" class="citation web cs1">Matthew, Allen (31 August 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/new-letzigrund-opening-ends-euro-2008-saga/970002">"Letzigrund opening"</a>. Swissinfo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150213210923/http://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/new-letzigrund-opening-ends-euro-2008-saga/970002">Archived</a> from the original on 13 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Letzigrund+opening&rft.pub=Swissinfo&rft.date=2007-08-31&rft.aulast=Matthew&rft.aufirst=Allen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.swissinfo.ch%2Feng%2Fnew-letzigrund-opening-ends-euro-2008-saga%2F970002&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZurich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/the-schwamendingen-x-zurich-switzerland">"The Schwamendingen X – Zurich, Switzerland"</a>. <i>Atlas Obscura</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210113004837/https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/the-schwamendingen-x-zurich-switzerland">Archived</a> from the original on 13 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Atlas+Obscura&rft.atitle=The+Schwamendingen+X+%E2%80%93+Zurich%2C+Switzerland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.atlasobscura.com%2Fplaces%2Fthe-schwamendingen-x-zurich-switzerland&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZurich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/der-trauerautomat">"Der Trauerautomat – Zurich, Switzerland"</a>. <i>Atlas Obscura</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210112114339/https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/der-trauerautomat">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Atlas+Obscura&rft.atitle=Der+Trauerautomat+%E2%80%93+Zurich%2C+Switzerland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.atlasobscura.com%2Fplaces%2Fder-trauerautomat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZurich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/oepfelchammer">"Oepfelchammer – Zurich, Switzerland"</a>. <i>Atlas Obscura</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210113063819/https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/oepfelchammer">Archived</a> from the original on 13 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Atlas+Obscura&rft.atitle=Oepfelchammer+%E2%80%93+Zurich%2C+Switzerland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.atlasobscura.com%2Fplaces%2Foepfelchammer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZurich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zurich&action=edit&section=58" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architecture_2">Architecture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zurich&action=edit&section=59" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Hönig, Roderick: <i>Zürich wird gebaut. Architekturführer Zürich 1990–2010</i>. Hochparterre, Zurich 2010, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-85881-127-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-85881-127-1">978-3-85881-127-1</a>.</li> <li>Oechslin, Werner: <i>Hochschulstadt Zürich. Bauten der ETH 1855–2005</i>. GTA, Zurich 2005, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-85676-154-3" title="Special:BookSources/3-85676-154-3">3-85676-154-3</a>.</li> <li>Bonte, Alexander, Bürkle, J. Christoph: <i>Max Dudler Die neue Dichte – Der neue Stadtteil Europaallee und die Pädagogische Hochschule Zürich</i>, Jovis, Berlin 2012, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-86859-198-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-86859-198-9">978-3-86859-198-9</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Culture_2">Culture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zurich&action=edit&section=60" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Kröger, Ute: <i>Zürich, du mein blaues Wunder. Literarische Streifzüge durch eine europäische Kulturstadt</i>. Limmat, Zurich 2004, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-85791-447-5" title="Special:BookSources/3-85791-447-5">3-85791-447-5</a>.</li> <li>Staub, Ueli: <i>Jazzstadt Zürich. Von Louis Armstrong bis Zürich Jazz Orchestra</i>. <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Neue Zürcher Zeitung</i></span>, Zurich 2003, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-03823-012-X" title="Special:BookSources/3-03823-012-X">3-03823-012-X</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Others">Others</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zurich&action=edit&section=61" title="Edit section: Others"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Foppa, Daniel: <i>Berühmte und vergessene Tote auf Zürichs Friedhöfen</i>. <a href="/wiki/Limmat_Verlag" title="Limmat Verlag">Limmat</a>, Zurich 2003, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-85791-446-7" title="Special:BookSources/3-85791-446-7">3-85791-446-7</a>.</li> <li>Hegi, Christof u. a.: <i>Zürich</i>. Mairs, Ostfildern 2006, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-8297-0315-5" title="Special:BookSources/3-8297-0315-5">3-8297-0315-5</a> (= <i>Marco Polo Reiseführer</i>).</li> <li>Heimgartner, Susanna: <i>Zürich komplett</i>. Regenbogen, Zurich 2005, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-85862-458-6" title="Special:BookSources/3-85862-458-6">3-85862-458-6</a> (= <i>Regenbogen Reiseführer</i>).</li> <li>Smith, Duncan J. D.: <i>Nur in Zürich – Ein Reiseführer zu einzigartigen Orten, geheimen Plätzen und ungewöhnlichen Sehenswürdigkeiten</i> (übersetzt von Walter Goidinger), Brandstätter, Wien 2012, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-85033-546-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-85033-546-1">978-3-85033-546-1</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zurich&action=edit&section=62" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Zurich#Q72" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Zurich">Zurich</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Zurich" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Special:Search/Zurich">Zurich</a></b></div></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stadt-zuerich.ch/">Stadt Zürich</a> – official website <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stadt-zuerich.ch/en">City of Zurich</a> – official website <span class="languageicon">(in English)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zuerich.com/en/welcome.cfm">Zurich Tourism</a> – official website</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121002021302/http://www.zurichcci.ch/">Zurich Chamber of Commerce</a> – official website</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zueritipp.ch/">Event & Pleasure Calendar</a> by <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Tages-Anzeiger" title="Tages-Anzeiger">Tages-Anzeiger</a></i></span> (newspaper) <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://travel.nytimes.com/travel/guides/europe/switzerland/zurich/overview.html">NYT Travel Guide</a> by <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">East Germany</a> (1975)</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/World_Gymnaestrada" title="World Gymnaestrada">World Gymnaestrada</a> host city </b><br />1982 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Herning" title="Herning">Herning</a>, Denmark (1987)</div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Template:Z%C3%BCrich" title="Template:Zürich"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Z%C3%BCrich" title="Template talk:Zürich"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Z%C3%BCrich" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Zürich"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Zurich" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Zurich</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdivisions of Zürich">Districts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altstadt_(Z%C3%BCrich)" class="mw-redirect" title="Altstadt (Zürich)">Altstadt (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_2_(Z%C3%BCrich)" title="District 2 (Zürich)">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiedikon" title="Wiedikon">Wiedikon (3)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aussersihl" title="Aussersihl">Aussersihl (4)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industriequartier_(Z%C3%BCrich)" title="Industriequartier (Zürich)">Industriequartier (5)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_6_(Z%C3%BCrich)" title="District 6 (Zürich)">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_7_(Z%C3%BCrich)" title="District 7 (Zürich)">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riesbach" title="Riesbach">Riesbach (8)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_9_(Z%C3%BCrich)" title="District 9 (Zürich)">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_10_(Z%C3%BCrich)" title="District 10 (Zürich)">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_11_(Z%C3%BCrich)" title="District 11 (Zürich)">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwamendingen" title="Schwamendingen">Schwamendingen (12)</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Z%C3%BCrich_matt.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wappen_Z%C3%BCrich_matt.svg/35px-Wappen_Z%C3%BCrich_matt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wappen_Z%C3%BCrich_matt.svg/53px-Wappen_Z%C3%BCrich_matt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wappen_Z%C3%BCrich_matt.svg/70px-Wappen_Z%C3%BCrich_matt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="406" data-file-height="492" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich_S-Bahn" class="mw-redirect" title="Zürich S-Bahn">Zürich S-Bahn</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Public_transport_in_Z%C3%BCrich" title="Template:Public transport in Zürich">template</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zurich_Airport" title="Zurich Airport">Zurich Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funicular_Rigiblick" title="Funicular Rigiblick">Funicular Rigiblick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolderbahn" title="Dolderbahn">Dolderbahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polybahn" title="Polybahn">Polybahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glattalbahn" title="Glattalbahn">Glattalbahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limmattal_light_rail_line" title="Limmattal light rail line">Limmattal light rail line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrichsee-Schifffahrtsgesellschaft" class="mw-redirect" title="Zürichsee-Schifffahrtsgesellschaft">Zürichsee-Schifffahrtsgesellschaft</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ETH_Zurich" title="ETH Zurich">ETH Zurich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Zurich" title="University of Zurich">University of Zurich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kantonsschule_R%C3%A4mib%C3%BChl" title="Kantonsschule Rämibühl">Kantonsschule Rämibühl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kantonsschule_Stadelhofen" title="Kantonsschule Stadelhofen">Kantonsschule Stadelhofen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kantonsschule_Z%C3%BCrich_Nord" title="Kantonsschule Zürich Nord">Kantonsschule Zürich Nord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liceo_Vermigli" title="Liceo Vermigli">Liceo Vermigli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Schools for foreign students in the Zurich area, outside the city limits, include <a href="/wiki/Lyc%C3%A9e_fran%C3%A7ais_Marie_Curie_de_Zurich" title="Lycée français Marie Curie de Zurich">Lycée français Marie Curie de Zurich</a> (in Dubendorf) and <a href="/wiki/Japanese_School_in_Zurich" title="Japanese School in Zurich">Japanese School in Zurich</a> (in Uster)</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cities_in_Switzerland_by_population" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cities_in_Switzerland" title="Template:Cities in Switzerland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cities_in_Switzerland" title="Template talk:Cities in Switzerland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cities_in_Switzerland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cities in Switzerland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cities_in_Switzerland_by_population" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/City" title="City">Cities</a> in <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> by population</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">300,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Zurich</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Switzerland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Switzerland"><img alt="Flag of Switzerland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/50px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/75px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/100px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">200,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">100,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bern" title="Bern">Bern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lausanne" title="Lausanne">Lausanne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winterthur" title="Winterthur">Winterthur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">30,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biel/Bienne" title="Biel/Bienne">Bienne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chur" title="Chur">Chur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fribourg" title="Fribourg">Fribourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6niz" title="Köniz">Köniz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Chaux-de-Fonds" title="La Chaux-de-Fonds">La Chaux-de-Fonds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucerne" title="Lucerne">Lucerne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lugano" title="Lugano">Lugano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Gallen" title="St. Gallen">St. Gallen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sion,_Switzerland" title="Sion, Switzerland">Sion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schaffhausen" title="Schaffhausen">Schaffhausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thun" title="Thun">Thun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uster" title="Uster">Uster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernier,_Switzerland" title="Vernier, Switzerland">Vernier</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">15,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aarau" title="Aarau">Aarau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adliswil" title="Adliswil">Adliswil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allschwil" title="Allschwil">Allschwil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baar,_Switzerland" title="Baar, Switzerland">Baar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baden,_Switzerland" title="Baden, Switzerland">Baden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellinzona" title="Bellinzona">Bellinzona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgdorf,_Switzerland" title="Burgdorf, Switzerland">Burgdorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carouge" title="Carouge">Carouge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dietikon" title="Dietikon">Dietikon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmen,_Switzerland" title="Emmen, Switzerland">Emmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frauenfeld" title="Frauenfeld">Frauenfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gossau,_St._Gallen" title="Gossau, St. Gallen">Gossau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenchen" title="Grenchen">Grenchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herisau" title="Herisau">Herisau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horgen" title="Horgen">Horgen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kloten" title="Kloten">Kloten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kreuzlingen" title="Kreuzlingen">Kreuzlingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kriens" title="Kriens">Kriens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancy" title="Lancy">Lancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Littau" title="Littau">Littau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locarno" title="Locarno">Locarno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meyrin" title="Meyrin">Meyrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monthey" title="Monthey">Monthey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreux" title="Montreux">Montreux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muttenz" title="Muttenz">Muttenz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyon" title="Nyon">Nyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olten" title="Olten">Olten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onex,_Switzerland" title="Onex, Switzerland">Onex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostermundigen" title="Ostermundigen">Ostermundigen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratteln" title="Pratteln">Pratteln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapperswil-Jona" title="Rapperswil-Jona">Rapperswil-Jona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regensdorf" title="Regensdorf">Regensdorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renens" title="Renens">Renens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwyz" title="Schwyz">Schwyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierre" title="Sierre">Sierre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solothurn" title="Solothurn">Solothurn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiez" title="Spiez">Spiez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steffisburg" title="Steffisburg">Steffisburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thalwil" title="Thalwil">Thalwil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vevey" title="Vevey">Vevey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volketswil" title="Volketswil">Volketswil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C3%A4denswil" title="Wädenswil">Wädenswil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wettingen" title="Wettingen">Wettingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wetzikon" title="Wetzikon">Wetzikon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wil" title="Wil">Wil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yverdon-les-Bains" title="Yverdon-les-Bains">Yverdon-les-Bains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zollikon" title="Zollikon">Zollikon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zug" title="Zug">Zug</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cantons_and_capitals_of_Switzerland_Three_CantonsEight_CantonsThirteen_CantonsFlags_and_coats_of_arms" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks plainlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Template:Cantons of Switzerland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Template talk:Cantons of Switzerland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cantons of Switzerland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cantons_and_capitals_of_Switzerland_Three_CantonsEight_CantonsThirteen_CantonsFlags_and_coats_of_arms" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Cantons of Switzerland">Cantons and capitals of Switzerland</a><br /><div class="hlist"><ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"> <i><a href="/wiki/Waldst%C3%A4tte" title="Waldstätte">Three Cantons</a></i></span></li><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><i><a href="/wiki/Eight_Cantons" class="mw-redirect" title="Eight Cantons">Eight Cantons</a></i></span></li><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><i><a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Cantons" class="mw-redirect" title="Thirteen Cantons">Thirteen Cantons</a></i></span></li><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Flags_and_arms_of_cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Flags and arms of cantons of Switzerland">Flags and coats of arms</a></span></li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Present-day cantons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aargau" title="Aargau">Aargau (AG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appenzell_Ausserrhoden" title="Appenzell Ausserrhoden">Appenzell Ausserrhoden (AR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appenzell_Innerrhoden" title="Appenzell Innerrhoden">Appenzell Innerrhoden (AI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basel-Landschaft" title="Basel-Landschaft">Basel-Landschaft (BL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basel-Stadt" title="Basel-Stadt">Basel-Stadt (BS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Bern" title="Canton of Bern">Bern (BE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Fribourg" title="Canton of Fribourg">Fribourg (FR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Geneva" title="Canton of Geneva">Geneva (GE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Glarus" title="Canton of Glarus">Glarus (GL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grisons" title="Grisons">Grisons (GR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Jura" title="Canton of Jura">Jura (JU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Lucerne" title="Canton of Lucerne">Lucerne (LU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Canton of Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel (NE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nidwalden" title="Nidwalden">Nidwalden (NW)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obwalden" title="Obwalden">Obwalden (OW)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Schaffhausen" title="Canton of Schaffhausen">Schaffhausen (SH)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Schwyz" title="Canton of Schwyz">Schwyz (SZ)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Solothurn" title="Canton of Solothurn">Solothurn (SO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_St._Gallen" title="Canton of St. Gallen">St. Gallen (SG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurgau" title="Thurgau">Thurgau (TG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ticino" title="Ticino">Ticino (TI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Uri" title="Canton of Uri">Uri (UR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valais" title="Valais">Valais (VS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaud" title="Vaud">Vaud (VD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Zug" title="Canton of Zug">Zug (ZG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Zürich">Zürich (ZH)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Capitals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aarau" title="Aarau">Aarau (AG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altdorf,_Uri" title="Altdorf, Uri">Altdorf (UR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appenzell_(village)" title="Appenzell (village)">Appenzell (AI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel (BS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellinzona" title="Bellinzona">Bellinzona (TI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bern" title="Bern">Bern (BE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chur" title="Chur">Chur (GR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Del%C3%A9mont" title="Delémont">Delémont (JU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frauenfeld" title="Frauenfeld">Frauenfeld (TG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fribourg" title="Fribourg">Fribourg (FR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva (GE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glarus" title="Glarus">Glarus (GL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herisau" title="Herisau">Herisau (AR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lausanne" title="Lausanne">Lausanne (VD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liestal" title="Liestal">Liestal (BL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucerne" title="Lucerne">Lucerne (LU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel (NE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarnen" title="Sarnen">Sarnen (OW)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schaffhausen" title="Schaffhausen">Schaffhausen (SH)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwyz" title="Schwyz">Schwyz (SZ)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sion,_Switzerland" title="Sion, Switzerland">Sion (VS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solothurn" title="Solothurn">Solothurn (SO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stans" title="Stans">Stans (NW)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Gallen" title="St. Gallen">St. Gallen (SG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zug" title="Zug">Zug (ZG)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Zurich (ZH)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical cantons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appenzell" title="Appenzell">Appenzell (-1597)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Basel" title="Canton of Basel">Basel (-1833)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outer_Schwyz" title="Outer Schwyz">Outer Schwyz (-1833)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unterwalden" title="Unterwalden">Unterwalden (-15th century)</a></li> <li><i>Helvetic Republic</i> (-1803): <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Baden" title="Canton of Baden">Baden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Bellinzona" title="Canton of Bellinzona">Bellinzona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Fricktal" title="Canton of Fricktal">Fricktal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_L%C3%A9man" title="Canton of Léman">Léman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Linth" title="Canton of Linth">Linth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Lugano" title="Canton of Lugano">Lugano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Oberland" title="Canton of Oberland">Oberland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Raetia" title="Canton of Raetia">Raetia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_S%C3%A4ntis" title="Canton of Säntis">Säntis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Waldst%C3%A4tten" title="Canton of Waldstätten">Waldstätten</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists by topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cantonal_legislatures_of_Switzerland" title="List of cantonal legislatures of Switzerland">Legislatures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cantonal_executives_of_Switzerland" title="List of cantonal executives of Switzerland">Executives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Swiss_cantons_by_GRP" title="List of Swiss cantons by GRP">By gross regional product (GRP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Swiss_cantons_by_elevation" title="List of Swiss cantons by elevation">By elevation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Capitals_of_European_states_and_territories" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:List_of_European_capitals_by_region" title="Template:List of European capitals by region"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:List_of_European_capitals_by_region" title="Template talk:List of European capitals by region"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:List_of_European_capitals_by_region" title="Special:EditPage/Template:List of European capitals by region"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Capitals_of_European_states_and_territories" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Capitals of European states and territories</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Capitals of <a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">dependent territories</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">states whose sovereignty is disputed</a> shown in <i>italics</i>.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a></b>, Netherlands<sup>1</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Andorra_la_Vella" title="Andorra la Vella">Andorra la Vella</a></b>, Andorra</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a></b>, Turkey<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Astana" title="Astana">Astana</a></b>, Kazakhstan<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a></b>, Greece</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Baku" title="Baku">Baku</a></b>, Azerbaijan<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a></b>, Serbia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></b>, Germany</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bern" title="Bern">Bern</a></b>, Switzerland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bratislava" title="Bratislava">Bratislava</a></b>, Slovakia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a></b>, Belgium<sup>3</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a></b>, Romania</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a></b>, Hungary</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Chi%C8%99in%C4%83u" title="Chișinău">Chișinău</a></b>, Moldova</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a></b>, Denmark</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a></b>, Ireland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a></b>, Finland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a></b>, Ukraine</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a></b>, Portugal</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ljubljana" title="Ljubljana">Ljubljana</a></b>, Slovenia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></b>, United Kingdom</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_City" title="Luxembourg City">Luxembourg</a></b>, Luxembourg</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a></b>, Spain</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Minsk" title="Minsk">Minsk</a></b>, Belarus</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a></b><sup>5</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></b>, Russia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nicosia" title="Nicosia">Nicosia</a></b>, Cyprus<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a></b>, Norway</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a></b>, France</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Podgorica" title="Podgorica">Podgorica</a></b>, Montenegro</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a></b>, Czech Republic</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk" title="Reykjavík">Reykjavík</a></b>, Iceland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga</a></b>, Latvia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a></b>, Italy</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/City_of_San_Marino" title="City of San Marino">San Marino</a></b>, San Marino</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a></b>, Bosnia and Herzegovina</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Skopje" title="Skopje">Skopje</a></b>, North Macedonia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a></b>, Bulgaria</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a></b>, Sweden</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a></b>, Estonia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a></b>, Georgia<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tirana" title="Tirana">Tirana</a></b>, Albania</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vaduz" title="Vaduz">Vaduz</a></b>, Liechtenstein</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Valletta" title="Valletta">Valletta</a></b>, Malta</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a></b><sup>4</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a></b>, Austria</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a></b>, Lithuania</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a></b>, Poland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan">Yerevan</a></b>, Armenia<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a></b>, Croatia</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with<br />limited recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/North_Nicosia" title="North Nicosia">North Nicosia</a></b>, Northern Cyprus</i><sup>2</sup></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Pristina" title="Pristina">Pristina</a></b>, Kosovo</i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sukhumi" title="Sukhumi">Sukhumi</a></b>, Abkhazia</i><sup>2</sup></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tiraspol" title="Tiraspol">Tiraspol</a></b>, Transnistria</i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tskhinvali" title="Tskhinvali">Tskhinvali</a></b>, South Ossetia</i><sup>3</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Constituent countries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></b></i>, England</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a></b></i>, Scotland</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff">Cardiff</a></b></i>, Wales</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Belfast" title="Belfast">Belfast</a></b></i>, Northern Ireland</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Crown_Dependencies" title="Crown Dependencies">Crown Dependencies</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">Overseas Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Douglas,_Isle_of_Man" title="Douglas, Isle of Man">Douglas</a></b></i>, Isle of Man</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Episkopi_Cantonment" title="Episkopi Cantonment">Episkopi Cantonment</a></b></i>, Akrotiri and Dhekelia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></b></i>, Gibraltar</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/St_Helier" title="St Helier">St Helier</a></b></i>, Jersey</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter_Port" title="Saint Peter Port">Saint Peter Port</a></b></i>, Guernsey</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Longyearbyen" title="Longyearbyen">Longyearbyen</a></b>, Svalbard (Norway)</i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/T%C3%B3rshavn" title="Tórshavn">Tórshavn</a></b>, Faroe Islands (Denmark)</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Federal states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Provinces of Austria">Austria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Bregenz" title="Bregenz">Bregenz</a></b></i>, Vorarlberg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Eisenstadt" title="Eisenstadt">Eisenstadt</a></b></i>, Burgenland</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Graz" title="Graz">Graz</a></b></i>, Styria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Innsbruck" title="Innsbruck">Innsbruck</a></b></i>, Tyrol</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Klagenfurt" class="mw-redirect" title="Klagenfurt">Klagenfurt</a></b></i>, Carinthia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Linz" title="Linz">Linz</a></b></i>, Upper Austria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Salzburg" title="Salzburg">Salzburg</a></b></i>, Salzburg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sankt_P%C3%B6lten" title="Sankt Pölten">Sankt Pölten</a></b></i>, Lower Austria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a></b></i>, Vienna</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Communities,_regions_and_language_areas_of_Belgium#Communities" class="mw-redirect" title="Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium">Communities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/City_of_Brussels" title="City of Brussels">Brussels</a></b></i>, Flemish Community and French Community</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Eupen" title="Eupen">Eupen</a></b></i>, German-speaking Community</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Communities,_regions_and_language_areas_of_Belgium#Regions" class="mw-redirect" title="Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/City_of_Brussels" title="City of Brussels">Brussels</a></b></i>, Brussels-Capital Region and Flanders</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Namur" title="Namur">Namur</a></b></i>, Wallonia</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Political_divisions_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Banja_Luka" title="Banja Luka">Banja Luka</a></b></i> (de facto), Republika Srpska</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Br%C4%8Dko" title="Brčko">Brčko</a></b></i>, Brčko District</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a></b></i>, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany">Germany</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></b></i>, Berlin</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Bremen" title="Bremen">Bremen</a></b></i>, Bremen</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Dresden" title="Dresden">Dresden</a></b></i>, Saxony</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a></b></i>, North Rhine-Westphalia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Erfurt" title="Erfurt">Erfurt</a></b></i>, Thuringia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a></b></i>, Hamburg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Hanover" title="Hanover">Hanover</a></b></i>, Lower Saxony</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kiel" title="Kiel">Kiel</a></b></i>, Schleswig-Holstein</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg">Magdeburg</a></b></i>, Saxony-Anhalt</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Mainz" title="Mainz">Mainz</a></b></i>, Rhineland-Palatinate</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a></b></i>, Bavaria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam">Potsdam</a></b></i>, Brandenburg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saarbr%C3%BCcken" title="Saarbrücken">Saarbrücken</a></b></i>, Saarland</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Schwerin" title="Schwerin">Schwerin</a></b></i>, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a></b></i>, Baden-Württemberg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Wiesbaden" title="Wiesbaden">Wiesbaden</a></b></i>, Hesse</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federal_subjects_of_Russia" title="Federal subjects of Russia">Russia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Republics_of_Russia" title="Republics of Russia">Republics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Cheboksary" title="Cheboksary">Cheboksary</a></b></i>, Chuvashia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Cherkessk" title="Cherkessk">Cherkessk</a></b></i>, Karachay-Cherkessia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Elista" title="Elista">Elista</a></b></i>, Kalmykia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Grozny" title="Grozny">Grozny</a></b></i>, Chechnya</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Izhevsk" title="Izhevsk">Izhevsk</a></b></i>, Udmurtia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan">Kazan</a></b></i>, Tatarstan</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Magas" title="Magas">Magas</a></b></i>, Ingushetia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Makhachkala" title="Makhachkala">Makhachkala</a></b></i>, Dagestan</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Maykop" title="Maykop">Maykop</a></b></i>, Adygea</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Nalchik" title="Nalchik">Nalchik</a></b></i>, Kabardino-Balkaria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Petrozavodsk" title="Petrozavodsk">Petrozavodsk</a></b></i>, Karelia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saransk" title="Saransk">Saransk</a></b></i>, Mordovia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Simferopol" title="Simferopol">Simferopol</a></b></i>, Crimea (<a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Crimea" title="Political status of Crimea">disputed</a>)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Syktyvkar" title="Syktyvkar">Syktyvkar</a></b></i>, Komi</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ufa" title="Ufa">Ufa</a></b></i>, Bashkortostan</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vladikavkaz" title="Vladikavkaz">Vladikavkaz</a></b></i>, North Ossetia–Alania</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Yoshkar-Ola" title="Yoshkar-Ola">Yoshkar-Ola</a></b></i>, Mari El</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_okrugs_of_Russia" title="Autonomous okrugs of Russia">Autonomous okrugs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Naryan-Mar" title="Naryan-Mar">Naryan-Mar</a></b></i>, Nenets</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Krais_of_Russia" title="Krais of Russia">Krais</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Krasnodar" title="Krasnodar">Krasnodar</a></b></i>, Krasnodar Krai</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Perm,_Russia" title="Perm, Russia">Perm</a></b></i>, Perm Krai</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Stavropol" title="Stavropol">Stavropol</a></b></i>, Stavropol Krai</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Oblasts_of_Russia" title="Oblasts of Russia">Oblasts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Arkhangelsk" title="Arkhangelsk">Arkhangelsk</a></b></i>, Arkhangelsk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Astrakhan" title="Astrakhan">Astrakhan</a></b></i>, Astrakhan Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Belgorod" title="Belgorod">Belgorod</a></b></i>, Belgorod Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Bryansk" title="Bryansk">Bryansk</a></b></i>, Bryansk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ivanovo" title="Ivanovo">Ivanovo</a></b></i>, Ivanovo Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad">Kaliningrad</a></b></i>, Kaliningrad Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kaluga" title="Kaluga">Kaluga</a></b></i>, Kaluga Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kirov,_Kirov_Oblast" title="Kirov, Kirov Oblast">Kirov</a></b></i>, Kirov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma">Kostroma</a></b></i>, Kostroma Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Krasnogorsk,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Krasnogorsk, Moscow Oblast">Krasnogorsk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></b></i>, Moscow Oblast (de facto)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kursk" title="Kursk">Kursk</a></b></i>, Kursk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Lipetsk" title="Lipetsk">Lipetsk</a></b></i>, Lipetsk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Murmansk" title="Murmansk">Murmansk</a></b></i>, Murmansk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Nizhny_Novgorod" title="Nizhny Novgorod">Nizhny Novgorod</a></b></i>, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Orenburg" title="Orenburg">Orenburg</a></b></i>, Orenburg Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Oryol" title="Oryol">Oryol</a></b></i>, Oryol Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Penza" title="Penza">Penza</a></b></i>, Penza Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Pskov" title="Pskov">Pskov</a></b></i>, Pskov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Rostov-on-Don" title="Rostov-on-Don">Rostov-on-Don</a></b></i>, Rostov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ryazan" title="Ryazan">Ryazan</a></b></i>, Ryazan Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Gatchina" title="Gatchina">Gatchina</a></b></i>, Leningrad Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Samara" title="Samara">Samara</a></b></i>, Samara Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saratov" title="Saratov">Saratov</a></b></i>, Saratov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Smolensk" title="Smolensk">Smolensk</a></b></i>, Smolensk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tambov" title="Tambov">Tambov</a></b></i>, Tambov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tula,_Russia" title="Tula, Russia">Tula</a></b></i>, Tula Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tver" title="Tver">Tver</a></b></i>, Tver Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ulyanovsk" title="Ulyanovsk">Ulyanovsk</a></b></i>, Ulyanovsk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Veliky_Novgorod" title="Veliky Novgorod">Veliky Novgorod</a></b></i>, Novgorod Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vladimir,_Russia" title="Vladimir, Russia">Vladimir</a></b></i>, Vladimir Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd">Volgograd</a></b></i>, Volgograd Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vologda" title="Vologda">Vologda</a></b></i>, Vologda Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Voronezh" title="Voronezh">Voronezh</a></b></i>, Voronezh Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Yaroslavl" title="Yaroslavl">Yaroslavl</a></b></i>, Yaroslavl Oblast</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_cities_of_Russia" title="Federal cities of Russia">Federal cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></b></i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a></b></i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a></b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Crimea" title="Political status of Crimea">disputed</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Cantons of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Aarau" title="Aarau">Aarau</a></b></i>, Aargau</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Altdorf,_Uri" title="Altdorf, Uri">Altdorf</a></b></i>, Uri</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Appenzell_(village)" title="Appenzell (village)">Appenzell</a></b></i>, Appenzell Innerrhoden</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel</a></b></i>, Basel-Stadt</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Bellinzona" title="Bellinzona">Bellinzona</a></b></i>, Ticino</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Chur" title="Chur">Chur</a></b></i>, Grisons</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Del%C3%A9mont" title="Delémont">Delémont</a></b></i>, Jura</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Frauenfeld" title="Frauenfeld">Frauenfeld</a></b></i>, Thurgau</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Fribourg" title="Fribourg">Fribourg</a></b></i>, Canton of Fribourg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a></b></i>, Canton of Geneva</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Herisau" title="Herisau">Herisau</a></b></i>, Appenzell Ausserrhoden</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Lausanne" title="Lausanne">Lausanne</a></b></i>, Vaud</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Liestal" title="Liestal">Liestal</a></b></i>, Basel-Landschaft</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Lucerne" title="Lucerne">Lucerne</a></b></i>, Canton of Lucerne</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel</a></b></i>, Canton of Neuchâtel</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sarnen" title="Sarnen">Sarnen</a></b></i>, Obwalden</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Schaffhausen" title="Schaffhausen">Schaffhausen</a></b></i>, Canton of Schaffhausen</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Schwyz" title="Schwyz">Schwyz</a></b></i>, Canton of Schwyz</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sion,_Switzerland" title="Sion, Switzerland">Sion</a></b></i>, Valais</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Solothurn" title="Solothurn">Solothurn</a></b></i>, Canton of Solothurn</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Stans" title="Stans">Stans</a></b></i>, Nidwalden</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/St._Gallen" title="St. Gallen">St. Gallen</a></b></i>, Canton of St. Gallen</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Glarus" title="Glarus">Glarus</a></b></i>, Canton of Glarus</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Zug" title="Zug">Zug</a></b></i>, Canton of Zug</li> <li><i><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Zurich</a></b></i>, Canton of Zürich</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Autonomous<br />entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Autonomous_regions" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Italy#Autonomous_regions_with_special_statute" title="Regions of Italy">Autonomous regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari">Cagliari</a></b></i>, Sardinia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Palermo</a></b></i>, Sicily</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Trento" title="Trento">Trento</a></b></i>, Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Aosta" title="Aosta">Aosta</a></b></i>, Aosta Valley</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a></b></i>, Friuli Venezia Giulia</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Autonomous_regions" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_regions_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous regions of Portugal">Autonomous regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ponta_Delgada" title="Ponta Delgada">Ponta Delgada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angra_do_Hero%C3%ADsmo" title="Angra do Heroísmo">Angra do Heroísmo</a>, & <a href="/wiki/Horta,_Azores" title="Horta, Azores">Horta</a></b></i>, Azores</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Funchal" title="Funchal">Funchal</a></b></i>, Madeira</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a></b></i>, Catalonia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Las_Palmas" title="Las Palmas">Las Palmas</a></b></i> & <i><b><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_Tenerife" title="Santa Cruz de Tenerife">Santa Cruz de Tenerife</a></b></i>, Canary Islands</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Logro%C3%B1o" title="Logroño">Logroño</a></b></i>, La Rioja</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a></b></i>, Community of Madrid</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9rida,_Spain" title="Mérida, Spain">Mérida</a></b></i>, Extremadura</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Murcia" title="Murcia">Murcia</a></b></i>, Region of Murcia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Oviedo" title="Oviedo">Oviedo</a></b></i>, Asturias</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Palma_de_Mallorca" title="Palma de Mallorca">Palma de Mallorca</a></b></i>, Balearic Islands</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Pamplona" title="Pamplona">Pamplona</a></b></i>, Navarre</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Santander,_Spain" title="Santander, Spain">Santander</a></b></i>, Cantabria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Santiago de Compostela">Santiago de Compostela</a></b></i>, Galicia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Seville" title="Seville">Seville</a></b></i>, Andalusia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Spain" title="Toledo, Spain">Toledo</a></b></i>, Castilla–La Mancha (de facto)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Valencia" title="Valencia">Valencia</a></b></i>, Valencian Community</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Valladolid" title="Valladolid">Valladolid</a></b></i>, Castile and León (de facto)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vitoria-Gasteiz" title="Vitoria-Gasteiz">Vitoria-Gasteiz</a></b></i>, Basque Country (de facto)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Zaragoza" title="Zaragoza">Zaragoza</a></b></i>, Aragon</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ajaccio" title="Ajaccio">Ajaccio</a></b></i>, Corsica Collectivité (France)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Batumi" title="Batumi">Batumi</a></b></i>, Adjara (Georgia)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Comrat" title="Comrat">Comrat</a></b></i>, Gagauzia (Moldova)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Karyes,_Mount_Athos" title="Karyes, Mount Athos">Karyes</a></b></i>, Mount Athos (Greece)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Mariehamn" title="Mariehamn">Mariehamn</a></b></i>, Åland Islands (Finland)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Nakhchivan_(city)" title="Nakhchivan (city)">Nakhchivan</a></b></i>, Nakhchivan (Azerbaijan)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Novi_Sad" title="Novi Sad">Novi Sad</a></b></i>, Vojvodina (Serbia)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Simferopol" title="Simferopol">Simferopol</a></b></i>, Crimea (Ukraine)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>1</sup></span> Also the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Kingdom of the Netherlands</a></li> <li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>2</sup></span> Continental placement may vary <a href="/wiki/Boundaries_between_the_continents_of_Earth#Asia_and_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Boundaries between the continents of Earth">depending on geographic convention</a> being followed</li> <li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>3</sup></span> Also the seat of the European Union, see <a href="/wiki/Institutional_seats_of_the_European_Union" title="Institutional seats of the European Union">Institutional seats of the European Union</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brussels_and_the_European_Union" title="Brussels and the European Union">Brussels and the European Union</a></li> <li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>4</sup></span> A city-state</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Lake_Zurich_(Zürichsee)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Lake_Zurich" title="Template:Lake Zurich"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Lake_Zurich" title="Template talk:Lake Zurich"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Lake_Zurich" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Lake Zurich"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lake_Zurich_(Zürichsee)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Lake_Zurich" title="Lake Zurich">Lake Zurich (<i>Zürichsee</i>)</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Zürich">Canton of Zürich</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Horgen_District" title="Horgen District">Horgen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meilen_District" title="Meilen District">Meilen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Zürich District">Zürich</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_St._Gallen" title="Canton of St. Gallen">Canton of St. Gallen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/See-Gaster_(Wahlkreis)" class="mw-redirect" title="See-Gaster (Wahlkreis)">See-Gaster</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Schwyz" title="Canton of Schwyz">Canton of Schwyz</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6fe_District" title="Höfe District">Höfe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_District" title="March District">March</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Settlements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altendorf,_Schwyz" title="Altendorf, Schwyz">Altendorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Au,_Z%C3%BCrich" title="Au, Zürich">Au</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A4ch" class="mw-redirect" title="Bäch">Bäch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erlenbach,_Switzerland" title="Erlenbach, Switzerland">Erlenbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feldbach,_Switzerland" title="Feldbach, Switzerland">Feldbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feldmeilen" title="Feldmeilen">Feldmeilen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freienbach" title="Freienbach">Freienbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herrliberg" title="Herrliberg">Herrliberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horgen" title="Horgen">Horgen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurden" title="Hurden">Hurden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kehlhof" title="Kehlhof">Kehlhof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilchberg,_Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilchberg, Zürich">Kilchberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%BCsnacht" title="Küsnacht">Küsnacht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lachen,_Switzerland" title="Lachen, Switzerland">Lachen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A4nnedorf" title="Männedorf">Männedorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meilen" title="Meilen">Meilen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oberrieden" title="Oberrieden">Oberrieden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pf%C3%A4ffikon,_Schwyz" title="Pfäffikon, Schwyz">Pfäffikon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapperswil-Jona" title="Rapperswil-Jona">Rapperswil-Jona</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bollingen" title="Bollingen">Bollingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Busskirch" title="Busskirch">Busskirch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapperswil" title="Rapperswil">Rapperswil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jona,_Switzerland" title="Jona, Switzerland">Jona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kempraten" title="Kempraten">Kempraten</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richterswil" title="Richterswil">Richterswil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%BCschlikon" title="Rüschlikon">Rüschlikon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schmerikon" title="Schmerikon">Schmerikon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St%C3%A4fa" title="Stäfa">Stäfa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thalwil" title="Thalwil">Thalwil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuggen" title="Tuggen">Tuggen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uerikon" title="Uerikon">Uerikon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uetikon_am_See" title="Uetikon am See">Uetikon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C3%A4denswil" title="Wädenswil">Wädenswil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wangen,_Schwyz" title="Wangen, Schwyz">Wangen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nuolen" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuolen">Nuolen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zollikon" title="Zollikon">Zollikon</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Zurich</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altstadt_(Z%C3%BCrich)" class="mw-redirect" title="Altstadt (Zürich)">Altstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enge_(Z%C3%BCrich)" class="mw-redirect" title="Enge (Zürich)">Enge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seefeld_(Z%C3%BCrich)" title="Seefeld (Zürich)">Seefeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wollishofen" title="Wollishofen">Wollishofen</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Archeological" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Archeology" class="mw-redirect" title="Archeology">Archeological</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centum_Prata" title="Centum Prata">Centum Prata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_pile_dwellings_around_Z%C3%BCrichsee" class="mw-redirect" title="Prehistoric pile dwellings around Zürichsee">Pile Dwellings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich%E2%80%93Enge_Alpenquai" title="Zürich–Enge Alpenquai">Enge Alpenquai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapperswil-Jona/Hombrechtikon%E2%80%93Feldbach" title="Rapperswil-Jona/Hombrechtikon–Feldbach">Feldbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freienbach%E2%80%93Hurden_Seefeld" title="Freienbach–Hurden Seefeld">Hurden Seefeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kleiner_Hafner" title="Kleiner Hafner">Kleiner Hafner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meilen%E2%80%93Rorenhaab" title="Meilen–Rorenhaab">Rorenhaab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freienbach%E2%80%93Hurden_Rosshorn" title="Freienbach–Hurden Rosshorn">Rosshorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapperswil-Jona%E2%80%93Technikum" title="Rapperswil-Jona–Technikum">Technikum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C3%A4denswil%E2%80%93Vorder_Au" title="Wädenswil–Vorder Au">Vorder Au</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erlenbach%E2%80%93Winkel" title="Erlenbach–Winkel">Winkel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turicum" title="Turicum">Turicum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Karte_Z%C3%BCrichsee.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Karte_Z%C3%BCrichsee.png/200px-Karte_Z%C3%BCrichsee.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Karte_Z%C3%BCrichsee.png/300px-Karte_Z%C3%BCrichsee.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Karte_Z%C3%BCrichsee.png/400px-Karte_Z%C3%BCrichsee.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="983" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pfannenstiel_-_Z%C3%BCrichsee_-_Richterswil_-_Wollerau_-_Etzel_2010-10-21_16-13-30.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Pfannenstiel_-_Z%C3%BCrichsee_-_Richterswil_-_Wollerau_-_Etzel_2010-10-21_16-13-30.JPG/200px-Pfannenstiel_-_Z%C3%BCrichsee_-_Richterswil_-_Wollerau_-_Etzel_2010-10-21_16-13-30.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Pfannenstiel_-_Z%C3%BCrichsee_-_Richterswil_-_Wollerau_-_Etzel_2010-10-21_16-13-30.JPG/300px-Pfannenstiel_-_Z%C3%BCrichsee_-_Richterswil_-_Wollerau_-_Etzel_2010-10-21_16-13-30.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Pfannenstiel_-_Z%C3%BCrichsee_-_Richterswil_-_Wollerau_-_Etzel_2010-10-21_16-13-30.JPG/400px-Pfannenstiel_-_Z%C3%BCrichsee_-_Richterswil_-_Wollerau_-_Etzel_2010-10-21_16-13-30.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4175" data-file-height="1757" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Islands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Au_Peninsula" title="Au Peninsula">Au Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bausch%C3%A4nzli" title="Bauschänzli">Bauschänzli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grosser_Hafner" title="Grosser Hafner">Grosser Hafner</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hurden_Peninsula&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hurden Peninsula (page does not exist)">Hurden Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCtzelau" title="Lützelau">Lützelau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saffa-Insel" class="mw-redirect" title="Saffa-Insel">Saffa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ufenau" title="Ufenau">Ufenau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rivers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jona_(river)" title="Jona (river)">Jona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limmat" title="Limmat">Limmat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linth" title="Linth">Linth</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schmerikoner_Aa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schmerikoner Aa (page does not exist)">Schmerikoner Aa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sihl" title="Sihl">Sihl</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Steinenbach&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Steinenbach (page does not exist)">Steinenbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C3%A4gitalersee" title="Wägitalersee">Wägitaler Aa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Valleys</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%BCsnachter_Tobel" title="Küsnachter Tobel">Küsnachter Tobel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limmat_Valley" title="Limmat Valley">Limmattal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sihl_Valley" title="Sihl Valley">Sihltal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mountains</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adlisberg" title="Adlisberg">Adlisberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albis" title="Albis">Albis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buechberg" title="Buechberg">Buechberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etzel_(mountain)" title="Etzel (mountain)">Etzel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pfannenstiel_(Z%C3%BCrich)" title="Pfannenstiel (Zürich)">Pfannenstiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uetliberg" title="Uetliberg">Uetliberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimmerberg" title="Zimmerberg">Zimmerberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrichberg" title="Zürichberg">Zürichberg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Landmarks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Felsenegg" title="Felsenegg">Felsenegg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frauenwinkel" title="Frauenwinkel">Frauenwinkel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganymed_(Z%C3%BCrich)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ganymed (Zürich)">Ganymed statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldcoast_(Switzerland)" title="Goldcoast (Switzerland)">Goldküste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurden_ship_canal" title="Hurden ship canal">Hurden canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindenhof_(Rapperswil)" title="Lindenhof (Rapperswil)">Lindenhof (Rapperswil)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obersee_(Z%C3%BCrichsee)" title="Obersee (Zürichsee)">Obersee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quaibr%C3%BCcke,_Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Quaibrücke, Zürich">Quaibrücke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holzbr%C3%BCcke_Rapperswil-Hurden" title="Holzbrücke Rapperswil-Hurden">Rapperswil–Hurden bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seedamm" title="Seedamm">Seedamm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrichhorn" title="Zürichhorn">Zürichhorn</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Buildings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alt_Rapperswil_Castle" title="Alt Rapperswil Castle">Alt Rapperswil Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alt_W%C3%A4denswil_Castle" title="Alt Wädenswil Castle">Alt Wädenswil Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schloss_Au" title="Schloss Au">Au Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bollingen_Tower" title="Bollingen Tower">Bollingen Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grynau_Castle" title="Grynau Castle">Grynau Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heilig_H%C3%BCsli" title="Heilig Hüsli">Heilig Hüsli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavillon_Le_Corbusier" title="Pavillon Le Corbusier">Pavillon Le Corbusier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pf%C3%A4ffikon_Castle" title="Pfäffikon Castle">Pfäffikon Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapperswil_Castle" title="Rapperswil Castle">Rapperswil Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stadtpfarrkirche_Rapperswil" title="Stadtpfarrkirche Rapperswil">Saint John's parish church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wulp_Castle" title="Wulp Castle">Wulp Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wurmsbach_Abbey" title="Wurmsbach Abbey">Wurmsbach Abbey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parks/Resorts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frauenbad_Stadthausquai" title="Frauenbad Stadthausquai">Frauenbad Stadthausquai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quaianlagen_(Z%C3%BCrich)" class="mw-redirect" title="Quaianlagen (Zürich)">Zürich Quaianlagen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arboretum" title="Arboretum">Arboretum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Belvoir" title="Villa Belvoir">Belvoir Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCrkliplatz,_Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Bürkliplatz, Zürich">Bürkliplatz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Garden,_Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Garden, Zürich">Chinagarten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strandbad_Mythenquai" title="Strandbad Mythenquai">Mythenquai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sechsel%C3%A4utenplatz" title="Sechseläutenplatz">Sechseläutenplatz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strandbad_Tiefenbrunnen" title="Strandbad Tiefenbrunnen">Tiefenbrunnen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seebad_Utoquai" title="Seebad Utoquai">Utoquai</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transportation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Forch_railway" title="Forch railway">Forchbahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrichsee-F%C3%A4hre_Horgen%E2%80%93Meilen" title="Zürichsee-Fähre Horgen–Meilen">Horgen–Meilen ferry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adliswil-Felsenegg_cable_car" title="Adliswil-Felsenegg cable car">LAF cable car</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Gallen_S-Bahn" title="St. Gallen S-Bahn">St. Gallen S-Bahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sihltal_Z%C3%BCrich_Uetliberg_Bahn" title="Sihltal Zürich Uetliberg Bahn">SZU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verkehrsbetriebe_Z%C3%BCrich" title="Verkehrsbetriebe Zürich">VBZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voralpen_Express" title="Voralpen Express">Voralpen Express</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verkehrsbetriebe_Z%C3%BCrichsee_und_Oberland" title="Verkehrsbetriebe Zürichsee und Oberland">VZO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimmerberg_bus_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Zimmerberg bus line">Zimmerberg Bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrichsee-Schifffahrtsgesellschaft" class="mw-redirect" title="Zürichsee-Schifffahrtsgesellschaft">ZSG shipping lines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich_S-Bahn" class="mw-redirect" title="Zürich S-Bahn">Zürich S-Bahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrcher_Verkehrsverbund" title="Zürcher Verkehrsverbund">ZVV</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Trams in Zürich">VBZ tram lines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="color:inherit;background-color:#ed1c24;border:.075em solid #ed1c24;padding:0 .3em"><a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich_tram_route_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Zürich tram route 2"><span style="color:#FFFFFF;font-weight:bold;font-size:inherit;white-space:nowrap">2</span></a></span></li> <li><span style="color:inherit;background-color:#49479d;border:.075em solid #49479d;padding:0 .3em"><a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich_tram_route_4" class="mw-redirect" title="Zürich tram route 4"><span style="color:#FFFFFF;font-weight:bold;font-size:inherit;white-space:nowrap">4</span></a></span></li> <li><span style="color:inherit;background-color:#956438;border:.075em solid #956438;padding:0 .3em"><a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich_tram_route_5" class="mw-redirect" title="Zürich tram route 5"><span style="color:#FFFFFF;font-weight:bold;font-size:inherit;white-space:nowrap">5</span></a></span></li> <li><span style="color:inherit;background-color:#a6ce39;border:.075em solid #a6ce39;padding:0 .3em"><a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich_tram_route_8" class="mw-redirect" title="Zürich tram route 8"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:bold;font-size:inherit;white-space:nowrap">8</span></a></span></li> <li><span style="color:inherit;background-color:#49479d;border:.075em solid #49479d;padding:0 .3em"><a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich_tram_route_9" class="mw-redirect" title="Zürich tram route 9"><span style="color:#FFFFFF;font-weight:bold;font-size:inherit;white-space:nowrap">9</span></a></span></li> <li><span style="color:inherit;background-color:#00ac4f;border:.075em solid #00ac4f;padding:0 .3em"><a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich_tram_route_11" class="mw-redirect" title="Zürich tram route 11"><span style="color:#FFFFFF;font-weight:bold;font-size:inherit;white-space:nowrap">11</span></a></span></li> <li><span style="color:inherit;background-color:#ed1c24;border:.075em solid #ed1c24;padding:0 .3em"><a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich_tram_route_15" class="mw-redirect" title="Zürich tram route 15"><span style="color:#FFFFFF;font-weight:bold;font-size:inherit;white-space:nowrap">15</span></a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lake_Zurich_left-bank_railway_line" title="Lake Zurich left-bank railway line">Lake Zurich left-bank railway line</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="color:inherit;background-color:#7DC242;border:.075em solid #7DC242;padding:0 .3em"><a href="/wiki/S2_(ZVV)" title="S2 (ZVV)"><span style="color:#FFFFFF;font-weight:bold;font-size:inherit;white-space:nowrap">S2</span></a></span></li> <li><span style="color:inherit;background-color:#62198F;border:.075em solid #62198F;padding:0 .3em"><a href="/wiki/S8_(ZVV)" title="S8 (ZVV)"><span style="color:#FFFFFF;font-weight:bold;font-size:inherit;white-space:nowrap">S8</span></a></span></li> <li><span style="color:inherit;background-color:#BA8C53;border:.075em solid #BA8C53;padding:0 .3em"><a href="/wiki/S24_(ZVV)" title="S24 (ZVV)"><span style="color:#FFFFFF;font-weight:bold;font-size:inherit;white-space:nowrap">S24</span></a></span></li> <li><span style="color:inherit;background-color:#b80e80;border:.075em solid #b80e80;padding:0 .3em"><a href="/wiki/S25_(ZVV)" title="S25 (ZVV)"><span style="color:#FFFFFF;font-weight:bold;font-size:inherit;white-space:nowrap">S25</span></a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lake_Zurich_right-bank_railway_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake Zurich right-bank railway line">Lake Zurich right-bank railway line</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="color:inherit;background-color:#734B89;border:.075em solid #734B89;padding:0 .3em"><a href="/wiki/S6_(ZVV)" title="S6 (ZVV)"><span style="color:#FFFFFF;font-weight:bold;font-size:inherit;white-space:nowrap">S6</span></a></span></li> <li><span style="color:inherit;background-color:#FBB402;border:.075em solid #FBB402;padding:0 .3em"><a href="/wiki/S7_(ZVV)" title="S7 (ZVV)"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:bold;font-size:inherit;white-space:nowrap">S7</span></a></span></li> <li><span style="color:inherit;background-color:#4FAD82;border:.075em solid #4FAD82;padding:0 .3em"><a href="/wiki/S16_(ZVV)" title="S16 (ZVV)"><span style="color:#FFFFFF;font-weight:bold;font-size:inherit;white-space:nowrap">S16</span></a></span></li> <li><span style="color:inherit;background-color:#c44f97;border:.075em solid #c44f97;padding:0 .3em"><a href="/wiki/S20_(ZVV)" title="S20 (ZVV)"><span style="color:#FFFFFF;font-weight:bold;font-size:inherit;white-space:nowrap">S20</span></a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rapperswil%E2%80%93Pf%C3%A4ffikon_railway" title="Rapperswil–Pfäffikon railway">Rapperswil–Pfäffikon railway line</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="color:inherit;background-color:#64A8CA;border:.075em solid #64A8CA;padding:0 .3em"><a href="/wiki/S5_(ZVV)" title="S5 (ZVV)"><span style="color:#FFFFFF;font-weight:bold;font-size:inherit;white-space:nowrap">S5</span></a></span></li> <li><span style="color:inherit;background-color:#B793C9;border:.075em solid #B793C9;padding:0 .3em"><a href="/wiki/S40_(ZVV)" title="S40 (ZVV)"><span style="color:#FFFFFF;font-weight:bold;font-size:inherit;white-space:nowrap">S40</span></a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rapperswil%E2%80%93Ziegelbr%C3%BCcke_railway_line" title="Rapperswil–Ziegelbrücke railway line">Rapperswil–Ziegelbrücke railway line</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="color:inherit;background-color:#ec008c;border:.075em solid #ec008c;border-radius:.5em;padding:0 .3em"><a href="/wiki/S4_(St._Gallen_S-Bahn)" title="S4 (St. Gallen S-Bahn)"><span style="color:#FFFFFF;font-weight:bold;font-size:inherit;white-space:nowrap">S4</span></a></span></li> <li><span style="color:inherit;background-color:#66c18c;border:.075em solid #66c18c;border-radius:.5em;padding:0 .3em"><a href="/wiki/S6_(St._Gallen_S-Bahn)" title="S6 (St. Gallen S-Bahn)"><span style="color:#FFFFFF;font-weight:bold;font-size:inherit;white-space:nowrap">S6</span></a></span></li> <li><span style="color:inherit;background-color:#798649;border:.075em solid #798649;border-radius:.5em;padding:0 .3em"><a href="/wiki/S17_(St._Gallen_S-Bahn)" title="S17 (St. Gallen S-Bahn)"><span style="color:#FFFFFF;font-weight:bold;font-size:inherit;white-space:nowrap">S17</span></a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Railway station">Railway stations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altendorf_railway_station" title="Altendorf railway station">Altendorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Au_ZH_railway_station" title="Au ZH railway station">Au ZH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A4ch_railway_station" title="Bäch railway station">Bäch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blumenau_railway_station" title="Blumenau railway station">Blumenau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bollingen_railway_station" title="Bollingen railway station">Bollingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erlenbach_ZH_railway_station" title="Erlenbach ZH railway station">Erlenbach ZH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feldbach_railway_station" title="Feldbach railway station">Feldbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freienbach_SBB_railway_station" title="Freienbach SBB railway station">Freienbach SBB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herrliberg-Feldmeilen_railway_station" title="Herrliberg-Feldmeilen railway station">Herrliberg-Feldmeilen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horgen_railway_station" title="Horgen railway station">Horgen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurden_railway_station" title="Hurden railway station">Hurden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kempraten_railway_station" title="Kempraten railway station">Kempraten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilchberg_railway_station" title="Kilchberg railway station">Kilchberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%BCsnacht_Goldbach_railway_station" title="Küsnacht Goldbach railway station">Küsnacht Goldbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%BCsnacht_ZH_railway_station" title="Küsnacht ZH railway station">Küsnacht ZH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lachen_railway_station" title="Lachen railway station">Lachen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A4nnedorf_railway_station" title="Männedorf railway station">Männedorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meilen_railway_station" title="Meilen railway station">Meilen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oberrieden_railway_station" title="Oberrieden railway station">Oberrieden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pf%C3%A4ffikon_SZ_railway_station" title="Pfäffikon SZ railway station">Pfäffikon SZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapperswil_railway_station" title="Rapperswil railway station">Rapperswil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richterswil_railway_station" title="Richterswil railway station">Richterswil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%BCschlikon_railway_station" title="Rüschlikon railway station">Rüschlikon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schmerikon_railway_station" title="Schmerikon railway station">Schmerikon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St%C3%A4fa_railway_station" title="Stäfa railway station">Stäfa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thalwil_railway_station" title="Thalwil railway station">Thalwil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uerikon_railway_station" title="Uerikon railway station">Uerikon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uetikon_railway_station" title="Uetikon railway station">Uetikon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C3%A4denswil_railway_station" title="Wädenswil railway station">Wädenswil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winkel_am_Z%C3%BCrichsee_railway_station" title="Winkel am Zürichsee railway station">Winkel am Zürichsee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zollikon_railway_station" title="Zollikon railway station">Zollikon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich_Stadelhofen_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Zürich Stadelhofen railway station">Zürich Stadelhofen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich_Tiefenbrunnen_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Zürich Tiefenbrunnen railway station">Zürich Tiefenbrunnen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich_Wollishofen_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Zürich Wollishofen railway station">Zürich Wollishofen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gerold_Sp%C3%A4th" title="Gerold Späth">Gerold Späth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Rapperswil" title="House of Rapperswil">House of Rapperswil</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_von_Rapperswil" title="Elisabeth von Rapperswil">Elisabeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_I_(Habsburg-Laufenburg)" title="Johann I (Habsburg-Laufenburg)">Johann I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_II_(Habsburg-Laufenburg)" title="Johann II (Habsburg-Laufenburg)">Johann II</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydia_Escher" class="mw-redirect" title="Lydia Escher">Lydia Escher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Brun" title="Rudolf Brun">Rudolf Brun</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Media" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Obersee_Nachrichten" title="Obersee Nachrichten">Obersee Nachrichten</a></li> <li><a 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4068038-1">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80013637">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12167046v">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12167046v">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Curych (Švýcarsko)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge128459&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span 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href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/000171">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10045180">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zurich&oldid=1256194147">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zurich&oldid=1256194147</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Zurich" title="Category:Zurich">Zurich</a></li><li><a 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